高中英语语法专题：定语从句讲解和练习学案（答案不全）

高一定语从句
Attributive Clause (定 语 从 句)
一、基本概念：
1) I know the man. The man spoke at the meeting just now.
I know the man who spoke at the meeting just now.
2)That is the house. He lived in the house ten years ago.
That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
* 在复合句中，修饰_____名词或代词______________的从句叫定语从句。
* 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用_关系代词___或_____关系副词________来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
* 引导定语从句的关系代词有：
先行词指人 who; whom; that; whose
先行词指物 which; that; whose
关系副词有：when; where; why
二、关系词的用法：
(一)关系代词的用法：
1. 作主语用who, that, which, 如：
1)He is the man _____who/ that______ lives next door.
2)The train ______that/which______ has just left is for Shenzhen.
3)This is the shop _____which /that______ sells children’s clothing.
4)Is he the man ___who/that____ wants to see you
2. 作宾语用who; whom; that; which，也可以省略，如：
1)The man ______(who/that/whom)______ we have just seen is a famous writer.
2)Where is the book _____(that/which)_______ I bought last week
3)The man __who/whom/that____ you talked to just now is an engineer.
3. 作定语用_______whose_____, 如：
1)A child ___whose_____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
2)I found some trees___whose____ leaves were black with disease．
3)Here is the girl _____whose_____ school bag has been stolen.
注: whose 的先行词常用来指人，有时也用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“the+名词+of which”，如：
1)They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= ___the back wall of which_ )
2)He’s written a book whose name I’ve completely forgotten. (=__the name of which )
作表语只用that，也可以省略。如：
1)He is no longer the simple-minded man ___(that)___ he was years ago.
2)This is no longer the dirty place _____(that)____ it used to be.
(二)关系副词的用法：
1) when 指___时间_，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：___time, day, year...__ 等。
2) where指__地点_，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：____place, city, school, factory.....等。
3) why指__原因__，它的先行词只有reason。
填空when / where / why:
1)I still remember the time ____when______ I first became a college student.
2)This is the hotel ______where______ they are staying.
3) I’ll never forget the day _____when_______ we worked together in London.
4)That is the reason _____why______ he is leaving so soon.
5) Kunming is a beautiful city ______where____ flowers are seen all the year round.
6)Is this the reason _____why__ he refused our offer
(三) 关系代词和关系副词的区分：
用关系代词还是关系副词，关键要准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、表、状)。请比较:
1)I’ll never forget the day ____when_______ my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days ____(which/that)_______ we spent together last summer.
2)His father works in a factory _____where____ computers are made.
His father works in a factory _______which/that_______ makes computers.
[例]填写关系代词和关系副词:
1)I returned to the town ___where_______ I grew up.
I returned to the town _____(which/that)_____ I visited last year.
2)I don’t remember the year ____when_____ that earthquake broke out.
I don’t remember the year _____(which/that)_____ I spent in the countryside.
3)The library ____which/that_______ has been built is rich in new books.
The library _____where______ I always read books is rich in new books.
4)We’ll visit the factory ___where____ your father works.
We’ll visit the factory __where____ there is much new equipment.
We’ll visit the factory ___which/that___lies in the north of Huanghua.
三个关系副词在意义上都相当于 ___ 介词+关系代词which________________ 结构：
when= on, in, at, during.....+which
where=in, on, at, over, above, behind....+which
why= for which
1)I was in Beijing on the day when (= ___on___which) he arrived.
2)The office where (= __in/at______ which) he works is on the third floor.
3)This is the reason why (= __for_______ which) we did it.
Exercise
I. 填写关系代词或关系副词:
1. Hangzhou is the place _____where_______ I went last summer.
He read the book ____(which/that)______ his sister had told him about.
I prefer the house ____whose_______ window faces the lake.
4. I forgot the house ______where______ the Smiths lived.
5. I enjoyed the time _______when_____ I was studying at the college.
6. We should learn from those ___who___are always ready to help others.
I don’t know the reason ______why___ many children like Xiao Yanzi so much.
