专题05. 阅读理解 专项训练（含答案详解）高考英语题型复习（2019人教版）

阅读理解专练（新高考地区专用）
一
2023届东莞市东华高级中学高三下学期英语
C
Smoking in your own home in Thailand may now be considered a crime, if the smoke is considered harmful to other people in the house.
The new law, Family Protection and Development Promotion Act, was initiated (启动) by the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security and was announced in the Royal Gazette on May 22, 2019. The law aims at limiting smoking at home which might be hazardous for others’ health living under the same roof. In that case, it will be considered as “domestic violence”. The new law came into force on August 20.
According to the center for research and knowledge management for tobacco control, at the Faculty of Medical Science of Mahidol University, there are about 4.9 million households where one or more family members smoke. An average of 10.3 million people have unconsciously become passive smokers because they’ve been breathing in smoke at home. Scientific studies show that passive smokers are at greater risk of being affected by cancer.
Of 75 child patients from houses where smoking is practiced, 76% of them were found to have nicotine traces in their urine (尿液), with 43% of them having nicotine content going beyond permitted levels. Smoking at home also may lead to physical or emotional violence because of aggressiveness (攻击性) when there is a lack of smoking, and might as well ruin relationships between smokers and non-smoker family members.
According to the new law, anyone who thinks they are affected by domestic smoking can report to officials concerned so that inspectors will be sent to investigate and take legal action against the smokers. Once confirmed, the court may order a person to receive treatment to quit smoking in an attempt to protect the person’s family. In February in 2019, Thailand had banned smoking at six of its airports along with a ban in public places.
8. What do we know about the new law in Thailand
A. It came into effect on May 22.
B. It aimed at protecting the health of non-smokers.
C. It regarded smoking at home as a kind of domestic violence.
D. It clearly claimed that smoking at home is a crime.
9. What does the underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Anxious. B. Harmful.
C. Beneficial. D. Essential.
10. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The purpose of initiating the law.
B. Responses to the new law.
C. Actions to quit smoking.
D. Bad consequences of smoking at home.
11. What can be inferred from the text
A. Smoking is illegal anywhere in Thailand.
B. Passive smokers are not likely to suffer from cancer.
C. People tend to be more aggressive when they are smoking.
D. Thailand is making efforts to create a smoke-free environment.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了泰国的一项新的法律，限制在家里吸烟，泰国正在努力创造无烟的环境。
8【答案】C细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“The law aims at limiting smoking at home which might be hazardous for others’ health living under the same roof. In that case, it will be considered as “domestic violence”.”（这项法律旨在限制在家里吸烟，因为在同一屋檐下吸烟可能危害他人的健康。在这种情况下，吸烟将被视为“家庭暴力”。）可知，这项法律认为在同一屋檐下吸烟可能危害他人的健康，这种行为被视为“家庭暴力”。由此可知，泰国的新法律认为在家吸烟是一种家庭暴力。故选C项。
9【答案】B词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句中“The law aims at limiting smoking at home”（这项法律旨在限制在家里吸烟）可知，这项法律的目的是为了限制在家里吸烟，再结合生活常识可知，限制吸烟，是因为吸烟会导致家里的其他人成为被动吸烟者，这对他们的身体有害，“Harmful”意为“有害的”，符合句意。故选B项。
10【答案】D主旨大意题。根据第四段关键句“Smoking at home also may lead to physical or emotional violence because of aggressiveness (攻击性) when there is a lack of smoking, and might as well ruin relationships between smokers and non-smoker family members.”（在家里吸烟还可能导致身体或精神暴力，因为在缺乏吸烟的情况下人具有攻击性，还可能破坏吸烟的和不吸烟的家庭成员之间的关系。）可知，本段内容告诉我们吸烟可能导致身体或精神暴力，还可能破坏吸烟的和不吸烟的家庭成员之间的关系，这些都是吸烟给家庭带来的危害。由此可知，第四段的主要内容是介绍在家吸烟的不良后果。故选D项。
11【答案】D推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“The law aims at limiting smoking at home which might be hazardous for others’ health living under the same roof.”（这项法律旨在限制在家里吸烟，因为在同一屋檐下吸烟可能危害他人健康。）和最后一段关键句“In February in 2019, Thailand had banned smoking at six of its airports along with a ban in public places.”（2019年2月，泰国在公共场所实施禁烟令的同时，还禁止在6个机场吸烟。）可知，本文主要介绍了泰国为禁烟做出的努力，限制在家里吸烟，禁止在公共场所吸烟，禁止在6个机场吸烟等。由此可知，泰国正在努力创造无烟的环境。故选D项。
D
Let’s face it.You’re likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks you’re procrastinating (拖延) to learn how to stop procrastination, but the clock is ticking. So why can’t you seem to get rid of that
Though the psychological causes are still debated, there’s a human tendency to over or underestimate the value of a reward based on its temporal proximity (时间接近). This is often referred to as temporal discounting. For example, if I offered you$100 today or 110 in a month, most would take the hundred and run. But what if instead I offered you 100 dollars in a year or 110 in a year and one month, you might say to yourself if I can wait a year I can wait the extra month.
But the time and value difference are the exact same in each example. It turns out that human motivation is highly influenced by how near the reward is meaning the further away the reward is the more you discount its value. So being online is more appealing than preparing for your test. The problem is surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a future one.
So how do you overcome the urge to put off so many tasks
Unfortunately there is no definite answer, but try rewarding yourself with a timely snack or other enjoyable activities. The Pomodoro Technique makes use of a timer to work for 25 minutes straight and when you’ve done this give yourself the reward with a 5-minute break. Then start the working clock again, Gradually increasing the amount of work time you put in will improve your time management skills.
It’s been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits. And try to enjoy the process of achieving something instead of thinking only our minutes of suffering.
12. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. This article. B. Procrastination. C. An effort. D. The clock.
