2023年中考英语复习专题★★主谓一致课件(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
2023年中考英语复习专题★★
He is an honest man.
他是个诚实的人。
He was a doctor when he was young.
他年轻时当过医生。
You are just the man I want.
你正是我要找的人。
I took a quick glance at the house and noticed it was very old.
我瞥了一眼房子，注意到房子已很古旧了。
I figure you people are pretty well fixed.
我估计你们这些人的境遇都很不错。
So you are all going to Hang Zhou for your holidays. Lucky you!
这么说，你们全都要去杭州度假。你们可真运气！
The vehicle was found abandoned near the village.
车子被发现扔在村子附近。
Anything black absorbs most of the light rays that fall on it.
任何黑色的物体都能吸收照射到它上面的大部分光线。
His imagination so abstracted him that his name was called twice before he answered.
他正凝神遐想，别人叫了他两遍才吱声答应。
We have never accepted the belief that synthetics are superior to natural rubber.
我们从来不相信合成橡胶比天然橡胶好。
The dash adds on an afterthought.
破折号用来附加事后想到的内容。
He will buy back his property.
他将赎回自己的财产。
When shall I know the result of the medical checkup
我什么时候才能知道体检结果。
I wondered if I should be in time for the train.
我不知道是否能来得及赶上火车。
The manager would have his own way.
那位经理总是一意孤行。
They don’t understand the way he does things.
他们不理解他的办事方式。
If he catches you, he will let you have it.
如果你让他给抓住，那就有你受的了。
5.1.2 逻辑一致
1）逻辑一致是指谓语动词的形式不取决于主语的表层语法形态，而取决于它的深层逻辑含义。虽然一个做主语的名词的形式是单数，但如果它表示的是复数的含义，谓语动词也应用复数形式，反之亦然。有时同一个词在不同的语境表示不同的逻辑意义，则需要依据其含义使用不同的动词形式，应注意体味、把握不同的动词形式，应注意体味、把握不同的动词形式所体现的主语的确切的逻辑含义：
The family (be) a happy one.
那是个幸福的家庭。
My family (be) all tall.
我的家人个子都很高大。
The recent statistics on marriage (be) interesting.
最近关于婚姻情况的统计资料挺有意思。
Statistics (be) not as difficult as some people think.
统计学并不像某些人想象的那么难。
The committee (meet) today at four.
委员会今天下午四时开会。
The committee (be) arguing for an hour before they gave their votes.
在投票表决之前，委员会内部争论了一个小时。
Ethics (deal) with moral conduct.
伦理学是研究道德行为的。
The ethics of his decision (be) doubtful.
他那决定中的道德准绳值得怀疑。
The police (be) searching for a tall dark man.
警察正在搜查一个皮肤黝黑的高个子男人。
At this point the police (be) called in.
就在这个时候，警察被叫进来了。
2）充当主语的名词词组即使具有可数名词复数的形态，但表达的若作为一个单位看待的单数的含义，动词也需要用单数的形式；
含有分数、百分数的名词词组后的动词形式依据名词词组充当主语的句子，谓语动词往往用单数形式，如：
Fifty students for a class is the utmost limit.
每班人数最多不能超过50人。
Two hours is the time limit for the examination.
本次考试时限为两个小时。
Is ten dollars a big sum to him
对他来说十块钱就是个大数目吗？
3）用连接词连接的主语后的谓语动词的数视情况而定。一般说来，用and连接的并列主语后用复数动词，但如果and连接的是指同一个事物或人，或指联系密切、常作为一个整体看待的人或事物，谓语动词也用单数；
用as well as连接的名词词组与连接语之前的名词的数一致；
名词后用介词with连接其他名词时，动词与with之前的名词的数一致；
用both…and连接的并列名词主语往往用复数动词，如：
A knife and fork is needed when one is eating.
人们进餐时需要用刀叉。
A cart and horse was what he needed to carry himself away.
他只需要一辆马车把自己载走。
This bread and butter is too thick.
这片涂黄油的面包太厚了。
A watch and chain was given to him by his father as a birthday present.
父亲送他一块带链的表作为生日礼物。
A rod and line is needed for angling.
钓鱼需要鱼线鱼竿。
English and Chinese are quite different languages.
英语和汉语是完全不同的语言。
Both the rubber and pith ball are negatively charged.
这时，橡胶棒和木髓都带上了负电荷。
I as well as they am anxious about your safe arrival.
我跟他们一样急于知道你平安到达的消息。
She, with her two daughters, comes to spend the weekend on the farm once every two weeks.
她和她的两个女儿每隔一周要到农场来度一次周末。
4）含有否定意义的不定代词或其他一些不定代词做主语时，谓语动词往往用单数，其中none是例外。
用含有every 构成的合成词做主语时，句子后边部分的代词往往遵循逻辑一致原则用复数；
表示数目意义的词做主语往往用单数动词；
形容词前边加定冠词表一类人或事物时，后边动词用复数；
形容词性从句中动词的数往往与从句先行词的数一致
Each of them is to pay his own fine.
他们得各人付自己的罚款。
There was nobody there.
那儿一个人也没有。
There is nothing I should enjoy more.
这是我最大的乐事。
Nevertheless, none of the scientists on the scene were prepared for the awesome scale of the events that soon followed.
然而，在现场的科学家们并没有一位对即将面临的可怕事件有所准备。
Everybody initiates and receives messages in some form or other.
每个人都以不同的方式发出并接收信息。
11 minus 4 leaves 7.
十一减去四得七。
28divided by 4 is 7.
