山东省部分市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案）

山东省部分市
2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解专题
山东省临沂市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
From human bias (偏见) to the science of breathing, and the wonderful world of mushrooms, here are four page-turners for science lovers. The four books delve into a wonderfully wide range of topics, covering breathing, mystery illnesses, bias, and even the magical world of mushrooms. Read on to find out why they're four of the most interesting non-fiction books of the year 2021!
Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art by James Nestor
How conscious are you of your own breathing Reading this could change that forever, offering facts on our breathing, and how even the smallest of changes can have great health benefits.
The End of Bias: How We Change Our Minds by Jessica Nordell
Journalist and author Jessica Nordell looks at unconscious bias, weaving fascinating stories and offering real-life solutions to some problems in our own society. From issues within the police force to how we teach children under five, this book will leave you with a whole new outlook on how to tackle the issue of bias.
The Sleeping Beauties: And Other Stories of Mystery Illness by Suzanne O' Sullivan
Two cases look at children who fall asleep for years at a time and many employees experiencing memory loss at the US Embassy in Cuba. O'Sullivan travels the world to get to the bottom of these strange incidents.
Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds by Merlin Sheldrake
You've probably never given much thought to mushrooms, but biologist Merlin Sheldrake makes this exploration into the world of fungi feel like reading a science fiction novel. The book takes you on a literal deep dive under the Earth's surface, within our own bodies and even into outer space to discover a massively diverse kingdom of organisms, which sustain nearly all living things.
1. Which topic is mentioned in these books
A. Common diseases. B. The exploration of mushrooms.
C. Breathing illnesses. D. Science and magics.
2. What do we know about The End of Bias according to the passage
A. It is written by James Nestor. B. It is related to conscious bias.
C. It tells us how to teach children under six. D. It refers to how to deal with bias in our society.
3. What's the purpose of the passage
A. To advertise these books. B. To tell readers how to buy these books.
C. To tell readers how to read these books. D. To give a brief introduction of these books.
B
Qian Hongyan waited on the starting block, supporting herself using her hands and torso(躯干). When the starting signal sounded, Qian pushed herself in. She won the silver medal in the women’s 100-meter breaststroke(蛙泳) SB5 final in the 11th National Games for Persons with Disabilities held in Xi’an, Shaanxi province in 2021.
Qian, from Luliang of Yunnan province, had both of her legs cut off after getting into an accident in 2000 when she was 4 years old. Her family were extremely poor. With little resources available, her grandfather cut up an old basketball to replace her lower body. Since then, she became well-known for moving around while balanced on an orange ball, earning her the nickname “basketball girl”.
Qian’s passion for swimming dates back to 2007, when she was invited by the local disabled people’s federation to watch the 2008 National Paralympic Games in Kunming, capital of Yunnan. At 11 years old, she joined the provincial swimming team for people with disabilities. However, without legs, it was difficult for Qian to keep her balance in water. “Swimming without legs is like rowing a boat without a rudder(船舵). I tended to swing due to a poor sense of direction.” Qian said. To help her overcome the difficulty, her coach designed a special training plan for her. Every day, she practiced for at least four hours. She made great efforts to enhance her arm strength and balance.
In 2009, she won three gold medals in the provincial contests in Yunnan, as well as one gold medal and two silvers at national events. In 2014, she won another gold medal in the 100m breaststroke final in the Yunnan Provincial Paralympic Games. In the 2016 Rio Paralympic Games, she placed ninth in the 100m breaststroke.
Qian’s journey to create a future for herself, despite losing both legs in a tragic accident, has become the story that inspired thousands of disabled people in China.
4. How did Qian earn her the nickname “basketball girl”
A. She liked playing basketball. B. She had no legs like a basketball.
C. She kept balanced on an old basketball. D. She got into an accident when playing basketball.
5. What made Qian become interested in swimming
A. She received a special training plan.
B. She joined the provincial swimming team.
C. She tended to swing with a poor sense of direction.
D. She was invited to watch the 2008 National Paralympic Games.
6. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Qian
A. Her efforts. B. Her skills. C. Her achievements. D. Her influences.
7. What can we learn from Qian’s story
A. Painstaking efforts pay off. B. Help cures disabilities.
C. Disabilities lead to success. D. Love helps the disabled
C
Under the background of the slow growth of its total population to 1.44 billion, China has seen a sharp rise in older adults over the past decade, solidifying the country’s rapidly aging pattern, the latest national census (人口普查) data shows. The population on the Chinese mainland increased by an average of 0.53 percent annually during the past 10 years to 1.41 billion, compared with an annual growth rate of 0.57 percent from 2000 to 2010, according to the 7th national census published by the National Bureau of Statistics.
“The growth of the total population has slowed down but remains at a steady pace,” Ning Jizhe, head of the bureau, said at a news conference. “Based on trends in recent years, China’s population will grow at an increasingly slow rate in the future while remaining above 1.4 billion.” The increasing elderly population has become a defining feature of the past decade.
Ning said an aging society will set the tone for China's population structure for a long time, presenting challenges and opportunities. “A graying population will pile pressure on supply of labor force and social services, as well as adding to families’ elderly care burden. But more elderly people could also motivate consumption of products and services targeting this age group, and advance the development of some technologies,” he said.
Ning added that those between the ages of 60 and 69, who are equipped with knowledge, experience and skills and are generally in good health, make up nearly 56 percent of all older adults. “Their potential to continue making contributions to society and playing a constructive role is big,” he responded to a question on the outlook for raising the retirement age and carrying out other potential measures aimed at addressing the aging trend. Some population economists also said the latest number and proportion (比例) of elderly are largely within predictions, and the aging trend will continue for a long time.
8. What does the 7th national census data show
A. The aging population of China has risen rapidly.
B. The annual growth rate has increased by 0.04%.
C. The annual growth rate was 0.57% during the past 10 years.
D. The total population of Chinese mainland increased to 1.44 billion.
9. What does Ning Jizhe say about the growth of graying population
A. It is beyond predictions. B. It brings few advantages.
C. It has sharply slowed down. D. It will increase pressure on family.
10. What is Ning Jizhe’s attitude to the graying population
A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Negative.
11. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. The aging trend brings problems
B. An aging society presents opportunities
C. China’s population gets old as growth slows
D. Measures are to be taken to tackle the aging trend
D
China's digital currency may be world's first. According to Xinhua Newspaper, China may issue the world's first central bank digital currency (CBDC) to cut the costs of circulating traditional paper money and boost policy makers' control of money supply. The CBDC is a new form of money issued digitally by the central bank and serves as legal currency. The to-be-issued currency could be put into electronic wallets to support direct and peer-to-peer transactions (对等交易). The “wallet” could be an app on a smartphone, but the final design has not yet been settled.
