河南高考英语阅读理解专项训练（10篇有解析）
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| 名称 | 河南高考英语阅读理解专项训练（10篇有解析） |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 37.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-11 18:54:01 | ||
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Liu Yexi has taken Douyin by storm. As of Nov. 17, the virtual idol, who appeared on the social media platform on Oct. 31, had only released two short videos but attracted over 5 million followers. Different from other virtual idols, Liu is defined as a “virtual beauty vlogger”. In her first video, Liu is doing makeup with an eye brush while dressed in a traditional Chinese costume. When she turns around, the onlookers are terrified, except one boy. Then Liu slightly brushes the boys eyes, allowing him to see the fantasy world in her own eyes.
The internet users were impressed by its storyline, science-fiction elements and special visual effects with cyberpunk style. Liang Zikang, the CEO of the production team, told China Newsweek that the team spent two months making the video.
Lius instant popularity online further reflects that the virtual idol industry in China has been booming. There are over 32,400 virtual idols that have opened accounts on video-sharing platform Bilibili in the past year, seeing a year-on-year rise of 40 percent, Chen Rui, the CEO of Bilibili, said in a speech.
“Compared with real idols and stars, the virtual ones seem to be more approachable for fans,” Shine News noted. Additionally, these virtual web celebrities wont have scandals.
As more young people are fascinated by these virtual figures, their commercial value has been on the rise. Generally, they earn money by endorsements (代言), online concerts, livestreaming and related products. For example, Luo Tianyi, a well-known virtual singer, cooperated with livestreamer Li Jiaqi to promote goods in 2020.
Therefore, some people are wondering whether they will replace real humans. “These so-called virtual idols have real human teams to back them up and control them. They are not really virtual,” Ding Daoshi, an independent analyst in the internet sector, told the Global Times. The real virtual idol will come when artificial intelligence achieves a new level of self-learning and self-training and then interacts with others, he added.
1．Which of the following contributes to the popularity of Liu Yexis video
A．The video involves sci-fi elements.
B．The video features funny visual effects.
C．The video teaches useful makeup skills.
D．The video tells a traditional Chinese story.
2．Which is an advantage virtual idols have over real idols
A．They can attract more followers.
B．They have higher commercial value.
C．They can be approached more easily.
D．They are equipped with better talents.
3．What do we know about the current virtual idols according to Ding
A．They can interact with each other.
B．They will replace human idols soon.
C．They are dependent on human teams.
D．They can learn and train by themselves.
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．Virtual idols are sweeping the Internet.
B．People raise concern about virtual idols.
C．AI technology has made a new breakthrough.
D．Social media platforms are gaining popularity.
A recent study by a group of researchers found that there is a link between happiness and a term that the researchers coined called “relational diversity.”
Using public data from sources like the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the World Health Organization, the researchers were able to analyze data sets and survey responses from people who had shared their daily habits, schedules and interactions. They noticed a clear relationship between relational diversity and overall levels of satisfaction.
Hanne Collins, a Harvard Business School doctoral student who co-authored the study, says that relational diversity is composed of two elements: richness and evenness.
Richness measures relationship categories, or how many kinds of people you interact with in a day. That could be your romantic partner, a family member, a neighbor or a stranger. “The more relationship categories they talk to in a day and the more even their conversations are across those categories, the happier they are. And we find this in a large sample across many countries,” Collins said.
Evenness relates to the distribution of conversations among those different relationship categories. Some people may find themselves interacting with colleagues at work more than, say, their family members. “If you have a few conversations with colleagues, a few with friends, a few with a romantic partner or a couple chats with strangers, thats going to be more even across these categories,” Collins explained.
Ultimately, Collins says, the study gives insight to the idea that humans are social creatures at heart. Having a support system is important, but it goes beyond your inner circle. “Its about this mix. Its about connecting with people who are close to you, who are maybe less close to you, who connect you with other people, who provide different kinds of support,” she said. “Essentially, the idea is that the more diverse your social portfolio (社交档案), the happier you are and the higher your well-being.”
Next time you consider striking up a conversation with a stranger in line at the grocery store or while waiting at the coffee shop, keep in mind that it might be beneficial to your well-being.
5．How does the author explain the term “relational diversity”
A．By listing statistics. B．By making comparison.
C．By giving definitions and examples. D．By describing the process.
6．Who is the happiest according to the study
A．A person who interacts most with his family members.
B．A person who communicates frequently with his friends.
C．A person who seldom strikes up conversations with strangers.
D．A person who has ever conversations with many different people.
7．Which of the statements about the study is true
A．Researchers came up with a new concept.
B．It shows that a support system is not necessary.
C．Researchers collected data by conducting experiments.
D．It was led by a doctoral student from Harvard Business School.
8．What is the writers attitude towards the result of the study
A．Neutral. B．Skeptical.
C．Opposed. D．Approving.
As one of the most popular Podcasts( 播客), we’re excited to announce that applications for the Code Switch Fellowships Class of 2022 are now open. There are two fellowships designed to allow experienced, working journalists to develop and report an in-depth story about race, identity and social justice. Fellowships are open to all mid-career journalists and storytellers.
What we’re looking for in a fellow
Ideally, you’re a mid-career journalist and already have a story in mind, but could use guidance and resources to report. You would benefit from weekly check-ins with a dedicated editor, training on how to report, script and produce sound-rich narratives, and working with a team that has expertise covering race and identity. You might have a track record covering stories about race, working in audio or both. You’re excited to spend 6-7 months working on one story, from ideation to reporting, scripting and production.
What you should expect
These fellowships are designed to be flexible, so that fellows can continue working their current jobs while crafting their stories for Code Switch. Fellows will receive a stipend( 津贴) of $12,000 to cover travel and reporting related costs, worked out together with the fellows current employer. Up to two candidates will be selected.
How to submit an application
Applicants must submit a detailed proposal for the story or project they wish to pursue and the resources and financial support they’ll likely need to complete it. Applicants should submit their proposal and a resume ( attached as PDFs) to codeswitch@ , with the subject line “ Code Switch Mid-career Fellowship Application”.
The deadline for applying for this reporting fellowship is September 30, 2022. If you have any questions, click here to reach out to the Code Switch editors.
9．What do we know about the fellowships
A．Fellows need to quit their current jobs.
B．Fellows will receive editorial support to report a story.
C．Fellows need to spend a long time covering a story on their own.
D．Fellows will have to pay for their travelling and reporting expenses.
10．What is required while submitting an application
A．The resume should be in the form of JPG.
B．The application should be submitted by post.
C．The application should be sent with a subject line.
D．The submission shouldnt be earlier than September 30, 2022.
11．Where is this text most likely to be taken from
A．A magazine. B．A website. C．A research report. D．A novel.
Around the globe, 50 UNESCO World Heritage sites are home to glaciers and about 18,600 glaciers are found in these World Heritage sites, which represent about a tenth of the glacierized area on Earth. Those glaciers are losing some 58 billion tons of ice each year and contribute to almost 5% of observed sea level rise globally. A new study warns that glaciers in a third of these World Heritage sites will disappear by 2050 due to carbon emissions warming the planet. The other two-thirds can still be saved — but only if global temperatures dont exceed 1. 5 degrees Celsius compared with pre-industrial times.
The last remaining glaciers in Africa are predicted to melt by 2050, including those at Kilimanjaro National Park and Mount Kenya. The fastest melting glaciers on the list are those at Three Parallel Rivers National Park in Chinas Yunnan province. Glaciers there have already lost more than 57% of their mass in the last 20 years. In the U. S. , the glaciers in Yellowstone and Yosemite National Parks will likely have disappeared by 2050. The glaciers found along the U. S. -Canadian border at the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park have already lost more than a quarter of their volume in the last 20 years. Other endangered glaciers include those in Italys Dolomites, Frances Pyrenees, Argentinas Los Alerces National Park, Perus Huascarán National Park, and New Zealands Te Wahipounamu.
The melting glaciers have an impact not only on the environment, but on people, said Bruno Oberle, director-general of the International Union for Conservation of Nature in a statement released Thursday. “ When glaciers melt rapidly, millions of people face water shortage and the increased risk of natural disasters such as flooding, and millions more may be displaced by the resulting rise in sea levels,” Oberle said. “ This study highlights the urgent need to cut greenhouse gas emissions and invest in Nature-based Solutions, which can help mitigate climate change and allow people to better adapt to its impacts,” he added.
As the worlds climate leaders gather for COP27, UNESCO is calling for the creation of an international fund for glacier monitoring and preservation that would support research, strengthen ties between stakeholders( 股东), and implement disaster risk and early warning measures. “ This report is a call to action,” UNESCO director-general Audrey Azoulay said in a statement. “ Only a rapid reduction in our CO2 emissions levels can save glaciers and the exceptional biodiversity that depends on them. ”
12．What is the purpose of listing figures in paragraph1
A．To indicate the loss of cultural heritages.
B．To stress the value of the World Heritage sites.
C．To prove the importance of glaciers to the Earth.
D．To show the urgency of saving the melting glaciers.
13．In which of the following places are the glaciers melting the fastest
A．Three Parallel Rivers National Park. B．Kilimanjaro National Park.
C．Yellowstone National Park. D．Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park.
14．Which is closest in meaning with the underlined word “ mitigate” in paragraph 3
A．Accelerate. B．Relieve. C．Maintain. D．Worsen.
15．The international fund will be used to do the following things except _______.
A．supporting research
B．reducing CO2 emissions
C．strengthening ties between stakeholders
D．carrying out disaster and early warning measures
The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn’t believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada’s counselor had said that she had real talent in science.
Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year’s class was a breeze, but come on Honors Chemistry She wouldn’t know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn’t know anyone like her.
The good thing about being late is that it shortened the period a bit. The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. To make matters worse, the only two seats left in class were at the lab table at the very front of the room.
Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyones eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed) , her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants.
