专题03. 阅读理解 词义猜测题 解题技巧（含答案详解）高考英语题型复习（2019人教版）

阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧
一．设问方式
By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________.
In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by “______”．
The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.
Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？
As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________.
The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.
二．词义猜测题7大猜词技巧
要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：
①Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子给予了annealing一个明确的定义，即“退火”。
②It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.
从that is(也就是说)后的解释中我们可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。
③The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。
④The weather in this area is treacherous;_its sudden changes often endanger the lives of sailors.
分号后的句子在解释什么样的天气是treacherous, sudden change与treacherous在语义上相对应，因此含义是“突变的”。
⑤Some good readers find it helpful to use their sense to visualize — or picture — what they read.
visualize的意思由破折号后的picture(想象)给出了说明，因此含义为“想象”。
⑥When President Torrijos of Panama met Carter, he tried to give him a friendly abrazo (hug)．
abrazo对大多数人来说都很陌生，但由括号内的hug(拥抱)，我们不难推测abrazo也是“拥抱”的意思。
例子1
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Complex.　　 　 　 B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
[分析]　根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：
①They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle,_a large building in old times.
同位语部分“a large building in old times”给出了castle的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。
②We are on the night_shift — from midnight to 8 a．m. — this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。
③The “Chunnel”， a tunnel (隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.
此句中“a tunnel (隧道) connecting England and France”是Chunnel的同位语。因此，Chunnel指的就是英法之间的海底隧道。
例子2
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1
A．provider B．delivery man
C．collector D．medical doctor
[分析]　“a volunteer stem cell courier”是“Peter Hodes”的同位语；根据文中“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box”可知，Peter Hodes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter (相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred
possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”。
例子3
A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.
[分析]　根据构词法知识我们可知，un 为否定前缀， ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：
①The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久的”。
②Mary didn't notice me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
从前面的结果“当我走进教室时，玛丽没有注意到我”可以推测engrossed的意思为“全神贯注的”。
③Our vision was obscured by the trees, so we couldn't see the lake from our window.
由后面的结果couldn't see(看不见)可知，我们的视线被树遮挡住(obscured)了。
例子4
If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A container. D．A machine.
[分析]　该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句和第二句， “you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a ‘soft serve’ creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。例如：
①Like Schmid, the editors of several self published art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs. One of them,_called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for someone else：“Why's your car HERE at HER place？”
them指的是前面出现的self published art magazines。
②However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
it指的是月球人(moon people)所问的问题(the question)。
例子5
[2]Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
[3]It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
…
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
[分析]　根据语境可知，画线词that指代第二段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。
6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。
[例]　
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
例子6…
32．What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．The more, the better.
B．Enough is enough.
C．More money, more worries.
D．Earn more and spend more.
[分析]　根据该段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.”可知，作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常又认定more is more呢？由此推知，这里的 more is more与前面的 flooded with为近义呼应，指“越多越好”。故选A。
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：
①A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle;_it can be a basket of fun.
从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。
②She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
③The players in the World Cup are professionals, while those who play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是professionals(专业人士)的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。
例子7…
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
…
29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.
[分析]　画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，后来由于人类的发展，灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失，由此可推断出画线词的意思为“被迫离开”，故选择C项。
一
2021新高考1卷
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
28【答案】A细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
29【答案】C词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
30【答案】D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
31【答案】A主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
二
Identifying the chemical makeup of pigment (颜料) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolors is critical to restoring and conserving the precious artworks. However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages—from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, researchers from Portugal have finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous bluish-purple color that helped bring ancient illustrations to life.
“This is the only medieval (中世纪的) color based on organic dyes that we didn’t have a structure for,” says Maria Jo o Melo, an associate professor at the Department of Conservation and Restoration at NOVA University of Lisbon. “We need to know what’s in medieval manuscript illustrations because we want to preserve these beautiful colors for future generations.”
The research team began by poring over instructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitled The Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, no name was mentioned.
However, by piecing together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the team found a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town of Monsaraz in south Portugal.
The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues to successfully recreate the dye. “You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻布).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment, producing an inferior quality ink. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color.
Once the key ingredient had been identified, the researchers began the next step and the primary purpose of their study—determining the dye’s chemical structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes—it was an entirely new class of color, one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was often used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.” the team wrote in the study. Now, the researchers can further study the stability of the dye, as well as how it responds to factors that may wear and break it down over time. “This is essential if we desire to make these colors last forever—or at least as long as possible,” Melo said.
