(共86张PPT)
Unit 2 Exploring English
头脑风暴·思维发散
English is most widely used in the world. With the development,many changes have happened to the language. And there will be many kinds of dialects(方言) of the English language.Besides, many new words and structures have come into English. The same word has different meanings in different cultures, and the same thing is expressed by different words. Can you find more about it
Part 1 Starting out,Understanding ideas,Using language
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
语法专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与自我——英语语言的多样性和创造性。
2.语篇类型:小品文
3.课文内容分析:本文以幽默、风趣的笔触例举并评价了英语中让学习者迷惑不解的
“疯狂”现象,从而反映了英语的趣味性、多样性、创造性和吸引力。阅读本文,
有利于引导学生深入思考英语的特点,感受英语语言的幽默,激发学生对英语学习
的兴趣。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
homesick
homework
housework
soft
hardly
sunny
up
down
was invented
reflects the creativity
重点词汇
1.If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”,why are “hardly” and “softly”
not an opposing pair (教材第15页)
如果说hard(硬)是soft(软)的反义词,为什么hardly(几乎不)和softly(柔和地)却
不是一对反义词呢
◆opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的,相对立的
核心知识·深入探究
She is a player from the opposing side.
她是对方的运动员。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①His opinion on students using mobile phones is (与我
们的对立).
②The citizens (反对) raising the level of taxes.
单句语法填空
③Delegates expressed strong (oppose) to the plans.
opposing to ours
are opposed to
opposition
2.If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions,why are shameless
and shameful behaviors the same (教材第15页)
如果说harmless actions(无害行为)和harmful actions(有害行为)意思相反,为
什么shameless behaviors(无耻行为)和shameful behaviors(可耻行为)反而是一
回事
(1)harmless adj.无害的,不致伤的
This action is harmless when playing basketball.
打篮球时,这种动作是无害的。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①Fruit juice can (对……有害) children's teeth.
②The research shows that polluted air really (损害)
people's health.
单句语法填空
③These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to
show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect .
(harm) chemicals in groundwater.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
be harmful to
does harm to
harmful
(2)behavior n.举止,行为
This sort of behavior will land him in hot water.
这种行为会给他带来麻烦。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①He always (对……表现出友好的行为)
his classmates.
②This is such a (规矩的男孩) that he is never late
for school.
单句语法填空
③She doesn't know how to behave (she) in public.
shows friendly behavior to/towards
well-behaved boy
herself
3.Even the smallest words can be confusing.(教材第15页)
就算是最短小的单词都让人费解。
◆confusing adj.令人困惑的
What she did was really confusing.
她所做的实在令人不解。
This is a confusing problem.
这是个令人困惑的问题。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①A survey showed people were (confuse) about what they should
eat to stay healthy.
②He looked at me in (confuse) and did not answer the
question.
③He used many terms in his speech which sounded (confuse)
to the audience.
完成句子
④People (对……困惑) all the different labels on
food these days.
confused
confusion
confusing
are confused about
4.You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a
house can burn up as it burns down...(教材第15页)
英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里,房子烧成灰烬的时候,
可以说burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”),也可以说burn down(字面意思为“烧下
去”)……
◆burn up 烧掉;烧毁;(通过锻炼)消耗(热量)
Don't burn up these papers;they are still useful.
不要把这些文件烧掉,它们还有用。
Which burns up more calories—swimming or cycling
游泳和骑车,哪种运动消耗热量更多
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①Don't let the fire (减弱) because it is colder and colder
outside.
②When he returned to the room, he found the candle had .
(燃尽).
单句语法填空
③As a result,they (burn) more fat during walks on an empty
stomach than when they had eaten first.(2020年江苏卷,阅读理解C)
④The spray (burn) the bears' eyes,but doesn't hurt them.(2020
年浙江卷,读后续写)
burn down
burnt out
burned
burns
5.English was invented by people,not computers,and it reflects the
creativity of the human race.(教材第15页)
英语是人创造的,不是计算机发明的,它反映了人类的创造力。
(1)reflect v.显示,反映;思考
A mirror reflects light.镜子反射光。
“I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解C)
“我反思自己一天过得如何,并思考本周剩下的时间如何度过。”他说。
The literature of a period reflects its values.
某一时期的文学可反映出该时期的价值观。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①She could see herself (reflect) in his eyes.
②I couldn‘t bear to see my (reflect) in the mirror.
③Everything you do or say is reflective your personality.
reflected
reflection
of
(2)creativity n.创造性,创造力
A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man's intelligence and creativity.(2019年江苏卷)
城市是人类动手动脑劳作的产物,反映了人类的智慧和创造力。
Creativity is more important than technical skill.
创造力比专门技术更重要。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The conversation that you have with your friend cannot be experienced
or (recreate) by anyone else.
②Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around
to the opinion that using nutria fur for her (create) is
morally acceptable.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解C)
③One may wonder how the Silence Machine works.Well,it functions by
analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and (create) a
second set of outgoing waves.(2020年天津卷,阅读理解C)
④When my mother saw my creations,she told me how (create) my
designs were.(2020年浙江卷,七选五)
recreated
creations
creating
creative
6.And that is why when I wind up my watch,it starts,but when I wind up
this passage,it ends.(教材第15页)
这也是当我wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条)以后表针开始走,而我wind up
this passage(将本文收尾)后这篇文章结束的原因。
◆wind up 给(机械)上发条;使(活动、会议等)结束
Wind up your watch in case it stops.
