高考英语二轮专题阅读理解专项训练（Word版含解析）
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮专题阅读理解专项训练（Word版含解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-10 16:47:36 | ||
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阅读理解
New App Helps People Remember Faces
Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.
The app, called Social Recall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1, 000 people.
After receiving an invitation to download Social Recall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app’s creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event.
Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”
The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.
1．What is Social Recall used for
A．Taking photos. B．Identifying people.
C．Organizing events. D．Making friends.
2．What was Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．How the app works.
B．How the app was created.
C．What makes the app popular.
D．What people can do with the app.
3．How does Social Recall help people with prosopagnosia
A．By giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones.
B．By collecting information previously entered in the phone.
C．By providing the information of a person when they first meet.
D．By showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face.
4．What can we infer about Social Recall from the passage
A．It may put people’s privacy at risk.
B．It has caused unintended consequences.
C．It can prevent some communication disorders.
D．It is praised by users for its protective measures.
As the saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome”—but was that really the case The answer is not as easy as an unqualified “yes” or “no”. It’s a little more complicated than that.
In 2015, three researchers at the Moovel Lab dropped a uniform grid (网格) of almost 500,000 points across a map of Europe. These points were simply random spots from which to start a journey to Rome. The team then developed a method to calculate the best route to Rome using modern routes from each of those starting points. The more frequently a road was used across the different points, the thicker it was drawn on the map. Their results showed many roads led to Rome, connecting other major cities along the way, such as London, Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and Paris, which were also part of the ancient empire.
News of the map spread quickly, but it didn’t actually prove that all roads lead to Rome. If the researchers had conducted the same exercise and looked at the quickest way from those same 500,000 points to Berlin or Moscow, the map would also show similar results.
The team used computer modeling to look at most logical routes that connect two points on the landscape, and then compared that with their knowledge of Rome roads to see if they’re similar. Modern routes are often the same in most cases. In other words, many of Europe’s multi-lane highways are the successors of Rome roads.
In ancient times, roads were mainly built to ensure people could travel around within a short time. This has changed in recent years, however; newly built motorways avoid populated places to save money in acquiring land.
The main roads in ancient Rome were straight lines whenever geography allowed. These major roads were built with different layers like earth and rock, and finally big pieces of stone on the top. They weren’t flat, but had a round roof to allow proper drainage (排水). Then came other secondary dirt roads that weren’t paved. They connected smaller towns and cities, rather than offering any sort of a route to Rome.
So, was the saying in Paragraph 1 right No, but an awful lot of important ones eventually made their way there.
5．What did the team do with the new method mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．Drew the map of ancient Rome.
B．Showed the layout of cities in Europe.
C．Counted all the existing roads in Rome.
D．Found the best web of roads leading to Rome.
6．What might be a significance of building Rome roads
A．It connected urban areas and rural areas.
B．It changed the history of European roads.
C．It set a good example to European road styles.
D．It contributed to traffic rules of two runways.
7．What did people attach importance to while building roads in ancient times
A．Whether the roads were wide enough.
B．Whether the roads helped people save time.
C．Whether the roads helped collect rainwater.
D．Whether the roads were close to people’s residences.
8．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Do all roads lead to Rome
B．Why does Rome have so many roads
C．Was ancient Rome an empire in Europe
D．How were roads built in ancient Europe
One morning when I was 15, I got out of bed, stood up, and noticed something wasn’t right. I had a sharp pain in my back and down my leg. Within a year, I had three nerve root injections (神经根注射) and an operation on my back. But the pain remained.
After that, everything began to collapse around me. My grades fell quickly and school became even harder than it had been before. However, like my other classmates, I had two arms, two legs and I could walk downstairs. Therefore to others that didn’t seem to exist. But sometimes I just couldn’t stand it and I had to stay in bed rather than attend school, missing a lot of my education.
What was difficult was that I fell into a rather unclear category. I struggled to use the term “disability” and, quite honestly, I still didn’t know if I should. No one had given me the green light. I never took up the designated seats on the bus: the pain of standing was often less than feeling judged for sitting. There was nothing wrong with me. But I worried about people taking a dim view. I knew this happened because on occasion I’d even caught myself looking down on some seemingly able-bodied shoppers filling those sacred seats and thinking, “What are they doing They look fine!”
It wasn’t until 2019 that my partner and I went to the cinema to see Pedro Almodóvar’s film Pain and Glory. There was an animated series inspired by Almodóvar’s personal experiences with back conditions. It was shocking. He captured them all — the nerve pain and the back pain and the visuals were unbelievably accurate. I whispered, “That’s what it’s like!” Then I couldn’t help bursting into tears.
Navigating a world where people can’t see your pain is upsetting and lonely. Of course, people can’t see the invisible, but try listening, being patient and giving people the benefit of the doubt. They certainly don’t make the pain go away. But they can make moving around in this world a little easier to bear.
9．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The physical pain.
B．The author’s decline in grades.
C．The fierce competition at school.
D．The author’s being absent from school.
10．What made the author think things got hard for him
A．That he couldn’t get a seat on the bus.
B．That he wasn’t able to accept his disability.
C．That he was often laughed at by able-bodied people.
D．That he would be measured by the standards of a healthy man.
11．Why was the author in tears after seeing the film
A．It helped him know well about his illness.
B．It reminded him of his similar feelings.
C．He realized his partner’s love for him.
D．He was amazed at the actor’s outstanding skill.
12．What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph
A．Keeping positive makes life easy.
B．People in trouble should help each other.
C．People should learn to adapt to the challenges.
D．Being understood helps ease our painful condition.
The Best Kid-Friendly Spots in Dallas
Chicken Scratch
ADDRESS:2303 Pittman St. Dallas
Chicken Scratch is everyone’s idea of a good time. Crucially, there’s plenty of space for kids to run around and play while the adults relax with a drink. Bands often play free music all year around, and dogs are welcome. The all-natural fresh fruit ice cream really hits the spot in summer and be sure not to miss it then.
Celebration Restaurant
ADDRESS: 4503 W Lovers Ln. Dallas
PHONE: +1 214-351-5681
For a taste of healthy, delicious home-style cooking, there’s no better family-friendly spot than Celebration Restaurant. Open since 1971, Dallas’s “original farm-to-table restaurant” is quite the property, with a full-service bar and a big yard. Parents can choose a fresh fish or grass-fed steak; kids will love the grilled cheese and meat or vegetable options.
Klyde Warren Park
ADDRESS:2012 Woodall Rodgers Fwy. Dallas
PHONE: +1 214-716-4500
For those whose kids are fond of running around, Klyde Warren Park is the best—this 5.2-acre urban park has a wonderful Children’s Park and huge lawns(草地), plus daily educational programming for kids. Several food trucks line the streets, with plenty of kid-friendly food like pizza and ice cream. Find a table, or spread out a blanket on the lawn; you can either bring food with you or order food at the food trucks.
Truck Yard
ADDRESS: 5624 Sears St. Dallas
PHONE: +1 469-500-0139
Complete with a tree-house, daily food trucks, and live music, Truck Yard is a must-have food & play experience. There’s plenty of room for kids to run around, and plenty of food options. The Truck Yard is billed as a “come-as-you-are beer garden and adult playground”. Don’t forget to check their calendar to see what trucks and live entertainment will be there on the day you visit.
13．What’s highly recommended to visitors in Chicken Scratch during hot days
A．Listening to the bands playing.
B．Bringing water along with them.
C．Having a try of the fruit ice cream.
D．Breathing the fresh air with their kids.
14．What’s the highlight of Celebration Restaurant
A．Its large number of green plants. B．Its fresh food resources.
C．Its beautiful pond. D．Its large space.
15．Where would a couple wanting to picnic with their kids probably go
A．5624 Sears St. Dallas.
B．2303 Pittman St. Dallas.
C．4503 W Lovers Ln. Dallas.
D．2012 Woodall Rodgers Fwy. Dallas.
Scientists have successfully implanted and integrated human brain cells into newborn rats, creating a new way to study complex psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (精神分裂症), and perhaps eventually test treatments.
Scientists can assemble small sections of human brain tissue made from stem cells in a special container. But in such a container, “neurons(神经元) don’t grow to the size, to which a human neuron in an actual human brain would grow,” said Sergiu Pasca, the study’s lead author from Stanford University. To overcome such restrictions, researchers implanted the groupings of human brain cells, called organoids, into the brains of young rats.
Human neurons have also been implanted into adult rats before, but an animal’s brain stops developing at a certain age, limiting how well implanted cells can integrate. “By transplanting them at these early stages, we found that these organoids can grow relatively large and receive nutrients, and they can cover about a third of a rat’s brain,” said Pasca.
To test how well the human neurons integrated with the rat brains and bodies, air was blown out across the animals’ whiskers, which prompted electrical activity in the human neurons. That showed that external stimulation of the rat’s body was processed by the human brain tissue.
The scientists then conducted another test in the opposite order. They implanted human brain cells which could respond to blue light, and then trained the rats to expect a “reward” of water from a pipe when blue light shone on the neurons via a cable in the animals’ brain. After two weeks, they found pulsing the blue light sent the rats scrambling to the pipe.
The team has now used the technique to show that organoids developed from patients with Timothy syndrome grow more slowly and display less electrical activity than those from healthy people.
Tara Spires-Jones, a professor at the University of Edinburgh’s UK Dementia Research Institute, said the work “has the potential to advance what we know about psychiatric disorders.”
16．Why did scientists research on rats instead of the special container
A．Because psychiatric disorders are too complex.
B．Because rats also suffer similar psychiatric illnesses.
