(共76张PPT)
Unit 6 At one with nature
头脑风暴·思维发散
People believe that everything on this earth lives together and can be used respectfully.By living in harmony with nature,you not only make your environment more hospitable,but also help renew the resources available.
We are related to the world family.Everyone has a part to play in the big picture,and we could not exist without all the players.Below are some pictures about people living in harmony with nature,can you come up with more examples
Part 1 Starting out,Understanding ideas,Using language
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
语法专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与自然——龙脊梯田。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:文章介绍了位于广西壮族自治区桂林市龙胜各族自治县的龙脊梯
田,描绘了龙脊梯田在不同季节的美景,讲述了当地少数民族建造梯田的原因,介
绍了梯田的运作原理。阅读本文,有利于学生了解人类对自然的合理利用与改造,
体会当地人民与自然的和谐相处,熟悉当地人的环保观念。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
wrapped
sheets
prevent
vapour
in harmony with
provide
is passed down
thousands of
for
from
重点词汇
1.How is your life influenced by it (教材第61页)
你的生活是如何受其影响的
◆influence vt.影响,感化
n.影响,感化力;产生影响的人/事物
核心知识·深入探究
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读D)
根据《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究,我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的食量。
Of course,our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of
reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors.
(2020年浙江卷,阅读理解C)
当然,随着年龄的增长,我们的大脑会衰退,原因有很多,包括其他环境影响或遗传
因素。
归纳拓展
词语辨析
affect与influence
这两个词的共同意思是“影响”,其区别是:
(1)affect着重指一时的“影响”, 而influence则往往指对行为、性格、观点等
较长时间的、潜移默化的“影响”。
(2)表示“不良影响”时只能用affect,不能用influence。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The haze weather yesterday (influence) them to finish the
task on time.
②To test the effect of social influence eating habits,the
researchers conducted two experiments.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读D)
influenced
on
2.These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people,to whom
Guangxi is home.(教材第62页)
龙脊梯田的建造者是广西当地的壮族和瑶族居民。
◆be home to是……的所在地∕聚集地
His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空)
他的努力使1360英亩的自然生长的土地成为许多动植物的家园。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Australia is said to be home some certain special plants and
animals.
②When you’re here,please make yourself home.
③India is the home elephants and tigers.
to
at
of
3.Reaching as far as the eye can see,these terraces cover tall mountains,
often from the bottom to the very top.(教材第62页)
目之所及,梯田包裹着巍峨的高山,往往从山脚一直盘绕到山顶。
◆as far as the eye can see一望无际,就视力所能及
The plains stretch for as far as the eye could see.
平原一望无际。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
① (在我看来),we will win the fight against
pollution.
② (据我所知),there are still many families
in poverty in remote areas.
③ (依我看),you’ve done nothing wrong.
As far as I’m concerned
As far as I know
As far as I can see
4.The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being
washed away.(教材第63页)
水平的梯田能够储存雨水,防止土壤流失。
◆prevent sb.∕sth.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事∕防止某事发生
It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.(2020年天津卷,完形填空)
它可以防止与社会隔绝的人成为骗子的受害者。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Drivers who park their cars illegally,particularly (prevent)
traffic flow,should be punished.
②That quarrel didn’t prevent us (get) on very well
together.
③We must try to prevent our environment from (pollute).
preventing
(from) getting
being polluted
5.But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have
worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
(教材第63页)
但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。
◆in harmony with(感情、思想等)与……一致∕和睦∕融洽
Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.
你的建议与本项目的目标不符。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①We should bear in mind that social development and balance of nature
should go harmony.
②The native Canadians lived in harmony nature,for they
respected nature as a provider of life.
③It is a (harmony)community where pupils are happy and
industrious.
in
with
harmonious
6.The terraces are cleverly designed,with hundreds of waterways that
connect with each other.(教材第63页)
这些梯田设计巧妙,其间有几百条相互连通的水渠。
◆design vt.设计(服装、建筑、机械等)
n.图案;设计图
They wanted to design a machine that was both attractive and practical.
他们想设计一种既美观又实用的机器。
When my mother saw my creations,she told me how creative my designs were.(2020年浙江卷,七选五)
当我妈妈看到我的作品时,她告诉我我的设计非常有创意。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①They (design)by Giles Gilbert Scott,the architect of
the Battersea Power Station in London.(2020年江苏卷,阅读理解B)
完成句子
②We shall never know whether this happened by accident or (有
意地).
③It is reported that some experts (已经设计) a new car
without using energy.
were designed
by design
have designed
7.This knowledge is passed down through families,which means that new
generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain
the terraces.(教材第63页)
这种认识通过家族代代相传,子孙后代一直沿用古老的农耕方式维持着梯田的运作。
◆pass sth.down把……一代传一代,使流传
This ring has been passed down in my family.
这枚戒指是我家祖传下来的。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①In some minorities,people often use folk songs to (传承)
their history.