给你的表上发条,以防它停了。
The President is about to wind up his visit to France.
总统即将结束对法国的访问。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①—How about the weather
—It's (wind).
②It seems that the chairman will wind the meeting.
③The Great Wall (wind) its way from west to east,till at last
it reaches the sea.
完成句子
④I (最后做) the job just to keep my customers happy.
windy
up
winds
wound up doing
重点句式
1.I hadn't,until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there
was ham in a hamburger.(教材第14页)
我以前从未想过这个问题,直到有一天,我5岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里
面有没有ham(火腿)。
◆not...until...直到……才……
The noise of the street didn't stop until it was midnight.
街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①People (没有意识到) the importance of protecting
environment until recent years.
②Not until her mother recovered from the illness (她才离
开) for work.
③It was not until five o'clock in the afternoon that they .
(完成他们的工作).
didn't realise
did she leave
finished
their work
2.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.(教材第14页)
而pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树),也没有apple(苹果)。
◆neither...nor...既不……也不……
As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C)
正如作者所解释的,这既不是旅行,也不是历史书,甚至不是一篇新闻报道。
Neither his parents nor he likes sports.
他父母和他都不喜欢体育。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Not only the students but also their teacher (be) enjoying the
film.
②Neither Amy nor Hellen (like) English.
③Either you or she (be) good at drawing.
is
likes
is
长难句分析
While we're doing all this traveling,we can get seasick at sea,airsick in the air and carsick in a car,but we don't get homesick when we get back home.(教材第14页)
当我们旅行时,我们会在海上晕船(seasick at sea)、在飞机里晕机(airsick in the air)、在车里晕车(carsick in a car),但回到家里我们却不会“晕家”
(homesick,实际意义为“思乡的”)。
本句是并列句,but前的分句中包含了while引导的时间状语从句,but后的分句中包含了when引导的时间状语从句。
备用讲义
1.Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning
English (教材第14页)
你有没有问过自己,为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难
◆have trouble (in) doing sth.(在)做某事上有困难
Though I have trouble in learning German,I decide to learn it well.虽然我学德语有困难,但我决心学好它。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I've been having a few problems the car.
②She had more trouble (keep) focused.
完成句子
③I have (太多) difficulty in doing the work.
with
(in) keeping
too much
2.And speaking of home,why aren't homework and housework the same thing
(教材第15页)
说到家,为什么homework(家庭作业)和housework(家务)(这两个英语单词看起来很
像意思却)不是一回事呢
◆speaking of home“提到家”,在句中作时间状语。
归纳拓展
Being decorated,the building can't be moved in and used.
正在装修,这座大楼还不能搬进使用。(与句子主语是动宾关系)
Seeing me,he jumped with joy.
看到我,他高兴地跳了起来。(与句中主语是主谓关系)
3.If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions,why are
shameless and shameful behaviors the same (教材第15页)
如果说harmless actions(无害行为)和harmful actions(有害行为)意思相反,为
什么shameless behaviors(无耻行为)和shameful behaviors(可耻行为)反而是
一回事
◆opposite n.对立面,对立物;对立的人;反义词
Do the opposite.Focus on the speaking.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
反其道而行之。专注于演讲。
What is the opposite of heavy 重的反义词是什么
Exactly the opposite is true.事实恰恰相反。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①热和冷是对立面。
Hot and cold .
②他在我对面坐下来。
He took a seat me.
③玛莎一点都不腼腆,事实上正好相反。
Martha's not shy at all— in fact.
are opposites
opposite to
just the opposite
语法专项指导
构词法(Word Formation)
语法原句再现
①Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
②For example,in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a
painting...
③And speaking of home,why aren't homework and housework the same thing
④When we look out of the window and see rain or snow,we can say “it's raining”or “it's snowing”.
⑤What about “IT” and “US”
仔细观察上面加粗的词,可以发现pineapple,homework,housework由两个单词组合而成,这样的词叫合成词。此外还有其他构词法,如派生和缩略,我们一起来学习一下。
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
一、合成
1.合成名词
(1)名词+名词(动词)
storyteller讲故事的人 bookmark书签
sunset日落 sightseeing观光
(2)动词+名词
guidebook指导手册 runway飞机跑道
(3)介词+名词
underground地铁 by-product副产品
2.合成动词
名词、形容词、副词(介词)+动词
babysit临时照看婴孩
ill-treat虐待 overcome克服
3.合成形容词
(1)名词+动词(-ing、过去分词)
English-speaking讲英语的
snow-covered被雪覆盖的
(2)形容词+名词(动词-ing)
high-class高级的 easy-going随和的
(3)副词+动词(-ing、过去分词)
hard-working勤劳的
well-written写得好的
(4)数词+名词
five-year五年的
温馨提示 合成形容词一般要有连字符,其中的名词部分不用复数形式。
a 2,000-word report 一份两千字的报道
an 800-metre-long bridge 一座八百米长的桥
语境运用
完成句子
①She has (一个三岁的)boy.