C．Because it limits the growth of human brain neurons.
D．Because human brain neurons grow too quickly in it.
17．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A．Rats’age has a significant influence on the research.
B．Human brain cells can’t be implanted into adult rats.
C．Rats’ brain won’t develop if they receive human neurons.
D．Human neurons can grow larger in adult rats’ brain than young rats’.
18．Why did the researchers carry out one more test
A．To train rats to respond to external stimulations.
B．To show similarities between rats and human tissues.
C．To confirm human brain cells could grow well in rats’ brains.
D．To check whether signals could be sent back to rats’ body.
19．What is the significance of the research
A．It can advance more experiments on rats.
B．It can further our study of psychiatric illnesses.
C．It can provide some useful experimental methods.
D．It can promote our knowledge of human brain cells.
Before the age of the smartphone, not everyone had cameras and it took skills and a good eye to capture and create a great photograph. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all amateur photographers, and pretty good ones at that, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.
The new ease of photography has given us a tremendous appetite for capturing the magical and the ordinary.We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat—or the cat’s breakfast.
Cameras are everywhere-- a situation that is transforming the way we experience dramatic events. With cameras observing most urban centers, have we gotten to the point where cameras don’t need photographers and photographers don’t even need cameras When there are political events or natural disasters, it is ordinary citizens with cell phones--not photojournalists—who often provide the first news images. Quality still matters,but it’s less important than what’s relevant and instantly shared.
Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Yet photography has always more stories than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions—where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and out of the frame. Images can also be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Such images may be more useful in communicating how the people behind the camera felt than in documenting what was actually in front of the camera.
It’s not clear whether this flowering of image making will lead to a public that better appreciates and understands images or simply numb us to the deep effects a well-made image can have. But the change is unavoidable. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists.
20．What makes us all amateur photographers
A．That it takes no skills to take photographs.
B．That cell phones provide great convenience.
C．That we are more attracted to creating images.
D．That professional standards appear to be falling.
21．How are digital cameras changing our life
A．Photographers don’t need a camera at all.
B．We may get the latest images more easily.
C．Natural disasters can be detected in advance.
D．People pay more attention to the quality of photos.
22．What is Paragraph4 mainly about
A．The creative functions of camera apps.
B．The attractive features of digital images.
C．The subjective factors behind photographs.
D．The negative reviews about artistic images.
23．What can we learn about“visual language” in the last paragraph
A．It can be both used in writing poetry and shopping.
B．It will contribute to our ability to appreciate images.
C．It has a great influence on the development of the universe.
D．It offers us a new tool of communication to express ourselves.
Zombie ice(僵尸冰) from the massive Greenland ice sheet will eventually raise global sea level by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters)on its own, according to a study released Monday.
Zombie or doomed ice is ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by those larger glaciers. That’s because the parent glaciers are getting less replenishing(补充) snow. Meanwhile the doomed ice is melting from climate change, said study author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. “It is dead ice. It’s just going to melt and disappear from the ice sheet,”Colgan said in an interview. “This ice has entered the ocean, regardless of what climate emission plan we take now.”
What scientists did for the study was look at the ice in balance. In perfect balance, snowfall in the mountains in Greenland flows down and recharges and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges. But in the last few decades there’s less replenishment and more melting, creating imbalance.Study authors looked at the ratio of what’s being added to what’s being lost and calculated that 3.3% of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt no matter what happens with the world cutting carbon pollution, Colgan said.
The unavoidable ten inches in the study is more than twice as much sea level rise as scientists had previously expected from the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet. The study in the journal Nature Climate Change said it could reach as much as 30 inches. By contrast, last year’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report predicted a range of 2 to 5 inches for likely sea level rise from Greenland ice melt by the year 2100.
Although 10 inches doesn’t sound like much, that’s a global average. Some coastal areas will be hit with more, and high tides and storms on top of that could be even worse, so this much sea level rise “will have huge societal, economic and environmental impacts,”said Ellyn Enderlin, a geosciences professor at Boise State University.
24．What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to
A．Parent glaciers. B．Doomd ice. C．Thicker ice. D．Large glaciers.
25．What can we know about ice balance in Greenland
A．The ice is in a perfect state now.
B．There is more replenishment and less melting at present.
C．What’s being added equals what’s being lost in the last few decades.
D．Snowfall in the mountains can’t balance out what’s melting on the edges.
26．How does the author prove that Greenland ice is melting fast in Paragraph 4
A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples.
C．By offering suggestions. D．By giving descriptions.
27．What can we infer from the passage
A．All the doomed ice will probably disappear sooner or later.
B．The melting ice on Greenland can’t be harmful to other countries.
C．The sea level will rise 40 inches from the melting of the Zombie ice.
D．Only by cutting carbon pollution can we prevent Greenland from shrinking.
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has discovered that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困扰) you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca New York asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting over 10 minutes and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.
His results have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars reasoning that because lying makes people uncomfortable, touchless emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand such as: “Do you like my dress ”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his result work assessment, where honesty is a priority, it might be best done using email.
28．What is Hancock’s study centered upon
A．The consequences of lying in various communications media.
B．People’s preference in selecting communications technologies.
C．People’s honesty levels across a range of communications media.
D．The success of communications technologies in conveying viewpoints.
29．Why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication
A．They believe that honesty is the best policy.
B．They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
C．They are most practiced at those forms of communication.
D．They are concerned about leaving behind traces of their lies.
30．What do the underlined words “hold them to account” in the fourth paragraph most probably mean
A．Do them a favour. B．Catch up with them.
C．Keep them informed. D．Let them take responsibility.
31．Why does Hancock view the telephone as a preferable medium for promoting sales
A．Salesmen may feel relaxed to overstate.
B．Salesmen can talk directly to their customers.
C．Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.
D．Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy.
There are few things in the food world that evoke (引起) stronger opinions than spices like peppers and chilies.
Capsaicin (辣椒素) is the chemical in peppers that provides that burn you know and love . Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention. “It seems to speed up the body’s fat-burning metabolism,” says Patricia Bridget Lane, a registered nutritionist. “It helps to break down more fat and burn more energy, which can help with weight loss and weight management.” A 2012 review article published in the journal Chemical Senses mentioned that those who eat spicy foods like cayenne pepper noticed a reduction in their desires for fatty, sweet, and salty foods. If you’re immersing your food in too much hot sauce — or you’re eating entirely too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels — you could be damaging your body as well.
According to one scientific study in the National Library of Medicine, capsaicin consumed in abundance can iritate the lining (膜) of your stomach after you eat it. The resulting symptoms of too much capsaicin include nausea, vomiting,abdominal pain, and burning diarrhea.
Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist said, “When spicy food creates inflammation (炎症) in the gut — from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms — sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema.” “Spicy foods can also kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn. Lying down makes heartburn worse, and the discomfort from heartburn hinders sleep,” said the health experts at WebMD．
32．How can spicy food help with weight loss
A．By burning less energy. B．By speeding up fat-burning.
C．By breaking down more sugar. D．By stimulating the desire for salt.
33．What do we know about eating too much spicy food
A．It benefits your skin. B．It affects your sleep.
C．It hardly stirs your stomach. D．It does no damage to your health.
34．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．Spicy food can extend our life.
B．Capsaicin does harm to our health.
C．Eating spices can prevent diseases.
D．Capsaicin is a double-edged sword.
35．What is the author’s attitude towards eating spicy food
A．Skeptical. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Uncaring.
If you are hot or overheated, what should you do to stay cool without air conditioning The following tips might help you.
Stay hydrated
When you’re hot and flushed, hydrating yourself is the first and foremost step to cool down, said Wendell Porter, a senior lecturer in agricultural and biological engineering at the University of Florida. The temperature of the water doesn’t matter since your body will heat it, he added.If your body is suffering from the heat and needs to cool itself, it can’t do that without enough moisture, since the body cools itself by sweating.
Take a cold shower
Taking a cold shower or bath helps cool your body by lowering your core temperature, Porter said.For an extra cool blast, try peppermint(薄荷)soap.The menthol in peppermint oil activates brain receptors that tell your body something you’re eating or feeling is cold.
Use the exhaust fan in your kitchen and/or bathroom
Turn on the switch for the exhaust fan in your kitchen to pull hot air that rises after you cook or in your bathroom to draw out steam after you shower.
Enjoy frozen treats
Eating an ice pop or ice cream to cool down may help for a moment. But don’t consume too much sugar if you’re overheated, Porter said. “Sugar would boost your metabolism (新陈代谢) and you’d start feeling internally hot,”he said.“So the cool treat might be good, but the extra sugar might not.”
36．How can you lower your core temperature according to the passage
A．By drinking cold water.
B．By taking a cold shower.
C．By eating an ice pop or ice cream.
D．By using the exhaust fan in your kitchen.
37．What should be avoided if one wants to cool down
A．Staying hydrated.
B．Trying peppermint soap.
C．Sweating yourself.
D．Enjoying sugary frozen treats.
38．Where can the passage be found
A．In a wellness book
B．In a history report.
C．In an art magazine.
D．In science fiction.
