《状元之路》2013-2014学年高中英语人教版必修四综合质量测评（含解析）

单元测评(六)　综合质量测评
(时间：90分钟　满分：110分)
第一部分　英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节　语法和词汇知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．Mrs. Smith is a woman of ________ few words, but she comes to ________ life at once when we talk about cooking.
A. /; / B. a; /
C. /; the D. a; the
答案与解析　A　a woman of few words“一个沉默寡言的女人”； come to life“恢复生机；活跃起来”。
2．The population of the community ________ not large, but more than 40% of them have received college education.
A. was B. is
C. were D. are
答案与解析　B　population意为“人口”，作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，且根据后一分句时态可知，前一分句应表示目前的状态，故用一般现在时。
3．There was a heated ________ among the people whether the toppest building should be built in Changsha.
A. consideration B. campaign
C. argument D. permission
答案与解析　C　根据whether the toppest building should be built in Changsha可知，他们之间有争论(argument)。consideration“考虑”； campaign“运动；战役”； permission“允许”。
4．I left a handbag ________ 2,000 yuan in the taxi, and it was never to be found again.
A. to contain B. contained
C. containing D. being contained
答案与解析　C　contain与其逻辑主语handbag之间是主谓关系，且在此应作后置定语修饰handbag，故选C项。
5．— Paul, do ________. Have you forgotten the school rules?
— I'm sorry.
A. conduct B. perform
C. react D. behave
答案与解析　D　conduct“实施；进行”； perform“执行；表演”； react“反应”； behave“(举止或行为)表现”。由问句的第二句及答语可知，发话者让保罗注意自己的行为，故选D项。
6．One advantage of living on the top floor is ________ you can get a wonderful view of the whole city.
A. that B. whether
C. where D. when
答案与解析　A　分析句子结构可知，从句不缺少任何成分，故用that引导表语从句，起连接作用。
7．Lucy will keep her word and carry on with the project ________ it means losing a lot of money.
A. so that B. as though
C. now that D. even if
答案与解析　D　主从句之间为让步关系，故用even if。句意：露西会信守诺言，继续这项工程，哪怕这意味着要损失很多钱。
8．— Too much smoking can ________ cancer.
— Thanks for your advice. I will give it up.
A. lead to B. result from
C. build up D. rely on
答案与解析　A　过量吸烟会引起(lead to)癌症。
9．________ by angry workers, the boss looked worried.
A. To be surrounded B. Surrounded
C. Surrounding D. To surround
答案与解析　B　由by angry workers可知，此处用过去分词短语作状语，相当于When/Because he was surrounded ...。
10．Professor Wang introduced us to a new approach ________ foreign language learning at yesterday's meeting.
A. with B. about
C. on D. to
答案与解析　D　approach作“方法”讲，常与介词to搭配。
11．My mother always said that when someone was hungry, he wouldn't be ________ about what he ate.
A. special B. particular
C. unusual D. especial
答案与解析　B　be particular about“对……挑剔的”，符合语境。special“专门的；特别的”； unusual“不寻常的；独特的”； especial“特别的；特殊的”。
12．— Shall I open the window to let some fresh air in?
— No, ________
A. I'd rather not to B. I'd rather you not
C. I'd rather you didn't D. I'd rather you don't
答案与解析　C　would rather后的宾语从句中常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的情况。
13．You will no longer feel lonely once you've made some friends ________ you can share your smiles and tears.
A. with whom B. for whom
C. by whom D. to whom
答案与解析　A　由share可知，在此用with whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词friends。share your smiles and tears with sb.“与某人分享喜怒哀乐”。
14．What my English teacher gave me was ________ just English knowledge. He encouraged me.
A. other than B. rather than
C. no more than D. more than
答案与解析　D　由第二句可知，英语老师给“我”的不只是知识，还有鼓励，故用more than，表示“不仅仅”。other than“除了”； rather than“而不是”； no more than“不过；仅仅”。
15．— My eyes ache.
— ________. You have been surfing the Internet the whole night.
A. No way B. No wonder
C. Not necessary D. Not really
答案与解析　B　根据语境“整晚在上网”，可知眼疼不足为奇了(no wonder)。No way“不可能；决不；无论如何不”； Not necessary“没有必要”； Not really“事实上不是”。
第二节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A long time ago, there was a tiger in the forest. He was the __16__ of the animals. One day the tiger asked a little cat to see __17__ his palace was built. After a few hours, the little cat __18__ and said to the tiger, “My dear king, your __19__ is very large, tall and beautiful.” The tiger was very __20__ to hear that. Several __21__ later, the tiger said to a pig, “It's been days since the cat saw my palace. Now, you go and see it __22__.” But when the pig came back, he said to the tiger, “My dear king, I thought that your palace is beautiful, but it __23__ yourself only.”