②The Yangtze River is an over (六千千米长) river.
③This article is (写得好).
a three-year-old
6,000-kilometre-long
well-written
4.其他合成词
everywhere到处 downstairs在楼下
throughout自始至终;遍及 within在……之内
二、派生
1.前缀
前缀通常只改变词义,不改变词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀。
sculpture由词根sculpt和后缀-ure组成,这样的词叫派生词;我们熟知的rain
和snow是名词,“it's raining”和“it's snowing”分别意为“正在下
雨”“正在下雪”,其中的rain和snow变成了动词,分别意为“下雨”“
下雪”,这种变化被称为词性转化。
un-不,非 unable不能够的 unlucky 不幸的
dis-不,非 dishonest 不诚实的
discontinuous 不连续的
in-不,非 inactive 不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的
im-不,非 impatient 不耐烦的
impossible 不可能的
ir-不,非 irregular 不规则的
irresponsible 不负责任的
il-不,非 illogical 不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的
non-不,非 non-existent 不存在的
non-stop 直达的;连续不断的
mis-错误 mislead 误导 misunderstand 误解
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He missed the game so he was (happy).
②You must do it again for your answer is (correct).
unhappy
incorrect
(2)其他常见前缀。
pre-在……之前 preview预习 prepare准备
re-再,重新 return返回 remember记住
com-共同,一起 combine结合 company公司
inter-在……之间 international国际的
interaction互动
trans-横过;转移 transport运输
translation翻译
tele-远;电 telephone电话
television电视
2.后缀
形容词后缀
(1)名词+-al
agriculture农业→agricultural 农业的
(2)动词+-ive
decide 决定;下决心→decisive 决定性的;关键的
(3)动词+-able
accept 接受→acceptable 可接受的
(4)名词+-ful
care 小心;关心→careful 小心的;仔细的
(5)名词+-less
care 小心;关心→careless 粗心的
(6)名词+-ly
friend 朋友→friendly 友好的
(7)名词+-y
cloud 云→cloudy 多云的
名词后缀
(1)动词+-ion∕-tion∕-sion(表示动作或动作过程)
correct 改正;纠正→correction 改正
celebrate 庆祝→celebration 庆祝;庆祝会
conclude 完成;结束→conclusion 结论;结束
(2)动词+-er∕-or(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)
drive 驾驶→driver 司机;驾驶员
act 表演→actor 演员
(3)动词+-ment
punish 惩罚→punishment 惩罚
(4)动词∕形容词+-th
warm 温暖的→warmth 温暖
(5)形容词+-y
difficult 困难的→difficulty 困难
honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实
(6)形容词+-ness
kind 善良的→kindness 善良
(7)动词+-ance
annoy 使烦恼→annoyance 烦恼
(8)动词+-ist
type 打字→typist 打字员
(9)-ship 结尾的名词(表示关系、身份、资格)
friend 朋友→friendship 友谊
member 成员;会员→membership 会员资格
professor 教授→professorship 教授身份
(10)-ing 结尾的名词
garden 花园→gardening 园艺
greet 打招呼;问候→greeting 问候
动词后缀
(1)形容词∕名词+-fy∕-ify
simple 简单的→simplify 简化
(2)形容词+-en
short 短的→shorten 缩短
(3)名词+-ize
apology 道歉,歉意→apologize 道歉
语境运用
单句语法填空
①When crossing the street,you must be very (care).
②Your (suggest)is quite right!
careful
suggestion
三、转化
一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性,这种构词法叫转化。
1.动词转化为名词
Let me have a try.让我试一试。
2.名词转化为动词
Have you watered the flowers 你浇花了吗
3.形容词转化为动词
The train slowed down to half its speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。
4.形容词转化为名词
They're running in the final.
他们正在进行赛跑的决赛。
5.个别词在一定场合转化为名词
This book is a must for students.
这是学生必读的一本书。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He (elbow)his way through the crowd and got on a bus quickly.
②When he was (head) to the door,his mother was (eye)
him.
elbowed
heading
eyeing
四、缩略
为了方便使用,使事物称谓中的成分进行有规律的节缩或者省略叫作缩略。
经过缩略形成的能自由运用的语言单位,叫缩略词。
英语中常用缩略词经常有以下几个方面:
1.表示各种组织或机构的缩略词
APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
亚太经贸合作组织
IOC (International Olympic Committee)
国际奥林匹克委员会
2.表示各种系统的缩略词
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)
全球移动通信系统
GPS (Global Positioning System)
全球定位系统
3.有关职务或学位的缩略词
CEO (Chief Executive Officer)
首席执行官
CFO (Chief Financial Officer)
首席财务官
4.有关金融方面的缩略词
ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)
自动取款机
GNP (Gross National Product)
国民生产总值
5.有关考试的缩略词
CET (College English Test)
大学英语等级考试
PETS (Public English Test System)
全国英语等级考试
6.其他方面的缩略词
UFO (Unidentified Flying Object)
不明飞行物
API (Air Pollution Index)
空气污染指数
语境运用
说出下列缩略词的汉语意思
①SOS
②TOEFL
③WTO
紧急呼救信号
托福考试
世界贸易组织
1.Landing on the moon's far side is (extreme) challenging.