8. The type of music _____which/that_______interests me most is the classic music.
9. The teacher _____whose_______ class I hate most is Mr Smith.
10. The club _____where________ I had dinner was just outside the post office.
II. 用关系代词将两个简单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句：
e. g I like the painting. He bought it.
I like the painting that he bought.
1. I heard about the job from a friend.
The friend works in the same company.
__________________________________________________________________.
2. Most of the students will remember that day.
On that day they said good-bye to each other at the railway station.
__________________________________________________________________.
3. At 6 in the morning I went to the park.
I found many people doing morning exercises in the park.
__________________________________________________________________.
This is the chair.
My parents gave it to me.
_________________________________________________________________.
5. Most of the students liked and respected their English teacher.
Their English teacher's lectures were very interesting.
__________________________________________________________________.
6. The children broke my window.
They live in the next street.
__________________________________________________________________.
7. The man was badly injured.
He was driving the car.
__________________________________________________________.
(四)．关系代词的选择
关系代词作介词宾语，当介词前置时，只能用whom 或which；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去。
Do you know the boy ____(who/whom)______ she was talking to
Do you know the boy to _____whom_____ she was talking
The pencil ________(which/that)_________ he was writing with suddenly broke.
The pencil with ___which________ he was writing suddenly broke.
I was waiting for my classmate ___________ I wanted to borrow a novel.
A. from whom B. from who C. to who D. to whom
He showed me the dictionary ________she paid a lot of money.
A.by which B.to which C.for which D.on which
[例]填写介词 + 关系代词:
1) This is the man ____for_____ ___whom______ I once worked in the factory.
2) The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _____through______ _____which____ he could see what was happening inside the house.
3) The manager __with_____ ____whom____ a group of Young Pioneers are sitting is famous across China.
4) The big tree ______under_____ _____which___ the old are playing chess is about 30 years old.
5)The novel ____in___ __which___ you are interested was written by Mark Twain.
6) I know Mr. Pattis, ____in/at____ ___whose___ shop my brother once worked.
7)My glasses, ____without___ ____which___ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
2. 在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which。
当先行词是all, little, few, much, no, ___any, something, anything, everything, nothing__等词时。
All the apples ___that___ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.
---Did you ask the guard what happened
---Yes, he told me all __(that_)___ he knew.
2) 当先行词是___序数词___词或_______形容词最高级修饰________ 时。
Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city (that_) he had visited in China.
This is the fastest train __that___ is going to Nanjing.
3) 当先行词被 _________the only, the very, the last________ 等所修饰时。如：
Is oxygen the only gas _______helps fire burn
The last river ______they crossed is two miles wide.
4) 当先行词中既有__人_ 又有___物_____时。
They talked for about an hour of the things and persons __________ they remembered.
5) 当主句是以 ____who; which______ 开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，要用that。
Who is the person __________ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower
Which is the car ________ killed the boy
以the way为先行词的定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，也可以省略引导词。
I don’t like the way ___(in which/that/)___ you laugh at her.
4. 当先行词前有__such___时，关系词应当用as。
Don’t do such things_____as_____ you are not sure about.
5. 当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。
6. 当先行词是anyone, those, he, she等代词表“人”时，用who不用that.