The tiger was very __24__ when he heard what the pig said. “Why are the cat's and the pig's __25__ not the same？” he said to __26__. He then asked a camel to go to have a(n) __27__. Before long the camel ran back out of breath (气喘吁吁) and said to the tiger, “Oh, your palace is too __28__ for you to live in, my king.”
The king became very angry when he heard what the camel said. He said to the animals, “Maybe somebody of you tells __29__. You three have three ideas. I want to __30__ you.” Just at the moment, a fox came out to __31__ the tiger. He asked the tiger himself to go to see it before killing them. The tiger __32__. After he saw the palace himself, he thought that their answers were all __33__. He said to the __34__， “You should remember that to see with your own eyes is more important than only to __35__ others.”
16．A. brother B. friend
C. enemy D. king
17．A. why B. where
C. how D. when
18．A. came back B. got up
C. paid back D. turned up
19．A. station B. office
C. palace D. bed
20．A. sad B. crazy
C. nervous D. happy
21．A. years B. minutes
C. hours D. days
22．A. no more B. once again
C. as usual D. at last
23．A. suits D. protects
C. covers D. helps
24．A. excited B. interested
C. surprised D. tired
25．A. suggestions B. experiments
C. excuses D. answers
26．A. himself B. them
C. it D. yourself
27．A. seat B. look
C. exam D. rest
28．A. small B. ugly
C. dark D. tall
29．A. news B. messages
C. lies D. stories
30．A. teach B. leave
C. hate D. kill
31．A. praise B. stop
C. cheat D. order
32．A. agreed B. shook
C. appeared D. worked
33．A. strange B. different
C. right D. easy
34．A. plants B. servants
C. soldiers D. animals
35．A. hear B. feel
C. taste D. smell
答案与解析　
语篇解读　本文由百兽之王——老虎建造宫殿的故事说明：耳听为虚，眼见为实。
16．D　下文king有提示：老虎是丛林中的百兽之王。
17．C　由下文large tall and beautiful可知：他让这只猫去看看他的宫殿建造得怎么样。
18．A　几个小时后，小猫就返回来了。come back“回来”。
19．C　上文palace有提示：您的宫殿十分宏伟、漂亮。
20．D　听到小猫说他的宫殿宏伟、漂亮，老虎自然是非常高兴的。
21．D　根据下文It's been days可知，这是几天后老虎对小猪说的话。
22．B　距离上次小猫察看他的宫殿已经几天了，所以老虎派小猪再去看一下。once again“再一次”。
23．A　小猪觉得老虎的宫殿很漂亮，但是，它只适合老虎自己住。suit“适合”。
24．C　见下题。
25．D　同一座宫殿，两次察看的结论竟然不一样，所以老虎感到很吃惊。
26．A　从上下文可以推断出，这是老虎在自言自语，即对他自己说话。
27．B　于是他就让骆驼去再看一看。have a look“看一看”。
28．A　从客观事实推断：老虎的房子在骆驼看来是非常狭小的。
29．C　在老虎看来，他们三个中肯定有一个说了谎话。
30．D　下文kill有提示：你们三个竟然有三种描述，所以我要杀了你们。
31．B　这时，一只狐狸走出来阻止了老虎。
32．A　从下文老虎自己去看可知，老虎同意了狐狸的请求。
33．C　当老虎到那里亲眼看了以后，他才发现他的宫殿在猫看来又大又漂亮，在猪看来大小刚好，在骆驼看来相对就小了，所以他们三个的描述都是正确的。
34．D　见下题。
35．A　于是，他就对其他动物(animals)说：“耳听(hear)为虚眼见为实。”
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节；满分30分)
第一节　(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
I sat at my seat waiting for the school paper to be passed around. I waited anxiously, knowing that once I received it I would know how good a writer I really am.
When the paper arrived at my classroom, I nearly knocked down five of my classmates to get to the first paper. With the school paper in my hands, I returned to my seat. About a month earlier, I had handed in one of, what I believed to be, my best stories. I named it Symbol of Success. The head of the English Department at my school, Professor Cullen, had said that she would include some reviews (评论) of students' stories in the latest school paper. Professor Cullen was known for her rough criticism. Impressing her was very hard but I wanted to be the first to do so.