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
2.Chinese New Year is a (celebrate)marking the end of the
winter season and the beginning of spring.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷,语法填空)
3. (certain) during the holiday period,this plant is a must.
(2020年全国Ⅱ卷,语法填空)
真题赏析
答案及剖析:
1.extremely 考查副词。修饰形容词challenging,要用副词形式extremely。
2.celebration 考查名词。因系动词后有不定冠词a,故应用名词形式celebration。
3.Certainly 考查副词。在句中修饰句子的时间状语,要用副词形式certainly。
extremely
celebration
Certainly
4.Filled with (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,语法填空)
5.In the 18th and 19th centuries, (wealth) people travelled and
collected plants,historical objects and works of art.
(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
6.Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
答案及剖析:
4.curiosity 考查名词。 在句中充当介词with的宾语,用名词形式curiosity。
5.wealthy 考查形容词。在句中充当定语,修饰名词people,用形容词形式wealthy。
6.accuracy 考查名词。 在句中充当主语,且前面有形容词修饰,故用名词形式accuracy。
curiosity
wealthy
accuracy
单句语法填空
1.The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in
London.
2.Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense
of (achieve).
3.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take
short breaks (regular).
4.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which .
(gradual) turned into chopsticks.
5.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived
from roughly 551 to 479 BC,influenced the (develop) of
chopsticks.
语法专项训练
officially
achievement
achievement
gradually
development
6.Chinese scientists have (recent) had a chance to study a
wild female panda with a newborn baby.
7.They gave money to the old people‘s home either (personal)
or through their companies.
8.Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with .
(patient).
9.Don‘t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he .
(deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
10.—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money
for a new on e
—That‘s a good (suggest).
recently
personally
patience
deliberately
suggestion
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.There were once about 200 rock (sculpt).
2. she spoke I hadn't realised she wasn't English.
3.Neither you nor he (like) this picture.
4.He is the one who always has (create) thinking.
5.The two sides have completely (oppose)ideas.
6.She grew many wonderful plants that were (familiar) to me,so
I didn't know their names.
sculptures
Until
likes
creative
opposing
unfamiliar
7.Most stars are not (invisible) to the naked eye in the
daytime.
8.Her unexpected arrival threw us into total (confusing).
9.Please fill your form quickly.
10.This book is a (reflect) of the progress in Chinese
society.
visible
confusion
in
reflection
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.If we all agree,let's (使……结束) the discussion.
2.He (烧毁了) all the old newspapers.
3.I (不知道也不关心) what had happened to him.
4. (谈到) travelling,are you going to any interesting
places this year
5.The traffic laws (直到……才生效) the end of
the year.
wind up
burned up/down
neither knew nor cared
Speaking of
don't take effect until
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French.The reason goes back to the year 1066,when Norman forces invaded(入侵) what is now Britain.The Normans were from northern France and spoke French.During the Norman occupation,French became the language of England's rulers and wealthy class.This lasted for more than 300 years.Other people in England continued to speak English during this period.
Over time,the two languages combined and shared words.Some researchers believe that about 10,000 French words eventually entered the English language.However,although English took many French words,their meanings have not always stayed the same.Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important,and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way.
Take the French word “college” for example.In English,“college” can often be used in place of the word university,or sometimes as a school within a university.However,in French,“college” actually means “middle school”,or the level of schooling for students in grades five or six through eight.
There are many other similar words in the two languages with completely different meanings.In English,the word “chat” is a verb which means “to talk casually”;but in French,the word “chat” is the word for an animal:a cat.
If an English speaker says someone is “jolly”,that means they are cheerful or friendly.But in French,“jolie” means someone is good-looking or pleasant to look at.In any case,both are nice things to say to someone.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语中存在大量法语单词的现象,解释了其原因并举例说明了一些单词在英语和法语中不同的含义。阅读本文,有利于增强学生的跨文化意识。
1.What does the author stress about the French words in English
A.Their spelling forms.
B.Their changes in history.
C.Their puzzles for English.
D.Their different meanings.
答案及剖析:
1.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第二段最后两句的内容可知,尽管英语中有许多法语单词,但它们的意思并不总是一成不变的。有时意义上的差异非常重要,如果用错了词,就会造成滑稽或奇怪的情况。由此推测,作者强调了英语中的法语单词的不同含义,故选D项。
2.What does a Frenchman mean if he says he likes a chat
A.He likes a kind of pet.
B.He wants to have a talk.
C.He hates to speak English.
D.He prefers to chat in French.
答案及剖析:
2.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段最后一句可知,如果一个法国人说他喜欢a chat,他的意思是他喜欢一种宠物,因为在法语里chat是cat(猫)的意思,故选A项。
3.What is the French word “jolie” used to do
A.Replace “jolly” in English.
B.Describe people's looks.
C.Refer to people's happiness.
D.Prove the change in French.
答案及剖析:
3.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本具体信息的能力。根据最后一段第二句可知,在法语中,jolie的意思是说某人长得好看或看上去是令人愉快的。由此可知jolie 在法语里被用来描述人的外表,故选B项。
4.What is the text mainly about
A.Comparison between two languages.
B.Difficulty in grasping English.
C.French words in English.
D.Development of English.