At the beginning stage, the CBDC is for domestic use only. In the future, it is designed to adopt the same exchange rate as physical money, but the international transaction system will be much more complex. "If China successfully issued the world's first CBDC, it will motivate other countries to make relevant studies and join the competition of creating CBDC," said Huang Yiping, director of the Institute of Digital Finance at Peking University. As some officials said, the CBDC will replace bank notes and coins, or the cash in circulation and it is designed for retail (零售) payments at the early stage.
In other countries, many central banks have begun planning to issue their own digital currencies. The Bank for International Settlements, a club of central banks, last month said it expects one-fifth of the world's population will have access to a CBDC by 2024.
China is the clear frontrunner. On February 17th it ended the third big test of its digital currency, handing out 10 million yuan to 50,000 shoppers in Beijing. It has announced a joint venture (合资企业) with SWIFT, an interbank-messaging system used for international payments. Sweden, another supporter, has extended its digital currency project.
The latest big central bank to get serious about a CBDC is the European Central Bank (ECB). Speaking to The Economist on February 10th, Christine Lagarde, its president, said she planned to seek approval from her colleagues to begin preparing for a digital EURO.
12. What can we say about the CBDC
A It has been issued in China. B. It will be used legally in China.
C. It is a new form of paper money. D. It could be put into people's wallets.
13. What can we know from the passage
A. Digital currency has replaced the paper money totally.
B. The world population will have access to CBDC by 2024.
C. Sweden has begun to study its own digital currency.
D. ECB has got approval from its members for a digital EURO.
14. What does the underlined word “frontrunner” in paragraph 6 mean
A. Adventurer. B. Pioneer. C. Challenger. D. Supporter.
15. From which is the passage probably taken
A. A science journal. B. An economic magazine.
C. A computer paper. D. An educational report.
山东省潍坊市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末统考英语试
第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
There really are apps for everything-and some could end up saving your life.
Skin Vision
You will have to pay for this digital skin check app, either on an ad hoc (随时)or a subscription basis, but with an estimated fifth of skin cancers going undiagnosed during lockdown, it could be well worth it. You simply take a photo of any suspicious spot with your phone and you'll then receive a risk indication from Skin Vision within 30 seconds.
St John Ambulance First Aid
An app like this is more useful for saving someone else's life than your own but arguably it's a necessity on your smartphone. It gives advice in dealing with emergencies, including choking, allergic reactions and performing CPR. You don't have to have an internet connection in order to use it.
What 3 words
This free download is one of a growing number of smartphone apps that could mean the difference between life and death. What 3 Words divides the world into 3×3 metre squares, giving each one a unique combination of three words. This allows emergency services-or anyone else you give the location to-to reach you. Used by the vast majority of emergency services in the UK, not to mention other control centres around the world, it has been credited with saving thousands of lives.
WhatsApp
Lots of us use WhatsApp for messaging and calling, but do you know it also has a Live Location feature that can let a loved one know your whereabouts in case you' re in danger You simply press the +key in a chat, select "Location", and then press "Share Live Location", which enables any participants in the chat to see your location in real time for the duration you choose.
1. How can Skin Vision help
A. It offers medical check. B. It prevents skin cancer.
C. It gives cures for skin diseases. D. It examines the skin automatically.
2. Which app can benefit others more than yourself
A. Skin Vision. B. St John Ambulance First Aid
C. What 3 words. D. WhatsApp.
3. What do What3words and WhatsApp have in common
A. They are operated the same way.
B. They can tell others where you are.
C. They belong to communication apps.
D. They are used by most emergency services.
B
Cooking is Chris Spear's passion. He's ben professionally cooking since he was 16. Over the years, he worked for big restaurants and reached a point where he had almost 100 employees reporting to him. That's when he missed flexibility and wanted to be more creative. So, he quit working for restaurants and set up his own catering（餐饮）company, Perfect Little Bites in Frederick, Maryland.
Spending long hours in the kitchen doesn't tire Spear but he had often been concerned that becoming an independent chef would make him feel lonely. Spear said he wanted to find an arrangement that would be beneficial to all such groups but didn't cost them any money. That inspired him to found Chefs Without Restaurants, an online resource for chefs.
Now he has a Facebook group where he can post information about, for instance, a potential customer who wants to arrange a dinner in a given location and within a certain price range, and he can offer interested chefs more information. Customers can also benefit from this network. Spear is building a website where customers will be able to check out profiles of the Chefs Without Restaurants members, learn about their specialties and see what kinds of events they can cater, large or small.
Sharon Streb, owner of Oil & Vinegar Frederick which introduces cooking ideas and chefs to their customers, said small businesses should help one another succeed. "When other chefs and businesses come to my store, they get in front of our customers and hopefully we get in front of their customers. That's a win-win for both of us," she said. "It's tough out there for a small business, and not a lot of small businesses succeed. It's important that we can work together and be successful, both of us. "
That's the goal for Spear, who wants to carve out a space for independent chefs on the food map in the area.
4. Why did Spear start his own business
A. He got tired of being a chef. B. He longed to help other chefs.
C. He wanted to make more profits. D. He sought not to be bound.
5. What is the original purpose of Chefs Without Restaurants
A. To compete with other chefs B. To provide training for chefs.
C. To share resources among chefs. D. To set up virtual restaurants.
6. What of the network will appeal to customers
A. Data about chefs. B. Price ranges of dinners.
C. Locations of restaurants. D. Events held around.
7. What does the author intend to do by quoting Sharon Streb's words in paragraph 4
A. Reveal the toughness of small businesses.
B. Stress the significance of Spear's work.
C. Call on other businesses to join the group.
D. Show customers' appreciation for Spear.
C
Fed up dads are desperate for a revolution when it comes to parenting traditions-with millions of men wanting to spend more time with their new-born children. Shock new statistics show that almost two thirds of dads would be keen on taking much more time off work to spend with their children when they are first born.
Yet, while 62% of fathers say they want to use shared parental leave laws to get a more even split(份额)with mums, almost none of them have actually done so. A study from the University of Birmingham suggested that a number of factors are getting in the way. It pointed to workplace culture, social expectations and financial pressures all being serious barriers to progress.
Since April 2015 parents have been able to share up to 50 weeks to leave and 37 weeks of pay. Estimates suggest only one percent of couples have used the rules, suggesting old habits are proving hard to shift. Interestingly, mums are more lukewarm when it comes to change. A survey showed 41% of mums are open to a more equal split of time-but 42% are opposed to using the new laws. Only just 27% of dads are against the idea.
The survey findings come from a research by Legal & General. It surveyed over 1,000 UK parents with children up to the age of 16. It found, particularly among Generation Z—the newest and youngest age group of parents, 69% would like to split their parental leave either equally or more evenly. That compares to 54% of millennials(千禧一代).