This can’t get any worse, Jada thought. But at least she didn’t get shouted at by the teacher. He was too busy talking to a new kid. A HUGE new kid, maybe 6'4". He had to weigh at least 250 pounds. A football player, probably. She hated football players. They thought they were so great. That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.
The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat, and his legs wouldn’t fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red.
Mr. Martin, the teacher, began class with this announcement: Okay, everyone. I know most of you know each other from last year’s Honors Physical Science class. Jada sighed loudly. “But just take a minute and introduce yourself to the person sitting at your table. You’ll be partners. You’ll be working closely together all year.”
Jada rolled her eyes and stared straight ahead. Then she heard a surprisingly soft voice from next to her. “Hi. I’m Robert. I’m new here.”
16．What can be learned about Jada from the first two paragraphs
A．She thought this year’s chemistry class would be a breeze.
B．She wasn’t willing to take the Honors Chemistry class.
C．She was angry that her mother made her go to school
D．She found she didn’t like science as she thought.
17．The writer described Jada’s appearance in paragraph 4 in order to ______.
A．reveal how different she was from her classmates
B．explain why she was late for school that morning.
C．give readers a general impression of science students.
D．imply that she felt sorry for making a grand entrance
18．In paragraph 5, the phrase “that group of jocks” refers to ______.
A．the new kid
B．Jada’s classmates
C．Jada’s teacher
D．football players
19．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of the new kid
A．He was rude.
B．He liked sports.
C．He was shy.
D．He looked sad.
Learning a foreign language can broaden career opportunities in the USA．Here’s the reason why learning some of the popular foreign languages can help you.
Chinese
Chinese is considered as an important language to enhance business prospects across the globe. It has the largest number of speakers. More than 1. 4 billion people speak Chinese. Chinese companies have invested in various industries in other countries. There are great opportunities for employment in Chinese companies if you can master Chinese.
Spanish
Spanish is spoken by about 580 million speakers across the world. It has the second largest number of speakers. Furthermore, many Spanish companies are rapidly increasing their presence in various industries like travel and tourism, translation, teaching, and international business.
Portuguese
Spoken by about 230 million people, Portuguese is the sixth most widely spoken language in the world. It is the official language of eight countries. There’s a great demand for Portu-guese language experts in various industries.
German
German is the third most popular foreign language taught worldwide and the second most popular in Europe and Japan, after English. German has between 89 and 110 million native speakers. German companies account for 700,000 jobs in the USA, so learning German can give people great job offers.
20．Why does the author advise people to learn Chinese
A．They can further study global business.
B．They can have an opportunity to go to China.
C．They can get more job offers in various countries.
D．They can find a chance to travel to other countries.
21．Which language has the second largest number of speakers in the world
A．Chinese. B．Spanish.
C．Portuguese. D．German.
22．What can we know about German from the text
A．Japanese dislike learning it.
B．It is the most popular language in Europe.
C．It is spoken by less than 89 million people.
D．Mastering it helps people get more job opportunities.
One of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in North America 16,000 years ago. According to a recent fossil discovery, that might not be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.
In 2013, a damaged mammoth (猛犸象) skull and other bones that looked “deliberately broken” were found. The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones who caused it to make tools. Carbon- dating analysis suggested the pieces are roughly 37 ,000 years old. This discovery could shift our understanding of humans ‘earliest existence in North America. These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ago.
Previous research led scientists to believe the first humans that settled in North America belonged to the Clovis culture. This was a group of people who left behind carefully made tools 16,000 years ago. However, carbon-dating analysis of the mammoth bones indicates that the site is around 36, 250 to 38, 900 years old. That means it’s the oldest known site left behind by ancient humans in North America.
“That’s not the only interesting thing about the discovery,” said Timothy Rowe, a professor at the University of Texas. “The similar findings supporting an earlier date for human arrival have been mostly ignored. This is because they have contradicted previous research.”
Now, however, he thinks there’s a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humans farther back in time.
The early humans shaped bones into sharp blades, which were used to take apart animals’ remains, according to Rowe. There are also signs that they cooked the animal bones over a fire to melt off the fat. “The real evidence that we have has to do with the breakage patterns, and how thorough they are. They must have used rocks or hammer stones to bust the skeleton apart... These people would use whatever they could,” Rowe told USA Today.
23．What can be learnt about the earliest humans in North America
A．They arrived there 16,000 years ago. B．They caused mammoth to disappear.
C．They belonged to the Clovis culture. D．They could make tools with bones.
24．Why are the findings similar to the new one ignored
A．They lack a good chance. B．They fail to draw attention.
C．They disagree with earlier research. D．They aren’t studied scientifically.
25．How does Rowe find the new discovery
A．Inspiring. B．Annoying. C．Puzzling. D．Embarrassing.
26．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Earliest Humans’ Settling in North America
B．Evidence of Earlier Humans’ Arrival in North America
C．The Earliest Tool Makers in North America
D．Research on Mammoths in North America
America has more than enough food for everyone to eat. But each year, billions of pounds of perfectly good food go to waste. Meanwhile, 34 million face hunger in the United States.
As the country’s largest food rescue organization, Feeding America partners with food manufacturers, grocery stores, restaurants, and farmers to rescue food and deliver it to food banks serving our neighbors.
Each year, 108 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $ 408 billion in food thrown away each year. Shockingly, nearly 40% of all food in America is wasted.
Food goes to waste at every stage of food production and distribution from farmers to packers and shippers, from manufacturers to retailers to our homes. Food waste in our homes makes up about 39% of all food waste—about 42 billion pounds of food waste, and commercial food waste makes up about 61% of all food waste or 66 billion pounds of food waste. Feeding America focuses on reducing food waste on farms and in food service, manufacturing, and retail.
Last year, the Feeding America network and our partners rescued 4.7 billion pounds of groceries. That food went directly to meals for people facing hunger. This makes Feeding America the largest food rescue organization in the country.
Food rescue, or food recovery, is the practice of collecting high-quality food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to people facing hunger. We work with manufacturers, retailers, and farmers to reduce food waste and get rescued food to people in need.
We identify food at risk of going to waste, offer rescued food to food banks, safely ship food over long distances and keep food fresh longer once it reaches a food bank.
27．What do we know about the food in America
A．It is barely enough. B．It is quite abundant.
C．It is easily available. D．It is increasingly insufficient.
28．What does the underlined phrase “equates to” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Consumes. B．Multiplies. C．Wastes. D．Equals.
29．How does the author reveal the food waste in America
A．By making comparisons. B．By listing reasons.
C．By presenting data. D．By offering examples.
30．What does Feeding America actually do
A．It teaches people how to grow food. B．It saves food from being wasted.
C．It urges government to take action. D．It aims to relieve world hunger.
After I finished my PhD in 2014 at Duke University, I stayed for an extra year to finish a paper and look for a postdoc (博士后) position. The first step of my process was to decide what I wanted to do with my career, and then I should find a laboratory that would help me to achieve that. I was a bit anxious about making such a strong statement about my career—a feeling that I think is shared by many graduating students.
The next step in my process was to broadly identify what type of field I wanted to work in and which techniques, system and organism I wanted to learn. Several people advised me to change one or two of these choices from my PhD work, which was in yeast cell biology (酵母细胞生物学). Although I really value having experience in multiple fields and techniques, I don’t think this change is absolutely necessary. I also talked my options through with my PhD adviser, Daniel Lew, and my lab mates. In the end, I decided to stay working with yeast but to take on more biochemistry approaches.
I then put together a list of possible labs as I read papers and university websites. By this point, my partner and I had decided that we would like to live in Europe, because it would be a great opportunity to move somewhere else and experience a different way of living. I preferred labs in Europe, but I included many in the United States as well.
I applied to eight labs by e mail: four labs in the United States and four in Europe. In the end, I decided on John Diffley’s lab at the Francis Crick Institute in London.
I could imagine how I would develop as a scientist in John’s lab and ultimately gain more independence. When you’re on an academic career track, that’s a big part of the experience becoming independent and designing your own projects.
31．What did the author do first for a postdoc position
A．Work in a university for an extra year. B．Determine what to do with his career.
C．Look for a proper laboratory for research. D．Overcome his anxiety about his career.
32．Why did the author choose yeast cell biology for his postdoc position
A．He thought it was popular.
B．He liked experiencing multiple fields.
C．He accepted his adviser’s and lab mates’ advice.
D．He considered it unnecessary to work in other fields.
33．What made the author prefer European laboratories
A．Few suitable laboratories in the U. S. B．Focusing on research and pursuing his aim.
C．A better opportunity to finish his postdoc. D．Wishing for living a different lifestyle.
34．How will the author work in John’s lab
A．By depending on John’s help. B．By designing his own projects.
C．By discussing yeast in groups. D．By sharing his good experience.
It isn’t a concert hall, but a picnic table at Lake Roland. Norma Griner performs here now. A cellphone begins recording. She keeps tapping her fingers on the table. “Feel it!” says Larry Griner, her son and caregiver.
It’s a charming scene repeated day after day at this Baltimore County park. Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症)fogs her memory but the music moves her still.
Larry shares these performances on Facebook. There’s Ms. Norma singing a song about her love of chocolate, or making strangers cry by singing Over the Rainbow. Who could guess she is at the age of 91
Alzheimer’s caregivers from around the country watch the recordings. In Texas, one woman starts her day with Ms. Norma’s newest video. In Alabama, another woman watches with her grandson, who finds life so meaningful.
Born in Philadelphia, Norma learned to read music during elementary school. Wherever she was, she lost herself in music. She retired in 1989 and devoted more time to music. In 2012, she was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, which slowly destroyed her memory and thinking. Larry soon found he could cheer her up with music.
When he played her favorite songs, Norma came alive. She might not remember where she was, but she could sing Lean on Me. The bursts of vigor (活力) moved Larry. He began to record and share her performances online.