I sat at the edge of my seat as I read through the other story reviews. There wasn't one story that got more than three stars. I became calm and wasn't anxious to know my review. It was long after that I heard someone shout out “Five stars？！ Seriously！” from behind me. I turned around and saw the shocked expression of Gene's face, “Peter, your story got five stars！” I couldn't believe what I was hearing. I turned my attention back to my story and saw the five stars at the end of the review that I had not read yet. I looked through the review written by Professor Cullen. She wrote that I had a gift for story writing.
I was proud that I achieved what I thought was impossible. For so long I believed I wasn't as good as I thought I was and that my talent was not enough to cover up my lack of writing skills. But this review proved that I was truly a good writer and that there was a future ahead of me in the field of fiction writing. The review and the five stars meant the world to me. Those five stars became the symbol of my success.
语篇解读　本文为夹叙夹议文。作者写了一篇佳作，得到了卡伦教授的高度评价，这使作者看到了自己的写作天赋，对未来充满了信心。
36．How did the writer get the school paper?
A. His teacher gave it to him first.
B. The publisher sent it to him first.
C. His friend helped him get the first one.
D. He rushed ahead to get the first one by himself.
答案与解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“When the paper arrived at my classroom, I nearly knocked down five of my classmates to get to the first paper.”可知，当校报送到教室时，“我”冲上去差点撞倒五个同学，去取得第一份校报。
37．What can we learn about Professor Cullen?
A. She was very gentle to everyone.
B. She seldom praised her students.
C. She was very cold to her students.
D. She was hated by her students.
答案与解析　B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Professor Gullen was known for her rough criticism. Impressing her was very hard but I wanted to be the first to do so.”(卡伦教授因令人不快的评论著称，给她留下印象很难，但我想成为第一个做到这一点的人)可知，卡伦教授很少表扬她的学生。
38．What did Professor Cullen think of Peter's story?
A. She thought highly of it.
B. She thought it was just soso.
C. She thought it was extremely bad.
D. She doubted if it was written by him.
答案与解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“She wrote that I had a gift for story writing.”可知，卡伦教授高度评价了他的作品。
B
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Dam Release Whitewater Rafting Rates：
★ Individual (over the age of 12) : $61.00
★ Group ( at least 8 persons) : $31.00
Rates Include: all necessary rafting equipment, life jackets, free parking, bus service to/from the river and professional river guides.
Family Style Whitewater Rafting
Bring along the whole family this summer and enjoy 8 miles and 5 hours of Class I whitewater rafting. Mild water of the Lehigh River is simply perfect for beginners, school groups, and kids aged 4 and older. This is just perfect for enjoying the passing scenery, kicking your feet over the edge of the raft, or taking a swim in the river!
One of the most unique things about this trip is a free riverside barbeque (烧烤)! Our workers will cook and serve you a picnic lunch — hotdogs, potato salad, fruit, etc. The classic family picnic!
Family Style Whitewater Rafting Rates：
★ Adult: $39.00
★ Child (aged 4—14) : $33.00
★ Group (at least 8 persons) : $30.00
Rates Include: all necessary rafting equipment, life jackets, free parking, bus service to/from theriver, and a barbeque lunch, river guides not included.
语篇解读　本文是关于漂流运动的广告。
39．Which of the following persons is suitable for Dam Release Whitewater Rafting?
A. A 4yearold boy. B. A 6yearold girl.
C. An 8yearold girl. D. A 14yearold girl.
答案与解析　D　细节理解题。根据“This is a fun and thrilling trip that everyone over the age of 12 can make！”可知，12岁以上的人可以做此项漂流运动，故D项正确。
40．We can infer that ________.
A. the higher the class is, the milder the water is
B. the lower the class is, the milder the water is
C. the higher the class is, the safer the rafting is
D. the lower the class is, the faster the rafting is
答案与解析　B　推理判断题。根据“you will enjoy 12 miles and 5 hours of Class (等级) Ⅲ ...”可知， Dam Release Whitewater Rafting的等级为三，适合12岁以上的人，5个小时漂流12英里。根据“enjoy 8 miles and 5 hours of Class I whitewater rafting. Mild water of the Lehigh River is simply perfect for beginners, school groups, and kids aged 4 and older.”可知， Family Style Whitewater Rafting的等级为一，适合4岁及以上的人，5个小时漂流8英里。由此可推断：等级越低，水流越缓慢。故选B项。
41．If ten college students are to participate in the Dam Release Whitewater Rafting, how much money will be paid in total?
