高考英语二轮复习之语法专题：形容词及形容词词组学案（有答案）
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮复习之语法专题：形容词及形容词词组学案（有答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-12-09 11:37:27 | ||
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形容词及形容词词组
教学目的：了解形容词的分类；掌握形容词的用法及功能
教学重点：形容词的用法
教学难点：形容词的位置
学时数：
一、形容词分类
形容词是一种开放词类，在句中主要作修饰成分。形容词主要分为单词形容词，等级形容词和非等级形容词。
1．依词的构成划分：单词形容词（One-word Adjective）和复合形容词（Compound Adjective）
由一个自由词素构成，如：boy, kind
1）单词形容词
自由词素+前（后）缀构成，如：boyish, unkind
adj.+adj. red-hot 炽热的；dark-green深绿色的
adj./adv.+-ing easy-going随和的；good-looking好看的
adj./adv.+-ed new-born新生的；ready-cooked烧好的
2）复合形容词 n.+adj. sea-sick晕船的；ice-cold冰冷的
n.+-ing man-eating吃人的；epoch-making划时代的
n.+-ed heart-broken伤心的；ice-covered结冰的
adj.+n.+-ed gray-haired白发的；one-eyed独眼的
2. 依句法功能划分：中心形容词（Central Adjective）和外围形容词（Peripheral Adjective）
1）中心形容词：既能作名词修饰语又能作主补和宾补的形容词
e.g. Green apples are sour (作名词修饰语)
Pillar-boxes are green. (作主语补语)
They have painted the windows green. (作宾语补足语)
2）外围形容词：只能作修饰语或者只能作补语的形容词。如，utter只能作修饰语不能作补语：
This is utter nonsense. (√)
The nonsense is utter. (×)
又如asleep只能作补语不能作修饰语：
This child is asleep. (√)
This is an asleep child. (×)
3. 依词汇意义划分：动态形容词（Dynamic Adjective）和静态形容词（Stative Adjective）
1) 静态形容词：描写人或物的静态特征，如，tall, short, small, big, beautiful, ugly等，大多数形容词都是静态形容词。
2）动态形容词：含有动作含义，如，clever, cheerful, dull, gentle, generous, helpful, patient, witty, etc.
3) 动态形容词和静态形容词的特征对比：
a) 动态形容词可与动be的进行体搭配作补语，而静态形容词则不可以。
e.g. She is being witty. (√) She is being tall. (×)
b) 动态形容词可用于由动词be开始的祈使句，而静态形容词则不可以。
e.g. Be patient! (√) Be pretty. (×)
c) 动态形容词可用于使役结构（Caustative Construction），而静态形容词则不可以。
e.g. I persuaded her to be generous. (√) I persuaded her to be pretty. (×)
二、形容词的功能
1. 作定语
形容词作定语一般修饰名词，形容词通常前置，但有时也可后置，如：
It was a rainy day.
Someone else has done it.
1) 前置定语
当名词中心词前出现几个属于不同层次的形容词作修饰语时，常常涉及词序问题，排列顺序大致如下：
（1）可以置于冠词前的形容词：all, both, such等；
（2）冠词、指示代词、所有格形容词、不定形容词：a, an, the, this, those, your, his, our, any, some等；
（3）序数词：first, second, third等；
（4）基数词：one, two, three等；表示
（5）性质、状态、质量的形容词：nice, good, sweet, useful等；
（6）表示大小、长短、形状的形容词：big, small, square, round 等；
（7）表示年龄、新旧、温度的形容词：young, new, old, cold, hot等；
（8）表示颜色的形容词:blue, white, brown等；
（9）表示国籍、产地、区域的形容词：Chinese, American等；
（10）表示材料、用作形容词的名词：iron, oil, stone, silk等；
（11）分词：floating, handmade等
（口诀：all等代冠数前置，描大形新颜国材）
e.g. a large antique brown and white German beer-mug
译：一只德国古代棕白两色的大啤酒杯
a weak small spare old man 一个瘦弱的小老头
a well-known German medical school 一所著名的德国医学院
an interesting little red French oil painting一幅有趣的小型法国油画
his first two interesting little red French oil paintings
他的前两幅有趣的小型法国油画
Ex. Radio, television and press_______ of conveying news as information.
A) are the most three common means
B) are the most three common means
C) are the three most common means
D) are three the most common means
2）后置定语
形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：
a) 形容词短语作定语时要后置。如：
I think he is a man suitable for the job. 我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。
We need a place twice larger than this one. 我们需要一个比这里大一倍的地方。
b) 表语形容词作定语要后置。如：
He spoke like a man afraid. 他说话时像是很害怕似的。
He must be the best violinist alive. 他一定是当代最好的小提琴手了。
c) 受修饰复合不定代词时后置。如：
Tell me something interesting. 给我说些有意思的事。
Anyone intelligent can do it. 任何有头脑的人都能做这件事。
2. 作补语
形容词作主语补足语和宾语补足语时，可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果（如knock sb. Senseless）, 并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词如believe, prove, consider 等后。例如：
The news made her very sad. （宾语补足语）
He died young. （主语补足语）
The bottle was found empty. （主语补足语）
The facts proved his accusation groundless.（宾语补足语）
3. 作状语
形容词（短语）可作状语，其位置可以是举手、句中和句末；形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”结构或when、if、because等从句的省略，表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让步、强调、条件等，或对主语进行解释，说明主语是什么一种情况；或进行强调。例如：
Ripe, the oranges will sell at a good price.（时间）
Alice tiptoed to the bed, careful not to wake the baby.（方式）
Eager to see the sunrise, they got up at four.（原因）
Breathless, she rushed in through the back door.（伴随情况）
Large or small, all countries are equal.（让步）
John is big and busy.（强调，=very busy）
4. 作表语
形容词一般用在系动词be后作表语，如：
The bird’s song is very sweet.
在下列三类系动词或感官动词后，要用形容词作表语，不可用副词。
表示“是、在”的动词要求用形容词作表语
remain, keep持续在，continue继续在，stay保持，stand，lie位于等。
He remained silent at the meeting.