答案及剖析:
4.C 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。通读全文内容,并结合第一段第一句和第二段第二句可知,本文主要讲述的是“英语中的法语单词”,因此C项最具概括性。
B
The English language is different from any other language.Yet English words do not stay the same.Our language is always changing.We need new words for new inventions and new ideas.Different words come into use,or older words are used in a new way.
English can change by borrowing words from other languages.“Tomato” was borrowed from Mexico and “pajamas(睡衣)” from India.The word “coffee” came from Turkey,and “tea” came from China.Now new space and science words are being borrowed from other countries,too.
New words are also made by adding two words together.“Strawberry”,
“postman”,and “grandfather” are words made up of two parts.
Sometimes new words are shorter forms of older words.The word “photo” was made from “photograph” by cutting off the end of the longer word.“Plane” was made by cutting off the front part of “airplane”.“Smog” was made by using only the first two and last two letters from the words “smoke” and “fog”.
The names of people and products can become new words.Our sandwich was named after a man named “Sandwich”.Scotch tape,band-aid,and jello
(果冻) were names made up by the companies that first made the products.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着新发明和新思想的出现,我们需要更多新的英语单词来表达新发明和新思想,或者把旧的单词以新的方式来使用。阅读本文,有利于增强学生对英语单词形成方式的理解和跨思维转换的意识。
5.Why is the English language always changing
A.People get tired of using the same words.
B.People use words for movies and TV plays.
C.There are too many books and magazines.
D.People need words for new inventions and ideas.
答案及剖析:
5.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“We need new words for new inventions and new ideas.”可知,人们需要新的单词来表达这些新发明和新思想,故选D项。
6.What can we know from the passage
A.All new words are borrowed.
B.Words never come from company names.
C.Languages don't stay the same.
D.Old words don't change their meanings.
答案及剖析:
6.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Our language is always changing.”可知,语言是在不断变化的,不是一成不变的,故选C项。
7.Which of the following may be the best title of the passage
A.A changing language
B.English—a beautiful language
C.Names can become words
D.Different languages
答案及剖析:
7.A 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。通读全文可知,英语这种语言不是一成不变的,而是不断变化的,用A项作标题可概括文章的主要内容。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Learning a foreign language is a challenging task,1. it can also be a very enjoyable experience.Here are a few 2. (tip) on how to learn a foreign language well.Firstly,work on your own pace.You‘ll find 3. more effective to study for half an hour rather than try to do a whole unit at once.
Secondly,use language 4. (communicate).Don‘t worry about 5. (get) things wrong.The important thing is to build up your 6. (confident) in speaking.Thirdly,build up your vocabulary.You should learn vocabulary by topics or in sentences,7. is very effective.Besides,get 8. (use)to hearing everyday language at normal speed.Listening to the course recordings
9. (frequent) is a good choice.And above all,have fun 10. (learn) languages.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了学习一门外语的几种方法。阅读本文,有利于增强学生学习外语的信心,提高探索兴趣。
答案及剖析:
1.but 考查连词。分析句子的逻辑关系可知,前后句为转折关系,故用but。
2.tips 考查名词。tip为可数名词,此处被a few所修饰,故应用复数形式。
3.it 考查代词。此处it为形式宾语,动词不定式短语to study for half an hour为真正的宾语。
4.to communicate 考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语,故应用动词不定式。
5.getting 考查非谓语动词。介词about后应使用动名词形式。
6.confidence 考查名词和词性转化。形容词性物主代词your修饰名词。
7.which 考查定语从句。先行词为主句,关系词在非限制性定语从句中充当主语,故用which。
8.used 考查固定短语。get used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”。
9.frequently 考查词性转化。此处修饰动名词短语,故应用副词形式。
10.learning 考查固定短语。have fun doing表示“愉快地做某事”。(共59张PPT)
Part 2 Developing ideas,Presenting ideas,Reflection
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
写作专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与自我——跨文化沟通。主要介绍英美语言中的俗语和习语。
2.语篇类型:论坛专题讨论。
3.课文内容分析:课文介绍了四位英语学习者在语言实际应用过程中遭遇的困惑与
误解。阅读本文,有利于学生加深对英语语言多样性及其丰富的文化内涵的理解,
在学习中注意关注俚语及其文化内涵,培养跨文化意识。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
downtown
a frog in her throat
exit
ground floor
first floor
wicked
Not bad
重点词汇
1.Here are some of our favourites,to remind us that some of the English
we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the
outside world!(教材第20页)
核心知识·深入探究
In our childhood,we were often reminded by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.
在我们的童年时代,奶奶经常提醒我们注意餐桌礼仪。
以下是我们最喜欢的几篇,它们让我们意识到,有些在课堂上学到的英语和在课堂之外使用的英语真是太不一样了!
◆remind v.提醒,使……想起
Would you remind me to leave him a note
请你提醒我给他留张便条,好吗
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①That song always reminds me a certain night in Santa Cruz.
②“Remind me (buy) stamps.”“OK.”
完成句子
③旅客们请注意,本次列车禁止吸烟。
Passengers are reminded that .
on this train.
of
to buy
no smoking is allowed/smoking is not allowed
2.He told us that Maggie couldn't teach that day COZ she had a frog in
her throat.(教材第21页)
他说玛吉老师没法来上课,因为她的喉咙里卡了一只青蛙。
◆have a frog in one's throat (尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
He is hard to sing now because he has a frog in his throat.