27. According to the passage, folium is ________.
A. an ancient painting B. an organic blue pigment
C. a colorful manuscript D. a mysterious ingredient
28. The underlined phrase “poring over” in Para. 3 probably means ________.
A. following strictly B. testing repeatedly
C. discussing publicly D. reading carefully
29. What can we learn from the passage
A. Folium can be stored and used easily.
B. Folium was squeezed from broken seeds.
C. The stability of folium has been confirmed by researchers.
D. The chemical structure of folium resembles that of other dyes.
30. Which would be the best title for this passage
A. What should be done to make ancient blue dyes last.
B. When and where the discovery of the dye was made.
C. Why the researchers took the trouble to study the dye.
D. How the mystery of a 1000-year-old blue dye was solved.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要内容是关于一种成分神秘的蓝色染料，研究小组经过研究发现了这种蓝色染料的关键成分，讲述了千年蓝色染料之谜是如何解开的。
27【答案】B细节理解题。由第一段中“However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages—from the 5th to the 15th century. (然而，尽管经过无数努力，科学家仍无法确定叶绿的来源，叶绿是一种流行的蓝色染料，在5世纪至15世纪的中世纪，在欧洲被用来给手稿上色。)”和第二段中的““This is the only medieval (中世纪的) color based on organic dyes that we didn’t have a structure for,” says Maria Jo o Melo, an associate professor at the Department of Conservation and Restoration at NOVA University of Lisbon. (里斯本诺瓦大学保护与修复系副教授，Maria Jo o Melo说：“这是中世纪唯一一种基于有机染料的颜色，这是一种我们没有结构的有机染料。)”可知，folium（叶绿）是一种流行的蓝色染料，是一种有机染料的颜色，因此folium（叶绿）是一种有机蓝色颜料。故选B项。
28【答案】D词句猜测题。由第三段中的“The research team began by poring over instructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitled The Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. (研究小组首先poring over 12、14和15世纪欧洲染料制造商编写的说明书。他们在15世纪的文稿中找到了他们想要的东西，文稿的题目是《如何制作所有用于书籍照明的彩色颜料》。)”可知，研究小组在15世纪的文稿中找到了他们想要的东西，可得出研究小组仔细阅读了说明书，对其进行研究，poring over在此处意为“仔细阅读”。故选D项。29【答案】A推理判断题。由第五段中的“The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color. (染色后晾干的亚麻布是古代储存和运输颜料的有效方法。当需要的时候，艺术家会简单地剪下一块布，用水蘸一下，挤出蓝色。)”可知，folium（叶绿）可以用染色后晾干的亚麻布保存，用的时候剪下一块布，蘸水挤出蓝色就行，说明folium（叶绿）易于保存和使用。故选A项。
30【答案】D主旨大意题。由第一段中的“However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages—from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, researchers from Portugal have finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous bluish-purple color that helped bring ancient illustrations to life. (然而，尽管进行了许多努力，科学家们仍无法确定叶绿的来源，叶绿是一种流行的蓝色染料，在5世纪至15世纪的中世纪，在欧洲被用来给手稿上色。现在，来自葡萄牙的研究人员终于发现了一种神秘的成分，这种神秘的成分导致了绚丽的蓝紫色，使古老的插图栩栩如生。)”，第四段中的“However, by piecing together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. (然而，通过拼凑文本中的建议，科学家们能够确定这种染料是由变色龙植物的蓝绿色浆果制成的。)”和最后一段中的“To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes—it was an entirely new class of color, one they named chrozophoridin. (令他们惊讶的是，他们发现叶绿和其他已知的永久性蓝色染料不同，这是一种全新的颜色，他们将其命名为chrozophoridin。)”，结合全文对这种蓝色染料成分的研究可知，研究人员已确定染料的关键成分，由此可知，本文主要是关于一种千年蓝色染料之谜是如何解开的。故选D项。
三
I was sitting at my kitchen table the other day with a pen, notebook, calculator and a pile of bills. I was doing my monthly budget. There were bills for electric water, rent, insurance, the car payment, the phone bill, and the cable bill. Plus money needed to be set aside for food, gas, clothes and hopefully a little left over to save for those unexpected bills that always seemed to show up. When I was done, I shook my head, closed my eyes and thought of a time long ago when I would regularly get treasures.
When I was a boy, we lived across the road from Camp Caesar. It held week long camps all through the summer and my grandma who I lovingly called “Nanny” worked in her big kitchen. I remember slipping there getting a smile, a hug, a kiss and a hot roll from Nanny. Then she would always take deep in her pockets and pull out a treasure, a shiny quarter. She would give it to me and I would run down the hill to either get an ice cold can of coke from the pop machine or I would head to the camp’s swimming pool where I could buy a warm cup of cherry coke for 15 cents and a tiny 10 cent bag of chips from a stand. I took my time because it was always a big decision. It was nice too feeling so rich for a few minutes.
