《状元之路》2013-2014学年高中英语人教版必修四单元测评：Unit 2 Working the land（含解析）

单元测评(二)　Unit 2 Working the land
(时间：90分钟　满分：110分)
第一部分　英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节　语法和词汇知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．Mr. Smith has made ________ important discovery in the medical field during ________ past decade.
A. an; the B. an; a
C. /; the D. /; a
答案与解析　A discovery在题中指一项发现，为可数名词，故其前用冠词；past decade前加定冠词特指“过去的十年”。
2．— What was it that ________ the terrible accident?
— His driving after drinking.
A. referred to B. turned to
C. led to D. added to
答案与解析　C lead to意为“导致”。句意：——是什么导致了这起可怕的事故？——酒后驾驶。refer to“指的是；涉及”； turn to“转向”； add to“增加”。
3．The ________ situation of the chess game really made every member in the audience ________.
A. confused; confused B. confusing; confused
C. confusing; confusing D. confused; confusing
答案与解析　B confusing“令人迷惑的”，具有主动意义； confused“迷惑的”，描述的对象常常是人，也可用来描述与人有关的事物。
4．Those climbers struggled ________ the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain.
A. for B. on
C. to D. against
答案与解析　D struggle against“和……斗争”； struggle for“为……而斗争”。
5．________ the mistakes in red ink is one of the ways that teachers usually use to remind students to pay attention to their work.
A. Underlined B. Underline
C. Being underlined D. Underlining
答案与解析　D teachers与underline之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用underlining作主语。
6．According to the report, the number of animals used in experiments ________ by 30% over the years.
A. was reduced B. has been reduced
C. were reduced D. have been reduced
答案与解析　B 时间状语over the years常与现在完成时连用；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，且reduce与the number of animals之间是动宾关系，故选B项。
7．The couple upstairs always quarrel, making ________ impossible for me to focus on my study.
A. this B. it
C. what D. that
答案与解析　B 句意：楼上的夫妇经常吵架，使我无法安心学习。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是for me to focus on my study。
8．The work is progressing smoothly, ________， we can expect to finish it on time.
A. therefore B. besides
C. however D. instead
答案与解析　A 句意：工作进展顺利，因此我们有望准时完成它。therefore“因此；所以”； besides“除此之外”； however“然而”； instead“代替；反而”。
9．As it is raining heavily, I would rather ________ at home than ________ out with them.
A. stay; going B. staying; going
C. staying; go D. stay; go
答案与解析　D would rather do sth. than do sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
10．— Mary has caught a bad cold.
— Has she? I regret ________ her to put on more clothes yesterday.
A. not to remind B. not to be reminded
C. not reminding D. not being reminded
答案与解析　C regret doing sth.表示“对曾经做过的事情表示后悔”； regret to do sth.表示“对将要做的事情表示遗憾”。根据句意可知“我”对过去没有提醒玛丽多穿衣服而感到后悔，故选C项。
11．Dressed in her most beautiful clothes, Miss Green became the ________ of attention at the party that evening.
A. place B. sight
C. position D. focus
答案与解析　D 句意：格林小姐穿着她最漂亮的衣服，那天晚上确实成了晚会上人们关注的焦点(focus)。
12．________ the firefighters' timely rescue, we were able to escape from the big fire.
A. As for B. According to
C. Thanks to D. Instead of
答案与解析　C 句意：多亏(Thanks to)消防员及时营救，我们才能从大火中逃脱。as for“关于；至于”； according to“按照；依据”； instead of“代替；而不是”。
13．— It's too hot.
— Let's open the windows to allow the air to ________.
A. pass B. cross
C. circle D. circulate
答案与解析　D　根据It's too hot可知，开窗户的目的是为了让空气循环(circulate)。
14．This house is so big and beautiful. I think the rent must be ________ as the other one.
A. three times as more B. three times as much
C. as much three times D. as three times more
答案与解析　B　倍数表达法之一：倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...。
15．— How about going abroad for a holiday this summer?
— ________ — we are heavily in debt.