Meanwhile, Larry formed an online support group for Alzheimer’s caregivers called Molly’s Movement. Caregivers from as far as Australia heard Norma sing. Each day, he shared a new video. “I already know what’s going to come from the loved one. They’re the only one who’s consistent (始终如一的).” he said.
35．What makes Norma Griner so special in the park
A．She is the oldest woman patient there.
B．She designs the best chocolates for strangers.
C．She sings there despite her age and illness.
D．She is good at making friends with strangers.
36．What has Alzheimer’s brought about to Norma
A．The interest in making video. B．Fading memory.
C．The gift for singing. D．Frightening disease.
37．Why did Larry decide to record his mom’s singing
A．He knew her singing would be popular.
B．He hoped to make some money online.
C．He was touched by her love for music.
D．He decided to become a music producer.
38．What’s Larry’s purpose of forming Molly’s Movement
A．To help Alzheimer’s caregivers. B．To tell the story of his mother.
C．To share a video every day. D．To cure Alzheimer’s disease.
参考答案
1．A
2．C
3．C
4．A
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。虚拟偶像柳夜熙凭借其视频的故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格的特殊视觉效果而在网上的迅速走红，反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展，文章同时剖析了其中的原因，效应以及未来的发展趋势。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The internet users were impressed by its storyline, science-fiction elements and special visual effects with cyberpunk style. (网友们对其故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格的特殊视觉效果印象深刻。)”，第三段“Lius instant popularity online further reflects that the virtual idol industry in China has been booming. (柳在网上的迅速走红进一步反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展。)”可知，虚拟偶像柳夜熙的视频中的科幻元素，有助于视频的流行。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Compared with real idols and stars, the virtual ones seem to be more approachable for fans,’ Shine News noted. (‘与真实的偶像和明星相比，虚拟的偶像和明星对粉丝来说似乎更平易近人。’Shine News指出。)”可知，虚拟偶像比真实的偶像更容易接近。故选C项。
3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“‘These so-called virtual idols have real human teams to back them up and control them. They are not really virtual,’ Ding Daoshi, an independent analyst in the internet sector, told the Global Times. (‘这些所谓的虚拟偶像有真实的人类团队来支持和控制他们。它们并不是真正的虚拟，’互联网领域的独立分析师丁道石告诉《环球时报》。)”可知，根据丁道石的话可知，目前的虚拟偶像其背后有真实的人类团体支持，因此他们的存在依赖于人类团体。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，文章以柳夜熙为例，他凭借其视频的故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格的特殊视觉效果而在网上的迅速走红，反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展，文章同时剖析了其中的原因，效应以及未来的发展趋势。Virtual idols are sweeping the Internet.适合当本章标题。故选A项。
5．C
6．D
7．A
8．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究人员分析了美国劳工统计局和世界卫生组织等来源的公开数据，并调查了被调查者所分享的日常习惯、日程安排和互动，发现幸福和社会关系多样性之间存在联系，所以作者鼓励大家要多和陌生人交流。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hanne Collins, a Harvard Business School doctoral student who co-authored the study, says that relational diversity is composed of two elements: richness and evenness. (该研究的合著者、哈佛商学院的博士生汉娜·柯林斯说，人际关系的多样性由两个因素组成：丰富性和均匀性)”，第四段“Richness measures relationship categories, or how many kinds of people you interact with in a day. That could be your romantic partner, a family member, a neighbor or a stranger. (丰富度衡量的是关系类别，也就是你每天与多少种人打交道。可能是你的恋人、家庭成员、邻居或陌生人)”，第五段“Evenness relates to the distribution of conversations among those different relationship categories. Some people may find themselves interacting with colleagues at work more than, say, their family members. “If you have a few conversations with colleagues, a few with friends, a few with a romantic partner or a couple chats with strangers, thats going to be more even across these categories,” Collins explained.(均匀性与这些不同关系类别之间的对话的分布有关。有些人可能会发现自己在工作中与同事的交流比与家人的交流更多。“如果你和同事聊几句，和朋友聊几句，和恋人聊几句，或者和陌生人聊几句，这些类别的情况会更平均，”柯林斯解释说)”可推知，作者对“人际关系的多样性”作了定义，并举例说明其丰富性和均匀性。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Richness measures relationship categories, or how many kinds of people you interact with in a day. That could be your romantic partner, a family member, a neighbor or a stranger. “The more relationship categories they talk to in a day and the more even their conversations are across those categories, the happier they are. And we find this in a large sample across many countries,” Collins said.(丰富度衡量的是关系类别，也就是你每天与多少种人打交道。可能是你的恋人、家庭成员、邻居或陌生人。“他们一天中谈论的关系类别越多，而且谈话跨越这些类别的次数越多，他们就越快乐。我们在许多国家的大样本中发现了这一点，”柯林斯说)”可推知，研究表明，一个与许多不同的人交谈过的人是最幸福的。故选D项。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study by a group of researchers found that there is a link between happiness and a term that the researchers coined called “relational diversity.” (一组研究人员最近的一项研究发现，幸福和一个研究人员创造的术语“关系多样性”之间存在联系)”可知，这个研究组在研究中，创造了新词 relational diversity；第六段的第一句“Ultimately, Collins says, the study gives insight to the idea that humans are social creatures at heart. (最终，柯林斯说，这项研究让人们深刻认识到，人类本质上是社会生物)”以及最后一句“Essentially, the idea is that the more diverse your social portfolio (社交档案), the happier you are and the higher your well-being. (从本质上讲，这个观点是你的社交档案越多样化，你就越快乐，你的幸福感就越高)”可知，研究人员提出了一个新的概念：幸福和社会关系多样性之间存在联系。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Next time you consider striking up a conversation with a stranger in line at the grocery store or while waiting at the coffee shop, keep in mind that it might be beneficial to your well-being. (下次当你想在杂货店排队或在咖啡店等的时候和陌生人搭讪时，请记住这可能对你的幸福有益)”可知，作者认同这项研究结果，鼓励大家多和陌生人交谈，增加幸福感。故选D项。
9．B
10．C
11．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了2022年代码转换奖学金班的申请对面向所有处于职业生涯中期的记者和说书人现已开放。
9．细节理解题。根据文章What we’re looking for in a fellow这段话“Ideally, youre a mid-career journalist and already have a story in mind, but could use guidance and resources to report. You would benefit from weekly check-ins with a dedicated editor, training on how to report, script and produce sound-rich narratives, and working with a team that has expertise covering race and identity.(理想情况下，你是一名职业生涯中期的记者，心中已经有了一个故事，但可以利用指导和资源进行报道。你将受益于每周与一位专门的编辑进行检查，接受如何报道、编写剧本和制作声音丰富的叙事的培训，并与一个在种族和身份方面具有专业知识的团队合作。)”可知，在创作过程中，fellows会有一个专门的编辑进行检查，还会给他们进行培训。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章How to submit an application这段话“Applicants should submit their proposal and a resume ( attached as PDFs) to codeswitch@ , with the subject line “ Code Switch Mid-career Fellowship Application”.(申请者应将求职计划书和个人简历(pdf格式的附件)发送至codeswitch@ sina，标题为“代码转换职业中期奖学金申请”。)”可知，申请者在提交申请的时候要有一个固定标题。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段话“The deadline for applying for this reporting fellowship is September 30, 2022. If you have any questions, click here to reach out to the Code Switch editors.(申请该报告奖学金的截止日期为2022年9月30日。如果您有任何问题，请点击这里联系代码切换编辑器。)”可知，如果有问题，需要点击联系代码切换编辑器，因此得知这篇文章是来自网上的。故选B项。
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了全球变暖将会让世界三分之一的冰川融化的情况，呼吁大家要采取措施来拯救冰川融化。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段话“A new study warns that glaciers in a third of these World Heritage sites will disappear by 2050 due to carbon emissions warming the planet. The other two-thirds can still be saved — but only if global temperatures dont exceed 1. 5 degrees Celsius compared with pre-industrial times.(一项新的研究警告说，由于碳排放导致地球变暖，到2050年，三分之一的世界遗产的冰川将消失。剩下的三分之二仍然可以挽救——但前提是全球气温不超过1。比工业化时代前高出5摄氏度。)”可知，研究表明现在的冰川问题比较严重，需要采取措施来拯救冰川融化。第一段话列数字的作用就是突出拯救冰川任务亟不可待。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段话“The fastest melting glaciers on the list are those at Three Parallel Rivers National Park in Chinas Yunnan province.(名单上融化最快的冰川是位于中国云南省三江并流国家公园的冰川。)”可知，冰川融化最快的地方是在云南。故选A项。
14．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段话“This study highlights the urgent need to cut greenhouse gas emissions and invest in Nature-based Solutions, which can help mitigate climate change and allow people to better adapt to its impacts,(这项研究强调了减少温室气体排放和投资于基于自然的解决方案的迫切需要，这可以______气候变化，并使人们更好地适应其影响。)”可知，此句是讲减少温室气体排放给气候以及人们带来的好处。空格处表达“减轻，缓解”，故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段话“As the worlds climate leaders gather for COP27, UNESCO is calling for the creation of an international fund for glacier monitoring and preservation that would support research, strengthen ties between stakeholders( 股东), and implement disaster risk and early warning measures.(在世界气候领导人齐聚COP27之际，教科文组织呼吁建立一个国际冰川监测和保护基金，以支持研究，加强利益攸关方之间的联系，并实施灾害风险和预警措施。)”可知，接下来国际基金组织会支持研究，加强练习，实施预警措施等等。故选B项。
16．B
17．D
18．D
19．C
【导语】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jada第一次上荣誉化学课迟到的经历。