Looking back now I can see that the real treasure was not the quarter at all. It was the love with which Nanny gave it to me. I would have still visited her at work every day if I had never gotten a single quarter. It was her smile, hugs, and kisses that were priceless in my heart then and now.
The old saying is true, “With your work you can make a living, but it is with your love that you make a life.” You can always welcome love into your heart, soul and mind. And you can always share your love with others. It is that one treasure that lasts forever.
4. According to Paragraph 1, what was the author trying to figure out
A. Where to get treasures. B. What food and supplies to buy.
C. How to sort out these bills at hand. D. How to balance the money available.
5. What does the underlined word “roll” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. A kind of bread B. A kind of act.
C. A sound. D. A greeting.
6. Which of the following best describes Nanny
A. Considerate. B. Generous.
C. Affectionate. D. Enthusiastic.
7. Why does the author mention the old saying in the last Paragraph
A. To change people’s heart and soul.
B. To show what we should value in life.
C. To explain work and love can make a life.
D. To advise more love and sharing in childhood.
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在做预算的时候想起了自己的奶奶，回忆了和奶奶相处的时光以及奶奶对作者深深的爱，说明了爱才是人生永恒的财富，呼吁读者要珍惜爱。
4【答案】D推理判断题。根据第一段“I was doing my monthly budget. There were bills for electric water, rent, insurance, the car payment, the phone bill, and the cable bill. Plus money needed to be set aside for food, gas, clothes and hopefully a little left over to save for those unexpected bills that always seemed to show up.”（我在做每月预算。有水电费、房租、保险费、车款、电话费和有线电视费。另外，还需要留出一些钱来买食物、汽油和衣服，希望还能剩下一些钱来支付那些经常出现的意外账单。）可推断，作者在做各项开支的预算，平衡可用资金。故选D项。
5【答案】A词义猜测题。根据第二段“It held week long camps all through the summer and my grandma who I lovingly called “Nanny” worked in her big kitchen.”（整个夏天，夏令营持续一周，我的奶奶——我亲切地称她为“Nanny”——在她的大厨房里干活。）以及划线前的hot可推断，roll是一种食物，四个选项中只有A选项是食物。故选A项。
6【答案】C推理判断题。根据第二段“I remember slipping there getting a smile, a hug, a kiss and a hot roll from Nanny. Then she would always take deep in her pockets and pull out a treasure, a shiny quarter. ”（我记得我溜到那里得到了一个微笑，一个拥抱，一个吻和Nanny的热乎乎的面包卷。然后她总会在口袋里掏出一个宝贝，一个闪闪发光的硬币。）以及第三段“Looking back now I can see that the real treasure was not the quarter at all. It was the love with which Nanny gave it to me.”（现在回想起来，我发现真正的宝藏根本不是那个硬币。那是奶奶给我的爱。）可知，奶奶给与了作者很多的爱和关怀，可知她是一个充满爱的人。故选C项。
7【答案】B推理判断题。根据最后一段“You can always welcome love into your heart, soul and mind. And you can always share your love with others. It is that one treasure that lasts forever.”（你可以随时欢迎爱进入你的心，灵魂和思想。你可以与他人分享你的爱。这是永恒的财富。）作者呼吁我们去拥抱爱去分享爱，爱是永恒的财富，可推断作者是为了说明：在生活中我们要珍惜爱。故选B项。
四
Private Butler (管家)
Typical salary: 60,000 to 90,000, or more. "An entry level butler we’ve trained will walk into a salary of 35,000, while a very experienced private butler can earn up to 150,000," says Sara Vestin, director of the British Butler Academy.
The job: A private butler can be called on by his or her employer to do anything from wardrobe management to chauffeuring to pet care. Typical duties include managing other staff, serving at every meal, running errands, looking after guests, booking restaurants, house security, housekeeping, cooking and anything else the household needs. But most of all, it’s personal service, tailored to the very wealthy individual the butler works for.
Qualifications: No special qualifications are required, but it’s advisable to do a course at a training college such as Vestin’s British Butler Academy or the British Butler Institute. "Recruitment consultants and VIP clients come to our mansion to scout out the good students." Vestin says.
To succeed as a butler, you need…a ‘service mind’, says Vestin. You must have the mindset of someone who genuinely thrives on looking after others. "You cannot do the job without this, even if you were an amazing actor. Some people have it and some don’t." Also, she says, it’s essential to have an eye for detail, a steady hand and the ability to deal with all sorts of people.
Worst thing about the job: Long hours and an unpredictable work schedule mean it’s difficult to have a family life. Butlers also suffer from isolation and cultural differences with their employer and they may be obliged to work for people who aren’t always nice.