7. 定语从句修饰one of......时，先行词为one of后的名词复数；
定语从句修饰the only one of......时，先行词为one，是单数。
Exercise
I. 在下列定语从句中，用适当的介词填空:
1. She has three children, all _____of______ whom are at school.
2. He built a telescope _____through/with/by______ which he could study the sky.
3. The woman, ____from________ whom I learned the news, is a nurse.
4. The wolf _____by_______ which the sheep was killed was shot.
5. There is a tall tree outside, ______under_____ which stands our teacher.
6. In the dark street, there wasn’t a person _____to_______ whom she could turn for help.
7. I was surprised at the way ____in_______ which he treated the old man.
8. The age _____at_____ which children can go to school is seven.
9. His bike ____by______ which he went to work was stolen last night.
10. Ours is a beautiful school, _____of______ which we are proud.
11. The desk _____against_____ which Jack is leaning is John’s.
12. He bought a book yesterday, the author ______of_____ which is a teacher.
13. To tell you the truth, the man ___for_____ ___whom____ you are waiting won't come tomorrow.
14. Do you remember the building ____on____ ___which_____ flew a red flag all the year round
II. 单项选择：
1. I've read all the books 　　　　　　you gave me.
　 A.which　　　 B.them　　　 C.what　　　 D.that
2. There isn't much 　　　　　I can do.
　 A.what　　　 B.which　　　 C.that　　　 D.how
3. He keeps a record of everything 　　　　　he had seen there.
　 A.he　　　 B.that　　　 C.which　　　 D.what
4. Tell us about the people and the places 　　　　　　　are different from ours.
　 A.that　　　 B.who　　　 C.which　　　 D.whom
5. Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city 　　　　　he had visited in China.
　 A.that　　　 B.where　　　 C.which　　　 D.what
6. The TV play I watched last night is the best one 　　　　　I have watched this year.
　 A.which　　　 B.what　　　 C.whose　　　 D. that
7. This is the baby 　　 　　　tomorrow.
　 A. after whom I shall look B. whom I shall look after
　 C. whose I shall look after 　D. after whom I shall look after
8. Is this the museum　　　 you visited the other day
　 A.that　　　 B.where　　　 C.in which　　　 D. the one
9. I began to work in Beijing in the year 　　　　New China was founded.
　 A.when　　　 B.that　　　 C.which　　　 D. where
10. This is the very film 　　　　I've long wished to see.
　 A.which　　　 B.that　　　 C.who　　　 D. whom
11. There is no difficulty 　　　　can't be overcome in the world.
　 A.that　　　 B.which　　 C.who　　　 D. what
12. Who is the person 　　　　　is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower
　 A.who　　　 B.that　　　 C.which　　　 D. whom
13. This was the supermarket 　　　　I bought this kind of tin.
　 A.where　　　 B.that　　　 C.who　　　 D. which
14. The house 　　　　 the capitalist(资本家) used to live in is now a nursery.
　 A.that　　　 B.where　　 C.what　　　 D. when
15. I'm one of the students 　　　　well in English in my class.
　 A.who does　　 B.who do　　 C.which does　　 D.who did
16. He is the only one of the three 　　　　got the new idea.
　 A.who have　 　 B.whom have C.who has　 　 D.whose had
17. We all remember the days 　　　　we studied together at school.
　 A.which　　　 B.that　　　 C.when　　　 D.／
18. Do you know the reason 　　　　he didn't come
　 A.that　　　 B.which　　　 C.for　　　 D.why
19. I now know why Chairman Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way　　　 he does.
A.which　　　 B.what　　　 C.／　　　 D.now
20. Gone are the days ______ the working people suffered from cold and hunger.
A. on that B. at which C. when D. with which
21. She was no longer the woman 　　　　she was.
　 A.that　　　 B.which　　　 C.what　　　 D.who
22. That's the hotel 　　　　last year.
　 A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed　 C.where we stayed at　 D.where we stayed
23. The doctor did all 　　　　to save the wounded boy.
　 A.what he could B. he could 　
C.everything which he could D. for which he could do
24. Anyone 　　　　this opinion may speak out.
　 A. that againsts　　B. that against　 C. who is against　 D. who are against
25. The place 　　　　you are standing used to be an old church.
　 A.which　　　 B. where　　　 C. that　　　 D.when
I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
27. It is not such an interesting magazine 　　　　I thought.
　 A.as　　　 B. that　　　 C. which　　　 D.／
28. I showed the doctor the place 　　　　I felt the pain.
　 A.that　　　 B.which　　　 C.where　　　 D.when
29. Do you know the actor 　　　　　you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear
　 A.who　　　　 B.whom　　　　 C.whose　　　　 D.which
The river ______________ are covered with trees is very long.