现在他很难唱歌,因为他嗓子疼得说不出话。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①She never has time to be bored. She is always (忙忙
碌碌的) from morning to night.
②Last night, after a day's hard work, my father came home .
(累坏了).
③Whatever difficulty you will meet, you have to (面对
现实).
as busy as a bee
dog-tired
face the music
3.When I was looking for the exit,I saw that shoes were actually sold
downstairs on the ground floor,not the first floor.(教材第21页)
就在我找出口的时候,我发现鞋区是在一楼,不在二楼。
◆actually adv. 事实上,实际上
They studied the other painting and learned that it was actually Paul Gauguin's “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.”
(2020年全国Ⅱ卷,完形填空)
他们研究了另一幅画,得知这实际上是保罗·高更的《桌上的水果与小狗静物画》。
I could see them actually walking under the sea.
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解D)
我能看到他们在海底行走。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
① actual fact,there is not much evidence to support it.
②Jones was shocked when she said that she didn’t (actual)
mind being cheated.(2020年天津卷,完形填空)
③The building looked as impressive in (actual) as it did in
photographs.
In
actually
actuality
4.I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in
England and my university in China.(教材第21页)
我在中国上的大学和英国一所大学有一个交换项目,我作为交换生到英国学习。
◆exchange n. (学生、教师等的)互访,交换
I'm only here for one term.I'm on an exchange with Dr Fisher.
我只在这儿待一个学期,与费舍尔博士互换。
Exchange is sometimes an other kind of communication.
交换有时是另外一种交流方式。
归纳拓展
巧学助记
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Where can I exchange my dollars pounds
②I exchanged seats Bill.
完成句子
③He gave me an apple (为了交换) a piece of cake.
for
with
in exchange for
5.I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a
positive comment.(教材第21页)
我知道自己写得很好,也期待着老师积极的评价。
◆look forward to 期待;盼望
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
我期盼早点得到你的回信。
He is looking forward to visiting the Great Wall again.他盼着能再游长城。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
look forward to 中to 是介词,后面跟动词时需用v.-ing形式。
语境运用
完成句子
①I'd like you to (浏览) these photographs and try to pick out
the man you saw.
②The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的),an aging writer .
(回忆) an ambitious yet simpler time.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B)
③In (调查) the stories of biological discovery,I also began to find
something else,a collection of scientists,usually brilliant occasionally
half-mad,who made the discoveries.(2020年江苏卷,阅读理解D)
④While libraries still loan out(出借) books,you'll find it easier to get a copy
of whatever you're (寻找),thanks to a cooperative network of area
libraries.(2020年天津7月卷,阅读理解A)
⑤We have (看) our planet from every angle and found all of the
wildest things left to find.(2020年江苏卷,阅读理解D)
look through
looking back on
looking into
looking for
looked at
重点句式
1.Here are some of our favourites,to remind us that some of the English
we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the
outside world!(教材第20页)
以下是我们最喜欢的几篇,它们让我们意识到,有些在课堂上学到的英语和在课堂
之外使用的英语真是太不一样了!
◆Here引导的全部倒装结构。
Here are a few tips to help you make your first impression.
这是帮你留下第一印象的一些提示。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
以here、there、in、out、up、down、under、away、back、now、then等副词开头的句子,如果主语是名词,常用全部倒装。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①There (lie) a large wheat field in front of the house.
②Under the table (be) three white cats.
③In (come) the teacher and the class began.
lies
are
came
2.The British must have really high standards.(教材第21页)
英国人的标准一定很高很高。
◆must表示推测。
You must be hungry after all that walking.
走了这么远的路,你一定饿了吧。
归纳拓展
语境运用
语境选词填空
①Look at the clothes!He (must be∕must do) a soldier.
②I'm sorry,but she's not here.She (must leave∕must have
left) already.
③Look at the clock.He (must be sleeping∕must sleep)
now.
must be
must have left
must be sleeping
长难句分析
When I was looking for the exit,I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor,not the first floor.(教材第21页)
就在我找出口的时候,我发现鞋区是在一楼,不在二楼。
本句是个主从复合句,when 引导时间状语从句,I saw...floor 是主句,其中that 引导宾语从句。
备用讲义
1.One day,a different teacher took our class.(教材第21页)有一天,另外一
位老师来给我们代课。
◆take one's class给某人上课
Yesterday,Mr Li took our class.昨天,李老师给我们上的课。
归纳拓展
2.He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked”.(教材第21页)
他以前跟我说他的爷爷“很邪恶”。
◆wicked adj. 缺德的;邪恶的;很棒的;极好的
She had a wicked sense of humour.她有种古灵精怪的幽默感。
These are stories about a wicked witch.这是些关于邪恶女巫的故事。
This song is wicked.这首歌太棒了。
3.英美楼层的不同表达
写作专项指导
Writing a story about a misunderstanding in English
文本解读
1.文体类型:看图作文故事类,属于记叙文范畴,常用于对人物的经历和事件的发展的叙述描写。
2.要点内容:一个交换生生活在一个英国家庭,第一次吃toad-in-the-hole的有趣经历。
思路指引
实用表达
短篇故事首段常用句式:
There was an interesting experience/story happening in...,which I still remember now.
