山东高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含答案）
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Zombie ice(僵尸冰) from the massive Greenland ice sheet will eventually raise global sea level by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters)on its own, according to a study released Monday.
Zombie or doomed ice is ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by those larger glaciers. That’s because the parent glaciers are getting less replenishing(补充) snow. Meanwhile the doomed ice is melting from climate change, said study author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. “It is dead ice. It’s just going to melt and disappear from the ice sheet,”Colgan said in an interview. “This ice has entered the ocean, regardless of what climate emission plan we take now.”
What scientists did for the study was look at the ice in balance. In perfect balance, snowfall in the mountains in Greenland flows down and recharges and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges. But in the last few decades there’s less replenishment and more melting, creating imbalance.Study authors looked at the ratio of what’s being added to what’s being lost and calculated that 3.3% of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt no matter what happens with the world cutting carbon pollution, Colgan said.
The unavoidable ten inches in the study is more than twice as much sea level rise as scientists had previously expected from the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet. The study in the journal Nature Climate Change said it could reach as much as 30 inches. By contrast, last year’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report predicted a range of 2 to 5 inches for likely sea level rise from Greenland ice melt by the year 2100.
Although 10 inches doesn’t sound like much, that’s a global average. Some coastal areas will be hit with more, and high tides and storms on top of that could be even worse, so this much sea level rise “will have huge societal, economic and environmental impacts,”said Ellyn Enderlin, a geosciences professor at Boise State University.
1．What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to
A．Parent glaciers. B．Doomd ice. C．Thicker ice. D．Large glaciers.
2．What can we know about ice balance in Greenland
A．The ice is in a perfect state now.
B．There is more replenishment and less melting at present.
C．What’s being added equals what’s being lost in the last few decades.
D．Snowfall in the mountains can’t balance out what’s melting on the edges.
3．How does the author prove that Greenland ice is melting fast in Paragraph 4
A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples.
C．By offering suggestions. D．By giving descriptions.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．All the doomed ice will probably disappear sooner or later.
B．The melting ice on Greenland can’t be harmful to other countries.
C．The sea level will rise 40 inches from the melting of the Zombie ice.
D．Only by cutting carbon pollution can we prevent Greenland from shrinking.
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has discovered that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困扰) you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca New York asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting over 10 minutes and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.
His results have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars reasoning that because lying makes people uncomfortable, touchless emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand such as: “Do you like my dress ”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his result work assessment, where honesty is a priority, it might be best done using email.
5．What is Hancock’s study centered upon
A．The consequences of lying in various communications media.
B．People’s preference in selecting communications technologies.
C．People’s honesty levels across a range of communications media.
D．The success of communications technologies in conveying viewpoints.
6．Why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication
A．They believe that honesty is the best policy.
B．They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
C．They are most practiced at those forms of communication.
D．They are concerned about leaving behind traces of their lies.
7．What do the underlined words “hold them to account” in the fourth paragraph most probably mean
A．Do them a favour. B．Catch up with them.
C．Keep them informed. D．Let them take responsibility.
8．Why does Hancock view the telephone as a preferable medium for promoting sales
A．Salesmen may feel relaxed to overstate.
B．Salesmen can talk directly to their customers.
C．Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.
D．Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy.
There are few things in the food world that evoke (引起) stronger opinions than spices like peppers and chilies.
Capsaicin (辣椒素) is the chemical in peppers that provides that burn you know and love . Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention. “It seems to speed up the body’s fat-burning metabolism,” says Patricia Bridget Lane, a registered nutritionist. “It helps to break down more fat and burn more energy, which can help with weight loss and weight management.” A 2012 review article published in the journal Chemical Senses mentioned that those who eat spicy foods like cayenne pepper noticed a reduction in their desires for fatty, sweet, and salty foods. If you’re immersing your food in too much hot sauce — or you’re eating entirely too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels — you could be damaging your body as well.
According to one scientific study in the National Library of Medicine, capsaicin consumed in abundance can iritate the lining (膜) of your stomach after you eat it. The resulting symptoms of too much capsaicin include nausea, vomiting,abdominal pain, and burning diarrhea.
Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist said, “When spicy food creates inflammation (炎症) in the gut — from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms — sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema.” “Spicy foods can also kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn. Lying down makes heartburn worse, and the discomfort from heartburn hinders sleep,” said the health experts at WebMD．
9．How can spicy food help with weight loss
A．By burning less energy. B．By speeding up fat-burning.
C．By breaking down more sugar. D．By stimulating the desire for salt.
10．What do we know about eating too much spicy food
A．It benefits your skin. B．It affects your sleep.
C．It hardly stirs your stomach. D．It does no damage to your health.
11．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．Spicy food can extend our life.
B．Capsaicin does harm to our health.
C．Eating spices can prevent diseases.
D．Capsaicin is a double-edged sword.
12．What is the author’s attitude towards eating spicy food
A．Skeptical. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Uncaring.
If you are hot or overheated, what should you do to stay cool without air conditioning The following tips might help you.
Stay hydrated
When you’re hot and flushed, hydrating yourself is the first and foremost step to cool down, said Wendell Porter, a senior lecturer in agricultural and biological engineering at the University of Florida. The temperature of the water doesn’t matter since your body will heat it, he added.If your body is suffering from the heat and needs to cool itself, it can’t do that without enough moisture, since the body cools itself by sweating.
Take a cold shower
Taking a cold shower or bath helps cool your body by lowering your core temperature, Porter said.For an extra cool blast, try peppermint(薄荷)soap.The menthol in peppermint oil activates brain receptors that tell your body something you’re eating or feeling is cold.
Use the exhaust fan in your kitchen and/or bathroom
Turn on the switch for the exhaust fan in your kitchen to pull hot air that rises after you cook or in your bathroom to draw out steam after you shower.
Enjoy frozen treats
Eating an ice pop or ice cream to cool down may help for a moment. But don’t consume too much sugar if you’re overheated, Porter said. “Sugar would boost your metabolism (新陈代谢) and you’d start feeling internally hot,”he said.“So the cool treat might be good, but the extra sugar might not.”
13．How can you lower your core temperature according to the passage
A．By drinking cold water.
B．By taking a cold shower.
C．By eating an ice pop or ice cream.
D．By using the exhaust fan in your kitchen.
14．What should be avoided if one wants to cool down
A．Staying hydrated.
B．Trying peppermint soap.
C．Sweating yourself.
D．Enjoying sugary frozen treats.
15．Where can the passage be found
A．In a wellness book
B．In a history report.
C．In an art magazine.
D．In science fiction.
The invention of the Compact Disc (CD) caused vinyl (黑胶唱片) music records to fall out of popularity over 30 years ago. But sales of vinyl records have been growing for the past 10 years. The COVID-19 pandemic only increased the sales.
Vinyl records, made out of a kind of plastic, had been the main method for listening to music until the 1980s when CDs took their place. As a result, many factories that produced vinyl records were shut down. Mark Michaels is the head of United Records, based in the city of Nashville, Tennessee. The company is the largest record producer in the United States. He said the industry “has found new machines, and is speeding up at a new pace”.
Many of the new customers are old enough to have listened to records during their childhood or young adulthood. A younger generation is also buying records. More current artists are meeting the new demand. They have begun releasing their newest records on vinyl as well as the normal electronic releases. John Mazzetti develops musical artists and has worked for Sting, Janet Jackson, and others at A&M Records. He said, “I love the vinyl experience. All of it. To me, there is an electrifying sound that I don’t feel from digital when I play records.”
There are now around 40 active vinyl plants in the US and most of them are small. They cannot make records as fast as people are buying them. It can take six to eight months for an order of records to be filled. Manufacturers are also dealing with shortages of materials, which can slow production even more.
Because record production is not meeting demands, nobody knows how much longer the market will increase at this rate. For his own part, Michaels said, “I believe in music, and I believe in the importance of music in people’s lives. I don’t think that will change.”
16．What reduced the popularity of vinyl music records
A．The COVID-19 pandemic. B．Slow process of production.
C．The age group of customers. D．The invention of Compact Disc.
17．Why are vinyl records attractive to John Mazzetti
A．They have become more popular.
B．They are full of childhood memories.
C．They give him a different experience.
D．They are made by different musical artists.
18．What can we infer from the passage
A．Vinyl records will soon disappear completely.
B．The sales of vinyl records are making a comeback.
C．Vinyl records have already met the market demands.
D．The market of vinyl records relies on limited customers.
19．What is Mark Michaels’s attitude toward the future of vinyl records
A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
A waitress who lost her job during the coronavirus pandemic has kick-started her own career as a business woman and baker. She turned one of her lockdown hobbies into a business that brings her a lot of money.
Mona Route, 27, was let go from her server job at an airport in Melbourne, Australia, when COVID-19 hit in March 2020, and the new-found time on her hands left her feeling “so bored”. With nothing else to do, Mona decided to take up baking as a hobby to pass the time and soon found herself trying out experimental dessert recipes—which eventually led her to start her own cookie business.
Mona’s various cookie recipes became her “cheat meal” when she was on her mission to lose weight, and the massive snacks are made up of baked cookie dough (面团) that surrounds a sweet filling. The cookies quickly became a hit with her family and friends, and when her dad suggested she start selling the sweet treats, the woman set up Mona’s Treats with 15 unique cookie flavors to choose from.