13. An example is given in Paragraph 2 to make the theory
A. interesting B. accurate C. understandable D. influential
14. Why is surfing online more attractive to students than studying
A. It helps them kill time faster.
B. It offers them more information.
C. It supplies instant rewards to them.
D. It strengthens the bond between friends.
15. What’s a suggested solution to procrastination
A. Rewarding yourself with a future gift.
B. Increasing the amount of work time.
C. Ignoring the process of doing the task.
D. Paying dearly for your procrastination.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一些摆脱拖延症的方法。
12【答案】B词句猜测题。根据第一段中You’re likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks you’re procrastinating (拖延) to learn how to stop procrastination, but the clock is ticking. 你读这篇文章可能是为了避免一些其他你正在拖延的任务，学习如何停止拖延，但是时间在滴答滴答地流逝。 可知，代词that指的是“拖延”。故选B项。
13【答案】C推理判断题。根据第二段中Though the psychological causes are still debated, there’s a human tendency to over or underestimate the value of a reward based on its temporal proximity (时间接近). This is often referred to as temporal discounting. 虽然心理原因仍有争议，但人类有一种倾向，基于其时间上的接近程度，会高估或低估奖励的价值。这通常被称为时间折现。可知，本段中给出了一个例子，以使该理论易于理解。故选C项。
14【答案】C细节理解题。根据第三段中 So being online is more appealing than preparing for your test. The problem is surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a future one. 所以上网比备考更有吸引力。问题是上网提供了许多小的快速和持续的奖励，不像你的考试成绩是未来的一个奖励。可知，上网比学习对学生更有吸引力是因为它给他们提供了即时的回报。故选C项。
15【答案】D推理判断题。根据最后一段中It’s been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits. 有证据表明，设定一个昂贵的期限也是管理工作习惯的有效方法。可知，为你的拖延付出高昂代价是对拖延症的一个建议。故选D项。
二
2021届广东省仲元中学高三下学期新高考模拟
C
In a recent study, researchers at Germany’s Technical University of Munich （TUM） find that trees in cities can grow up 25% faster than their country cousins. This is believed to be a direct result of the heat island effect, which is a situation where the temperature of the city is higher than the nearby rural areas. It’s mostly caused by the fact that buildings, roads, and many other things in the city take in a lot of sunlight and send out the sun’s heat more than natural landscapes such as forests and water bodies. A secondary cause is waste heat produced by heavy uses of energy.
For the study, TUM researchers studied 1,400 trees in 10 cities around the world, which were found in both city centers and nearby rural areas. Based on tree ring study, researchers found that city trees are growing faster than their rural cousins. But before the 1960s, both city and rural trees grew at about the same speed.“We can show that city trees of the same age are generally larger than rural trees because they grow faster. While the difference is about a quarter at the age of 50, it is still just under 20% at a hundred years of age,” lead author Hanz Pretzch says.
Researchers from TUM also found that in some cities, higher-than-normal temperatures have led to growing seasons that are more than eight days longer than the norm. This sounds like a good thing. But while fast -growing city trees are busy taking in CO2 and providing relief from the heat, they’ re also aging and dying at a faster speed than rural trees. As a result, these trees need to be replaced and replanted more frequently.
Considering the valuable “ecosystem services” that city trees provide, planning and management should follow to make a change with today’s tree growth speed. Pretzch and his team set out to perform the study largely in response to United Nation’s report that the world’s cities will experience population growth of more than 60% by 2030. And with such fast growth comes a great need for city trees that make these cities better places to live in.
8. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us
A. Cities need more trees to reduce the temperatures.
B. Humans lead to trees growing faster in cities.
C. Trees need scientific planting in rural areas.
D. Greenhouse effect is too serious in cities.
9. What can we learn from the findings of the research
A. Rural trees live twice longer than city trees.
B. City trees live for about 100 years at most.
C. Rural trees live much longer now than in the 1960s.
D. City trees grow faster at early years.
10. What is the result of city trees growing faster
A. Cities suffer more easily from natural disasters.
B. The temperatures in cities will fall greatly.
C. City trees have a shorter life circle.
D. More people move to rural areas.
11. Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A. Taking better care of urban trees
B. Planting more trees in urban areas
C. More researches to be done on urban trees
D. Urban trees growing faster than rural trees
【分析】本文是说明文。德国慕尼黑工业大学的研究人员发现：城市树木的生长速度比乡村树木快25%，但它们也在以更快的速度老化和死亡。
8【答案】B主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“In a recent study, researchers at Germany’s Technical University of Munich （TUM） find that trees in cities can grow up 25% faster than their country cousins. This is believed to be a direct result of the heat island effect, which is a situation where the temperature of the city is higher than the nearby rural areas” 在最近的一项研究中，德国慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)的研究人员发现，城市树木的生长速度比乡村树木快25%。这被认为是热岛效应的直接结果，即城市的温度高于附近的农村地区。可知，城市里面人比较多，会导致热岛效应，所以此段主要告诉了我们人类导致了城市里的树木生长得更快。故选B项。
9【答案】D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“While the difference is about a quarter at the age of 50, it is still just under 20% at a hundred years of age” 虽然在50岁时这一差距约为四分之一，但在100岁时这一差距仍略低于20%。由此可推知，城市树木在早期生长得更快。故选D项。
10【答案】C推理判断题。根据第三段“But while fast -growing city trees are busy taking in CO2 and providing relief from the heat, they’ re also aging and dying at a faster speed than rural trees. As a result, these trees need to be replaced and replanted more frequently.” 但是，在城市里快速生长的树木忙于吸收二氧化碳和减轻热量的同时，它们也在以比乡村树木更快的速度老化和死亡。因此，这些树木需要更频繁地更换和重新种植。可推知，城市树木的生命周期变短了。故选C项。
11【答案】D主旨大意题。根据第一段开头“In a recent study, researchers at Germany’s Technical University of Munich （TUM） find that trees in cities can grow up 25% faster than their country cousins.” 在最近的一项研究中，德国慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)的研究人员发现，城市树木的生长速度比乡村树木快25%，可知本文主要是围绕“树木在城市里生长得更快”这个主题展开的。故选项D最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
D
A new study published this week in the journal Nature Communications has concluded that a 100 percent change to organic (有机的) food production in England and Wales would actually lead to a great increase in greenhouse gas emissions (排放). In turn, this would contribute to further climate change.
Although organic farming directly pours out fewer emissions than conventional farming—around 20 percent lower for crops and 4 percent for farm animals—it produces notably less food. As to this study’s findings, total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food. With less food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports, which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions.
Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon, a process where carbon dioxide (CO2) is “absorbed” out of the atmosphere and captured by plants and stored in the soil. However, even a total change to organic farming would only be equal to a tiny part of the higher emissions from overseas land use.
“We predict a drop in total food production of 40 percent under a fully organic farming process, compared to conventional farming, if we keep to the same national diet,” Dr Adrian Williams, lead author and reader in Agri-Environmental Systems at Cranfield University, said in a statement. “This results from lower crop quantity, because output is limited by a lower supply of nitrogen, which is mainly from other crops or solid waste from cattle on the grassland.”
Nevertheless, it is important to note that organic farming still holds some useful benefits for the environment, such as reducing exposure to chemicals and improving the varieties of creatures. In conclusion, the study suggests that organic farming will continue to play a key role in resolving the world’s environmental problems. However, it’s just one part of a much wider solution.
12. What will total organic agriculture bring to England
A. More main food. B. More species crop.
C. More food imports. D. More fresh oxygen.
13. How does organic farming increase the amount of absorbing carbon
A. By taking in CO2. B. By changing CO2.
C. By giving off CO2. D. By producing CO2.
14. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The ways to reduce organic farming. B. The results caused by organic farming.