表示“变成，成为”的动词要求用形容词作表语
grow, turn, get变成，run很快变成，come果然变成，等。
Her dream has come true.（不可用truly）
感觉、感官动词要求用形容词作表语
see, appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel等。
It sounds nicely. (×)
It sounds nice. (√)
He looked angrily at him. (×)
He looked angry. (√)
5. 作主语
1）形容词可以用作主语，往往成对使用，具有名词化的特点。
Old and young joined in the discussion.
Rich or poor meant the same to him.
Careful and careless are as different as fire and water.
2）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry
The poor are losing hope.
3）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
Note：形容词还可用作宾语
They can’t tell right from wrong.
Children should be taught to know good from wrong.
6. 作感叹语
有些形容词可用作感叹语，表示某种情绪。例如：
Very good! Say it again.
Shocking! I’ve never heard of such a thing.
Wonderful! Sing us another song.
Stupid! He mist be crazy.
三、-ed形容词与-ing 形容词的用法区别
1. 以后缀-ed结尾的形容词
如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：
He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。
第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；第二句中的 excited voice 指的是“激动的声音”，即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。
Note：原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等与显示某人的情感状况的名词。
2. 以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：
The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。
四、形容词的级
1. 形容词级的构成
1）-er和-est型
单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词在词尾加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级。
bright—brighter—brightest thin—thinner—thinnest（双写n）
simple—simpler—simplest（直接加r或st）
pretty—prettier—prettiest（先变y为i） grey—greyer—greyest
2）more和most型
多音节形容词在原级前面加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如：
digestible—more digestible—most digestible
important—more important—most important
3）变化不规则的比较级和最高级
原级 比较级 最高级little less（比较少的） least lesser（次要的） older oldestold elder eldest farther farthestfar further furthestbad worse worstill worse worstgood better bestwell better bestlate later（较迟） latest（最新的） latter（后者的） last（最后的）near nearer nearest（最近的） next（下一个）many(much) more most
2．形容词级的用法
1）形容词比较级的用法
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。
Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。
It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。
This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
This meeting is less important than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。
The sun is much bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。
2）形容词最高级的用法
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
She is the best student in her class.
她是班上最好的学生。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
3）形容词级的特殊用法
a. most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示 “极，很，非常, 十分”。
It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。
I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。
b. “The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...”表示 “越... 就越...”。
The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。
The more, the better. 越多越好。
c. “形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”， 表示“越来越... ”。
It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了.
It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。
d. 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。
This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。
I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。
3．没有比较级和最高级的形容词
有些形容词（副词）一般不用来比较，本身已具有无法比较的含义，有下面几种情况。
表示“完全、特别”等意义的形容词（副词）
omnipresent无所不在的，final，fatal致命的，hopeless，fatherless无父的，perfect(ly)，totally(ly)，itter(ly)完全的（地），full，empty
表示“极限，主次”等的形容词（副词）
chief(ly)，extreme(ly)，infinite，main，major，interior，basic，fundamental，first，most
3）表示“几何形状”等的形容词（副词）
angular角形的，level水平的，oval椭圆形的，vertical垂直的，triangular三角形的，straight
4）表示“处所、方位、时间”的形容词（副词）
ahead，daily，weekly，here，now，then，outside，future，once，there
5）表示“状态”的形容词
agape目瞪口呆的，float，aghast吓呆的，alight烧着的，ashore，asleep，averse，awake，deaf，dumb
6）表示“性质、材料、国籍”等的形容词
American，atomic，economic，earthen泥土做的，fascist，golden，sonic声音的，wooden，silken丝的，silvern银质的，void，illegal，mortal
7) 表示“独一无二”的形容词
invincible，mere，only，single，sheer，sole
8）表示“强调”的形容词
barely，favourite，hardly，own，scarcely，very
9）junior等词
下面几个形容词没有比较级和最高级，用同to连用，而不同than连用：
junior，senior，inferior，superior，prior，posterior，anterior
五、专项练习
（一）单项选择
1. The air in Beijing is getting much ______ now than a few years ago.
A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
2. My moon cake is nicer ________ his.
A. like B. with C. for D. than
3. This physics problem is ______ and I can do it _______.
A. easy; easily B. easily; easily
C. easy; easy D. easily; easy
4. –Tom is six and he is _______ his sister Jane. How old is Jane
--Three.
A. twice as old as B. two years older than
C. three years younger than D. as old as
5. My cousin is very busy with his work. He has _______ time to read newspapers.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
6. –Can you guess who will be the first to cross the finish line
--Sandy. Jane didn’t run as fast ______ she did last time.
A. than B. so C. that D. as
7. This pen is _____ than that one.
A. more cheaper B. cheap C. much cheaper D. much cheap
8. –Jane, it’s time to go to school. Get up and have breakfast.
--But I am not feeling _______. I don’t feel like eating anything.
A. bad B. good C. well D. badly
9. So _______ homework really makes the students feel tired.
A. much B. many C. little D. few
10. Who has _______ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy
A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most
11. Bill Jumped _____ than any other player in the sports meeting.
A. tall B. taller C. high D. higher
12. Don’t worry. He is ______ to take care of little Betty.
A. carefully enough B. enough carefully
C. careful enough D. enough carefully
13. Look! It’s raining _______. What a ______ rain!
A. heavy; heavily B. heavily; heavy C. loudly; big D. hard; light
14. Write _____ and try not to make any mistakes.
A. as careful as possible B. as carefully ad you can
C. most careful D. more careful
15. 100,000 pounds is a large amount of money, but it’s _______ than we need.
A. a little more B. very little C. more less D. far less
16. Basketball is a kind of ______ sport. You can’t win the match by yourself.
A. popular B. exciting C. enjoyable D. team
17. It’s cold. We must keep all the windows _______.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
18. I think maths is the second _______ subject of all.
A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important
19. Professor Mott lived in a _____ hotel when he was in Beijing.
A. five-stars B. five-tar C. five stars D. five stars’
20. –Will your mother ______ you if you _____ the English exam
--Of course not, because I am trying my best.