The keen baker created an account on the Internet and spent 282 on ingredients for her first industrial-sized batch. At first, Mona was selling around 30 to 40 cookies a month, but she now has a monthly average of 450 orders—leaving her waking up at 2 am to keep up with demand. During the height of lockdown, Mona was selling as many as 700 cookies a month. Mona currently makes an impressive 1,700 every month from selling cookies in addition to her main occupation, and has turned over 14,000 since she started up.
The cook, who runs her business from her parents’ kitchen, is even hoping to transition into baking full-time when she can reach 1,500 orders a month. She said, “Hopefully one day I can do this in a commercial kitchen.”
20．What made Mona feel “so bored”
A．Working as a waitress at an airport.
B．Doing cookie business all day.
C．Experimenting with massive recipes.
D．Having too much free time.
21．What do we know from Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．Mona set up her own company.
B．Mona’s business began to take off.
C．Mona was successful in losing weight.
D．Mona’s business was against her family’s will.
22．Which of the following best describes Mona
A．Hardworking and creative. B．Kind and generous.
C．Confident and determined. D．Ambitious and independent.
23．What can we learn from Mona’s experience
A．Well begun, half done. B．Practice makes perfect.
C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Misfortune may be an actual blessing.
The stream behind Dakota Perry’s house in Mobile, Alabama, is often littered with rubbish. While spending time there with her dad, she would notice plastic bags, bottles and cups floating on the water and collected along the shoreline. But where some might choose community rubbish pickup, Dakota wondered if there was a better way.
Dakota’s idea was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam. Like the Dutch system, her own rubbish collecting system would send a curtain of bubbles(气泡帷幕) up from the river bottom to collect rubbish and move it to the side of the stream. But this 15-year-old challenged herself to make that concept completely green. Hers would run entirely on hydropower and solar energy.
In Dakota’s design, a curtain of bubbles would cross the river in a diagonal line(斜线). Floating rubbish would be stopped by the curtain and pushed toward the shore. There, a delivering belt run by a solar-powered battery would collect the rubbish and transport it to a dustbin.
Dakota’s system relies on an air compressor. It sends air through a plastic pipe into which she has drilled rows of tiny holes. Air escaping through those holes then bubbles to the surface, creating what looks like a curtain. For now, Dakota has focused on fine-tuning(微调) the bubble curtain. That was the most important part to figure out. “For the bubble system to actually work and actually collect the rubbish,” she explains, “I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
With the air compressor turned on. she experimented with the pressure, gradually upping it until enough bubbles rose from the pipe to form a full curtain.
Now it was time to test the curtain’s ability to collect rubbish, such as plastic soft drink bottles. Dakota placed bottles that were empty, full of water or weighted with rocks into the water. All of them stopped at the curtain and then slowly came up along the curtain until they reached the edge. She noticed that the bubbles created a current in the pool that pulled tree leaves upward. “It was exciting,” says Dakota. “I was like, ‘Yo, this actually works!’”
24．Where is Dakota’s design different from the Dutch system
A．It’s used in any kind of weather.’ B．It’s mainly run by a water wheel.
C．It’s intended to collect rubbish in rivers. D．It’s completely environmentally friendly.
25．What’s the most important in the operation of the system
A．Making the bubble curtain work best. B．Maximizing air pressure.
C．Drilling more rows of tiny holes. D．Using the solar energy.
26．What does the underlined word “they” refer to
A．Rocks. B．Bottles. C．Bubbles. D．Tree leaves.
27．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Different designs of rubbish collectors.
B．The inventing process of a new system.
C．A new system removing rubbish from rivers.
D．The functions of bubbles in collecting rubbish.
On the west bank of the Grand Canal in Tongxiang, Jiaxing City, stands a 1,300-year-old ancient town of Wuzhen. Local people’s way of life centers around rich water resources. Traditional buildings in white and grey are well preserved after hundreds of years.
Over the years, Wuzhen has been transformed from a residential area to a popular tourist destination. Today it shows fascinating China via its gorgeous water town scenery, growing soft power and international influence.
Travel tips:
Food: Food in Wuzhen is a delight to enjoy. Wuzhen is home to abundant fish, so pickled Taihu Lake whitewater fish is a good start. The meat is delicate, smooth, and tender, but mind the fish bones.
Transportation: Wuzhen is 1.5-hour drive from Hangzhou and 2-hour drive from Shanghai. The Shanghai-Wuzhen Highway is well serviced and there are special bus lines available. It would be a good option to include a journey of a day or two to Wuzhen next time you visit Shanghai or Hangzhou.
Climate: Typical subtropical monsoon climate with great sunshine and rich rainfall.
Admission fee: 150 yuan ($21) for the West Scenic Zone and 110 yuan ($15.5) for the East Scenic Zone. You may only pay 190 yuan ($26.7) for both zones.
Opening hours: The West Scenic Zone opens from 9:00 a.m. to 22:00 p.m. The East Scenic Zone opens from 7:00 a.m. to 18:00 p.m. in summer and 7:00 a.m. to 17:30 p.m. in winter.
For more information, visit the official website.
28．What do we know about Wuzhen
A．It remains unchanged for centuries.
B．Its life style is based on water resources.
C．It is closer to Shanghai than to Hangzhou.
D．Its traditional buildings are severely damaged.
29．How much can a visitor save if he visits both zones
A．$5.5. B．$5.7. C．$9.8. D．$11.2.
30．Which of the following is a good piece of advice for visitors
A．Take an umbrella with you. B．Go to Wuzhen by sea.
C．Visit the East Scenic Zone after 18:00. D．Avoid eating Taihu Lake whitewater fish.
Roads and railways have made it easy for people to travel around the UK, but have had the precisely opposite effect for insects. Alongside housing developments, transport infrastructure (基础设施) has separated insect habitats, leaving many pollinators (传粉昆虫) stuck on decreasing islands of biodiversity.
A new conservation project aims to address that by creating a network of wildflower superhighways across the UK. The B-Lines network aims to join the dots between meadow habitats, enabling pollinators and other wildlife to move freely between them. Ten years in the making, the B-Lines initiative was launched by the insect charity Buglife on Tuesday and has already generated interest from unexpected quarters. “After the launch, some house builders rang up asking how they could include the network into house building, so it could have a really positive effect,” said Buglife’s Paul Hetherington.
Buglife has spent the last decade mapping potential routes for the insect superhighway. Hetherington said the proposed highway could give the UK’s weak insects a boost and a route out of habitats that become too hot due to the climate crisis and it can make a huge difference in easing declines. “The things that have really hammered pollinators are habitat loss, loss of connectivity of habitat, climate change and pesticides—this deals with everything except pesticides,” said Hetherington.
The B-lines network is not just a concept. Pilot sections have already been completed, including the South Wales B-Lines near Cardiff. “Since that was done, there have been recordings of one of our rarest bees in Cardiff town centre, which shows this connectivity can work,” said Hetherington. And in Norwich, Buglife has been working with Network Rail to plant wildflowers along the track. Anyone living along the proposed route can get involved in the project. All they need to do is let their lawns grow, or even just create a small herb garden, which Hetherington likened to creating a “motorway service station for bees”.
31．What can we learn about the B-Lines network from paragraph 2
A．It will separate insect habitats. B．It can help insects to pollinate.
C．It is still being planned now. D．It hasn’t caused any attention.
32．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The last decade. B．The superhighway. C．The climate crisis. D．The decline.
33．How can people in Norwich participate in the project
A．By recording the tracks of bees. B．By cooperating with Network Rail.
C．By planting herbs in their own gardens. D．By creating a motorway service station.
34．What is the text mainly about
A．Roads and railways have caused bad effect on insects.
B．Transport infrastructure prevents housing developments.
C．Pollinators are stuck on decreasing islands of biodiversity.
D．Conservationists are creating “superhighways” for insects.
A strong hit to the head will normally give you a concussion (脑震荡). Woodpeckers (啄木鸟), however, strike their beaks into trees thousands of times a day and are perfectly fine.
We used to think that a woodpecker’s skull worked as a kind of safety helmet which absorbed the shocks. A new study by Sam Van Wassenbergh, a researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, proved that this “common sense” was in fact false.
Van Wassenbergh and his colleagues argued that, if a woodpecker’s head absorbed the force, it would not be able to strike the tree with enough force.
“If the beak absorbed much of its own impact, the unfortunate bird would have to pound even harder,” they said in their paper. In other words, if the theory were true, the woodpecker would have to peck even harder to compensate for both the shock-absorbing qualities of the sponge-like bone inside its skull as well as the density of the wood.
The scientists recorded four different kinds of woodpeckers in zoos as they were pecking. The team used data from their high-speed recordings to build digital models of the woodpeckers. Van Wassenbergh described the woodpeckers’ motion as “a hammer hitting wood” since their movement appeared rigid and focused.
The research suggested that woodpeckers don’t have any shock-absorbing device or the ability to reduce the amount of force. Although they are without “helmets”, the team claimed that the woodpeckers’ tiny size and weight protect them.
A woodpecker’s brain is about 700 times smaller than that of a human. “Smaller animals can withstand higher decelerations (减速). Think about a fly that hits a window and then just flies back again,” Van Wassenbergh said. “So that is why even the hardest hits we observed are not expected to cause any concussion.”
35．What was the “common sense” about woodpeckers
A．They can withstand slight concussions.
B．Their beaks can spread the shocks they produce.
C．Their heads are able to reduce the force.
D．Their bodies are soft enough to absorb the force.
36．Which can replace the underlined words “compensate for” in paragraph 4
A．Make up for. B．Improve. C．Get rid of D．Remove.
