专题08. 语法填空 解题技巧（含答案详解）高考英语题型复习（2019人教版）
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| 名称 | 专题08. 语法填空 解题技巧（含答案详解）高考英语题型复习（2019人教版） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-09 09:23:59 | ||
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语法填空解题技巧
语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
高频考点 谓语动词 1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词 1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词 1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词 0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类 0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
低频考点 代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题
高频考点 介词 0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词 0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词 0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。
低频考点 并列连词 0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
其他 0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did；构成部分倒装的do, does, did；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。
一、
“有提示词类”解题攻略
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
解题 攻略 若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。
典例1 While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。
典例2 Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __ __ (grow) more corn than rice. 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。
典例3 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ____ (start) a soil testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 分析：分析句子结构可知，when the government ____ (start) a soil testing program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between 2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填started。
2．考查非谓语动词
解题 攻略 若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。
典例4 You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running. 分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
典例5 Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water quality. 分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve，作目的状语。
典例6 China's approach to protecting its environment while ___ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。
典例7 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。
3．考查派生词
解题 攻略 有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
典例8 This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pollution。
典例9 This development was only possible with the ___ (introduce) of electric powered engines and lifts. 分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。
(二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词
解题 攻略 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
典例10 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___ (cause)． 分析：分析句子成分可知，from all ___ (cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填其复数形式causes。
典例11 To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。
典例12 The Central London Railway was one of the most ____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词
解题 攻略 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
典例13 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____ (long) than non runners. 分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填longer。
典例14 A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. 分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。
(四)低频考点：提示词为代词
解题 攻略 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
典例15 When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___ (they) alive. 分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。
典例16 On my recent visit, I held a lively three month old twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother. 分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。
二、“无提示词类”解题攻略
(一)高频考点之一：填介词
解题 攻略 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
典例1 My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ____ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. 分析：search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，此处指“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。故填for。
典例2 It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ____ work. 分析：travel to and from work表示“上下班”，故填from。
(二)高频考点之二：填冠词
解题 攻略 当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。
典例3 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ____ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 分析：句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。特指在过去的25年里。故填定冠词the。
典例4 Unexpectedly, I'm face to face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____ top of her lungs. 分析：固定短语at the top of“在……的顶部”，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。
(三)高频考点之三：填从属关联词
解题 攻略 当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。
典例5 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ____ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 分析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a study，并在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
典例6 Over time, ____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 分析：根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……时候”，故填as/when。
(四)低频考点：填并列连词
解题攻略 当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。
典例7 Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water ____ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 分析：根据比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻用水量进行比较，需填连词，故填than。
一
2021新高考1卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
56. 【答案】What考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
57. 【答案】humans 考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
58. 【答案】undoubtedly 考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
59. 【答案】hotter考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
60. 【答案】astonished考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
61. 【答案】was考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
62. 【答案】and考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
63. 【答案】aching考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
64. 【答案】mine考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
65. 【答案】a考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
二
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Time travel comedy Hi, Mom opened the Lunar New Year holiday in a surprising way, and Hi, Mom____41____ (become) China’s clear favorite among the lunar new year offerings so far.____42____ (write), directed by and co-starring female filmmaker Jia Ling, Hi, Mom has received the best user review ratings.
In the movie, Jia is a devoted daughter ____43____ world is turned upside down after her mother dies suddenly in ____44____ accident. In a state of ____45____ (emotion) crisis, she finds herself mysteriously transported back to 1981, when she meets her mother and the social group of her youth. Jia attempts to improve her ____46____ (mother) life by using ideas from their future but her plans repeatedly go wrong.
Hi, Mom reflects ____47____ how Jia Ling misses her late mother Li Huanying, who encouraged her to pursue her artistic dreams. The film ____48____ (base) on her memories of their time together. It is also____49____ (loose) adapted from a comedy sketch. Thanks to Hi, Mom’s powerful _____50_____ (perform) to date, Jia has already been China’s most commercially successful female filmmaker ever.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了喜剧电影《你好李焕英》的故事情节、创作过程以及取得的成就等情况。
41. 【答案】has become考查动词时态。句意：时间旅行喜剧《你好李焕英》以一种令人惊讶的方式开启了农历新年假期，《你好李焕英》显然已经成为迄今为止中国最受欢迎的农历新年影片。根据后文so far可知应用现在完成时，主语为Hi, Mom，助动词用has。故填has become。
42. 【答案】Written 考查非谓语动词。句意：由女导演贾玲自编自导并联合主演的《你好李焕英》获得了最好的用户评价。分析句子结构可知write在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Hi, Mom构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Written。
43. 【答案】whose考查定语从句。句意：影片中，贾玲是一个尽职尽责的女儿，在母亲在一场意外中突然去世后，她的世界发生了翻天覆地的变化。此处为定语从句修饰先行词daughter，先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
44.【答案】 an考查冠词。句意：影片中，贾玲是一个尽职尽责的女儿，在母亲在一场意外中突然去世后，她的世界发生了翻天覆地的变化。accident是可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且accident是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
45. 【答案】emotional 考查形容词。句意：在一种情绪危机的状态下，她发现自己神秘地回到了1981年，那时她遇到了她的母亲和她年轻时的社会群体。修饰后文名词crisis，应用形容词emotional，作定语。故填emotional。
46. 【答案】mother’s 考查名词所有格。句意：贾试图用他们未来的想法来改善母亲的生活，但她的计划一再失败。mother与life构成所属关系，应用有生命的名词所有格形式。故填mother’s。
47. 【答案】on 考查介词。句意：《你好李焕英》反应了贾玲是如何想念已故的母亲李焕英的，是她鼓励她追求自己的艺术梦想。结合句意表示“反应”可知短语为reflect on。故填on。
48. 【答案】is based 考查固定短语和时态。句意：这部电影是根据她对他们在一起时光的回忆改编的。结合句意表示“根据”可知短语为be based on，且句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为film，谓语动词用单数。故填is based。
49.【答案】 loosely 考查副词。句意：它也大致改编自一个喜剧小品。修饰后文动词adapt应用副词loosely，作状语，表示“大致地”。故填loosely。
50. 【答案】performance考查名词。句意：多亏了《你好李焕英》迄今为止的出色表现，贾樟柯已经成为中国商业上最成功的女导演。空处作宾语，结合上文名词所有格“Hi, Mom’s powerful”可知应填名词performance，表抽象概念，不可数。故填performance。
三
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Year in a Word or Two
Can anybody describe a year with only one word
Each December, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) nominates (提名) a word to describe the very year ___21___ has just passed.
2020 was a very unusual year that was really worthy ___22___ (describe) with two words. Two of the obvious words the OED suggested were “pandemic (疫情)” and “lockdown,” due to most of human activities across the globe ___23___ (bring) to a stop by the life-threatening disease. Businesses have been closed and people have had to stay in their homes for weeks or even months on end.
___24___ I would like to nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year because it is supposed to be described in a more positive and ___25___ (helpless) way, because there was a great deal of cooperation between countries and international health organizations. China took a leading role in this effort by sending masks and protective clothing to Canada, the United States and Europe, ___26___ to countries in the Middle East and Africa. Without this cooperation, the pandemic, bad ___27___ it has been, could have been much worse.
And that brings me to my second word: hope. We are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel, and, with a little “hope,” we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.
For young people, it was the first time that they ___28___ (experience) something big, a worry that they shared with their families, friends and neighbors, and a suffering ___29___ (endure) at this moment and to be endured next few weeks. And they also learned that “hope” — the belief that ___30___ you will see tomorrow will be better than today — is at the heart of every human being.
With “cooperation” and “hope,” 2021 should make for a wonderful year.
这是一篇议论文。对于2020年，《牛津英语词典》推荐用两个单词是“疫情”和“封锁”作为年度词汇，但是作者认为应该用“合作”和“希望”作为年度词汇，并解释了原因。
21. 【答案】that 考查定语从句。句意：每年12月，《牛津英语词典》(OED)都会选出一个词来描述刚刚过去的这一年。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为year，被the very修饰，所以用关系代词that。故填that。
22. 【答案】to be described 考查固定搭配。句意：2020年是非常不寻常的一年，真的可以用两个词来形容。be worthy to be done意为“值得（被做）……”，为固定搭配。故填to be described。
23. 【答案】having been brought / being brought 考查动名词和被动语态。句意：牛津英语词典推荐的两个明显的单词是“疫情”和“封锁”，因为全球范围内的大多数人类活动已经被这种威胁生命的疾病停止了。due to后应用动名词作宾语。动词bring和逻辑主语most of human activities构成被动关系，所以可用动名词的一般式的被动形式。因为大多数人类活动已经被这种威胁生命的疾病停止了这件事发生在牛津英语词典推荐这两个词之前，所以也可以用动名词的完成式的被动形式。故填having been brought或being brought。
24. 【答案】But 考查连词。句意：但是，我想提名“合作”和“希望”作为我的年度词汇，因为这应该用一种更加积极和不那么无助的方式来描述，因为各国和国际卫生组织之间进行了大量的合作。前文讲牛津英语词典推荐的两个明显的单词是“疫情”和“封锁”，后文“I would like to nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year”与之构成转折关系，且空格后没有逗号，所以应用转折词but。故填But。
25.【答案】 less helpless 考查形容词比较级。句意：但是，我想提名“合作”和“希望”作为我的年度词汇，因为这应该用一种更加积极和不那么无助的方式来描述，因为各国和国际卫生组织之间进行了大量的合作。“疫情”和“封锁”这两个词是很消极和无助的，所以“合作”和“希望”是不那么无助的。所以应用比较级less helpless。故填less helpless。
26. 【答案】as well as 考查介词短语。句意：中国在这方面发挥了主导作用，向加拿大、美国、欧洲以及中东和非洲国家运送口罩和防护服。根据前文“to Canada, the United States and Europe”可知，此处是指也向中东和非洲国家运送口罩和防护服。所以应用介词短语as well as，意为“也”。故填as well as。
27. 【答案】as / though 考查让步状语从句。句意：如果没有这种合作，大流行虽然已经很糟糕，但可能会更糟。“bad it has been”和“could have been much worse”构成转折关系，所以此处应为让步状语从句。因为“bad it has been”为部分倒装，所以表示“尽管”应用as或though。故填as或though。
28. 【答案】had experienced 考查动词时态。句意：对年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历一件大事，一件他们要与家人、朋友和邻居分享的忧虑，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下来的几周内将要忍受的痛苦。“it was the+序数词+time+that从句”句式中，that从句应使用过去完成时。故填had experienced。
29. 【答案】being endured 考查非谓语动词。句意：对年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历一件大事，一件他们要与家人、朋友和邻居分享的忧虑，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下来的几周内将要忍受的痛苦。根据at this moment可知，此处表示正在进行，所以应用现在分词。动词endure意为“忍受”，和逻辑主语suffering构成被动关系。所以应用现在分词的一般式的被动形式作后置定语。故填being endured。
30. 【答案】what考查主语从句。句意：他们还了解到，“希望”——相信你将看到的明天会比今天更好——是每个人心中的信念。在主语从句中缺少主语，且是指事情，所以应用what引导。故填what。
四
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In colleges around the country, most students are also workers.
