2023年中考英语复习语法专题课件★★情态动词(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
Olympics: He believes rowers could have done better.
"A gold and two bronze is an amazing achievement but I think all of us would agree that if everything went our way we could have gone better," he said.
情态动词的特征
情态动词（modal verb)表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词本身虽有词义，但不完全，不能单独作谓语动词，只能和不带to的动词不定式连用，一起构成谓语动词。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
2.1 情态动词的现在完成式的用法 情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：
表已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。
在这两个方面 must/mustn’t; can/can’t; need/needn’t; may/mayn’t;
might/mightn’t; should/shouldn’t；ought to等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的
2.1.1表示已经发生的情况。 1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……”。
如： My pain____ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically：“ Are you feeling all right ” [A] must be
[B] had been
[C] must have been
[D] had to be
2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。
如： Mary ___ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. [A] couldn’t have received
[B] ought to have received [C] has received
[D] shouldn’t have received
3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。
如:
He may have left the car key on the desk.
2.1.2表示虚拟语气
1) needn’t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didn’t need to do”,译为“其实没必要……”。
如： You needn’t have come over yourself. As it turned out to be a small house party, we __ so formally.
[A] needn’t dress up
[B] did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up
[D] needn’t have dressed up
2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”；should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”。
如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划得很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。
3) ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译“该……”，与should 的完成式含义类似。
如：
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .
4) could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。
如：
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5) may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）也许会……”
如：
You shouldn’t have gone back to the house，you might have been seriously burnt.
2.2 情态动词+不定式进行式
情态动词+ be + v-ing,表推测或评论 某动作现在是否正在进行
如: They shouldn’t be watching TV now.
They should be doing their homework.
他们不该在家看电视。
他们应该在做家庭作业才对。
2.3 情态动词+不定式完成进行时
情态动词+have been + v-ing ，表推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。
如:They shouldn’t have been chatting then.
They must have been working then.
那时他们不该在闲谈。
他们一定一直在工作
2.4 几个情态动词常考的句型：
2.4.1 may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近；
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train. 既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train。
2.4.2 cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over….
如： You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.
驾车时候，越小心越好。
2.4.3 used not to 或didn’t use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。
2.4.4 should 除了“应该”一层意思外，还要掌握其“竟然”的意思。
如：
I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that.
我无法想象他竟然这样做。
2.5 情态动词被动关系的主动表达法 2.5.1 want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。 如：
Your hair wants cutting . The book is worth reading. The floor requires washing.
2.5.2 need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义
The house needs painting= The house needs to be painted. The watch needed repairing= The watch needed to be repaired.
Exercise Two
1. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we during the day .
A. should have done
B. would have done
C. may have done
D. must have done
2. Some women a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of family.
A. must make
B. should have made
C. would make
D. could have made
3.He another career but, at the time ,he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.
A. might have chosen
B. might choose
C. had to choose
D. must have chosen
答案
1.C.研究结果表明，我们不论白天可能做什么，每天晚上都要用大约两个小时做梦。
2.D.有些妇女本来可以挣一份很好的工资，而不是待在家里，但是为了家庭，她们决定不工作。
3.A.他本来可能选择另一种职业，但是那是他没有足够的钱上研究生
Listening Practice
Listen to the following English song.
Always on my mind
——Elvis Presley
提高对情态动词should have/ could have/ can’t/ 等词的敏感度