37．What does Van Wassenbergh’s experiment prove
A．The shock absorber theory is mostly correct.
B．How woodpeckers peck depends on their type.
C．Density of the wood affects a woodpeckers’ pecking force.
D．Woodpeckers do not have special safety devices.
38．Where is this text probably taken from
A．An information booklet. B．A science magazine.
C．An observation diary. D．An advertisement.
参考答案
1．B
2．D
3．A
4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项最新研究显示，格陵兰岛“僵尸冰”的融化将使全球海平面上升至少27厘米。
1．指代猜测题。根据第二段中画线词前一句“Meanwhile the doomed ice is melting from climate change, said study author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.(研究论文的合著者、丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局的冰川学家William Colgan称，由于气候变化，这些‘僵尸冰’正在融化)”可知，画线句“It is dead ice.(这是死冰)”中的It指代上文提到的“僵尸冰”。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In perfect balance, snowfall in the mountains in Greenland flows down and recharges and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges. But in the last few decades there’s less replenishment and more melting, creating imbalance.(在完美的平衡状态下，格陵兰岛山区的降雪向下流动，使冰川两侧重新结冰变厚，平衡了边缘的融化。但在过去的几十年里，补给更少，融化更多，造成了不平衡)”可知，由于山区降雪向下流动得更少，无法抵消边缘的融化，才造成了不平衡。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The unavoidable ten inches in the study is more than twice as much sea level rise as scientists had previously expected from the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet. The study in the journal Nature Climate Change said it could reach as much as 30 inches. By contrast, last year’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report predicted a range of 2 to 5 inches for likely sea level rise from Greenland ice melt by the year 2100.(研究预测格陵兰冰盖不可避免的融化将导致海平面上升10英寸，这一数值是科学家此前预测的两倍多。这项发表在《自然气候变化》杂志上的研究显示，最高可能会导致海平面上升30英寸。相比之下，去年联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会的报告预测，到2100年，格陵兰冰川融化可能导致海平面上升2至5英寸)”可知，本段是通过列举数字来证明格陵兰岛的冰融化速度很快。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘It is dead ice. It’s just going to melt and disappear from the ice sheet,’ said in an interview. ‘This ice has entered the ocean, regardless of what climate emission plan we take now.’(‘这是死冰，它将融化并从冰盖上消失。’Colgan在一次采访中称。‘不管我们现在采取怎样的气候排放方案，这些冰都会融入海洋中。’)”可知，所有的僵尸冰可能迟早都会消失。故选A。
5．C
6．D
7．D
8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同通信技术的诚信水平是不同的。
5．细节理解题。由第一段中的“The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has discovered that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. (第一项在一系列通信媒体中比较诚实的研究发现，人们在电话交谈中说谎的可能性是在电子邮件中说谎的两倍)”和第二段中的“In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting over 10 minutes and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls. (在报告中，他们记录了超过10分钟的对话或电子邮件交流次数，以及他们说了多少谎。然后汉考克计算出每种媒体每次谈话的谎言数量。他发现，在电子邮件中，谎言占14%，在即时消息中占21%，在面对面交流中占27%，在电话中占惊人的37%)”可知，第一段提到的研究就是Hancock的研究，他的研究以人们在各种通信媒体中的诚实程度为中心。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。由第四段中的“But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie (但汉考克表示，谈话是否被记录下来，是否可以重读，以及是否实时发生，也至关重要。人们似乎害怕撒谎)”和“This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. (这就是为什么电子邮件中出现的谎言比电话中少的原因)”可知，如果知道交流的内容会被记录下来，事后能被用来再次阅读，人们似乎就害怕撒谎，可得出在某些通信媒体中人们会说出真相，是因为他们害怕留下撒谎的痕迹。故选D项。
7．词句猜测题。由第四段“But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. (但汉考克表示，谈话是否被记录下来，是否可以重读，以及是否实时发生，也至关重要。他说，人们似乎害怕撒谎，因为他们知道这些信息可能会被用来hold them to account。这就是为什么电子邮件中出现的谎言比电话中少的原因)”可知，如果知道交流的内容会被记录下来，事后能被用来再次阅读，人们似乎就害怕撒谎，因为如果撒谎的话，他们会留下撒谎的痕迹，这些痕迹会被用来追究责任，hold them to account可得出意为“让他们承担责任（Let them take responsibility）”。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“For instance the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. (电话可能是销售的最好媒介，打电话时雇员可以夸大事实)”可知，汉考克认为电话是促进销售的首选媒介是因为销售人员夸大其词会感到轻松。故选A项。
9．B
10．B
11．D
12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。据研究，吃辣椒（辛辣食物）可以降低死亡率，还可帮助减肥。但是过量吃辛辣食物会伤害身体。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘It seems to speed up the body’s fat-burning metabolism,’ says Patricia Bridget Lane, a registered nutritionist. ‘It helps to break down more fat and burn more energy, which can help with weight loss and weight management.’(注册营养学家帕特丽夏·布里吉特·莱恩说：“它似乎可以加速身体燃烧脂肪的新陈代谢。它有助于分解更多脂肪，燃烧更多能量，有助于减肥和体重管理。”)”可知，辛辣食物是通过加速脂肪燃烧来帮助减肥的。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句句“‘Spicy foods can also kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn. Lying down makes heartburn worse,and the discomfort from heartburn hinders sleep,’ said the health experts at WebMD.( “辛辣食物也会导致胃灼热，从而影响睡眠。躺着会使胃灼热更严重，而胃灼热的不适会妨碍睡眠，”WebMD的健康专家说。)”可知，吃过量辛辣食物会影响睡眠。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合根据第二段第二句“Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention.( 根据哈佛大学和中国疾病预防控制中心2015年的一项大型研究，每周吃六到七天的辛辣食物，即使每天只吃一次，也能降低14%的死亡率。)”和最后一句“If you’re immersing your food in too much hot sauce — or you’re eating entirely too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels — you could be damaging your body as well.( 如果你把食物浸在太多的辣酱里，或者你吃了太多香料含量超高的食物，你的身体也会受到损害。)”可知，文章介绍了辛辣食物既能给人的身体带来好处，过量食用也会带来坏处，所以“辛辣食物是一把双刃剑”是文章主要内容。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段第二句“Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention.( 根据哈佛大学和中国疾病预防控制中心2015年的一项大型研究，每周吃六到七天的辛辣食物，即使每天只吃一次，也能降低14%的死亡率。)”和最后一段第一句“Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist said, ‘When spicy food creates inflammation (炎症) in the gut — from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms — sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema.’(佛罗里达皮肤科医生丽贝卡·东医学博士说：“当辛辣食物引起肠道炎症时——比如胃痛、反酸或其他症状——有时这种炎症也会出现在皮肤上，如潮红、痤疮甚至湿疹。”)”可知，作者是客观描述了辛辣食物对人的健康的积极和消极影响，所以作者对吃辛辣食物的态度是客观。故选C项。
13．B
14．D
15．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是在没有空调的情况下如何保持凉爽。
13．细节理解题。根据Take a cold shower部分中“Taking a cold shower or bath helps cool your body by lowering your core temperature, Porter said.(波特说，洗冷水澡或冷水淋浴通过降低核心温度的方式来帮助身体降温。)”可知，洗冷水澡或者冷水淋雨可以降低身体的核心温度。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Sugar would boost your metabolism (新陈代谢) and you’d start feeling internally hot,”he said.“So the cool treat might be good, but the extra sugar might not.”(他说:“糖会促进你的新陈代谢，你会开始感到内热。所以凉爽的食物可能很好，但额外的糖可能就不好了。”)”可知，享受冰冻甜食有时是不能让你凉爽的，因此应该避免冰冻甜食。故选D。
15．推理判断题。通读全文，文章就在没有空调的情况下如何保持凉爽提出了四个方法。这四个方法都是健康的降温方法，故推断文章出自于一本健康的书籍。故选A。
16．D
17．C
18．B
19．A
【导语】本文是说明文。30多年前，激光唱片的发明使黑胶唱片不再流行。但很多顾客的回归使黑胶唱片的销量在过去10 年一直在增长。由于很多黑胶唱片生产厂家已经倒闲，要满足顾客的需要，维持黑胶唱片的销售市场还有很多困难。
16．细节理解题。根据文章首句“The invention of the Compact Disc (CD) caused vinyl (黑胶唱片) music records to fall out of popularity over 30 years ago. (CD的发明导致黑胶唱片在30多年前就不再流行了)”可知，激光唱片的发明导致黑胶唱片不再流行。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“John Mazzetti develops musical artists and has worked for Sting, Janet Jackson, and others at A&M Records. He said, “I love the vinyl experience. All of it. To me, there is an electrifying sound that I don’t feel from digital when I play records. (John Mazzetti培养音乐艺术家，并为斯汀、珍妮特·杰克逊和A&M唱片公司的其他人工作过。他说:“我喜欢黑胶唱片的体验。所有的一切。对我来说，当我播放唱片时，有一种电子设备所没有的电气化的声音。”)”可知，Mazzetti喜欢黑胶唱片的原因是它们那种特殊的声音带来了不同的音乐欣赏体验。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Because record production is not meeting demands, nobody knows how much longer the market will increase at this rate. (因为唱片产量无法满足需求，没有人知道市场还会以这样的速度增长多久)”推知，黑胶唱片的销量正在回升。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“For his own part, Michaels said, ‘I believe in music, and I believe in the importance of music in people’s lives. I don’t think that will change.’ (就他自己而言，迈克尔斯说:“我相信音乐，我相信音乐在人们生活中的重要性。我认为这一点不会改变。”)”可推断，Michaels对黑胶唱片的未来持乐观态度。故选A。
20．D
21．B
22．A
23．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mona在新冠肺炎疫情期间丢了工作，为了打发无聊的时间，她开始以烘焙为爱好，这一爱好最终变成了一个能帮她赚钱的生意。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Mona Route, 27, was let go from her server job at an airport in Melbourne, Australia, when COVID-19 hit in March 2020, and the new-found time on her hands left her feeling “so bored”.”（27岁的Mona Route在澳大利亚墨尔本机场从事侍者工作，当2020年3月新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情袭来时，她被解雇了，她手上新获得的时间让她感到“很无聊”）可知，因为疫情原因，Mona Route被解雇了，由此可知，她有太多的空闲时间，这让她感到很无聊。故选D项。