②That taught me a valuable lesson and I (把它传给)the
people who work in the market.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,完形填空)
③Will you be (经过) the supermarket on your way home
pass down
pass it on to
passing by
8.Today,the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come
to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working
together.(教材第63页)
今天,成千上万的游客慕名而来,欣赏这由人与自然共同创造的壮丽奇观。
(1)attract vt.吸引;引起……的注意∕兴趣
The story has attracted a lot of interest from the media.
这则报道引起了媒体的广泛关注。
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors.
(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
许多博物馆都是生机勃勃的地方,吸引了很多游客。
归纳拓展
温馨提示 attraction表示“吸引力”时,为不可数名词;表示“吸引人的事物”时,为可数名词。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The beautiful beach is the island’s main (attract).
②A few years later,still (attract)to the country,he
returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of
the Aral Sea.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读C)
③This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores
because it offers a new way (attract) customers.
(2020年江苏卷,阅读理解C)
attraction
attracted
to attract
(2)admire vt.钦佩,赞美,羡慕,欣赏,观赏
We stopped near the river to admire the view.
我们停在河边观赏风景。
He admired the way she had coped with life.
他欣赏她处世的方式。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①She admired him his poems.
②For me,I usually sit in the yard, (admire) the full moon with
my family.
③In Samarkand,Mr Bissell (admire)the architectural wonders,
while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when
suspected of drug dealing.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读C)
for
admiring
admires
重点句式
But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.(教材第63页)
但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。
◆what引导主语从句
What they need is a good textbook.
他们需要的是一本好课本。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
① will be chosen to attend the meeting is not decided.
② he said and did benefited people greatly.
③ breaks the law must be punished.
Who
What
Whoever
长难句分析
1.But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have
worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.(教
材第63页)
但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。
该句子为主从复合句。what is most significant是主语从句,in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice是定语从句,修饰先行词the way。
2.Although modern technology could help produce more crops,these
terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold
much value.(教材第63页)
尽管现代科技有助于提高农作物的产量,但对珍视传统的当地人来说,这些梯田依然具有重要的意义。
该句子为主从复合句。Although modern technology could help produce more crops为让步状语从句,主句中for whom traditions hold much value为定语从句,修饰先行词people。
备用讲义
1.Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water,shining in the spring sun.
(教材第62页)
想象一下:春日,群山被银白色的水田包裹,在阳光下闪闪发光。
句中wrapped in silver water为过去分词短语作后置定语,与所修饰的名词存在被动关系。wrap此处为及物动词,意为“(用纸、布等)包,裹”。
Harry had carefully bought and wrapped presents for Mark to give them.
哈利精心购置了礼物又仔细包好,让马克交给他们。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①What’s the language (speak) in that country
②Is there anything (plan) for tonight
spoken
planned
2.The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour.(教材第63页)
水分经太阳蒸发成为水蒸气。
◆heat v.加热;使升温
n.热;高温天气
Just heat up the food in the microwave.把食物放在微波炉里热热就行了。
Its leaves drooped a little in the fierce heat of the sun.它的叶子在灼热的阳光下微微耷拉着。
语境运用
完成句子
①He could feel (太阳照射在背上的热力).
② (把油烧热后) and add the onions.
the heat of the sun on his back
Heat the Oil
3.This knowledge is passed down through families,which means that new
generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain
the terraces.(教材第63页)
这种认识通过家族代代相传,后代子孙一直沿用古老的农耕方式维持着梯田的运作。
◆maintain v.维修,保养;维持;保持
The house costs a fortune to maintain.维修这幢房子花销不菲。
Push yourself to make friends and to maintain the friendships.要求自己与人交友并保持友谊。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①How much does it cost (maintain) this house
② (maintain) properly,a car can be used for many years.
to maintain
Maintained
语法专项指导
定语从句(3):“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
语法原句再现
①These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people,to whom
Guangxi is home.
②This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain
terraces once again.
③Although modern technology could help produce more crops,these
terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold
much value.
以上句子中都包含一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
1.简单介词+关系代词
在这种结构中,关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which。介词的选择主要是根据其与从句中相关的动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配而定,或者根据先行词与从句中动词的关系而定,或者根据先行词在定语从句中的作用而定。
1949 was the year in which the People’s Republic of China was founded.(in与the year搭配)
中华人民共和国是在1949年成立的。
Do you know the man to whom I spoke just now (to与spoke搭配)
你认识刚才和我讲话的那个人吗
2.简单介词+关系代词+名词
Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from whose effects the people are still suffering.
上个月,东南亚局部受洪水袭击。如今,人们仍在遭受洪水的影响。
3.the+名词+of+关系代词
该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替,非正式文体中可以用“of which the+名词”。
The man pulled out a gold watch,the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
那个人拿出一块金表,表的指针是用小钻石做成的。
The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,of which the sailing time was 226 days.
这位老水手的环球旅行历时9个月,其中有226天是航行时间。
4.表示整体或部分的词语+of+关系代词
表示整体或部分的常见词语有不定代词all、both、none、neither、either、some、any,数词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数),“数词+名词”,“the+最高级∕比较级”和表示数量的词语many、most、few、several、enough、half、a quarter等。
The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,most of which are beyond our control.