C. The solution to the environment problems. D. The advantages of organic farming.
15. Which of the following is the best title of the text
A. Organic farming, green food B. Organic farming, our hope in future
C. Organic farming, a mistake we made D. Organic farming, a double-edged sword
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了有机农业存在的弊端和优点。
12【答案】C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句With less food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports, which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions. 由于市场上的粮食减少，这些国家将需要增加粮食进口，这将产生更多的全球温室气体排放。可知，有机农业自身产量不足，那就需要增加食品进口量。故选C。
13【答案】A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句However, even a total change to organic farming would only be equal to a tiny part of the higher emissions from overseas land use. 然而，即使完全转向有机农业，也只相当于海外土地使用带来的更高排放的一小部分。可知，有机农业也增加了对碳的吸收，在这个过程中，二氧化碳从大气中被“吸收”进来，被植物捕获并存在土壤中。故选A。
14【答案】D主旨大意题。根据最后一段Nevertheless, it is important to note that organic farming still holds some useful benefits for the environment, such as reducing exposure to chemicals and improving the varieties of creatures. 然而，必须指出的是，有机农业仍然对环境有一些有益的好处，例如减少接触化学品和改善生物的种类。可知，该段讲述的是有机农业仍然对环境有一些好处。故选D。
15【答案】D主旨大意题。文章介绍了有机农业有一些弊端，但目前它还有很多优点。它对环境有好处也有一定的危害，所以它是一把双刃剑。故选D。
三
2021届广东湛江第一中学高三下学期英语高考模拟试题
C
Whether it's studying for exams, working on a project or struggling with an essay, we've all been under huge stress at some point. When it gets hard for us to bear, we can reach a level of exhaustion — the terrible burnout (倦怠). However, that feeling of exhaustion is not just physical; it can be mental as well.
According to Psychology Today, burnout isn't just caused by working long hours; it is more about prolonged or repeated exposure to a stressful situation.
Its result can be feelings of cynicism depression and lethargy (嗜睡). Suffering from burnout can stifle (扼杀) our creativity and productivity. Ironically, this means that striving to be more efficient can result in a reduction in our productivity. But what can we do to avoid the evils of burnout Well, there are some tips that may help you.
Psychologist Albert Bandura's idea of self-efficacy — which is the theory that you should believe in your ability to complete a task at hand — may assist you. A feeling that the task is achievable and that you are capable of succeeding might make a difficult task less tiresome.
Finding ways to express your creative side may help. Not everyone has creative aspects to their jobs, therefore, they need to find other outlets. They could paint, write or take part in local theatre. All of this may help to free them from the stress that may exist in their working life.
Looking after yourself and your surroundings can also be beneficial. The consequence is that you are surrounded by a cleaner and more positive environment. This, in turn, leads to another tip, which is to have healthy and positive thoughts. Being negative can be incredibly draining (心力交瘁的). Having a positive mental attitude towards everything you do means that you may feel more capable as well.
Burnout is a common condition associated with the pressures of the modern world. It's not just a physical condition; it has psychological effects that can impact heavily on your work and life in general. Taking steps to avoid burning out can benefit not just us, but our bosses and families.
8. What is the main reason for burnout
A. Lack of sleep.
B. Working long hours.
C. Struggling with an essay.
D. Being under stressful situations.
9. What effect will burnout have on your work
A. Making a task easier.
B. Being less creative.
C. Working more efficiently.
D. Completing work quickly.
10. In which way can you avoid the evils of burnout
A. Focus on your work anyway.
B. Doubt your ability in working.
C. Expose yourself to positive surroundings.
D. Find your creative aspects in the job.
11. Which can be the best title for the text
A. Burnout: A mental condition that deserves attention
B. Burnout: A physical condition that can be ignored
C. Why are people under huge stress in modern life
D. Why can stress affect your work and life
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了倦怠不仅是身体上的，精神上也会发生倦怠，并且要去克服倦怠。
8【答案】D细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to Psychology Today, burnout isn't just caused by working long hours; it is more about prolonged or repeated exposure to a stressful situation. (据《今日心理学》报道，倦怠不仅仅是由于长时间工作造成的；它更多的是指长期或反复地暴露在压力环境中)”可知，倦怠多发生于长期压力下。故选D项。
9【答案】B细节理解题。根据第三段“Suffering from burnout can stifle (扼杀) our creativity and productivity. (倦怠会扼杀我们的创造力和生产力)”可知，倦怠会使得创造性降低。故选B项。
10【答案】C推理判断题。根据第五段三四句“They could paint, write or take part in local theatre. All of this may help to free them from the stress that may exist in their working life. (他们可以画画、写作或参加当地的戏剧演出。所有这些都可以帮助他们从工作生活中可能存在的压力中解脱出来)”和第六段一二句“Looking after yourself and your surroundings can also be beneficial. The consequence is that you are surrounded by a cleaner and more positive environment.(照顾好自己和周围的环境也是有益的。这样做的结果是你会被一个更干净、更积极的环境所包围)”可推断，要尽量使自己以及周围的人保持积极的心态，才能避免倦怠带来的危害。故选C项。
11【答案】A主旨大意题。通读全文内容，根据文章第一段最后一句“However, that feeling of exhaustion is not just physical; it can be mental as well. (然而，这种疲惫感并不仅仅是身体上的；它也可以是精神上的)”和最后一段第二句“It's not just a physical condition; it has psychological effects that can impact heavily on your work and life in general. (这不仅仅是一种身体状况；它的心理效应会对你的工作和生活产生很大的影响)”及全文可知，倦怠不仅是生理上的状态，也是精神上的，这个问题值得关注，不容忽视由此可知，Burnout: A mental condition that deserves attention(倦怠：一种值得关注的精神状态)适合做本文最佳标题。故选A项。
D
Facing increasing pressure to raise students' scores on standardized tests, schools are urging kids to work harder by offering them obvious encouragements. Happy Meals are at the low end of the scale. With the help of businesses, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, and — in a growing number of cases — cold, hard cash. The appeal of such programs is obvious, but the consequences of tying grades to goods are still uncertain. It's been a common tradition in middle class families to reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life. But for many disadvantaged minority children, the long term benefits of getting an education are not so clear, according to experts.
No one knows for sure how well cash and other big ticket rewards work in education in the long run. But there are plenty of concerns that this kind of practice could have negative effects on kids. Virginia Shiller, a clinical psychologist, says that it's worth experimenting with cash encouragements but that tying them to success on a test is not a worthwhile goal. “I'd rather see rewards based on effort and responsibility — things that will lead to success in life，” she says.
Even if rewards don't lead to individual achievement on a test, they could have a meaningful effect in the school. Charles McVean, a businessman and philanthropist (慈善家), started a tutoring program which pays higher achieving students $10 an hour to tutor struggling classmates and divides them into teams. During the course of the year, students bond and compete. The team posting the highest math scores wins the top cash prize of $100. McVean calls the combination of peer (同龄人) tutoring, competition，and cash encouragements a recipe for “nothing less than magic”．
For its part, the Seminole County Public Schools system in Florida plans to continue its report card encouragement program through the rest of the school year. The local McDonald's restaurants help the poor district by paying the $1,600 cost of printing the report card. Regina Klaers, the district spokeswoman, says most parents don't seem bothered by the Happy Meals rewards. “There are many ways we try to urge students to do well, and sometimes it's through the stomach, and sometimes it's the probability of students winning a car，” she says. “One size doesn't fit all.”