A. $310. B. $330.
C. $390. D. $610.
答案与解析　A　数字计算题。根据Group (at least 8 persons): $31.00可知，10个大学生可享受团体价，31美元/人，10人共310美元。
42．Family Style Whitewater Rafting is unique in that ________.
A. it allows people to swim in the river
B. the river water is very clean
C. it provides a barbeque lunch for free
D. it offers a free birdwatching activity
答案与解析　C　细节理解题。根据“One of the most unique things about this trip is a free riverside barbeque (烧烤)！”和“serve you a picnic lunch”可知，这项漂流活动提供免费的烧烤午餐。
C
To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains, but actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun!
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the 11th century BC.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was commonly used in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.
During the Middle Ages, the use of umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late 16th century. And again it was considered as a symbol of power. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later in England.
By the 18th century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe.
Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that women's umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colors.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伞最初产生时的用途以及后来的演变。
43．According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in ancient ________.
A. China B. Egypt
C. Greece D. Rome
答案与解析　A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the 11th century B．C.”可判断伞最初是在中国产生的。
44．Which of the following statements is NOT true about the umbrella?
A. No one exactly knows who the inventor of the umbrella was.
B. The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sun.
C. The umbrella changed much in style in the 18th century.
D. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.
答案与解析　C　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第一段中“Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time”可知伞在风格上没有什么变化。
45．A strange feature of the umbrella's use is that it was used as ________.
A. protection against rain
B. a shade against the sun
C. a symbol of honor and power
D. women's decoration (装饰)
答案与解析　C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor.”和最后一句“... only by those in high office.”可判断。
第二节　(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
__46__ If you use it often and in the right ways, you will become a more skilled thinker and your ability to focus will increase. But if you never use your brain, or abuse it with harmful chemicals, your ability to think and learn will decrease. Here are some simple ways that may help you.
__47__
Don't you feel drained (劳累) after a couple of hours of watching TV? Your eyes are sore and tired of being focused on the light box for so long. When you feel like relaxing, try reading a book instead. If you're too tired, listen to some music. When you're with your friends or family, leave the tube off and have a conversation. All of these things use your mind more than television and allow you to relax.
Exercise.
I used to think that I'd learn more by not exercising and using the time to read a book instead. __48__ It improves productivity (生产力) during the time afterwards. Using your body clears your head and creates a wave of energy. Afterwards, you can concentrate (专注) more easily.
Read challenging books.
If you want to improve your thinking and writing ability, you should read books that make you focus. Reading a classic novel can change your view of the world and will make you think in more elegant English. __49__ Reread it when necessary, and you'll soon grow accustomed (习惯) to the author's style.
Early to bed, early to rise.
__50__ You'll be the most energetic if you go to bed early and don't sleep for more than 8 hours. In my experience the early morning hours are the most productive. If you have the opportunity, take a 1020 minute nap (小憩) when you are hit with a wave of drowsiness (睡意)．
A. Take a time to reflect.
B. Reduce television watching.
C. Spending some time alone will be helpful.
D. Your brain needs exercise just like a muscle (肌肉)．
E. Don't be afraid to look up a word if you don't know it.
F. Nothing makes it harder to concentrate than sleep loss.
G. But I realized that time spent exercising always leads to greater learning.
答案　46.D　47.B　48.G　49.E　50.F
第三部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节　短文改错(每小题1分，满分10分)
英语课上，老师要求同桌同学相互修改作文。假设以下短文为你同桌所写，请你对其进行修改。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
3．必须按答题要求做题，否则不给分。
I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory for me now.
I remember my grandfather very much. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. In a fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.
答案　
I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to  me on her knees and sing old songs. I was only four when she  away. She is just a distant memory for me now.
I remember my grandfather very . He was tall, with broad  and a beard that turned from black  gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set  apart from others in our small town,  he was strong and powerful. In  fact, he even scared my classmates away  they came over to play or do homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have  known.