一种植物的生长速度受很多因素的影响,其中大多数的因素是我们控制不了的。
语境运用
用“介词+关系代词”完成句子
①Is that the newspaper you often write articles
②This is the house,the window was broken last night.
for which
of which
1.Many lessons are now available online, which students can
choose for free.(2020年江苏卷)
2.Dr Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all
his own typing.(2020年天津卷)
真题赏析
答案及剖析:
1.from 考查介词。表示“从……中选择”用choose from,故此处用介词from。
2.whose 考查定语从句。从句中缺少定语,故用whose。
from
whose
3.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) which
one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
(2019年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C)
4.The man-on-the-street interview is an interview which a
reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the
spot.(2017年浙江卷,七选五)
答案及剖析:
3.with 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,“ which one types”是定语从句,先行词是the cadence, 在从句中作宾语,表示“伴随着节奏”,one types with the cadence。故用介词with加关系代词which来引导定语从句。
4.in 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,an interview后为定语从句,关系代词前缺少介词;表示“在采访过程中”用介词in。
with
in
5.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of purposes
is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017年江苏卷)
答案及剖析:
5.whose 考查定语从句。从句中缺少定语,故填whose。
whose
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The boy you talked is my friend.
2.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school
education depends.
3.It was a crisis she was totally unprepared.
4.I have no idea I should write.
5.The school he once studied is very famous.
语法专项训练
with whom
which
for which
to whom
in which
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.他递给我一支钢笔,我用它记下了他的电话号码。
He handed me a pen his phone number.
2.汽车撞上了一群中学生,其中两人立即被送往医院。
The car ran into a crowd of middle school students, .
to hospital immediately.
3.她领着参观者参观了这个花了三年多的时间才建造完成的博物馆。
She showed the visitors around the museum, .
had taken more than three years.
4.许多年轻人,其中大多数受过良好教育,前往偏远地区追逐梦想。
Many young people, ,headed for remote
regions to chase their dreams.
5.我最近买了两本书,这两本书都无法引起我哥哥的兴趣。
I have bought two books recently, my brother.
with which I wrote down
two of whom were
sent
the construction of which
most of whom were well-educated
neither of which interests
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.How can we prevent the clean water from (pollute) by
the neighbouring factories
2.Human beings are getting to know how to live in harmony nature.
3.What first (attract) me to her was her sense of humour.
4.Every year thousands of tourists climb the Mountain Tai to enjoy the
(beautiful).
being polluted
with
attracted
beauty
5.He had a sound knowledge of Chinese history,geography,society and
culture,like,what is called,a (live) dictionary.
6.These works stand beyond (region) and ethnic groups.
7.We all believe exposure to noise pollution can have a direct influence
our health.
8.Nowadays, (consume) want more information about the products
they buy.
9.The speech made by a professor is of great (significant)
to all of us.
10.The method is (design)for use in small groups.
living
regions
on
consumers
significance
designed
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.We all know that Sichuan (是……的栖息地) giant
pandas.
2. (目光所及),there are countless tourists
along the Great Wall.
3.He (费如此大的力气) to save his business but
in vain at last.
4.Recycled goods go to a recycling center,where they can .
(变为)new cans,bottles,and paper.
5.Owls (以……为食) mice and other small animals.
is home to
As far as the eye can see
went to so much trouble
be turned into
feed on
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Gardening is popular in many parts of the world.This outdoor activity gives us beautiful plants,pleasant smelling flowers and fresh fruits and vegetables.But it also does a lot of good to our health.
Gardening connects people.When you are gardening,you are outdoors.So it is a perfect chance to meet and spend time with your neighbours.Most people love to talk about their hobbies,and gardeners are no different.They usually enjoy showing people what they are growing.And most enjoy sharing advice and stories about their gardens almost as much as sharing flowers and vegetables from their gardens.
Gardening is a great activity for children.It gets them outdoors and off computers,televisions and cell phones.Gardening is also a great teacher.It can teach a child about where food comes from and healthy eating.It also helps them to understand that the natural resources(资源) are not inexhaustible and the importance of using them carefully.
Then,when you garden,you must move around.All the different movements needed for gardening,like bending and lifting,work small muscles(肌肉)in the body.And you can easily get good exercise when you are digging holes or pulling grasses.
In a study,researches looked at more than 2,800 people over the age of 60.They studied their lifestyle habits,activities and health over a 16-year period.They found that gardening could lower the risk of future dementia(痴呆) by 36%.Gardening requires people do many repeated actions,such as picking off dying flowers.These actions have a calming influence on the brain.The brain is still active but not in the same way when we use computers.
You’ll feel wonderful when what you grow in a garden looks,smells,
feels and tastes good.
语篇导读:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了园艺的好处。阅读本文,有利于培养学生对待园艺的正确态度以及增强学生热爱自然、热爱劳动的意识。
1.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A.Gardeners don’t feel lonely.
B.Gardeners are fond of sharing.
C.Gardeners have many hobbies.
D.Gardeners care about the environment.
答案及剖析:
1.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段第一句以及下文的叙述可知,园艺使人们相互沟通交流,所以他们不会感到孤独。
2.What does the underlined word “inexhaustible” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Useless.