It’s clear that there’s a strong appetite in the UK to make use of shared parental leave and that this far outweighs the current use of the scheme(方案).
8. Which may best describe most fathers’ situation concerning parenting
A. Reality calls for hope. B. Ambition amounts to nothing.
C. Desire meets with hard facts. D. Hard work contributes to success.
9. Which of the following can replace the word “lukewarm” underlined in paragraph 3
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Anxious. D. Unwilling.
10. How does the author organize the text
A. By giving examples. B. By explaining reasons.
C. By stating arguments. D. By providing research results.
11. What could be the best title
A. Shared Parental Leave Laws B. Parenting Traditions
C. Appetite for a Parenting Revolution D. More Days Off, More Love
D
Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier has been in the spotlight in recent years, as scientists have undertaken a multi-part international project to study the vast glacier from all angles. The urgency comes from observations and analyses showing that the amount of ice flowing from Thwaites—and contributing to sea level rise—has doubled in the past three decades. Scientists think the glacier could witness even more dramatic changes in the near future.
This image pair demonstrates the changes that have occurred since the start of this century. The first image shows the glacier's floating ice tongue on December 2, 2001. The second image shows the glacier on December 28, 2019. Both images show the glacier where it exits the land in West Antarctica and stretches over the Amundsen Sea as thick floating ice. Ice that originates on land can raise sea level if it is delivered to the ocean at a faster rate than it is being replaced inland by snowfall. The flow speed of Thwaites has been increasing, while inland snowfall has not changed significantly.
In the past ten years, the tongue has continued to break and separate from the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf. By the time the 2019 image was acquired, the main tongue had declined greatly, and the ocean in front of Thwaites had become filled with floating ice.
Thwaites pours about 50 billion tons of ice into the ocean each year. That amount is nothing to sneeze at. But for the time being, it's "still a relatively small amount of sea-level rise," said Ted Scambos, a scientist at the University of Colorado. "What the satellites are showing us is a glacier coming apart," said Ted Scambos. "Every few years a new area seems to be letting go and speeding. Like taffy being stretched out, this glacier is being drawn into the ocean.”
12. What makes Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier a focus of attention
A. Scientists' effort to protect it B. The rising sea level.
C. Change in floating ice quantity. D. The charm of its vast body.
13. What does paragraph 2 function as
A. An example. B. An explanation. C. A conclusion. D. A summary.
14. How does Ted feel about the future of the glacier
A. Unconcerned. B. Confused. C. Uncertain. D. Worried.
15. In which section of a website can this text be found
A. Energy Frontier B. Earth Observatory.
C. Climate Action. D. Space Exploration.
山东省枣庄滕州市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Since the modern Olympics began in 1896, it has been held in more than 40 different cities. That gives Olympic fans quite a few possible travel destinations to choose!
Beijing, China
Olympic fans should consider visiting the Beijing Olympic Park to check out the special buildings of the so-called “Bird’s Nest” and “Water Cube”—the national stadium and aquatics center built for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Popular historic places in Beijing include the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and Tian’anmen Square.
Innsbruck, Austria
Located in the heart of the Alps, Innsbruck is known as a great winter destination—which explains why it has hosted not one but two Winter Olympics. Known for its mountainous views, Innsbruck is the perfect stop for outdoor adventurers.
Mexico City, Mexico
This wonderful travel destination offers a wide number of popular museums, historic buildings, and public parks. People will love shopping for fresh meat and produce at the markets, taking a cooking class, and generally eating their way through Mexico City, which is especially known for its culinary (烹饪的) experiences that include both globally well-known restaurants and locally favored street carts.
Melbourne Australia
Nearly half a century before Sydney hosted the 2000 Summer Olympics, Melbourne became the first Australian host city in 1956. Head to the “cultural capital of Australia”, located in Victoria on the southeastern coast, for an energetic cafe culture and art scene, Melbourne offers something for every type of traveler and everyone can enjoy an evening at one of the city’s many rooftop bars or a day of wine tasting.
1 Where will you go if you are fond of adventure
A. Beijing, China. B. Mexico City, Mexico.
C. Innsbruck, Austria. D. Melbourne, Australia.
2. What can visitors do in Mexico City
A. Enjoy wonderful culinary classes. B. Buy beautiful clothes and shoes.
C. Admire beautiful mountainous views. D. Visit special stadiums for the Olympics.
3. What can we know about Melbourne
A. It is famous for all kinds of wine. B. It has many world-famous hotels.
C. It hosted the Summer Olympics twice. D. It can satisfy different travelers’ needs.
B
13-year-old Abraham Olagbegi was born with a rare blood disease in Jackson, Mississippi and needed a bonemarrow transplant（骨髓移植）. His transplant was successful, and he qualified for Make-A-Wish, an organization that realizes wishes for children with serious illnesses. Abraham decided he wanted a long lasting wish.
“I remember we were coming home from one of his doctor appointments and he said, ‘Mom, I thought about it, and I really want to feed the homeless’.” Abraham’s mom Miriam Olagbegl, said. So, that’s what he did.
In September, Make-A-Wish helped Abraham organize a day to hand out free food in Jackson, Mississippi. “When the homeless people get the plate, some of them would come back and sing to us and thank us,” he said. “And it just really feels good, it warms our hearts. And my parents always taught us that it’s a blessing to be a blessing”.
But Abraham’s wish is still not realized. Make-A-Wish will help Abraham feed the homeless once a month for one year. After Make-A-Wish finishes his wish in August 2022, Abraham plans to continue helping the homeless. He wants to turn this into a nonprofit（非营利组织）—one he’s already named “Abraham’s Table.”
4. What can we know about Make-A-Wish
A. It is an organization of developing medicine.
B. It supported Abraham in his transplant.
C. It is the place where Abraham did his surgery.
D. It helps seriously sick children realize their wishes.
5. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3
A. Make-A-Wish’s helping Abraham with his wish.
B. Abraham’s day of handing out free food.
C. The homeless people’s act of giving thanks.
D. Abraham’s mother’s teaching Abraham a lesson.
6. Where did Abraham make his wish
A. At their home. B. At his school. C. In the doctor’s. D. On the way home.
7. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Abraham has realized his wish till now.
B. Make-A-Wish will keep helping Abraham.
C. Abraham has decided to set up Abraham’s Table.
D. Make-A-Wish named a nonprofit after Abraham.
C
Many people in America love Chinese food, but perhaps nobody can match David R Chan, Mr Chan, a 72-year-old former tax lawyer based in Los Angeles, claims to have dined at nearly 8, 000 Chinese restaurants across the US and counting. If you visit one Chinese restaurant per day, it would take more than 20 years to reach his current count-7, 812 restaurants.
Though he is the descendant (后裔) of grandparents who immigrated to California from China’s Guangdong province, Mr Chan did not eat Chinese food as a child. And when he first tried Chinese food, he was not impressed at all.