The reality of college can be pretty different from the images _____21_____ (present) in movies and television. Instead of the students who wake up late, party all the time, and study only before exams, many colleges are full of students with pressing schedules of not just classes and activities, but real jobs, too.
This isn’t a temporary phenomenon. The share of working students _____22_____ (be) on the rise since the 1970s, and one-fifth of students work all year round. About one-quarter of those who work while _____23_____ (attend) school have both a full-course load and a full-time job. The arrangement can help pay for tuition and living costs, obviously. And there’s value in it beyond the direct cause: such jobs can also be critical____24____developing important professional and social skills that make ____25____easier to land a job after graduation. With many employers looking for students with already-developed skill sets, on-the-job training while in college can be the best way ____26____(ensure) a job later on.
But it’s not all upside. Even full-time work may not completely cover the cost of tuition and living expenses. The study notes that if a student worked a full-time job at the federal minimum wage, they would earn just over $15,000 each year, certainly not enough to pay for tuition, room, and board at many colleges without some serious financial aid. That means that _____27_____ they’re sacrificing time away from the classroom, many working students will still graduate with at least some debt. And working full time can reduce the chance ______28______ students will graduate at all, by cutting into the time available for studying and attending classes.
There is little reward for attending but not finishing college. Students ______29______ end up leaving school because of difficulty in managing work and class are likely to find themselves stuck in some of the same jobs they might have gotten if they hadn’t gone at all. The difficulty of working too much while in school can create a cycle that pushes students _______30_______ (far) into debt without receiving any of the financial or career benefits.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章提到了自上世纪70年代就出现的一种现象，大学生会一边打工一边上学，以此减轻生活负担并积累工作经验，但与此同时也因为无法兼顾工作和学业，可能导致无法毕业。
21. 【答案】presented 考查非谓语动词。句意：大学的现实可能与电影和电视中呈现的形象大不相同。名词images与present之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填presented。
22. 【答案】has been 考查时态。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，打工的学生比例一直在上升，五分之一的学生全年都在打工。根据句中时间状语since the 1970s可知，用一般现在时。主语The share of working students为单数，所以谓语动词用has。故填has been。
23. 【答案】attending 考查非谓语动词。句意：在那些一边工作一边上学的人中，约有四分之一的人既有全日制课程又有全职工作。句中逻辑主语those 与attend之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填attending。
24. 【答案】for/to 考查介词。句意：除了直接原因之外，它还有其他价值：这样的工作对于培养重要的专业技能和社会技能也很关键，从而使毕业后更容易找到工作。be critical for/to对……是重要的。故填for/to。
25.【答案】 it 考查代词。句意：除了直接原因之外，它还有其他价值：这样的工作对于培养重要的专业技能和社会技能也很关键，从而使毕业后更容易找到工作。句中用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式to land a job after graduation。故填it。
26. 【答案】to ensure 考查非谓语动词。句意：很多雇主都在寻找那些已经掌握了技能的学生，所以大学期间的在职培训是确保以后找到工作的最好方法。the way to do sth.做某事的方法。故填to ensure。
27.【答案】 though/although 考查连词。句意：这意味着，尽管他们牺牲了离开教室的时间，许多打工的学生毕业时仍会至少欠下一些债。根据句意可知，前后句之间为转折关系。故填though/although。
28. 【答案】that 考查名词性从句。句意：全职工作可能会减少学生毕业的机会，因为这会减少学生学习和上课的时间。分析句子结构可知，本句为同位语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接词that。故填that。
29. 【答案】who/that 考查定语从句。句意：那些因为难以管理工作和课堂而辍学的学生，可能会发现自己陷入了一些原本不去学校就能得到的工作中。句中先行词为students，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
30. 【答案】further考查比较级。句意：在学校工作太多的困难会造成一个恶性循环，使学生进一步陷入债务，却得不到任何经济或职业上的好处。根据句意可知，这里用副词的比较级，修饰动词push。故填further。
五
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It seems that people in western countries are becoming increasingly___41___(worry) about the side effects of drugs, and are turning to various ___42___ (treatment) such as yoga, reflexology and acupuncture (针灸) to complement, or sometimes even replace, western medicine.
___43___event in my life three or four years ago made me examine my own attitudes towards alternative medicine. After ___44___ (suffer) from insomnia (失眠) for a few months, I was feeling mentally and physically exhausted. My friend Tony, who___45___ (study) acupuncture at a college near London at the time, suggested that I visit an acupuncturist. Since I had a fear of needles, I was ___46___(willing) to take his advice. But by this time I was so tired that I was prepared to try almost anything.
I made an ___47___(appoint) with the acupuncturist in my area and turned up at his room the following morning. After taking my pulse, looking at my tongue, and asking a few questions ___48___my diet and lifestyle, the acupuncturist correctly reasoned that I was worn-out. I found this extremely impressive since he hadn't asked me ___49___ I had come to see him. He then inserted a needle in my right foot between my first and second toe, and, despite my anxiety, I fell asleep ___50___ (immediate). At the time I considered the whole experience to be close to a miracle.
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的一次针灸经历，让作者审视了自己对替代医学的态度。
41. 【答案】worried 考查非谓语动词。句意：西方国家的人们似乎越来越担心药物的副作用，并开始寻求瑜伽、反射学和针灸等各种疗法来补充，有时甚至取代西医。此处是指人们担心药物的副作用，应用过去分词worried表示“担心的”。故填worried。
42. 【答案】treatments 考查名词复数。句意：西方国家的人们似乎越来越担心药物的副作用，并开始寻求瑜伽、反射学和针灸等各种疗法来补充，有时甚至取代西医。treatment意为“疗法”，为可数名词，在various后应用复数形式。故填treatments。
43. 【答案】An 考查不定冠词。句意：三四年前的一件事让我审视了自己对替代医学的态度。此处是第一次提及event，所以应用泛指。event的开头发音为元音音素，所以应用an。故填An。
44. 【答案】suffering 考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受了几个月的失眠后，我感到身心疲惫。在介词after后应用动名词作宾语。故填suffering。
45. 【答案】was studying 考查动词时态。句意：我的朋友托尼当时正在伦敦附近的一所大学学习针灸，他建议我去看一名针灸师。根据at the time可知，此处应用过去进行时。故填was studying。
46. 【答案】unwilling 考查形容词反义词。句意：因为我害怕打针，所以我不愿意接受他的建议。根据“Since I had a fear of needles”可知，“我”不愿意接受他的建议。应用willing的反义词unwilling表示“不愿意的”。故填unwilling。
47. 【答案】appointment 考查名词。句意：我预约了我所在地区的针灸师，第二天早上去了他的房间。在冠词an后应用名词。make an appointment意为“预约”。故填appointment。
48. 【答案】about 考查介词。句意：针灸医生量了量我的脉搏，看了看我的舌头，问了几个关于我的饮食和生活方式的问题，然后正确地推断出我疲惫不堪。此处是指关于我的饮食和生活方式的问题，应用介词about表示“关于”。故填about。
49.【答案】 why 考查宾语从句。句意：我觉得这非常令人印象深刻，因为他还没有问过我为什么来见他。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且根据asked可知，此处是指询问“我”为什么来见他，所以应用连接副词why。故填why。
50.【答案】 immediately考查副词。句意：然后他在我右脚的第一个和第二个脚趾之间插了一根针，尽管我很焦虑，我还是马上睡着了。修饰动词fell，应用副词。故填immediately。
六
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A group of highly endangered Yangtze finless porpoises (江豚) was recently seen in the Yangtze River in the area of Wuhan, Hubei province, ____61____may be a result of China’s 10-year ban on fishing in the river at the beginning of the year 2020, less interference (干扰) from human ____62____(activity) or an increase in food availability.
Recorded in a short video by a local resident, the rare appearance ____63____(attract) attention online on the right day.
The finless porpoise ____64____the Baiji dolphin (Yangtze River dolphin), both members of the cetacea family and the only two aquatic mammals (水栖哺乳动物) in the river, were officially considered as “critically endangered” and placed on the red list of the ____65____(threaten) species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2013.
Among the very few porpoise species, the Yangtze finless porpoise is the only one ____66____(live) in freshwater, according to Zhang Xianfeng, an aquatic wildlife researcher at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. ____67____(it) small size and cute “smile” make it a much-loved animal in China and beyond.
“Rising water levels during the flood season together with the fishing ban ____68____(probable) contribute to this rare animal’s appearance, given that sandbanks ____69____(cover) by water and more water plants are available for fish. Without ______70______(interrupt) from human beings, the finless porpoise might be more active,” Zhang said.
