重庆市部分学校2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题汇编：七选五（含答案）

重庆市部分学校
2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
七选五
重庆市第八中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We may “friend” more people on Facebook, but we have fewer real friends — the kind who would help us out in tough times, listen sympathetically no matter what, lend us money, or keep a secret if we shared one.
____16____ He is a Cornell University sociologist who surveyed more than 2,000 adults and found that from 1985 to 2021, the number of truly close friends has dropped even though we’re socializing as much as ever. On average, participants listed 2.03 close friends in his survey. ____17____ “These are the people you think of as your real friends, your go to people if you need something,” Brashears said.
Brashears asked people online to list the names of people with whom they had discussed “important matters” over the previous six months 48 percent of participants listed one close friend when asked. 28 percent listed two and 19 percent listed more. ____18____ He reports the results in the journal Social Networks.
____19____ Brashears said his survey can’t tell us for sure but his guess is that while we meet just as many people as we used to, we sort them differently.
Does that suggest we’re more isolated in these times when we seem to meet more people online than in person Keith Hampton from the University of Pennsylvania wrote a report. “Internet, or Facebook users have more close relationships than other people. They get more overall social support than other people. ____20____” wrote Hampton in his blog post.
A. What’s the reason behind them
B. What’s the meaning of the survey
C. The report reflected issues behind the phenomenon.
D. That’s the conclusion made by Matthew Brashears.
E. At the same time, a little more than 4 percent didn’t list anyone.
F. And in particular they report more emotional support and companionship.
G. Compared with 3 in a previous study, the number was down by one point.
重庆市第一中学校2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Pain is usually connected to a nervous system. When you put your hand too close to a hot stove, nerve cells send a warning of danger to your brain. ____16____ That, in turn, causes you to pull your hand away before any serious damage is done. Plants don't have nerves or brains, so they can’t feel pain like you do. ____17____ And since they can't escape a potentially dangerous situation, they need other ways of fighting back.
____18____ Some plants discourage plant-eaters from chewing on them by growing thorns or sharp little hairs, like a rose or a cactus does. Other plants produce bad-tasting or even toxic chemicals. These force potential attackers to abandon their meals.
But a plant called bittersweet nightshade does something even more smartly. When a slug, a small creature, chews holes in a nightshade’s leaf, a kind of sweet juice begins dripping out of the edges of the wound, almost as if the plant were bleeding. ____19____ In order to collect the juice, the ants gather all over the injured nightshade plant and attack anything that stands in their way—including the slug that damaged the plant in the first place. In short: Slug attacks plant; plant calls army of ants to come closer to kill slug. ____20____
Plants may look like passive victims. But they have armies of cold-blooded killers always ready to obey their orders.
A. Your brain recognizes that signal as pain
B. The biggest threat to a plant's life is getting eaten.
C. This sweet juice successfully drives the slug away.
D. Your brain is definitely a complex nervous system
E. The sweet juice happens to be a favorite food of ants
F. But plants definitely do recognize when something is hurting them.
G. Thus, the plant can help itself by calling the enemies of its own enemies.
重庆市巴蜀中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Set New Year's Resolutions That Stick
Some people love the tradition of setting a goal each January 1.36 If you want to improve your chances of sticking to your 2022 New Year's resolution, scientists suggest you choose a goal that's concrete and achievable. Here are more science-based tips for you.
1． Consider a penalty clause （惩罚条款）．
This may sound upsetting, but can work wonders. 37 Then you'll feel ashamed if they check back later and find out you haven't followed through. You can also make a bet with a friend that you'll stick to your resolution or pay. The truth behind is that penalties are even more motivating than rewards.
2.Make it fun.
If you want to be a straight-A student, you probably assume long, distraction-free study sessions （时段）are key．38 Research has shown that if you get pleasure, you'll persist longer. One way to make pursuing a goal more fun is to combine it with a guilty pleasure. Consider, for example, only letting yourself drink your favorite coffee during a study session. Then there is a hook to get you to the library.
3.Allow for emergencies.
You planned to get to bed early every night but couldn't resist staying up late one Friday. After that, your early-to-bed plans went out the window because "what the hell," you'd already failed. Researchers call this the "what the hell effect."39 By setting tough goals but giving yourself one or two get-out-of-jail-free cards each week, you can get better results.
4. 40
Spending time around high achievers can improve your own performance. You'll pick up a bit because you tend to follow their patterns of behavior. Strangely enough, there is evidence that coaching （辅导） friends with shared goals can improve your success rate，too.