60. Which of the following is true of a butler
A. A course at a training college is a must in order to get the job.
B. A butler should be able to tailor his service to his clients.
C. Male butlers are favored over female ones.
D. There is no ceiling of salary.
61. The underlined word “thrives on” in the passage probably means _______.
A. is reminded of.
B. is capable of.
C. is convinced of.
D. is in favour of.
62. Which is not the downside of being a butler
A. Cultural misunderstanding may arise.
B. The job may make one’s family life difficult.
C. Sometimes they have to work for impolite clients.
D. They may enjoy the company of his or her clients.
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则私人管家招聘广告。
60【答案】B细节理解题。由第二段中的“A private butler can be called on by his or her employer to do anything from wardrobe management to chauffeuring to pet care.”（一个私人管家可以被他或她的雇主要求做任何事情，从衣柜管理到司机到宠物护理。），可知一个私人管家可以按照雇主的要求什么都能做，换句话说，一个私人管家应该能够为他的客户量身打造他的服务。故选B项。
61【答案】B短语猜测题。由第四段中的“To succeed as a butler, you need…a ‘service mind’, says Vestin. You must have the mindset of someone who genuinely thrives on looking after others. ‘You cannot do the job without this, even if you were an amazing actor. Some people have it and some don’t.’”（Vestin说，要想成为一名成功的管家，你需要有“服务意识”。你必须有真正thrives on照顾别人的心态。“没有这个你就做不到这项工作，即使你是个了不起的演员。她说，有些人有这种能力，有些人没有这种能力。），可知一名成功的管家要有服务意识，即有能力去服务、去照顾别人，thrives on在此处意为“is capable of（有能力）”。故选B项。
62【答案】D细节理解题。由最后一段“Worst thing about the job: Long hours and an unpredictable work schedule mean it’s difficult to have a family life. Butlers also suffer from isolation and cultural differences with their employer and they may be obliged to work for people who aren’t always nice.”（这份工作最糟糕的是：长时间的工作和不可预知的工作日程意味着很难有家庭生活。和雇主在一起，管家也会遭受孤独和文化差异的影响，他们可能不得不为不是很好的人工作。），可知当管家的坏处是：使得家庭生活困难、可能产生文化误解和不得不为不是很好的人工作，并没有说他们可能喜欢和雇主在一起，D项未提及。故选D项。
五
A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $ 35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique.
The blue-and-white bowl was made by China's royal court during the Ming dynasty. It is now expected to sell for up to $500,000, according to Sotheby's auction(拍卖)house in New York, where the auction will take place next month.
The purchase was made last year near New Haven, Connecticut. “I was just hanging around there aimlessly. But when I saw this bowl, I didn't even bargain over the $35 asking price,” the owner said. Shortly after the purchase, he sent photos of the bowl to auction specialists, who identified it as an item of historical significance.
Upon closer inspection, the artifact was found to have originated from the period of Yongle Emperor, who ruled from 1403 to 1424 - a period noted for its distinctive porcelain (瓷器)techniques. It's now valued between $300,000 and $500,000, with the top estimate nearly 14,300 times the amount it was purchased for.
“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上釉)and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said.
“The Yongle Emperor improved the porcelain techniques and elevated the importance of porcelain from being an ordinary bowl into a true work of art. This small bowl has both practical and artistic value, ”McAteer said.
4. What can we infer about the bowl's owner
A. He found the bowl by accident
B. He hesitated during the purchase.
C. He doubted whether the bowl was real.
D. He bought the bowl because it was cheap.
5. What makes the bowl so precious
A. The blue color on it. B. The long history it has.
C. The people who made it. D. The unique techniques used.
6. What does the underlined word “elevated” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Forsaw. B. Promoted.
C. Assessed. D. Acknowledged.
7. What's the best title of the text
A. An Amazing Bowl B. A Special Yard Sale
C. The Return of Porcelains D. A Man Making Fortune
这是一篇新闻报道。一只在康涅狄格州的庭院拍卖会上以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董。
4【答案】A推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“I was just hanging around there aimlessly. But when I saw this bowl, I didn't even bargain over the $35 asking price”（我只是在那儿漫无目的地闲逛。但是当我看到这个碗的时候，我甚至没有对35美元的要价进行砍价）可知，这个碗的主人偶然发现了它。故选A。
5【答案】D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Upon closer inspection, the artifact was found to have originated from the period of Yongle Emperor, who ruled from 1403 to 1424 - a period noted for its distinctive porcelain (瓷器)techniques.”（经仔细观察，发现该工艺品起源于1403年至1424年的永乐年间，这一时期以其独特的瓷器工艺而闻名。）可知，独特的工艺使这只碗如此珍贵。故选D。
6【答案】B词义猜测题。根据第六段第一句中的“The Yongle Emperor improved the porcelain techniques”（永乐皇帝改进了制瓷技术）和下文的“from being an ordinary bowl into a true work of art.（从普通的碗变成真正的艺术品。） ”可知，此处是指提高了瓷器的重要性，所以elevated意为“提高”。故选B。
7【答案】A标题判断题。文章为新闻报道，首段为导语，是本文的主旨。根据第一段“A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $ 35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique.”（一只在康涅狄格州的庭院拍卖会上以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董。）可知，文章主要是报道一个被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董的小碗。由此可知 “一只令人震惊的碗”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选A。
六
Indonesian university student Tyas Sisianindita spends about eight hours a day on her phone. That time includes watching videos, chatting with friends and using social media. "At night, when I can't sleep, I can use my phone for up to five hours," she said, noting she checks her phone countless times from morning until night. She even checks it while in class.