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了最近在湖北武汉地区的长江中发现了一批高度濒危的长江江豚。沙洲被水覆盖，更多的水生植物可供鱼类食用，汛期水位上升和禁渔令可能是造成这种珍稀动物出现的原因。
61. 【答案】which 考查定语从句。句意：最近在湖北武汉地区的长江中发现了一批高度濒危的长江江豚，这可能是由于中国在2020年初实施了为期10年的长江禁渔令，人类活动的干扰减少或食物供应增加。分析可知，“____ may be a result of China’s 10-year ban on fishing in the river at the beginning of the year 2020…”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为之前主句，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
62. 【答案】activities 考查名词复数。句意：最近在湖北武汉地区的长江中发现了一批高度濒危的长江江豚，这可能是由于中国在2020年初实施了为期10年的长江禁渔令，人类活动的干扰减少或食物供应增加。分析可知，空前“human”为形容词，意为“人类的”，因此所填空应是名词。“activity”，可数名词，意为“活动”，结合语境可知，应用复数形式。故填activities。
63. 【答案】attracted 考查时态。句意：这是一段由当地居民拍摄的短视频，这一罕见的现象于当天在网上引起了关注。分析可知，所填动词应是句子谓语动词，结合时间状语“on the right day”可知，应是一般过去时。故填attracted。
64. 【答案】and 考查并列连词。句意：无鳍江豚和白鳍豚（长江江豚）都是鲸目动物家族的成员，也是长江中仅有的两种水生哺乳动物，被国际自然保护联盟正式认定为“极度濒危物种”，并于2013年列入濒危物种红色名录。根据后文“both members of the cetacea family(两个都是鲸目动物)”可知，此处的both应是指前文“The finless porpoise”和“the Baiji dolphin (Yangtze River dolphin)”，因此，所填空应是并列连词，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
65. 【答案】threatened 考查非谓语动词。句意：无鳍江豚和白鳍豚（长江江豚）都是鲸目动物家族的成员，也是长江中仅有的两种水生哺乳动物，被国际自然保护联盟正式认定为“极度濒危物种”，并于2013年列入濒危物种红色名录。分析可知，所填空应是空后名词“species(物种)”的定语，应用非谓语作定语，动词“threaten(威胁)”与其之间为被动关系，应是过去分词形式。故填threatened。
66. 【答案】to live · 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科学院水生生物研究所水生野生动物研究员张先锋介绍，在为数不多的江豚物种中，扬子江江豚是唯一一种生活在淡水中的江豚。分析可知，“__6_ (live) in freshwater”为之前不定代词“one”的后置定语，由the only修饰的名词或不定代词常用不定式作定语。故填to live。
67. 【答案】Its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它的小体型和可爱的“微笑”使它成为中国和世界上深受喜爱的动物。分析可知，空后“small size(小体型)”为名词短语，所填空应是形容词性物主代词作定语。故填Its。
68. 【答案】probably 考查副词。句意：考虑到沙洲被水覆盖，更多的水生植物可供鱼类食用，汛期水位上升和禁渔令可能是造成这种珍稀动物出现的原因。分析可知，所填空应是副词作状语修饰动词短语“contribute to(是……的原因)”。“probable”，形容词，意为“很可能的”，其副词形式为“probably(或许；有可能)”。故填probably。
69.【答案】 are covered 考查时态和语态。句意：考虑到沙洲被水覆盖，更多的水生植物可供鱼类食用，汛期水位上升和禁渔令可能是造成这种珍稀动物出现的原因。分析可知，在that宾语从句“that sandbanks ____9 ____ (cover) by water and more water plants are available for fish”中，and连接两个并列句，因此所填动词应是前句的谓语。结合后句“are”可知，应是一般现在时，且动词“cover(覆盖)”与主语“sandbanks(沙洲)”之间为被动关系，应是一般现在时被动：am/is/are done，主语为第三人称复数，应用are done。故填are covered。
70. 【答案】interruption考查名词。句意：“如果没有人类的干扰，江豚可能会更活跃，”张说。分析可知，空前“Without”为介词，所填空应是名词作宾语。“interrupt”，动词，意为“打扰”，其名词形式为“interruption”，意为“干扰；中断”，不可数名词。故填interruption。
七
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kenya on Tuesday launched a virtual safari (游猎） live stream campaign to present the ____56____（country) wildlife to global audiences.
Najib Balala, cabinet secretary of Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife, said in a statement that the six-week tour across the country is aimed at ensuring that the world and travelers remain ____57____ (connect) to destination Kenya even during the current COVID-19 lockdown period ____58____ there is restricted movement.
“Our international tourism business is ____59____ (complete) cut off and we still have to share destination ____60____ (memory)with travelers and that is why we are showing a virtual tour safari to connect visitors with the destination," Balala said.
He ____61____ (add)that the COVID-19 pandemic has taught players in different sectors to be more creative to keep their businesses afloat during these difficult moments.
He noted that ____62____ online tour in some of the parks and reserves across the country is aimed ____63____（ensure) that Kenya remains top of mind among visitors and investors alike.
“This campaign which begins here at the Nairobi National Park ____64____ (allow) us to document our diverse wildlife in the national parks and game reserves, thrilling adventures, beautiful lodges and unique cultures and conservation projects that Kenya has become world-famous_____65_____” Balala said.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肯尼亚发起的一场虚拟野生动物之旅的直播活动，向全球观众展示该国的野生动物。
56.【答案】 country’s 考查所有格。句意：本周二，肯尼亚发起了一场虚拟野生动物之旅的直播活动，向全球观众展示该国的野生动物。分析句子可知，空处应填所有格作定语，修饰名词wildlife。故填country’s。
57.【答案】 connected 考查过去分词。句意：旅游和野生动物部的内阁秘书 Najib Balala 在一份声明中说，即使在目前的2019冠状病毒疾病封锁期间，肯尼亚的行动仍然受到限制，为期六周的全国之旅旨在确保世界和游客仍然能够与目的地肯尼亚保持联系。分析句子可知，travelers与动词connect之间是被动关系，应使用过去分词。故填connected。
58.【答案】 when 考查连词。句意：旅游和野生动物部的内阁秘书 Najib Balala 在一份声明中说，即使在目前的2019冠状病毒疾病封锁期间，肯尼亚的行动仍然受到限制，为期六周的全国之旅旨在确保世界和游客仍然能够与目的地肯尼亚保持联系。分析句子且根据空前period可知，空处应填when，引导时间状语从句。故填when。
59. 【答案】completely 考查副词。句意：Balala说：“我们的国际旅游业务已经完全中断，我们仍然需要与旅行者分享目的地的记忆，这就是为什么我们要展示一个虚拟的旅行之旅来连接游客和目的地。”分析句子可知，应使用副词修饰动词短语cut off。故填completely。
60. 【答案】memories 考查名词复数。句意：Balala说：“我们国际旅游业务已经完全中断，我们仍然需要与旅行者分享目的地的记忆，这就是为什么我们要展示一个虚拟的旅行之旅来连接游客和目的地。”memory为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，应使用复数形式。故填memories。
61. 【答案】added 考查动词。句意：他补充说，2019冠状病毒疾病的大流行教会了不同行业的人们在这些困难时刻要更有创造力，以保持他们的生意。根据前文，Balala说话的动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时。故填added。
62.【答案】 the 考查定冠词。句意：他指出，在全国各地的一些公园和保护区进行在线旅游的目的是确保肯尼亚仍然是游客和投资者的首选。因前文已提到online tour，此处应使用定冠词表特指。故填the。
63. 【答案】to ensure 考查动词不定式。句意：他指出，在全国各地的一些公园和保护区进行在线旅游的目的是确保肯尼亚仍然是游客和投资者的首选。aim to do为固定用法，意为“旨在做某事”，空处应使用动词不定式。故填to ensure。
64. 【答案】will allow/allows 考查动词。句意：Balala说：“这项活动从肯尼亚内罗毕国家公园开始，让我们记录下肯尼亚国家公园和野生动物保护区内的各种野生动物、令人兴奋的冒险、美丽的小屋、独特的文化和保护项目，这些都使肯尼亚成为举世闻名的国家。”分析句子结构可知，空处作This campaign（第三人称单数）的谓语。且分析时态可知，既可以用一般现在时，也可以用一般将来时。故填will allow/allows。
65. 【答案】for考查介词。句意：Balala说：“这项活动从肯尼亚内罗毕国家公园开始，让我们记录下肯尼亚国家公园和野生动物保护区内的各种野生动物、令人兴奋的冒险、美丽的小屋、独特的文化和保护项目，这些都使肯尼亚成为举世闻名的国家。”be famous for为固定搭配，意为“以……而出名”。故填for。
八
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wondered ____56____ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a calculator or computer or even pencil and paper People in China have used an ancient counting tool ____57____ (perform) mathematical operations. The Chinese calculator’s name is “suanpan”, but it is known ____58____ “abacus” in English. Invented by Liu Hong, abacus is one of the symbols of Chinese people’s wisdom ____59____ (date) back to the 12th century.
Abacus has had a far-reaching influence on science and technology, language, literature, art, architecture and many ____60____ fields of China and even some areas of the world. Meanwhile, abacus has affected people’s character, such as honesty and diligence. For centuries, this simple counting device (设备) ___61___ (pass) down through different dynasties with its original design and purpose ____62____ (actual) unchanged.
The calculations can be made on it immediately, with the device storing the results in “visual storage” much like a computer display. When working with an amount of ____63____ (number), an abacus is practically faster, since it has a ____64____ (good) “keyboard” than the Western calculators. Anyway, the small abacus has made an outstanding contribution in the fields of human intellectual development, just as the computer does in today’s ____65____ (social).
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的算盘。算盘是12世纪刘洪发明的，对中国乃至世界的很多方面都产生了深远的影响。
56. 【答案】what 考查名词性从句。句意：你有没有想过，如果你没有计算器或电脑，甚至没有铅笔和纸，你会做什么来解决数学问题？ 1 you would do to solve math problems 为宾语从句，从句中do后缺少宾语，表示“什么 ”，故填what。
57. 【答案】to perform 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人使用古老的计数工具进行数学运算。短语use sth. to do sth.“使用……做……”，故填to perform。
58. 【答案】as 考查介词。句意：中国计算器的名字叫“算盘”，但在英语中它被称为“abacus”。短语be known as“被称为；被认为是”，故填as。
59.【答案】 dating 考查非谓语动词。句意：算盘能追溯到12世纪，是刘洪发明的，算盘是中国人智慧的象征之一。分析句子可知，空格前句子完整，date用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语abacus构成主动关系，应用现在分词，故填dating。
60.【答案】 other 考查形容词。句意：算盘对中国乃至世界一些地区的科技、语言、文学、艺术、建筑和许多其他的领域产生了深远的影响。此空在名词fields前，需要形容词，根据句意，空格前列举了很多领域，空格处应该指其他的领域，other表示“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的（人或物）”。故填other。
61. 【答案】has been passed 考查动词时态。句意：几个世纪以来，这种简单的计数装置在不同的朝代流传下来，它最初的设计和用途实际上没有改变。此空应是谓语动词，根据上文For centuries，可知应用现在完成时，且主语this simple counting device 与谓语动词pass构成被动关系，用被动语态，故填has been passed。
62.【答案】 actually 考查副词。句意同上。此空修饰形容词unchanged，需要副词修饰，故填actually。
63.【答案】 numbers 考查名词。句意：当处理大量的数字时，算盘实际上更快，因为它有比西方计算器更好的“键盘”。an amount of “许多；大量”，后接可数名词时，应该用复数，number为可数名词，故填numbers。
64. 【答案】better 考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than the Western calculators可知存在二者之间的比较关系，应用形容词比较级better，故填better。
65. 【答案】society考查名词。句意：无论如何，小算盘在人类智力发展领域做出了杰出的贡献，就像当今社会的计算机一样。空格前是today's名词所有格，“当今的”，后接名词作介词in的宾语，故填society。
九
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China's successful space mission which involved sending into space the core module(核心模块) of its Tianhe space station lit up Chinese social media on Thursday.
____36____ Long March-5B Y2 rocket, carrying the Tianhe module,____37____(send)up from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan Province around 1l am on Thursday. Video clips of the launch soon went viral on Chinese social media and received more than 2 million____38____(view) within one hour on Chinas Twitter-like Weibo.
Weibo was flooded with excitement and national pride. "I burst into tears____39____(watch) the launch video-We Chinese will have a 'home' in space!" one user wrote More users forwarded videos____40____(express) their love and ambitious expectations for china’s space industry.
Before Tianhe's launch, audio of a collection of pulsar signals recently captured by Fast—also known____41____China's"Sky Eye” was seen spread widely on social media____42____(early) on Thursday by excited Chinese netizens.