Chinese food was cooked in the US for the first time by Chinese immigrants who came dreaming of wealth during the California Gold Rush in the mid 19th century. “Early American-Chinese food tended to be localized, had to adapt for local ingredients and catered to Americans’ taste,” said Mr Chan.
But things started to change in the late 1960s. As a new law removed restrictions on immigration from Asia, the US began to receive an increasing number of immigrants from China, including Hong Kong and Taiwan, bringing in not only modern Cantonese food but also a variety of regional cuisines from across China.
In the 1970s, he started to dine at Chinese restaurants listed on the local yellow pages.
“At the beginning, it was just a search for identity,” Mr Chan said. “My interest in the history of Chinese in the US led me to eat Chinese food and see what it was like to be Chinese in different parts of the country.” Through this, he learnt of the diversity of the cuisine. He had previously had no idea how varied it was, he said.
“The best place to find the most varied authentic Chinese foods in America is the SanGabriel Valley in LA, where many Chinese immigrants live,” he said. “But for dim sum, San Franciaco is the best bet.”
8. What did David R Chan do
A. He was a food critic. B. He was a media person.
C. He was a legal professional. D. He was a businessman.
9. Why were increasing Chinese cuisines appearing in the US
A. Restaurants were required by laws to bring in Chinese food.
B. Numerous Chinese people immigrated to the US with them.
C. Local Americans like all kinds of regional cuisines from China.
D. Guangdong Province was far away from the US.
10. What is TRUE about early American-Chinese food
A. It was really authentic.
B. It used ingredients from China.
C. It met Americans’ taste.
D. It was first cooked by Americans.
11. What do we know about David R Chan
A. He enjoyed Chinese meals since young.
B. He used to find restaurant information online.
C. He began to try Chinese food to search for identity.
D. He thought the most delicious dim sum was in LA.
D
A Winter Olympics-themed Day was celebrated at Snug Harbor Cultural Center&Botanical Garden in New York on Saturday, bringing the 2022 Winter Olympics closer to American citizens. Organized by the Chinese Consulate General in New York, the event featured a photo exhibition and a lighting ceremony, impressing the audiences with the charm of the Beijing 2022, Winter Olympics and winter sports.
Key elements of the 2022 Games, including cute images of the Games’ official mascots（吉祥物）Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon, as well as many sports pictures, were on display and they could buy some if they like.
“The motto of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics is ‘Together for a Shared Future’. I believe that if we could play together, we could work together, "Chinese Consul General in New York Huang Ping said at the event. Huang also voiced his hope that athletes around the world could happily meet and compete at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, so as to further improve each others’ understanding and help to build a better world. The Olympic spirit of solidarity（团结）, friendship and peace not only inspires the athletes to go beyond their physical limits, but also promotes each other’s understanding across cultures and build a friendly and peaceful world without any disagreements”, said the Chinese diplomat.
Martha Neighbors, the president and CEO at Snug Harbor Cultural Center &Botanica Garden, told Xinhua that the motto of the Games “Together for a Shared Future” is wonderful. “I think that’s absolutely something for not just individuals but communities and nations to desire,” she said, adding she wishes the Beijing Winter Olympics “a huge hit”. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics will take place from Feb, 4 to Feb, 20, followed by the Paralympic Winter Games between March 4 and March 13.
12. What can people do in the Winter Olympics themed Day
A. Know about the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
B. Visit the Chinese Consulate General in New York.
C. Send something to the Chinese Consulate General.
D. Rest at Snug Harbor Cultural Center Botanical Garden.
13. According to Huang Ping, what is the aim of the Winter Olympics
A. Making a new better motto.
B. Winning the competition.
C. Creating a wonderful world.
D. Paying attention to the athletes.
14. What could people buy in the event
A. Tickets to the Winter games.
B. The mascots of the games.
C. Sports clothes in the games.
D. The lighting of the games.
15. How does Martha Neighbors think of the coming games
A. It will be only held for the individuals.
B. It will become a very successful event.
C. It will be replaced by the Paralympic Winter Games.
D. It will include all the communities and nations.
山东省滨州市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
We recommend these stories for high school students to deepen their appreciation for the short story genre. These are the stories that well-read students should know as they prepare for college and life!
The Fly by Katherine Mansfield
We now turn to New Zealander Katherine Mansfield for a short story that is multi-themed and laden with symbolism. What are the messages the author delivers in this story What does the fly represent Are there any ideas that reappear in the story The Fly is a great candidate story for an essay or classroom discussion.
Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson
A delightful collection of stand-alone, but related stories describing the development of a young man, George Willard, as he comes of age. The stories mark the significant episodes and relationships that have shaped his life and formed his character. The stories build toward the moment when he will leave Winesburg and his youth behind. Each story can be enjoyed independently.
Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town by Stephen Leacock
This is a fantastically funny short story collection from the Canadian author Stephen Leacock. Though largely lost to modern readers, it was once commonly said that “more people had heard of Stephen Leacock than Canada.”If this one is not on your reading list, I advise you to negotiate with your teacher for some extra credits and read this one independently.
Eve’s Diary by Mark Twain
In this playful and funny short story, Mark Twain makes a humorous account of the differences between the sexes, writing first from Eve’s point of view and then following up with Adam’s point of view. This story is a gentle reminder that it’s okay to lighten up and laugh at our differences.
1. Who are these stories intended for
A. Parents. B. High school students.
C. Teachers. D. College students.
2. What do we know about Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town
A. It is written in symbolism.
B. It’s compulsory for teachers.
C. Its author used to be well-known.
D. It describes the growth of a young man.
3. Whose book describes the differences between men and women
A. Katherine Mansfield. B. Sherwood Anderson.
C. Stephen Leacock. D. Mark Twain.
B
Many years ago, when I was working in an institution in England, an adolescent boy walked up and down restlessly outside the waiting room.
It was in late autumn, and the lilac bush outside had shed all its leaves.
“Please sit down,” I showed him into my office. No word was uttered. He just stared at his feet while wringing his hands nervously. David wore a black rain coat which was buttoned all the way up to his neck. His head teacher had referred him to me, and asked me to lend David a hand — He had lost his father as an infant, and last year, his grandfather died and his mother was killed in a car accident.
How could I There are human tragedies my profession doesn’t have the answer to! Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically. The first time we met, David didn’t say a word. As he was about to leave after the second visit, I put my hand on his shoulder. He didn’t shrink back, not looking at me either. “Come back next week, if you like.” I said. “I know it hurts.”
When he came the third time, I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that we played chess every Wednesday — in complete silence and without making any eye contact. It’s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit that I made sure David won once or twice. Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chessboard and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I sat down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. One afternoon in late winter, David took off his rain coat and put it on the back of the chair and he seemed more alive.