16．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn’t believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada’s counselor had said that she had real talent in science. (铃响了。Jada叹了口气，慢慢地从她一直靠着的储物柜旁走出来，沿着大厅去上化学课。荣誉化学！Jada不敢相信她妈妈让她上课，因为Jada的辅导员说她有真正的科学天赋)”和第二段“Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year’s class was a breeze, but come on Honors Chemistry She wouldn’t know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn’t know anyone like her. (Jada不得不承认她喜欢科学，去年的课程轻而易举，但是，荣誉化学？她不会认识班上的任何人，他们可能也不会认识像她这样的人)”可知，Jada确实喜欢化学课，但她不想去上荣誉化学课，因为她不认识班上的同学。故选B项。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段第二三句“The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. (糟糕的是，这让她看起来像是在做一个宏大的入场。更糟糕的是，课堂上只剩下两个座位在房间前面的实验室桌子上)”和第四段“Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyones eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed) , her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants. (Jada屏住呼吸，走了进来。每个人都盯着她。她只是知道这一点。他们盯着她的煤黑头发（新鲜染色）、黑色口红、黑色指甲油和她旧货店的黑色皮夹克。她看到的只是马球衫和卡其色裤子)”可知，因为迟到的关系，她受到了所有同学的瞩目，而她也只能屏住呼吸一直向前走到前排的空位坐下，第四段的外貌描写凸显了这一过程Jada的紧张和因为迟到受到关注的抱歉。故选D项。
18．词句猜测题。根据上文“She hated football players. They thought they were so great.”（她讨厌足球运动员。他们觉得自己很了不起）以及该词组所在的句子“That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.”（在自助餐厅附近闲逛的That group of jocks总是取笑她）”可知，that group of jocks指代前文的“football players”。故选D项。
19．细节理解题。根据第六段“The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat,and his legs wouldn’t fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red.(新来的孩子低着头走到她的桌子前。他不得不挤进座位上，他的腿放不进实验室的桌子下面。他瞥了Jada一眼，脸红了)”可知，新来的孩子很害羞。故选C项。
20．C
21．B
22．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学习一门外语可以拓宽在美国的就业机会，以及解释了为什么学习一些流行的外语会对你有帮助的原因。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Chinese companies have invested in various industries in other countries. There are great opportunities for employment in Chinese companies if you can master Chinese.”（中国企业在其他国家的各行各业进行了投资。如果你能掌握中文，在中国的公司有很大的就业机会）可知，作者建议人们学习汉语是因为他们可以在不同的国家获得更多的工作机会。故选C项。
21．细节理解题。根据“Spanish is spoken by about 580 million speakers across the world.”（全世界大约有5.8亿人说西班牙语。它拥有第二多的使用者）可知，世界上使用人数第二多的语言是西班牙语。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第五段中“German companies account for 700,000 jobs in the USA, so learning German can give people great job offers.”（德国公司在美国提供了70万个工作岗位，所以学习德语可以为人们提供很好的工作机会）可知，从文章中我们知道掌握德语可以帮助人们获得更多的工作机会。故选D项。
23．D
24．C
25．A
26．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones who caused it to make tools.(骨头上的损伤表明是人类制造的工具造成的 )”可知，北美洲最早的人类可以用骨头制作工具。故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The similar findings supporting an earlier date for human arrival have been mostly ignored. This is because they have contradicted previous research.(支持人类更早到达的类似发现大多被忽视了。这是因为它们与之前的研究相矛盾)”可知，与新发现相似的早期发现被忽略是因为与早期研究相矛盾。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据第五段“Now, however, he thinks there’s a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humans farther back in time.(然而，现在他认为研究人员很有可能找到更早以前人类存在的证据)”可知，Rowe认为新的研究很有可能帮助研究人员找到更早以前人类存在的证据。由此推知，Rowe认为这个发现是鼓舞人心的。故选A。
26．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“One of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in North America 16,000 years ago. According to a recent fossil discovery, that might not be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.(研究人员最普遍的观点之一是，人类在16000年前首次到达北美。根据最近的化石发现，这可能不是真的。这项新发现表明，人类可能更早到达北美)”和第二段的“This discovery could shift our understanding of humans ‘earliest existence in North America. These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ago.(这一发现可能会改变我们对人类最早在北美存在的理解。这些化石表明，早在一万六千年前，人类就在该地区捕杀动物)”可知，本文主要介绍新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。B项“早期人类到达北美的证据”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
27．B
28．D
29．C
30．B
【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了美国食物浪费的现象及Feeding America在减少食物浪费方面所做的努力。
27．细节理解题。由第一段中的“America has more than enough food for everyone to eat. (美国的食物足够每个人吃)”可知，美国食物充足。故选B项。
28．词句猜测题。由第三段中的“Each year, 108 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $ 408 billion in food thrown away each year. (美国每年有1080亿磅的食物被浪费。这equates to每年1300亿顿饭和超过4080亿美元的食物被丢弃)”可知，这里把浪费的食物折合成饭和美元，它们的价值是相等的，划线部分意为“等于（Equals）”。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。由第三段中的“Each year, 108 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $ 408 billion in food thrown away each year. (美国每年有1080亿磅的食物被浪费。这相当于每年1300亿顿饭和超过4080亿美元的食物被丢弃)”和第四段中的“Food waste in our homes makes up about 39% of all food waste—about 42 billion pounds of food waste, and commercial food waste makes up about 61% of all food waste or 66 billion pounds of food waste. (我们家中的食物垃圾约占所有食物垃圾的39%，约420亿磅食物垃圾，而商业食物垃圾约为所有食物垃圾或660亿磅食物废物的61%)”可知，作者通过呈现数据来说明美国食物浪费的严重性。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Last year, the Feeding America network and our partners rescued 4.7 billion pounds of groceries. That food went directly to meals for people facing hunger. (去年，Feeding America网络和我们的合作伙伴拯救了47亿英镑的食品杂货。这些食物直接用于饥饿人群的膳食)”和倒数第二段“Food rescue, or food recovery, is the practice of collecting high-quality food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to people facing hunger. We work with manufacturers, retailers, and farmers to reduce food waste and get rescued food to people in need. (食物救援，或食物回收，是一种收集高质量食物（否则这些食物将被浪费）并分发给面临饥饿的人的做法。我们与制造商、零售商和农民合作，减少食物浪费，为有需要的人提供救援食品)”可知，Feeding America将原本会被浪费的高质量粮食收集起来，分发给面临饥饿的人们，避免了食物浪费。故选B项。
31．B
32．D
33．D
34．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。作者博士毕业后面临选择研究方向和实验室等一系列的问题。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The first step of my process was to decide what I wanted to do with my career, and then I should find a laboratory that would help me to achieve that.(我的第一步是决定我想在我的职业生涯中做什么，然后我应该找到一个可以帮助我实现这一目标的实验室)”可知，作者读完博士之后,第一步是决定自己的职业。故选B项。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Although I really value having experience in multiple fields and techniques, I don’t think this change is absolutely necessary. I also talked my options through with my PhD adviser, Daniel Lew, and my lab mates. In the end, I decided to stay working with yeast but to take on more biochemistry approaches.(虽然我真的很看重在多个领域和技术方面的经验，但我不认为这种改变是绝对必要的。我还与我的博士导师丹尼尔·卢(Daniel Lew)和我的实验室伙伴讨论了我的选择。最后，我决定继续研究酵母，但采用更多的生物化学方法)”可知，作者虽然很看重在多个领域的经验,但认为没必要在其他领域工作。故选D项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“By this point, my partner and I had decided that we would like to live in Europe, because it would be a great opportunity to move somewhere else and experience a different way of living. I preferred labs in Europe, but I included many in the United States as well.(这时，我和我的伴侣已经决定我们想要住在欧洲，因为这是一个搬到其他地方体验不同生活方式的好机会。我更喜欢欧洲的实验室，但我也包括了许多美国的实验室)”可知，作者选择欧洲实验室的原因是,住在欧洲能体验不同的生活方式。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“When you’re on an academic career track, that’s a big part of the experience becoming independent and designing your own projects.(当你走在学术生涯的轨道上时，独立和设计自己的项目是一种很重要的体验)”可推知，作者将在实验室设计自己的项目。故选B项。
35．C
36．B
37．C
38．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了91岁的患有阿尔茨海默氏症的诺玛虽然记忆消退，但是仍能唱出自己热爱的歌曲，这一情况被她的儿子拉里注意到，发布到网上并成立了莫莉运动的在线支持小组，鼓励很多有相同经历的看护人。
35．推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s a charming scene repeated day after day at this Baltimore County park. Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症)fogs her memory but the music moves her still. (这是巴尔的摩县公园日复一日重复的迷人场景。阿尔茨海默氏症模糊了她的记忆，但音乐仍然打动了她。)”以及第三段“Larry shares these performances on Facebook. There’s Ms. Norma singing a song about her love of chocolate, or making strangers cry by singing Over the Rainbow. Who could guess she is at the age of 91 (拉里在Facebook上分享这些表演。诺玛会唱一首关于她对巧克力的热爱的歌，或者唱《越过彩虹》让陌生人哭。谁能想到她已经91岁了 )”可知，在公园里，有位91岁患有阿尔茨海默病的老人在唱歌，这让公园很特别。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据第五段第四句“In 2012, she was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, which slowly destroyed her memory and thinking. (2012年，她被诊断出患有阿尔茨海默症，这慢慢地摧毁了她的记忆和思维。)”可知，阿尔茨海默症让她的记忆慢慢消退。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When he played her favorite songs, Norma came alive. She might not remember where she was, but she could sing Lean on Me. The bursts of vigor (活力) moved Larry. He began to record and share her performances online. (当他播放她最喜欢的歌曲时，诺玛变得活跃起来。她可能不记得自己在哪里，但她会唱《靠在我身上》。迸发的活力打动了拉里。他开始在网上记录并分享她的表演。)”可知，正是诺玛对音乐的爱感动了拉里，才让他在网上分享她的表演。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据末段“Meanwhile, Larry formed an online support group for Alzheimer’s caregivers called Molly’s Movement. (与此同时，拉里为阿尔茨海默氏症的护理人员建立了一个名为莫莉运动的在线支持小组。)”可知，建立莫莉运动的目的是为了帮助阿尔茨海默氏症的护理人员。故选A。
Liu Yexi has taken Douyin by storm. As of Nov. 17, the virtual idol, who appeared on the social media platform on Oct. 31, had only released two short videos but attracted over 5 million followers. Different from other virtual idols, Liu is defined as a “virtual beauty vlogger”. In her first video, Liu is doing makeup with an eye brush while dressed in a traditional Chinese costume. When she turns around, the onlookers are terrified, except one boy. Then Liu slightly brushes the boys eyes, allowing him to see the fantasy world in her own eyes.