A. be angry with; don’t pass B. be angry with; won’t pass
C. be angry to; don’t pass D. be angry to; won’t pass
21. The little girl was afraid of staying ______ in the ______ house.
A. alone; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. lone; alone
22. He would like to help hi _____ friend speak _______.
A. America; Chinese B. American; Chinese
C. American; Chin D. America; China
23. –How is the weather today
-- ________.
A. Weather fine B. It’s windy C. They are nice D. Good
24. This book is very _______ and I am ______ in it.
A. interesting; interest B. interesting; interested
C. interested; interesting D. interested; interested
25. It’s nothing serious. You’ve just caught ______ a cold.
A. a bit B. a bit of C. a little D. a little of
Answers：BDAAA DCCAD DCBBD DDCBA BBBBB
（二）辨认错误
1. Of these alternatives I prefer the formal but she prefers the latter.
A B C D
2. The economics difficulties of the country are not to be made light of.
A B C D
3. The situation there looked so seriously that it seemed as if the Third World War
A B
might break out at any time
C D
4. Thomes Jefferson was very ambition and served his country in several different
A B C D
capacities.
5. The salad tasted so well that my brother returned to the salad bar for another
A B C D
helping.
6. Even though she looks very young, she is twice older than my twenty-year-old
A B C D
sister.
7. Feeling impatiently for someone to return and give him an answer, the student
A B
paced up and down the hall.
C D
8. He looked differently after his return from America.
A B C D
Answers: 1. C (former), 2. A (economic), 3. B (serious), 4. A (ambitious),
5. A (so good), 6. C (twice as old as), 7. A (important), 8. B (different)
六、自测练习
1. Physics is ____to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.
A) alike B) equivalent C) likely D) uniform
2. The president made a ____speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.
A) vigorous B) tedious C) flat D) harsh
3. It is reported that ____adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.
A) the most B) most of C) most D) the most of
4. Convenient foods which are already prepared for cooking are ____ in grocery stores.
A) ready B) approaching C) probable D) available
5. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total ____ for living expenses.
A) acceptable B) available C) advisable D) applicable
6. Since the matter was extremely ____, we dealt with it immediately.
A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant
7. The shy girl felt ____ and uncomfortable when he couldn't answer the teacher's questions.
A) amazed B) awkward C) curious D) amused
8. The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was putsintos____care.
A) tense B) rigid C) intensive D) tight
9. Our new house is very ____for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.
A) adaptable B) convenient C) available D) comfortable
10. The words of his old teacher left a ____ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by him.
A) long B) lively C) lasting D) liberal
11. It is our ____policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.
A) consistent B) continuous C) considered D) continual
12. He is ____about his chance of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.
A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obvious
13. She cooked the meal for a long time so as to make it ____enough to eat.
A) mild B) slight C) light D) tender
14. Young people are not ____to stand and look at works of arts; they want art they can participate in.
A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous
15. It is said that the math teacher seems ____towards bright students.
A) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable
16. In-groups to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took ____trouble over the figures.
A) extensive B) spare C) extra D) supreme
17. All the key words in the article are printed in ____ type so as to attract readers' attention.
A) dark B) bold C) dense D) black
18. He was the ____ at the moment.
A) only alive person B) alive only person
C) only person alive D) person only alive
19. Mike is watching ____.
A) a detective, old, exciting film B) an old detective, exciting film
C) an exciting, old, detective film D) an old, exciting, detective film
20. The leader of the town is a ____ old man.
A) respective B) respectable C) respecting D) respectful
21. It is a beautiful car, but it is not ____ the price that I paid for it.
A) cost B) worthy C) worth D) value
22. This is ____ to answer.
A) rather a difficult question B) rather difficult a question
C) rather difficult question D) a question rather difficult
23. Of the two gifts, the child chose ____.
A) the less expensive B) the one most expensive
C) the least expensive D) the most expensive
24. The police finally arrested the ____ criminal.
A) famous B) reputed C) notorious D) renowned
25. This young man is hard working and ____. I strongly recommend him.
A) conscientious B) conscience C) conscious D) consciousness
26. This TV is ____ all the other TV in the department store.
A) superior to B) advantageous than C) super to D) beneficial to
27. My command of English is ____ as yours.
A) half not so good B) not half so good
C) not so good half D) not so half good
28. Last year, John earned ____ his brother, who is less capable.
A) three times as much as B) twice as many as
C) twice worse D) three times as more as
29. His salary as a bus driver is much higher ____.
A) in comparison with the salary of a teacher B) than a teacher
C) than that of a teacher D) to compare as a teacher
30. Jane's work proved ____ than that of their classmates.
A) not much better B) much better C) no more better D) too better
31. ——Are you going to the concert in the 21st Century Hotel
——No, the tickets are ____ for me.
A) much far expensive B) so much expensive
C) too far expensive D) far too expensive
32. He was ____ to the terrible situation then.
A) widely awake B) wide awake
C) widely awakened D) wide awaken
33. There were no tickets ____ for Friday's performance.
A) available B) preferable C) considerable D) possible
34. We need ____ information before we can decide.
A) far B) farther C) further D) furthest
35. Never before ____ people in the United States been interested in soccer.
A) has so many B) were so many
C) have so many D) will so many
Answers：
BABDB CBCBC AADBA CBCDB AACAA BACBC DBACC
*********************** 摘抄别的地方的 ***************************形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常， 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。
2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
（错） He is an ill man.
（对） The man is ill.
（错） She is an afraid girl.
（对） The girl is afraid.
这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。
3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：
something nice
英语形容词的位置
单个形容词修饰名词的时候，一般前置。但是下列情况下形容词却要后置。
1）当形容词修饰由some, no, any，加上thing, body, one构成的复合代词时，总是后置。
【例如】
I have something urgent to do, so I have to go now.
There must be something wrong with him.
2）以able或ible结尾的形容词与all, every, only或形容词最高级连用时，常常后置。
【例如】
These are the best books available in the university library. Paris is one of the most beautiful cities imaginable.
3）形容词词组常后置。
【例如】
I know a girl good at singing.