Some months later, the lilacs blossomed outside. When I sat staring at David, who was bent over the chessboard, I thought about how little we know about therapy — about the mysterious process associated with healing. Suddenly, he looked up at me “It’s your turn,” he said. After that, David started talking.
4. Which is true about David’s first meeting with the author
A. He said nothing. B. He just looked at his hands nervously.
C. He came to lend a hand. D. He was accompanied by his teacher.
5. What was the author most likely to be
A. A surgeon. B. A chess coach. C. A psychologist. D. A head teacher.
6. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A. The author knew little about the healing process.
B. The author boosted David’s confidence by design.
C. David’s earlier showing up dissatisfied the author.
D. It is necessary to keep quiet when playing chess.
7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage
A. David’s Story Made Me Rethink. B. Be an Ear to Listen—The Golden Rule.
C. Know about Yourself—Changes Matter. D. A Chess Game Moved Away Depression.
C
Every year thousands of people are crowded in the city of Pamplona, in north eastern Spain, for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town. There are dozens of injuries every year, and there have been at least 15 deaths recorded since 1910. Daniel Parisi, a physicist and computer scientist realized that the Pamplona bull-runs offered the perfect natural experiment to research the insight of the psychology of panicked crowds.
Dr. Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019, and recorded footage（镜头）of the runners as the animals were released. A wave of people running at top speed raced past their cameras a few seconds ahead of the bulls. The researchers brought their recordings back to the lab to calculate the speed of the runners, the density（密度）of the crowd and the probability of a runner tripping and falling. They also examined the tracks of the bulls, the responses of individual runners as the bulls came near to them, and the relationship between runner-group density and speed.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near. Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd This finding is at odds with a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up, in order to lower the risk of a collision, which could lead to a fall and, perhaps, injury or death as a runner is trampled by others.
It seems that, in the heat of the moment, people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other, and do not slow down. The duty falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future alleys, tunnels, bridges and other passages that restrict flow. The only option may well be to make them wider.
8. Why did Daniel Parisi and his team come to the Pamplona bull-runs
A. To cover the event B. To work as volunteers.
C. To collect data. D. To participate in the event
9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The responses of the runners.
B. The process of the research.
C. The possibility of a runner tripping and falling.
D. The relationship between runner-group density and speed.
10. What does the unlined phrase “at odds with” mean in paragraph 3
A. In contact with. B. In combination with.
C. In harmony with. D. In disagreement with.
11. What inspiration can urban designers get from the finding
A. They should make passages wider.
B. They should make buildings more solid.
C. They should slow down the construction of buildings.
D. They should pay less attention to density of buildings.
D
Restaurants’ growth accelerated in the 20th century. Dining out became relatively more expensive. And yet three economic changes ensured that demand for restaurants grew despite rising prices.
The first was immigration. In the 50 years after the Second World War, the net flow of migrants into rich countries were more than four times as before. Starting a restaurant was a good career move for new arrivals： it neither required formal qualifications nor, at least for chefs, fluency in the local language. Migrants tended to improve the quality of an area’s restaurants. London’s became far better in the era of free movement with the European Union. The melting pot that is Singapore has some of the best food in the world Restaurants became more tempting, even as prices went up.
The second factor was the changing microeconomics of the family. Households’ choices about whether to make their own food or to buy it premade were shaped not only by the cost of ingredients, but also by the time spent on shopping and preparation. As more women entered the workforce during the 20th century, a working woman who cooked dinner would be sacrificing time which might otherwise be used to earn money. And so eating out made increasing economic sense, even as it became more expensive.
The third factor was changing working patterns. Historically, poor people tended to work longer hours than rich ones. But in the latter half of the 20th century the opposite became true. The rise of knowledge-intensive jobs, and globalization, made rich people’s work more financially rewarding and enjoyable. Working late into the night became a sign of status. The result was that the people with the most money to spend on dining out increasingly needed it most, since they had the least free time.
The long-term future of the restaurant is less clear. The pandemic has led to many people buying more takeout than before, while others have a newfound love of cooking.
Restaurants have little choice but to continue to adapt. Maybe apart from food, they can also double down on what they do best: offering those who need to eat a taste of romance, glamour and love.
12. Why was starting a restaurant a good choice for the new migrants
A. They could meet the requirements easily.
B. They could speak the local language fluently.
C. They could serve the best food in the world.
D. They could move to and from the country freely.
13. Which one best describes people doing knowledge-intensive jobs in the second half of the 20th century
A They might make little money. B. They tended to eat at home.
C. They tended to work longer hours. D. They might have a lower social status.
14. What effect does the pandemic have on restaurants according to the passage
A. Restaurants have to double the price of dishes.
B. Restaurants have to reduce the cost of ingredients.
C. Restaurants have to adapt to the needs of customers.
D. Restaurants have to cancel the take-out service.
15. What’s the main idea of the whole passage
A. How to make restaurants more appealing.
B. How restaurants survive the pandemic.
C. What contributes to the development of restaurants.
D. Why people go to restaurants despite the rising price.
山东省菏泽市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Every year, TIME for Kids highlights inventions that arc making the world better and a bit more fun. Which of the following are you most excited about
Keeping Kids Calm
Purrble comes to the rescue for anxious kids. This toy has seven sensors. They respond to touch. Purrble’s heartbeat speeds up when you play with the toy. Then you comfort Purrble by petting it. This slows its heartbeat down. It calms you too. In a study of 20 families, 19 parents said that Purrble helped their kids calm down.
Listen to this
MobiWAN helps you communicate by directing calls through your head. The headset speaker and microphone, created by Mobilus Labs, use bone-conduction technology. Sound vibrations(振动) are sent through the wearer’s skull(头骨). This lets workers stay in touch in noisy places, such as a construction site or a ship in a storm.
Read to me
Reading is a challenge for millions of people. They may struggle with poor eyesight, dyslexia, or other issues. But with computer vision and artificial intelligence, the OrCam Read can read any piece of text aloud. The OrCam Read can also read text in multiple languages.
Helping hand
The Mega Cyborg Hand kit was created by Thames & Kosmos. It helps kids build a robotic hand that copies the movements of a real hand. The device is made up of plastic pieces and tubes filled with water. Once assembled(组装) and slipped on, it passes force from the user’s fingers to the fingers of the robotic hand. The Mega Cyborg Hand can be adjusted to fit arms of almost any size. It easily switches from left-handed to right-handed to “claw.”
21. What can Purrble do
A. It can help people design kinds of toys.
B. It can play games with children.
C. It can cure people’s illness.
D. It can keep children calm.
22. Which invention best suits people who work in a railway station
A. Purrble. B. MobiWAN. C. The Mega Cyborg Hand. D. OrCam Read.
23. Where is the text probably from
A. A guide book. B. A book review. C. A kid magazine. D. A story book.
B
Archer is a seven-year-old boy in Australia. One day last year, he woke up in the middle of the night and walked into his mom’s bedroom. What he saw really frightened him: His mom was lying on the floor. Archer tried to wake her up, but he couldn’t. Anastasia Barros, Archer’s mom, has diabetes(糖尿病). Her blood sugar level had dropped so low that night that she had passed out.