A. Get a little help from your friends.
B. Tell a few friends about your goal.
C. Happily, there is a way out of this trap.
D. The logic for why this works is simple.
E. There are various games that make learning fun.
F. But if it's not fun to study, you're unlikely to keep at it.
G. Others argue it's a waste of time since most resolutions fail.
重庆市第十八中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）（改编）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many students study with little thought about what comes after their study session. ____16____. Now we will explore some no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning.
____17____. Perhaps they look at their phone or computer. They might even play a video game or watch television. But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studies.
A study published in the journal PLOS One examined how well older people who were in good health could remember certain words. In two different experiments, researchers found that older adults who rested for 10 minutes after learning new words had better memory of those words. “A period of wakeful rest immediately after new learning increases free recall of verbal material,” the researchers wrote. “____18____.”
In addition to wakeful rest sleep is also important for learning. A report on the website of Harvard Medical School explains that a person lacking sleep cannot focus attention and therefore cannot learn efficiently. ____19____. That is essential for learning new information.
Robert Stickgold is a doctor and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School. “____20____.” he said. “When we first form memories, they’re in a very raw and fragile form. Sleep is important for forming memories.” Stickgold suggested that adults between the ages of 18 and 64 get between 7 and 9 hours of sleep per day. Teenagers may need slightly more, and people over the age of 65 may need a little less.
A. New memories can be hard to keep
B. The results were strong even after seven days
C. Now you have two suggestions for how to learn new information
D. Many students often go straight to another activity after finishing study
E. By reducing your activity after study, your brain gets a chance to rest
F. It also says sleep itself has a role in strengthening memory
G. But what you do after studying could have an effect on how well you learn
重庆市渝高中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is also called the Moon-cake Festival. ___16___ In 2021, the Mid-Autumn Festival falls on September 21st (Tuesday). ___17___ In China, it’s a reunion time for families, just like Thanksgiving, while in Vietnam, it’s more like a children’s day.
How the Chinese Celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival
Enjoy Family Reunions.
The roundness of the moon represents the reunion of the family in Chinese minds. Families will have dinner together on the evening of the Moon-cake Festival.
___18___
Moon-cakes are the most representative food for the Moon-cake Festival, because of their round shape and sweet flavor. Family members usually gather round and cut a moon-cake into pieces and share its sweetness.
Appreciate the Moon.
___19___ It is said, sentimentally, that “the moon on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival is the brightest and the most beautiful”.
Worship(崇拜) the Moon.
According to the legend of the Mid-Autumn Festival, a fairy maiden named Chang’e lives on the moon with a cute rabbit. ___20___ Some believe that by worshiping the moon, Chang’e (the moon goddess) may fulfill their wishes.
A. Eat Moon-cakes.
B. Have a big meal.
C. The full moon is the symbol of family reunions in Chinese culture.
D. A “mid-autumn festival” is always celebrated in China.
E. A “mid-autumn festival” is also celebrated in other Asian communities.
F. It traditionally falls on the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.