如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词，就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。
Opshacom中op代表opinion，指表示人们观点的形容词，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；
sh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如long，short，round, narrow等；
a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如old，new， young等；
c代表colour，指表示颜色的形容词，如red,black, orange等；
o代表origin，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canadian，German等；
m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，aluminium等。
英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列，如a nice long new black British plastic pen当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。
26种英语形容词后缀讲解
1．－able 以“－able”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况：
（1）v.＋able→adj. 以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能……的”、“可以（被）……的”、“适 合于……的”、“值得……的”等，即有被动含义。例如：reliable（可以依靠的），drinkable（可以饮用的 ），eatable（可食用的）。
（2）n.＋able→adj. 这种形容词意为“具有……特点的”，如valuable（有价值的），reasonable（ 有道理的），comfortable（舒适的）。
2．－ible 该词缀在意义上与“－able”相同，但主要用于拉丁语后。例如：terrible,horrible,invi sible,possible。
3．－al 该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。不过，有些“－al”后缀则仅体现了该词的形容词性 ，并非以这种方式构成形容词。“－al”意为“属于……的”、“有……特性的”。这类词在中学英语中颇多 ，如actual,general,international,medical,mental,moral,natural,official,several,special,usual。（ 这类形容词大部分没有比较级和最高级）
4．－an “－an”加在国名、地名之后，表明是相应的形容词，如American,African。
5．－ian “－ian”与“－an”相同。例如：Asian,Australian,Canadian,Indian,Italian。
6．－ant “－ant”表示“……性的”。带“－ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是－ance或－ancy后 缀。例如：instant(instance),distant(distance),important(importance),brilliant(brilliancy),consta nt(constancy),pleasant。
7．－ent “－ent”与“－ant”非常相似。例如：absent(absence),different(difference),excelle nt(excellence),patient(patience),present(presence).
8．－ar “－ar”意为“……的”、“……性的”，如popular,particular,regular。
9．－ary “－ary”意为“……的”、“与……有关的”。例如：contrary,necessary,ordinary,prim ary,revolutionary。
10．－ed “－ed”加在动词之后形成形容词。实际上该形容词是由原动词的过去分词演变而来的，因 此它有被动含义。这种形容词在中学英语中出现很多，有connected,discouraged,disappointed,engaged,exc ited,interested,limited,married,pleased,tired,united,used（习惯的），worried,wounded。
“－ed”也可加在动词之后形成复合形容词，如man-made,water-covered。
“－ed”还可加在名词之后形成复合形容词，如warm-hearted,warm-blooded,three-legged。
11．－en “－en”有两种情况：
（1）“－en”跟在一些物质名词之后构成形容词，表示“材料”或“质地”，如wooden,golden,earthe n。
（2）“－en”也可加在一些不规则动词之后形成形容词。这些形容词实际上是由过去分词转换而来的。 例如：spoken,written,stricken,mistaken。
12．－ern “－ern”加在表示方位的名词之后，表示“……（方位）的”。这样的词有eastern,sout hern,western,northern等。
13．－ese “－ese”加在国名、地名之后构成相应形容词。例如：Chinese,Japanese.
14．－ful 这一后缀有两种情况：
（1）加在名词之后构成形容词，表示“充满……的”、“有……性质的”，如beautiful,colourful,he lpful,powerful,successful,useful,wonderful。
（2）加在动词之后，所构成的形容词意为“易于……的”，如forgetful。
15．－ic “－ic”常常加在名词或依附于词干后，构成形容词，意为“……的”、“……似的”、“ 与……有关的”等。例如：Atlantic,electric,arctic,historic,pacific,plastic,public,scientific。
16．－ical “－ical”同“ic”一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词，意为“……的”、“……似的 ”、“与……有关的”，如physical,political,practical,technical等。
注：（1）有些形容词的词尾可能是“－ic”和“－ical”并存，且可以互相替代，但这不是说两者就没 有任何区别。一般来说，词尾“ic”与词根的关系比较密切，而词尾“ical”与词根的关系比较含糊，一般作 “与……有关的”解。请比较：an electric light（电灯），electrical engineering（电气工程）；histo ric意为“历史上有名气的”，historical则意为“关于历史的”。（2）以“ic”结尾的形容词，其相应副词 则往往是pacifically,scientifically。
17．－ing 词尾“－ing”也可构成形容词，但这种形容词实际上是现在分词形容词化了，因此，此类 形容词表示主动。例如：dying,exciting,inspiring,interesting,freezing,living。
另外，“－ing”词尾还可构成合成形容词，如good-looking,ordinary-l
18．－ish “－ish”意义较多，在中学英语中，其主要意义是“……民族的”、“……语的”、“… …似的”、“患……的”，如English,British,foolish,feverish。
19．－ist “－ist”表示“……主义的”、“信仰……的”。该后缀加在名词之后，如communist,im perialist,Marxist,socialist。
20．－ive “－ive”意为“……的”、“与……有关的”、“具有……性质的”等。例如：native,a ctive,passive,attentive,expensive。
21．－less “－less”加在名词、动词后，表示“无”、“缺”，如fearless,harmless,useless,he lpless,careless。
22．－ly “－ly”加在名词之后构成形容词。这一词缀的意义有二：
（1）“像……的”、“有……性质的”，如friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,orderly。
（2）“以……为周期的”、“每……的”，如hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly。
注：如是形容词之后加“－ly”，则构成副词。上述（2）中的形容词亦可用作副词。
23．－（i）ous 该形容词后缀意为“充满……的”、“具有……特征的”，加在名词、动词和形容词 之后。例如：curious,famous,dangerous,obvious,poisonous,serious,various。
24．－some “－some”加在名词、动词之后，表示“使人……的”、“易于……的”，如handsome,troublesome,tiresome。