Fortunately, Ms. Barros had spoken to Archer about calling Triple Zero (0-0-0). In Australia, people dial this emergency number to call for police, fire or emergency medical services. Archer’s father was away on business, so it was up to the boy to save his mom. Archer immediately reached for his mom’s phone. He tried to be calm and dialed “0-0-0.”
“Hi, it’s just me and mom,” Archer told the call-taker. “Mom has passed out and is now lying on the floor!” The boy listened carefully to the call-taker’s instructions. He turned his mom's head back to open her airway(气道). Soon, the ambulance arrived and sent Ms. Barros to the hospital. Archer is not just his mom’s hero; he has also been named a Triple-Zero Hero by the local emergency services. The boy said he was very proud to be awarded for his clear thinking during the emergency.
Marty Smyth, the manager of the local emergency services, said it was very important to teach children when and how to call Triple Zero. Archer agreed. “By knowing how to get help in an emergency, all kids can help their mothers,” he said.
24. What happened to Archer’s mom that night
A. Her blood sugar level rose and fell off her bed.
B. She fainted because of low blood sugar level.
C. She was sleeping on the floor,
D. She died of diabetes.
25. Why did Archer turn his mom’s head back
A. To hear the call-taker clearly.
B. His mom asked him to do so.
C. To make her mom breathe smoothly.
D. His father told him to help his mother.
26. Why was Archer considered a hero
A. He could keep calm when saving his mom.
B. He saved his mom’s life without doctor’s help.
C. He sent his mom to hospital as soon as possible.
D. The local emergency services need such a role model.
27. What is Marty Smyth’s attitude towards teaching children to call Tnple Zero
A. Negative. B. Objective. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
C
An about 2-meter-wide alley, or “Liu Chi Xiang” in Chinese, now attracts floods of visitors in east China’s Anhui Province. It has a household’s ancient story hidden behind it, which vividly explains the essence of tolerance(宽容) and non-contention widely accepted in China.
During the Period of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, one of his ministers, Zhang Ying, received a letter from his hometown of Tongcheng City in Anhui one day.
From the letter, Zhang learned that his family quarreled with their neighbor, Wu’s family, over the two sides’ house boundary. The local court struggled to reach a final judgement since both families enjoyed high reputation in Tongcheng.
Zhang’s family wrote the letter hoping that Zhang, a high-ranking official in the imperial palace, could force the Wu family to give in.
However, Zhang wrote a poem back saying, “Writing a letter from home, miles away, just for a wall. All that argument over one meter or two. Looking at the ten-thousand-mile long Great Wall, long gone is its builder Emperor Qinshihuang.”
His reply enlightened the family members as the wall was merely a temporary(暂时的) structure. It was the close relationship with their neighbors that mattered.
They decided to move their wall about one meter back for their neighbor. In turn, the Wu family was deeply touched by their generosity and retreated another meter backward in building their wall. It created an about two-meter-wide narrow “alley” between the houses.
More than 30 decades later in modem China, Tongcheng has become a national historical and cultural city, a statement released by the State Council said on Nov. 12.
Among all the valuable historical sites in the city, the narrow alley is one of the popular attractions. It serves as enlightenment, inspiring people to observe public morals and cherish harmony, especially in disagreements and conflicts.
Many locals still live in tiny houses next to each other and share walls with their neighbors. Some problems like noise and division of responsibility when it comes to a broken wall are commonplaces. About 98 percent are successfully handled thanks to the virtues of modesty and harmony rooted in the local culture.
28. What can we know about “Liu Chi Xiang”
A. It shows a traditional virtue. B. It was built by Emperor Kangxi.
C. It was used to memorize Zhang Ying. D. It is as well-known as the Great Wall.
29. What did Zhang Ying want to express in the poem
A. He supported his family to go to court.
B. He advised his family never to give in to their neighbors.
C. He wanted his family to build a great wall between the houses.
D. He expected his family to keep a good relationship with their neighbors.
30. What message does the author seem to convey in the last paragraph
A. Zhang Ying’s story has an impact on the local culture.
B. A narrow alley between the houses is a must.
C. Modesty is useless in disputes and conflicts.
D. People in Tongcheng live in tiny houses.
31. What might be the best title for the text
A. One wall, one family B. No fight, no union
C. Narrow alley, broad minds D. Clear boundary, peaceful life
D
Dutch artist Daan Roosegaarde’s latest project, GROW, involved installing(安装) thousands of blue, red and purple LED lights in a 2-hectare field of leek(韭菜) for both artistic and practical purposes. People driving by the town of Lelystad, in central Netherlands, at night, this time of year are treated to a fantastic sight—a 20,000 square meters field of leek glowing blue, red and purple. Thought up by Studio Roosegaarde, the unique artistic installation is designed both as an honor to Dutch farmers and as an inspiration for them to experiment with artificial light in outdoor farming. Daan Roosegaarde also wants GROW to send a hopeful light to people in these trying times, giving new meaning to the word “agriculture” as a living cultural artwork.
Nighttime ultraviolet(紫外线的) light has been used in glasshouse agriculture for a while now, especially in places where direct sunlight is scarce, but its use in outdoor fanning has so far been very limited. Ultraviolet light is known to help plants grow better, but Studio Roosegaarde is also testing a theory according to which certain wavelengths of ultraviolet light could reduce the need for pesticides by up to 50%.
“So we started to scan the plants with these wavelengths of light and then suddenly it started to dance, the light,” Daan Roosegaarde said. “You had these huge fields of fireflies, as if they were, and we were testing it and the magic started kicking in, so I think that's when the worlds of science, art and design meet and enhance each other.” Solar-powered LEDs give ultraviolet light onto the leek plants, thus adding the effect of natural sunlight after sunset, and creating a wonderful sight at the same time.
GROW is currently only visible near Lelystad, but Roosegaarde plans to take the visually-impressive installation on the road to over 40 countries. Each country will have its own local or national crop and its own unique light recipe. Over the years, Studio Roosegaarde has created a number of fascinating installations, like the glow-in-the-dark bicycle path powered directly by the sun.
32. What does GROW probably refer to
A. A project creating artworks. B. A project installing LED lights.
C. A project producing pesticides. D.A project building glasshouses.
33. What does the underlined word “scarce” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Sufficient. B. Enough. C. Steady. D. Lacking.