Tyas goes to the University of Indonesia, where a team of students recently developed a device meant to fight phone addiction. The students spent three months creating the device, which can help internet users like Tyas diminish time they spend looking at their phones.
Inventor Irfan Budi Satria led the development team. The device is called “Nettox", which combines the words “internet" and "detox (排毒)". Users wear it on their arm. The device has a sensor that measures hemoglobin (红蛋白) oxygen levels and changes to the heart rate called HRV. Studies have found that using a mobile phone for long hours can lower HRV levels. The Nettox device makes a sound when HRV and blood oxygen levels fall, which reminds wearers to stop using their phones.
For people between the ages of 18 and 25, the HRV should stay above 60. At a recent trial, Tyas' HRV reading was 44.
Internet addiction is a growing social issue in Indonesia. In October, two teenagers were treated for their addiction to internet gaming, media reported.
Irfan Budi Satria's team is working to improve Nettox's accuracy. HRV readings can change depending on whether the user is a man or woman, and what their body shape and health conditions are.
The team aims to get a patent for their invention with the university by next year. Irfan says Nettox is for people already trying to change their behavior. "Our goal is to help people who want to free themselves from internet addiction," he said.
24. What can we learn about Tyas from Paragraph1
A. She often sleeps late. B. She often skips classes.
C. She is addicted to phones. D. She is skilled in the media.
25. Which word may replace the underlined word “diminish" in Paragraph 2
A. Kill. B. Treasure. C. Record. D. Reduce.
26. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. How the device works. B. Where Nettox is from.
C. When users wear the device. D. Why hemoglobin changes with HRV.
27. What is the team focusing on now according to the text
A. Applying for a patent. B. Setting free phone addicts.
C. Bettering the device's accuracy. D. Studying internet addiction.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印尼大学的一个学生团队发明的可以对抗手机上瘾的设备。
24【答案】C细节理解题。根据第一段中“Indonesian university student Tyas Sisianindita spends about eight hours a day on her phone.(印尼大学生Tyas Sisianinita每天花大约8小时在手机上)”及“she checks her phone countless times from morning until night. She even checks it while in class.(她从早到晚看手机无数次。她甚至在上课的时候查看)”可知，Tyas对手机上瘾。故选C项。
25【答案】D词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Tyas goes to the University of Indonesia, where a team of students recently developed a device meant to fight phone addiction.(Tyas就读于印度尼西亚大学，那里的一个学生团队最近开发了一种旨在对抗手机成瘾的设备)”可知，这种设备是对抗手机上瘾的情况，所以划线词所在句“which can help internet users like Tyas diminish time they spend looking at their phones”意为“它可以帮助像Tyas这样的互联网用户减少看手机的时间”，“diminish”意为“减少”。故选D项。
26【答案】A段落大意题。根据第三段内容“The device has a sensor that measures hemoglobin (红蛋白) oxygen levels and changes to the heart rate called HRV. Studies have found that using a mobile phone for long hours can lower HRV levels. The Nettox device makes a sound when HRV and blood oxygen levels fall, which reminds wearers to stop using their phones.(设备有一个传感器测量红蛋白氧含量和被称为HRV的心率变化。研究发现长时间使用手机可以降低HRV水平。当HRV和血氧水平下降时，Nettox设备会发出声音，提醒佩戴者停止使用手机)”可知，本段主要讲述这种设备的工作原理。故选A项。
27【答案】C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Irfan Budi Satria's team is working to improve Nettox's accuracy.(Irfan Budi Satria的团队正在努力提高Nettox的准确性。)”可知，团队目前专注于提高设备的准确性。故选C项。
七
When Erin Shields sang “Being Alive,” a popular song from the Broadway show “Company,” the song had extra levels of meaning.