25．－ward 它加在名词之后，表示方向，作“向……（方向）的”、“来自……（方向）的”解。例 如：eastward,southward, westward,northward, forward, backward,inward, outward, upward,downward。
注：这些词也可以是副词。如果词尾是“－wards”时，派生词必然是副词。
26．－y “－y”加在名词之后，表示“具有……特征的”、“多……的”。例如：funny,lucky,shab by,snowy,thirsty,windy,sunny,rainy,cloudy,dirty,dusty。
教学目的：了解形容词的分类；掌握形容词的用法及功能
教学重点：形容词的用法
教学难点：形容词的位置
学时数：
一、形容词分类
形容词是一种开放词类，在句中主要作修饰成分。形容词主要分为单词形容词，等级形容词和非等级形容词。
1．依词的构成划分：单词形容词（One-word Adjective）和复合形容词（Compound Adjective）
由一个自由词素构成，如：boy, kind
1）单词形容词
自由词素+前（后）缀构成，如：boyish, unkind
adj.+adj. red-hot 炽热的；dark-green深绿色的
adj./adv.+-ing easy-going随和的；good-looking好看的
adj./adv.+-ed new-born新生的；ready-cooked烧好的
2）复合形容词 n.+adj. sea-sick晕船的；ice-cold冰冷的
n.+-ing man-eating吃人的；epoch-making划时代的
n.+-ed heart-broken伤心的；ice-covered结冰的
adj.+n.+-ed gray-haired白发的；one-eyed独眼的
2. 依句法功能划分：中心形容词（Central Adjective）和外围形容词（Peripheral Adjective）
1）中心形容词：既能作名词修饰语又能作主补和宾补的形容词
e.g. Green apples are sour (作名词修饰语)
Pillar-boxes are green. (作主语补语)
They have painted the windows green. (作宾语补足语)
2）外围形容词：只能作修饰语或者只能作补语的形容词。如，utter只能作修饰语不能作补语：
This is utter nonsense. (√)
The nonsense is utter. (×)
又如asleep只能作补语不能作修饰语：
This child is asleep. (√)
This is an asleep child. (×)
3. 依词汇意义划分：动态形容词（Dynamic Adjective）和静态形容词（Stative Adjective）
1) 静态形容词：描写人或物的静态特征，如，tall, short, small, big, beautiful, ugly等，大多数形容词都是静态形容词。
2）动态形容词：含有动作含义，如，clever, cheerful, dull, gentle, generous, helpful, patient, witty, etc.
3) 动态形容词和静态形容词的特征对比：
a) 动态形容词可与动be的进行体搭配作补语，而静态形容词则不可以。
e.g. She is being witty. (√) She is being tall. (×)
b) 动态形容词可用于由动词be开始的祈使句，而静态形容词则不可以。
e.g. Be patient! (√) Be pretty. (×)
c) 动态形容词可用于使役结构（Caustative Construction），而静态形容词则不可以。
e.g. I persuaded her to be generous. (√) I persuaded her to be pretty. (×)
二、形容词的功能
1. 作定语
形容词作定语一般修饰名词，形容词通常前置，但有时也可后置，如：
It was a rainy day.
Someone else has done it.
1) 前置定语
当名词中心词前出现几个属于不同层次的形容词作修饰语时，常常涉及词序问题，排列顺序大致如下：
（1）可以置于冠词前的形容词：all, both, such等；
（2）冠词、指示代词、所有格形容词、不定形容词：a, an, the, this, those, your, his, our, any, some等；
（3）序数词：first, second, third等；
（4）基数词：one, two, three等；表示
（5）性质、状态、质量的形容词：nice, good, sweet, useful等；
（6）表示大小、长短、形状的形容词：big, small, square, round 等；
（7）表示年龄、新旧、温度的形容词：young, new, old, cold, hot等；
（8）表示颜色的形容词:blue, white, brown等；
（9）表示国籍、产地、区域的形容词：Chinese, American等；
（10）表示材料、用作形容词的名词：iron, oil, stone, silk等；
（11）分词：floating, handmade等
（口诀：all等代冠数前置，描大形新颜国材）
e.g. a large antique brown and white German beer-mug
译：一只德国古代棕白两色的大啤酒杯
a weak small spare old man 一个瘦弱的小老头
a well-known German medical school 一所著名的德国医学院
an interesting little red French oil painting一幅有趣的小型法国油画
his first two interesting little red French oil paintings
他的前两幅有趣的小型法国油画
Ex. Radio, television and press_______ of conveying news as information.
A) are the most three common means
B) are the most three common means
C) are the three most common means
D) are three the most common means
2）后置定语
形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：
a) 形容词短语作定语时要后置。如：
I think he is a man suitable for the job. 我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。
We need a place twice larger than this one. 我们需要一个比这里大一倍的地方。
b) 表语形容词作定语要后置。如：
He spoke like a man afraid. 他说话时像是很害怕似的。
He must be the best violinist alive. 他一定是当代最好的小提琴手了。
c) 受修饰复合不定代词时后置。如：
Tell me something interesting. 给我说些有意思的事。
Anyone intelligent can do it. 任何有头脑的人都能做这件事。
2. 作补语
形容词作主语补足语和宾语补足语时，可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果（如knock sb. Senseless）, 并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词如believe, prove, consider 等后。例如：
The news made her very sad. （宾语补足语）
He died young. （主语补足语）
The bottle was found empty. （主语补足语）
The facts proved his accusation groundless.（宾语补足语）
3. 作状语
形容词（短语）可作状语，其位置可以是举手、句中和句末；形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”结构或when、if、because等从句的省略，表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让步、强调、条件等，或对主语进行解释，说明主语是什么一种情况；或进行强调。例如：
Ripe, the oranges will sell at a good price.（时间）
Alice tiptoed to the bed, careful not to wake the baby.（方式）
Eager to see the sunrise, they got up at four.（原因）
Breathless, she rushed in through the back door.（伴随情况）
Large or small, all countries are equal.（让步）
John is big and busy.（强调，=very busy）
4. 作表语
形容词一般用在系动词be后作表语，如：
The bird’s song is very sweet.
在下列三类系动词或感官动词后，要用形容词作表语，不可用副词。
表示“是、在”的动词要求用形容词作表语
remain, keep持续在，continue继续在，stay保持，stand，lie位于等。
He remained silent at the meeting.
