2023届中考英语二轮复习:英语时态表格总结

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名称 2023届中考英语二轮复习:英语时态表格总结
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更新时间 2022-12-10 17:46:57

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英语时态表格
时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,同学们在实际应用中,往往对时态问题倍感棘手,下面我们就初中英语八种时态以列表的形式做一归纳比较。
概念 时间状语 基本结构
一般现在时 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(week, month),once a week, on Mondays, etc. 1.be动词2.行为动词
现在进行时 表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作或状态。 now, at this time, these days, etc. am/ is/ are +doing
一般过去时 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态; 过去 习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 ago, yesterday, last week(month, year…), in 2000, just now, one day, long long ago, etc. was/were2.行为动词过去式
过去进行时 表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作或行为。 at this time yesterday或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 was/ were+ doing
现在完成时 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的一向或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 already, yet, just, ever,never, before, recently,in the past few years, 等,及由for或since引导的时间状语。 have/ has +done
一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon, the day after tomorrow ,next Sunday/week/year/month, soon, in a few days minutes, etc 1.be going to +do2.will /shall+do
过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或情况。表示“过去的过去” by, before等构成的过去时间短语连用或用于when, before, until等引导的从句中。由said, asked, told, thought等引导的宾语从句中, had+ done
过去将来时 表示在过去的某个时候看来将要发生的动作或者存在的状态。 The next day(morning, year), the following month (week),etc. 1.would+do 2.was/ were going to +do
英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。)
(1)一般现在时
  基本形式(以do为例):
  第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);
  肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;
  He works for us.
  否定句:主语+don‘t/doesn't+动词原形+其他;
  He doesn't work for us.
  一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。
  肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主语+do/does).
  否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.)
  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语
  Does he work for us
  Yes, he does.
  No, he doesn't
  What does he do for us
  He works for us.
(2)一般过去时
  be动词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 585473.htm" \t "_blank )+行为动词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 875187.htm" \t "_blank )的过去式
  否定句式:在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;
  was或were放于句首;用助动词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 78719.htm" \t "_blank )do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词
  例如: Did he work for us
  He didn't work for us.
  He worked for us.
(3)一般将来时
  am/are/is+going to+do 或
  will/shall+do
  am/is/are/about to + do
  am/is/are to + do;
  一般将来时的表达方法
  be going to +动词原形
  be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形
  be able to +不定式
  be about to+动词原形
  will + 动词原形;
  例如:He is going to work for us.
  He will work for us;
  He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子!!
(4)过去将来时
  be(was,were)going to+动词原形
  be(was,were)about to+动词原形
  be(was,were)to+动词原形
  肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
  否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
  疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?
  肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
  否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
  疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?
  He would work for us.
(5)现在进行时
  主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)
  表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。
  例如:I am buying a book.
  第一人称+am+doing+sth
  第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)
  第三人称+is+doing+sth
  例:He is working.
(6)过去进行时
  肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它
  否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
  一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ;答语:Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.
  特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
  He was working when he was alive.
(7)将来进行时
  主语+will + be +现在分词
  He will be working for us.=He will work for us.
(8)过去将来进行时
  should(would)+be+现在分词
  He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(9)现在完成时
  基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
  ①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
  ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
  ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\
  He has worked for us for ten years.
  Has he worked for us for ten years.
(10)过去完成时
  基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
  ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
  ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
  ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
  肯定回答:Yes,主语+had
  否定回答:No,主语+hadn't
  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)
  语法判定:
  ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:
  I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
  ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
  We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
  ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
  They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)将来完成时
  (shall)will+have+动词过去分词
  before+将来时间或by+将来时间
  before或by the time引导的现在时的从句 ( http: / / baike. / view / 138129.htm" \t "_blank )
  He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
(12)过去将来完成时
  should / would have done sth.
  He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(13)现在完成进行时
  基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念
  have/has been +-ing 分词
  He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.
(14)过去完成进行时
  had been +-ing 分词
  He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.
(15)将来完成进行时
  主语+ shall/will have been doing
  He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.
  翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作)
(16)过去将来完成进行时
  should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称
  would have been+现在分词用于其他人称
  He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
  举例:
  英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来)
  现在以I listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示:
  一般现在时:I listen
  现在进行时 ( http: / / baike. / view / 201163.htm" \t "_blank ):I am listening
  过去进行时:I was listening
  现在完成时:I have listened
  现在完成进行时:I have been listening
  一般将来时:I shall listen”或“I will listen.”
  将来进行时:I shall be listening
  一般过去时:I listened
  过去完成时 ( http: / / baike. / view / 201153.htm" \t "_blank ):I had listened
  过去完成进行时:I had been listening
  将来完成时: I shall have listened
  将来完成进行时: I shall have been listening