第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，自制了一些中国结(Chinese knot)。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括：
1．外观(尺寸、颜色、材料)
2．象征意义
3．价格
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已为你写好。
Dear Tom，
How are you doing? __________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
范文　
Dear_Tom，
How_are_you_doing? I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots for me. I made them myself with red silk threads, cloth and other materials. They look really beautiful in the shape of a diamond, about 5 inches long and 4 inches wide. In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses. They are only 12.99 US dollars each. If anyone wants to know more about the knots, let them write to me. Also, do let me know if you need further information. Thank you!
Yours，
Li_Hua
《从社区看我家》（说课稿）
尊敬的各位专家、同仁：
大家好。我今天说课的题目是《从社区看我家》，共分为六个部分：教材分析、学情分析、教法学法、教学流程、板书设计和设计感悟。
一、教材分析
（一）教材地位和作用
《从社区看我家》一课是人教版七上第一单元第一课“我的家在哪里”的第1课时。作为全书的第一部分，旨在引导学生从认识个人生活的社区环境着眼，从身边熟悉的事物出发，逐步认识我们生活的世界。教材主要通过平面图和地图的方式来说明家在社区中的位置，阅读和使用地图是学生认识社会，以及生活中不可或缺的基础知识和基本技能，也是学习历史与社会课程的必备工具之一。
根据课标要求，结合教材内容和学生实际，我拟定了如下教学目标：
（二）教学目标
1．知识与能力：知道地图的三要素,运用地图确定方向及测定距离。
2．过程与方法：学生在绘制教室平面图等课堂活动中，通过比较、概括等思维过程，形成地图三要素的基本概念，进而学会解决实际问题。
3．情感态度价值观：通过体验性学习，激发学生学习地理问题的热情，同时培养学生的合作精神、让学生享受成功的喜悦。
（三）教学重难点　
在教学目标和教材内容的指引下，结合学生知识储备，我拟定了如下教学重、难点：
重点：地图三要素的学习与运用。
难点：比例尺的学习与运用。
二、学情分析
初中学生好动、好奇、好表现；注意力易分散，爱发表见解，希望得到老师的表扬，所以一方面要创设学生感兴趣的情境，引发学生的兴趣，使他们的注意力始终集中在课堂上。另一方面要创造条件和机会，让学生发表见解，并且及时激励学生，发挥学生学习的主动性。
三、教法学法
我的教学总体构想是“教师搭台，学生唱戏” ，倡导学生主动学习，乐于探究。“教师搭台”是指我设置情景，通过问题的设计扮演好组织者和引路者的角色。 “学生唱戏”是指让学生分组讨论，合作探究读图，通过活动进行体验性学习，让学生真正成为课堂活动的主角。
四、说教学流程
（一）情境创设、导入新课
【课前准备】
即将召开家长会，布置学生预习本节内容，每人画一张学校平面图，帮助家长能准确找到自己的班级。
【设计意图】
通过预习让学生对地图的基本要素有初步的了解，同时也锻炼学生收集地理信息的能力。
上课时，请同学相互展示自己所画的平面图，并相互点评对方所绘平面图的完整性。
【设计意图】
由学生自己所画的平面图引入，会让学生对这部分知识感到亲切。同时通过点评让学生相互去发现对方所绘平面地图的完整性，这样既达到导入新课——地图的三要素的目的又激发学生学习本节课的兴趣。
（二）师生互动、突出重点
选两张学生画的有代表性的学校平面图
1、图例和注记
提问：同样所画是学校平面图，为什么教学楼A楼在两幅图中所画的不一样呢？
学生讨论，引出图例和注记。
图例——地图上用来表示各种地理事物的符号
注记——地图上用来说明符号的文字和数字（选择一幅地图解释哪些属于图例，哪些属于注记）