The launching of Tianhe and the pulsar signals captured by FAST gave Chinese people strong____43____(encourage). In today's world filled with epidemics and disasters, those____44____insist on looking up at the stars and exploring the universe are____45____(definite) the light of hope and civilization to mankind.
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国成功将天河空间站核心舱送入太空的任务在中国社交媒体上引起了轰动。
36. 【答案】The 考查定冠词。句意：周四上午11点左右，搭载天河模块的长征5b Y2火箭在海南省文昌宇宙飞船发射场发射升空。分析可知，特指长征5b Y2火箭，因此Long March-5B Y2 rocket前要加定冠词the,又由于在句首，故填The。
37. 【答案】was sent 考查时态和语态。句意：周四上午11点左右，搭载天河模块的长征5b Y2火箭在海南省文昌宇宙飞船发射场被发射升空。句子谓语动词为send，和主语The Long March-5B Y2 rocket之间为被动关系，根据时间“周四上午11点左右”，整句用一般过去时。因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was sent。
38.【答案】 views 考查名词的数。句意：发射过程的视频在一小时之内，在微博上收到两百万的评论。根据“2 million”可知，view应该用复数。故填views。
39. 【答案】watching 考查非谓语动词。句意：我泪流满面地看着发射视频，我们中国人将在太空有了一个“家”！空格前“I burst into tears”是一个完整的句子，因此空格处是非谓语动词，watch和主语I是主动关系，因此要用现在分词。故填watching。
40.【答案】 to express 考查非谓语动词。句意：更多的用户分享视频来表达他们对中国航天事业的热爱和雄心勃勃的期望。分析可知，句子谓语动词为wrote ，和express之间无连词，所以此处用非谓语，且做目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to express。
41.【答案】 as 考查介词。句意：在“天河号”发射之前，FAST（也就是中国的“天眼”）最近捕捉到的一组脉冲星信号于周四早些时候在社交媒体上被兴奋的中国网民广泛传播。表示“被称为”为固定短语be known as，在此处作状语，省略be动词。故填as。
42. 【答案】earlier 考查副词比较级。句意：在“天河号”发射之前，FAST（也就是中国的“天眼”）最近捕捉到的一组脉冲星信号于周四早些时候在社交媒体上被兴奋的中国网民广泛传播。根据Before Tianhe's launch可知，此处描述的事情是在周四之前，所以是早于周四，要用early的比较级。故填earlier。
43.【答案】 encouragement 考查名词。句意：“天河”号的发射和FAST捕捉到的脉冲星信号给了中国人民极大的鼓励。分析可知，形容词strong后修饰名词，encouragement为不可数名词，意为“鼓励”，符合题意。故填encouragement。
44. 【答案】who 考查定语从句。句意：在疫病肆虐、灾难肆虐的今天，那些坚持仰望星空、探索宇宙的人，无疑是人类希望之光和文明之光。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，且引导词在从句中做主语，所以用who引导。故填who。
45. 【答案】definitely考查副词。句意：在疫病肆虐、灾难肆虐今天，那些坚持仰望星空、探索宇宙的人，无疑是人类希望之光和文明之光。分析可知，空处为副词作状语，修饰句子，definitely意为“无疑地”，符合题意。故填definitely。
十
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the latest beauty craze (狂热) ___36___ (sweep) social media in China, women and even some men are boasting (自夸) that they are paper thin, by posting photographs of their waists behind a piece of A4 paper. To qualify, the waist must ___37___ (hide) by the paper entirely. A piece of A4 paper is 8.3 by 11.7 inches, roughly ___38___ size of a sheet of American letter paper.
With the A4 waist, the trend is attracting hundreds of photographs and thousands of comments on Weibo and other social media networks like WeChat. Being ___39___ (normally) thin is a widespread standard of beauty for women, ___40___ has been criticized as an unhealthy ideal of female attractiveness.
Several commentators have found the A4 trend ___41___ (disturb). In a telephone interview, an expert said, “I find ___42___ completely stupid. Using a single size ___43___ (define) all human beings then thinking you have created new standards ___44___ (be) foolish.” The A4 waist challenge ___45___ (annoy) him, saying that it allows certain people to gain bragging (吹嘘的) rights, while leaving others in depression.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的健美风潮席卷了中国的社交媒体，很多女士甚至还有部分男士通过上传用一张竖立的A4纸遮住自己腰部的照片，来吹嘘自己的身段窈窕如纸；而这些做法引起了很多的争议。
36. 【答案】sweeping 考查非谓语动词。句意：最新的健美风潮席卷了中国的社交媒体，很多女士甚至还有部分男士通过上传用一张竖立的A4纸遮住自己腰部的照片，来吹嘘自己的身段窈窕如纸。分析句子可知，sweep为动词，句子里不缺谓语动词，所以此处需要填非谓语动词；beauty craze为sweep的逻辑主语，它们之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词做定语。故填sweeping。
37. 【答案】be hidden 考查被动语态。句意：要达到合格，腰部必须被竖立的A4纸全部遮住。分析句子可知，the waist和hide之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，must为情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形，所以这里必须填情态动词的被动语态。故填be hidden。
38. 【答案】the 考查定冠词。句意：一张A4纸是8.3*11.7英寸，大约是一张美国信纸的大小。这里size是特指后面的a sheet of American letter paper。故填the。
39. 【答案】abnormally 考查副词。句意：不正常的瘦成了女士们认为美的广泛标准，这个标准一直被批评为不健康的女性魅力理想。thin是形容词，前面用副词修饰，做状语，并且通过上下文可知，这种瘦是反常地，所以填normally的反义词。故填abnormally。
40. 【答案】which 考查定语从句。句意：不正常的瘦成了女士们认为美的广泛标准，这个标准一直被批评为不健康的女性魅力理想。分析句子可知，standard是定语从句的先行词，指物，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中做主语成分。故填which。
41.【答案】 disturbing 考查形容词。句意：一些评论者发现瘦成A4纸腰的趋势令人不安。分析句子可知，此处需要用形容词做宾语补足语，构成句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。disturb为动词，意为“打扰，干扰”，它的形容词disturbing“令人不安的”，描述的事物性质。故填disturbing。
42.【答案】 it 考查代词。句意：我认为是非常愚蠢的。分析句子可知，此处需要宾语，构成句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补，所以此处用代词it做宾语，指代前面人们把A4纸腰作为美的标准这件事情。故填it。
43.【答案】 to define 考查非谓语动词。句意：用单一的尺寸来定义所有人类，然后认为你已经创造了新的标准，这种想法是愚蠢的。根据固定短语：use sth. to do sth.中的不定式做目的状语。故填to define。
44. 【答案】is 考查主谓一致。句意：用单一的尺寸来定义所有人类，然后认为你已经创造了新的标准，这种想法是愚蠢的。分析句子可知，Using a single size ___8___ (define) all human beings then thinking you have created new standards是动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式，并且这是引用别人的话，所以时态为一般现在时。故填is。
45.【答案】 annoyed考查时态。句意：A4纸腰挑战让他很生气，他说这种行为会让某些人获得吹嘘的权利，而让另一些人却很沮丧。根据前文可知，这是过去的一次采访，所以谓语动词应该用一般过去时。故填annoyed。
十一
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hollywood is producing one of history’s____36____ (dramatic) scenes of whale attacks by far for its upcoming blockbuster, In the Heart of the Sea.
The film, due____37____ (release) in the US in December, follows the real-life adventure of the Essex, an American whaling ship. Its crew was on the hunt for sperm whales, whose____38____ (fat) could be made into valuable whale oil. The Essex journeyed to the Pacific over the course of a year. It was there____39____ the crew met disaster.
____40____ Nov.20, 1820, they spotted a group of whales at 8 a. m. The crew quickly sailed to the area and waited. Suddenly, the surface of the water broke, as the whales____41____ (rise) for air.The hunt was on. First mate Owen Chase harpooned (用鱼叉捕获) a heavy whale, and his captain another. Later, Chase noticed____42____ third whale headed “directly” for the ship. His appearance and attitude gave no alarm at first. But moments later he struck the ship with his head. The blow “nearly threw us all on our faces”, Chase wrote. “We looked at each other with perfect____43____ (amaze).”