二十八除以四得七。
The rich are not always happy.
有钱人并不总是幸福的。
The deaf and dumb need special help.
聋哑人需要特殊帮助。
There is something in his manner which irritates others.
他的态度有激怒别人的地方。
There were few eggs which weren’t broken.
没破掉的蛋没有几个。
5.1.3毗邻一致
毗邻一致原则是指句子中主语是由关联词语或其他连接语引导的两个或两个以上的名词词组充当时，谓语动词的数与其毗邻的名词词组的数保持一致的原则，如：
Not only Henry but also his friends were unequivocally apposed to the compromise.
不仅亨利还有他的朋友们都反对这种妥协。
Either my brother or his friends are going.
要么是我弟弟，要么是他的朋友们要去。
Neither the girls nor John is to blame.
既不怨姑娘们，也不怨约翰。
Cash or bills are accepted here in this store.
本店既接受现款又接受支票。
5.2很多情况下应该综合利用这三个原则来处理主谓一致，在不同情况下可能应用三个原则中的不同原则，具体应用哪种原则应该视具体情况而定。总结如下：
5.2.1谓语动词用单数的情况 1．动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。
如： Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.
2. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积、长度等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数
如： Two weeks was too long . Five times five makes twenty five.
3．当and 连接的两个单数形式的名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数 如:
law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉 the needle and thread 针线
trial and error 反复尝试，不断摸索 horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月 bread and butter 奶油面包
the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮涨潮落
His warmest admirer and severest critic was his wife.
他的妻子是他最热心的崇拜者和最严厉的批评者。
Whisky and soda is always my favorite drink.
威士忌加苏打总是最和我的口味。
War and peace is a constant theme in history.
战争与和平永远是历史主题。
再如：
If law and order is not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.
Bread and butter is our daily food .
Time and tide waits for no man.
4．表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词以及表示国家、组织等名称的专有名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式
arthritics关节炎 statistics统计学
measles 麻疹 phonetics 语音学
optics 光学 genetics 遗传学
General Motors 通用公司
the Netherlands 荷兰
the New York Times 纽约时报
the United Nations 联合国
如： Linguistics is a branch of study on human language .
语言学是研究人类语言的分支学科。
Statistics is an indispensable analytical tool in modern society.
统计学是现代社会必不可少的分析工具。
Measles is much less common now than it used to be .
现在麻疹远没有过去常见。
General Motors is a large multinational company.
通用公司是一家大型的跨国公司。
5.有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数，根据意义一致原则动词用单数
如： The chaos was stopped by the police. The news is a great encouragement to us. A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend.
6. a pair of + 由两部分构成的物体的名词（如：shoes, scissors, glasses, jeans, pants, trousers 等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：
My new pair of pants is being altered.
我的一条短裤正在被修改。
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days.
现在配一副眼镜要花很多钱。
但是这些名词直接作主语时，谓语用复数。
如：
My black trousers have worn out.
我的黑裤子已经穿破了。
5.2.2 谓语用复数情况 1． 由and, both …and, 连接的并列主语，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式 如：
Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.
2.集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词
如： The Chinese people are brave and hardworking. The cattle are grazing in the sunshine .
3．当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式 如：
The Japanese were once very aggressive .
4．某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数 如：
The rich are not always selfish.
5．不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数 如：
Three million tons of coal were exported that year.
5.2.3谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况 1． 就近一致原则 这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：
1） 由连词 either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…;not only…but (also) ;or 等连接的并列主语
如： Neither money nor fame has influence on me . Not only you but also he is wrong .
2) 在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致
如： Blocking the open-sided porch, framed by the enveloping fog, stands a tall grave-faced policeman. Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.
2． 主语带有（together/along）with, such as，accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to , including, together with 等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致
如：
Professor Taylor , with six of his students ,is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations. The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.
3．关系代词做主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词一致。
如： Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood. There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which do not bring a return in money to the community.
4．一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括：a lot of /lots of; plenty of/heaps of; half of; two-thirds (three-fourths…) of; eighty (ten, twenty…) percent; part of; rest of ; none of 等等
如：
Two-thirds of people present are women. Lots of damage was caused by the fire .
5．集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。
这些集体名词如：army, audience, band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. crowd, firm, family 等等
The family is the basic unit of our society. The family were watching the TV .
6．某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数
第一组： 谓语用复数 a great many + 可数名词复数 a number of + 可数名词复数 the majority of + 可数名词复数
第二组； 谓语用单数 the number of + 可数名词复数 each/every + 可数名词复数 neither/either of + 可数名词复数
one and a half + 可数名词复数
第三组；谓语用单数 more than one + 可数名词单数
many a + 可数名词单数
第四组；谓语的数与of 后面的名词一致 the greater part of a large proportion of 50% of one third of plenty of the rest of
第五组； (n)either …(n)or…. not only….. but also …… not …..but …… 谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即(n)or/ but also/ but引导的后面部分）一致. 注意比较： More students than one have been referred to . More than one student is going to buy this book.
Exercise Five
1.How close parents are to their children__ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A. have
B. has
C. having
D. to have
2. Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university___.
A. has been accepted
B. have been accepted
C. was accepted
D. were accepted
3. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes,___ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.
A. have allowed
B. allow
C. allowing
D. allows
答案
B 父母与子女亲近的程度对于子女的性格培养有强烈的影响。
C 申请这个大学职位的两个年轻人都没被录用。
D 有弹性的兼职工作方式以及培训计划的推广，使得越来越多的妇女能利用就业的机会。