参考答案
1．B
2．A
3．D
4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一款叫做Social Recall的应用程序，这款新的应用程序帮助人们识别面孔，但也有可能泄露隐私。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The app, called Social Recall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions.(这款名为Social Recall的应用软件可以通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别功能将名字和人脸联系起来，从而避免了正式介绍的必要)”可推知，Social Recall是用来识别人的。故选B。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“After receiving an invitation to download Social Recall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media.(在收到活动组织者发出的下载Social Recall的邀请后，用户需要自拍两张，然后通过社交媒体登录)”及“When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile.(当用户将手机摄像头对准参与者的脸时，该应用程序就能识别此人，显示此人的名字，并链接到他或她的社交媒体资料)”可知，文章第三段主要介绍了Social Recall应用软件的工作原理。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed.(要使用这款应用，用户首先要从智能手机的摄像头或照片中获取某人的面部图像，然后用名字标记它。当相机在现实生活中发现同一张脸时，之前输入的信息就会显示出来)”可知，当Social Recall在现实生活中发现的面孔与之前储存的面孔一致时，就会显示这个人的信息，从而帮助脸盲症患者。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution. (一款新的面部识别应用可能会救场，但隐私专家建议谨慎行事)”以及第四段第二句到段末“She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”(然而，她警告说，当人们选择在应用程序上分享他们的个人信息时，他们应该知道“在未来的道路上，可能会有意想不到的后果，这些信息被用于另一种情况，可能会反过来咬你一口。”)”可推知，Social Recall应用程序可能会危及人们的隐私。故选A。
5．D
6．C
7．B
8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍一个科学团队开发了一种方法来证明并非“条条大路通罗马”，同时也指出古罗马道路建设的重要性。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The team then developed a method to calculate the best route to Rome using modern routes from each of those starting points. The more frequently a road was used across the different points, the thicker it was drawn on the map. (然后，该团队开发了一种方法，利用从每个出发点出发的现代路线，计算出前往罗马的最佳路线。一条路在不同的点上使用得越频繁，它在地图上画得就越厚)”可知，该团队用新方法寻找到罗马的最佳线路网络。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Modern routes are often the same in most cases. In other words, many of Europe’s multi-lane highways are the successors of Rome roads.(现代路线在大多数情况下都是一样的。换句话说，欧洲的许多多车道高速公路都是罗马公路的继承者)”推知，罗马道路的建立的重要性在于为欧洲的道路风格树立了一个很好的榜样。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“In ancient times, roads were mainly built to ensure people could travel around within a short time. (在古代，道路主要是为了保证人们可以在短时间内出行)”可知，在古代，修建道路时人们看重的是它们是否能帮助节约时间。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“As the saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome”—but was that really the case The answer is not as easy as an unqualified “yes” or “no”. It’s a little more complicated than that.(常言道：“条条大路通罗马”——这是真的吗？要回答这个问题并不像无条件地说“是”或“不是”那么容易。实际情况要复杂一些)”和最后一段“So, was the saying in Paragraph 1 right No, but an awful lot of important ones eventually made their way there.(那么，第一段中的说法正确吗？没有，但很多重要的东西最终都到了那里)”可知，本文主要介绍一个科学团队开发了一种方法来证明并非“条条大路通罗马”，同时也指出古罗马道路建设的重要性。故A项“条条大路通罗马吗？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
9．A
10．D
11．B
12．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者在十五岁的时候患上了严重的背部和腿部疼痛，严重影响了学习和生活，却并不被理解和宽容，直到看了电影《痛苦与荣耀》，作者明白了理解和耐心可以帮助我们缓解痛苦。
9．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“I had a sharp pain in my back and down my leg. Within a year, I had three nerve root injections (神经根注射) and an operation on my back. But the pain remained.(我的背部和腿部都有剧痛。一年之内，我接受了三次神经根注射和背部手术。但是疼痛依然存在。)”和第二段中“However, like my other classmates, I had two arms, two legs and I could walk downstairs.(然而，像我的其他同学一样，我有两只手，两条腿，我可以走下楼。)”及“But sometimes I just couldn’t stand it and I had to stay in bed rather than attend school, missing a lot of my education.(但有时我就是无法忍受，我不得不躺在床上而不是去上学，错过了很多我的教育。)”可知，此处是指对别人来说，作者的身体疼痛并不存在，但是作者能感觉到身体疼痛。所以that是指身体疼痛。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“My grades fell quickly and school became even harder than it had been before. However, like my other classmates, I had two arms, two legs and I could walk downstairs.(我的成绩下降得很快，学习变得比以前更难了。然而，像我的其他同学一样，我有两只手，两条腿，我可以走下楼。)”和第三段中“What was difficult was that I fell into a rather unclear category. I struggled to use the term “disability” and, quite honestly, I still didn’t know if I should. No one had given me the green light.(困难的是，我属于一个相当不清楚的类别。我挣扎着使用“残疾”这个词，老实说，我仍然不知道我是否应该这样做。没有人给我开绿灯。)”可知，被以一个健康的人的标准来衡量让作者认为事情对他来说很困难。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He captured them all — the nerve pain and the back pain and the visuals were unbelievably accurate. I whispered, “That’s what it’s like!” Then I couldn’t help bursting into tears.(他把这些都拍了下来——神经痛和背痛，视觉效果非常准确。我低声说：“就是这样！”然后我忍不住哭了起来。)”可知，作者在看完这部电影后流下了眼泪是因为它让他想起了自己相似的感受。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“Of course, people can’t see the invisible, but try listening, being patient and giving people the benefit of the doubt. They certainly don’t make the pain go away. But they can make moving around in this world a little easier to bear.(当然，人们不可能看到看不见的东西，但是试着倾听，保持耐心，让人们从怀疑中受益。它们当然不能消除疼痛。但它们可以让你在这个世界上更容易忍受。)”可知，被理解有助于缓解我们的痛苦状况。故选D。
13．C
14．B
15．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个达拉斯最适合孩子的景点。
13．细节理解题。根据“Chicken Scratch”部分最后一句“The all-natural fresh fruit ice cream really hits the spot in summer and be sure not to miss it then.”(纯天然的新鲜水果冰淇淋在夏天真是太棒了，一定不要错过。)可知，在炎热的天气里，强烈建议游客品尝一下Chicken Scratch的水果冰淇淋。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据“Celebration Restaurant”部分第二句“Open since 1971, Dallas’s “original farm-to-table restaurant” is quite the property, with a full-service bar and a big yard.”(达拉斯的这家“从农场到餐桌的原始餐厅”自1971年开业以来，拥有一个提供全方位服务的酒吧和一个大院子。)可知，庆典餐厅的亮点在于其新鲜的食物资源。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据“Klyde Warren Park”部分最后一句“Find a table, or spread out a blanket on the lawn; you can either bring food with you or order food at the food trucks.”(找一张桌子，或者在草坪上铺一条毯子；你可以自带食物，也可以在餐车上点餐。)可知，想和孩子一起野餐的夫妇可能会去2012 Woodall Rodgers Fwy. Dallas。故选D。
16．C
17．A
18．D
19．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科学家们成功地将人类脑细胞植入新生大鼠体内，为研究精神分裂症等复杂精神疾病创造了一种新方法。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段话“Scientists can assemble small sections of human brain tissue made from stem cells in a special container. But in such a container,“neurons(神经元) don’t grow to the size, to which a human neuron in an actual human brain would grow,” said Sergiu Pasca, the study’s lead author from Stanford University. To overcome such restrictions, researchers implanted the groupings of human brain cells, called organoids, into the brains of young rats.(科学家们可以将由干细胞制成的一小部分人脑组织组装在一个特殊的容器中。但在这样的容器中，“神经元不会生长到实际人脑中人类神经元生长的大小，”来自斯坦福大学的该研究的主要作者Sergiu Pasca说。为了克服这些限制，研究人员将人类脑细胞的分组植入年轻大鼠的大脑中。)”可知，放在特殊容器中，容易限制神经元的生长，故选C项。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第三段话“Human neurons have also been implanted into adult rats before, but an animal’s brain stops developing at a certain age, limiting how well implanted cells can integrate. “By transplanting them at these early stages, we found that these organoids can grow relatively large and receive nutrients, and they can cover about a third of a rat’s brain,”said Pasca.(人类神经元以前也被植入成年大鼠体内，但动物的大脑在特定年龄停止发育，限制了植入细胞的整合程度。帕斯卡说：“通过在这些早期阶段移植它们，我们发现这些类器官可以长得相对较大，并接受营养，它们可以覆盖大鼠大脑的三分之一。”)”可知，神经元在成年大鼠体内成长的不是很完善，更早期移植却能长的相对大一些。因此可以得知，大鼠的年龄对研究也有一定影响。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第五段话“The scientists then conducted another test in the opposite order: They implanted human brain cells which could respond to blue light, and then trained the rats to expect a “reward” of water from a pipe when blue light shone on the neurons via a cable in the animals’ brain. After two weeks, they found pulsing the blue light sent the rats scrambling to the pipe.(然后，科学家们以相反的顺序进行了另一项测试：他们植入了对蓝光有反应的人类脑细胞，然后训练大鼠在蓝光通过动物大脑中的电缆照射到神经元时，期望从管道中获得水的“奖励”。两周后，他们发现脉冲蓝光会让老鼠爬向管道。)”可知，科学家们再做一次实验是为了核实信号是否会被反射回身体里。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段话“Tara Spires-Jones, a professor at the University of Edinburgh’s UK Dementia Research Institute, said the work “has the potential to advance what we know about psychiatric disorders.”(爱丁堡大学英国痴呆症研究所的塔拉·斯派尔斯-琼斯教授说，这项工作“有可能推进我们对精神疾病的了解。”)”可知，这项研究有助于推进研究者对精神疾病的了解。故选B项。