The internet users were impressed by its storyline, science-fiction elements and special visual effects with cyberpunk style. Liang Zikang, the CEO of the production team, told China Newsweek that the team spent two months making the video.
Lius instant popularity online further reflects that the virtual idol industry in China has been booming. There are over 32,400 virtual idols that have opened accounts on video-sharing platform Bilibili in the past year, seeing a year-on-year rise of 40 percent, Chen Rui, the CEO of Bilibili, said in a speech.
“Compared with real idols and stars, the virtual ones seem to be more approachable for fans,” Shine News noted. Additionally, these virtual web celebrities wont have scandals.
As more young people are fascinated by these virtual figures, their commercial value has been on the rise. Generally, they earn money by endorsements (代言), online concerts, livestreaming and related products. For example, Luo Tianyi, a well-known virtual singer, cooperated with livestreamer Li Jiaqi to promote goods in 2020.
Therefore, some people are wondering whether they will replace real humans. “These so-called virtual idols have real human teams to back them up and control them. They are not really virtual,” Ding Daoshi, an independent analyst in the internet sector, told the Global Times. The real virtual idol will come when artificial intelligence achieves a new level of self-learning and self-training and then interacts with others, he added.
1．Which of the following contributes to the popularity of Liu Yexis video
A．The video involves sci-fi elements.
B．The video features funny visual effects.
C．The video teaches useful makeup skills.
D．The video tells a traditional Chinese story.
2．Which is an advantage virtual idols have over real idols
A．They can attract more followers.
B．They have higher commercial value.
C．They can be approached more easily.
D．They are equipped with better talents.
3．What do we know about the current virtual idols according to Ding
A．They can interact with each other.
B．They will replace human idols soon.
C．They are dependent on human teams.
D．They can learn and train by themselves.
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．Virtual idols are sweeping the Internet.
B．People raise concern about virtual idols.
C．AI technology has made a new breakthrough.
D．Social media platforms are gaining popularity.
A recent study by a group of researchers found that there is a link between happiness and a term that the researchers coined called “relational diversity.”
Using public data from sources like the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the World Health Organization, the researchers were able to analyze data sets and survey responses from people who had shared their daily habits, schedules and interactions. They noticed a clear relationship between relational diversity and overall levels of satisfaction.
Hanne Collins, a Harvard Business School doctoral student who co-authored the study, says that relational diversity is composed of two elements: richness and evenness.
Richness measures relationship categories, or how many kinds of people you interact with in a day. That could be your romantic partner, a family member, a neighbor or a stranger. “The more relationship categories they talk to in a day and the more even their conversations are across those categories, the happier they are. And we find this in a large sample across many countries,” Collins said.
Evenness relates to the distribution of conversations among those different relationship categories. Some people may find themselves interacting with colleagues at work more than, say, their family members. “If you have a few conversations with colleagues, a few with friends, a few with a romantic partner or a couple chats with strangers, thats going to be more even across these categories,” Collins explained.
Ultimately, Collins says, the study gives insight to the idea that humans are social creatures at heart. Having a support system is important, but it goes beyond your inner circle. “Its about this mix. Its about connecting with people who are close to you, who are maybe less close to you, who connect you with other people, who provide different kinds of support,” she said. “Essentially, the idea is that the more diverse your social portfolio (社交档案), the happier you are and the higher your well-being.”
Next time you consider striking up a conversation with a stranger in line at the grocery store or while waiting at the coffee shop, keep in mind that it might be beneficial to your well-being.
5．How does the author explain the term “relational diversity”
A．By listing statistics. B．By making comparison.
C．By giving definitions and examples. D．By describing the process.
6．Who is the happiest according to the study
A．A person who interacts most with his family members.
B．A person who communicates frequently with his friends.
C．A person who seldom strikes up conversations with strangers.
D．A person who has ever conversations with many different people.
7．Which of the statements about the study is true
A．Researchers came up with a new concept.
B．It shows that a support system is not necessary.
C．Researchers collected data by conducting experiments.
D．It was led by a doctoral student from Harvard Business School.
8．What is the writers attitude towards the result of the study
A．Neutral. B．Skeptical.
C．Opposed. D．Approving.
As one of the most popular Podcasts( 播客), we’re excited to announce that applications for the Code Switch Fellowships Class of 2022 are now open. There are two fellowships designed to allow experienced, working journalists to develop and report an in-depth story about race, identity and social justice. Fellowships are open to all mid-career journalists and storytellers.
What we’re looking for in a fellow
Ideally, you’re a mid-career journalist and already have a story in mind, but could use guidance and resources to report. You would benefit from weekly check-ins with a dedicated editor, training on how to report, script and produce sound-rich narratives, and working with a team that has expertise covering race and identity. You might have a track record covering stories about race, working in audio or both. You’re excited to spend 6-7 months working on one story, from ideation to reporting, scripting and production.
What you should expect
These fellowships are designed to be flexible, so that fellows can continue working their current jobs while crafting their stories for Code Switch. Fellows will receive a stipend( 津贴) of $12,000 to cover travel and reporting related costs, worked out together with the fellows current employer. Up to two candidates will be selected.
How to submit an application
Applicants must submit a detailed proposal for the story or project they wish to pursue and the resources and financial support they’ll likely need to complete it. Applicants should submit their proposal and a resume ( attached as PDFs) to codeswitch@ , with the subject line “ Code Switch Mid-career Fellowship Application”.
The deadline for applying for this reporting fellowship is September 30, 2022. If you have any questions, click here to reach out to the Code Switch editors.
9．What do we know about the fellowships
A．Fellows need to quit their current jobs.
B．Fellows will receive editorial support to report a story.
C．Fellows need to spend a long time covering a story on their own.
D．Fellows will have to pay for their travelling and reporting expenses.
10．What is required while submitting an application
A．The resume should be in the form of JPG.
B．The application should be submitted by post.
C．The application should be sent with a subject line.
D．The submission shouldnt be earlier than September 30, 2022.
11．Where is this text most likely to be taken from
A．A magazine. B．A website. C．A research report. D．A novel.
Around the globe, 50 UNESCO World Heritage sites are home to glaciers and about 18,600 glaciers are found in these World Heritage sites, which represent about a tenth of the glacierized area on Earth. Those glaciers are losing some 58 billion tons of ice each year and contribute to almost 5% of observed sea level rise globally. A new study warns that glaciers in a third of these World Heritage sites will disappear by 2050 due to carbon emissions warming the planet. The other two-thirds can still be saved — but only if global temperatures dont exceed 1. 5 degrees Celsius compared with pre-industrial times.
The last remaining glaciers in Africa are predicted to melt by 2050, including those at Kilimanjaro National Park and Mount Kenya. The fastest melting glaciers on the list are those at Three Parallel Rivers National Park in Chinas Yunnan province. Glaciers there have already lost more than 57% of their mass in the last 20 years. In the U. S. , the glaciers in Yellowstone and Yosemite National Parks will likely have disappeared by 2050. The glaciers found along the U. S. -Canadian border at the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park have already lost more than a quarter of their volume in the last 20 years. Other endangered glaciers include those in Italys Dolomites, Frances Pyrenees, Argentinas Los Alerces National Park, Perus Huascarán National Park, and New Zealands Te Wahipounamu.
The melting glaciers have an impact not only on the environment, but on people, said Bruno Oberle, director-general of the International Union for Conservation of Nature in a statement released Thursday. “ When glaciers melt rapidly, millions of people face water shortage and the increased risk of natural disasters such as flooding, and millions more may be displaced by the resulting rise in sea levels,” Oberle said. “ This study highlights the urgent need to cut greenhouse gas emissions and invest in Nature-based Solutions, which can help mitigate climate change and allow people to better adapt to its impacts,” he added.
As the worlds climate leaders gather for COP27, UNESCO is calling for the creation of an international fund for glacier monitoring and preservation that would support research, strengthen ties between stakeholders( 股东), and implement disaster risk and early warning measures. “ This report is a call to action,” UNESCO director-general Audrey Azoulay said in a statement. “ Only a rapid reduction in our CO2 emissions levels can save glaciers and the exceptional biodiversity that depends on them. ”
12．What is the purpose of listing figures in paragraph1
A．To indicate the loss of cultural heritages.
B．To stress the value of the World Heritage sites.
C．To prove the importance of glaciers to the Earth.
D．To show the urgency of saving the melting glaciers.
13．In which of the following places are the glaciers melting the fastest
A．Three Parallel Rivers National Park. B．Kilimanjaro National Park.
C．Yellowstone National Park. D．Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park.
14．Which is closest in meaning with the underlined word “ mitigate” in paragraph 3
A．Accelerate. B．Relieve. C．Maintain. D．Worsen.
15．The international fund will be used to do the following things except _______.
A．supporting research
B．reducing CO2 emissions
C．strengthening ties between stakeholders
D．carrying out disaster and early warning measures
The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn’t believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada’s counselor had said that she had real talent in science.
Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year’s class was a breeze, but come on Honors Chemistry She wouldn’t know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn’t know anyone like her.
The good thing about being late is that it shortened the period a bit. The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. To make matters worse, the only two seats left in class were at the lab table at the very front of the room.
Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyones eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed) , her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants.
This can’t get any worse, Jada thought. But at least she didn’t get shouted at by the teacher. He was too busy talking to a new kid. A HUGE new kid, maybe 6'4". He had to weigh at least 250 pounds. A football player, probably. She hated football players. They thought they were so great. That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.