表示“变成，成为”的动词要求用形容词作表语
grow, turn, get变成，run很快变成，come果然变成，等。
Her dream has come true.（不可用truly）
感觉、感官动词要求用形容词作表语
see, appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel等。
It sounds nicely. (×)
It sounds nice. (√)
He looked angrily at him. (×)
He looked angry. (√)
5. 作主语
1）形容词可以用作主语，往往成对使用，具有名词化的特点。
Old and young joined in the discussion.
Rich or poor meant the same to him.
Careful and careless are as different as fire and water.
2）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry
The poor are losing hope.
3）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
Note：形容词还可用作宾语
They can’t tell right from wrong.
Children should be taught to know good from wrong.
6. 作感叹语
有些形容词可用作感叹语，表示某种情绪。例如：
Very good! Say it again.
Shocking! I’ve never heard of such a thing.
Wonderful! Sing us another song.
Stupid! He mist be crazy.
三、-ed形容词与-ing 形容词的用法区别
1. 以后缀-ed结尾的形容词
如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：
He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。
第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；第二句中的 excited voice 指的是“激动的声音”，即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。
Note：原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等与显示某人的情感状况的名词。
2. 以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：
The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。
四、形容词的级
1. 形容词级的构成
1）-er和-est型
单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词在词尾加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级。
bright—brighter—brightest thin—thinner—thinnest（双写n）
simple—simpler—simplest（直接加r或st）
pretty—prettier—prettiest（先变y为i） grey—greyer—greyest
2）more和most型
多音节形容词在原级前面加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如：
digestible—more digestible—most digestible
important—more important—most important
3）变化不规则的比较级和最高级
原级 比较级 最高级little less（比较少的） least lesser（次要的） older oldestold elder eldest farther farthestfar further furthestbad worse worstill worse worstgood better bestwell better bestlate later（较迟） latest（最新的） latter（后者的） last（最后的）near nearer nearest（最近的） next（下一个）many(much) more most
2．形容词级的用法
1）形容词比较级的用法
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。
Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。
It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。
This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
This meeting is less important than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。
The sun is much bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。
2）形容词最高级的用法
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
She is the best student in her class.
她是班上最好的学生。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
3）形容词级的特殊用法
a. most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示 “极，很，非常, 十分”。
It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。
I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。
b. “The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...”表示 “越... 就越...”。
The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。
The more, the better. 越多越好。
c. “形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”， 表示“越来越... ”。
It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了.
It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。
The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。
d. 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。
This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。
I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。
3．没有比较级和最高级的形容词
有些形容词（副词）一般不用来比较，本身已具有无法比较的含义，有下面几种情况。
表示“完全、特别”等意义的形容词（副词）
omnipresent无所不在的，final，fatal致命的，hopeless，fatherless无父的，perfect(ly)，totally(ly)，itter(ly)完全的（地），full，empty
表示“极限，主次”等的形容词（副词）
chief(ly)，extreme(ly)，infinite，main，major，interior，basic，fundamental，first，most
3）表示“几何形状”等的形容词（副词）
angular角形的，level水平的，oval椭圆形的，vertical垂直的，triangular三角形的，straight
4）表示“处所、方位、时间”的形容词（副词）
ahead，daily，weekly，here，now，then，outside，future，once，there
5）表示“状态”的形容词
agape目瞪口呆的，float，aghast吓呆的，alight烧着的，ashore，asleep，averse，awake，deaf，dumb
6）表示“性质、材料、国籍”等的形容词
American，atomic，economic，earthen泥土做的，fascist，golden，sonic声音的，wooden，silken丝的，silvern银质的，void，illegal，mortal
7) 表示“独一无二”的形容词
invincible，mere，only，single，sheer，sole
8）表示“强调”的形容词
barely，favourite，hardly，own，scarcely，very
9）junior等词
下面几个形容词没有比较级和最高级，用同to连用，而不同than连用：
junior，senior，inferior，superior，prior，posterior，anterior
五、专项练习
（一）单项选择
1. The air in Beijing is getting much ______ now than a few years ago.
A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
2. My moon cake is nicer ________ his.
A. like B. with C. for D. than
3. This physics problem is ______ and I can do it _______.
A. easy; easily B. easily; easily
C. easy; easy D. easily; easy
4. –Tom is six and he is _______ his sister Jane. How old is Jane
--Three.
A. twice as old as B. two years older than
C. three years younger than D. as old as
5. My cousin is very busy with his work. He has _______ time to read newspapers.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
6. –Can you guess who will be the first to cross the finish line
--Sandy. Jane didn’t run as fast ______ she did last time.
A. than B. so C. that D. as
7. This pen is _____ than that one.
A. more cheaper B. cheap C. much cheaper D. much cheap
8. –Jane, it’s time to go to school. Get up and have breakfast.
--But I am not feeling _______. I don’t feel like eating anything.
A. bad B. good C. well D. badly
9. So _______ homework really makes the students feel tired.
A. much B. many C. little D. few
10. Who has _______ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy
A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most
11. Bill Jumped _____ than any other player in the sports meeting.
A. tall B. taller C. high D. higher
12. Don’t worry. He is ______ to take care of little Betty.
A. carefully enough B. enough carefully
C. careful enough D. enough carefully
13. Look! It’s raining _______. What a ______ rain!
A. heavy; heavily B. heavily; heavy C. loudly; big D. hard; light
14. Write _____ and try not to make any mistakes.
A. as careful as possible B. as carefully ad you can
C. most careful D. more careful
15. 100,000 pounds is a large amount of money, but it’s _______ than we need.
A. a little more B. very little C. more less D. far less
16. Basketball is a kind of ______ sport. You can’t win the match by yourself.
A. popular B. exciting C. enjoyable D. team
17. It’s cold. We must keep all the windows _______.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
18. I think maths is the second _______ subject of all.
A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important
19. Professor Mott lived in a _____ hotel when he was in Beijing.
A. five-stars B. five-tar C. five stars D. five stars’
20. –Will your mother ______ you if you _____ the English exam
--Of course not, because I am trying my best.