20．B
21．B
22．C
23．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了随着手机的广泛使用，摄影也被重新定义，成为一种视觉的语言。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all amateur photographers, and pretty good ones at that, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.”（今天，随着我们的智能手机上有大量的摄像应用程序，我们都是业余摄影师，而且是相当不错的业余摄影师，因为现在智能手机图像的质量几乎等同于数码相机。）可知，由于智能手机中各种各样的照相软件，我们都成了业余摄影师，因此可知，手机提供的极大的便利让我们都成了业余摄影师。故选B。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段中“We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat—or the cat’s breakfast.”（我们痴迷于记录每天的时刻，无论是我们的早餐还是我们的猫——或猫的早餐的镜头。），第三段中“When there are political events or natural disasters, it is ordinary citizens with cell phones--not photojournalists—who often provide the first news images. Quality still matters,but it’s less important than what’s relevant and instantly shared.”（当发生政治事件或自然灾害时，提供第一手新闻图片的往往是拿着手机的普通公民，而不是摄影记者。质量仍然很重要，但比起相关的和即时分享的东西，质量变得不重要。）可知，数字相机可以让人们更容易获取最新的影像，改变了我们的生活。故选B。
22．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Yet photography has always more stories than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions—where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and out of the frame. Images can also be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Such images may be more useful in communicating how the people behind the camera felt than in documenting what was actually in front of the camera.”（在数字图像出现之前，大多数人相信照片能够准确地反映现实。然而，摄影的故事总是比我们想象的要多。每一张照片都是一系列决定的结果——站在哪里，用什么镜头，镜头里面和镜头外面应该留下什么。图像也可以被着色、加亮、褪色和刮花，以使照片更具艺术性，或使它们看起来像古董。比起记录摄像机前的真实情况，这些图像可能更有助于传达摄像机后的人的感受。）可知，本段讲述了照片背后的故事总是比我们想象的要多，人们还可以对照片进行修饰，以便传达摄影人的感受，因此推断本段主要讲述每张照片的背后都有很多的主观因素。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world.Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists.”（也许我们正在见证一种通用视觉语言的发展，一种可以改变我们彼此关系和世界的方式。当然，就像任何一种语言一样，总会有人写诗，也有人写购物清单。）可知，visual language可以提供给我们一种新的表达自己的交流工具。故选D。
24．B
25．D
26．A
27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项最新研究显示，格陵兰岛“僵尸冰”的融化将使全球海平面上升至少27厘米。
24．指代猜测题。根据第二段中画线词前一句“Meanwhile the doomed ice is melting from climate change, said study author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.(研究论文的合著者、丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局的冰川学家William Colgan称，由于气候变化，这些‘僵尸冰’正在融化)”可知，画线句“It is dead ice.(这是死冰)”中的It指代上文提到的“僵尸冰”。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In perfect balance, snowfall in the mountains in Greenland flows down and recharges and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges. But in the last few decades there’s less replenishment and more melting, creating imbalance.(在完美的平衡状态下，格陵兰岛山区的降雪向下流动，使冰川两侧重新结冰变厚，平衡了边缘的融化。但在过去的几十年里，补给更少，融化更多，造成了不平衡)”可知，由于山区降雪向下流动得更少，无法抵消边缘的融化，才造成了不平衡。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段“The unavoidable ten inches in the study is more than twice as much sea level rise as scientists had previously expected from the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet. The study in the journal Nature Climate Change said it could reach as much as 30 inches. By contrast, last year’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report predicted a range of 2 to 5 inches for likely sea level rise from Greenland ice melt by the year 2100.(研究预测格陵兰冰盖不可避免的融化将导致海平面上升10英寸，这一数值是科学家此前预测的两倍多。这项发表在《自然气候变化》杂志上的研究显示，最高可能会导致海平面上升30英寸。相比之下，去年联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会的报告预测，到2100年，格陵兰冰川融化可能导致海平面上升2至5英寸)”可知，本段是通过列举数字来证明格陵兰岛的冰融化速度很快。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘It is dead ice. It’s just going to melt and disappear from the ice sheet,’ said in an interview. ‘This ice has entered the ocean, regardless of what climate emission plan we take now.’(‘这是死冰，它将融化并从冰盖上消失。’Colgan在一次采访中称。‘不管我们现在采取怎样的气候排放方案，这些冰都会融入海洋中。’)”可知，所有的僵尸冰可能迟早都会消失。故选A。
28．C
29．D
30．D
171．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同通信技术的诚信水平是不同的。
28．细节理解题。由第一段中的“The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has discovered that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. (第一项在一系列通信媒体中比较诚实的研究发现，人们在电话交谈中说谎的可能性是在电子邮件中说谎的两倍)”和第二段中的“In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting over 10 minutes and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls. (在报告中，他们记录了超过10分钟的对话或电子邮件交流次数，以及他们说了多少谎。然后汉考克计算出每种媒体每次谈话的谎言数量。他发现，在电子邮件中，谎言占14%，在即时消息中占21%，在面对面交流中占27%，在电话中占惊人的37%)”可知，第一段提到的研究就是Hancock的研究，他的研究以人们在各种通信媒体中的诚实程度为中心。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。由第四段中的“But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie (但汉考克表示，谈话是否被记录下来，是否可以重读，以及是否实时发生，也至关重要。人们似乎害怕撒谎)”和“This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. (这就是为什么电子邮件中出现的谎言比电话中少的原因)”可知，如果知道交流的内容会被记录下来，事后能被用来再次阅读，人们似乎就害怕撒谎，可得出在某些通信媒体中人们会说出真相，是因为他们害怕留下撒谎的痕迹。故选D项。
30．词句猜测题。由第四段“But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. (但汉考克表示，谈话是否被记录下来，是否可以重读，以及是否实时发生，也至关重要。他说，人们似乎害怕撒谎，因为他们知道这些信息可能会被用来hold them to account。这就是为什么电子邮件中出现的谎言比电话中少的原因)”可知，如果知道交流的内容会被记录下来，事后能被用来再次阅读，人们似乎就害怕撒谎，因为如果撒谎的话，他们会留下撒谎的痕迹，这些痕迹会被用来追究责任，hold them to account可得出意为“让他们承担责任（Let them take responsibility）”。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“For instance the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. (电话可能是销售的最好媒介，打电话时雇员可以夸大事实)”可知，汉考克认为电话是促进销售的首选媒介是因为销售人员夸大其词会感到轻松。故选A项。
32．B
33．B
34．D
35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。据研究，吃辣椒（辛辣食物）可以降低死亡率，还可帮助减肥。但是过量吃辛辣食物会伤害身体。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘It seems to speed up the body’s fat-burning metabolism,’ says Patricia Bridget Lane, a registered nutritionist. ‘It helps to break down more fat and burn more energy, which can help with weight loss and weight management.’(注册营养学家帕特丽夏·布里吉特·莱恩说：“它似乎可以加速身体燃烧脂肪的新陈代谢。它有助于分解更多脂肪，燃烧更多能量，有助于减肥和体重管理。”)”可知，辛辣食物是通过加速脂肪燃烧来帮助减肥的。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句句“‘Spicy foods can also kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn. Lying down makes heartburn worse,and the discomfort from heartburn hinders sleep,’ said the health experts at WebMD.( “辛辣食物也会导致胃灼热，从而影响睡眠。躺着会使胃灼热更严重，而胃灼热的不适会妨碍睡眠，”WebMD的健康专家说。)”可知，吃过量辛辣食物会影响睡眠。故选B项。
34．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合根据第二段第二句“Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention.( 根据哈佛大学和中国疾病预防控制中心2015年的一项大型研究，每周吃六到七天的辛辣食物，即使每天只吃一次，也能降低14%的死亡率。)”和最后一句“If you’re immersing your food in too much hot sauce — or you’re eating entirely too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels — you could be damaging your body as well.( 如果你把食物浸在太多的辣酱里，或者你吃了太多香料含量超高的食物，你的身体也会受到损害。)”可知，文章介绍了辛辣食物既能给人的身体带来好处，过量食用也会带来坏处，所以“辛辣食物是一把双刃剑”是文章主要内容。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段第二句“Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention.( 根据哈佛大学和中国疾病预防控制中心2015年的一项大型研究，每周吃六到七天的辛辣食物，即使每天只吃一次，也能降低14%的死亡率。)”和最后一段第一句“Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist said, ‘When spicy food creates inflammation (炎症) in the gut — from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms — sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema.’(佛罗里达皮肤科医生丽贝卡·东医学博士说：“当辛辣食物引起肠道炎症时——比如胃痛、反酸或其他症状——有时这种炎症也会出现在皮肤上，如潮红、痤疮甚至湿疹。”)”可知，作者是客观描述了辛辣食物对人的健康的积极和消极影响，所以作者对吃辛辣食物的态度是客观。故选C项。
36．B
37．D
38．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是在没有空调的情况下如何保持凉爽。
36．细节理解题。根据Take a cold shower部分中“Taking a cold shower or bath helps cool your body by lowering your core temperature, Porter said.(波特说，洗冷水澡或冷水淋浴通过降低核心温度的方式来帮助身体降温。)”可知，洗冷水澡或者冷水淋雨可以降低身体的核心温度。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Sugar would boost your metabolism (新陈代谢) and you’d start feeling internally hot,”he said.“So the cool treat might be good, but the extra sugar might not.”(他说:“糖会促进你的新陈代谢，你会开始感到内热。所以凉爽的食物可能很好，但额外的糖可能就不好了。”)”可知，享受冰冻甜食有时是不能让你凉爽的，因此应该避免冰冻甜食。故选D。
38．推理判断题。通读全文，文章就在没有空调的情况下如何保持凉爽提出了四个方法。这四个方法都是健康的降温方法，故推断文章出自于一本健康的书籍。故选A。
New App Helps People Remember Faces
Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.