The Essex was starting to sink, and as crew members attempted to flee, the whale started to attack their small get-away boats. Twenty men survived, ____44____ (stick) in the middle of ocean. Short on resources, the men started to starve. Moreover, their boats got separated by the waves, and_____45_____ help finally arrived, only eight men remained.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好莱坞正在制作的大片《海洋深处》拍摄了迄今为止历史上最惊险刺激的鲸鱼袭击场景之一，这部电影讲述了美国捕鲸船埃塞克斯号的真实冒险故事。
36. 【答案】most dramatic 考查形容词最高级。句意：好莱坞正在为即将上映的大片《海洋深处》制作迄今为止历史上最惊险刺激的鲸鱼袭击场景之一。根据名词scenes可知此处要用形容词，作定语，由“one of history's”可知要用形容词最高级。故填most dramatic。
37.【答案】 to be released 考查动词不定式。句意：这部电影将于12月在美国上映，讲述了美国捕鲸船埃塞克斯号的真实冒险故事。be due to do，预定做某事，此处省略be作后置定语，release和逻辑主语The film之间是被动关系，因此要用不定式的被动式。故填to be released。
38. 【答案】fat 考查名词。句意：船上的船员是在捕抹香鲸，抹香鲸的脂肪可以制成有价值的鲸油。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，由whose可知此处要用名词，fat“脂肪”，是不可数名词。故填fat。
39. 【答案】that 考查强调句。句意：就是在那里，全体船员遭遇了灾难。分析句子可知，此句是强调句，强调句结构是is/was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他，被强调部分是there，故填that。
40. 【答案】On 考查介词。句意：1820年11月20日早上8点，他们发现了一群鲸鱼。根据Nov.20, 1820可知具体日期要用介词on，位于句首要大写。故填On。
41.【答案】 rose 考查时态。句意：突然，当鲸鱼上升呼吸空气时，水面裂开了。此句是由as连接的状语从句，主语是the whales，此处是谓语动词，由上文谓语broke可知此处时态也是一般过去时，rise的过去式是rose。故填rose。
42. 【答案】a 考查冠词。句意：后来，Chase注意到又有第三条鲸鱼“直接”朝这艘船游去。“a(n)+序数词+单数名词”表示“又、再”，third 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
43. 【答案】amazement 考查名词。句意：“我们用无比惊讶的眼神看着对方。”根据形容词perfect可知此处要用名词，作宾语，amazement“惊讶”是不可数名词。故填amazement。
44. 【答案】stuck 考查非谓语动词。句意：20个人幸存了下来，被困在海中。根据谓语动词survived可知此处要用非谓语动词，由Twenty men和stick之间是被动关系，可知要用过去分词作状语。故填stuck。
45. 【答案】when考查连词。句意：此外，他们的小船被海浪分开了，当救援最终到达时，只剩下八个人。根据“help finally arrived”可知此处要用连词when，连接时间状语从句。故填when。
语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
高频考点 谓语动词 1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词 1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词 1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词 0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类 0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
低频考点 代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题
高频考点 介词 0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词 0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词 0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。
低频考点 并列连词 0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
其他 0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did；构成部分倒装的do, does, did；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。
一、
“有提示词类”解题攻略
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
解题 攻略 若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。
典例1 While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。
典例2 Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __ __ (grow) more corn than rice. 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。
典例3 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ____ (start) a soil testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 分析：分析句子结构可知，when the government ____ (start) a soil testing program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between 2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填started。
2．考查非谓语动词
解题 攻略 若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。
典例4 You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running. 分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
典例5 Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water quality. 分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve，作目的状语。
典例6 China's approach to protecting its environment while ___ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。
典例7 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。
3．考查派生词
解题 攻略 有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
典例8 This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pollution。
典例9 This development was only possible with the ___ (introduce) of electric powered engines and lifts. 分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。
(二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词
解题 攻略 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
典例10 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___ (cause)． 分析：分析句子成分可知，from all ___ (cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填其复数形式causes。
典例11 To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。
典例12 The Central London Railway was one of the most ____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
(三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词
解题 攻略 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
典例13 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____ (long) than non runners. 分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填longer。
典例14 A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. 分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。
(四)低频考点：提示词为代词
解题 攻略 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
典例15 When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___ (they) alive. 分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。
典例16 On my recent visit, I held a lively three month old twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother. 分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。
二、“无提示词类”解题攻略
(一)高频考点之一：填介词
解题 攻略 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
典例1 My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ____ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. 分析：search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，此处指“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。故填for。
典例2 It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ____ work. 分析：travel to and from work表示“上下班”，故填from。
(二)高频考点之二：填冠词
解题 攻略 当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。
典例3 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ____ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 分析：句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。特指在过去的25年里。故填定冠词the。
典例4 Unexpectedly, I'm face to face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____ top of her lungs. 分析：固定短语at the top of“在……的顶部”，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。
(三)高频考点之三：填从属关联词
解题 攻略 当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。
典例5 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ____ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 分析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a study，并在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。
典例6 Over time, ____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 分析：根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……时候”，故填as/when。
(四)低频考点：填并列连词
解题攻略 当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。
典例7 Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water ____ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 分析：根据比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻用水量进行比较，需填连词，故填than。
一
2021新高考1卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
56. 【答案】What考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
57. 【答案】humans 考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
58. 【答案】undoubtedly 考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
59. 【答案】hotter考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
60. 【答案】astonished考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
61. 【答案】was考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
62. 【答案】and考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
63. 【答案】aching考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
64. 【答案】mine考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
65. 【答案】a考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
二
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Time travel comedy Hi, Mom opened the Lunar New Year holiday in a surprising way, and Hi, Mom____41____ (become) China’s clear favorite among the lunar new year offerings so far.____42____ (write), directed by and co-starring female filmmaker Jia Ling, Hi, Mom has received the best user review ratings.
In the movie, Jia is a devoted daughter ____43____ world is turned upside down after her mother dies suddenly in ____44____ accident. In a state of ____45____ (emotion) crisis, she finds herself mysteriously transported back to 1981, when she meets her mother and the social group of her youth. Jia attempts to improve her ____46____ (mother) life by using ideas from their future but her plans repeatedly go wrong.
Hi, Mom reflects ____47____ how Jia Ling misses her late mother Li Huanying, who encouraged her to pursue her artistic dreams. The film ____48____ (base) on her memories of their time together. It is also____49____ (loose) adapted from a comedy sketch. Thanks to Hi, Mom’s powerful _____50_____ (perform) to date, Jia has already been China’s most commercially successful female filmmaker ever.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了喜剧电影《你好李焕英》的故事情节、创作过程以及取得的成就等情况。
41. 【答案】has become考查动词时态。句意：时间旅行喜剧《你好李焕英》以一种令人惊讶的方式开启了农历新年假期，《你好李焕英》显然已经成为迄今为止中国最受欢迎的农历新年影片。根据后文so far可知应用现在完成时，主语为Hi, Mom，助动词用has。故填has become。
42. 【答案】Written 考查非谓语动词。句意：由女导演贾玲自编自导并联合主演的《你好李焕英》获得了最好的用户评价。分析句子结构可知write在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语Hi, Mom构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Written。
43. 【答案】whose考查定语从句。句意：影片中，贾玲是一个尽职尽责的女儿，在母亲在一场意外中突然去世后，她的世界发生了翻天覆地的变化。此处为定语从句修饰先行词daughter，先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
44.【答案】 an考查冠词。句意：影片中，贾玲是一个尽职尽责的女儿，在母亲在一场意外中突然去世后，她的世界发生了翻天覆地的变化。accident是可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且accident是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
45. 【答案】emotional 考查形容词。句意：在一种情绪危机的状态下，她发现自己神秘地回到了1981年，那时她遇到了她的母亲和她年轻时的社会群体。修饰后文名词crisis，应用形容词emotional，作定语。故填emotional。
46. 【答案】mother’s 考查名词所有格。句意：贾试图用他们未来的想法来改善母亲的生活，但她的计划一再失败。mother与life构成所属关系，应用有生命的名词所有格形式。故填mother’s。
47. 【答案】on 考查介词。句意：《你好李焕英》反应了贾玲是如何想念已故的母亲李焕英的，是她鼓励她追求自己的艺术梦想。结合句意表示“反应”可知短语为reflect on。故填on。
48. 【答案】is based 考查固定短语和时态。句意：这部电影是根据她对他们在一起时光的回忆改编的。结合句意表示“根据”可知短语为be based on，且句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为film，谓语动词用单数。故填is based。
49.【答案】 loosely 考查副词。句意：它也大致改编自一个喜剧小品。修饰后文动词adapt应用副词loosely，作状语，表示“大致地”。故填loosely。
50. 【答案】performance考查名词。句意：多亏了《你好李焕英》迄今为止的出色表现，贾樟柯已经成为中国商业上最成功的女导演。空处作宾语，结合上文名词所有格“Hi, Mom’s powerful”可知应填名词performance，表抽象概念，不可数。故填performance。
三
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Year in a Word or Two
Can anybody describe a year with only one word
Each December, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) nominates (提名) a word to describe the very year ___21___ has just passed.
2020 was a very unusual year that was really worthy ___22___ (describe) with two words. Two of the obvious words the OED suggested were “pandemic (疫情)” and “lockdown,” due to most of human activities across the globe ___23___ (bring) to a stop by the life-threatening disease. Businesses have been closed and people have had to stay in their homes for weeks or even months on end.
___24___ I would like to nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year because it is supposed to be described in a more positive and ___25___ (helpless) way, because there was a great deal of cooperation between countries and international health organizations. China took a leading role in this effort by sending masks and protective clothing to Canada, the United States and Europe, ___26___ to countries in the Middle East and Africa. Without this cooperation, the pandemic, bad ___27___ it has been, could have been much worse.
And that brings me to my second word: hope. We are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel, and, with a little “hope,” we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.
For young people, it was the first time that they ___28___ (experience) something big, a worry that they shared with their families, friends and neighbors, and a suffering ___29___ (endure) at this moment and to be endured next few weeks. And they also learned that “hope” — the belief that ___30___ you will see tomorrow will be better than today — is at the heart of every human being.
With “cooperation” and “hope,” 2021 should make for a wonderful year.
这是一篇议论文。对于2020年，《牛津英语词典》推荐用两个单词是“疫情”和“封锁”作为年度词汇，但是作者认为应该用“合作”和“希望”作为年度词汇，并解释了原因。
21. 【答案】that 考查定语从句。句意：每年12月，《牛津英语词典》(OED)都会选出一个词来描述刚刚过去的这一年。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为year，被the very修饰，所以用关系代词that。故填that。
22. 【答案】to be described 考查固定搭配。句意：2020年是非常不寻常的一年，真的可以用两个词来形容。be worthy to be done意为“值得（被做）……”，为固定搭配。故填to be described。
23. 【答案】having been brought / being brought 考查动名词和被动语态。句意：牛津英语词典推荐的两个明显的单词是“疫情”和“封锁”，因为全球范围内的大多数人类活动已经被这种威胁生命的疾病停止了。due to后应用动名词作宾语。动词bring和逻辑主语most of human activities构成被动关系，所以可用动名词的一般式的被动形式。因为大多数人类活动已经被这种威胁生命的疾病停止了这件事发生在牛津英语词典推荐这两个词之前，所以也可以用动名词的完成式的被动形式。故填having been brought或being brought。
24. 【答案】But 考查连词。句意：但是，我想提名“合作”和“希望”作为我的年度词汇，因为这应该用一种更加积极和不那么无助的方式来描述，因为各国和国际卫生组织之间进行了大量的合作。前文讲牛津英语词典推荐的两个明显的单词是“疫情”和“封锁”，后文“I would like to nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year”与之构成转折关系，且空格后没有逗号，所以应用转折词but。故填But。
25.【答案】 less helpless 考查形容词比较级。句意：但是，我想提名“合作”和“希望”作为我的年度词汇，因为这应该用一种更加积极和不那么无助的方式来描述，因为各国和国际卫生组织之间进行了大量的合作。“疫情”和“封锁”这两个词是很消极和无助的，所以“合作”和“希望”是不那么无助的。所以应用比较级less helpless。故填less helpless。
26. 【答案】as well as 考查介词短语。句意：中国在这方面发挥了主导作用，向加拿大、美国、欧洲以及中东和非洲国家运送口罩和防护服。根据前文“to Canada, the United States and Europe”可知，此处是指也向中东和非洲国家运送口罩和防护服。所以应用介词短语as well as，意为“也”。故填as well as。
27. 【答案】as / though 考查让步状语从句。句意：如果没有这种合作，大流行虽然已经很糟糕，但可能会更糟。“bad it has been”和“could have been much worse”构成转折关系，所以此处应为让步状语从句。因为“bad it has been”为部分倒装，所以表示“尽管”应用as或though。故填as或though。
28. 【答案】had experienced 考查动词时态。句意：对年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历一件大事，一件他们要与家人、朋友和邻居分享的忧虑，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下来的几周内将要忍受的痛苦。“it was the+序数词+time+that从句”句式中，that从句应使用过去完成时。故填had experienced。
29. 【答案】being endured 考查非谓语动词。句意：对年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历一件大事，一件他们要与家人、朋友和邻居分享的忧虑，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下来的几周内将要忍受的痛苦。根据at this moment可知，此处表示正在进行，所以应用现在分词。动词endure意为“忍受”，和逻辑主语suffering构成被动关系。所以应用现在分词的一般式的被动形式作后置定语。故填being endured。
30. 【答案】what考查主语从句。句意：他们还了解到，“希望”——相信你将看到的明天会比今天更好——是每个人心中的信念。在主语从句中缺少主语，且是指事情，所以应用what引导。故填what。
四
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In colleges around the country, most students are also workers.
