2023届高考英语大单元二轮复习(新教材新高考)专题七 主谓一致课件(23张ppt)

文档属性

名称 2023届高考英语大单元二轮复习(新教材新高考)专题七 主谓一致课件(23张ppt)
格式 pptx
文件大小 6.6MB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2022-12-09 18:57:26

图片预览

文档简介

(共23张PPT)
专题七 主谓一致
【新教材新高考】
主谓一致即在句子中谓语动词的数必须和主语的数保持一致。一般可根据三个原则来确定:
语法一致:主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数
意义一致:形单意复或形复意单的名词作主语,谓语动词要根据主语的意义决定
就近一致:谓语动词要和离它最近的主语在数上保持一致
1
语法一致原则
1.主语是一个单数名词、不可数名词、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、从句时,谓语多用单数形式;主语是复数名词、两个或两个以上的动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或从句时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
Many boys are fond of playing football.
很多男孩子喜欢踢足球。
Listening to music makes me relaxed.
听音乐使我感到很放松。
注意
what(ever)引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
What attracts people is its pleasant climate.
吸引人们的是它宜人的气候。
What he says and does agree.
他言行一致。
2.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
I visited Zhouzhuang, which is very charming.
我参观了周庄,它非常迷人。
We saw villages which date back to the Tang Dynasty.
我们看到了始建于唐朝的村庄。
3.主语后跟 with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than等引导的词语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致(遵循向“前”看原则)。
Pronunciation as well as grammar changes quickly.
发音与语法一样变化很快。
4.不定代词作主语
主语是 one,another,other(与the连用),either,each,somebody,anybody, everybody,nobody,someone,anyone,everyone,no one,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Everyone was calm.
每个人都很镇静。
Another is to ensure all children complete primary education.
另外一个(目标)是确保所有的孩子都能完成初等教育。
5.复数形式的名词作主语
主语是glasses(眼镜),shoes,gloves,scissors,trousers,shorts等复数名词时,谓语用复数形式。若其前有“pair/kind/type/…+of”时,谓语动词的数一般与pair,kind,type等的数一致。
The trousers are suitable for you.
裤子适合你。
A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.
床下放着一双鞋子。
2
就近一致原则
1.由or,either... or...,neither... nor...,not only... but also...,not... but...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Either you or one of your classmates is to attend the meeting.
你或者你同学中的一位要去参加会议。
2.在 there be/here be句型中,主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a computer, two desks and a bed in the room.
房间里有一台电脑、两张桌子和一张床。
3.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;each,every,no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使由and 连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent objects to the idea.
很多父母反对这种观点。
Every boy and every girl desires to attend the party.
每个男生和女生都渴望参加聚会。
3
意义一致原则
1.“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多……”,作主语时谓语动词用复数;“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
A number of measures were being taken to protect the endangered animals.
(人们)正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。
The number of staff has declined from 217, 000 to 114, 000.
员工人数从21.7万减少到了11.4万。
2.“分数/百分数/the majority + of +名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数及其表示的意义;all,some,half,most,the rest 等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
One third of the books were created by him.
这些书中有三分之一是他创作的。
All are equal before the law.
法律面前,人人平等。
All is well that ends well.
结局好一切都好。
3.and,both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The singer and the actor are to attend our evening party.
那位歌手和那位演员将参加我们的晚会。
The singer and actor is to attend our evening party.
那位歌手兼演员将参加我们的晚会。
4.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The wounded have been cured and the lost have been found.
受伤的人被治愈,同时失踪的人也被找到了。
5.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或短语通常作为一个整体看待,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Two thousand miles is a long distance.
两千英里是一段很长的距离。
6.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:crew,family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。
The whole class were told to remain after school.
全班的学生被告知放学后留下。
The whole class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.
整个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
7.单复数同形的名词作主语
主语是means,series,species,works(工厂),deer,fish,sheep等时,要视其意义确定谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式。
All means have been tried.
所有方式都试过了。
Every means has been tried.
每一种方式都试过了。
注意
“a quantity of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,“a quantity of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词常用复数;“quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
A large quantity of milk is reported not to reach the standard.
Large quantities of milk are reported not to reach the standard.
据报道,大量的牛奶不合格。
Thank you