Shields and her husband David Shenton are touring musicians. They could not perform around the world during the coronavirus pandemic. So they broadcast virtual concerts from home to raise money for the Mosaic West Queens Church in New York City. The concerts brought thousands of dollars to the church to help feed hungry people living in the neighborhood. They also gave the two musicians a chance to continue their artistic lives.
It began when they saw the long lines of people waiting for food outside the church near their home. Several of their friends had lost jobs after Broadway theaters closed. And they felt the need to help.
In September, they volunteered at the church to give away boxes of food to families two times a week. As time passed, they felt the need to do more for others during the pandemic. “I’m not a doctor ... I don’t really have much to offer. But you know, we can perform,” said Shields.
She is an opera singer from the American state of Illinois. Her husband Shenton is a British composer, pianist and violinist. And their artistic friends were willing to join for a good cause.
“We have all these connections to Broadway singers outside of their work on Broadway, so we wanted to capitalize on that,” Shenton said.
During a recent virtual concert, smiling families, watching on their computers at home, clapped and sang along. Among the performers were Broadway musicians known for their work in shows such as “Hamilton” and “The Little Mermaid” as well as “Les Miserables.”
Shields said volunteering became especially important last year when New York turned into the center of the pandemic. “If you’re feeling low, volunteer, give back to other people, because it will make you feel better,” Shields said.
21. What can we learn about Erin Shields
A. She found a new job during the pandemic.
B. The song “Being Alive” made her more popular.
C. She gave up her artistic life to help hungry people.
D. Virtual concerts enabled her to continue her performance.
22. What does the underlined phrase “capitalize on” in paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Take advantage of.
B. Keep track of.
C. Get the hang of.
D. Make a list of.
23. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Volunteering Makes People Feel Better
B. Musicians Raise Money to Feed Neighbors
C. Music Gives People Strength to Pull Through
D. Food Supply Becomes too Low in New York
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了新冠疫情下Erin Shields和她的丈夫David Shenton通过举行虚拟演唱会，筹款帮助邻居的故事。
21【答案】D细节理解题。由第二段中的“So they broadcast virtual concerts from home to raise money for the Mosaic West Queens Church in New York City. (因此，他们在家里播放虚拟音乐会，为纽约市的马赛克西皇后教堂筹款。)”可知，虚拟音乐会给了Erin Shields和她的丈夫David Shenton继续表演的机会，才可以继续筹款。故选D项。
22【答案】A词句猜测题。由第五段中的“And their artistic friends were willing to join for a good cause. (他们的艺术朋友愿意为一个好的事业而加入。)”和第六段““We have all these connections to Broadway singers outside of their work on Broadway, so we wanted to capitalize on that,” Shenton said. (“我们与百老汇歌手的所有这些联系都是在他们在百老汇的工作之外，所以我们想capitalize on这一点，”Shenton说。)”可知，两夫妻在家里播放虚拟音乐会，为纽约市的马赛克西皇后教堂筹款，两夫妻的艺术朋友知道了这件好事，也想加入，而David Shenton也想利用艺术朋友的这个优势，继续筹款帮助他人，capitalize on在此处意为“利用”。故选A项。
23【答案】B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了新冠疫情下Erin Shields和她的丈夫David Shenton通过举行虚拟演唱会，筹款帮助邻居的故事，B项“音乐家们筹集资金养活邻居”符合文意。故选B项。
八
Self-driving cars are just around the corner. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents. But how should driverless cars handle emergencies (突发情况) People disagree on the answer. And that might put the brakes on this technology, a new study concludes.
To understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road. Even with braking, it’s too late to avoid a crash. So the car’s artificial intelligence must decide whether to swerve (急转弯). To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic What if such options would likely kill the car’s passengers
Researchers used online surveys to study people’s attitudes about such situations with driverless cars. Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls (or otherwise sacrificing their passengers) to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a hitch (困境). Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs—even if the pedestrians would now end up dying. Jean Bonnefon is a psychologist at the Toulouse School of Economics in France. He and his colleagues reported their findings in Science.
“Autonomous cars can completely change transportation”, says study coauthor Iyad Rahwan. But, he adds, this new technology creates a moral dilemma (道德两难) that could slow its acceptance.
Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot, Bonnefon’s group warns. Most buyers would want their car to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people. However, regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the greater good. That would mean saving the most people. But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.
Compromises might be possible, Kurt Gray says. He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they “won’t speed, won’t drive drunk and won’t text while driving, which would be a win for society.”
32. The underlined word “challenge” in paragraph 2 refers to____________.
A. people’s negative attitudes towards self-driving cars
B. how self-driving cars reduce traffic accidents
C. the technical problems that self-driving cars have
D. how self-driving cars handle emergencies
33. According to the text, online surveys show that_____________.
A. self-driving cars’ artificial intelligence needs improvement
B. the busy traffic may be a problem for self-driving cars
C. people are in a moral dilemma about driverless cars
D. self-driving cars should be designed to protect drivers
34. What can we learn from the fifth paragraph
A. Regulations are in favour of drivers.
B. Most people dislike self-driving cars now.
C Self-driving car makers are in a difficult situation.