G. On the Festival night, people set a table under the moon with moon-cakes, and candles on it.
答案：
重庆市第八中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. E 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲的是一项调查表示尽管我们的社交活动一如既往，但真正亲密的朋友的数量却在减少。
【16题详解】
根据指代关系和下文“He is a Cornell University sociologist...(他是康奈尔大学的社会学家)”可知，设空句应出现下文中人称代词He指代的人物，D项“That’s the conclusion made by Matthew Brashears.(那是Matthew Brashears得出的结论)”中Matthew Brashears即He指代对象，且下文对Matthew Brashears的身份进行了介绍，符合上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“...found that from 1985 to 2021, the number of truly close friends has dropped even though we’re socializing as much as ever. On average, participants listed 2.03 close friends in his survey.(发现从1985年到2021年，尽管我们还是一如既往地进行社交活动，但真正亲密的朋友的数量却在减少。在他的调查中，参与者平均列出了2.03个亲密朋友)”讲调查发现我们真正亲密的朋友数量减少了，并给出具体数据：2.03个，G项“Compared with 3 in a previous study, the number was down by one point.(与之前研究中的3人相比，这一数字下降了一个百分点)”将其与之前数据进行对比，印证上文观点，符合上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
【18题详解】
E项“At the same time, a little more than 4 percent didn’t list anyone.(与此同时，略多于4%的人没有列出任何人)”和上文“48 percent of participants listed one close friend when asked. 28 percent listed two and 19 percent listed more. (48%的参与者列出了一个亲密的朋友。28%的人列出了两个，19%的人列出了更多)”是并列关系，通过具体数据来展示网络问卷调查的结果，符合上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【19题详解】
下文“Brashears said his survey can’t tell us for sure, but his guess is that while we meet just as many people as we used to, we sort them differently.(布莱希尔斯说，他的调查不能肯定地告诉我们，但他猜测，虽然我们遇到的人和以前一样多，但我们对他们的分类有所不同)”是在解释原因，A项“What’s the reason behind them (他们背后的原因是什么 )”引出下文的解释，符合上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
【20题详解】
上文“Internet, or Facebook users have more close relationships than other people. They get more overall social support than other people.(互联网或Facebook用户比其他人有更多的亲密关系。他们比其他人得到更多的社会支持)”讲互联网或Facebook用户获得更多社会支持，F项“And in particular they report more emotional support and companionship.(特别是他们报告说他们有更多的情感支持和陪伴)”与上文是顺承关系，进一步说明他们得到的支持类型，句中“more emotional support”与上文“more overall social support”相照应，符合上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
重庆市第一中学校2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. B 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了植物没有神经和大脑，所以它们感受不到疼痛，但是，面对潜在威胁，植物也有反应机制。
【16题详解】
根据前句“Pain is usually connected to a nervous system. When you put your hand too close to a hot stove, nerve cells send a warning of danger to your brain.”（疼痛通常与神经系统有关。当你的手太靠近火炉时，神经细胞会向你的大脑发出危险的警告）可知，神经细胞会向大脑发出危险的警告。A项“Your brain recognizes that signal as pain”（你的大脑将这个信号识别为疼痛）正是大脑收到这一警告后的反应，句中“that signal”与上文“a warning of danger”相照应。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据前句“Plants don’t have nerves or brains, so they can’t feel pain like you do.”（植物没有神经或大脑，所以它们不能像你一样感觉到疼痛） 以及后句“And since they can’t escape a potentially dangerous situation, they need other ways of fighting back.”（因为他们无法逃脱潜在的危险，他们需要其他的方式来反击。）可知，此处意指植物虽然感受不到疼痛，但是能识别潜在地危险，所以需要其他的反应机制来反击这种威胁。F项“But plants definitely do recognize when something is hurting them.”（但植物确实能识别出什么东西伤害了它们）符合文意。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据后句“Some plants discourage plant-eaters from chewing on them by growing thorns or sharp little hairs, like a rose or a cactus does.”（有些植物会长出刺或尖利的茸毛来阻止食草动物咀嚼它们，比如玫瑰或仙人掌）可知，植物在面对捕食者时会进化出应对机制，所以此处应该要提到植物的最大威胁是来自掠食者。B项“The biggest threat to a plant’s life is getting eaten.”（对植物生命最大的威胁是被吃掉）符合文意。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据后句“In order to collect the juice, the ants gather all over the injured nightshade plant and attack anything that stands in their way—including the slug that damaged the plant in the first place.”（为了收集龙葵汁液，蚂蚁会在受伤的龙葵植株上四处聚集，攻击任何挡住它们去路的东西——包括最初破坏植物的蛞蝓）可知，此处以实例——龙葵植株如何利用蚂蚁应对其他掠食者的攻击——来解释植物如何应对来自捕食者的威胁，所以空处要提到蚂蚁和植物的关系。E项“The sweet juice happens to be a favorite food of ants”（这种甜汁碰巧是蚂蚁最喜欢的食物）符合文意。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据前句“In short: Slug attacks plant; plant calls army of ants to come closer to kill slug.”（简而言之:蛞蝓攻击植物; 植物召唤蚂蚁大军来杀死蛞蝓）可知，此处说明植物如何通过特有的机制来引来其他动物抵抗掠食者潜在威胁的。G项“Thus, the plant can help itself by calling the enemies of its own enemies.”（因此，植物可以通过召唤敌人的敌人来帮助自己）符合文意。故选G。