A. Better forget it B. Sounds great
C. I can't agree more D. It's up to you
答案与解析　A　根据答语破折号后面的内容可知答话人不同意今年夏天去国外旅行，故选Better forget it(最好别提了)。
第二节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Emma walked down the stairs with a big piece of clean, white paper.
“I'm going to __16__ an eagle，” she said to herself.
Carefully she laid her paper on the table. She took her box of crayons from the drawer and __17__ a long brown crayon.
“Emma, I'm going to the __18__，” said her mother. “I __19__ to write my shopping list, and I can't __20__ a piece of paper. Have you seen any？”
Emma thought for a moment. “I can give you half of my __21__，” she said.
She folded (对折) the paper __22__ carefully tore (撕) it down the __23__. She handed half to her mother.
“Thank you very much, dear，” said her __24__.
“You're welcome，” said Emma.
She took her half of the paper and __25__ it. The paper was too __26__ to draw an eagle.
“I can draw a parrot，” she thought.
Emma took a short orange crayon from her __27__.
“Emma, Grandma is on the phone，” called her father. “I need to write a __28__. Do you know where I can find some paper？”
Emma looked at her __29__ with the long torn edge. “You can have __30__ of mine, Dad，” she said.
She folded the paper __31__ and tore it down the middle. She __32__ half to her father.
“Thank you very much，” he said.
“You're welcome, Dad，” said Emma.
She looked at her paper and the two torn __33__. The paper was too small to draw a(n) __34__.
“What can I draw now？” thought Emma.
Suddenly, she got an __35__. Maybe the paper was too small for an eagle or a parrot, but she could draw a beautiful butterfly.
16．A. make B. draw
C. protect D. check
17．A. borrowed B. showed
C. lost D. picked
18．A. hospital B. store
C. station D. playground
19．A. decide B. promise
C. choose D. need
20．A. buy B. read
C. keep D. find
21．A. piece B. copy
C. success D. dinner
22．A. but B. and
C. or D. so
23．A. middle B. bottom
C. side D. front
24．A. grandmother B. grandfather
C. mother D. father
25．A. waited for B. looked at
C. thought of D. talked about
26．A. small B. dirty
C. old D. thin
27．A. bag B. box
C. drawer D. pocket
28．A. list B. story
C. message D. letter
29．A. screen B. seat
C. paper D. picture
30．A. some B. all
C. none D. half
31．A. happily B. carefully
C. patiently D. seriously
32．A. handed B. paid
C. returned D. left
33．A. ends B. edges
C. centers D. crayons
34．A. house B. phone
C. parrot D. eagle
35．A. idea B. opinion
C. explanation D. excuse
答案与解析　
语篇解读　 本文是记叙文。Emma因为与父母分享了自己要作画的纸张，所以一再改变自己的作画计划。
16．B 下文多次出现的draw提示了本题的答案。
17．D Emma想要画只鹰，所以她“挑了(picked)”一支棕色的蜡笔。
18．B　见19题解析。
19．D 根据shopping list可推测，妈妈要去“商店(store)”，所以“需要(need)”写张购物清单。
20．D 根据下句妈妈问Emma要纸可知，妈妈现在“找(find)”不到纸写购物清单。
21．A 根据下文Emma撕纸的举动可知，她要给妈妈一半自己的纸，故此处用量词piece指代纸张。
22．B 本空前后的两个动作“折纸”和“撕纸”是顺接关系，故此处用and。
23．A 根据上下文都出现的half可知， Emma从“中间(middle)”把纸撕成两半。下文中的tore it down the middle也是提示。
24．C 根据上文内容可知，Emma帮了妈妈一个忙，所以此处是“妈妈(mother)”在道谢。
25．B　见下一题解析。
26．A Emma“看着(looked at)”自己剩下的一半纸，觉得纸太“小(small)”了，画不下一只鹰。
27．B Emma决定画一只鹦鹉，所以从蜡笔“盒(box)”里拿出一支橘黄色的蜡笔。
28．C'根据上句中的on the phone可推测，爸爸需要写个“便条(message)”。
29．C Emma已经撕过一次自己的纸了，所以这里是指她看着自己有撕痕的“纸(paper)”。
30．D 根据下段中的tore it down the middle可知，Emma要给爸爸“一半(half)”纸。
31．B Emma“小心地(carefully)”把纸对折，然后一撕两半。上文中的carefully tore也是提示。
32．A Emma把一半纸“递给了(handed)”爸爸。
33．B Emma撕了两次纸，所以纸上有两个撕过的“边(edges)”。
34．C 根据上文内容可知，Emma在把自己的纸分了一半给妈妈后决定画只鹦鹉，但是当她把剩下的纸又分给爸爸一半后，她留给自己的纸连“鹦鹉(parrot)”也画不下了。
35．A 下文画蝴蝶就是Emma想出来的“主意(idea)”。
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节；满分30分)