B.Special.
C.Endless.
D.Cheap.
答案及剖析:
2.C 词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词义的能力。根据下文“the importance of using them carefully”的叙述可知,要懂得珍惜利用自然资源的重要性,说明自然资源不是无穷尽的,inexhaustible表示“无穷尽的,用之不竭的”,故C项正确。
3.What is the study used to show in the fifth paragraph
A.Gardening is popular with the old.
B.Gardening is good for health.
C.Gardening can be a tiring activity.
D.Gardening is better than playing computers.
答案及剖析:
3.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。本段通过研究数据说明,园艺可以降低痴呆发生的概率,保持大脑的活跃性,进而推断出园艺有助于健康,故选B项。
B
How crowded your neighbourhood is can affect the health of our planet,a new study finds.Scientists measured the effect that people have on the environment using a carbon footprint.That footprint reflects the amount of carbon dioxide—a greenhouse gas—that is sent into the atmosphere because of people’s daily activities.
Carbon footprints tend to be low for citizens.Living in a suburb(郊区) outside a city,however,can be opposite(相反的).
People living in city centres have low carbon footprints,the researchers found.“It is much easier to have a low carbon effect if your home is close to where you work,shop and play,” explains Jones.Living within walking or biking distance cuts back on the amount of carbon dioxide compared with moving people by cars.And cities with bus and subway networks allow people to travel great distances while keeping the amount of greenhouse gases low.
Not everyone can afford to live in the city,however.Suburbs offer more space,allowing people to build larger homes.Suburbs may offer better schools to kids.But those homes are usually far away from where their owners work,play or learn.So people who live in suburbs often drive long distances.
The average household in a large city sends out about 40 tons of carbon dioxide per year.The average suburban household,however,sends out close to 50 tons of carbon dioxide per year.
The new findings are an important contribution to climate research.
They would give scientists a better feel for how culture might mix with locations to influence our carbon footprints.
You may not have any control over the location of your home.Still,
everyone can take steps to shrink their carbon footprints.That’s because how much we pollute is influenced not just by where we live,but also by how we live.
To shrink your footprint,start small.Turn off lights when they’re not in use.Recycle or reuse things instead of throwing them away.And as people get used to making small changes,the leap to bigger ones will get easier.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最新研究发现:城市居民更容易产生较低的碳排放量,从而有利于环保。阅读本文,有利于促进学生对科研发展的了解,提升学生的环保意识。
4.Why do people living in suburbs have higher carbon footprints
A.Because they often drive to work,play or do other things.
B.Because their homes take up too much space.
C.Because they often use buses and subways to travel great distances.
D.Because they have to send their kids to schools by car.
答案及剖析:
4.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第四段最后一句“So people...distances”可见,住在郊区的人们出行往往会选择开车,以便工作、游玩或做其他事情,因而更易产生碳排放量。
5.How are Paragraphs 3 to 5 mainly developed
A.By giving examples.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By following time order.
D.By explaining processes.
答案及剖析:
5.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。文章第三段分析了住在城市的人易产生低碳排放量的原因,第四段分析了住在郊区的人易产生高碳排放量的原因,两段形成对比;第五段则对比了城市和郊区各自的年碳排放量。由此可知这三段主要是通过做比较来完成的。
6.What can we infer from the passage
A.The same situation in the US applies to other countries around the
world.
B.Culture plays an important role in influencing the environment.
C.Any process of making new products may pollute the environment.
D.One’s small step can make a big difference to the environment.
答案及剖析:
6.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章最后一句“And as people get...easier”可知,当人们习惯于做出小的改变时,向大的进步跳跃将变得更容易。可见,我们应当从小事做起,减少碳排放,任何小事都能对环境有大的影响。
7.From which part of a website could this passage probably be taken
A.Health. B.Sports.
C.Culture. D.Environment.
答案及剖析:
7.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。通读全文可知,文章主要阐述城市居民更容易产生较低的碳排放量,从而有利于环保的理论,故最有可能选自环境版块。
Ⅱ.语法填空
My friend had a chance to make a trip to Hong Kong,China 1. 15 August,2018.He had dreamed about 2. (visit) it since his boyhood and it was the first time that he 3. (be)there.The following was what he had seen.
4. (arrive) there,he was impressed by its beautiful scenery and tall buildings.As we all know,Hong Kong has the 5. (many)skyscrapers(摩天大厦)in the world.Wherever he went,he saw many smiling faces.People in Hong Kong were kind,generous,easy-going and ready to help 6. (other).Much to his surprise,he saw that people there always kept order in public places.Though a great number of people 7. (wait) for the next train at the subway station,they were talking in such a low voice as not 8. (disturb) others.
Both Chinese and English are 9. (wide)used in markets and service centres.
Staying there for a week was a good experience for him,10. he would never forget.