A. whose bank B. of which banks C. whose the banks D. the banks of which
1-5 DCBAA 6-10 DBAAB 11-15 ABAAB
16-20 CCDCC 21-25 ADBCB 26-30 AACBD
Attributive Clause (定 语 从 句) II
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如：
1)This is the telegram __________ he refers to.
2)Is there anything _________ I can do for you
3)We should learn from those _______ are always ready to help others.
非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整, 在文字中通常用______与主句隔开。如：1)This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.
2)As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：___________________________________________,不可以用_____________和____________。另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，如：
1) I told the story to John, who later told it to his brother.
= I told the story to John, ___________ later told it to his brother.
2) Last year we visited the Summer Palace, which is one of the most beautiful places in Beijing.
=Last year we visited the Summer Palace, ______ is one of the most beautiful places in Beijing.
3) The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.
=The old man has two sons, ____________are lawyers.
有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是________________或是____________________，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如：
He passed the exam, _____________ he hoped he would.
注：(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
__________ is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.
They are hollow, __________ makes them very light.
(2)从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东
西，因此常译成“ _____________________”。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词只能用who/whom 指人，which指物；它们都不能用
__________代替。
[例] 选择题:
1) _______ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As　　　　 B. It　　　　　　　 C. That　　　　　　 D. Which
2) Carol said the work would be done by October, ＿＿＿ personally I doubt very much.
　　 A. it 　　　　 B. that　　　　 　　 C. when　　　　　　 D. which　　　
选择题: 非限制性定语从句
Last night we went to Ann’s party, ____________ we enjoyed very much.
A. when B. that C. which D. where
He came from Herne Bay, _______ Lily had once spent a holiday.
A. where B. when C. which D. there
He paid the boy ten dollars for washing ten windows, most of _____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
He has made another wonderful discovery, _________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. of which I think it is D. I think which is
Colin married my sister and I married his brother, _______ makes Colin and me double-in-laws.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
You’ll have to wait for one more week, _________ the manager will be back from his trip.
A. as B. until C. when D. before
He lent her dictionary, _________ cover is red and white.
A. which B. whose C. of which D. its
She has 3 sons, ____________ is a scientist.
A. both of which B. both of whom C. one of whom D. both of whom
The children climbed up the hill, ___________ they picnicked.
A. on its top B. on the top of it C. on whose top D. on the top of that
Jim, a good friend of mine, sent me a beautiful card, _________ was written “Merry Christmas”.
A. where B. on which C. which D. it
On the third floor there are two rooms, ____________ is used as a meeting room.
A. one of them B. the larger of which C. the larger one of that D. the largest of which
He isn’t interested in those texts, ___________ are too difficult for him.
A. much of which B. most of that C. most of them D. most of which
13. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
14. Some of the roads were flooded, _____ made our journey more difficult.
A. which B. it C. what D. that
15. He must be from Africa, _______ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as C. who D. what
16. I have bought two ball pens, ___________ writes well.
A. neither of them 　 B. none of them C. neither of which　　 D. none of which
17. The buses, ________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most
18. I often thought of my childhood, ___________ I lived on a farm.
A. who 　　 B. when C. where　　 D. which
19. Mr. Wu, ___________ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.
A. whom B. that C. which D. /
20. This is Mr. Smith, _____ I think has something interesting to tell us.
A. who B. whom C. that D. /
21. ______________, the compass was first made in China.
A. It is know to all B. It is known that C. We all know D. As is known to all
22. I, _____ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is
23. He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom
24. John got beaten in the game, _________ had been expected.　　
A. who 　　　　 B. what C. that　　　　　 D. as
25. He lived in London for 3 months, during __________ he picked up some English.
A. this B. which C. that D. when
26. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _________ he had been
dreaming of for years.
A. that/which B. where/that C. in which/what D. where/which
27. I gave him a warning, _____ he turned a deaf ear.
A. of which B. for which C. to that D. to which
28. You may call on me from one to five o’clock, during _____ I am always at home.
A. the time B. what time C. that time D. which time
PAGE
9
定语从句