第一节　(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Ladybirds (瓢虫) didn't have black spots on their backs at first. Then a storm broke out, and their famous guide, Caius Insectus, disappeared into the flood (洪水), and the few ladybirds who survived had to choose a new leader to guide them out of trouble. They decided that their new leader would be the first ladybird to successfully travel south to the Great Lake and return to describe it.
Many young ladybirds moved off immediately into this adventure. One by one they returned and told of how beautiful the southern lake was at that time of year, with its clear waters and flowers. However, the last of the ladybirds was late in getting back. He hadn't managed to reach the lake. Everyone criticized (批评) him, and they prepared to continue their journey the next day.
Following their new guide, they spent a morning walking northwards until they reached some tall thick grassland, where they stopped. There were no clear waters or flowers in front of them. The heavy rain had turned the place into a huge green puddle (水坑). Everyone understood what had happened. When the ladybirds had gone out looking for the lake, they had gone in the wrong direction. Now they could see that, except that one late ladybird, they had lied in order to get what they wanted.
And so, the late little ladybird was made the Great Guide. They also decided that every time one of them was discovered lying they would paint a black spot on that ladybird's back. From then on, when a ladybird looks at another's back, it can tell whether that ladybird can be trusted.
语篇解读　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了瓢虫背上黑点的由来。
36．Why did the ladybirds decide to choose a new guide?
A. They lost their way in the storm.
B. They weren't satisfied with Caius Insectus.
C. They needed someone to lead them out of danger.
D. They needed someone to help prepare for the storm.
答案与解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“choose a new leader to guide them out of trouble”可知C项正确。
37．Many young ladybirds lied because they ________.
A. didn't want to be in danger
B. wanted to be the new guide
C. wanted to make others happy
D. didn't want to get spots on their backs
答案与解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句和第三段最后一句可知答案。
38．How did the ladybirds probably feel when they stopped at the tall thick grassland?
A. Nervous. B. Afraid.
C. Excited. D. Angry.
答案与解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中提到的瓢虫们决定给撒谎的那些瓢虫背上涂黑点的事情可以推断，当到达草地发现被骗时，他们应该很“生气”。
39．What's the main idea of the text?
A. Why ladybirds have black spots on their backs.
B. How ladybirds choose their leaders and guides.
C. What the black spots on ladybirds' backs mean.
D. Why ladybirds lie to each other.
答案与解析　A　主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句和最后一段点明了主旨。
B
When it comes to the reason why those people are fond of the foods and other products (产品) of Fresh Choice, I'm willing to share with you some information about that. Here I would like to show you a way to inspect its wonderful stories. So far, it has become popular among the public and has won great fame within a short period of time. Lots of people are crazy about this special restaurant and like to have a try.
Compared with other famous companies that provide foods, it has enjoyed a quite short history, as it was created in 1986. However, it has some important characteristics that have led to its success.