12. According to the text, it is a common practice for schools to ________.
A. offer free meals to students with high scores
B. tie students' grades to material rewards
C. educate students to form a business sense
D. cooperate with business to improve teaching
13. According to the text, the long term results of giving students cash as rewards in education are ________.
A. negative B. optimistic
C. uncertain D. disappointing
14. The tutoring program run by Charles McVean ________.
A. hires some excellent teachers to teach the struggling students
B. has a meaningful effect in inspiring students' enthusiasm on study
C. is a program combining tutoring, competition and future job offers
D. rewards the student with the highest scores with cash prize of $100
15. We can learn that in Seminole County ________.
A. there are various ways to inspire students to study hard
B. many parents are not satisfied with the Happy Meals rewards
C. the local McDonald's restaurants provide the rewards for poor students
D. people are searching for a good for all method to urge students to do well
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了物质奖励对学生的成绩是否有促进作用。
12【答案】B推理判断题。根据文章第一段第三句 With the help of businesses, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, and — in a growing number of cases — cold, hard cash. The appeal of such programs is obvious, but the consequences of tying grades to goods are still uncertain.可知，在企业的帮助下，学校还赠送汽车、ipod、篮球比赛的座位，而且在越来越多的情况下，还赠送现金。这些项目的吸引力显而易见，但将分数与物品挂钩的后果仍不确定。由此推断出，将学生的成绩与物质奖励联系起来已成了学校的一个惯例。故选B。
13【答案】C细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句No one knows for sure how well cash and other big ticket rewards work in education in the long run. 可知，从长远来看，没有人确切知道现金和其他大额奖励在教育中的作用。所以给学生现金作为奖励在教育中产生的长远结果还不确定。故选C。
14【答案】B推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句Even if rewards don't lead to individual achievement on a test, they could have a meaningful effect in the school. 可知，即使奖励不会导致个人在考试中取得成绩，但在学校里可能会产生有意义的影响及其后面列举的Charles McVean的辅导项目可推知，本段用Charles McVean的辅导项目来说明奖励对激发学生的学习热情有重要影响。故选B。
15【答案】A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句There are many ways we try to urge students to do well... 可知，Seminole County有各种各样鼓励学生努力学习的方法。故选A。
四
2021届湖南衡阳市第八中学高三下学期新高考模拟
C
About 12 million tons of plastic wastes are entering the oceans every year. This garbage pollutes the water, kills wildlife and breaks down into small pieces that fish and other creatures eat.
Now a group of Spanish fishermen will receive economic support to catch plastics. It is part of a new project. Carlos Martin is one of the fishermen taking part in the project. He and his partners collect the plastic in the ocean and bring it back to land every week. Martin thinks rivers carry a lot of plastics to the sea. He says his most concern is no more than that the plastics often get caught in the nets, which makes nets not work properly. They take on mud（泥）, causing the nets to break because they weigh so much.
Under the new programs, one million pounds will support ocean cleanup efforts for fishermen like Martin. The money is coming from the European Union and the Catalan government. Sergi Tudela, the General Director of Catalonia Fisheries, is responsible for the cleanup project. He said, "We are hopeful that if we are successful in this project, we can apply it to other areas in the Mediterranean（地中海）."
Government reports show that the amount of plastic wastes washing up along the Spanish coastline has grown by 65 percent in just six years. Fishing equipment makes up a large part of the about 8 to 12 million tons of plastics left in the world's oceans every year.
Martin says the fishing community now understands how big the problem is. He says, "In the past we didn't see it that way. We took the plastic garbage and threw it back into the water. I think that after a few year here we have realized the problem. Nothing is thrown into the water; we collect everything and bring it to shore.
8. What worries Martin most about plastic wastes at the beginning
A. They pollute the sea environment.
B. They affect the quality and taste of fish.
C. They prevent the fishing nets from working well.
D. They kill wildlife and reduce his fishing amount.
9. What does Sergi Tudela probably consider doing
A. Getting more money to support the project.
B. Getting help from other European countries.
C. Spreading the cleanup project to more places.
D. Praising the European Union for their helping to the oceans.
10. What do Martin's words in the last paragraph imply（暗示）about the fishing community
A. Its members do a lot of work for free.
B. It has stopped using plastic fishing equipment.
C It has made positive changes to fight plastic wastes.
D. Its members find people sill throw the garbage carelessly.
11. What would be the best title for the text
A. New programs are changing fishermen's life
B. Money is given to Spanish fishermen to clean up oceans
C. Traditional fishing equipment causes a lot of plastic wastes
D. Spanish fishermen are encouraging people to clean up oceans
【分析】这是一篇说明文。西班牙渔民将获得一些经济补助，以帮助他们清理海洋中的塑料垃圾。
8【答案】C细节理解题。根据第二段中“He says his most concern is no more than that the plastics often get caught in the nets, which makes nets not work properly. They take on mud（泥）, causing the nets to break because they weigh so much.”（ 他说，他最关心的不过是渔网会经常兜住塑料，使网不能正常工作。它们沾着泥浆，破坏渔网，因为它们太重了。）可知，起初Martin最担心的是塑料垃圾使渔网无法正常工作。故选C项。
9【答案】C推理判断题。根据第三段中Sergi Tudela 说的话“We are hopeful that if we are successful in this project, we can apply it to other areas in the Mediterranean（地中海）.”（我们希望，如果这个项目取得成功，我们可以将其应用到地中海其他地区。）可知，Sergi Tudela可能会考虑将清理工作扩展到更多的地方。故选C项。
10【答案】C推理判断题。根据最后一段中Martin说的话“Nothing is thrown into the water; we collect everything and bring it to shore.”（没有任何东西被扔进水里；我们把所有的东西都收集起来，带上岸。）可知，Martin的话暗示了，对于消灭塑料垃圾，他们已经做出了许多积极的变化。故选C项。
11【答案】B主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段中“Now a group of Spanish fishermen will receive economic support to catch plastics.”（现在，一群西班牙渔民将得到捕捞塑料的经济支持。）可知，本文主要讲述了西班牙渔民获得一些经济上的补助，以帮助他们清理海洋中的塑料垃圾。选项B“西班牙渔民会得到钱来清理海洋”紧贴主题，清楚地说明了人物和事件，适合做标题。故选B项。
D
Once there was a circle that was missing a piece. A large triangular wedge (三角形楔子) had been cut out of it. The circle wanted to be whole with nothing missing, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete, it could roll only very slowly. As it rolled slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. It found lots of different pieces, but none of them fit. So it left them all by the side of the road and kept on searching. Then one day the circle found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now it could be whole, with nothing missing. It took the missing piece into itself and began to roll. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice the flowers or talk to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.
The lesson of the story was that in some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to yearn (渴望), to hope, to nourish (滋养) his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted and never had. There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, who can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.