The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat, and his legs wouldn’t fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red.
Mr. Martin, the teacher, began class with this announcement: Okay, everyone. I know most of you know each other from last year’s Honors Physical Science class. Jada sighed loudly. “But just take a minute and introduce yourself to the person sitting at your table. You’ll be partners. You’ll be working closely together all year.”
Jada rolled her eyes and stared straight ahead. Then she heard a surprisingly soft voice from next to her. “Hi. I’m Robert. I’m new here.”
16．What can be learned about Jada from the first two paragraphs
A．She thought this year’s chemistry class would be a breeze.
B．She wasn’t willing to take the Honors Chemistry class.
C．She was angry that her mother made her go to school
D．She found she didn’t like science as she thought.
17．The writer described Jada’s appearance in paragraph 4 in order to ______.
A．reveal how different she was from her classmates
B．explain why she was late for school that morning.
C．give readers a general impression of science students.
D．imply that she felt sorry for making a grand entrance
18．In paragraph 5, the phrase “that group of jocks” refers to ______.
A．the new kid
B．Jada’s classmates
C．Jada’s teacher
D．football players
19．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of the new kid
A．He was rude.
B．He liked sports.
C．He was shy.
D．He looked sad.
Learning a foreign language can broaden career opportunities in the USA．Here’s the reason why learning some of the popular foreign languages can help you.
Chinese
Chinese is considered as an important language to enhance business prospects across the globe. It has the largest number of speakers. More than 1. 4 billion people speak Chinese. Chinese companies have invested in various industries in other countries. There are great opportunities for employment in Chinese companies if you can master Chinese.
Spanish
Spanish is spoken by about 580 million speakers across the world. It has the second largest number of speakers. Furthermore, many Spanish companies are rapidly increasing their presence in various industries like travel and tourism, translation, teaching, and international business.
Portuguese
Spoken by about 230 million people, Portuguese is the sixth most widely spoken language in the world. It is the official language of eight countries. There’s a great demand for Portu-guese language experts in various industries.
German
German is the third most popular foreign language taught worldwide and the second most popular in Europe and Japan, after English. German has between 89 and 110 million native speakers. German companies account for 700,000 jobs in the USA, so learning German can give people great job offers.
20．Why does the author advise people to learn Chinese
A．They can further study global business.
B．They can have an opportunity to go to China.
C．They can get more job offers in various countries.
D．They can find a chance to travel to other countries.
21．Which language has the second largest number of speakers in the world
A．Chinese. B．Spanish.
C．Portuguese. D．German.
22．What can we know about German from the text
A．Japanese dislike learning it.
B．It is the most popular language in Europe.
C．It is spoken by less than 89 million people.
D．Mastering it helps people get more job opportunities.
One of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in North America 16,000 years ago. According to a recent fossil discovery, that might not be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.
In 2013, a damaged mammoth (猛犸象) skull and other bones that looked “deliberately broken” were found. The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones who caused it to make tools. Carbon- dating analysis suggested the pieces are roughly 37 ,000 years old. This discovery could shift our understanding of humans ‘earliest existence in North America. These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ago.
Previous research led scientists to believe the first humans that settled in North America belonged to the Clovis culture. This was a group of people who left behind carefully made tools 16,000 years ago. However, carbon-dating analysis of the mammoth bones indicates that the site is around 36, 250 to 38, 900 years old. That means it’s the oldest known site left behind by ancient humans in North America.
“That’s not the only interesting thing about the discovery,” said Timothy Rowe, a professor at the University of Texas. “The similar findings supporting an earlier date for human arrival have been mostly ignored. This is because they have contradicted previous research.”
Now, however, he thinks there’s a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humans farther back in time.
The early humans shaped bones into sharp blades, which were used to take apart animals’ remains, according to Rowe. There are also signs that they cooked the animal bones over a fire to melt off the fat. “The real evidence that we have has to do with the breakage patterns, and how thorough they are. They must have used rocks or hammer stones to bust the skeleton apart... These people would use whatever they could,” Rowe told USA Today.
23．What can be learnt about the earliest humans in North America
A．They arrived there 16,000 years ago. B．They caused mammoth to disappear.
C．They belonged to the Clovis culture. D．They could make tools with bones.
24．Why are the findings similar to the new one ignored
A．They lack a good chance. B．They fail to draw attention.
C．They disagree with earlier research. D．They aren’t studied scientifically.
25．How does Rowe find the new discovery
A．Inspiring. B．Annoying. C．Puzzling. D．Embarrassing.
26．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Earliest Humans’ Settling in North America
B．Evidence of Earlier Humans’ Arrival in North America
C．The Earliest Tool Makers in North America
D．Research on Mammoths in North America
America has more than enough food for everyone to eat. But each year, billions of pounds of perfectly good food go to waste. Meanwhile, 34 million face hunger in the United States.
As the country’s largest food rescue organization, Feeding America partners with food manufacturers, grocery stores, restaurants, and farmers to rescue food and deliver it to food banks serving our neighbors.
Each year, 108 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $ 408 billion in food thrown away each year. Shockingly, nearly 40% of all food in America is wasted.
Food goes to waste at every stage of food production and distribution from farmers to packers and shippers, from manufacturers to retailers to our homes. Food waste in our homes makes up about 39% of all food waste—about 42 billion pounds of food waste, and commercial food waste makes up about 61% of all food waste or 66 billion pounds of food waste. Feeding America focuses on reducing food waste on farms and in food service, manufacturing, and retail.
Last year, the Feeding America network and our partners rescued 4.7 billion pounds of groceries. That food went directly to meals for people facing hunger. This makes Feeding America the largest food rescue organization in the country.
Food rescue, or food recovery, is the practice of collecting high-quality food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to people facing hunger. We work with manufacturers, retailers, and farmers to reduce food waste and get rescued food to people in need.
We identify food at risk of going to waste, offer rescued food to food banks, safely ship food over long distances and keep food fresh longer once it reaches a food bank.
27．What do we know about the food in America
A．It is barely enough. B．It is quite abundant.
C．It is easily available. D．It is increasingly insufficient.
28．What does the underlined phrase “equates to” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Consumes. B．Multiplies. C．Wastes. D．Equals.
29．How does the author reveal the food waste in America
A．By making comparisons. B．By listing reasons.
C．By presenting data. D．By offering examples.
30．What does Feeding America actually do
A．It teaches people how to grow food. B．It saves food from being wasted.
C．It urges government to take action. D．It aims to relieve world hunger.
After I finished my PhD in 2014 at Duke University, I stayed for an extra year to finish a paper and look for a postdoc (博士后) position. The first step of my process was to decide what I wanted to do with my career, and then I should find a laboratory that would help me to achieve that. I was a bit anxious about making such a strong statement about my career—a feeling that I think is shared by many graduating students.
The next step in my process was to broadly identify what type of field I wanted to work in and which techniques, system and organism I wanted to learn. Several people advised me to change one or two of these choices from my PhD work, which was in yeast cell biology (酵母细胞生物学). Although I really value having experience in multiple fields and techniques, I don’t think this change is absolutely necessary. I also talked my options through with my PhD adviser, Daniel Lew, and my lab mates. In the end, I decided to stay working with yeast but to take on more biochemistry approaches.
I then put together a list of possible labs as I read papers and university websites. By this point, my partner and I had decided that we would like to live in Europe, because it would be a great opportunity to move somewhere else and experience a different way of living. I preferred labs in Europe, but I included many in the United States as well.
I applied to eight labs by e mail: four labs in the United States and four in Europe. In the end, I decided on John Diffley’s lab at the Francis Crick Institute in London.
I could imagine how I would develop as a scientist in John’s lab and ultimately gain more independence. When you’re on an academic career track, that’s a big part of the experience becoming independent and designing your own projects.
31．What did the author do first for a postdoc position
A．Work in a university for an extra year. B．Determine what to do with his career.
C．Look for a proper laboratory for research. D．Overcome his anxiety about his career.
32．Why did the author choose yeast cell biology for his postdoc position
A．He thought it was popular.
B．He liked experiencing multiple fields.
C．He accepted his adviser’s and lab mates’ advice.
D．He considered it unnecessary to work in other fields.
33．What made the author prefer European laboratories
A．Few suitable laboratories in the U. S. B．Focusing on research and pursuing his aim.
C．A better opportunity to finish his postdoc. D．Wishing for living a different lifestyle.
34．How will the author work in John’s lab
A．By depending on John’s help. B．By designing his own projects.
C．By discussing yeast in groups. D．By sharing his good experience.
It isn’t a concert hall, but a picnic table at Lake Roland. Norma Griner performs here now. A cellphone begins recording. She keeps tapping her fingers on the table. “Feel it!” says Larry Griner, her son and caregiver.
It’s a charming scene repeated day after day at this Baltimore County park. Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症)fogs her memory but the music moves her still.
Larry shares these performances on Facebook. There’s Ms. Norma singing a song about her love of chocolate, or making strangers cry by singing Over the Rainbow. Who could guess she is at the age of 91
Alzheimer’s caregivers from around the country watch the recordings. In Texas, one woman starts her day with Ms. Norma’s newest video. In Alabama, another woman watches with her grandson, who finds life so meaningful.
Born in Philadelphia, Norma learned to read music during elementary school. Wherever she was, she lost herself in music. She retired in 1989 and devoted more time to music. In 2012, she was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, which slowly destroyed her memory and thinking. Larry soon found he could cheer her up with music.
When he played her favorite songs, Norma came alive. She might not remember where she was, but she could sing Lean on Me. The bursts of vigor (活力) moved Larry. He began to record and share her performances online.
Meanwhile, Larry formed an online support group for Alzheimer’s caregivers called Molly’s Movement. Caregivers from as far as Australia heard Norma sing. Each day, he shared a new video. “I already know what’s going to come from the loved one. They’re the only one who’s consistent (始终如一的).” he said.