First of all, most people are familiar with its natural farm produce. That is to say, this concept just lives_up_to the demands of environmental protection and balanced diets. In addition, Fresh Choice provides customers with all kinds of foods, including soups, desserts and all kinds of salads, along with many other delicious dishes. The most important thing is that all these foods contain enough nutrition, such as protein, vitamins and fiber. At the same time, they keep customers away from too much fat, carbohydrates (碳水化合物) and calories, which helps them keep a balanced diet and lifestyle. More often than not, many people suffer the serious problem of being overweight, especially in western countries. It is important for them to lose weight and improve their confidence. And Fresh Choice is just the right choice for them and saves them from this serious problem. What is more, customers can get a good discount with more visits. With the powerful support of some promotional (促销的) activities, more and more people have developed a good impression of Fresh Choice and share their pleasant experience with close friends and family.
语篇解读　越来越多的人喜欢去Fresh Choice消费，不仅在于它提供的食品花样繁多，更重要的是它的食品有益于人的身体健康。
40．The underlined phrase “lives up to” can be replaced by “________”．
A. satisfies B. threatens
C. stands for D. gives up
答案与解析　A　词义猜测题。根据第三段“... they keep customers away from too much fat, carbohydrates and high calories, which helps them keep a balanced diet and lifestyle”可知Fresh Choice提供的食物是健康的。由画线单词所在句子可推知Fresh Choice提供的natural farm produce肯定是“符合”环境保护和均衡饮食的要求。故A项正确。
41．People are crazy about Fresh Choice mainly because ________.
A. it enjoys great fame
B. it has a long history
C. it offers healthy food
D. it provides cheap but tasty food
答案与解析　C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“The most important thing is that all these foods contain enough nutrition, such as protein, vitamins and fiber. At the same time, they keep customers away from too much fat, carbohydrates and calories, which helps them keep a balanced diet and lifestyle”可知Fresh Choice受人欢迎的主要原因在于它提供健康的食品。
42．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Most westerners are satisfied with their weight.
B. Fresh Choice has never held any promotional activities.
C. Most people don't know about natural farm produce.
D. It didn't take long for Fresh Choice to become famous.
答案与解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段的“... it has become popular among the public and has won great fame within a short period of time.”可知D项描述正确。
C
Sooner or later, many families will face the situation of moving. The experience can be very bad for kids, who may not be a part of the decision to move and may not understand it. You can take steps to make the whole process (过程) easier for everyone.
Many kids like to stay in familiar places. So as you consider a move, weigh the benefits of that change against the comfort that neighborhood, school, and social life give your kids. If your family has recently dealt with a big life change, such as death, you may want to put off a move to give your children time to accept the fact.
The decision to move may be out of your hands, perhaps because of a new job or money problems. Even if you're not happy about the move, try to keep a positive attitude to it. During the move, a parent's attitude can greatly influence kids.
No matter what the results are, the most important way to prepare kids to move is to talk about it. Try to give your children as much information about the move as possible. You can ask kids to join in the planning such as househunting or the search for a new school. This can make the change feel less like it's being forced on them. If you're moving across town, try to take your children to visit the new house and the new neighborhood.
A move can have many problems, but good things also come from this kind of change. Your family might grow closer and you may learn more about each other by going through it together.
43．According to the passage kids may feel a move is a bad experience because ________.
A. they don't like the moving process
B. they may feel they're forced to do so
C. they think their parents don't care about them
D. they often feel lonely in a new school
答案与解析　B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段说明的内容可知需要搬迁时父母应和孩子交流，以免他们认为他们是被迫要搬迁的。
44．In which situation does the writer advise to put off a move?
A. The new neighborhood isn't safe.
B. The parents have money problems.
C. A family member has just died.
D. The kid's birthday is coming.
答案与解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“If your family has recently dealt with a big life change, such as death, you may want to put off a move ...”一句可知答案。
45．When making the move easier for kids ________ is most important.
A. letting them themselves choose a school
B. trying not to show them the bad parts of a move
C. telling them as much information as possible
D. promising to choose a new house with them
答案与解析　C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Try to give your children as much information about the move as possible.”一句可知答案。A项和D项的说明和同一段中“You can ask kids to join in the planning such as househunting or the search for a new school.”一句说明不吻合。
第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A guide to finding yourself
Do you ever have a feeling that you're not going where you want to go? __46__ If you feel like this, finding yourself could be the most important thing you should do.