When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciating it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others can only long for. That, I believe, is what God asks of us — not “Be perfect”, not “Don’t ever make a mistake”, but “Be whole”. And in the end, if we are brave enough to love, strong enough to forgive, generous enough to rejoice in another’s happiness, and wise enough to know there is enough love to go around for us all, then we can achieve a fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know.
12. According to paragraph 1, the circle gives up the missing piece, because __________.
A. it is not the perfect fit for the circle
B. it is different from the circle’s wish
C. it stops the circle from enjoying life
D. it slows down the speed of the circle
13. According to the author, why is the man who has everything in some ways a poor man
A Because this man hasn’t found his missing piece.
B. Because this man could no longer nourish his soul.
C. Because this man never has someone who loves him.
D. Because this man has nothing left for him to live for.
14. The phrase “come to terms with” in paragraph 2 is probably closest in meaning to __________.
A abandon B. accept C. adjust D. assess
15. According to the passage, the wholeness of life is __________.
A. an attitude to accept and live with the imperfect selves
B. a kind of care for all the people around as well as ourselves
C. the ability to avoid making any kind of mistake in our lives
D. the appreciation of nature, like flowers, worms, sunshine
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过例子说明在某种意义上，当我们失去了一些东西时，我们会变得更加完整。我们要带着这种不完美的心态去用心生活。
12【答案】C.推理判断题。根据文章第一段句子“As it rolled slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine.”（它慢慢地滚动着，欣赏着沿途的花儿。它和虫子聊天。它享受着阳光。）可知，当圆圈缺了一块时，它只能慢慢滚动，它的生活很丰富多彩。根据第一段最后一句“When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.”（当它意识到当它滚动得如此之快时，世界是多么的不同，它停了下来，把找到的那块放在路边，慢慢地滚走了。）可知，圆圈放弃变得完美，就是因为变成完美后阻止了它继续享受生活。故选C项。
13【答案】D推理判断题。根据文章第二段句子“He will never know what it feels like to yearn (渴望), to hope, to nourish (滋养) his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted and never had.”（ 他永远不会知道渴望、希望、用梦想滋养灵魂感觉。他永远不会体会到让一个爱他的人给他一些他一直想要却从未拥有的东西的经历。）可知，如果一个人拥有了一切，那么他就失去了生活的追求和激情。故选D项。
14【答案】B词句猜测题。根据划线短语后面的内容“who has been brave enough to let go his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so.”（他勇敢地放弃了他的不切实际的梦想，并没有因为这样做而感到失败。）可知，一个完整的人会“接受”他的局限性。划线部分与accept意思相近，故选B项。
15【答案】A推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciating it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others can only long for.”（ 当我们接受不完美是人类的一部分，我们能够继续在生活中滚动向前并欣赏它时，我们将获得别人渴望的完整。）可知，完整的人生就是一种能接受不完美并且带着这种心态继续生活的态度。故选A项。
五
2021届湖南省吉首市第一中学高三下学期新高考模拟
C
By the year 2050, a fifth of the world’s cities will experience unprecedented climate conditions and environments that currently don’t exist in any major cities, according to new research. A team of scientists at the Crowther Lab in Switzerland produced the report, which described the climate for 520 major cities 30 years in the future.
The results showed that 77 percent of the world’s cities will experience a surprising change in climate conditions by 2050, and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities.
In China in 2050, the climate of Xi’an, in Shanxi province, will be similar to that of current day Maseru, the capital city of Lesotho in southern Africa, with the maximum temperature of the warmest month likely to increase by 4.59℃. Chongqing in southwest China will resemble the climate of Swaziland capital Mbabane, as the warmest temperature is predicted to rise by 5.1℃.
Scientists predict summers in Europe will get warmer by an average of 3.5℃ and European winters will see temperature rises of 4.7℃. London’s climate will be more similar lo Barcelona, and Madrid’s to Marrakech.
The Crowther Lab hopes the analysis will motivate decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent or address some of the climate effects due to the threat of climate change. The report also found that cities in tropical regions will experience smaller changes in average temperature but will be controlled by shifts in rainfall regimes. This may lead to a noticeable increase in unexpected events, and severe droughts.
“Across all scientific fields, the greatest challenge in climate science is no longer the precise measurement of climate change impacts, but inspiring people to picture is actual effects in order to motivate action,” said Tom Crowther, senior scientist und founder of the Crowther Lab.
8. According to the research, among the 520 cities by 2050, about ________ cities will experience the climate conditions that no major cities currently have experienced.
A. 400 B. 114 C. 260 D. 104
9. How did the scientists prove their result
A. By listing figures. B. By making comparisons.
C. By doing experiments. D. By explaining theory.
10. What is the Crowther Lab intended for
A. To compare the climate change of the major cities of the world.
B. To inspire people to picture its actual effects in order to motivate action.
C. To inspire decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent some climate effects.
D. To show most word’s cities will experience a striking change in climate conditions.
11. What is the best title of the passage
A. World Temperature B. Current Climate Change
C Big Titles in the World D. Future Climate Change in Most Big Cities
【分析】这是一篇说明文。通过数据例举讲述了到2050年，世界上许多大城市的气候将变暖，呼吁人类要尽快采取措施。
8【答案】B细节理解题。根据第二段中“and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities.(520个城市中有22%的气候状况将不再是任何现存的大城市都经历过的样子)”可知，520中的22%大约就是114，所以到2050年，大约有114个城市将面临气候条件的变化。故选B。
9【答案】A推理判断题。根据第二段中 “The results showed that 77 percent of the world’s cities will experience a surprising change in climate conditions by 2050, and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities. ”以及第三段和第四段中“with the maximum temperature of the warmest month likely to increase by 4.59℃. as the warmest temperature is predicted to rise by 5.1℃. Scientists predict summers in Europe will get warmer by an average of 3.5℃ and European winters will see temperature rises of 4.7℃.”所列举的具体数据可知，这些科学家通过列出具体的数据来佐证他们的研究结果。故选A。
10【答案】C细节理解题。根据第五段中“The Crowther Lab hopes the analysis will motivate decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent or address some of the climate effects due to the threat of climate change.(The Crowther Lab希望这项分析将激励决策者采取必要的措施，以防止或解决气候变化威胁造成的一些气候影响)”可知，the Crowther Lab的目的就是激励决策者采取必要的措施来防止一些气候影响。故选C。
11【答案】D主旨大意题。根据第一段中“By the year 2050, a fifth of the world’s cities will experience unprecedented climate conditions and environments that currently don’t exist in any major cities, according to new research.(据最新研究报道，到2050年，世界上有五分之一的城市将面临前所未有的气候条件和环境的变化，那将是在目前任何一个主要城市都没有出过的)”以及后文进行的具体论证可知，文章主要介绍了对未来的一些大城市气候变化的预测。D项：“一些重大城市的未来气候变化”符合题意，做文章的标题。故选D。
D
Let’s face it.You’re likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks you’re procrastinating (拖延) to learn how to stop procrastination, but the clock is ticking. So why can’t you seem to get rid of that
Though the psychological causes are still debated, there’s a human tendency to over or underestimate the value of a reward based on its temporal proximity (时间接近). This is often referred to as temporal discounting. For example, if I offered you$100 today or 110 in a month, most would take the hundred and run. But what if instead I offered you 100 dollars in a year or 110 in a year and one month, you might say to yourself if I can wait a year I can wait the extra month.