35．What makes Norma Griner so special in the park
A．She is the oldest woman patient there.
B．She designs the best chocolates for strangers.
C．She sings there despite her age and illness.
D．She is good at making friends with strangers.
36．What has Alzheimer’s brought about to Norma
A．The interest in making video. B．Fading memory.
C．The gift for singing. D．Frightening disease.
37．Why did Larry decide to record his mom’s singing
A．He knew her singing would be popular.
B．He hoped to make some money online.
C．He was touched by her love for music.
D．He decided to become a music producer.
38．What’s Larry’s purpose of forming Molly’s Movement
A．To help Alzheimer’s caregivers. B．To tell the story of his mother.
C．To share a video every day. D．To cure Alzheimer’s disease.
参考答案
1．A
2．C
3．C
4．A
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。虚拟偶像柳夜熙凭借其视频的故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格的特殊视觉效果而在网上的迅速走红，反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展，文章同时剖析了其中的原因，效应以及未来的发展趋势。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The internet users were impressed by its storyline, science-fiction elements and special visual effects with cyberpunk style. (网友们对其故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格的特殊视觉效果印象深刻。)”，第三段“Lius instant popularity online further reflects that the virtual idol industry in China has been booming. (柳在网上的迅速走红进一步反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展。)”可知，虚拟偶像柳夜熙的视频中的科幻元素，有助于视频的流行。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Compared with real idols and stars, the virtual ones seem to be more approachable for fans,’ Shine News noted. (‘与真实的偶像和明星相比，虚拟的偶像和明星对粉丝来说似乎更平易近人。’Shine News指出。)”可知，虚拟偶像比真实的偶像更容易接近。故选C项。
3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“‘These so-called virtual idols have real human teams to back them up and control them. They are not really virtual,’ Ding Daoshi, an independent analyst in the internet sector, told the Global Times. (‘这些所谓的虚拟偶像有真实的人类团队来支持和控制他们。它们并不是真正的虚拟，’互联网领域的独立分析师丁道石告诉《环球时报》。)”可知，根据丁道石的话可知，目前的虚拟偶像其背后有真实的人类团体支持，因此他们的存在依赖于人类团体。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，文章以柳夜熙为例，他凭借其视频的故事情节、科幻元素和赛博朋克风格的特殊视觉效果而在网上的迅速走红，反映了中国虚拟偶像行业的蓬勃发展，文章同时剖析了其中的原因，效应以及未来的发展趋势。Virtual idols are sweeping the Internet.适合当本章标题。故选A项。
5．C
6．D
7．A
8．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究人员分析了美国劳工统计局和世界卫生组织等来源的公开数据，并调查了被调查者所分享的日常习惯、日程安排和互动，发现幸福和社会关系多样性之间存在联系，所以作者鼓励大家要多和陌生人交流。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hanne Collins, a Harvard Business School doctoral student who co-authored the study, says that relational diversity is composed of two elements: richness and evenness. (该研究的合著者、哈佛商学院的博士生汉娜·柯林斯说，人际关系的多样性由两个因素组成：丰富性和均匀性)”，第四段“Richness measures relationship categories, or how many kinds of people you interact with in a day. That could be your romantic partner, a family member, a neighbor or a stranger. (丰富度衡量的是关系类别，也就是你每天与多少种人打交道。可能是你的恋人、家庭成员、邻居或陌生人)”，第五段“Evenness relates to the distribution of conversations among those different relationship categories. Some people may find themselves interacting with colleagues at work more than, say, their family members. “If you have a few conversations with colleagues, a few with friends, a few with a romantic partner or a couple chats with strangers, thats going to be more even across these categories,” Collins explained.(均匀性与这些不同关系类别之间的对话的分布有关。有些人可能会发现自己在工作中与同事的交流比与家人的交流更多。“如果你和同事聊几句，和朋友聊几句，和恋人聊几句，或者和陌生人聊几句，这些类别的情况会更平均，”柯林斯解释说)”可推知，作者对“人际关系的多样性”作了定义，并举例说明其丰富性和均匀性。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Richness measures relationship categories, or how many kinds of people you interact with in a day. That could be your romantic partner, a family member, a neighbor or a stranger. “The more relationship categories they talk to in a day and the more even their conversations are across those categories, the happier they are. And we find this in a large sample across many countries,” Collins said.(丰富度衡量的是关系类别，也就是你每天与多少种人打交道。可能是你的恋人、家庭成员、邻居或陌生人。“他们一天中谈论的关系类别越多，而且谈话跨越这些类别的次数越多，他们就越快乐。我们在许多国家的大样本中发现了这一点，”柯林斯说)”可推知，研究表明，一个与许多不同的人交谈过的人是最幸福的。故选D项。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study by a group of researchers found that there is a link between happiness and a term that the researchers coined called “relational diversity.” (一组研究人员最近的一项研究发现，幸福和一个研究人员创造的术语“关系多样性”之间存在联系)”可知，这个研究组在研究中，创造了新词 relational diversity；第六段的第一句“Ultimately, Collins says, the study gives insight to the idea that humans are social creatures at heart. (最终，柯林斯说，这项研究让人们深刻认识到，人类本质上是社会生物)”以及最后一句“Essentially, the idea is that the more diverse your social portfolio (社交档案), the happier you are and the higher your well-being. (从本质上讲，这个观点是你的社交档案越多样化，你就越快乐，你的幸福感就越高)”可知，研究人员提出了一个新的概念：幸福和社会关系多样性之间存在联系。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Next time you consider striking up a conversation with a stranger in line at the grocery store or while waiting at the coffee shop, keep in mind that it might be beneficial to your well-being. (下次当你想在杂货店排队或在咖啡店等的时候和陌生人搭讪时，请记住这可能对你的幸福有益)”可知，作者认同这项研究结果，鼓励大家多和陌生人交谈，增加幸福感。故选D项。
9．B
10．C
11．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了2022年代码转换奖学金班的申请对面向所有处于职业生涯中期的记者和说书人现已开放。
9．细节理解题。根据文章What we’re looking for in a fellow这段话“Ideally, youre a mid-career journalist and already have a story in mind, but could use guidance and resources to report. You would benefit from weekly check-ins with a dedicated editor, training on how to report, script and produce sound-rich narratives, and working with a team that has expertise covering race and identity.(理想情况下，你是一名职业生涯中期的记者，心中已经有了一个故事，但可以利用指导和资源进行报道。你将受益于每周与一位专门的编辑进行检查，接受如何报道、编写剧本和制作声音丰富的叙事的培训，并与一个在种族和身份方面具有专业知识的团队合作。)”可知，在创作过程中，fellows会有一个专门的编辑进行检查，还会给他们进行培训。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章How to submit an application这段话“Applicants should submit their proposal and a resume ( attached as PDFs) to codeswitch@ , with the subject line “ Code Switch Mid-career Fellowship Application”.(申请者应将求职计划书和个人简历(pdf格式的附件)发送至codeswitch@ sina，标题为“代码转换职业中期奖学金申请”。)”可知，申请者在提交申请的时候要有一个固定标题。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段话“The deadline for applying for this reporting fellowship is September 30, 2022. If you have any questions, click here to reach out to the Code Switch editors.(申请该报告奖学金的截止日期为2022年9月30日。如果您有任何问题，请点击这里联系代码切换编辑器。)”可知，如果有问题，需要点击联系代码切换编辑器，因此得知这篇文章是来自网上的。故选B项。
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了全球变暖将会让世界三分之一的冰川融化的情况，呼吁大家要采取措施来拯救冰川融化。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段话“A new study warns that glaciers in a third of these World Heritage sites will disappear by 2050 due to carbon emissions warming the planet. The other two-thirds can still be saved — but only if global temperatures dont exceed 1. 5 degrees Celsius compared with pre-industrial times.(一项新的研究警告说，由于碳排放导致地球变暖，到2050年，三分之一的世界遗产的冰川将消失。剩下的三分之二仍然可以挽救——但前提是全球气温不超过1。比工业化时代前高出5摄氏度。)”可知，研究表明现在的冰川问题比较严重，需要采取措施来拯救冰川融化。第一段话列数字的作用就是突出拯救冰川任务亟不可待。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段话“The fastest melting glaciers on the list are those at Three Parallel Rivers National Park in Chinas Yunnan province.(名单上融化最快的冰川是位于中国云南省三江并流国家公园的冰川。)”可知，冰川融化最快的地方是在云南。故选A项。
14．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段话“This study highlights the urgent need to cut greenhouse gas emissions and invest in Nature-based Solutions, which can help mitigate climate change and allow people to better adapt to its impacts,(这项研究强调了减少温室气体排放和投资于基于自然的解决方案的迫切需要，这可以______气候变化，并使人们更好地适应其影响。)”可知，此句是讲减少温室气体排放给气候以及人们带来的好处。空格处表达“减轻，缓解”，故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段话“As the worlds climate leaders gather for COP27, UNESCO is calling for the creation of an international fund for glacier monitoring and preservation that would support research, strengthen ties between stakeholders( 股东), and implement disaster risk and early warning measures.(在世界气候领导人齐聚COP27之际，教科文组织呼吁建立一个国际冰川监测和保护基金，以支持研究，加强利益攸关方之间的联系，并实施灾害风险和预警措施。)”可知，接下来国际基金组织会支持研究，加强练习，实施预警措施等等。故选B项。
16．B
17．D
18．D
19．C
【导语】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jada第一次上荣誉化学课迟到的经历。