21．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“During the height of lockdown, Mona was selling as many as 700 cookies a month. Mona currently makes an impressive 1,700 every month from selling cookies in addition to her main occupation, and has turned over 14,000 since she started up.”（在封锁最严重的时期，Mona每月卖出700多块饼干。目前，Mona除了主要职业外，还靠卖饼干每月赚1700英镑，自创业以来，她已赚了超过14000英镑）可知，在封锁最严重的时期，Mona每月卖出700多块饼干，靠卖饼干每月赚1700英镑，由此可知，Mona的生意开始腾飞了，赚了很多钱。故选B项。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“The cookies quickly became a hit with her family and friends, and when her dad suggested she start selling the sweet treats, the woman set up Mona’s Treats with 15 unique cookie flavors to choose from.”（这种饼干很快就受到了家人和朋友的欢迎，当她的父亲建议她开始卖甜食时，这位女士创建了Mona’s Treats，提供15种独特的饼干口味供顾客选择）可知，Mona制作了15种独特的饼干口味供顾客选择，由此可知，她是个有创造力的人；根据第四段关键句“At first, Mona was selling around 30 to 40 cookies a month, but she now has a monthly average of 450 orders—leaving her waking up at 2 am to keep up with demand.”（起初，Mona一个月大约卖30到40块饼干，但现在她每月平均有450份订单，每天凌晨2点就要起床以跟上需求）可知，为了完成顾客的订单，Mona每天凌晨2点就要起床工作，由此可知，她是个勤奋的人，综上，她是一个勤奋的且有创造力的人。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“A waitress who lost her job during the coronavirus pandemic has kick-started her own career as a business woman and baker.”（一名在新冠病毒大流行期间失去工作的女服务员开始了自己的职业生涯，成为一名女商人和面包师）可知，文章讲述了Mona在新冠肺炎疫情期间丢了工作，为了打发无聊的时间，她开始以烘焙为爱好，这一爱好最终变成了一个能帮她赚钱的生意，通过这个故事告诉我们，不幸也会带来机遇，由此可知，我们可以从Mona的经历中学到“不幸可能是真正的福气”。故选D项。
24．D
25．A
26．B
27．C
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了亚拉巴马州莫比尔市的Dakota Perry发明了一种装置，它可以有效地收集河流中的垃圾。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段的“But this 15-year-old challenged herself to make that concept completely green. Hers would run entirely on hydropower and solar energy.(但这个15岁的女孩挑战自己，让这个概念变得完全绿色。她的垃圾收集系统将完全依靠水力发电和太阳能。)”可知，Dakota让这个概念完全环保。她的系统将完全依靠水电和太阳能。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段的“For now, Dakota has focused on fine-tuning(微调) the bubble curtain. That was the most important part to figure out.(目前，达科塔专注于微调气泡窗帘。这是需要弄清楚的最重要的部分。)”可知，Dakota 发明的这套系统运作的重点是微调气泡帷幕，这是最重要的部分。故选A。
26．词句猜测题。根据第六段的“Now it was time to test the curtain’s ability to collect rubbish, such as plastic soft drink bottles. Dakota placed bottles that were empty, full of water or weighted with rocks into the water. All of them stopped at the curtain and then slowly came up along the curtain until they reached the edge.(现在是时候测试窗帘收集垃圾的能力了，比如塑料饮料瓶。达科塔把空瓶子、装满水或装满石头的瓶子放入水中。所有的瓶子都在帘子前停了下来，然后沿着帘子慢慢地往上走，直到他们走到边缘。)”可知，画线词they指上文提到的bottles。故选B。
27．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Like the Dutch system, her own rubbish collecting system would send a curtain of bubbles(气泡帷幕) up from the river bottom to collect rubbish and move it to the side of the stream.(和荷兰的垃圾收集系统一样，她自己的垃圾收集系统会从河底喷出一帘气泡，收集垃圾并将其移到河边。)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了亚拉巴马州莫比尔市的Dakota发明的一种垃圾收集装置。故选C。
28．B
29．C
30．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了乌镇的概况及游览的建议。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Local people’s way of life centers around rich water resources.”（当地人的生活方式以丰富的水资源为中心。）可知，乌镇的生活方式以水资源为基础。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Admission fee: 150 yuan$21 for the West Scenic Zone and $15.5 for the East Scenic Zone..$26.7 for both zones”（门票:150元，西部景区21美元，东部景区15.5美元，两个景区26.7美元）可知，答案为$21+$15.5-$26.7=$9.8。可知，如果游客同时访问两个区域，他就可以省下9.8美元。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Climate:Typical subtropical monsoon climate with great sunshine and rich rainfall.”（气候：典型的亚热带季风气候，日照充足，雨量充沛。）可知，乌镇雨水丰富，游览时可携带雨伞。故选A。
31．B
32．B
33．C
34．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的保护项目旨在通过在英国建立一个野花高速公路网络来解决昆虫栖息地被分隔开的问题。介绍了这一项目具体的操作过程以及实施情况。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The B-Lines network aims to join the dots between meadow habitats, enabling pollinators and other wildlife to move freely between them.(B-Lines网络旨在将草地栖息地之间的点连接起来，使传粉者和其他野生动物能够在它们之间自由移动)”可知，B-Lines可以帮助昆虫授粉。故选B。
32．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Buglife has spent the last decade mapping potential routes for the insect superhighway. Hetherington said the proposed highway could give the UK’s weak insects a boost and a route out of habitats that become too hot due to the climate crisis and it can make a huge difference in easing declines.(过去十年里，Buglife一直在绘制昆虫高速公路的潜在路线。赫瑟林顿说，这条拟议中的高速公路可以给英国脆弱的昆虫带来提振作用，也可以为它们提供一条离开因气候危机而变得过于炎热的栖息地的路线，它可以在缓解昆虫数量下降方面发挥巨大作用)”以及画线词上文“The things that have really hammered pollinators are habitat loss, loss of connectivity of habitat, climate change and pesticides(真正打击传粉者的是栖息地的丧失、栖息地连通性的丧失、气候变化和杀虫剂)”可知，Buglife一直在绘制昆虫高速公路的潜在路线，且这条昆虫高速公路涉及除了杀虫剂以外的一切信息，故this指的是“高速公路”。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“All they need to do is let their lawns grow, or even just create a small herb garden, which Hetherington likened to creating a “motorway service station for bees”.(他们所需要做的就是让草坪生长，甚至只是创建一个小的草本花园，赫瑟林顿将其比作创建一个“蜜蜂的高速公路服务站”)”可知，诺维奇的人们可以在自己的花园里种植药草，来参与到这个项目中来。故选C。
34．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A new conservation project aims to address that by creating a network of wildflower superhighways across the UK. The B-Lines network aims to join the dots between meadow habitats, enabling pollinators and other wildlife to move freely between them.(一项新的保护项目旨在通过在英国建立一个野花高速公路网络来解决这个问题。B-Lines网络旨在将草地栖息地之间的点连接起来，使传粉者和其他野生动物能够在它们之间自由移动)”文章还介绍了这一项目具体的操作过程以及实施情况。可知，环保主义者正在为昆虫建造“高速公路”。故选D。
35．C
36．A
37．D
38．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以一项研究成果为依据向我们揭露了啄木鸟其实并不是我们过去认为的那样，头部有减震装置或减少力量的能力，并且得出了是因为它们微小的体型和体重使得它们可以承受撞击。
35．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We used to think that a woodpecker’s skull worked as a kind of safety helmet which absorbed the shocks. A new study by Sam Van Wassenbergh, a researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, proved that this “common sense” was in fact false. (我们过去一直认为啄木鸟的头骨可以作为一种安全头盔，可以缓冲冲击力。比利时Antwerp大学的研究人员Sam Van Wassenbergh的一项新研究证明，这种“普遍认识”实际上是错误的。)”可知我们过去对于啄木鸟的普遍认识是它的头骨可以作为一种安全头盔，可以缓冲冲击力，即它们的头可以减少冲击的力量；故选C项。
36．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段““If the beak absorbed much of its own impact, the unfortunate bird would have to pound even harder,” they said in their paper. In other words, if the theory were true, the woodpecker would have to peck even harder to compensate for both the shock-absorbing qualities of the sponge-like bone inside its skull as well as the density of the wood. (他们在论文中说：“如果鸟嘴吸收了自己的大部分冲击力，这只不幸的鸟将不得不更用力地撞击。”换句话说，如果这个理论是正确的，啄木鸟将不得不更加用力地啄，以弥补其头骨内海绵状骨头的减震特性和木头的密度。)”可知，如果啄木鸟自己吸收大部分冲击力的话，将不得不更用力地啄，因为力的作用是相互的，而其头骨内海绵状骨头的减震特性减少了这种力量，使得它无法以足够的力量击中树；木头的密度越大，啄的时候所需要的冲击力就越大，就越能击中树，所以如果啄木鸟自己吸收大部分冲击力的话，必须以更大的力量来弥补其头骨的减震特性所导致的冲击力减弱，犹如弥补增加木材密度那样，使得相互作用的冲击力增大；故推知划线短语“compensate for”的意思是“弥补”；故选A项。
37．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The research suggested that woodpeckers don’t have any shock-absorbing device or the ability to reduce the amount of force. Although they are without “helmets”, the team claimed that the woodpeckers’ tiny size and weight protect them. (研究表明，啄木鸟没有任何减震装置或减少力量的能力。尽管它们没有“头盔”，但研究小组声称，啄木鸟微小的体型和体重保护了它们。)”可知研究表明，啄木鸟没有任何减震装置或减少力量的能力，也没有所谓的安全“头盔”，即它们没有特殊的安全装置；故选D项。
38．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章以一项研究成果为依据向我们揭露了啄木鸟其实并不是我们过去认为的那样，头部有减震装置或减少力量的能力，并且得出了是因为它们微小的体型和体重使得他们可以承受撞击，这是基于科学研究的基础上得出的结论，故推知这篇文章出自于一篇科学杂志；故选B项。
Zombie ice(僵尸冰) from the massive Greenland ice sheet will eventually raise global sea level by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters)on its own, according to a study released Monday.