But the time and value difference are the exact same in each example. It turns out that human motivation is highly influenced by how near the reward is meaning the further away the reward is the more you discount its value. So being online is more appealing than preparing for your test. The problem is surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a future one.
So how do you overcome the urge to put off so many tasks
Unfortunately there is no definite answer, but try rewarding yourself with a timely snack or other enjoyable activities. The Pomodoro Technique makes use of a timer to work for 25 minutes straight and when you’ve done this give yourself the reward with a 5-minute break. Then start the working clock again, Gradually increasing the amount of work time you put in will improve your time management skills.
It’s been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits. And try to enjoy the process of achieving something instead of thinking only our minutes of suffering.
12. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. This article. B. Procrastination. C. An effort. D. The clock.
13. An example is given in Paragraph 2 to make the theory
A. interesting B. accurate C. understandable D. influential
14. Why is surfing online more attractive to students than studying
A. It helps them kill time faster.
B. It offers them more information.
C. It supplies instant rewards to them.
D. It strengthens the bond between friends.
15. What’s a suggested solution to procrastination
A. Rewarding yourself with a future gift.
B. Increasing the amount of work time.
C. Ignoring the process of doing the task.
D. Paying dearly for your procrastination.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一些摆脱拖延症的方法。
12【答案】B词句猜测题。根据第一段中You’re likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks you’re procrastinating (拖延) to learn how to stop procrastination, but the clock is ticking. 你读这篇文章可能是为了避免一些其他你正在拖延的任务，学习如何停止拖延，但是时间在滴答滴答地流逝。 可知，代词that指的是“拖延”。故选B项。
13【答案】C推理判断题。根据第二段中Though the psychological causes are still debated, there’s a human tendency to over or underestimate the value of a reward based on its temporal proximity (时间接近). This is often referred to as temporal discounting. 虽然心理原因仍有争议，但人类有一种倾向，基于其时间上的接近程度，会高估或低估奖励的价值。这通常被称为时间折现。可知，本段中给出了一个例子，以使该理论易于理解。故选C项。
14【答案】C细节理解题。根据第三段中 So being online is more appealing than preparing for your test. The problem is surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a future one. 所以上网比备考更有吸引力。问题是上网提供了许多小的快速和持续的奖励，不像你的考试成绩是未来的一个奖励。可知，上网比学习对学生更有吸引力是因为它给他们提供了即时的回报。故选C项。
15【答案】D推理判断题。根据最后一段中It’s been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits. 有证据表明，设定一个昂贵的期限也是管理工作习惯的有效方法。可知，为你的拖延付出高昂代价是对拖延症的一个建议。故选D项。
六
2021届福建省福州一中高三下学期新高考模拟
C
Beijing resident Hou Lixin started eating meal replacement products in February when she wanted to lose weight. She bought various meal replacement products online and ate them for more than a month.
“Most of them don’t taste good, but at least they have low calories and are convenient to buy, store and cook,” she said, adding the product she consumed gave a strong sense of fullness.
Hou is by no means alone. Meal replacement products, or substitutes for regular meals that can fill you up with low-calorie intakes, appear as a potential big market in China, driven by Chinese consumer’ demand for products that can help in weight control and offer convenience, experts said.
The most common meal replacement products include powders, liquids, shakes, porridges and energy bars containing fiber, protein, vitamin, minerals and other nutritious content.
The meal replacement market is at the early stage of competition and there is big room for future development, like in the United States and Japan. Euromonitor International, a market research company, said sales revenue of meal replacement products in China hit 57.17 billion yuan in 2017 and is expected to reach 120 billion yuan by 2022. More fast-moving consumer goods giants are partaking in the market action. PepsiCo’s oat brand Quaker released a new shake product in June. A major Chinese snack brand Bestore released 27 meal replacement products in August.
Jia Jianbin, secretary general at Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, told CCTV reporter that despite its possible effectiveness that many people believe, this way of weight loss may bring greater harm as it breaks the balance of nutrition and food. As a result, it can only be a temporary move, not a long-term use.
“Cereal meal replacement powder, for example, is mainly composed of carbohydrates (碳水化合物), which have enough calories，but the vitamins and minerals are not enough. Instead, it is better to soak oatmeal (燕麦片) in milk, which may be more nutritious and more economical,” said Gu Zhongyi, a dietitian of the Beijing Dietetic Association. “Meal replacements can be an alternative for busy workers, but they are no substitute for a balanced diet, and try not to eat more than one meal a day.”
8. The author quotes the example of Hou Lixin to _________.
A. show an efficient way to lose weight
B. promote the meal replacement products
C. introduce the topic of meal replacement products
D. arouse readers’ interest in the meal replacement products
9. Why are meal replacement products popular among many Chinese consumers
A. Because they are highly recommended by health experts.
B. Because they are helpful to control weight and bring convenience.
C. Because they have a large market share in the food market.
D. Because they provide various forms and flavors for the consumers.
10. What does the underlined word “partaking” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Participating. B. Advertising.
C. Experimenting. D. Cooperating.
11. What attitude do Jia Jianbin and Gu Zhongyi have towards the meal replacement products
A. Cautious. B. Favorable.
C. Disapproving. D. Confused.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对代餐产品市场的火爆和专家们对此所持的态度进行了说明。
8【答案】C目的意图题。根据第三段第一句和第二句“Hou is by no means alone. Meal replacement products, or substitutes for regular meals that can fill you up with low-calorie intakes, appear as a potential big market in China, driven by Chinese consumer’ demand for products that can help in weight control and offer convenience, experts said.(侯立新绝非个例。专家称，由于中国消费者对有助于控制体重和提供方便的产品的需求，膳食替代产品，即可以用低热量摄入填饱肚子的常规膳食的替代品，在中国似乎是一个潜在的大市场)”可知，作者以侯立新为例是为了介绍代餐产品的话题。故选C。
9【答案】B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Meal replacement products, or substitutes for regular meals that can fill you up with low-calorie intakes, appear as a potential big market in China, driven by Chinese consumer’ demand for products that can help in weight control and offer convenience, experts said. (专家称，由于中国消费者对有助于控制体重和提供方便的产品的需求，膳食替代产品，即可以用低热量摄入填饱肚子的常规膳食的替代品，在中国似乎是一个潜在的大市场)”可知，因为它们有助于控制体重和带来方便，所以代餐产品在许多中国消费者中非常流行。故选B。
10【答案】A词句猜测题。根据第五段最后两句“PepsiCo’s oat brand Quaker released a new shake product in June. A major Chinese snack brand Bestore released 27 meal replacement products in August. (百事公司的燕麦品牌桂格在六月发布了一款新的奶昔产品。今年8月，中国主要的零食品牌百思买推出了27款代餐产品)”可推知，更多的快消品巨头也参与了市场行动。fast-moving consumer goods giants (快消品巨头)指的就是桂格、百思买等公司。由此推知，划线词partaking意为“加入，参加”。故选A。
11【答案】C观点态度题。根据倒第二段第一句“Jia Jianbin, secretary general at Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, told CCTV reporter that despite its possible effectiveness that many people believe, this way of weight loss may bring greater harm as it breaks the balance of nutrition and food. ”(中国粮油协会秘书长贾建斌告诉央视记者，尽管很多人认为这种减肥方式可能有效，但它可能带来更大的危害，因为它打破了营养和食物的平衡。)和最后一段最后一句“Meal replacements can be an alternative for busy workers, but they are no substitute for a balanced diet, and try not to eat more than one meal a day.”(代餐可以替代忙碌的工人，但他们不能替代均衡的饮食，尽量不吃超过一餐一天。)可知，这两人认为代餐的坏处大过好处，所以对此持否定态度。故选C。
D
Looking at a pile of old photos, I couldn’t help feeling rather regretful.