Review your relationships
The people we love are among the most important things in our lives. You need to think about your relationships. __47__ Do you show your thankfulness for them? Is there a way you can improve your relationship? Do you need to apologize about anything?
__48__
How does what you do, and how you live, influence the environment? How does it influence your neighborhood? Your life has an influence, whether you think about it or not. Knowing how your decisions affect others is important.
Consider the real costs of the things in your life
Our lives are filled with stuff (东西): our houses, our offices and so on. __49__ It takes up the space in our life. If the stuff is out of use, then get rid of it.
Review how you spend your time
Most of us don't really know how we spend our time. __50__ If we know how we're spending our time now, we can make wise decisions to change how we spend our time in the future.
A. Or that you don't know how you got where you are today?
B. It must be cleaned, moved, taken with us when we move.
C. If we record how we use our time, it can be surprising.
D. Do you spend enough time with them?
E. What do you want your life to be like?
F. Consider your influence on the world
G. Review your daily life
答案　46.A　47.D　48.F　49.B　50.C
第三部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节　短文改错(每小题1分，满分10分)
英语课上，老师要求同桌同学相互修改作文。假设以下短文为你同桌所写，请你对其进行修改。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
3．必须按答题要求做题，否则不给分。
Dear Lucy，
I was delighting to receive your letter. Thank you for the English dictionary you bought it for me. I received it this morning. There is no doubt that it is of great helpful to me. I'm deeply grateful for your advice what I should pay more attention to practice my spoken English. I've made up my mind to speak English both in and out of class. Next month I'll take trip to Australia, which is organizing by my school. I hope I can practise my spoken English there as many as possible. By the way, I am sending you a set of stamp with this letter, and I'll send you more if I got any. I do hope you will have a good holiday.
答案　
Dear Lucy，
I was to receive your letter. Thank you for the English dictionary you bought for me. I received it this morning. There is no doubt that it is of great to me. I'm deeply grateful for your advice I should pay more attention to my spoken English. I've made up my mind to speak English both in and out of class. Next month I'll take trip to Australia, which is by my school. I hope I can practice my spoken English there as as possible. By the way, I am sending you a set of with this letter, and I'll send you more if I any. I do hope you will have a good holiday.
第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
最近的一项调查显示，我国每年餐桌上浪费的食物高达2,000亿元，相当于2亿多人一年的口粮。近日，某英语报以Join in the “Clean Your Plate” Campaign为题向中学生征文。请根据提示，用英语写一篇短文应征。内容包括：浪费的原因；浪费的后果；你的看法和措施。
注意：1.短文的标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可根据提示和内容要点适当发挥；
3．词数120左右。
参考词汇：资源 resource; 剩菜 leftovers
Join in the “Clean Your Plate” Campaign
We often see people waste food because ___________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
范文　
Join_in_the_“Clean_Your_Plate”_Campaign
We_often_see_people_waste_food_because they order too much for their meals, or the food is not delicious enough or not properly kept.
A survey indicates each year China wastes 200 billion yuan worth of food, which is enough to feed over 200 million people.
Food waste means wasting money as well as wasting precious resources. When food is thrown away, it becomes rubbish which can be harmful to the environment and people's health.
It's meaningful to join in the “Clean Your Plate” Campaign, which helps us realize how difficult it is for a grain of rice to come on our plate and how important it is to save food. It's wise to order a proper amount of food for our meals. If there're leftovers, it's better to take them home. To save food, we should start with ourselves and start from now.