Zombie or doomed ice is ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by those larger glaciers. That’s because the parent glaciers are getting less replenishing(补充) snow. Meanwhile the doomed ice is melting from climate change, said study author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. “It is dead ice. It’s just going to melt and disappear from the ice sheet,”Colgan said in an interview. “This ice has entered the ocean, regardless of what climate emission plan we take now.”
What scientists did for the study was look at the ice in balance. In perfect balance, snowfall in the mountains in Greenland flows down and recharges and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges. But in the last few decades there’s less replenishment and more melting, creating imbalance.Study authors looked at the ratio of what’s being added to what’s being lost and calculated that 3.3% of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt no matter what happens with the world cutting carbon pollution, Colgan said.
The unavoidable ten inches in the study is more than twice as much sea level rise as scientists had previously expected from the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet. The study in the journal Nature Climate Change said it could reach as much as 30 inches. By contrast, last year’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report predicted a range of 2 to 5 inches for likely sea level rise from Greenland ice melt by the year 2100.
Although 10 inches doesn’t sound like much, that’s a global average. Some coastal areas will be hit with more, and high tides and storms on top of that could be even worse, so this much sea level rise “will have huge societal, economic and environmental impacts,”said Ellyn Enderlin, a geosciences professor at Boise State University.
1．What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to
A．Parent glaciers. B．Doomd ice. C．Thicker ice. D．Large glaciers.
2．What can we know about ice balance in Greenland
A．The ice is in a perfect state now.
B．There is more replenishment and less melting at present.
C．What’s being added equals what’s being lost in the last few decades.
D．Snowfall in the mountains can’t balance out what’s melting on the edges.
3．How does the author prove that Greenland ice is melting fast in Paragraph 4
A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples.
C．By offering suggestions. D．By giving descriptions.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．All the doomed ice will probably disappear sooner or later.
B．The melting ice on Greenland can’t be harmful to other countries.
C．The sea level will rise 40 inches from the melting of the Zombie ice.
D．Only by cutting carbon pollution can we prevent Greenland from shrinking.
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has discovered that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困扰) you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca New York asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting over 10 minutes and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.
His results have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars reasoning that because lying makes people uncomfortable, touchless emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand such as: “Do you like my dress ”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his result work assessment, where honesty is a priority, it might be best done using email.
5．What is Hancock’s study centered upon
A．The consequences of lying in various communications media.
B．People’s preference in selecting communications technologies.
C．People’s honesty levels across a range of communications media.
D．The success of communications technologies in conveying viewpoints.
6．Why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication
A．They believe that honesty is the best policy.
B．They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
C．They are most practiced at those forms of communication.
D．They are concerned about leaving behind traces of their lies.
7．What do the underlined words “hold them to account” in the fourth paragraph most probably mean
A．Do them a favour. B．Catch up with them.
C．Keep them informed. D．Let them take responsibility.
8．Why does Hancock view the telephone as a preferable medium for promoting sales
A．Salesmen may feel relaxed to overstate.
B．Salesmen can talk directly to their customers.
C．Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.
D．Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy.
There are few things in the food world that evoke (引起) stronger opinions than spices like peppers and chilies.
Capsaicin (辣椒素) is the chemical in peppers that provides that burn you know and love . Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention. “It seems to speed up the body’s fat-burning metabolism,” says Patricia Bridget Lane, a registered nutritionist. “It helps to break down more fat and burn more energy, which can help with weight loss and weight management.” A 2012 review article published in the journal Chemical Senses mentioned that those who eat spicy foods like cayenne pepper noticed a reduction in their desires for fatty, sweet, and salty foods. If you’re immersing your food in too much hot sauce — or you’re eating entirely too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels — you could be damaging your body as well.
According to one scientific study in the National Library of Medicine, capsaicin consumed in abundance can iritate the lining (膜) of your stomach after you eat it. The resulting symptoms of too much capsaicin include nausea, vomiting,abdominal pain, and burning diarrhea.
Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist said, “When spicy food creates inflammation (炎症) in the gut — from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms — sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema.” “Spicy foods can also kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn. Lying down makes heartburn worse, and the discomfort from heartburn hinders sleep,” said the health experts at WebMD．
9．How can spicy food help with weight loss
A．By burning less energy. B．By speeding up fat-burning.
C．By breaking down more sugar. D．By stimulating the desire for salt.
10．What do we know about eating too much spicy food
A．It benefits your skin. B．It affects your sleep.
C．It hardly stirs your stomach. D．It does no damage to your health.
11．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．Spicy food can extend our life.
B．Capsaicin does harm to our health.
C．Eating spices can prevent diseases.
D．Capsaicin is a double-edged sword.
12．What is the author’s attitude towards eating spicy food
A．Skeptical. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Uncaring.
If you are hot or overheated, what should you do to stay cool without air conditioning The following tips might help you.
Stay hydrated
When you’re hot and flushed, hydrating yourself is the first and foremost step to cool down, said Wendell Porter, a senior lecturer in agricultural and biological engineering at the University of Florida. The temperature of the water doesn’t matter since your body will heat it, he added.If your body is suffering from the heat and needs to cool itself, it can’t do that without enough moisture, since the body cools itself by sweating.
Take a cold shower
Taking a cold shower or bath helps cool your body by lowering your core temperature, Porter said.For an extra cool blast, try peppermint(薄荷)soap.The menthol in peppermint oil activates brain receptors that tell your body something you’re eating or feeling is cold.
Use the exhaust fan in your kitchen and/or bathroom
Turn on the switch for the exhaust fan in your kitchen to pull hot air that rises after you cook or in your bathroom to draw out steam after you shower.
Enjoy frozen treats
Eating an ice pop or ice cream to cool down may help for a moment. But don’t consume too much sugar if you’re overheated, Porter said. “Sugar would boost your metabolism (新陈代谢) and you’d start feeling internally hot,”he said.“So the cool treat might be good, but the extra sugar might not.”
13．How can you lower your core temperature according to the passage
A．By drinking cold water.
B．By taking a cold shower.
C．By eating an ice pop or ice cream.
D．By using the exhaust fan in your kitchen.
14．What should be avoided if one wants to cool down
A．Staying hydrated.
B．Trying peppermint soap.
C．Sweating yourself.
D．Enjoying sugary frozen treats.
15．Where can the passage be found
A．In a wellness book
B．In a history report.
C．In an art magazine.
D．In science fiction.
The invention of the Compact Disc (CD) caused vinyl (黑胶唱片) music records to fall out of popularity over 30 years ago. But sales of vinyl records have been growing for the past 10 years. The COVID-19 pandemic only increased the sales.
Vinyl records, made out of a kind of plastic, had been the main method for listening to music until the 1980s when CDs took their place. As a result, many factories that produced vinyl records were shut down. Mark Michaels is the head of United Records, based in the city of Nashville, Tennessee. The company is the largest record producer in the United States. He said the industry “has found new machines, and is speeding up at a new pace”.
Many of the new customers are old enough to have listened to records during their childhood or young adulthood. A younger generation is also buying records. More current artists are meeting the new demand. They have begun releasing their newest records on vinyl as well as the normal electronic releases. John Mazzetti develops musical artists and has worked for Sting, Janet Jackson, and others at A&M Records. He said, “I love the vinyl experience. All of it. To me, there is an electrifying sound that I don’t feel from digital when I play records.”
There are now around 40 active vinyl plants in the US and most of them are small. They cannot make records as fast as people are buying them. It can take six to eight months for an order of records to be filled. Manufacturers are also dealing with shortages of materials, which can slow production even more.
Because record production is not meeting demands, nobody knows how much longer the market will increase at this rate. For his own part, Michaels said, “I believe in music, and I believe in the importance of music in people’s lives. I don’t think that will change.”
16．What reduced the popularity of vinyl music records
A．The COVID-19 pandemic. B．Slow process of production.