A. be angry with; don’t pass B. be angry with; won’t pass
C. be angry to; don’t pass D. be angry to; won’t pass
21. The little girl was afraid of staying ______ in the ______ house.
A. alone; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. lone; alone
22. He would like to help hi _____ friend speak _______.
A. America; Chinese B. American; Chinese
C. American; Chin D. America; China
23. –How is the weather today
-- ________.
A. Weather fine B. It’s windy C. They are nice D. Good
24. This book is very _______ and I am ______ in it.
A. interesting; interest B. interesting; interested
C. interested; interesting D. interested; interested
25. It’s nothing serious. You’ve just caught ______ a cold.
A. a bit B. a bit of C. a little D. a little of
Answers：BDAAA DCCAD DCBBD DDCBA BBBBB
（二）辨认错误
1. Of these alternatives I prefer the formal but she prefers the latter.
A B C D
2. The economics difficulties of the country are not to be made light of.
A B C D
3. The situation there looked so seriously that it seemed as if the Third World War
A B
might break out at any time
C D
4. Thomes Jefferson was very ambition and served his country in several different
A B C D
capacities.
5. The salad tasted so well that my brother returned to the salad bar for another
A B C D
helping.
6. Even though she looks very young, she is twice older than my twenty-year-old
A B C D
sister.
7. Feeling impatiently for someone to return and give him an answer, the student
A B
paced up and down the hall.
C D
8. He looked differently after his return from America.
A B C D
Answers: 1. C (former), 2. A (economic), 3. B (serious), 4. A (ambitious),
5. A (so good), 6. C (twice as old as), 7. A (important), 8. B (different)
六、自测练习
1. Physics is ____to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.
A) alike B) equivalent C) likely D) uniform
2. The president made a ____speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.
A) vigorous B) tedious C) flat D) harsh
3. It is reported that ____adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.
A) the most B) most of C) most D) the most of
4. Convenient foods which are already prepared for cooking are ____ in grocery stores.
A) ready B) approaching C) probable D) available
5. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total ____ for living expenses.
A) acceptable B) available C) advisable D) applicable
6. Since the matter was extremely ____, we dealt with it immediately.
A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant
7. The shy girl felt ____ and uncomfortable when he couldn't answer the teacher's questions.
A) amazed B) awkward C) curious D) amused
8. The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was putsintos____care.
A) tense B) rigid C) intensive D) tight
9. Our new house is very ____for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.
A) adaptable B) convenient C) available D) comfortable
10. The words of his old teacher left a ____ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by him.
A) long B) lively C) lasting D) liberal
11. It is our ____policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.
A) consistent B) continuous C) considered D) continual
12. He is ____about his chance of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.
A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding D) obvious
13. She cooked the meal for a long time so as to make it ____enough to eat.
A) mild B) slight C) light D) tender
14. Young people are not ____to stand and look at works of arts; they want art they can participate in.
A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous
15. It is said that the math teacher seems ____towards bright students.
A) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable
16. In-groups to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took ____trouble over the figures.
A) extensive B) spare C) extra D) supreme
17. All the key words in the article are printed in ____ type so as to attract readers' attention.
A) dark B) bold C) dense D) black
18. He was the ____ at the moment.
A) only alive person B) alive only person
C) only person alive D) person only alive
19. Mike is watching ____.
A) a detective, old, exciting film B) an old detective, exciting film
C) an exciting, old, detective film D) an old, exciting, detective film
20. The leader of the town is a ____ old man.
A) respective B) respectable C) respecting D) respectful
21. It is a beautiful car, but it is not ____ the price that I paid for it.
A) cost B) worthy C) worth D) value
22. This is ____ to answer.
A) rather a difficult question B) rather difficult a question
C) rather difficult question D) a question rather difficult
23. Of the two gifts, the child chose ____.
A) the less expensive B) the one most expensive
C) the least expensive D) the most expensive
24. The police finally arrested the ____ criminal.
A) famous B) reputed C) notorious D) renowned
25. This young man is hard working and ____. I strongly recommend him.
A) conscientious B) conscience C) conscious D) consciousness
26. This TV is ____ all the other TV in the department store.
A) superior to B) advantageous than C) super to D) beneficial to
27. My command of English is ____ as yours.
A) half not so good B) not half so good
C) not so good half D) not so half good
28. Last year, John earned ____ his brother, who is less capable.
A) three times as much as B) twice as many as
C) twice worse D) three times as more as
29. His salary as a bus driver is much higher ____.
A) in comparison with the salary of a teacher B) than a teacher
C) than that of a teacher D) to compare as a teacher
30. Jane's work proved ____ than that of their classmates.
A) not much better B) much better C) no more better D) too better
31. ——Are you going to the concert in the 21st Century Hotel
——No, the tickets are ____ for me.
A) much far expensive B) so much expensive
C) too far expensive D) far too expensive
32. He was ____ to the terrible situation then.
A) widely awake B) wide awake
C) widely awakened D) wide awaken
33. There were no tickets ____ for Friday's performance.
A) available B) preferable C) considerable D) possible
34. We need ____ information before we can decide.
A) far B) farther C) further D) furthest
35. Never before ____ people in the United States been interested in soccer.
A) has so many B) were so many
C) have so many D) will so many
Answers：
BABDB CBCBC AADBA CBCDB AACAA BACBC DBACC
*********************** 摘抄别的地方的 ***************************形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常， 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。
2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
（错） He is an ill man.
（对） The man is ill.
（错） She is an afraid girl.
（对） The girl is afraid.
这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。
3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：
something nice
英语形容词的位置
单个形容词修饰名词的时候，一般前置。但是下列情况下形容词却要后置。
1）当形容词修饰由some, no, any，加上thing, body, one构成的复合代词时，总是后置。
【例如】
I have something urgent to do, so I have to go now.
There must be something wrong with him.
2）以able或ible结尾的形容词与all, every, only或形容词最高级连用时，常常后置。
【例如】
These are the best books available in the university library. Paris is one of the most beautiful cities imaginable.
3）形容词词组常后置。
【例如】
I know a girl good at singing.