The reality of college can be pretty different from the images _____21_____ (present) in movies and television. Instead of the students who wake up late, party all the time, and study only before exams, many colleges are full of students with pressing schedules of not just classes and activities, but real jobs, too.
This isn’t a temporary phenomenon. The share of working students _____22_____ (be) on the rise since the 1970s, and one-fifth of students work all year round. About one-quarter of those who work while _____23_____ (attend) school have both a full-course load and a full-time job. The arrangement can help pay for tuition and living costs, obviously. And there’s value in it beyond the direct cause: such jobs can also be critical____24____developing important professional and social skills that make ____25____easier to land a job after graduation. With many employers looking for students with already-developed skill sets, on-the-job training while in college can be the best way ____26____(ensure) a job later on.
But it’s not all upside. Even full-time work may not completely cover the cost of tuition and living expenses. The study notes that if a student worked a full-time job at the federal minimum wage, they would earn just over $15,000 each year, certainly not enough to pay for tuition, room, and board at many colleges without some serious financial aid. That means that _____27_____ they’re sacrificing time away from the classroom, many working students will still graduate with at least some debt. And working full time can reduce the chance ______28______ students will graduate at all, by cutting into the time available for studying and attending classes.
There is little reward for attending but not finishing college. Students ______29______ end up leaving school because of difficulty in managing work and class are likely to find themselves stuck in some of the same jobs they might have gotten if they hadn’t gone at all. The difficulty of working too much while in school can create a cycle that pushes students _______30_______ (far) into debt without receiving any of the financial or career benefits.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章提到了自上世纪70年代就出现的一种现象，大学生会一边打工一边上学，以此减轻生活负担并积累工作经验，但与此同时也因为无法兼顾工作和学业，可能导致无法毕业。
21. 【答案】presented 考查非谓语动词。句意：大学的现实可能与电影和电视中呈现的形象大不相同。名词images与present之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填presented。
22. 【答案】has been 考查时态。句意：自20世纪70年代以来，打工的学生比例一直在上升，五分之一的学生全年都在打工。根据句中时间状语since the 1970s可知，用一般现在时。主语The share of working students为单数，所以谓语动词用has。故填has been。
23. 【答案】attending 考查非谓语动词。句意：在那些一边工作一边上学的人中，约有四分之一的人既有全日制课程又有全职工作。句中逻辑主语those 与attend之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填attending。
24. 【答案】for/to 考查介词。句意：除了直接原因之外，它还有其他价值：这样的工作对于培养重要的专业技能和社会技能也很关键，从而使毕业后更容易找到工作。be critical for/to对……是重要的。故填for/to。
25.【答案】 it 考查代词。句意：除了直接原因之外，它还有其他价值：这样的工作对于培养重要的专业技能和社会技能也很关键，从而使毕业后更容易找到工作。句中用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式to land a job after graduation。故填it。
26. 【答案】to ensure 考查非谓语动词。句意：很多雇主都在寻找那些已经掌握了技能的学生，所以大学期间的在职培训是确保以后找到工作的最好方法。the way to do sth.做某事的方法。故填to ensure。
27.【答案】 though/although 考查连词。句意：这意味着，尽管他们牺牲了离开教室的时间，许多打工的学生毕业时仍会至少欠下一些债。根据句意可知，前后句之间为转折关系。故填though/although。
28. 【答案】that 考查名词性从句。句意：全职工作可能会减少学生毕业的机会，因为这会减少学生学习和上课的时间。分析句子结构可知，本句为同位语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接词that。故填that。
29. 【答案】who/that 考查定语从句。句意：那些因为难以管理工作和课堂而辍学的学生，可能会发现自己陷入了一些原本不去学校就能得到的工作中。句中先行词为students，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
30. 【答案】further考查比较级。句意：在学校工作太多的困难会造成一个恶性循环，使学生进一步陷入债务，却得不到任何经济或职业上的好处。根据句意可知，这里用副词的比较级，修饰动词push。故填further。
五
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It seems that people in western countries are becoming increasingly___41___(worry) about the side effects of drugs, and are turning to various ___42___ (treatment) such as yoga, reflexology and acupuncture (针灸) to complement, or sometimes even replace, western medicine.
___43___event in my life three or four years ago made me examine my own attitudes towards alternative medicine. After ___44___ (suffer) from insomnia (失眠) for a few months, I was feeling mentally and physically exhausted. My friend Tony, who___45___ (study) acupuncture at a college near London at the time, suggested that I visit an acupuncturist. Since I had a fear of needles, I was ___46___(willing) to take his advice. But by this time I was so tired that I was prepared to try almost anything.
I made an ___47___(appoint) with the acupuncturist in my area and turned up at his room the following morning. After taking my pulse, looking at my tongue, and asking a few questions ___48___my diet and lifestyle, the acupuncturist correctly reasoned that I was worn-out. I found this extremely impressive since he hadn't asked me ___49___ I had come to see him. He then inserted a needle in my right foot between my first and second toe, and, despite my anxiety, I fell asleep ___50___ (immediate). At the time I considered the whole experience to be close to a miracle.
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的一次针灸经历，让作者审视了自己对替代医学的态度。
41. 【答案】worried 考查非谓语动词。句意：西方国家的人们似乎越来越担心药物的副作用，并开始寻求瑜伽、反射学和针灸等各种疗法来补充，有时甚至取代西医。此处是指人们担心药物的副作用，应用过去分词worried表示“担心的”。故填worried。
42. 【答案】treatments 考查名词复数。句意：西方国家的人们似乎越来越担心药物的副作用，并开始寻求瑜伽、反射学和针灸等各种疗法来补充，有时甚至取代西医。treatment意为“疗法”，为可数名词，在various后应用复数形式。故填treatments。
43. 【答案】An 考查不定冠词。句意：三四年前的一件事让我审视了自己对替代医学的态度。此处是第一次提及event，所以应用泛指。event的开头发音为元音音素，所以应用an。故填An。
44. 【答案】suffering 考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受了几个月的失眠后，我感到身心疲惫。在介词after后应用动名词作宾语。故填suffering。
45. 【答案】was studying 考查动词时态。句意：我的朋友托尼当时正在伦敦附近的一所大学学习针灸，他建议我去看一名针灸师。根据at the time可知，此处应用过去进行时。故填was studying。
46. 【答案】unwilling 考查形容词反义词。句意：因为我害怕打针，所以我不愿意接受他的建议。根据“Since I had a fear of needles”可知，“我”不愿意接受他的建议。应用willing的反义词unwilling表示“不愿意的”。故填unwilling。
47. 【答案】appointment 考查名词。句意：我预约了我所在地区的针灸师，第二天早上去了他的房间。在冠词an后应用名词。make an appointment意为“预约”。故填appointment。
48. 【答案】about 考查介词。句意：针灸医生量了量我的脉搏，看了看我的舌头，问了几个关于我的饮食和生活方式的问题，然后正确地推断出我疲惫不堪。此处是指关于我的饮食和生活方式的问题，应用介词about表示“关于”。故填about。
49.【答案】 why 考查宾语从句。句意：我觉得这非常令人印象深刻，因为他还没有问过我为什么来见他。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且根据asked可知，此处是指询问“我”为什么来见他，所以应用连接副词why。故填why。
50.【答案】 immediately考查副词。句意：然后他在我右脚的第一个和第二个脚趾之间插了一根针，尽管我很焦虑，我还是马上睡着了。修饰动词fell，应用副词。故填immediately。
六
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A group of highly endangered Yangtze finless porpoises (江豚) was recently seen in the Yangtze River in the area of Wuhan, Hubei province, ____61____may be a result of China’s 10-year ban on fishing in the river at the beginning of the year 2020, less interference (干扰) from human ____62____(activity) or an increase in food availability.
Recorded in a short video by a local resident, the rare appearance ____63____(attract) attention online on the right day.
The finless porpoise ____64____the Baiji dolphin (Yangtze River dolphin), both members of the cetacea family and the only two aquatic mammals (水栖哺乳动物) in the river, were officially considered as “critically endangered” and placed on the red list of the ____65____(threaten) species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2013.
Among the very few porpoise species, the Yangtze finless porpoise is the only one ____66____(live) in freshwater, according to Zhang Xianfeng, an aquatic wildlife researcher at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. ____67____(it) small size and cute “smile” make it a much-loved animal in China and beyond.
“Rising water levels during the flood season together with the fishing ban ____68____(probable) contribute to this rare animal’s appearance, given that sandbanks ____69____(cover) by water and more water plants are available for fish. Without ______70______(interrupt) from human beings, the finless porpoise might be more active,” Zhang said.