C．The age group of customers. D．The invention of Compact Disc.
17．Why are vinyl records attractive to John Mazzetti
A．They have become more popular.
B．They are full of childhood memories.
C．They give him a different experience.
D．They are made by different musical artists.
18．What can we infer from the passage
A．Vinyl records will soon disappear completely.
B．The sales of vinyl records are making a comeback.
C．Vinyl records have already met the market demands.
D．The market of vinyl records relies on limited customers.
19．What is Mark Michaels’s attitude toward the future of vinyl records
A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
A waitress who lost her job during the coronavirus pandemic has kick-started her own career as a business woman and baker. She turned one of her lockdown hobbies into a business that brings her a lot of money.
Mona Route, 27, was let go from her server job at an airport in Melbourne, Australia, when COVID-19 hit in March 2020, and the new-found time on her hands left her feeling “so bored”. With nothing else to do, Mona decided to take up baking as a hobby to pass the time and soon found herself trying out experimental dessert recipes—which eventually led her to start her own cookie business.
Mona’s various cookie recipes became her “cheat meal” when she was on her mission to lose weight, and the massive snacks are made up of baked cookie dough (面团) that surrounds a sweet filling. The cookies quickly became a hit with her family and friends, and when her dad suggested she start selling the sweet treats, the woman set up Mona’s Treats with 15 unique cookie flavors to choose from.
The keen baker created an account on the Internet and spent 282 on ingredients for her first industrial-sized batch. At first, Mona was selling around 30 to 40 cookies a month, but she now has a monthly average of 450 orders—leaving her waking up at 2 am to keep up with demand. During the height of lockdown, Mona was selling as many as 700 cookies a month. Mona currently makes an impressive 1,700 every month from selling cookies in addition to her main occupation, and has turned over 14,000 since she started up.
The cook, who runs her business from her parents’ kitchen, is even hoping to transition into baking full-time when she can reach 1,500 orders a month. She said, “Hopefully one day I can do this in a commercial kitchen.”
20．What made Mona feel “so bored”
A．Working as a waitress at an airport.
B．Doing cookie business all day.
C．Experimenting with massive recipes.
D．Having too much free time.
21．What do we know from Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．Mona set up her own company.
B．Mona’s business began to take off.
C．Mona was successful in losing weight.
D．Mona’s business was against her family’s will.
22．Which of the following best describes Mona
A．Hardworking and creative. B．Kind and generous.
C．Confident and determined. D．Ambitious and independent.
23．What can we learn from Mona’s experience
A．Well begun, half done. B．Practice makes perfect.
C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Misfortune may be an actual blessing.
The stream behind Dakota Perry’s house in Mobile, Alabama, is often littered with rubbish. While spending time there with her dad, she would notice plastic bags, bottles and cups floating on the water and collected along the shoreline. But where some might choose community rubbish pickup, Dakota wondered if there was a better way.
Dakota’s idea was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam. Like the Dutch system, her own rubbish collecting system would send a curtain of bubbles(气泡帷幕) up from the river bottom to collect rubbish and move it to the side of the stream. But this 15-year-old challenged herself to make that concept completely green. Hers would run entirely on hydropower and solar energy.
In Dakota’s design, a curtain of bubbles would cross the river in a diagonal line(斜线). Floating rubbish would be stopped by the curtain and pushed toward the shore. There, a delivering belt run by a solar-powered battery would collect the rubbish and transport it to a dustbin.
Dakota’s system relies on an air compressor. It sends air through a plastic pipe into which she has drilled rows of tiny holes. Air escaping through those holes then bubbles to the surface, creating what looks like a curtain. For now, Dakota has focused on fine-tuning(微调) the bubble curtain. That was the most important part to figure out. “For the bubble system to actually work and actually collect the rubbish,” she explains, “I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
With the air compressor turned on. she experimented with the pressure, gradually upping it until enough bubbles rose from the pipe to form a full curtain.
Now it was time to test the curtain’s ability to collect rubbish, such as plastic soft drink bottles. Dakota placed bottles that were empty, full of water or weighted with rocks into the water. All of them stopped at the curtain and then slowly came up along the curtain until they reached the edge. She noticed that the bubbles created a current in the pool that pulled tree leaves upward. “It was exciting,” says Dakota. “I was like, ‘Yo, this actually works!’”
24．Where is Dakota’s design different from the Dutch system
A．It’s used in any kind of weather.’ B．It’s mainly run by a water wheel.
C．It’s intended to collect rubbish in rivers. D．It’s completely environmentally friendly.
25．What’s the most important in the operation of the system
A．Making the bubble curtain work best. B．Maximizing air pressure.
C．Drilling more rows of tiny holes. D．Using the solar energy.
26．What does the underlined word “they” refer to
A．Rocks. B．Bottles. C．Bubbles. D．Tree leaves.
27．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Different designs of rubbish collectors.
B．The inventing process of a new system.
C．A new system removing rubbish from rivers.
D．The functions of bubbles in collecting rubbish.
On the west bank of the Grand Canal in Tongxiang, Jiaxing City, stands a 1,300-year-old ancient town of Wuzhen. Local people’s way of life centers around rich water resources. Traditional buildings in white and grey are well preserved after hundreds of years.
Over the years, Wuzhen has been transformed from a residential area to a popular tourist destination. Today it shows fascinating China via its gorgeous water town scenery, growing soft power and international influence.
Travel tips:
Food: Food in Wuzhen is a delight to enjoy. Wuzhen is home to abundant fish, so pickled Taihu Lake whitewater fish is a good start. The meat is delicate, smooth, and tender, but mind the fish bones.
Transportation: Wuzhen is 1.5-hour drive from Hangzhou and 2-hour drive from Shanghai. The Shanghai-Wuzhen Highway is well serviced and there are special bus lines available. It would be a good option to include a journey of a day or two to Wuzhen next time you visit Shanghai or Hangzhou.
Climate: Typical subtropical monsoon climate with great sunshine and rich rainfall.
Admission fee: 150 yuan ($21) for the West Scenic Zone and 110 yuan ($15.5) for the East Scenic Zone. You may only pay 190 yuan ($26.7) for both zones.
Opening hours: The West Scenic Zone opens from 9:00 a.m. to 22:00 p.m. The East Scenic Zone opens from 7:00 a.m. to 18:00 p.m. in summer and 7:00 a.m. to 17:30 p.m. in winter.
For more information, visit the official website.
28．What do we know about Wuzhen
A．It remains unchanged for centuries.
B．Its life style is based on water resources.
C．It is closer to Shanghai than to Hangzhou.
D．Its traditional buildings are severely damaged.
29．How much can a visitor save if he visits both zones
A．$5.5. B．$5.7. C．$9.8. D．$11.2.
30．Which of the following is a good piece of advice for visitors
A．Take an umbrella with you. B．Go to Wuzhen by sea.
C．Visit the East Scenic Zone after 18:00. D．Avoid eating Taihu Lake whitewater fish.
Roads and railways have made it easy for people to travel around the UK, but have had the precisely opposite effect for insects. Alongside housing developments, transport infrastructure (基础设施) has separated insect habitats, leaving many pollinators (传粉昆虫) stuck on decreasing islands of biodiversity.
A new conservation project aims to address that by creating a network of wildflower superhighways across the UK. The B-Lines network aims to join the dots between meadow habitats, enabling pollinators and other wildlife to move freely between them. Ten years in the making, the B-Lines initiative was launched by the insect charity Buglife on Tuesday and has already generated interest from unexpected quarters. “After the launch, some house builders rang up asking how they could include the network into house building, so it could have a really positive effect,” said Buglife’s Paul Hetherington.
Buglife has spent the last decade mapping potential routes for the insect superhighway. Hetherington said the proposed highway could give the UK’s weak insects a boost and a route out of habitats that become too hot due to the climate crisis and it can make a huge difference in easing declines. “The things that have really hammered pollinators are habitat loss, loss of connectivity of habitat, climate change and pesticides—this deals with everything except pesticides,” said Hetherington.
The B-lines network is not just a concept. Pilot sections have already been completed, including the South Wales B-Lines near Cardiff. “Since that was done, there have been recordings of one of our rarest bees in Cardiff town centre, which shows this connectivity can work,” said Hetherington. And in Norwich, Buglife has been working with Network Rail to plant wildflowers along the track. Anyone living along the proposed route can get involved in the project. All they need to do is let their lawns grow, or even just create a small herb garden, which Hetherington likened to creating a “motorway service station for bees”.
31．What can we learn about the B-Lines network from paragraph 2
A．It will separate insect habitats. B．It can help insects to pollinate.
C．It is still being planned now. D．It hasn’t caused any attention.
32．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The last decade. B．The superhighway. C．The climate crisis. D．The decline.
33．How can people in Norwich participate in the project
A．By recording the tracks of bees. B．By cooperating with Network Rail.
C．By planting herbs in their own gardens. D．By creating a motorway service station.
34．What is the text mainly about
A．Roads and railways have caused bad effect on insects.
B．Transport infrastructure prevents housing developments.
C．Pollinators are stuck on decreasing islands of biodiversity.
D．Conservationists are creating “superhighways” for insects.
A strong hit to the head will normally give you a concussion (脑震荡). Woodpeckers (啄木鸟), however, strike their beaks into trees thousands of times a day and are perfectly fine.
We used to think that a woodpecker’s skull worked as a kind of safety helmet which absorbed the shocks. A new study by Sam Van Wassenbergh, a researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, proved that this “common sense” was in fact false.