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章介绍了作者的朋友一直梦寐以求的中国香港游终于到来。一踏上香港的土地,他就被香港的美景所震撼,香港市民的友好热情也给他留下了深刻的印象。阅读本文,有利于培养学生乐于助人、待人友善的优良品质。
答案及剖析:
1.on 考查介词。具体的日期前应用介词on。
2.visiting 考查非谓语动词。介词about后接动名词作宾语。
3.had been 考查时态。“It was the first time that sb.had done...”为固定句型,意为“这是某人第一次做……”,故填had been。
4.Arriving 考查非谓语动词。arrive与其逻辑主语he之间为主动关系,故用现在分词,在句中作状语。
5.most 考查形容词。由句中的定冠词the和in the world可推断,此处指“香港有全世界最多的摩天大厦”,故用最高级形式。
6.others 考查代词。此处意为“香港人乐于助人”,故用不定代词,泛指其他人,故填others。
7.were waiting 考查时态和主谓一致。分析语境可知,此处指“很多人正在地铁站等待下一班地铁”,可判断此处应用过去进行时;“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,故填were waiting。
8.to disturb 考查非谓语动词。此处表示“为了不影响他人,他们以如此小的声音说话”,故用动词不定式作目的状语。
9.widely 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。
10.which 考查关系代词。所填词引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作宾语,先行词是experience,故应填which。(共68张PPT)
Part 2 Developing ideas,Presenting ideas,Reflection
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
写作专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与自然——园艺。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:文章介绍了英国人对园艺的热爱。阅读本文,有利于学生对园艺
的益处产生更为深刻的认识,还会促使他们主动做一些具有建设性和创造性的事
情。“当你种下玫瑰,蓟草就不会生长。”当你在心里装满了爱与美好,你就不
会感到悲伤和憎恨。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
A Love of Gardening
to be built
beauty
into
greener
improving
nature
beautiful
重点词汇
1.Today,millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”,
with around half the population spending their free time gardening.
(教材第68页)
今天,数以百万的英国人喜欢说他们有“绿手指”(意为擅长园艺),约有一半的
英国人都把空闲时间用在打理花园上。
◆green fingers高超的种植技能
核心知识·深入探究
My father has green fingers.Whatever he plants seems to flourish.
我的父亲特别有园艺天赋。无论他种什么,似乎都长得很旺盛。
Orchids can be a real challenge to look after at home,even for people with green fingers.
在家种养兰花可是件充满挑战的事情,就算是园艺技术高手也面临同样的问题。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①We are (新手),so we must learn from the old skilled
technicians.
②I’m (眼红)when I go to their company and see their
facilities.
③If I (会种花),I will plant a lot of roses in my
garden.
green hands
green with envy
have a green thumb
2.Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses,and others spend
hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions.(教
材第68页)
高明的园丁对于花园里哪个角落最适合种玫瑰都了如指掌,其他人则花费大量时间
力图种出最完美的蔬菜参加竞赛。
(1)enter into参与,投入;开始讨论
Finally the whole class entered into the discussion.
最后全班都参加了这一讨论。
They entered into the spirit of the occasion.
他们开始感受到了节庆的气氛。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Phyllis entered the examination without any hope at all of
passing.
②On entering the battle,he forgot his wound.
③His wife secretly entered (she)for the championship.
for
into
herself
(2)spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事
Lucy spends all her free time painting.
露西把所有的空余时间都用来绘画。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉)
technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of
dollars technology that records an actor’s performance and
later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图
像).(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解B)
②Tom spends his summer holiday (travel)the
world.
③It takes me three hours (finish)the work.
on
traveling∕travelling
to finish
3.One recent idea has been to turn rooftops and walls into private
gardens.(教材第69页)
近期的一个理念是将屋顶和墙壁改造为私人花园。
◆turn...into...把……变成……
The technology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
斯特拉诺说,这项技术有一天可以用来照亮房间,甚至可以把树变成自动供电的路灯。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①Don’t forget to (关灯)the lights when there is nobody
in the room in order to save energy.
② (调低) the music,for the students in the school are
having a test.
③You can (求助于) your teachers when you are in trouble.
turn off
Turn down
turn to
4.What other free-time activity allows you to be at one with nature and
create more beautiful living things (教材第69页)
还有什么其他业余活动能让你在享受自然的同时创造出更美丽的生物呢
◆at one with与……成为一体
This is a place where you can feel at one with nature.
这是一个能让你感到与大自然融为一体的地方。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He never felt really at peace himself.
②She felt as she always did in these mountains:peaceful,without care,
at one nature.
with
with
5.And if you’re in any doubt about this,take a moment to reflect on this
line from The Secret Garden: “Where you tend a rose...A thistle cannot
grow.”(教材第69页)
如果你对这一点有任何疑问,请停下片刻,回味一下《秘密花园》中的这句话:“当
你种下玫瑰,蓟草就不会生长。”
(1)be in doubt 不肯定,没把握
When you are in doubt about the meaning of a word,consult your dictionary.
当你对一个词的词义有疑问时,查一下词典。
He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,but he has no doubt about it.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解C)
他说要让人们相信海狸鼠毛皮是绿色环保的并不容易,但他对此毫不怀疑。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The success of the system is not doubt.