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了最近在湖北武汉地区的长江中发现了一批高度濒危的长江江豚。沙洲被水覆盖，更多的水生植物可供鱼类食用，汛期水位上升和禁渔令可能是造成这种珍稀动物出现的原因。
61. 【答案】which 考查定语从句。句意：最近在湖北武汉地区的长江中发现了一批高度濒危的长江江豚，这可能是由于中国在2020年初实施了为期10年的长江禁渔令，人类活动的干扰减少或食物供应增加。分析可知，“____ may be a result of China’s 10-year ban on fishing in the river at the beginning of the year 2020…”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为之前主句，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
62. 【答案】activities 考查名词复数。句意：最近在湖北武汉地区的长江中发现了一批高度濒危的长江江豚，这可能是由于中国在2020年初实施了为期10年的长江禁渔令，人类活动的干扰减少或食物供应增加。分析可知，空前“human”为形容词，意为“人类的”，因此所填空应是名词。“activity”，可数名词，意为“活动”，结合语境可知，应用复数形式。故填activities。
63. 【答案】attracted 考查时态。句意：这是一段由当地居民拍摄的短视频，这一罕见的现象于当天在网上引起了关注。分析可知，所填动词应是句子谓语动词，结合时间状语“on the right day”可知，应是一般过去时。故填attracted。
64. 【答案】and 考查并列连词。句意：无鳍江豚和白鳍豚（长江江豚）都是鲸目动物家族的成员，也是长江中仅有的两种水生哺乳动物，被国际自然保护联盟正式认定为“极度濒危物种”，并于2013年列入濒危物种红色名录。根据后文“both members of the cetacea family(两个都是鲸目动物)”可知，此处的both应是指前文“The finless porpoise”和“the Baiji dolphin (Yangtze River dolphin)”，因此，所填空应是并列连词，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
65. 【答案】threatened 考查非谓语动词。句意：无鳍江豚和白鳍豚（长江江豚）都是鲸目动物家族的成员，也是长江中仅有的两种水生哺乳动物，被国际自然保护联盟正式认定为“极度濒危物种”，并于2013年列入濒危物种红色名录。分析可知，所填空应是空后名词“species(物种)”的定语，应用非谓语作定语，动词“threaten(威胁)”与其之间为被动关系，应是过去分词形式。故填threatened。
66. 【答案】to live · 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科学院水生生物研究所水生野生动物研究员张先锋介绍，在为数不多的江豚物种中，扬子江江豚是唯一一种生活在淡水中的江豚。分析可知，“__6_ (live) in freshwater”为之前不定代词“one”的后置定语，由the only修饰的名词或不定代词常用不定式作定语。故填to live。
67. 【答案】Its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它的小体型和可爱的“微笑”使它成为中国和世界上深受喜爱的动物。分析可知，空后“small size(小体型)”为名词短语，所填空应是形容词性物主代词作定语。故填Its。
68. 【答案】probably 考查副词。句意：考虑到沙洲被水覆盖，更多的水生植物可供鱼类食用，汛期水位上升和禁渔令可能是造成这种珍稀动物出现的原因。分析可知，所填空应是副词作状语修饰动词短语“contribute to(是……的原因)”。“probable”，形容词，意为“很可能的”，其副词形式为“probably(或许；有可能)”。故填probably。
69.【答案】 are covered 考查时态和语态。句意：考虑到沙洲被水覆盖，更多的水生植物可供鱼类食用，汛期水位上升和禁渔令可能是造成这种珍稀动物出现的原因。分析可知，在that宾语从句“that sandbanks ____9 ____ (cover) by water and more water plants are available for fish”中，and连接两个并列句，因此所填动词应是前句的谓语。结合后句“are”可知，应是一般现在时，且动词“cover(覆盖)”与主语“sandbanks(沙洲)”之间为被动关系，应是一般现在时被动：am/is/are done，主语为第三人称复数，应用are done。故填are covered。
70. 【答案】interruption考查名词。句意：“如果没有人类的干扰，江豚可能会更活跃，”张说。分析可知，空前“Without”为介词，所填空应是名词作宾语。“interrupt”，动词，意为“打扰”，其名词形式为“interruption”，意为“干扰；中断”，不可数名词。故填interruption。
七
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kenya on Tuesday launched a virtual safari (游猎） live stream campaign to present the ____56____（country) wildlife to global audiences.
Najib Balala, cabinet secretary of Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife, said in a statement that the six-week tour across the country is aimed at ensuring that the world and travelers remain ____57____ (connect) to destination Kenya even during the current COVID-19 lockdown period ____58____ there is restricted movement.
“Our international tourism business is ____59____ (complete) cut off and we still have to share destination ____60____ (memory)with travelers and that is why we are showing a virtual tour safari to connect visitors with the destination," Balala said.
He ____61____ (add)that the COVID-19 pandemic has taught players in different sectors to be more creative to keep their businesses afloat during these difficult moments.
He noted that ____62____ online tour in some of the parks and reserves across the country is aimed ____63____（ensure) that Kenya remains top of mind among visitors and investors alike.
“This campaign which begins here at the Nairobi National Park ____64____ (allow) us to document our diverse wildlife in the national parks and game reserves, thrilling adventures, beautiful lodges and unique cultures and conservation projects that Kenya has become world-famous_____65_____” Balala said.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肯尼亚发起的一场虚拟野生动物之旅的直播活动，向全球观众展示该国的野生动物。
56.【答案】 country’s 考查所有格。句意：本周二，肯尼亚发起了一场虚拟野生动物之旅的直播活动，向全球观众展示该国的野生动物。分析句子可知，空处应填所有格作定语，修饰名词wildlife。故填country’s。
57.【答案】 connected 考查过去分词。句意：旅游和野生动物部的内阁秘书 Najib Balala 在一份声明中说，即使在目前的2019冠状病毒疾病封锁期间，肯尼亚的行动仍然受到限制，为期六周的全国之旅旨在确保世界和游客仍然能够与目的地肯尼亚保持联系。分析句子可知，travelers与动词connect之间是被动关系，应使用过去分词。故填connected。
58.【答案】 when 考查连词。句意：旅游和野生动物部的内阁秘书 Najib Balala 在一份声明中说，即使在目前的2019冠状病毒疾病封锁期间，肯尼亚的行动仍然受到限制，为期六周的全国之旅旨在确保世界和游客仍然能够与目的地肯尼亚保持联系。分析句子且根据空前period可知，空处应填when，引导时间状语从句。故填when。
59. 【答案】completely 考查副词。句意：Balala说：“我们的国际旅游业务已经完全中断，我们仍然需要与旅行者分享目的地的记忆，这就是为什么我们要展示一个虚拟的旅行之旅来连接游客和目的地。”分析句子可知，应使用副词修饰动词短语cut off。故填completely。
60. 【答案】memories 考查名词复数。句意：Balala说：“我们国际旅游业务已经完全中断，我们仍然需要与旅行者分享目的地的记忆，这就是为什么我们要展示一个虚拟的旅行之旅来连接游客和目的地。”memory为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，应使用复数形式。故填memories。
61. 【答案】added 考查动词。句意：他补充说，2019冠状病毒疾病的大流行教会了不同行业的人们在这些困难时刻要更有创造力，以保持他们的生意。根据前文，Balala说话的动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时。故填added。
62.【答案】 the 考查定冠词。句意：他指出，在全国各地的一些公园和保护区进行在线旅游的目的是确保肯尼亚仍然是游客和投资者的首选。因前文已提到online tour，此处应使用定冠词表特指。故填the。
63. 【答案】to ensure 考查动词不定式。句意：他指出，在全国各地的一些公园和保护区进行在线旅游的目的是确保肯尼亚仍然是游客和投资者的首选。aim to do为固定用法，意为“旨在做某事”，空处应使用动词不定式。故填to ensure。
64. 【答案】will allow/allows 考查动词。句意：Balala说：“这项活动从肯尼亚内罗毕国家公园开始，让我们记录下肯尼亚国家公园和野生动物保护区内的各种野生动物、令人兴奋的冒险、美丽的小屋、独特的文化和保护项目，这些都使肯尼亚成为举世闻名的国家。”分析句子结构可知，空处作This campaign（第三人称单数）的谓语。且分析时态可知，既可以用一般现在时，也可以用一般将来时。故填will allow/allows。
65. 【答案】for考查介词。句意：Balala说：“这项活动从肯尼亚内罗毕国家公园开始，让我们记录下肯尼亚国家公园和野生动物保护区内的各种野生动物、令人兴奋的冒险、美丽的小屋、独特的文化和保护项目，这些都使肯尼亚成为举世闻名的国家。”be famous for为固定搭配，意为“以……而出名”。故填for。
八
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wondered ____56____ you would do to solve math problems if you didn’t have a calculator or computer or even pencil and paper People in China have used an ancient counting tool ____57____ (perform) mathematical operations. The Chinese calculator’s name is “suanpan”, but it is known ____58____ “abacus” in English. Invented by Liu Hong, abacus is one of the symbols of Chinese people’s wisdom ____59____ (date) back to the 12th century.
Abacus has had a far-reaching influence on science and technology, language, literature, art, architecture and many ____60____ fields of China and even some areas of the world. Meanwhile, abacus has affected people’s character, such as honesty and diligence. For centuries, this simple counting device (设备) ___61___ (pass) down through different dynasties with its original design and purpose ____62____ (actual) unchanged.
The calculations can be made on it immediately, with the device storing the results in “visual storage” much like a computer display. When working with an amount of ____63____ (number), an abacus is practically faster, since it has a ____64____ (good) “keyboard” than the Western calculators. Anyway, the small abacus has made an outstanding contribution in the fields of human intellectual development, just as the computer does in today’s ____65____ (social).
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的算盘。算盘是12世纪刘洪发明的，对中国乃至世界的很多方面都产生了深远的影响。
56. 【答案】what 考查名词性从句。句意：你有没有想过，如果你没有计算器或电脑，甚至没有铅笔和纸，你会做什么来解决数学问题？ 1 you would do to solve math problems 为宾语从句，从句中do后缺少宾语，表示“什么 ”，故填what。
57. 【答案】to perform 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人使用古老的计数工具进行数学运算。短语use sth. to do sth.“使用……做……”，故填to perform。
58. 【答案】as 考查介词。句意：中国计算器的名字叫“算盘”，但在英语中它被称为“abacus”。短语be known as“被称为；被认为是”，故填as。
59.【答案】 dating 考查非谓语动词。句意：算盘能追溯到12世纪，是刘洪发明的，算盘是中国人智慧的象征之一。分析句子可知，空格前句子完整，date用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语abacus构成主动关系，应用现在分词，故填dating。
60.【答案】 other 考查形容词。句意：算盘对中国乃至世界一些地区的科技、语言、文学、艺术、建筑和许多其他的领域产生了深远的影响。此空在名词fields前，需要形容词，根据句意，空格前列举了很多领域，空格处应该指其他的领域，other表示“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的（人或物）”。故填other。
61. 【答案】has been passed 考查动词时态。句意：几个世纪以来，这种简单的计数装置在不同的朝代流传下来，它最初的设计和用途实际上没有改变。此空应是谓语动词，根据上文For centuries，可知应用现在完成时，且主语this simple counting device 与谓语动词pass构成被动关系，用被动语态，故填has been passed。
62.【答案】 actually 考查副词。句意同上。此空修饰形容词unchanged，需要副词修饰，故填actually。
63.【答案】 numbers 考查名词。句意：当处理大量的数字时，算盘实际上更快，因为它有比西方计算器更好的“键盘”。an amount of “许多；大量”，后接可数名词时，应该用复数，number为可数名词，故填numbers。
64. 【答案】better 考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than the Western calculators可知存在二者之间的比较关系，应用形容词比较级better，故填better。
65. 【答案】society考查名词。句意：无论如何，小算盘在人类智力发展领域做出了杰出的贡献，就像当今社会的计算机一样。空格前是today's名词所有格，“当今的”，后接名词作介词in的宾语，故填society。
九
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China's successful space mission which involved sending into space the core module(核心模块) of its Tianhe space station lit up Chinese social media on Thursday.
____36____ Long March-5B Y2 rocket, carrying the Tianhe module,____37____(send)up from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan Province around 1l am on Thursday. Video clips of the launch soon went viral on Chinese social media and received more than 2 million____38____(view) within one hour on Chinas Twitter-like Weibo.
Weibo was flooded with excitement and national pride. "I burst into tears____39____(watch) the launch video-We Chinese will have a 'home' in space!" one user wrote More users forwarded videos____40____(express) their love and ambitious expectations for china’s space industry.
Before Tianhe's launch, audio of a collection of pulsar signals recently captured by Fast—also known____41____China's"Sky Eye” was seen spread widely on social media____42____(early) on Thursday by excited Chinese netizens.
The launching of Tianhe and the pulsar signals captured by FAST gave Chinese people strong____43____(encourage). In today's world filled with epidemics and disasters, those____44____insist on looking up at the stars and exploring the universe are____45____(definite) the light of hope and civilization to mankind.