It was a beautiful day and the sun was shining.
Up to now,I still remember one interesting/terrible/embarrassing thing which happened years ago.
短篇故事中段常用句式:
To begin with,he told us that it was important/ interesting to do...
Seeing us puzzled,he gave us further explanation about...
When we realised that we had understood/ misunderstood...,we couldn't help...
短篇故事尾段常用句式:
It turns out that...
Since then I have worked hard at...
I secretly swore that I would...
佳作建构
假设你是振兴中学的学生李华,你的同学英国交流生Jonathan学汉语很长时间了,但是仍然有疑惑。今天你要带他去吃“驴打滚儿”和“蚂蚁上树”,他吓坏了,但吃后却爱上了它们。请用一则故事叙述今天发生的事。
注意:词数为80个左右。
参考词汇:小吃snack、驴子donkey、打滚roll、蚂蚁ant
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. n.类型,种类
2. adj.独一无二的,独特的
3. adj.奇怪的,古怪的
4. v.显示,反映
5. 做某事有困难
6. 花费时间做
7. 想起
type
unique
odd
reflect
have trouble doing
spend time doing
think of
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
完成句子
1.Jonathan学习汉语很长时间了,但他在理解中国小吃的方面有点困难。
Jonathan has been learning Chinese for a long time,but he .
Chinese snacks.
2.他喜欢吃各种面食,比如饺子。
He likes to eat wheaten food,such as dumplings.
3.他害怕某些独特又奇怪的中国小吃名字。
He is afraid of some of Chinese snacks.
has trouble
understanding
all types of
strange and odd names
4.我花了很长时间才说服他尝一尝。
I him to have a try.
5.这些中国食物的名字让他想起一些不好的东西。
These names of Chinese foods let him .
6.我喜欢这些中国小吃的名字,因为它们反映了中国人的智慧。(reflect)
I like these names of Chinese snacks because they .
Chinese people.
spent a long time persuading
think of something bad
reflect the wisdom of
1.使用使役结构get sb.doing sth.改写第Ⅱ题中第5题的句子,使句式丰富而不单调。
These names of Chinese foods got him thinking of something bad.
亮点提升
2.使用非限制性定语从句将第Ⅱ题中第6题的前后两句合并,提升句子结构层次。
I like these names of Chinese snacks,which reflect the wisdom of Chinese people.
范文展示
My friend Jonathan is a British exchange student,living in China.He has been learning Chinese for a long time,but he has trouble understanding Chinese snacks.He likes to eat all types of wheaten food,such as dumplings.However,he is afraid of some strange and odd names of Chinese snacks.Today,I asked him to taste lvdaguner and mayishangshu,which really scared him.He told me these names of Chinese foods got him thinking of something bad.I spent a long time persuading him to have a try.
After eating,he fell in love with them.I like these names of Chinese snacks,which reflect the wisdom of Chinese people.
写作练习
假设你是李华,你和你的同学被邀请参加Fred的生日聚会。所有的菜都端上来
后,Fred告诉你们他有更大的鱼要炒(have bigger fish to fry)。
请根据以上信息,用英语编写一个故事。
提示:Having bigger fish to fry in English means having something more important to do.
注意:词数为80个左右。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Yesterday was my classmate and friend Fred's birthday and I was invited to have dinner at his home with some other classmates.
When we arrived,he had prepared all the food for us.We expressed our best wishes to him and presented him with our small gifts.Then we sat around the table,enjoying the delicious food.A few minutes later,Fred got up from his seat and answered a call.Returning to the table,he told us that he had bigger fish to fry and asked us to wait a moment.We all expected him to bring us some fish when he returned.However,he came back with nothing soon.I asked where the fish was,which made him very confused.Suddenly,he was awared that I misunderstood him,so he explained to us that having bigger fish to fry means having something more important to do in English.We all laughed and continued our dinner.
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Different stages of sleep (actual) give you different types
of brain and body benefits.
2.In (add),the tuition is too high for their families to pay
for.
3.It is important that students develop an (aware) of how the
Internet can be used.
4.The incident served as a timely (remind) of just how
dangerous mountaineering can be.
actually
addition
awareness
reminder
5.Our city has changed beyond all (recognise) in the past 20
years,a completely new one in front of me.
6.I came with the (intend) of staying,but now I've decided to
leave.
7.In my diary,I set down a series of things that are all (base)
on facts.
8.I now look forward to (go) back to work as soon as possible.
9.Employees provide services to the company they work for in exchange
pay.
10.I came an old friend of mine yesterday when I was hanging
out.
recognition
intention
based
going
for
across
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.We are all (盼望着) the long holiday for National
Day.
2.I'm well (了解) the risks.
3.He can't speak because (他嗓子疼).
4.The film is (以……为基础) a real-life incident.
5.Mother (提醒我) go to school.
looking forward to
aware of
he has a frog in his throat
based on
reminded me to
话题延伸·素养升华
阅读理解
A
These people are studying English.However,they are now facing some problems.