②There is no doubt one day a cure will be found.
③Jo is doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.
in
that
without
(2)reflect on仔细想;回忆
She was left to reflect on the implications of her decision.
由她来考虑她这个决定会牵扯哪些问题。
Take time to reflect on important things.
考虑重大问题不要操之过急。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He had time to reflect his successes and failures.
②Working without (reflect) on what you’re doing locks you
into repeating your failures.
on
reflecting
重点句式
1.And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday
cutting the grass,some are happy just to sit under the branches of
the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.(教材第68页)
虽然许多英国人认为锄草是周日最棒的活动,但也有人只要能坐在树下享受周围
世界的美丽就心满意足了。
◆while引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”。
While the Internet is of great help,I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
虽然互联网很有帮助,但我认为在网上花太多的时间不是个好主意。
While I am willing to help,I do not have much time available.
尽管我愿意帮忙,但是没有多少时间。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①汤姆很擅长理科,而他的兄弟却喜欢文科。
Tom’s very good at science, his brother likes arts.
②虽然我承认那份工作很难做,但我认为也不是不可能做到的。
I admit that the task is difficult,I don’t
think that it is impossible.
③当安娜在读书时,他在玩手机。
Anna was reading the book,he was playing on his phone.
while
While∕Though∕Although
While
2.As well as being good for the environment,gardening is also good for
the soul.(教材第70页)
除了能改善环境,园艺还能净化心灵。
◆as well as意为“以及……;不但……而且……”
High school is undoubtedly a time of growth,both physically and emotionally,as well as academically and socially.
毫无疑问,中学阶段是一段成长时期,不但表现在学术方面和社交方面,还表现在身体上和情绪上。
温馨提示
注意as well as与not only...but also...在用法上的区别。
这两者的共同之处是都含有“不但……而且……”之意,都连接两个并列的成分。其区别是:
(1)从用法上说:as well as可用于否定句,而not only...but also...不可。
(2)从主谓一致上说:连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数须与but also后面的名词或
代词的数一致,而as well as后面谓语动词的数则与前面的名词或代词的数
一致。
(3)从翻译上说:not only...but also...按词序排列翻译,强调but also后面的
成分;而as well as则先译as well as后面的成分,强调其前面的成分。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Jack,as well as his friends who are fond of football games (be)
travelling with the team.
②Not only you but also he (be) responsible for the result of
the matter.
is
is
长难句分析
Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things.(教材第69页)
住宅外部没有空间的居民可以租用小块土地种植作物。
该句子中,on which to grow things是“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构,相当于“介词+关系代词+定语从句”。
备用讲义
1.If you look the right way,you can see that the whole world is a garden.
(教材第68页)
如果从合适的角度去欣赏,你会发现整个世界就是一个花园。
句中the right way作状语,意为“正确的方向或角度”。way作“方法,方式,手段”时,前面常加介词in。如果way前有this,that等限定词,介词可省略;但如果放在句首,介词则不可省略。
I’m terribly sorry—I had no idea you felt that way.我非常抱歉——没有想到你是那样想的。
You do it (in) your own way.就照你自己的办法去做吧。
In this way he remains to live in the countryside with his parents.
就这样,他一直同他的父母住在乡下。
语境运用
完成句子
①这棵树向那边倒下就会把那栋房子压坏。
If the tree falls ,it will destroy the house.
②这个箭头指错了方向。
The arrow is pointing .
③看他写的书就能了解他的思想方法。
You can see his mind works when you read his books.
that way
the wrong way
the way
2.Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to
grow things.(教材第69页)
住宅外部没有空间的居民可以租用小块土地种植作物。
句中outside为形容词,意为“外部的,外面的”,常置于名词之前作定语。outside还可以用作副词、介词和名词。
All the outside doors have locks.
所有外面的门都有锁。
From the balcony I observe the outside world and I notice some changes.
我从阳台上观察外面的世界,注意到了某些变化。
3.And if you’re in any doubt about this,take a moment to reflect on this
line from The Secret Garden: “Where you tend a rose...A thistle cannot
grow.”(教材第69页)
如果你对这一点有任何疑问,请停下片刻,回味一下《秘密花园》中的这句话:
“当你种下玫瑰,蓟草就不会生长。”
句中tend意为“照顾、照料”。常见的用法有:tend to sb.∕sth.照顾……,照料……;tend to do sth.意为“易于做某事,往往会发生某事”。
He tends the evergreens that he has planted in the driveway.
他打理着他栽在车道旁的常青树。
The doctors and nurses in this hospital tend the sick patiently.
这个医院的医生和护士们都耐心地照顾病人。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①We tend (make) mistakes when we do things in a hurry.
②Sofia was in the room tending her son.
to make
to
写作专项指导
Writing a summary
文本解读
1.文体类型:概要写作,属于说明文或议论文范畴,常用于概括归纳原文中的主要事实,
略去不必要的细节。
2.要点内容:介绍了英国人饮用水果茶和花草茶的情况及花草茶的功效。
思路指引
实用表达
概要写作常用句式:
This article points out the common phenomenon (现象),which...(补充解释).