The app, called Social Recall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1, 000 people.
After receiving an invitation to download Social Recall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app’s creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event.
Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”
The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.
1．What is Social Recall used for
A．Taking photos. B．Identifying people.
C．Organizing events. D．Making friends.
2．What was Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．How the app works.
B．How the app was created.
C．What makes the app popular.
D．What people can do with the app.
3．How does Social Recall help people with prosopagnosia
A．By giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones.
B．By collecting information previously entered in the phone.
C．By providing the information of a person when they first meet.
D．By showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face.
4．What can we infer about Social Recall from the passage
A．It may put people’s privacy at risk.
B．It has caused unintended consequences.
C．It can prevent some communication disorders.
D．It is praised by users for its protective measures.
As the saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome”—but was that really the case The answer is not as easy as an unqualified “yes” or “no”. It’s a little more complicated than that.
In 2015, three researchers at the Moovel Lab dropped a uniform grid (网格) of almost 500,000 points across a map of Europe. These points were simply random spots from which to start a journey to Rome. The team then developed a method to calculate the best route to Rome using modern routes from each of those starting points. The more frequently a road was used across the different points, the thicker it was drawn on the map. Their results showed many roads led to Rome, connecting other major cities along the way, such as London, Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and Paris, which were also part of the ancient empire.
News of the map spread quickly, but it didn’t actually prove that all roads lead to Rome. If the researchers had conducted the same exercise and looked at the quickest way from those same 500,000 points to Berlin or Moscow, the map would also show similar results.
The team used computer modeling to look at most logical routes that connect two points on the landscape, and then compared that with their knowledge of Rome roads to see if they’re similar. Modern routes are often the same in most cases. In other words, many of Europe’s multi-lane highways are the successors of Rome roads.
In ancient times, roads were mainly built to ensure people could travel around within a short time. This has changed in recent years, however; newly built motorways avoid populated places to save money in acquiring land.
The main roads in ancient Rome were straight lines whenever geography allowed. These major roads were built with different layers like earth and rock, and finally big pieces of stone on the top. They weren’t flat, but had a round roof to allow proper drainage (排水). Then came other secondary dirt roads that weren’t paved. They connected smaller towns and cities, rather than offering any sort of a route to Rome.
So, was the saying in Paragraph 1 right No, but an awful lot of important ones eventually made their way there.
5．What did the team do with the new method mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．Drew the map of ancient Rome.
B．Showed the layout of cities in Europe.
C．Counted all the existing roads in Rome.
D．Found the best web of roads leading to Rome.
6．What might be a significance of building Rome roads
A．It connected urban areas and rural areas.
B．It changed the history of European roads.
C．It set a good example to European road styles.
D．It contributed to traffic rules of two runways.
7．What did people attach importance to while building roads in ancient times
A．Whether the roads were wide enough.
B．Whether the roads helped people save time.
C．Whether the roads helped collect rainwater.
D．Whether the roads were close to people’s residences.
8．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Do all roads lead to Rome
B．Why does Rome have so many roads
C．Was ancient Rome an empire in Europe
D．How were roads built in ancient Europe
One morning when I was 15, I got out of bed, stood up, and noticed something wasn’t right. I had a sharp pain in my back and down my leg. Within a year, I had three nerve root injections (神经根注射) and an operation on my back. But the pain remained.
After that, everything began to collapse around me. My grades fell quickly and school became even harder than it had been before. However, like my other classmates, I had two arms, two legs and I could walk downstairs. Therefore to others that didn’t seem to exist. But sometimes I just couldn’t stand it and I had to stay in bed rather than attend school, missing a lot of my education.
What was difficult was that I fell into a rather unclear category. I struggled to use the term “disability” and, quite honestly, I still didn’t know if I should. No one had given me the green light. I never took up the designated seats on the bus: the pain of standing was often less than feeling judged for sitting. There was nothing wrong with me. But I worried about people taking a dim view. I knew this happened because on occasion I’d even caught myself looking down on some seemingly able-bodied shoppers filling those sacred seats and thinking, “What are they doing They look fine!”
It wasn’t until 2019 that my partner and I went to the cinema to see Pedro Almodóvar’s film Pain and Glory. There was an animated series inspired by Almodóvar’s personal experiences with back conditions. It was shocking. He captured them all — the nerve pain and the back pain and the visuals were unbelievably accurate. I whispered, “That’s what it’s like!” Then I couldn’t help bursting into tears.
Navigating a world where people can’t see your pain is upsetting and lonely. Of course, people can’t see the invisible, but try listening, being patient and giving people the benefit of the doubt. They certainly don’t make the pain go away. But they can make moving around in this world a little easier to bear.
9．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The physical pain.
B．The author’s decline in grades.
C．The fierce competition at school.
D．The author’s being absent from school.
10．What made the author think things got hard for him
A．That he couldn’t get a seat on the bus.
B．That he wasn’t able to accept his disability.
C．That he was often laughed at by able-bodied people.
D．That he would be measured by the standards of a healthy man.
11．Why was the author in tears after seeing the film
A．It helped him know well about his illness.
B．It reminded him of his similar feelings.
C．He realized his partner’s love for him.
D．He was amazed at the actor’s outstanding skill.
12．What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph
A．Keeping positive makes life easy.
B．People in trouble should help each other.
C．People should learn to adapt to the challenges.
D．Being understood helps ease our painful condition.
The Best Kid-Friendly Spots in Dallas
Chicken Scratch
ADDRESS:2303 Pittman St. Dallas
Chicken Scratch is everyone’s idea of a good time. Crucially, there’s plenty of space for kids to run around and play while the adults relax with a drink. Bands often play free music all year around, and dogs are welcome. The all-natural fresh fruit ice cream really hits the spot in summer and be sure not to miss it then.
Celebration Restaurant
ADDRESS: 4503 W Lovers Ln. Dallas
PHONE: +1 214-351-5681
For a taste of healthy, delicious home-style cooking, there’s no better family-friendly spot than Celebration Restaurant. Open since 1971, Dallas’s “original farm-to-table restaurant” is quite the property, with a full-service bar and a big yard. Parents can choose a fresh fish or grass-fed steak; kids will love the grilled cheese and meat or vegetable options.
Klyde Warren Park
ADDRESS:2012 Woodall Rodgers Fwy. Dallas
PHONE: +1 214-716-4500
For those whose kids are fond of running around, Klyde Warren Park is the best—this 5.2-acre urban park has a wonderful Children’s Park and huge lawns(草地), plus daily educational programming for kids. Several food trucks line the streets, with plenty of kid-friendly food like pizza and ice cream. Find a table, or spread out a blanket on the lawn; you can either bring food with you or order food at the food trucks.
Truck Yard
ADDRESS: 5624 Sears St. Dallas
PHONE: +1 469-500-0139
Complete with a tree-house, daily food trucks, and live music, Truck Yard is a must-have food & play experience. There’s plenty of room for kids to run around, and plenty of food options. The Truck Yard is billed as a “come-as-you-are beer garden and adult playground”. Don’t forget to check their calendar to see what trucks and live entertainment will be there on the day you visit.
13．What’s highly recommended to visitors in Chicken Scratch during hot days
A．Listening to the bands playing.
B．Bringing water along with them.
C．Having a try of the fruit ice cream.
D．Breathing the fresh air with their kids.
14．What’s the highlight of Celebration Restaurant
A．Its large number of green plants. B．Its fresh food resources.
C．Its beautiful pond. D．Its large space.
15．Where would a couple wanting to picnic with their kids probably go
A．5624 Sears St. Dallas.
B．2303 Pittman St. Dallas.
C．4503 W Lovers Ln. Dallas.
D．2012 Woodall Rodgers Fwy. Dallas.
Scientists have successfully implanted and integrated human brain cells into newborn rats, creating a new way to study complex psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (精神分裂症), and perhaps eventually test treatments.
Scientists can assemble small sections of human brain tissue made from stem cells in a special container. But in such a container, “neurons(神经元) don’t grow to the size, to which a human neuron in an actual human brain would grow,” said Sergiu Pasca, the study’s lead author from Stanford University. To overcome such restrictions, researchers implanted the groupings of human brain cells, called organoids, into the brains of young rats.
Human neurons have also been implanted into adult rats before, but an animal’s brain stops developing at a certain age, limiting how well implanted cells can integrate. “By transplanting them at these early stages, we found that these organoids can grow relatively large and receive nutrients, and they can cover about a third of a rat’s brain,” said Pasca.
To test how well the human neurons integrated with the rat brains and bodies, air was blown out across the animals’ whiskers, which prompted electrical activity in the human neurons. That showed that external stimulation of the rat’s body was processed by the human brain tissue.
The scientists then conducted another test in the opposite order. They implanted human brain cells which could respond to blue light, and then trained the rats to expect a “reward” of water from a pipe when blue light shone on the neurons via a cable in the animals’ brain. After two weeks, they found pulsing the blue light sent the rats scrambling to the pipe.
The team has now used the technique to show that organoids developed from patients with Timothy syndrome grow more slowly and display less electrical activity than those from healthy people.
Tara Spires-Jones, a professor at the University of Edinburgh’s UK Dementia Research Institute, said the work “has the potential to advance what we know about psychiatric disorders.”
16．Why did scientists research on rats instead of the special container
A．Because psychiatric disorders are too complex.
B．Because rats also suffer similar psychiatric illnesses.
C．Because it limits the growth of human brain neurons.
D．Because human brain neurons grow too quickly in it.