如果你记住Opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词，就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。
Opshacom中op代表opinion，指表示人们观点的形容词，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；
sh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如long，short，round, narrow等；
a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如old，new， young等；
c代表colour，指表示颜色的形容词，如red,black, orange等；
o代表origin，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canadian，German等；
m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，aluminium等。
英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列，如a nice long new black British plastic pen当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。
26种英语形容词后缀讲解
1．－able 以“－able”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况：
（1）v.＋able→adj. 以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能……的”、“可以（被）……的”、“适 合于……的”、“值得……的”等，即有被动含义。例如：reliable（可以依靠的），drinkable（可以饮用的 ），eatable（可食用的）。
（2）n.＋able→adj. 这种形容词意为“具有……特点的”，如valuable（有价值的），reasonable（ 有道理的），comfortable（舒适的）。
2．－ible 该词缀在意义上与“－able”相同，但主要用于拉丁语后。例如：terrible,horrible,invi sible,possible。
3．－al 该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。不过，有些“－al”后缀则仅体现了该词的形容词性 ，并非以这种方式构成形容词。“－al”意为“属于……的”、“有……特性的”。这类词在中学英语中颇多 ，如actual,general,international,medical,mental,moral,natural,official,several,special,usual。（ 这类形容词大部分没有比较级和最高级）
4．－an “－an”加在国名、地名之后，表明是相应的形容词，如American,African。
5．－ian “－ian”与“－an”相同。例如：Asian,Australian,Canadian,Indian,Italian。
6．－ant “－ant”表示“……性的”。带“－ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是－ance或－ancy后 缀。例如：instant(instance),distant(distance),important(importance),brilliant(brilliancy),consta nt(constancy),pleasant。
7．－ent “－ent”与“－ant”非常相似。例如：absent(absence),different(difference),excelle nt(excellence),patient(patience),present(presence).
8．－ar “－ar”意为“……的”、“……性的”，如popular,particular,regular。
9．－ary “－ary”意为“……的”、“与……有关的”。例如：contrary,necessary,ordinary,prim ary,revolutionary。
10．－ed “－ed”加在动词之后形成形容词。实际上该形容词是由原动词的过去分词演变而来的，因 此它有被动含义。这种形容词在中学英语中出现很多，有connected,discouraged,disappointed,engaged,exc ited,interested,limited,married,pleased,tired,united,used（习惯的），worried,wounded。
“－ed”也可加在动词之后形成复合形容词，如man-made,water-covered。
“－ed”还可加在名词之后形成复合形容词，如warm-hearted,warm-blooded,three-legged。
11．－en “－en”有两种情况：
（1）“－en”跟在一些物质名词之后构成形容词，表示“材料”或“质地”，如wooden,golden,earthe n。
（2）“－en”也可加在一些不规则动词之后形成形容词。这些形容词实际上是由过去分词转换而来的。 例如：spoken,written,stricken,mistaken。
12．－ern “－ern”加在表示方位的名词之后，表示“……（方位）的”。这样的词有eastern,sout hern,western,northern等。
13．－ese “－ese”加在国名、地名之后构成相应形容词。例如：Chinese,Japanese.
14．－ful 这一后缀有两种情况：
（1）加在名词之后构成形容词，表示“充满……的”、“有……性质的”，如beautiful,colourful,he lpful,powerful,successful,useful,wonderful。
（2）加在动词之后，所构成的形容词意为“易于……的”，如forgetful。
15．－ic “－ic”常常加在名词或依附于词干后，构成形容词，意为“……的”、“……似的”、“ 与……有关的”等。例如：Atlantic,electric,arctic,historic,pacific,plastic,public,scientific。
16．－ical “－ical”同“ic”一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词，意为“……的”、“……似的 ”、“与……有关的”，如physical,political,practical,technical等。
注：（1）有些形容词的词尾可能是“－ic”和“－ical”并存，且可以互相替代，但这不是说两者就没 有任何区别。一般来说，词尾“ic”与词根的关系比较密切，而词尾“ical”与词根的关系比较含糊，一般作 “与……有关的”解。请比较：an electric light（电灯），electrical engineering（电气工程）；histo ric意为“历史上有名气的”，historical则意为“关于历史的”。（2）以“ic”结尾的形容词，其相应副词 则往往是pacifically,scientifically。
17．－ing 词尾“－ing”也可构成形容词，但这种形容词实际上是现在分词形容词化了，因此，此类 形容词表示主动。例如：dying,exciting,inspiring,interesting,freezing,living。
另外，“－ing”词尾还可构成合成形容词，如good-looking,ordinary-l
18．－ish “－ish”意义较多，在中学英语中，其主要意义是“……民族的”、“……语的”、“… …似的”、“患……的”，如English,British,foolish,feverish。
19．－ist “－ist”表示“……主义的”、“信仰……的”。该后缀加在名词之后，如communist,im perialist,Marxist,socialist。
20．－ive “－ive”意为“……的”、“与……有关的”、“具有……性质的”等。例如：native,a ctive,passive,attentive,expensive。
21．－less “－less”加在名词、动词后，表示“无”、“缺”，如fearless,harmless,useless,he lpless,careless。
22．－ly “－ly”加在名词之后构成形容词。这一词缀的意义有二：
（1）“像……的”、“有……性质的”，如friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,orderly。
（2）“以……为周期的”、“每……的”，如hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly。
注：如是形容词之后加“－ly”，则构成副词。上述（2）中的形容词亦可用作副词。
23．－（i）ous 该形容词后缀意为“充满……的”、“具有……特征的”，加在名词、动词和形容词 之后。例如：curious,famous,dangerous,obvious,poisonous,serious,various。
24．－some “－some”加在名词、动词之后，表示“使人……的”、“易于……的”，如handsome,troublesome,tiresome。
25．－ward 它加在名词之后，表示方向，作“向……（方向）的”、“来自……（方向）的”解。例 如：eastward,southward, westward,northward, forward, backward,inward, outward, upward,downward。
注：这些词也可以是副词。如果词尾是“－wards”时，派生词必然是副词。
26．－y “－y”加在名词之后，表示“具有……特征的”、“多……的”。例如：funny,lucky,shab by,snowy,thirsty,windy,sunny,rainy,cloudy,dirty,dusty。