I’ve never got into the habit of sorting out photos. However, it’s almost a habit of mine to have photos taken thoughtlessly. Thus, photos have been piling up in my childhood to womanhood. In spite of that, those black-and-white pictures taken in my early years are rarely kept, except a few survivals regarded as antiques. The bald baby picture of me that I treasured, the only one left, it’s now missing.
Familiar faces flash one by one before my eyes. Though the world is so small and we all live in it, yet we are separated by physical and psychological distances, some smaller, some larger. With the passage of time, one cannot, regretfully relive (重温) it with the same feeling as one had in the picture. What one can get from the old photos is but a bit of the past joy.
One takes pictures with different persons in different time and places. They fill one with nostalgia (怀旧) in various degrees — some more, some less, and others none. That’s why one has conflicting feelings towards the old photos. Still kept with the current ones, they’re even less favored than a daily-used cup, which is always close to the owner.
How these pieces of thought influence me! Photos keep our images rather than our sentiment, which may not remain. The image is always there but not its owner, whom the photo can’t keep, neither can it keep the event.
Of course, there are some of the photos still holding my affection, such as those taken with my family members, with favorite playmates, fellow girl-students and best friends, not only in pictures but also in my life and heart.
Now, since I have learned all this, I will not allow myself to be included casually in a photo taken with others. I’ll make sure that the friendship can last before I take a photo with somebody.
12. Why did the writer have only a few black-and-white pictures
A. She took fewer of them. B. She took photos thoughtlessly.
C. She didn’t take good care of them. D. She only liked the bald baby picture.
13. What can we get from the old photos according to the writer
A. All the past events. B. All the past excitement.
C. Some past happiness. D. The everlasting memory.
14. What does the underlined word “sentiment” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Feeling. B. Thought. C. Look. D. Influence.
15. What is the writer likely to do when asked to take photos with others
A. To take the photo happily. B. To refuse the request politely.
C. To ignore the request casually. D. To think carefully before action.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者因为没有整理和保存照片的习惯，如今只有几张黑白照片留了下来。作者从这些老照片中能够得到一些昔日的快乐，照片虽然能够保留人的影像，却不能保留情感，这也让作者如今在被要求与他人拍照时，可能会三思而后行。
12【答案】C细节理解题。根据第二段中“I’ve never got into the habit of sorting out photos. However, it’s almost a habit of mine to have photos taken thoughtlessly. Thus, photos have been piling up in my childhood to womanhood. In spite of that, those black-and-white pictures taken in my early years are rarely kept, except a few survivals regarded as antiques.”可知我从来没有养成整理照片的习惯。然而，不加考虑地拍照几乎成了我的习惯。于是，从童年到成年的照片就一直堆积着。尽管如此，那些我早年拍摄的黑白照片很少被保存下来，除了几张被视为古董的幸存照片。由此可知，作者只有几张黑白照片，是因为她没有好好整理和保存这些照片。故选C。
13【答案】C细节理解题。根据第三段中“What one can get from the old photos is but a bit of the past joy.”可知从这些老照片中，我们能得到的只是一点昔日的欢乐。由此可知，根据作者的说法，我们能从这些老照片中得到一些昔日的快乐。故选C。
14【答案】A词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“The image is always there but not its owner, whom the photo can’t keep, neither can it keep the event.(照片总是在那里，但它的主人却不在那里，照片既不能保存主人，也不能保存事件)”以及倒数第二段“Of course, there are some of the photos still holding my affection, such as those taken with my family members, with favorite playmates, fellow girl-students and best friends, not only in pictures but also in my life and heart.(当然，也有一些照片仍然保留着我的感情，比如和家人，和玩伴，和同学，和最好的朋友，不仅在照片上，而且在我的生命里和心里)”可知作者认为照片保存的是人们的形象，而不是我们的情感，由此可知，画线词意思为“情感”。A. Feeling.情感；B. Thought.想法；C. Look.样子；D. Influence.影响。故选A。
15【答案】D细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now, since I have learned all this, I will not allow myself to be included casually in a photo taken with others. I’ll make sure that the friendship can last before I take a photo with somebody.”可知现在，因为我学会了这些，我就不会再让自己随便出现在与他人的合影中了。在我和某人合影之前，我要确保这段友谊能持续下去。由此可知，当被要求与他人拍照时，作者可能会三思而后行。故选D。
七
2021届福建省厦门市高三毕业班第三次质量检测
C
Life continually requires that we write down a few words of thanks: for holidays, meals, presents or people’s place in our hearts. However, too often, our messages end up flat or somewhat unconvincing. To make our messages more effective, we might take a lesson from the history of art.
To some extent, what distinguishes great from common art is the level of detail with which the world has been studied. A talented artist is, first and foremost, someone who takes us into the specifics of the reasons why an experience or a place felt valuable. They don’t merely tell us that spring is ‘nice’, they zero in on the particular contributing factors to this niceness: leaves that have the softness of a newborn’s hands, the contrast between a warm sun and a sharp breeze, the soft cry of baby blackbirds....
Some of the reason why great artists are rare is that our minds are not well set up to understand why we feel as we do. But we can be confident if our minds have been affected, the reasons why they’ve been so will be somewhere, waiting to be uncovered. We stand to realise that it wasn’t so much that the food was ‘delicious’; but that the potatoes in particular had a charming rosemary and garlic flavour. A friend wasn’t just ‘nice’; they brought in a hugely sensitive and generous tone to bear in asking us what it had been like for us when we suffered. The details will be there, waiting for us to catch them.
We don’t have to be great artists to send effective thank-you notes. We just need to locate and hold on tightly to two or three highly detailed reasons for our gratitude.
8 What can we infer from paragraph 1
A. We seldom express gratitude by writing.
B. We usually find messages of thanks touching.
C. We should take a course for message writing.
D. We may draw inspiration for thank-yous from arts.
9. What does the underlined phrase “zero in on” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Leave out. B. Clear up. C. Focus on. D. Hold back.