17．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A．Rats’age has a significant influence on the research.
B．Human brain cells can’t be implanted into adult rats.
C．Rats’ brain won’t develop if they receive human neurons.
D．Human neurons can grow larger in adult rats’ brain than young rats’.
18．Why did the researchers carry out one more test
A．To train rats to respond to external stimulations.
B．To show similarities between rats and human tissues.
C．To confirm human brain cells could grow well in rats’ brains.
D．To check whether signals could be sent back to rats’ body.
19．What is the significance of the research
A．It can advance more experiments on rats.
B．It can further our study of psychiatric illnesses.
C．It can provide some useful experimental methods.
D．It can promote our knowledge of human brain cells.
Before the age of the smartphone, not everyone had cameras and it took skills and a good eye to capture and create a great photograph. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all amateur photographers, and pretty good ones at that, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.
The new ease of photography has given us a tremendous appetite for capturing the magical and the ordinary.We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat—or the cat’s breakfast.
Cameras are everywhere-- a situation that is transforming the way we experience dramatic events. With cameras observing most urban centers, have we gotten to the point where cameras don’t need photographers and photographers don’t even need cameras When there are political events or natural disasters, it is ordinary citizens with cell phones--not photojournalists—who often provide the first news images. Quality still matters,but it’s less important than what’s relevant and instantly shared.
Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Yet photography has always more stories than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions—where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and out of the frame. Images can also be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Such images may be more useful in communicating how the people behind the camera felt than in documenting what was actually in front of the camera.
It’s not clear whether this flowering of image making will lead to a public that better appreciates and understands images or simply numb us to the deep effects a well-made image can have. But the change is unavoidable. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists.
20．What makes us all amateur photographers
A．That it takes no skills to take photographs.
B．That cell phones provide great convenience.
C．That we are more attracted to creating images.
D．That professional standards appear to be falling.
21．How are digital cameras changing our life
A．Photographers don’t need a camera at all.
B．We may get the latest images more easily.
C．Natural disasters can be detected in advance.
D．People pay more attention to the quality of photos.
22．What is Paragraph4 mainly about
A．The creative functions of camera apps.
B．The attractive features of digital images.
C．The subjective factors behind photographs.
D．The negative reviews about artistic images.
23．What can we learn about“visual language” in the last paragraph
A．It can be both used in writing poetry and shopping.
B．It will contribute to our ability to appreciate images.
C．It has a great influence on the development of the universe.
D．It offers us a new tool of communication to express ourselves.
Zombie ice(僵尸冰) from the massive Greenland ice sheet will eventually raise global sea level by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters)on its own, according to a study released Monday.
Zombie or doomed ice is ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by those larger glaciers. That’s because the parent glaciers are getting less replenishing(补充) snow. Meanwhile the doomed ice is melting from climate change, said study author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. “It is dead ice. It’s just going to melt and disappear from the ice sheet,”Colgan said in an interview. “This ice has entered the ocean, regardless of what climate emission plan we take now.”
What scientists did for the study was look at the ice in balance. In perfect balance, snowfall in the mountains in Greenland flows down and recharges and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges. But in the last few decades there’s less replenishment and more melting, creating imbalance.Study authors looked at the ratio of what’s being added to what’s being lost and calculated that 3.3% of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt no matter what happens with the world cutting carbon pollution, Colgan said.
The unavoidable ten inches in the study is more than twice as much sea level rise as scientists had previously expected from the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet. The study in the journal Nature Climate Change said it could reach as much as 30 inches. By contrast, last year’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report predicted a range of 2 to 5 inches for likely sea level rise from Greenland ice melt by the year 2100.
Although 10 inches doesn’t sound like much, that’s a global average. Some coastal areas will be hit with more, and high tides and storms on top of that could be even worse, so this much sea level rise “will have huge societal, economic and environmental impacts,”said Ellyn Enderlin, a geosciences professor at Boise State University.
24．What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to
A．Parent glaciers. B．Doomd ice. C．Thicker ice. D．Large glaciers.
25．What can we know about ice balance in Greenland
A．The ice is in a perfect state now.
B．There is more replenishment and less melting at present.
C．What’s being added equals what’s being lost in the last few decades.
D．Snowfall in the mountains can’t balance out what’s melting on the edges.
26．How does the author prove that Greenland ice is melting fast in Paragraph 4
A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples.
C．By offering suggestions. D．By giving descriptions.
27．What can we infer from the passage
A．All the doomed ice will probably disappear sooner or later.
B．The melting ice on Greenland can’t be harmful to other countries.
C．The sea level will rise 40 inches from the melting of the Zombie ice.
D．Only by cutting carbon pollution can we prevent Greenland from shrinking.
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has discovered that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困扰) you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca New York asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting over 10 minutes and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.
His results have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars reasoning that because lying makes people uncomfortable, touchless emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand such as: “Do you like my dress ”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his result work assessment, where honesty is a priority, it might be best done using email.
28．What is Hancock’s study centered upon
A．The consequences of lying in various communications media.
B．People’s preference in selecting communications technologies.
C．People’s honesty levels across a range of communications media.
D．The success of communications technologies in conveying viewpoints.
29．Why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication
A．They believe that honesty is the best policy.
B．They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
C．They are most practiced at those forms of communication.
D．They are concerned about leaving behind traces of their lies.
30．What do the underlined words “hold them to account” in the fourth paragraph most probably mean
A．Do them a favour. B．Catch up with them.
C．Keep them informed. D．Let them take responsibility.
31．Why does Hancock view the telephone as a preferable medium for promoting sales
A．Salesmen may feel relaxed to overstate.
B．Salesmen can talk directly to their customers.
C．Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.
D．Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy.
There are few things in the food world that evoke (引起) stronger opinions than spices like peppers and chilies.
Capsaicin (辣椒素) is the chemical in peppers that provides that burn you know and love . Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention. “It seems to speed up the body’s fat-burning metabolism,” says Patricia Bridget Lane, a registered nutritionist. “It helps to break down more fat and burn more energy, which can help with weight loss and weight management.” A 2012 review article published in the journal Chemical Senses mentioned that those who eat spicy foods like cayenne pepper noticed a reduction in their desires for fatty, sweet, and salty foods. If you’re immersing your food in too much hot sauce — or you’re eating entirely too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels — you could be damaging your body as well.
According to one scientific study in the National Library of Medicine, capsaicin consumed in abundance can iritate the lining (膜) of your stomach after you eat it. The resulting symptoms of too much capsaicin include nausea, vomiting,abdominal pain, and burning diarrhea.
Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist said, “When spicy food creates inflammation (炎症) in the gut — from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms — sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema.” “Spicy foods can also kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn. Lying down makes heartburn worse, and the discomfort from heartburn hinders sleep,” said the health experts at WebMD．
32．How can spicy food help with weight loss
A．By burning less energy. B．By speeding up fat-burning.
C．By breaking down more sugar. D．By stimulating the desire for salt.
33．What do we know about eating too much spicy food
A．It benefits your skin. B．It affects your sleep.
C．It hardly stirs your stomach. D．It does no damage to your health.
34．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．Spicy food can extend our life.
B．Capsaicin does harm to our health.
C．Eating spices can prevent diseases.
D．Capsaicin is a double-edged sword.
35．What is the author’s attitude towards eating spicy food
A．Skeptical. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Uncaring.
If you are hot or overheated, what should you do to stay cool without air conditioning The following tips might help you.
Stay hydrated
When you’re hot and flushed, hydrating yourself is the first and foremost step to cool down, said Wendell Porter, a senior lecturer in agricultural and biological engineering at the University of Florida. The temperature of the water doesn’t matter since your body will heat it, he added.If your body is suffering from the heat and needs to cool itself, it can’t do that without enough moisture, since the body cools itself by sweating.
Take a cold shower
Taking a cold shower or bath helps cool your body by lowering your core temperature, Porter said.For an extra cool blast, try peppermint(薄荷)soap.The menthol in peppermint oil activates brain receptors that tell your body something you’re eating or feeling is cold.
Use the exhaust fan in your kitchen and/or bathroom
Turn on the switch for the exhaust fan in your kitchen to pull hot air that rises after you cook or in your bathroom to draw out steam after you shower.
Enjoy frozen treats
Eating an ice pop or ice cream to cool down may help for a moment. But don’t consume too much sugar if you’re overheated, Porter said. “Sugar would boost your metabolism (新陈代谢) and you’d start feeling internally hot,”he said.“So the cool treat might be good, but the extra sugar might not.”
36．How can you lower your core temperature according to the passage
A．By drinking cold water.
B．By taking a cold shower.
C．By eating an ice pop or ice cream.
D．By using the exhaust fan in your kitchen.
37．What should be avoided if one wants to cool down
A．Staying hydrated.
B．Trying peppermint soap.
C．Sweating yourself.
D．Enjoying sugary frozen treats.
38．Where can the passage be found
A．In a wellness book
B．In a history report.
C．In an art magazine.
D．In science fiction.