D. The potential benefits of driverless cars are ignored.
35. What is Kurt Gray’s attitude toward self-driving cars
A. Favorable. B. Doubtful.
C. Critical. D. Disapproving.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲了在遇到紧急情况时，对于无人驾驶汽车是先保护行人还是先保护乘客的问题，道德的难题可能会限制无人驾驶汽车的吸引力。
32【答案】D词义猜测题。由第一段“But how should driverless cars handle emergencies People disagree on the answer.(但是无人驾驶汽车应该如何处理紧急情况呢？人们对此有不同意见)”及划线词后的“imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road.(想象一辆汽车突然在路上遇到一些行人)”可推知,“challenge”指的是无人驾驶汽车如何处理紧急事件。故选D。
33【答案】C细节理解题。由第三段“Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls (or otherwise sacrificing their passengers) to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a hitch (困境). Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs — even if the pedestrians would now end up dying.(调查参与者大多同意无人驾驶汽车的设计应该保护大多数人。这包括为了拯救更多的行人而撞向墙壁（或者牺牲乘客）。但有一个问题。同样是这些被调查者，他们希望乘坐不惜一切代价保护乘客的汽车，即使行人会因此丧命)”可知，网上调查表明人们关心在遇到紧急情况时，对于无人驾驶汽车是先保护行人还是先保护乘客的问题上陷入了道德困境。故选C。
34【答案】C细节理解题。由第五段“Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot, Bonnefon’s group warns.(Bonnefon的团队警告称，无人驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难)”可知，无人驾驶汽车的制造者处于艰难的处境。故选C。
35【答案】A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they “won’t speed, won’t drive drunk and won’t text while driving, which would be a win for society.(这些车辆在极少数情况下可能会对行人造成危险。但他们不会超速，不会酒后驾车，也不会边开车边发短信，这对社会来说是一种胜利)”可推知，作者对无人驾驶的汽车的态度是支持和赞成的。故选A。
九
Scientists say they've developed a system using machine learning to predict when and where lighting will strike. The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires. For these reasons, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. In the United States and other places, ground-based sensing devices are used to identify strikes as they happen. But, no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments used a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.
The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm（算法）, which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student at the institute who led the development of the method. He said, “current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites.”
“Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. “This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut,” be added.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project.
8. Why have climate scientists tried to predict and control lighting
A. To collect relative data.
B. To reduce the destruction lightning has been causing.
C. To create a scientific system.
D. To do research in relation to machine learning.
9. The four mentioned surface conditions include all the following EXCEPT ________.
A. air pollution B. wind speed
C. relative humidity D. air temperature
10. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to
A. lighting. B. the system being tested.
C. the atmospheric data. D. the machine learning algorithm.
11. What can we learn about Mostajabi from the passage
A. He developed the method and the system himself.
B. He thinks the current systems are too slow and simple.
C. He is a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
D. He believes their system does much better in data collection.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家们开发出的一种系统，利用机器学习能力有效地预测闪电，以减少闪电袭击带来的危害和损失。
8【答案】B推理判断题。根据第二段中“...that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires. For these reasons，climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning.（世界各地每年有6,000至24,000人死于闪电。闪电袭击还可能导致停电、破坏财产、损坏电气设备和引发森林火灾。）”可知，科协家们想预测、控制闪电是因为想找到办法，以减少闪电所带来的危害和损失。故选B项。
9【答案】A细节理解题。根据第四段中“The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.”可知，与四个主要表面条件有关的数据有气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速，没有提到空气污染。故选A项。
10【答案】C词句猜测题。根据第五段“The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm（算法）, which compared it to records of lightning strikes.（将大气数据输入到机器学习计算法中，随后计算法会将这些数据与闪电袭击记录进行比较。）”可以推测，it指代上一句中的the atmospheric data。故选C项。
11【答案】D推理判断题。第六段中提到“current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites”，Mostajabi认为目前收集此类数据的系统缓慢而复杂，需要昂贵的雷达或卫星等收集设备；第七段中提到“Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station…This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut”, Mostajabi认为他们这种方法使用的数据可以从任何气象站获得， 这将改善雷达和卫星未覆盖的非常偏远地区或通信系统被切断的地方的数据收集。因此可以推断，Mostajabi相信他们的系统在数据收集方面比原来的做得更好。故选D项。
十
The percentage of Hispanic(拉美裔的) students who graduate from college in six years or less continues to follow that of white students, according to a new study of graduation figures at more than 600 colleges.