《从社区看我家》（说课稿）
尊敬的各位专家、同仁：
大家好。我今天说课的题目是《从社区看我家》，共分为六个部分：教材分析、学情分析、教法学法、教学流程、板书设计和设计感悟。
一、教材分析
（一）教材地位和作用
《从社区看我家》一课是人教版七上第一单元第一课“我的家在哪里”的第1课时。作为全书的第一部分，旨在引导学生从认识个人生活的社区环境着眼，从身边熟悉的事物出发，逐步认识我们生活的世界。教材主要通过平面图和地图的方式来说明家在社区中的位置，阅读和使用地图是学生认识社会，以及生活中不可或缺的基础知识和基本技能，也是学习历史与社会课程的必备工具之一。
根据课标要求，结合教材内容和学生实际，我拟定了如下教学目标：
（二）教学目标
1．知识与能力：知道地图的三要素,运用地图确定方向及测定距离。
2．过程与方法：学生在绘制教室平面图等课堂活动中，通过比较、概括等思维过程，形成地图三要素的基本概念，进而学会解决实际问题。
3．情感态度价值观：通过体验性学习，激发学生学习地理问题的热情，同时培养学生的合作精神、让学生享受成功的喜悦。
（三）教学重难点　
在教学目标和教材内容的指引下，结合学生知识储备，我拟定了如下教学重、难点：
重点：地图三要素的学习与运用。
难点：比例尺的学习与运用。
二、学情分析
初中学生好动、好奇、好表现；注意力易分散，爱发表见解，希望得到老师的表扬，所以一方面要创设学生感兴趣的情境，引发学生的兴趣，使他们的注意力始终集中在课堂上。另一方面要创造条件和机会，让学生发表见解，并且及时激励学生，发挥学生学习的主动性。
三、教法学法
我的教学总体构想是“教师搭台，学生唱戏” ，倡导学生主动学习，乐于探究。“教师搭台”是指我设置情景，通过问题的设计扮演好组织者和引路者的角色。 “学生唱戏”是指让学生分组讨论，合作探究读图，通过活动进行体验性学习，让学生真正成为课堂活动的主角。
四、说教学流程
（一）情境创设、导入新课
【课前准备】
即将召开家长会，布置学生预习本节内容，每人画一张学校平面图，帮助家长能准确找到自己的班级。
【设计意图】
通过预习让学生对地图的基本要素有初步的了解，同时也锻炼学生收集地理信息的能力。
上课时，请同学相互展示自己所画的平面图，并相互点评对方所绘平面图的完整性。
【设计意图】
由学生自己所画的平面图引入，会让学生对这部分知识感到亲切。同时通过点评让学生相互去发现对方所绘平面地图的完整性，这样既达到导入新课——地图的三要素的目的又激发学生学习本节课的兴趣。
（二）师生互动、突出重点
选两张学生画的有代表性的学校平面图
1、图例和注记
提问：同样所画是学校平面图，为什么教学楼A楼在两幅图中所画的不一样呢？
学生讨论，引出图例和注记。
图例——地图上用来表示各种地理事物的符号
注记——地图上用来说明符号的文字和数字（选择一幅地图解释哪些属于图例，哪些属于注记）
指导学生读图：观察“常用图例图”，并利用《世界政区图》和《世界地形图》去寻找这些图例，通过学和用，来加深印象。
【设计意图】
这部分知识较为简单，以学生为主体，通过观察法进行学习。以看图分析为主，同时培养学生读图、分析地图的能力。
2、方向
继续提问：同样所画是学校平面图，为什么操场和教学楼在两幅图中的相对位置不一样呢？
学生讨论，引出方向。（因为他们所站的观察角度不同即方向不同，所以两者的相对位置不一样）
一般定向法：学会肯定会说出“上北下南、左西右东”这一方向判定口诀，在学生回答的基础上给出没有任何方向指示的地图，叫学生说出指定的两地的相对方向。然后给出“地平面上八个方向图”。
指向标定向法：再给出一幅带有指向标的地图，指定两地叫学生判断相对方向，学生肯定会忽视指向标，从而回答错误，这时在地图上圈出“指向标”提醒学生，并告知口诀：指向标永远指向北方，然后从新判断两地相对位置。（南京站在中山陵什么方向）