Van Wassenbergh and his colleagues argued that, if a woodpecker’s head absorbed the force, it would not be able to strike the tree with enough force.
“If the beak absorbed much of its own impact, the unfortunate bird would have to pound even harder,” they said in their paper. In other words, if the theory were true, the woodpecker would have to peck even harder to compensate for both the shock-absorbing qualities of the sponge-like bone inside its skull as well as the density of the wood.
The scientists recorded four different kinds of woodpeckers in zoos as they were pecking. The team used data from their high-speed recordings to build digital models of the woodpeckers. Van Wassenbergh described the woodpeckers’ motion as “a hammer hitting wood” since their movement appeared rigid and focused.
The research suggested that woodpeckers don’t have any shock-absorbing device or the ability to reduce the amount of force. Although they are without “helmets”, the team claimed that the woodpeckers’ tiny size and weight protect them.
A woodpecker’s brain is about 700 times smaller than that of a human. “Smaller animals can withstand higher decelerations (减速). Think about a fly that hits a window and then just flies back again,” Van Wassenbergh said. “So that is why even the hardest hits we observed are not expected to cause any concussion.”
35．What was the “common sense” about woodpeckers
A．They can withstand slight concussions.
B．Their beaks can spread the shocks they produce.
C．Their heads are able to reduce the force.
D．Their bodies are soft enough to absorb the force.
36．Which can replace the underlined words “compensate for” in paragraph 4
A．Make up for. B．Improve. C．Get rid of D．Remove.
37．What does Van Wassenbergh’s experiment prove
A．The shock absorber theory is mostly correct.
B．How woodpeckers peck depends on their type.
C．Density of the wood affects a woodpeckers’ pecking force.
D．Woodpeckers do not have special safety devices.
38．Where is this text probably taken from
A．An information booklet. B．A science magazine.
C．An observation diary. D．An advertisement.
参考答案
1．B
2．D
3．A
4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，一项最新研究显示，格陵兰岛“僵尸冰”的融化将使全球海平面上升至少27厘米。
1．指代猜测题。根据第二段中画线词前一句“Meanwhile the doomed ice is melting from climate change, said study author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.(研究论文的合著者、丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局的冰川学家William Colgan称，由于气候变化，这些‘僵尸冰’正在融化)”可知，画线句“It is dead ice.(这是死冰)”中的It指代上文提到的“僵尸冰”。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In perfect balance, snowfall in the mountains in Greenland flows down and recharges and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges. But in the last few decades there’s less replenishment and more melting, creating imbalance.(在完美的平衡状态下，格陵兰岛山区的降雪向下流动，使冰川两侧重新结冰变厚，平衡了边缘的融化。但在过去的几十年里，补给更少，融化更多，造成了不平衡)”可知，由于山区降雪向下流动得更少，无法抵消边缘的融化，才造成了不平衡。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The unavoidable ten inches in the study is more than twice as much sea level rise as scientists had previously expected from the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet. The study in the journal Nature Climate Change said it could reach as much as 30 inches. By contrast, last year’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report predicted a range of 2 to 5 inches for likely sea level rise from Greenland ice melt by the year 2100.(研究预测格陵兰冰盖不可避免的融化将导致海平面上升10英寸，这一数值是科学家此前预测的两倍多。这项发表在《自然气候变化》杂志上的研究显示，最高可能会导致海平面上升30英寸。相比之下，去年联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会的报告预测，到2100年，格陵兰冰川融化可能导致海平面上升2至5英寸)”可知，本段是通过列举数字来证明格陵兰岛的冰融化速度很快。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘It is dead ice. It’s just going to melt and disappear from the ice sheet,’ said in an interview. ‘This ice has entered the ocean, regardless of what climate emission plan we take now.’(‘这是死冰，它将融化并从冰盖上消失。’Colgan在一次采访中称。‘不管我们现在采取怎样的气候排放方案，这些冰都会融入海洋中。’)”可知，所有的僵尸冰可能迟早都会消失。故选A。
5．C
6．D
7．D
8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同通信技术的诚信水平是不同的。
5．细节理解题。由第一段中的“The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has discovered that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. (第一项在一系列通信媒体中比较诚实的研究发现，人们在电话交谈中说谎的可能性是在电子邮件中说谎的两倍)”和第二段中的“In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting over 10 minutes and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls. (在报告中，他们记录了超过10分钟的对话或电子邮件交流次数，以及他们说了多少谎。然后汉考克计算出每种媒体每次谈话的谎言数量。他发现，在电子邮件中，谎言占14%，在即时消息中占21%，在面对面交流中占27%，在电话中占惊人的37%)”可知，第一段提到的研究就是Hancock的研究，他的研究以人们在各种通信媒体中的诚实程度为中心。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。由第四段中的“But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie (但汉考克表示，谈话是否被记录下来，是否可以重读，以及是否实时发生，也至关重要。人们似乎害怕撒谎)”和“This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. (这就是为什么电子邮件中出现的谎言比电话中少的原因)”可知，如果知道交流的内容会被记录下来，事后能被用来再次阅读，人们似乎就害怕撒谎，可得出在某些通信媒体中人们会说出真相，是因为他们害怕留下撒谎的痕迹。故选D项。
7．词句猜测题。由第四段“But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. (但汉考克表示，谈话是否被记录下来，是否可以重读，以及是否实时发生，也至关重要。他说，人们似乎害怕撒谎，因为他们知道这些信息可能会被用来hold them to account。这就是为什么电子邮件中出现的谎言比电话中少的原因)”可知，如果知道交流的内容会被记录下来，事后能被用来再次阅读，人们似乎就害怕撒谎，因为如果撒谎的话，他们会留下撒谎的痕迹，这些痕迹会被用来追究责任，hold them to account可得出意为“让他们承担责任（Let them take responsibility）”。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“For instance the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. (电话可能是销售的最好媒介，打电话时雇员可以夸大事实)”可知，汉考克认为电话是促进销售的首选媒介是因为销售人员夸大其词会感到轻松。故选A项。
9．B
10．B
11．D
12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。据研究，吃辣椒（辛辣食物）可以降低死亡率，还可帮助减肥。但是过量吃辛辣食物会伤害身体。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘It seems to speed up the body’s fat-burning metabolism,’ says Patricia Bridget Lane, a registered nutritionist. ‘It helps to break down more fat and burn more energy, which can help with weight loss and weight management.’(注册营养学家帕特丽夏·布里吉特·莱恩说：“它似乎可以加速身体燃烧脂肪的新陈代谢。它有助于分解更多脂肪，燃烧更多能量，有助于减肥和体重管理。”)”可知，辛辣食物是通过加速脂肪燃烧来帮助减肥的。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句句“‘Spicy foods can also kill sleep efforts because they cause heartburn. Lying down makes heartburn worse,and the discomfort from heartburn hinders sleep,’ said the health experts at WebMD.( “辛辣食物也会导致胃灼热，从而影响睡眠。躺着会使胃灼热更严重，而胃灼热的不适会妨碍睡眠，”WebMD的健康专家说。)”可知，吃过量辛辣食物会影响睡眠。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合根据第二段第二句“Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention.( 根据哈佛大学和中国疾病预防控制中心2015年的一项大型研究，每周吃六到七天的辛辣食物，即使每天只吃一次，也能降低14%的死亡率。)”和最后一句“If you’re immersing your food in too much hot sauce — or you’re eating entirely too many meals that are ultra-high in spice levels — you could be damaging your body as well.( 如果你把食物浸在太多的辣酱里，或者你吃了太多香料含量超高的食物，你的身体也会受到损害。)”可知，文章介绍了辛辣食物既能给人的身体带来好处，过量食用也会带来坏处，所以“辛辣食物是一把双刃剑”是文章主要内容。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段第二句“Eating spicy food six or seven days a week — even just once a day — lowered death rates by 14 percent, according to a large 2015 study by Harvard and China National Center for Disease Control and Prevention.( 根据哈佛大学和中国疾病预防控制中心2015年的一项大型研究，每周吃六到七天的辛辣食物，即使每天只吃一次，也能降低14%的死亡率。)”和最后一段第一句“Rebecca Tung, MD, a Florida-based dermatologist said, ‘When spicy food creates inflammation (炎症) in the gut — from an upset stomach, acid reflux, or other symptoms — sometimes this inflammation can also be seen on the skin with flushing, acne breakout, or even eczema.’(佛罗里达皮肤科医生丽贝卡·东医学博士说：“当辛辣食物引起肠道炎症时——比如胃痛、反酸或其他症状——有时这种炎症也会出现在皮肤上，如潮红、痤疮甚至湿疹。”)”可知，作者是客观描述了辛辣食物对人的健康的积极和消极影响，所以作者对吃辛辣食物的态度是客观。故选C项。
13．B
14．D