16．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn’t believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada’s counselor had said that she had real talent in science. (铃响了。Jada叹了口气，慢慢地从她一直靠着的储物柜旁走出来，沿着大厅去上化学课。荣誉化学！Jada不敢相信她妈妈让她上课，因为Jada的辅导员说她有真正的科学天赋)”和第二段“Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year’s class was a breeze, but come on Honors Chemistry She wouldn’t know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn’t know anyone like her. (Jada不得不承认她喜欢科学，去年的课程轻而易举，但是，荣誉化学？她不会认识班上的任何人，他们可能也不会认识像她这样的人)”可知，Jada确实喜欢化学课，但她不想去上荣誉化学课，因为她不认识班上的同学。故选B项。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段第二三句“The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. (糟糕的是，这让她看起来像是在做一个宏大的入场。更糟糕的是，课堂上只剩下两个座位在房间前面的实验室桌子上)”和第四段“Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyones eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed) , her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants. (Jada屏住呼吸，走了进来。每个人都盯着她。她只是知道这一点。他们盯着她的煤黑头发（新鲜染色）、黑色口红、黑色指甲油和她旧货店的黑色皮夹克。她看到的只是马球衫和卡其色裤子)”可知，因为迟到的关系，她受到了所有同学的瞩目，而她也只能屏住呼吸一直向前走到前排的空位坐下，第四段的外貌描写凸显了这一过程Jada的紧张和因为迟到受到关注的抱歉。故选D项。
18．词句猜测题。根据上文“She hated football players. They thought they were so great.”（她讨厌足球运动员。他们觉得自己很了不起）以及该词组所在的句子“That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.”（在自助餐厅附近闲逛的That group of jocks总是取笑她）”可知，that group of jocks指代前文的“football players”。故选D项。
19．细节理解题。根据第六段“The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat,and his legs wouldn’t fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red.(新来的孩子低着头走到她的桌子前。他不得不挤进座位上，他的腿放不进实验室的桌子下面。他瞥了Jada一眼，脸红了)”可知，新来的孩子很害羞。故选C项。
20．C
21．B
22．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学习一门外语可以拓宽在美国的就业机会，以及解释了为什么学习一些流行的外语会对你有帮助的原因。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Chinese companies have invested in various industries in other countries. There are great opportunities for employment in Chinese companies if you can master Chinese.”（中国企业在其他国家的各行各业进行了投资。如果你能掌握中文，在中国的公司有很大的就业机会）可知，作者建议人们学习汉语是因为他们可以在不同的国家获得更多的工作机会。故选C项。
21．细节理解题。根据“Spanish is spoken by about 580 million speakers across the world.”（全世界大约有5.8亿人说西班牙语。它拥有第二多的使用者）可知，世界上使用人数第二多的语言是西班牙语。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第五段中“German companies account for 700,000 jobs in the USA, so learning German can give people great job offers.”（德国公司在美国提供了70万个工作岗位，所以学习德语可以为人们提供很好的工作机会）可知，从文章中我们知道掌握德语可以帮助人们获得更多的工作机会。故选D项。
23．D
24．C
25．A
26．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones who caused it to make tools.(骨头上的损伤表明是人类制造的工具造成的 )”可知，北美洲最早的人类可以用骨头制作工具。故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The similar findings supporting an earlier date for human arrival have been mostly ignored. This is because they have contradicted previous research.(支持人类更早到达的类似发现大多被忽视了。这是因为它们与之前的研究相矛盾)”可知，与新发现相似的早期发现被忽略是因为与早期研究相矛盾。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据第五段“Now, however, he thinks there’s a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humans farther back in time.(然而，现在他认为研究人员很有可能找到更早以前人类存在的证据)”可知，Rowe认为新的研究很有可能帮助研究人员找到更早以前人类存在的证据。由此推知，Rowe认为这个发现是鼓舞人心的。故选A。
26．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“One of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in North America 16,000 years ago. According to a recent fossil discovery, that might not be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.(研究人员最普遍的观点之一是，人类在16000年前首次到达北美。根据最近的化石发现，这可能不是真的。这项新发现表明，人类可能更早到达北美)”和第二段的“This discovery could shift our understanding of humans ‘earliest existence in North America. These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ago.(这一发现可能会改变我们对人类最早在北美存在的理解。这些化石表明，早在一万六千年前，人类就在该地区捕杀动物)”可知，本文主要介绍新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。B项“早期人类到达北美的证据”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
27．B
28．D
29．C
30．B
【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了美国食物浪费的现象及Feeding America在减少食物浪费方面所做的努力。
27．细节理解题。由第一段中的“America has more than enough food for everyone to eat. (美国的食物足够每个人吃)”可知，美国食物充足。故选B项。
28．词句猜测题。由第三段中的“Each year, 108 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $ 408 billion in food thrown away each year. (美国每年有1080亿磅的食物被浪费。这equates to每年1300亿顿饭和超过4080亿美元的食物被丢弃)”可知，这里把浪费的食物折合成饭和美元，它们的价值是相等的，划线部分意为“等于（Equals）”。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。由第三段中的“Each year, 108 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $ 408 billion in food thrown away each year. (美国每年有1080亿磅的食物被浪费。这相当于每年1300亿顿饭和超过4080亿美元的食物被丢弃)”和第四段中的“Food waste in our homes makes up about 39% of all food waste—about 42 billion pounds of food waste, and commercial food waste makes up about 61% of all food waste or 66 billion pounds of food waste. (我们家中的食物垃圾约占所有食物垃圾的39%，约420亿磅食物垃圾，而商业食物垃圾约为所有食物垃圾或660亿磅食物废物的61%)”可知，作者通过呈现数据来说明美国食物浪费的严重性。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Last year, the Feeding America network and our partners rescued 4.7 billion pounds of groceries. That food went directly to meals for people facing hunger. (去年，Feeding America网络和我们的合作伙伴拯救了47亿英镑的食品杂货。这些食物直接用于饥饿人群的膳食)”和倒数第二段“Food rescue, or food recovery, is the practice of collecting high-quality food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to people facing hunger. We work with manufacturers, retailers, and farmers to reduce food waste and get rescued food to people in need. (食物救援，或食物回收，是一种收集高质量食物（否则这些食物将被浪费）并分发给面临饥饿的人的做法。我们与制造商、零售商和农民合作，减少食物浪费，为有需要的人提供救援食品)”可知，Feeding America将原本会被浪费的高质量粮食收集起来，分发给面临饥饿的人们，避免了食物浪费。故选B项。
31．B
32．D
33．D
34．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。作者博士毕业后面临选择研究方向和实验室等一系列的问题。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The first step of my process was to decide what I wanted to do with my career, and then I should find a laboratory that would help me to achieve that.(我的第一步是决定我想在我的职业生涯中做什么，然后我应该找到一个可以帮助我实现这一目标的实验室)”可知，作者读完博士之后,第一步是决定自己的职业。故选B项。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Although I really value having experience in multiple fields and techniques, I don’t think this change is absolutely necessary. I also talked my options through with my PhD adviser, Daniel Lew, and my lab mates. In the end, I decided to stay working with yeast but to take on more biochemistry approaches.(虽然我真的很看重在多个领域和技术方面的经验，但我不认为这种改变是绝对必要的。我还与我的博士导师丹尼尔·卢(Daniel Lew)和我的实验室伙伴讨论了我的选择。最后，我决定继续研究酵母，但采用更多的生物化学方法)”可知，作者虽然很看重在多个领域的经验,但认为没必要在其他领域工作。故选D项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“By this point, my partner and I had decided that we would like to live in Europe, because it would be a great opportunity to move somewhere else and experience a different way of living. I preferred labs in Europe, but I included many in the United States as well.(这时，我和我的伴侣已经决定我们想要住在欧洲，因为这是一个搬到其他地方体验不同生活方式的好机会。我更喜欢欧洲的实验室，但我也包括了许多美国的实验室)”可知，作者选择欧洲实验室的原因是,住在欧洲能体验不同的生活方式。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“When you’re on an academic career track, that’s a big part of the experience becoming independent and designing your own projects.(当你走在学术生涯的轨道上时，独立和设计自己的项目是一种很重要的体验)”可推知，作者将在实验室设计自己的项目。故选B项。
35．C
36．B
37．C
38．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了91岁的患有阿尔茨海默氏症的诺玛虽然记忆消退，但是仍能唱出自己热爱的歌曲，这一情况被她的儿子拉里注意到，发布到网上并成立了莫莉运动的在线支持小组，鼓励很多有相同经历的看护人。
35．推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s a charming scene repeated day after day at this Baltimore County park. Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症)fogs her memory but the music moves her still. (这是巴尔的摩县公园日复一日重复的迷人场景。阿尔茨海默氏症模糊了她的记忆，但音乐仍然打动了她。)”以及第三段“Larry shares these performances on Facebook. There’s Ms. Norma singing a song about her love of chocolate, or making strangers cry by singing Over the Rainbow. Who could guess she is at the age of 91 (拉里在Facebook上分享这些表演。诺玛会唱一首关于她对巧克力的热爱的歌，或者唱《越过彩虹》让陌生人哭。谁能想到她已经91岁了 )”可知，在公园里，有位91岁患有阿尔茨海默病的老人在唱歌，这让公园很特别。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据第五段第四句“In 2012, she was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, which slowly destroyed her memory and thinking. (2012年，她被诊断出患有阿尔茨海默症，这慢慢地摧毁了她的记忆和思维。)”可知，阿尔茨海默症让她的记忆慢慢消退。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When he played her favorite songs, Norma came alive. She might not remember where she was, but she could sing Lean on Me. The bursts of vigor (活力) moved Larry. He began to record and share her performances online. (当他播放她最喜欢的歌曲时，诺玛变得活跃起来。她可能不记得自己在哪里，但她会唱《靠在我身上》。迸发的活力打动了拉里。他开始在网上记录并分享她的表演。)”可知，正是诺玛对音乐的爱感动了拉里，才让他在网上分享她的表演。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据末段“Meanwhile, Larry formed an online support group for Alzheimer’s caregivers called Molly’s Movement. (与此同时，拉里为阿尔茨海默氏症的护理人员建立了一个名为莫莉运动的在线支持小组。)”可知，建立莫莉运动的目的是为了帮助阿尔茨海默氏症的护理人员。故选A。