The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B.A...while B...
The passage discusses the impact(影响)of sth.On the positive side...,but it may also...
The study reveals that...
The purpose of the report is to show that...
佳作建构
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60个词左右的内容概要。
Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times.Many years ago,people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early,we would be energetic the whole day.So,getting up early is of great importance to us all.
In fact,morning is the best time of a day.In the morning,the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best condition.Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and correctly in the morning than at any other time of the day.And it is certain that we find it easier to understand what we learn.If we get up early and do some morning exercises or only take a short walk in the morning,without doubt we can build up our bodies and become much healthier.Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early.For example,if everyone in the family gets up early,we will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family.Children will have enough time to catch the school bus.Everything is in order.However,if we get up late,we’ll probably have to do everything in a hurry.
Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it.Late risers may find it difficult to form the habit of getting up early.They have to make an effort to do so.If we stick to getting up early every day,we will certainly benefit a lot from it.
概要写作思路指引:
1.确定文体及文章主旨大意。
文体:说明文。主旨大意:文章主要介绍了早起是一个让人受益颇多的好习惯。
2.明确各段主旨。
3.概述各段要点。
4.提炼语言,完善概要。
范文展示
Getting up early in the morning is a good habit that/which will benefit us a lot.First,it helps us in our studies because in the morning we can remember things quickly and correctly.Second,getting up early can let us breathe fresh air and do morning exercises,making us healthy and full of energy.Third,it enables us to make a better preparation for the day.Getting up early is a good habit and we should try our best to keep it.
写作练习
阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60个词左右的内容概要。
For many parents,making sure their children get the right amount of sleep can be difficult,especially in high-pressure situations where students tend to study all night.Unfortunately,it is often counterproductive (适得其反) because with fewer hours to sleep,their brains don’t get enough time to store what they’ve studied the night before.
In her groundbreaking book The Teenage Brain,the neuroscientist Dr Frances Jensen explains that the sleeping time isn’t simply the time for the body to relax and recover after working,studying or playing all day.It is the glue which allows us not only to recollect our experiences but also to remember everything we’ve learned that day.Basically the more we learn,the more we need to sleep.That is why a good sleep is of great importance in achieving success at school.
Then how much sleep do teenagers need The Austrian Centre for Education in Sleep (ACES) suggests 8 to 10 hours per day for high school adolescents.What happens if they don’t get enough sleep According to ACES,poor sleep will have all sorts of negative effects on teenagers,including rises in blood pressure,mood swings and impatient behaviors. Without adequate sleep the focus and attention drift,which will make it harder to receive information.The brain can no longer perform a function to deal with information properly and access previously learned information.
So,how can parents help If you think your child needs more sleep,try making gradual changes to their sleeping habits.Small increases have been proved effective in changing sleep patterns.And remember your children are going through a period of their lives when their brains and bodies are going through a lot of changes.Your job is to help make changes and go through the period with them.It may not be easy,but they will thank you for it eventually.
[写作指导]
1.确定文体及文章主旨大意。
文体:说明文。主旨大意:文章主要介绍了睡眠不足会影响青少年的学习效率并
分析了影响的原因,同时建议父母帮助孩子们改变他们的睡眠方式。
2.明确各段主旨。
3.概述各段要点。
4.提炼语言,完善概要。
One possible version:
Nowadays many parents find it hard for their children to get adequate sleep despite its necessity for efficient learning.(要点1) Generally,teenagers require more sleep to guarantee their success at school.(要点2) Besides,ACES suggests teenagers sleep 8 to 10 hours a day so as not to be negatively influenced.(要点3) Therefore,parents can help children change their sleep patterns progressively through the hard time together.(要点4)
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.He works for a company that (publish) reference books.
2.We are doing our best with the (limit)resources available.
3.The new policies made by government have greatly (benefit)
people.
4.The little girl is talking (pleasant)with her mother.
5.The doctor considered that the change would be (benefit)
to her health.
publishes
limited
benefited
pleasantly
beneficial
6.You don’t need green (finger)to fill your home with lush
leaves.
7.I prefer (rent)such an apartment rather than buy one.
8.They (narrow) escaped shipwreck in a storm in the North
Sea.
9. (expert) generally agree that diet has an important bearing
on your general health.
10.Many young farmers have come to big cities to make a (live).
fingers
to rent
narrowly
Experts
living
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.They own a house in France (也) a villa in Spain.
2.The desert of the past (变成了) today’s green
land and forest by their efforts.
3.The park (是……的家园) a lot of rare wildlife.
4.Silence gives us a chance to (反思) what we have said
and heard.
5.My hometown is a place where you can feel (与自然融
为一体).
as well as
has been turned into
is home to
reflect on
at one with nature
话题延伸·素养升华
阅读理解
A
For many people who live in cities,parks are an important part of the landscape.They provide a place for people to relax and play sports,as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city.What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.
One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen,which humans need to breathe.According to one study,an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving.Parks also make cities cooler.Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect:building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun’s heat and release (释放) it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass.Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials,cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas.Parks and other green spaces help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect.