I am Pablo.I work 50 hours a week as a taxi driver,so I talk to people all day.They understand me,but I know I make a lot of mistakes.No one corrects me.My vocabulary is strong.Grammar is my problem.I'm trying to change little by little.For example,I don't use the past tense(时
态).I always say,“I drive him to the office this morning” instead of “I drove him to the office this morning”.
My name is Maria Luisa.I'm teaching myself English,and I'm good at grammar.
However,it's really difficult to find ways to practise English.I live in an area where everyone speaks my language.My neighbours and friends speak Spanish.I can speak Spanish in the supermarket and at the post office.
I am Li Ping.I understand the grammar and the readings in my class and I think my writing is good,but I'm very nervous when I speak English.I don't want to make any mistakes because I'm afraid people will think that I'm stupid.Also,my pronunciation isn't good.When I speak,people often say,“What Say that again.”
I am Yoshi.I have been in the United States for one year.I'm studying hard and I know grammar well,but the vocabulary is very difficult.When I listen,I don't understand many of the words.When I try to read,there are three or four new words in every sentence.I feel discouraged.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章分别讲述了Pablo、Maria Luisa、Li Ping和Yoshi四人在学习英语的过程中碰到的不同问题。阅读本文,有利于帮助学生正确认识和对待在英语学习中遇到的问题,促进语言学习。
1.Who may say,“I go to bed late last night”
A.Yoshi. B.Maria Luisa.
C.Li Ping. D.Pablo.
答案及剖析:
1.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第二段中的“For example,I don't...instead of ‘I drove him to the office this morning'.”可知,Pablo不会使用过去时,题干中“I go to bed late last night”属于时态错误,故选D项。
2.What would be the best advice for Maria Luisa
A.Try to have a wide vocabulary.
B.Develop a good knowledge of grammar.
C.Make friends with English-speaking people.
D.Read as many English books as possible.
答案及剖析:
2.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段中的内容可知,Maria Luisa没有讲英语的环境,因为她的邻居和朋友都讲西班牙语。所以建议让她和讲英语的人交朋友,创造练习英语的机会,故选C项。
3.Why do people find it hard to understand Li Ping's English
A.She speaks at a very fast speed.
B.She can't pronounce words in English correctly.
C.Her grammar is terrible.
D.Her voice is very low.
答案及剖析:
3.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第四段中的“Also,my pronunciation isn't good.When I speak,people often say,
‘What Say that again.’”可知,李萍的发音很差,这是人们觉得很难听懂她说的英语的原因,故选B项。
4.What can we learn about Yoshi
A.He has a very small vocabulary.
B.He was born in the United States.
C.He has learned English for years.
D.He is very good at listening.
答案及剖析:
4.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“I'm studying hard and I know grammar well,but the vocabulary is very difficult.”可知,Yoshi的问题是词汇量少,故选A项。
B
People from Britain and Ireland first came to live in Australia in 1788.They brought different dialects(方言) of English with them.These different kinds of English began to mix and change.The newcomers soon began to speak with their own typical accent(口音) and vocabulary.More and more people came to Australia during the Gold Rush in the 19th and 20th centuries.Some came from Britain and Ireland;others came from non-English speaking countries.Australian English continued to grow and change.
Australian English has also been influenced by American English.
American television shows and music have been popular in Australia since the 1950s.
Australians use many words that other English speakers do not use.The famous Australian greeting,for example,is “G'day”! A native forest is called the “bush” and central Australia is called the “outback”.Many words were brought to Australia from Britain and Ireland.For example,
“mate” means “friend”,and it is still used in Britain.Some of these words have changed in meaning.Some words have come from Australian original languages,many of which are names for animals,plants and places,like “dingo” and “kangaroo”.
Australian spelling comes from British spelling.In words like “organise” and “realise”,“-ise” is the expected and taught spelling method.In words like “colour”,“favourite”,“-our” is the normal,but nouns such as the “Labor Party” and “Victor Harbor” are spelled with “-or”.“Program”,on the other hand,is more common than “programme”.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了澳大利亚英语的发展历史及其特点。阅读本文,有助于学生了解澳大利亚英语的发展历史,拓宽知识面,促进语言文化的学习。
There are also differences in the definition (定义) of words Australians use in different parts of the country.For example,“football” means “rugby” in New South Wales and Queensland,but “Australian rules football” in everywhere else in Australia.In New South Wales,a swimming costume is called a “cossie” or “swimmers”,while in Queensland it is called “togs” and “bathers” in Victoria.
5.According to the passage,which of the following is spoken only by
Australians
A.Mate. B.Outback.
C.Program. D.Rugby.
答案及剖析:
5.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第三段中的“A native forest is...called the outback.”可知,outback仅有澳大利亚人说,故选B项。
6.What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A.The same word might have different meanings in different parts of
Australia.
B.There are different expressions about sports in Australia.
C.Australian rules football is the most popular sport in Australia.
D.Australians are fond of sports and games.
答案及剖析:
6.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“There are also...parts of the country.”以及下文所举的例子可知,同一个词在澳大利亚的不同地区可能有不同的意思,故选A项。
7.What might be the best title for the text
A.The history of Australia
B.The development of Australian English
C.The birth of Australian English
D.Different kinds of English across the world
答案及剖析:
7.B 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。综合全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了澳大利亚英语的发展历史及其特点。B项切题,故选B项。