34. What is the third paragraph mainly about
A. What artistic effects were caused by the project
B. Why the project GROW was conducted.
C. How Roosegaarde’s design idea came up.
D. How Roosegaarde’s theory was tested.
35. What does Roosegaarde think of the future of GROW
A. It is promising. B. It is pressing.
C. It is challenging. D. It is demanding.
答案：
山东省临沂市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要推荐了2021年最有趣的几本非虚构书。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“The four books delve into a wonderfully wide range of topics, covering breathing, mystery illnesses, bias, and even the magical world of mushrooms. （这四本书涉及的话题非常广泛，涵盖了呼吸、神秘的疾病、偏见，甚至蘑菇的神奇世界。）”和尾段“You've probably never given much thought to mushrooms, but biologist Merlin Sheldrake makes this exploration into the world of fungi feel like reading a science fiction novel.”（你可能从来没有过多地考虑过蘑菇，但生物学家梅林·谢尔德雷克让这种对真菌世界的探索感觉就像阅读科幻小说一样。）可知，在最后一本书中作者介绍了对于蘑菇世界的探索。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“From issues within the police force to how we teach children under five, this book will leave you with a whole new outlook on how to tackle the issue of bias.”（从警察内部的问题到我们如何教五岁以下儿童，这本书将为您提供关于如何解决偏见问题的全新观点。）可知，第二本书谈论了如何应对社会中的偏见。故选D项。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。由第一段“The four books delve into a wonderfully wide range of topics, covering breathing, mystery illnesses, bias, and even the magical world of mushrooms.”（这四本书深入探讨了非常广泛的主题，包括呼吸、神秘疾病、偏见，甚至蘑菇的神奇世界。）可知，本文简要介绍了几本书。故选D项。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了“篮球女孩”钱红艳的励志故事。4岁被截肢，爷爷用篮球给她“造出了”下半身；当受邀观看残奥会后，奥运精神激励她成为游泳健儿。在艰辛的付出下，她终于圆了自己的奥运梦，用坚忍不拔的意志激励了无数的人。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“With little resources available, her grandfather cut up an old basketball to replace her lower body. Since then, she became well-known for moving around while balanced on an orange ball, earning her the nickname ‘basketball girl’.(由于没有什么可用的资源，她的爷爷把一个旧篮球切了下来，代替了她的下半身。从那时起，她就因在一个橙色的球上保持平衡而闻名，这也为她赢得了“篮球女孩”的绰号。)”可知，因事故而被截肢，失去双腿的她需要爷爷用切掉一半的篮球代替她的下半身以保持平衡，这使得她成为“篮球女孩”。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Qian’s passion for swimming dates back to 2007, when she was invited by the local disabled people’s federation to watch the 2008 National Paralympic Games in Kunming, capital of Yunnan.(钱对游泳的热爱可以追溯到2007年，当时她应当地残疾人联合会的邀请，去云南省会昆明观看2008年残奥会。)”可知，因被邀请观看残奥会，她对游泳产生了兴趣。故选D项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。通过阅读第四段内容“In 2009, she won three gold medals in the provincial contests in Yunnan, as well as one gold medal and two silvers at national events. In 2014, she won another gold medal in the 100m breaststroke final in the Yunnan Provincial Paralympic Games. In the 2016 Rio Paralympic Games, she placed ninth in the 100m breaststroke.( 2009年，她在云南省的省级比赛中获得三枚金牌，在全国比赛中获得一枚金牌和两枚银牌。2014年，她在云南省残奥会100米蛙泳决赛中获得另一枚金牌。在2016年的残奥会上，她在100米蛙泳中排名第九。)”可知，该段按照时间顺序讲述了她在历次比赛中获得的成绩。选项C“Her achievements.(她的成就。)”高度概括的该段主旨。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容对她的事迹的总结“Qian’s journey to create a future for herself, despite losing both legs in a tragic accident, has become the story that inspired thousands of disabled people in China.(尽管在一次悲惨的事故中失去了双腿，钱为自己创造未来的历程已经成为激励中国成千上万残疾人的故事。)”可知，尽管经历了伤残的痛苦，但是，她没有放弃，而是努力成为创造未来的人，并在历次比赛中取得成绩，由此可推知，她的故事告诉我们“艰苦的努力终会有好的结果”。故选A项。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了在总人口缓慢增长的背景下，中国人口趋于老龄化的现象，以及专家对此的利弊分析。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Under the background of the slow growth of its total population to 1.44 billion, China has seen a sharp rise in older adults over the past decade, solidifying the country’s rapidly aging pattern, the latest national census (人口普查) data shows. The population on the Chinese mainland increased by an average of 0.53 percent annually during the past 10 years to 1.41 billion, compared with an annual growth rate of 0.57 percent from 2000 to 2010, according to the 7th national census published by the National Bureau of Statistics. (最新的全国人口普查数据显示，在总人口缓慢增长至14.4亿的背景下，中国的老年人口在过去十年中急剧增加，巩固了中国快速老龄化的格局。国家统计局发布的第七次全国人口普查显示，中国大陆人口在过去10年里以年均0.53%的速度增长，达到14.1亿，而2000年至2010年的年增长率为0.57%。)”可知，第七次全国人口普查数据说明了中国的老年人口迅速增加。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中Ning Jizhe 所说“A graying population will pile pressure on supply of labor force and social services, as well as adding to families’ elderly care burden. (人口老龄化将给劳动力和社会服务的供应带来压力，也会增加家庭的养老负担。)”可知，Ning Jizhe认为人口老龄化会增加家庭的压力。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Ning Jizhe 所说“A graying population will pile pressure on supply of labor force and social services, as well as adding to families’ elderly care burden. But more elderly people could also motivate consumption of products and services targeting this age group, and advance the development of some technologies. (人口老龄化将给劳动力和社会服务的供应带来压力，也会增加家庭的养老负担。但更多的老年人也可以刺激针对这个年龄段的产品和服务的消费，并推动一些技术的发展。)”可知，Ning Jizhe对人口老龄化的分析，既包括了弊端也包括优势，所以他的态度是客观的。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中根据第一段中“Under the background of the slow growth of its total population to 1.44 billion, China has seen a sharp rise in older adults over the past decade, solidifying the country’s rapidly aging pattern, the latest national census (人口普查) data shows. (最新的全国人口普查数据显示，在总人口缓慢增长至14.4亿的背景下，中国的老年人口在过去十年中急剧增加，巩固了中国快速老龄化的格局。)”可知，本文主要报道了近来，随着人口增长放缓，中国人口快速老龄化的现象。选项C“随着人口增长放缓，中国人口快速老龄化”符合文章主题，适合做标题。故选C项。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是中国即将发行的数字货币。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The CBDC is a new form of money issued digitally by the central bank and serves as legal currency. The to-be-issued currency could be put into electronic wallets to support direct and peer-to-peer transactions.（CBDC是中央银行数字发行的一种新型货币，是法定货币。