指导学生读图：观察“常用图例图”，并利用《世界政区图》和《世界地形图》去寻找这些图例，通过学和用，来加深印象。
【设计意图】
这部分知识较为简单，以学生为主体，通过观察法进行学习。以看图分析为主，同时培养学生读图、分析地图的能力。
2、方向
继续提问：同样所画是学校平面图，为什么操场和教学楼在两幅图中的相对位置不一样呢？
学生讨论，引出方向。（因为他们所站的观察角度不同即方向不同，所以两者的相对位置不一样）
一般定向法：学会肯定会说出“上北下南、左西右东”这一方向判定口诀，在学生回答的基础上给出没有任何方向指示的地图，叫学生说出指定的两地的相对方向。然后给出“地平面上八个方向图”。
指向标定向法：再给出一幅带有指向标的地图，指定两地叫学生判断相对方向，学生肯定会忽视指向标，从而回答错误，这时在地图上圈出“指向标”提醒学生，并告知口诀：指向标永远指向北方，然后从新判断两地相对位置。（南京站在中山陵什么方向）
经纬网定向法：给出一幅带有经纬网的地图，指定两地叫学生判断相对方向，因为之前没有学习过有关经纬线知识，所以，经纬网学生也是初次了解，因为在从地球仪上看世界要重点讲解经纬线，所以，本课仅让学生了解“经线指示南北方向，纬线指示东西方向”即可。
一般定向法：上北下南、左西右东
总结：方向的分类 指向标定向法：箭头总是指向北
经纬网定向法：经线指示南北方向、纬线指示东西方向
【设计意图】
这一部分教学主要是通过典型实例分析，让学生在学中练，在练中学，完成三幅地图中方向的判断，掌握
知识点，培养学生的识图、用图的能力。
师说明：因为比例尺的学习既是重点也是难点，所以将比例尺内容放在难点处讲解。
（三）合作探究、突破难点
3、比例尺
再次提问：同样是学校平面图，为什么操场在两幅图中大小不一样呢？
学生讨论，引出比例尺。
比例尺：比例尺表示图上距离比实地距离缩小的程度，地图上的比例尺也简称为“缩尺”。 图上距离
比例尺=
实地距离
合作探究活动：小组合作，量出教室的长和宽，按比例缩小画在纸上，画出教室的平面图，并标出比例尺大小。（分小组测量，共享数据，可以节省时间）
通过活动发现问题。
问题一：比例尺应该用何种形式表示？
学生在作图的过程中，教师通过观察发现，在表示比例尺时，学生有的用线段表示，有的用文字表示，还有的用数字表示。
小结：比例尺的三种表现形式，老师强调比例尺使用时要注意的事项，如数字式比例尺表示的是图上距离与实际距离的倍数关系，使用时两者单位要一致；线段和文字式比例尺须注明数值和单位。
问题二：比例尺大小对比
【课堂练习】：三种比例尺表示方法间的换算和比较。
（对学生进行学法指导：首先一律写成分数形式，其次换算成统一单位，最后比较分母，分母数字大比例尺则小，分母数字小比例尺则大。）
【拓展】：给出浙江省地图和中国地图，注明两幅图图幅大小相同，设计三个问题：
哪一幅地图表示的区域范围大？
杭州在两幅地图中的详细程度是否相同？
为什么会出现这种情况？
指导学生观察地图，解决三个问题，可以得出结论：
在图幅相同的情况下进行比较
比例尺
大
小
表示的范围
小
大
内容详略
详细
简略
【设计意图】
比例尺这部分内容是本节课的一个重难点，虽然学生知道比例尺，但是，对于比例尺中各项具体表示的内容很容易混淆。让学生自己动手测量、绘图，可以加深对比例尺定义的理解及发现因比例尺大小引起实地范围大小及内容详略程度不同。故而，采用活动教学。 从活动中发现问题，再讨论分析问题，最后由学生解决问题，体现学生的主体地位。
（四）拓展延伸、留有余味
作业设计：根据所学地图三要素知识，将自己所画的学校平面图修改完善，然后从班级中选出最好的一幅（图例和注记清楚，比例尺选用得当，方向清楚标明），复印发给每位同学家长，并注明姓名。
五、板书设计
图例和注记：常用图例
地 一般定向法：上北下南、左西右东
图 方向： 指向标定向法：指向标永远指向北方
“ 经纬网定向法：经线指示南北方向、纬线指示东西方向
语
言 公式 数字式
” 三种表示方法 线段式
文字式
比例尺： 比例尺大小对比
比例尺大小、地图实地范围大小、内容详略程度之间关系


六、设计感悟
本课设计与别人不一样，主要体现在以下几方面：
注重学生能力的提升：通过层层问题的设计，对学生进行思维引导，提升学生思考能力；指导学生
读图，培养读图能力等。
2、注重学生情感的升华：通过绘画学校平面图，感受体验性学习，激发学生学习地理知识的热情，通过选择最好的地图在家长会上使用并注明姓名，调动学生积极性，为荣誉而努力。
3、注重学生合作意识的培养：通过小组合作探究活动，增加学生合作意识，共同完成任务。
以上就是我对《从社区看我家》的说课设计，在讲述过程中如有不妥之处，敬请各位专家、同仁批评指正，谢谢大家。