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国成功将天河空间站核心舱送入太空的任务在中国社交媒体上引起了轰动。
36. 【答案】The 考查定冠词。句意：周四上午11点左右，搭载天河模块的长征5b Y2火箭在海南省文昌宇宙飞船发射场发射升空。分析可知，特指长征5b Y2火箭，因此Long March-5B Y2 rocket前要加定冠词the,又由于在句首，故填The。
37. 【答案】was sent 考查时态和语态。句意：周四上午11点左右，搭载天河模块的长征5b Y2火箭在海南省文昌宇宙飞船发射场被发射升空。句子谓语动词为send，和主语The Long March-5B Y2 rocket之间为被动关系，根据时间“周四上午11点左右”，整句用一般过去时。因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was sent。
38.【答案】 views 考查名词的数。句意：发射过程的视频在一小时之内，在微博上收到两百万的评论。根据“2 million”可知，view应该用复数。故填views。
39. 【答案】watching 考查非谓语动词。句意：我泪流满面地看着发射视频，我们中国人将在太空有了一个“家”！空格前“I burst into tears”是一个完整的句子，因此空格处是非谓语动词，watch和主语I是主动关系，因此要用现在分词。故填watching。
40.【答案】 to express 考查非谓语动词。句意：更多的用户分享视频来表达他们对中国航天事业的热爱和雄心勃勃的期望。分析可知，句子谓语动词为wrote ，和express之间无连词，所以此处用非谓语，且做目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to express。
41.【答案】 as 考查介词。句意：在“天河号”发射之前，FAST（也就是中国的“天眼”）最近捕捉到的一组脉冲星信号于周四早些时候在社交媒体上被兴奋的中国网民广泛传播。表示“被称为”为固定短语be known as，在此处作状语，省略be动词。故填as。
42. 【答案】earlier 考查副词比较级。句意：在“天河号”发射之前，FAST（也就是中国的“天眼”）最近捕捉到的一组脉冲星信号于周四早些时候在社交媒体上被兴奋的中国网民广泛传播。根据Before Tianhe's launch可知，此处描述的事情是在周四之前，所以是早于周四，要用early的比较级。故填earlier。
43.【答案】 encouragement 考查名词。句意：“天河”号的发射和FAST捕捉到的脉冲星信号给了中国人民极大的鼓励。分析可知，形容词strong后修饰名词，encouragement为不可数名词，意为“鼓励”，符合题意。故填encouragement。
44. 【答案】who 考查定语从句。句意：在疫病肆虐、灾难肆虐的今天，那些坚持仰望星空、探索宇宙的人，无疑是人类希望之光和文明之光。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，且引导词在从句中做主语，所以用who引导。故填who。
45. 【答案】definitely考查副词。句意：在疫病肆虐、灾难肆虐今天，那些坚持仰望星空、探索宇宙的人，无疑是人类希望之光和文明之光。分析可知，空处为副词作状语，修饰句子，definitely意为“无疑地”，符合题意。故填definitely。
十
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the latest beauty craze (狂热) ___36___ (sweep) social media in China, women and even some men are boasting (自夸) that they are paper thin, by posting photographs of their waists behind a piece of A4 paper. To qualify, the waist must ___37___ (hide) by the paper entirely. A piece of A4 paper is 8.3 by 11.7 inches, roughly ___38___ size of a sheet of American letter paper.
With the A4 waist, the trend is attracting hundreds of photographs and thousands of comments on Weibo and other social media networks like WeChat. Being ___39___ (normally) thin is a widespread standard of beauty for women, ___40___ has been criticized as an unhealthy ideal of female attractiveness.
Several commentators have found the A4 trend ___41___ (disturb). In a telephone interview, an expert said, “I find ___42___ completely stupid. Using a single size ___43___ (define) all human beings then thinking you have created new standards ___44___ (be) foolish.” The A4 waist challenge ___45___ (annoy) him, saying that it allows certain people to gain bragging (吹嘘的) rights, while leaving others in depression.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的健美风潮席卷了中国的社交媒体，很多女士甚至还有部分男士通过上传用一张竖立的A4纸遮住自己腰部的照片，来吹嘘自己的身段窈窕如纸；而这些做法引起了很多的争议。
36. 【答案】sweeping 考查非谓语动词。句意：最新的健美风潮席卷了中国的社交媒体，很多女士甚至还有部分男士通过上传用一张竖立的A4纸遮住自己腰部的照片，来吹嘘自己的身段窈窕如纸。分析句子可知，sweep为动词，句子里不缺谓语动词，所以此处需要填非谓语动词；beauty craze为sweep的逻辑主语，它们之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词做定语。故填sweeping。
37. 【答案】be hidden 考查被动语态。句意：要达到合格，腰部必须被竖立的A4纸全部遮住。分析句子可知，the waist和hide之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，must为情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形，所以这里必须填情态动词的被动语态。故填be hidden。
38. 【答案】the 考查定冠词。句意：一张A4纸是8.3*11.7英寸，大约是一张美国信纸的大小。这里size是特指后面的a sheet of American letter paper。故填the。
39. 【答案】abnormally 考查副词。句意：不正常的瘦成了女士们认为美的广泛标准，这个标准一直被批评为不健康的女性魅力理想。thin是形容词，前面用副词修饰，做状语，并且通过上下文可知，这种瘦是反常地，所以填normally的反义词。故填abnormally。
40. 【答案】which 考查定语从句。句意：不正常的瘦成了女士们认为美的广泛标准，这个标准一直被批评为不健康的女性魅力理想。分析句子可知，standard是定语从句的先行词，指物，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中做主语成分。故填which。
41.【答案】 disturbing 考查形容词。句意：一些评论者发现瘦成A4纸腰的趋势令人不安。分析句子可知，此处需要用形容词做宾语补足语，构成句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。disturb为动词，意为“打扰，干扰”，它的形容词disturbing“令人不安的”，描述的事物性质。故填disturbing。
42.【答案】 it 考查代词。句意：我认为是非常愚蠢的。分析句子可知，此处需要宾语，构成句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补，所以此处用代词it做宾语，指代前面人们把A4纸腰作为美的标准这件事情。故填it。
43.【答案】 to define 考查非谓语动词。句意：用单一的尺寸来定义所有人类，然后认为你已经创造了新的标准，这种想法是愚蠢的。根据固定短语：use sth. to do sth.中的不定式做目的状语。故填to define。
44. 【答案】is 考查主谓一致。句意：用单一的尺寸来定义所有人类，然后认为你已经创造了新的标准，这种想法是愚蠢的。分析句子可知，Using a single size ___8___ (define) all human beings then thinking you have created new standards是动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式，并且这是引用别人的话，所以时态为一般现在时。故填is。
45.【答案】 annoyed考查时态。句意：A4纸腰挑战让他很生气，他说这种行为会让某些人获得吹嘘的权利，而让另一些人却很沮丧。根据前文可知，这是过去的一次采访，所以谓语动词应该用一般过去时。故填annoyed。
十一
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hollywood is producing one of history’s____36____ (dramatic) scenes of whale attacks by far for its upcoming blockbuster, In the Heart of the Sea.
The film, due____37____ (release) in the US in December, follows the real-life adventure of the Essex, an American whaling ship. Its crew was on the hunt for sperm whales, whose____38____ (fat) could be made into valuable whale oil. The Essex journeyed to the Pacific over the course of a year. It was there____39____ the crew met disaster.
____40____ Nov.20, 1820, they spotted a group of whales at 8 a. m. The crew quickly sailed to the area and waited. Suddenly, the surface of the water broke, as the whales____41____ (rise) for air.The hunt was on. First mate Owen Chase harpooned (用鱼叉捕获) a heavy whale, and his captain another. Later, Chase noticed____42____ third whale headed “directly” for the ship. His appearance and attitude gave no alarm at first. But moments later he struck the ship with his head. The blow “nearly threw us all on our faces”, Chase wrote. “We looked at each other with perfect____43____ (amaze).”
The Essex was starting to sink, and as crew members attempted to flee, the whale started to attack their small get-away boats. Twenty men survived, ____44____ (stick) in the middle of ocean. Short on resources, the men started to starve. Moreover, their boats got separated by the waves, and_____45_____ help finally arrived, only eight men remained.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好莱坞正在制作的大片《海洋深处》拍摄了迄今为止历史上最惊险刺激的鲸鱼袭击场景之一，这部电影讲述了美国捕鲸船埃塞克斯号的真实冒险故事。
36. 【答案】most dramatic 考查形容词最高级。句意：好莱坞正在为即将上映的大片《海洋深处》制作迄今为止历史上最惊险刺激的鲸鱼袭击场景之一。根据名词scenes可知此处要用形容词，作定语，由“one of history's”可知要用形容词最高级。故填most dramatic。
37.【答案】 to be released 考查动词不定式。句意：这部电影将于12月在美国上映，讲述了美国捕鲸船埃塞克斯号的真实冒险故事。be due to do，预定做某事，此处省略be作后置定语，release和逻辑主语The film之间是被动关系，因此要用不定式的被动式。故填to be released。
38. 【答案】fat 考查名词。句意：船上的船员是在捕抹香鲸，抹香鲸的脂肪可以制成有价值的鲸油。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，由whose可知此处要用名词，fat“脂肪”，是不可数名词。故填fat。
39. 【答案】that 考查强调句。句意：就是在那里，全体船员遭遇了灾难。分析句子可知，此句是强调句，强调句结构是is/was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他，被强调部分是there，故填that。
40. 【答案】On 考查介词。句意：1820年11月20日早上8点，他们发现了一群鲸鱼。根据Nov.20, 1820可知具体日期要用介词on，位于句首要大写。故填On。
41.【答案】 rose 考查时态。句意：突然，当鲸鱼上升呼吸空气时，水面裂开了。此句是由as连接的状语从句，主语是the whales，此处是谓语动词，由上文谓语broke可知此处时态也是一般过去时，rise的过去式是rose。故填rose。
42. 【答案】a 考查冠词。句意：后来，Chase注意到又有第三条鲸鱼“直接”朝这艘船游去。“a(n)+序数词+单数名词”表示“又、再”，third 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
43. 【答案】amazement 考查名词。句意：“我们用无比惊讶的眼神看着对方。”根据形容词perfect可知此处要用名词，作宾语，amazement“惊讶”是不可数名词。故填amazement。
44. 【答案】stuck 考查非谓语动词。句意：20个人幸存了下来，被困在海中。根据谓语动词survived可知此处要用非谓语动词，由Twenty men和stick之间是被动关系，可知要用过去分词作状语。故填stuck。
45. 【答案】when考查连词。句意：此外，他们的小船被海浪分开了，当救援最终到达时，只剩下八个人。根据“help finally arrived”可知此处要用连词when，连接时间状语从句。故填when。