10. How is paragraph 3 developed
A. By classification. B. By example. C. By definition. D. By process.
11. Which would the author recommend to express gratitude
A. I am blessed to have such a wonderful week.
B. Your caring and warm smile lights up my day.
C. Thank you so much for your great present.
D. This is the most delicious dinner I’ve ever had.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为在表达感谢时应该找到并紧紧抓住两三个非常详细的理由。
8【答案】D推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“To make our messages more effective, we might take a lesson from the history of art.(为了使我们的信息更有效，我们可以从艺术史上吸取教训)”可知，我们可以从艺术中得到写感谢信的灵感。故选D。
9【答案】C词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“leaves that have the softness of a newborn’s hands, the contrast between a warm sun and a sharp breeze, the soft cry of baby blackbirds....(树叶有新生儿的手的柔软，温暖的太阳和刺骨的微风的对比，小黑鸟轻柔的叫声……)”可知，“the particular contributing factors to this niceness(造成这种美好的特殊因素)”就是指树叶有新生儿的手的柔软，温暖的太阳和刺骨的微风的对比，小黑鸟轻柔的叫声等等，再根据最后一句中的“They don’t merely tell us that spring is ‘nice’(他们不仅仅告诉我们春天很好)”可知，此处是指他们不仅仅只说春天很好，还专注在描写细节上，告诉我们因为什么春天很好。所以“zero in on”意为“专注于”。故选C。
10【答案】B推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“But we can be confident if our minds have been affected, the reasons why they’ve been so will be somewhere, waiting to be uncovered.(但我们可以相信，如果我们的思想受到了影响，那么受到影响的原因将在某个地方，等待被发现)”和第三段最后一句“The details will be there, waiting for us to catch them.(细节会在那里，等着我们抓住它们)”可知，第二句和最后一句前后呼应，第三句和第四句“We stand to realise that it wasn’t so much that the food was ‘delicious’; but that the potatoes in particular had a charming rosemary and garlic flavour. A friend wasn’t just ‘nice’; they brought in a hugely sensitive and generous tone to bear in asking us what it had been like for us when we suffered.(我们会意识到，食物并不是那么美味；但土豆特别有迷迭香和大蒜的香味。朋友不仅仅是“好”的；当我们遭受苦难时，他们带着一种非常敏感和慷慨的语气问我们怎么样)”是在对此举例。由此可知，第三段是通过举例来论证观点。故选B。
11【答案】B推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“We just need to locate and hold on tightly to two or three highly detailed reasons for our gratitude.(我们只需要找到并紧紧抓住两三个非常详细的理由来表达我们的感激之情)”可知，作者认为在表达感谢时应该找到并紧紧抓住两三个非常详细的理由，所以选项B. Your caring and warm smile lights up my day.(你的关怀和温暖的微笑照亮了我的一天)属于这种详细的理由，作者会推荐选项B。故选B。
D
It’s mid-February and along Britain’s south coast gilt-head bream (鲷鱼) are swimming from the open sea into the river mouths. And this summer, countryside visitors throughout southern England will catch sight of blue flashes as small red-eyed damselflies fly across starry ponds. Both events are happening much further north than they would have 20 years ago.
Fingers point at climate change. As areas become too hot or dry, many wildlife populations are declining, while some species are showing up in places that were historically too cold or wet.
Our team, led by Alba Estrada, wanted to explain this phenomenon. If we could predict which species can and can’t colonise (移居于) new locations, we could decide which are most in need of conservation.
How far individual animals or plant seeds can move was long thought to be the most important factor. But according to our findings, other characteristics also turned out to be highly important. For example, how quickly plants and animals can produce, how well they can compete with other species for resources, and what kinds of food they can eat or habitat they can live in.
The result of this is that we might be able to predict which animals will survive under climate change. The wood mouse is found throughout continental Europe. As climate changes, we think the mouse will move north because it can breed quickly, live in lots of habitats, has a broad diet, and individuals can travel a long way. On the other hand, consider the European ground squirrel. We think it might stay just in southeast Europe because it can only live in grasslands — and climate change won’t suddenly turn farms and forests into meadows (草坪).
It’s encouraging to know that some species are doing well under climate change. There are some headaches, however. Those gilt-head bream are feeding on the local shellfish, which might be taking food away from the native fish. Small red-eyed damselflies look great, but they could become all too common around British ponds and outcompete native species. Climate change is once again posing us some tricky conservation questions.
12. We can learn from paragraphs 1 &2 that ______ .
A. people hold events to observe different species
B. visitors have damaged the homes of many species
C. species preferred extremely cold and wet environment
D. climate change makes some species move to new areas
13. What’s paragraph 4 mainly about
A. What factors can influence colonisation.
B. How far individual animals can travel.
C. Why some species are declining.
D. Where most species tend to live.
14. Which might stand the least chance of colonisation
A. Gilt-head bream. B. Red-eyed damselflies.
C. Wood mice. D. Ground squirrels.
15. What’s the team’s attitude towards the colonisation
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Objective. D. Optimistic.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。气候变化使一些物种迁移到新的地区，作者的研究团队试图解释这个现象，并对这个现象带来的利弊进行了分析。
12【答案】D推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二句“It’s mid-February and along Britain’s south coast gilt-head bream (鲷鱼) are swimming from the open sea into the river mouths. And this summer, countryside visitors throughout southern England will catch sight of blue flashes as small red-eyed damselflies fly across starry ponds. (现在是二月中旬，沿着英国南部海岸，金头鲷正从公海游向河口。今年夏天，英格兰南部的乡村游客将看到红色眼睛的小豆娘飞过繁星繁茂的池塘时的蓝色闪光)”和第二段第一句第二句“Fingers point at climate change. As areas become too hot or dry, many wildlife populations are declining, while some species are showing up in places that were historically too cold or wet. (手指指向气候变化。随着地区变得太热或太干，许多野生动物的数量正在下降，而一些物种出现在历史上太冷或太湿的地方)”可知，气候变化使一些物种迁移到新的地区。故选D。
13【答案】A主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句和第二句“How far individual animals or plant seeds can move was long thought to be the most important factor. But according to our findings, other characteristics also turned out to be highly important. (长期以来，动物或植物种子能移动多远被认为是最重要的因素。但根据我们的发现，其他特征也非常重要)”和第三段第二句“If we could predict which species can and can’t colonise (移居于) new locations, we could decide which are most in need of conservation. (如果我们能预测哪些物种能和不能在新的地点定居，我们就可以决定哪些物种最需要保护)”可知，第四段主要是讲什么因素可以影响物种的移居。故选A。
14【答案】D推理判断题。根据倒第二段最后两句“On the other hand, consider the European ground squirrel. We think it might stay just in southeast Europe because it can only live in grasslands — and climate change won’t suddenly turn farms and forests into meadows (草坪). (另一方面，以欧洲地松鼠为例。我们认为它可能会留在东南欧，因为它只能生活在草原上，气候变