重庆市巴蜀中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
36-40 GBFCA
文章大意：如何制定能坚持得久一点的“新年计划”
36. G 考查上下文衔接。由上文中的some…love…，而下文是提升自己的坚持几率，推断此处为others…fail。
37. B 考查上下文衔接。本段强调惩罚条款，此句意为告知朋友们你的目标，下文中的they刚好可以指代本句中的friends，“如果他们发现你没有坚持，可能你会很羞愧”。
38. F 考查上下文衔接。此处上一句说想要成绩好，你可能会以为要长时间专注地学习才行， “但是实际上如果没有乐趣，是很难坚持的。”后面是关于趣味重要性的研究。
39. C 考查上下文衔接。前面是“管它呢”效应，后面是解决方法，此处为过渡性语句，应选择“令人高兴的是，有方法可以摆脱这一点”。
40. A 考查小标题。本段强调的是与更优秀的朋友在一起会提升自己的表现，再加上小标题往往形式一致，参考前三个小标题都是祈使句，可选出答案为 A。
重庆市第十八中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. B 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两种在学习之余巩固学习成果的方法：清醒的休息和睡眠。
【16题详解】
上文“Many students study with little thought about what comes after their study session.”（许多学生学习时很少考虑课后会发生什么）说明很多学生不考虑课后的问题，以及下文“Now we will explore some no-cost ways that can help you improve your learning.”（现在我们将探索一些可以帮助你提高学习的免费方法。）说明将为学生提供提高学习的方法，设空处承上启下，应说明学习后所做的事情可能会影响学习，G项“但是你在学习后做的事情可能会影响你的学习效果”符合题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
下文“Perhaps they look at their phone or computer. They might even play a video game or watch television.”(他们可能会看手机或电脑，甚至也可能玩视频游戏或看电视。)说明学生完成学习之后可能会做的事情，D项中another activity是关键词，说明学生所做的活动，D项“许多学生通常在完成学业后直接参加另一项活动”符合题意。故选D。
【18题详解】
上文““A period of wakeful rest immediately after new learning increases free recall of verbal material,” the researchers wrote.”(研究人员写到“学习新知识后，立即进行一段清醒的休息可以增加对语言材料的自由回忆。”)说明清醒的休息会产生好的效果，增加对语言材料的自由回忆，B项“即使在七天后，结果仍然很明显”进一步说明效果，符合题意。故选B。
【19题详解】
上文“A report on the website of Harvard Medical School explains that a person lacking sleep cannot focus attention and therefore cannot learn efficiently.”(在哈佛医学院网站上的一篇报道称，一个缺乏睡眠的人不能集中注意力，因此也不能高效地学习。)说明缺乏睡眠不利于学习，空处应继续说明睡眠对于学习的影响，F项中sleep是关键词，说明睡眠对增强记忆方面有作用，F项“它还说睡眠本身在增强记忆方面也有作用”符合题意。故选F。
【20题详解】
下文“When we first form memories, they’re in a very raw and fragile form.”(当我们最初形成记忆时，它们是非常原始和脆弱的)说明最初形成的记忆是不容易保留的， A项“新的记忆可能很难保持”符合题意。故选A。
重庆市渝高中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. A 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中秋节的月亮，习俗和传说相关的知识。
【16题详解】
根据后文“In 2021, the Mid-Autumn Festival falls on September 21st (Tuesday).(2021年9月21日(星期二)是中秋节。)”可知，本段介绍的是中秋节的时间。F选项“It traditionally falls on the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.(传统上是在中国农历八月十五日。)”符合题意，故选F。
【17题详解】
根据后文“In China, it’s a reunion time for families, just like Thanksgiving, while in Vietnam, it’s more like a children’s day.(在中国，这是一个家庭团聚的时间，就像感恩节，而在越南，它更像是一个儿童节。)”可知，这里介绍的是国外也会庆祝中秋节。E选项“A “mid-autumn festival” is also celebrated in other Asian communities.(其他亚洲社区也庆祝“中秋节”。)”符合题意，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Moon-cakes are the most representative food for the Moon-cake Festival, because of their round shape and sweet flavor.(月饼是中秋节最具代表性的食物，因为它们圆圆的形状和甜甜的味道。)”可知，本段介绍的是与中秋节有关的食物——月饼。A选项“Eat Moon-cakes.(吃月饼。)”符合题意，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据本段小标题“Appreciate the Moon.(欣赏月亮。)”和后文“It is said, sentimentally, that “the moon on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival is the brightest and the most beautiful”.(据说，中秋之夜的月亮是最亮、最美丽的。)”可知，本段介绍的是与中秋有关的月亮。C选项“The full moon is the symbol of family reunions in Chinese culture.(在中国文化中，满月是家庭团聚的象征。)”符合题意，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Some believe that by worshiping the moon, Chang’e (the moon goddess) may fulfill their wishes.(一些人认为，通过崇拜月亮，嫦娥(月亮女神)可以实现他们的愿望。)”可知，这里介绍的是人们如何表达对月亮的崇拜。G选项“On the Festival night, people set a table under the moon with moon-cakes, and candles on it.(在节日的晚上，人们在月亮下面放一张桌子，上面放着月饼和蜡烛。)”符合题意，故选G。