参考答案
1．B
2．A
3．D
4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一款叫做Social Recall的应用程序，这款新的应用程序帮助人们识别面孔，但也有可能泄露隐私。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The app, called Social Recall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions.(这款名为Social Recall的应用软件可以通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别功能将名字和人脸联系起来，从而避免了正式介绍的必要)”可推知，Social Recall是用来识别人的。故选B。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“After receiving an invitation to download Social Recall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media.(在收到活动组织者发出的下载Social Recall的邀请后，用户需要自拍两张，然后通过社交媒体登录)”及“When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile.(当用户将手机摄像头对准参与者的脸时，该应用程序就能识别此人，显示此人的名字，并链接到他或她的社交媒体资料)”可知，文章第三段主要介绍了Social Recall应用软件的工作原理。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed.(要使用这款应用，用户首先要从智能手机的摄像头或照片中获取某人的面部图像，然后用名字标记它。当相机在现实生活中发现同一张脸时，之前输入的信息就会显示出来)”可知，当Social Recall在现实生活中发现的面孔与之前储存的面孔一致时，就会显示这个人的信息，从而帮助脸盲症患者。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution. (一款新的面部识别应用可能会救场，但隐私专家建议谨慎行事)”以及第四段第二句到段末“She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”(然而，她警告说，当人们选择在应用程序上分享他们的个人信息时，他们应该知道“在未来的道路上，可能会有意想不到的后果，这些信息被用于另一种情况，可能会反过来咬你一口。”)”可推知，Social Recall应用程序可能会危及人们的隐私。故选A。
5．D
6．C
7．B
8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍一个科学团队开发了一种方法来证明并非“条条大路通罗马”，同时也指出古罗马道路建设的重要性。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The team then developed a method to calculate the best route to Rome using modern routes from each of those starting points. The more frequently a road was used across the different points, the thicker it was drawn on the map. (然后，该团队开发了一种方法，利用从每个出发点出发的现代路线，计算出前往罗马的最佳路线。一条路在不同的点上使用得越频繁，它在地图上画得就越厚)”可知，该团队用新方法寻找到罗马的最佳线路网络。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Modern routes are often the same in most cases. In other words, many of Europe’s multi-lane highways are the successors of Rome roads.(现代路线在大多数情况下都是一样的。换句话说，欧洲的许多多车道高速公路都是罗马公路的继承者)”推知，罗马道路的建立的重要性在于为欧洲的道路风格树立了一个很好的榜样。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“In ancient times, roads were mainly built to ensure people could travel around within a short time. (在古代，道路主要是为了保证人们可以在短时间内出行)”可知，在古代，修建道路时人们看重的是它们是否能帮助节约时间。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“As the saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome”—but was that really the case The answer is not as easy as an unqualified “yes” or “no”. It’s a little more complicated than that.(常言道：“条条大路通罗马”——这是真的吗？要回答这个问题并不像无条件地说“是”或“不是”那么容易。实际情况要复杂一些)”和最后一段“So, was the saying in Paragraph 1 right No, but an awful lot of important ones eventually made their way there.(那么，第一段中的说法正确吗？没有，但很多重要的东西最终都到了那里)”可知，本文主要介绍一个科学团队开发了一种方法来证明并非“条条大路通罗马”，同时也指出古罗马道路建设的重要性。故A项“条条大路通罗马吗？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
9．A
10．D
11．B
12．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者在十五岁的时候患上了严重的背部和腿部疼痛，严重影响了学习和生活，却并不被理解和宽容，直到看了电影《痛苦与荣耀》，作者明白了理解和耐心可以帮助我们缓解痛苦。
9．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“I had a sharp pain in my back and down my leg. Within a year, I had three nerve root injections (神经根注射) and an operation on my back. But the pain remained.(我的背部和腿部都有剧痛。一年之内，我接受了三次神经根注射和背部手术。但是疼痛依然存在。)”和第二段中“However, like my other classmates, I had two arms, two legs and I could walk downstairs.(然而，像我的其他同学一样，我有两只手，两条腿，我可以走下楼。)”及“But sometimes I just couldn’t stand it and I had to stay in bed rather than attend school, missing a lot of my education.(但有时我就是无法忍受，我不得不躺在床上而不是去上学，错过了很多我的教育。)”可知，此处是指对别人来说，作者的身体疼痛并不存在，但是作者能感觉到身体疼痛。所以that是指身体疼痛。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“My grades fell quickly and school became even harder than it had been before. However, like my other classmates, I had two arms, two legs and I could walk downstairs.(我的成绩下降得很快，学习变得比以前更难了。然而，像我的其他同学一样，我有两只手，两条腿，我可以走下楼。)”和第三段中“What was difficult was that I fell into a rather unclear category. I struggled to use the term “disability” and, quite honestly, I still didn’t know if I should. No one had given me the green light.(困难的是，我属于一个相当不清楚的类别。我挣扎着使用“残疾”这个词，老实说，我仍然不知道我是否应该这样做。没有人给我开绿灯。)”可知，被以一个健康的人的标准来衡量让作者认为事情对他来说很困难。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He captured them all — the nerve pain and the back pain and the visuals were unbelievably accurate. I whispered, “That’s what it’s like!” Then I couldn’t help bursting into tears.(他把这些都拍了下来——神经痛和背痛，视觉效果非常准确。我低声说：“就是这样！”然后我忍不住哭了起来。)”可知，作者在看完这部电影后流下了眼泪是因为它让他想起了自己相似的感受。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“Of course, people can’t see the invisible, but try listening, being patient and giving people the benefit of the doubt. They certainly don’t make the pain go away. But they can make moving around in this world a little easier to bear.(当然，人们不可能看到看不见的东西，但是试着倾听，保持耐心，让人们从怀疑中受益。它们当然不能消除疼痛。但它们可以让你在这个世界上更容易忍受。)”可知，被理解有助于缓解我们的痛苦状况。故选D。
13．C
14．B
15．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个达拉斯最适合孩子的景点。
13．细节理解题。根据“Chicken Scratch”部分最后一句“The all-natural fresh fruit ice cream really hits the spot in summer and be sure not to miss it then.”(纯天然的新鲜水果冰淇淋在夏天真是太棒了，一定不要错过。)可知，在炎热的天气里，强烈建议游客品尝一下Chicken Scratch的水果冰淇淋。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据“Celebration Restaurant”部分第二句“Open since 1971, Dallas’s “original farm-to-table restaurant” is quite the property, with a full-service bar and a big yard.”(达拉斯的这家“从农场到餐桌的原始餐厅”自1971年开业以来，拥有一个提供全方位服务的酒吧和一个大院子。)可知，庆典餐厅的亮点在于其新鲜的食物资源。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据“Klyde Warren Park”部分最后一句“Find a table, or spread out a blanket on the lawn; you can either bring food with you or order food at the food trucks.”(找一张桌子，或者在草坪上铺一条毯子；你可以自带食物，也可以在餐车上点餐。)可知，想和孩子一起野餐的夫妇可能会去2012 Woodall Rodgers Fwy. Dallas。故选D。
16．C
17．A
18．D
19．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科学家们成功地将人类脑细胞植入新生大鼠体内，为研究精神分裂症等复杂精神疾病创造了一种新方法。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段话“Scientists can assemble small sections of human brain tissue made from stem cells in a special container. But in such a container,“neurons(神经元) don’t grow to the size, to which a human neuron in an actual human brain would grow,” said Sergiu Pasca, the study’s lead author from Stanford University. To overcome such restrictions, researchers implanted the groupings of human brain cells, called organoids, into the brains of young rats.(科学家们可以将由干细胞制成的一小部分人脑组织组装在一个特殊的容器中。但在这样的容器中，“神经元不会生长到实际人脑中人类神经元生长的大小，”来自斯坦福大学的该研究的主要作者Sergiu Pasca说。为了克服这些限制，研究人员将人类脑细胞的分组植入年轻大鼠的大脑中。)”可知，放在特殊容器中，容易限制神经元的生长，故选C项。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第三段话“Human neurons have also been implanted into adult rats before, but an animal’s brain stops developing at a certain age, limiting how well implanted cells can integrate. “By transplanting them at these early stages, we found that these organoids can grow relatively large and receive nutrients, and they can cover about a third of a rat’s brain,”said Pasca.(人类神经元以前也被植入成年大鼠体内，但动物的大脑在特定年龄停止发育，限制了植入细胞的整合程度。帕斯卡说：“通过在这些早期阶段移植它们，我们发现这些类器官可以长得相对较大，并接受营养，它们可以覆盖大鼠大脑的三分之一。”)”可知，神经元在成年大鼠体内成长的不是很完善，更早期移植却能长的相对大一些。因此可以得知，大鼠的年龄对研究也有一定影响。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第五段话“The scientists then conducted another test in the opposite order: They implanted human brain cells which could respond to blue light, and then trained the rats to expect a “reward” of water from a pipe when blue light shone on the neurons via a cable in the animals’ brain. After two weeks, they found pulsing the blue light sent the rats scrambling to the pipe.(然后，科学家们以相反的顺序进行了另一项测试：他们植入了对蓝光有反应的人类脑细胞，然后训练大鼠在蓝光通过动物大脑中的电缆照射到神经元时，期望从管道中获得水的“奖励”。两周后，他们发现脉冲蓝光会让老鼠爬向管道。)”可知，科学家们再做一次实验是为了核实信号是否会被反射回身体里。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段话“Tara Spires-Jones, a professor at the University of Edinburgh’s UK Dementia Research Institute, said the work “has the potential to advance what we know about psychiatric disorders.”(爱丁堡大学英国痴呆症研究所的塔拉·斯派尔斯-琼斯教授说，这项工作“有可能推进我们对精神疾病的了解。”)”可知，这项研究有助于推进研究者对精神疾病的了解。故选B项。