In the study sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the American Enterprise Institute examined graduation rates for students who entered college in 1999, 2000 and 2001, and found that 51 percent of those identified as Hispanic earned bachelor’s degrees in six years or less, compared with 59 percent of white students. In some ways, the rates echoed the conclusion that Hispanic students trailed their white peers no matter how selective the colleges’ admissions processes, which was made seven years ago by the Pew Hispanic Center. Accordingly,university administrators sometimes described white students as “better prepared academically and financially for college”.
The researchers of the study delivered one statement to the US federal government,which responded,“We are to recover our position as the nation with the highest concentration of adults with post-secondary degrees in the world.”
“Given the changing demographics(人口统计数据) of the United States, ” the researchers write, “this target cannot be achieved without increasing the rate at which Hispanic students obtain a college degree.”
The study recommended that colleges adopt an “institution-wide commitment to insuring that all their students graduate”, and that the government tie aid to colleges which serve their students well, but not simply enroll many students.
8. What conclusion can be drawn from the study
A. Hispanic students who receive college education are less.
B. Few Hispanic students could spend six years or less in colleges.
C. Hispanic students have a lower graduation rate than white pees.
D. The chance for Hispanic students to go to selective schools is slim.
9. What does this underlined word “trailed” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Went beyond B. Amounted to.
C. Pulled down. D. Fell behind
10. Which one may be the barrier to the goal of US federal government
A. No financial supports to the Hispanic student.
B. Hispanic students’ failure to obtain a bachelor’s degree.
C. Hispanic students’ difficulty in fitting in with the society.
D. The selectiveness of the colleges towards Hispanic students.
11. What does the study suggest the government do
A. Require colleges to ensure their graduate rates.
B. Give aid to schools with more enrolled students.
C. Help Hispanic students with financial problems.
D Support colleges with good service for their students.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究发现拉美裔学生在6年或更短时间内大学毕业生的比例继续落后于白人学生。
8【答案】C细节理解题。根据第一段“The percentage of Hispanic(拉美裔的) students who graduate from college in six years or less continues to follow that of white students, according to a new study of graduation figures at more than 600 colleges.(一项针对600多所大学毕业数据的新研究显示，西班牙裔学生在6年或更短时间内大学毕业的比例继续跟在白人学生后。)”和第二段中“In the study sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the American Enterprise Institute examined graduation rates for students who entered college in 1999, 2000 and 2001, and found that 51 percent of those identified as Hispanic earned bachelor’s degrees in six years or less , compared with 59 percent of white students. (在由比尔和梅林达 盖茨基金会赞助的研究中，美国企业研究所调查在1999年、2000年和2001年入学学生的毕业率，发现在六年或更短的时间内，有51%被认为是拉美裔的学生获得学士学位，相比之下，白人学生有59%。)”可知，拉美裔的学生毕业率比白人学生的毕业率低。故选C项。
9【答案】D词句猜测题。根据第二段中“…and found that 51 percent of those identified as Hispanic earned bachelor’s degrees in six years or less , compared with 59 percent of white students. In some ways, the rates echoed the conclusion that Hispanic students trailed their white peers no matter how selective the colleges’ admissions processes, which was made seven years ago by the Pew Hispanic Center. (……发现在六年或更短的时间内，有51%被认为是拉美裔的学生获得学士学位，相比之下，白人学生有59%。在某种程度上，这一比率反映了皮尤拉美裔中心七年前做出的结论，即无论大学的录取过程多么挑剔，拉美裔学生都________白人同龄人。)”由讲述拉美裔的学生获得学士学位是51%，白人学生有59%，可知，拉美裔学生落后于白人同龄人，因此，猜测划线词trailed 意为“落后于”。故选D项。
10【答案】B推理判断题。根据第四段““Given the changing demographics(人口统计数据) of the United States, ” the researchers write, “this target cannot be achieved without increasing the rate at which Hispanic students obtain a college degree.”(“考虑到美国不断变化的人口结构，”研究人员写道，“如果不提高拉美裔学生获得大学学位的比率，这个目标就无法实现。”)”可知，学生无法获得学士学位可能是美国联邦政府实现目标的障碍。故选B项。
11【答案】D细节理解题。根据最后一段“The study recommended that colleges adopt an “institution-wide commitment to insuring that all their students graduate”, and that the government tie aid to colleges which serve their students well, but not simply enroll many students. (该研究建议大学采取“整个机构范围内承诺，确保所有学生毕业”，政府将援助与那些为学生提供良好服务，但不仅仅是招收很多学生的大学挂钩。)”可知，该研究建议政府支持为学生提供良好服务的学校。故选D项。