经纬网定向法：给出一幅带有经纬网的地图，指定两地叫学生判断相对方向，因为之前没有学习过有关经纬线知识，所以，经纬网学生也是初次了解，因为在从地球仪上看世界要重点讲解经纬线，所以，本课仅让学生了解“经线指示南北方向，纬线指示东西方向”即可。
一般定向法：上北下南、左西右东
总结：方向的分类 指向标定向法：箭头总是指向北
经纬网定向法：经线指示南北方向、纬线指示东西方向
【设计意图】
这一部分教学主要是通过典型实例分析，让学生在学中练，在练中学，完成三幅地图中方向的判断，掌握
知识点，培养学生的识图、用图的能力。
师说明：因为比例尺的学习既是重点也是难点，所以将比例尺内容放在难点处讲解。
（三）合作探究、突破难点
3、比例尺
再次提问：同样是学校平面图，为什么操场在两幅图中大小不一样呢？
学生讨论，引出比例尺。
比例尺：比例尺表示图上距离比实地距离缩小的程度，地图上的比例尺也简称为“缩尺”。 图上距离
比例尺=
实地距离
合作探究活动：小组合作，量出教室的长和宽，按比例缩小画在纸上，画出教室的平面图，并标出比例尺大小。（分小组测量，共享数据，可以节省时间）
通过活动发现问题。
问题一：比例尺应该用何种形式表示？
学生在作图的过程中，教师通过观察发现，在表示比例尺时，学生有的用线段表示，有的用文字表示，还有的用数字表示。
小结：比例尺的三种表现形式，老师强调比例尺使用时要注意的事项，如数字式比例尺表示的是图上距离与实际距离的倍数关系，使用时两者单位要一致；线段和文字式比例尺须注明数值和单位。
问题二：比例尺大小对比
【课堂练习】：三种比例尺表示方法间的换算和比较。
（对学生进行学法指导：首先一律写成分数形式，其次换算成统一单位，最后比较分母，分母数字大比例尺则小，分母数字小比例尺则大。）
【拓展】：给出浙江省地图和中国地图，注明两幅图图幅大小相同，设计三个问题：
哪一幅地图表示的区域范围大？
杭州在两幅地图中的详细程度是否相同？
为什么会出现这种情况？
指导学生观察地图，解决三个问题，可以得出结论：
在图幅相同的情况下进行比较
比例尺
大
小
表示的范围
小
大
内容详略
详细
简略
【设计意图】
比例尺这部分内容是本节课的一个重难点，虽然学生知道比例尺，但是，对于比例尺中各项具体表示的内容很容易混淆。让学生自己动手测量、绘图，可以加深对比例尺定义的理解及发现因比例尺大小引起实地范围大小及内容详略程度不同。故而，采用活动教学。 从活动中发现问题，再讨论分析问题，最后由学生解决问题，体现学生的主体地位。
（四）拓展延伸、留有余味
作业设计：根据所学地图三要素知识，将自己所画的学校平面图修改完善，然后从班级中选出最好的一幅（图例和注记清楚，比例尺选用得当，方向清楚标明），复印发给每位同学家长，并注明姓名。
五、板书设计
图例和注记：常用图例
地 一般定向法：上北下南、左西右东
图 方向： 指向标定向法：指向标永远指向北方
“ 经纬网定向法：经线指示南北方向、纬线指示东西方向
语
言 公式 数字式
” 三种表示方法 线段式
文字式
比例尺： 比例尺大小对比
比例尺大小、地图实地范围大小、内容详略程度之间关系


六、设计感悟
本课设计与别人不一样，主要体现在以下几方面：
注重学生能力的提升：通过层层问题的设计，对学生进行思维引导，提升学生思考能力；指导学生
读图，培养读图能力等。
2、注重学生情感的升华：通过绘画学校平面图，感受体验性学习，激发学生学习地理知识的热情，通过选择最好的地图在家长会上使用并注明姓名，调动学生积极性，为荣誉而努力。
3、注重学生合作意识的培养：通过小组合作探究活动，增加学生合作意识，共同完成任务。
以上就是我对《从社区看我家》的说课设计，在讲述过程中如有不妥之处，敬请各位专家、同仁批评指正，谢谢大家。