即将发行的货币可以放入电子钱包，以支持直接和点对点交易。）”可知，CBDC将在中国合法使用，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Sweden, another supporter, has extended its digital currency project.（另一个支持者瑞典已经扩展了它的数字货币项目。）”可知，瑞典已经开始研究自己的数字货币。故选C。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“On February 17th it ended the third big test of its digital currency, handing out 10 million yuan to 50,000 shoppers in Beijing. It has announced a joint venture（合资企业）with SWIFT, an interbank-messaging system used for international payments.（2月17日，该公司结束了其数字货币的第三次大型测试，在北京向5万名购物者发放了1000万元。它已经宣布与SWIFT(用于国际支付的银行间消息传递系统)成立合资企业。）”可知，中国在数字货币方面有很多行动，是发行数字货币的领先者，故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“The CBDC is a new form of money issued digitally by the central bank and serves as legal currency.（CBDC是中央银行数字发行的一种新型货币，是法定货币。）”可知，本文主要讲的是中国即将发行的数字货币，货币是经济范畴的，因此这篇文章可能从经济杂志里摘出，故选B。
山东省潍坊市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末统考英语试
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款能挽救你性命的应用程序。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“You simply take a photo of any suspicious spot with your phone and you'll then receive a risk indication from Skin Vision within 30 seconds.( 你只需用手机拍下任何可疑点的照片，你就会在30秒内收到Skin Vision的风险提示。)”可知，Skin Vision应用程序可以自动检查皮肤。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“An app like this is more useful for saving someone else's life than your own, but arguably it's a necessity on your smartphone. (像这样的应用程序在拯救别人的生命时比你自己的更有用，但可以说它是你智能手机上的必需品。)”可知，St John Ambulance First Aid这款应用软件给别人带来的好处远超我们自己。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“This allows emergency services-or anyone else you give the location to-to reach you. (这使得紧急服务——或者任何你提供位置的人——能够联系到你。)”和最后一段“ You simply press the +key in a chat, select "Location", and then press "Share Live Location", which enables any participants in the chat to see your location in real time for the duration you choose.( 你只需在聊天中按下+键，选择“位置”，然后按下“共享实时位置”，这可以让聊天中的任何参与者在你选择的时间内实时看到你的位置。)”可知，What 3 words and WhatsApp这两款应用软件的共同之处在于它们可以将你的位置告诉别人。故选B。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了克里斯·斯皮尔所创建的一个名为“没有餐厅的厨师”的在线资源，目的是在厨师之间共享资源。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Over the years, he worked for big restaurants and reached a point where he had almost 100 employees reporting to him. That's when he missed flexibility and wanted to be more creative. So, he quit working for restaurants and set up his own catering（餐饮）company,（多年来，他在大型餐厅工作，有近100名员工向他汇报工作。那时他失去了灵活性，想要更有创造力。所以，他辞掉了餐馆的工作，成立了自己的餐饮公司）”可知斯皮尔开创了自己的事业，因为他不想被束缚。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Spear said he wanted to find an arrangement that would be beneficial to all such groups but didn't cost them any money.That inspired him to found Chefs Without Restaurants, an online resource for chefs.（斯皮尔说，他想找到一种对所有这些群体都有利的安排，但又不花他们一分钱。这启发他创建了一个为厨师提供在线资源的“没有餐厅的厨师”）”可知“没有餐厅的厨师”的初衷是在厨师之间共享资源。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Spear is building a website where customers will be able to check out profiles of the Chefs Without Restaurants members, learn about their specialties and see what kinds of events they can cater, large or small. （斯皮尔正在建立一个网站，在这个网站上，顾客可以查看“无餐厅厨师”会员的资料，了解他们的专长，并了解他们可以承办的大型或小型活动。）”可知网络中关于厨师的数据会吸引顾客。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It's tough out there for a small business, and not a lot of small businesses succeed. It's important that we can work together and be successful, both of us. "（对于小企业来说，这是艰难的，而且没有多少小企业能成功。重要的是我们能一起工作并且成功）”以及“small businesses should help one another succeed.（小型企业应该互相帮助取得成功。）”可知引用莎朗·斯特莱布的话来强调斯皮尔的工作的重要性。故选B。
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在英国共享育儿假法的实施情况，以及不同人群对它的态度。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Shock new statistics show that almost two thirds of dads would be keen on taking much more time off work to spend with their children when they are first born.”（令人震惊的新统计数据显示，近三分之二的父亲希望在他们的孩子新出生时能抽出更多的时间陪孩子。）和第二段的“Yet, while 62% of fathers say they want to use shared parental leave laws to get a more even split(份额)with mums, almost none of them have actually done so.A study from the University of Birmingham suggested that a number of factors are getting in the way. It pointed to workplace culture, social expectations and financial pressures all being serious barriers to progress.（然而，尽管62%的父亲表示，他们希望通过共享育儿假法来与母亲更公平地分配产假，但他们中几乎没有人真的这么做了。伯明翰大学的一项研究表明，有很多因素在阻碍这一进程。报告指出，工作场所文化、社会期望和财务压力都是进步的严重障碍）”可知，虽然大多数父亲表达了愿意花时间照顾孩子的愿望，但受到了很多因素的阻碍。由此可知，大多数父亲的育儿现状是：期待遇到了残酷的事实。故选C项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“A survey showed 41% of mums are open to a more equal split of time-but 42% are opposed to using the new laws.”（一项调查显示，41%的妈妈愿意接受更平等的时间分配，但是42%的妈妈反对使用新法律。）可知，当谈到改变时，很多妈妈们是不愿意的，推测划线单词表示“不情愿的”，与unwilling同义。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，文章第一段提到数据统计，第二段提到伯明翰大学的研究，第三段提到一项调查，第四段提到研究的调查结果，所以作者是通过提供研究成果来组织文章的。故选D项。
【11题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了共享育儿假法的实施情况，以及不同人权对它的态度。所以“共享育儿假法”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了南极洲的思韦茨冰川浮冰量在过去30年里增加了一倍，引起了人们的关注。文章通过两张照片来解释了这一变化，并说明了科学家对此的看法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier has been in the spotlight in recent years, as scientists have undertaken a multi-part international project to study the vast glacier from all angles. The urgency comes from observations and analyses showing that the amount of ice flowing from Thwaites—and contributing to sea level rise—has doubled in the past three decades. Scientists think the glacier could witness even more dramatic changes in the near future.(南极洲的思韦茨冰川近年来一直是人们关注的焦点，因为科学家们已经开始了一项由多个部分组成的国际项目，从各个角度研究这片巨大的冰川。这种紧迫性来自于观察和分析，这些观察和分析表明，从思韦特流出的冰的数量在过去30年里增加了一倍，而这些冰是导致海平