20．B
21．B
22．C
23．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了随着手机的广泛使用，摄影也被重新定义，成为一种视觉的语言。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all amateur photographers, and pretty good ones at that, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.”（今天，随着我们的智能手机上有大量的摄像应用程序，我们都是业余摄影师，而且是相当不错的业余摄影师，因为现在智能手机图像的质量几乎等同于数码相机。）可知，由于智能手机中各种各样的照相软件，我们都成了业余摄影师，因此可知，手机提供的极大的便利让我们都成了业余摄影师。故选B。
21．推理判断题。根据第二段中“We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat—or the cat’s breakfast.”（我们痴迷于记录每天的时刻，无论是我们的早餐还是我们的猫——或猫的早餐的镜头。），第三段中“When there are political events or natural disasters, it is ordinary citizens with cell phones--not photojournalists—who often provide the first news images. Quality still matters,but it’s less important than what’s relevant and instantly shared.”（当发生政治事件或自然灾害时，提供第一手新闻图片的往往是拿着手机的普通公民，而不是摄影记者。质量仍然很重要，但比起相关的和即时分享的东西，质量变得不重要。）可知，数字相机可以让人们更容易获取最新的影像，改变了我们的生活。故选B。
22．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Yet photography has always more stories than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions—where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and out of the frame. Images can also be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Such images may be more useful in communicating how the people behind the camera felt than in documenting what was actually in front of the camera.”（在数字图像出现之前，大多数人相信照片能够准确地反映现实。然而，摄影的故事总是比我们想象的要多。每一张照片都是一系列决定的结果——站在哪里，用什么镜头，镜头里面和镜头外面应该留下什么。图像也可以被着色、加亮、褪色和刮花，以使照片更具艺术性，或使它们看起来像古董。比起记录摄像机前的真实情况，这些图像可能更有助于传达摄像机后的人的感受。）可知，本段讲述了照片背后的故事总是比我们想象的要多，人们还可以对照片进行修饰，以便传达摄影人的感受，因此推断本段主要讲述每张照片的背后都有很多的主观因素。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language, one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world.Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists.”（也许我们正在见证一种通用视觉语言的发展，一种可以改变我们彼此关系和世界的方式。当然，就像任何一种语言一样，总会有人写诗，也有人写购物清单。）可知，visual language可以提供给我们一种新的表达自己的交流工具。故选D。
24．B
25．D
26．A
27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项最新研究显示，格陵兰岛“僵尸冰”的融化将使全球海平面上升至少27厘米。
24．指代猜测题。根据第二段中画线词前一句“Meanwhile the doomed ice is melting from climate change, said study author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.(研究论文的合著者、丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局的冰川学家William Colgan称，由于气候变化，这些‘僵尸冰’正在融化)”可知，画线句“It is dead ice.(这是死冰)”中的It指代上文提到的“僵尸冰”。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In perfect balance, snowfall in the mountains in Greenland flows down and recharges and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges. But in the last few decades there’s less replenishment and more melting, creating imbalance.(在完美的平衡状态下，格陵兰岛山区的降雪向下流动，使冰川两侧重新结冰变厚，平衡了边缘的融化。但在过去的几十年里，补给更少，融化更多，造成了不平衡)”可知，由于山区降雪向下流动得更少，无法抵消边缘的融化，才造成了不平衡。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段“The unavoidable ten inches in the study is more than twice as much sea level rise as scientists had previously expected from the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet. The study in the journal Nature Climate Change said it could reach as much as 30 inches. By contrast, last year’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report predicted a range of 2 to 5 inches for likely sea level rise from Greenland ice melt by the year 2100.(研究预测格陵兰冰盖不可避免的融化将导致海平面上升10英寸，这一数值是科学家此前预测的两倍多。这项发表在《自然气候变化》杂志上的研究显示，最高可能会导致海平面上升30英寸。相比之下，去年联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会的报告预测，到2100年，格陵兰冰川融化可能导致海平面上升2至5英寸)”可知，本段是通过列举数字来证明格陵兰岛的冰融化速度很快。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘It is dead ice. It’s just going to melt and disappear from the ice sheet,’ said in an interview. ‘This ice has entered the ocean, regardless of what climate emission plan we take now.’(‘这是死冰，它将融化并从冰盖上消失。’Colgan在一次采访中称。‘不管我们现在采取怎样的气候排放方案，这些冰都会融入海洋中。’)”可知，所有的僵尸冰可能迟早都会消失。故选A。
28．C
29．D
30．D
171．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同通信技术的诚信水平是不同的。
28．细节理解题。由第一段中的“The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has discovered that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. (第一项在一系列通信媒体中比较诚实的研究发现，人们在电话交谈中说谎的可能性是在电子邮件中说谎的两倍)”和第二段中的“In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting over 10 minutes and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls. (在报告中，他们记录了超过10分钟的对话或电子邮件交流次数，以及他们说了多少谎。然后汉考克计算出每种媒体每次谈话的谎言数量。他发现，在电子邮件中，谎言占14%，在即时消息中占21%，在面对面交流中占27%，在电话中占惊人的37%)”可知，第一段提到的研究就是Hancock的研究，他的研究以人们在各种通信媒体中的诚实程度为中心。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。由第四段中的“But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie (但汉考克表示，谈话是否被记录下来，是否可以重读，以及是否实时发生，也至关重要。人们似乎害怕撒谎)”和“This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. (这就是为什么电子邮件中出现的谎言比电话中少的原因)”可知，如果知道交流的内容会被记录下来，事后能被用来再次阅读，人们似乎就害怕撒谎，可得出在某些通信媒体中人们会说出真相，是因为他们害怕留下撒谎的痕迹。故选D项。
30．词句猜测题。由第四段“But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. (但汉考克表示，谈话是否被记录下来，是否可以重读，以及是否实时发生，也至关重要。他说，人们似乎害怕撒谎，因为他们知道这些信息可能会被用来hold them to account。这就是为什么电子邮件中出现的谎言比电话中少的原因)”可知，如果知道交流的内容会被记录下来，事后能被用来再次阅读，人们似乎就害怕撒谎，因为如果撒谎的话，他们会留下撒谎的痕迹，这些痕迹会被用来追究责任，hold them to account可得出意为“让他们承担责任（Let them take responsibility）”。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“For instance the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. (电话可能是销售的最好媒介，打电话时雇员可以夸大事实)”可知，汉考克认为电话是促进销售的首选媒介是因为销售人员夸大其词会感到轻松。故选A项。
32．B
33．B
34．D
35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。据研究，吃辣椒（辛辣食物）可以降低死亡率，还可帮助减肥。但是过量吃辛辣食物会伤害身体。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘It seems to speed up the body’s fat-burning metabolism,’ says Patricia Bridget Lane, a registered nutritionist. ‘It helps to break down more fat and burn more energy, which can help with weight loss and weight management.’(注册营养学家帕特丽夏·布里吉特·莱恩说：“它似乎可以加速身体燃烧脂肪的新陈代谢。它有助于分解更多脂肪，燃烧更多能量，有助于减肥和体重管理。”)”可知，辛辣食物是通过加速脂肪燃烧来帮助减肥的。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句句“‘Spicy foods can also kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn. Lying down makes heartburn worse,and the discomfort from heartburn hinders sleep,’ said the health experts at WebMD.( “辛辣食物也会导致胃灼热，从而影响睡眠。躺着会使胃灼热更严重，而胃灼热的不适会妨碍睡眠，”WebMD的健康专家说。)”可知，吃过量辛辣食物会影响睡眠。故选B项。
34．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合根据第二段第二句“Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention.( 根据哈佛大学和中国疾病预防控制中心2015年的一项大型研究，每周吃六到七天的辛辣食物，即使每天只吃一次，也能降低14%的死亡率。)”和最后一句“If you’re immersing your food in too much hot sauce — or you’re eating entirely too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels — you could be damaging your body as well.( 如果你把食物浸在太多的辣酱里，或者你吃了太多香料含量超高的食物，你的身体也会受到损害。)”可知，文章介绍了辛辣食物既能给人的身体带来好处，过量食用也会带来坏处，所以“辛辣食物是一把双刃剑”是文章主要内容。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段第二句“Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention.( 根据哈佛大学和中国疾病预防控制中心2015年的一项大型研究，每周吃六到七天的辛辣食物，即使每天只吃一次，也能降低14%的死亡率。)”和最后一段第一句“Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist said, ‘When spicy food creates inflammation (炎症) in the gut — from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms — sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema.’(佛罗里达皮肤科医生丽贝卡·东医学博士说：“当辛辣食物引起肠道炎症时——比如胃痛、反酸或其他症状——有时这种炎症也会出现在皮肤上，如潮红、痤疮甚至湿疹。”)”可知，作者是客观描述了辛辣食物对人的健康的积极和消极影响，所以作者对吃辛辣食物的态度是客观。故选C项。
36．B
37．D
38．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是在没有空调的情况下如何保持凉爽。
36．细节理解题。根据Take a cold shower部分中“Taking a cold shower or bath helps cool your body by lowering your core temperature, Porter said.(波特说，洗冷水澡或冷水淋浴通过降低核心温度的方式来帮助身体降温。)”可知，洗冷水澡或者冷水淋雨可以降低身体的核心温度。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Sugar would boost your metabolism (新陈代谢) and you’d start feeling internally hot,”he said.“So the cool treat might be good, but the extra sugar might not.”(他说:“糖会促进你的新陈代谢，你会开始感到内热。所以凉爽的食物可能很好，但额外的糖可能就不好了。”)”可知，享受冰冻甜食有时是不能让你凉爽的，因此应该避免冰冻甜食。故选D。
38．推理判断题。通读全文，文章就在没有空调的情况下如何保持凉爽提出了四个方法。这四个方法都是健康的降温方法，故推断文章出自于一本健康的书籍。故选A。