Unfortunately,many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings,roads,parking lots,and other essential parts of the urban environment.However,cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space:rooftop gardens.While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof,human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years.Some rooftop gardens are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment (投资) of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.
Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces,but without taking up the much-needed land.In the summer,rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun,which can significantly reduce cooling bills.In the winter,gardens help control the heat that materials like brick and concrete release so quickly,leading to savings on heating bills.Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city settlers,making their diets healthier.Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy,they are also a smart environmental investment.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市公园和绿地以及房顶花园带来的好处。阅读本文,有利于促进学生对城市公园和绿地作用的认识,增强学生的生态环保意识。
1.The underlined word “emits” in the second paragraph probably means
“ ”.
A.carries away
B.takes up
C.gives out
D.breathes in
答案及剖析:
1.C 词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词义的能力。根据句子叙述可知,1英亩地的树木可以吸收的二氧化碳量等同于行驶11000英里的汽车排放的二氧化碳的量,由此可以推测emit应为“放出”之意,故选C项。
2.Which of the following contributes to the Urban Heat Island Effect
A.More building materials.
B.More trees and grass.
C.More parking lots.
D.More rooftop gardens.
答案及剖析:
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“Scientists have long noted what is called... and grass.”可知,诸如金属、混凝土之类的建筑材料与城市热岛效应有关,故选A项。
3.When it comes to rooftop gardens,what can be inferred from the passage
A.They make people much happier.
B.They provide more benefits than urban parks.
C.They help to save money and keep a healthy diet.
D.They have become very popular in recent years.
答案及剖析:
3.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第四段中的“In the summer,rooftop gardens ... heating bills.”可知,房顶花园可以起到节能的效果,故选C项。
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards rooftop gardens
A.Sceptical.
B.Supportive.
C.Critical.
D.Objective.
答案及剖析:
4.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息对作者态度进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段第一句“Rooftop gardens provide ... much-needed land.”和最后两句“Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can ... environmental investment.”可知,作者叙述了房顶花园的好处,由此可以看出作者对rooftop gardens是支持的,故选B项。
B
A year ago,I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen,focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels.I’m not going to sugarcoat my experience.It takes commitment and a willingness to change long-held habits.In creating my kitchen,I tried a lot of different alternative products and some plain old common sense;the result,however,has been worth the effort.I’m recycling more and relying less on single-use products and I’m saving money,too.
I’m not kidding when I say that I used to really love plastic storage bags,so this was,perhaps,the biggest challenge for me.Switching to reusable storage bags is a financial investment,but the cost is reasonable considering that I previously spent at least $100 annually on single-use plastic bags and wrap.I will check online periodically for recycling updates,where a zero-waste box for kitchen items is offered,from party supplies to mixed-material food containers.
I’m a clean freak (怪人) and used to go through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis,but it’s easy enough to take old T-shirts or towels and cut them up to use to wipe down surfaces.I’m also a fan of bamboo paper towels,which have the look and feel of traditional paper towels,yet are made from a highly renewable source and also break down in just 45 days.Better yet,they can be reused up to 100 times.As for kitchen sponges(海绵擦),I keep an eye out for those made with natural and recyclable materials.
When purchasing household items online,I will ask to have them shipped in as few boxes as possible or as small a box as possible if a single item is to be sent.I’ll let the company know that they should pay more attention to how it is packaging items for delivery.
语篇导读:这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了作者为了减少一次性产品的使用,而建了一个环保厨房,并且改变了自己很多生活习惯,使用更环保的产品。阅读本文,有利于增强学生的环保意识。
答案及剖析:
5.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的第一句可知,作者创建厨房的主要目的是减少浪费并循环利用更多物品。故选B。
5.What is the author’s main purpose of creating her kitchen
A.To save money.
B.To reduce waste and recycle more.
C.To change her long-held habits.
D.To make it cleaner and more practical.
答案及剖析:
6.A 词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词义的能力。根据第一段中的“It takes commitment and a willingness to change long-held habits.”可知,作者建环保厨房,改变一个长期的生活习惯是她自己承诺和心甘情愿的,而并不是让自己的经历变得更有吸引力。因此可推断sugarcoat意为“使……有吸引力”。故选A。
6.What does the underlined word “sugarcoat” in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Make attractive.
B.Get interested.
C.Show off.
D.Give up.
7.In creating her kitchen,what does the author do
A.Begins to recycle more single-use plastic bags.
B.Goes through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis.
C.Checks online periodically to buy zero-waste box.
D.Chooses to use the recyclable or reusable kitchen items.
答案及剖析:
7.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“I tried a lot of different alternative products... and I’m saving money,too.”可知,在创建厨房时,作者选择了可循环利用或可多次使用的厨房用品,故选D。
8.What can we learn about the author from the text
A.She has strong environmental awareness.
B.She is used to traditional paper towels.
C.She has a good knowledge of financial investment.
D.She prefers to have her purchases packed in small boxes.
答案及剖析:
8.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第一段的内容可知,作者为了减少一次性产品的使用,而建了一个环保厨房,所以从文中我们可知作者是一个环保意识很强的人,故选A。