15．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是在没有空调的情况下如何保持凉爽。
13．细节理解题。根据Take a cold shower部分中“Taking a cold shower or bath helps cool your body by lowering your core temperature, Porter said.(波特说，洗冷水澡或冷水淋浴通过降低核心温度的方式来帮助身体降温。)”可知，洗冷水澡或者冷水淋雨可以降低身体的核心温度。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Sugar would boost your metabolism (新陈代谢) and you’d start feeling internally hot,”he said.“So the cool treat might be good, but the extra sugar might not.”(他说:“糖会促进你的新陈代谢，你会开始感到内热。所以凉爽的食物可能很好，但额外的糖可能就不好了。”)”可知，享受冰冻甜食有时是不能让你凉爽的，因此应该避免冰冻甜食。故选D。
15．推理判断题。通读全文，文章就在没有空调的情况下如何保持凉爽提出了四个方法。这四个方法都是健康的降温方法，故推断文章出自于一本健康的书籍。故选A。
16．D
17．C
18．B
19．A
【导语】本文是说明文。30多年前，激光唱片的发明使黑胶唱片不再流行。但很多顾客的回归使黑胶唱片的销量在过去10 年一直在增长。由于很多黑胶唱片生产厂家已经倒闲，要满足顾客的需要，维持黑胶唱片的销售市场还有很多困难。
16．细节理解题。根据文章首句“The invention of the Compact Disc (CD) caused vinyl (黑胶唱片) music records to fall out of popularity over 30 years ago. (CD的发明导致黑胶唱片在30多年前就不再流行了)”可知，激光唱片的发明导致黑胶唱片不再流行。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“John Mazzetti develops musical artists and has worked for Sting, Janet Jackson, and others at A&M Records. He said, “I love the vinyl experience. All of it. To me, there is an electrifying sound that I don’t feel from digital when I play records. (John Mazzetti培养音乐艺术家，并为斯汀、珍妮特·杰克逊和A&M唱片公司的其他人工作过。他说:“我喜欢黑胶唱片的体验。所有的一切。对我来说，当我播放唱片时，有一种电子设备所没有的电气化的声音。”)”可知，Mazzetti喜欢黑胶唱片的原因是它们那种特殊的声音带来了不同的音乐欣赏体验。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Because record production is not meeting demands, nobody knows how much longer the market will increase at this rate. (因为唱片产量无法满足需求，没有人知道市场还会以这样的速度增长多久)”推知，黑胶唱片的销量正在回升。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“For his own part, Michaels said, ‘I believe in music, and I believe in the importance of music in people’s lives. I don’t think that will change.’ (就他自己而言，迈克尔斯说:“我相信音乐，我相信音乐在人们生活中的重要性。我认为这一点不会改变。”)”可推断，Michaels对黑胶唱片的未来持乐观态度。故选A。
20．D
21．B
22．A
23．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mona在新冠肺炎疫情期间丢了工作，为了打发无聊的时间，她开始以烘焙为爱好，这一爱好最终变成了一个能帮她赚钱的生意。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Mona Route, 27, was let go from her server job at an airport in Melbourne, Australia, when COVID-19 hit in March 2020, and the new-found time on her hands left her feeling “so bored”.”（27岁的Mona Route在澳大利亚墨尔本机场从事侍者工作，当2020年3月新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情袭来时，她被解雇了，她手上新获得的时间让她感到“很无聊”）可知，因为疫情原因，Mona Route被解雇了，由此可知，她有太多的空闲时间，这让她感到很无聊。故选D项。
21．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“During the height of lockdown, Mona was selling as many as 700 cookies a month. Mona currently makes an impressive 1,700 every month from selling cookies in addition to her main occupation, and has turned over 14,000 since she started up.”（在封锁最严重的时期，Mona每月卖出700多块饼干。目前，Mona除了主要职业外，还靠卖饼干每月赚1700英镑，自创业以来，她已赚了超过14000英镑）可知，在封锁最严重的时期，Mona每月卖出700多块饼干，靠卖饼干每月赚1700英镑，由此可知，Mona的生意开始腾飞了，赚了很多钱。故选B项。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“The cookies quickly became a hit with her family and friends, and when her dad suggested she start selling the sweet treats, the woman set up Mona’s Treats with 15 unique cookie flavors to choose from.”（这种饼干很快就受到了家人和朋友的欢迎，当她的父亲建议她开始卖甜食时，这位女士创建了Mona’s Treats，提供15种独特的饼干口味供顾客选择）可知，Mona制作了15种独特的饼干口味供顾客选择，由此可知，她是个有创造力的人；根据第四段关键句“At first, Mona was selling around 30 to 40 cookies a month, but she now has a monthly average of 450 orders—leaving her waking up at 2 am to keep up with demand.”（起初，Mona一个月大约卖30到40块饼干，但现在她每月平均有450份订单，每天凌晨2点就要起床以跟上需求）可知，为了完成顾客的订单，Mona每天凌晨2点就要起床工作，由此可知，她是个勤奋的人，综上，她是一个勤奋的且有创造力的人。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“A waitress who lost her job during the coronavirus pandemic has kick-started her own career as a business woman and baker.”（一名在新冠病毒大流行期间失去工作的女服务员开始了自己的职业生涯，成为一名女商人和面包师）可知，文章讲述了Mona在新冠肺炎疫情期间丢了工作，为了打发无聊的时间，她开始以烘焙为爱好，这一爱好最终变成了一个能帮她赚钱的生意，通过这个故事告诉我们，不幸也会带来机遇，由此可知，我们可以从Mona的经历中学到“不幸可能是真正的福气”。故选D项。
24．D
25．A
26．B
27．C
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了亚拉巴马州莫比尔市的Dakota Perry发明了一种装置，它可以有效地收集河流中的垃圾。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段的“But this 15-year-old challenged herself to make that concept completely green. Hers would run entirely on hydropower and solar energy.(但这个15岁的女孩挑战自己，让这个概念变得完全绿色。她的垃圾收集系统将完全依靠水力发电和太阳能。)”可知，Dakota让这个概念完全环保。她的系统将完全依靠水电和太阳能。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段的“For now, Dakota has focused on fine-tuning(微调) the bubble curtain. That was the most important part to figure out.(目前，达科塔专注于微调气泡窗帘。这是需要弄清楚的最重要的部分。)”可知，Dakota 发明的这套系统运作的重点是微调气泡帷幕，这是最重要的部分。故选A。
26．词句猜测题。根据第六段的“Now it was time to test the curtain’s ability to collect rubbish, such as plastic soft drink bottles. Dakota placed bottles that were empty, full of water or weighted with rocks into the water. All of them stopped at the curtain and then slowly came up along the curtain until they reached the edge.(现在是时候测试窗帘收集垃圾的能力了，比如塑料饮料瓶。达科塔把空瓶子、装满水或装满石头的瓶子放入水中。所有的瓶子都在帘子前停了下来，然后沿着帘子慢慢地往上走，直到他们走到边缘。)”可知，画线词they指上文提到的bottles。故选B。
27．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Like the Dutch system, her own rubbish collecting system would send a curtain of bubbles(气泡帷幕) up from the river bottom to collect rubbish and move it to the side of the stream.(和荷兰的垃圾收集系统一样，她自己的垃圾收集系统会从河底喷出一帘气泡，收集垃圾并将其移到河边。)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了亚拉巴马州莫比尔市的Dakota发明的一种垃圾收集装置。故选C。
28．B
29．C
30．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了乌镇的概况及游览的建议。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Local people’s way of life centers around rich water resources.”（当地人的生活方式以丰富的水资源为中心。）可知，乌镇的生活方式以水资源为基础。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Admission fee: 150 yuan$21 for the West Scenic Zone and $15.5 for the East Scenic Zone..$26.7 for both zones”（门票:150元，西部景区21美元，东部景区15.5美元，两个景区26.7美元）可知，答案为$21+$15.5-$26.7=$9.8。可知，如果游客同时访问两个区域，他就可以省下9.8美元。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Climate:Typical subtropical monsoon climate with great sunshine and rich rainfall.”（气候：典型的亚热带季风气候，日照充足，雨量充沛。）可知，乌镇雨水丰富，游览时可携带雨伞。故选A。
31．B
32．B
33．C
34．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的保护项目旨在通过在英国建立一个野花高速公路网络来解决昆虫栖息地被分隔开的问题。介绍了这一项目具体的操作过程以及实施情况。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The B-Lines network aims to join the dots between meadow habitats, enabling pollinators and other wildlife to move freely between them.(B-Lines网络旨在将草地栖息地之间的点连接起来，使传粉者和其他野生动物能够在它们之间自由移动)”可知，B-Lines可以帮助昆虫授粉。故选B。
32．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Buglife has spent the last decade mapping potential routes for the insect superhighway. Hetherington said the proposed highway could give the UK’s weak insects a boost and a route out of habitats that become too hot due to the climate crisis and it can make a huge difference in easing declines.(过去十年里，Buglife一直在绘制昆虫高速公路的潜在路线。赫瑟林顿说，这条拟议中的高速公路可以给英国脆弱的昆虫带来提振作用，也可以为它们提供一条离开因气候危机而变得过于炎热的栖息地的路线，它可以在缓解昆虫数量下降方面发挥巨大作用)”以及画线词上文“The things that have really hammered pollinators are habitat loss, loss of connectivity of habitat, climate change and pesticides(真正打击传粉者的是栖息地的丧失、栖息地连通性的丧失、气候变化和杀虫剂)”可知，Buglife一直在绘制昆虫高速公路的潜在路线，且这条昆虫高速公路涉及除了杀虫剂以外的一切信息，故this指的是“高速公路”。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“All they need to do is let their lawns grow, or even just create a small herb garden, which Hetherington likened to creating a “motorway service station for bees”.(他们所需要做的就是让草坪生长，甚至只是创建一个小的草本花园，赫瑟林顿将其比作创建一个“蜜蜂的高速公路服务站”)”可知，诺维奇的人们可以在自己的花园里种植药草，来参与到这个项目中来。故选C。
34．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A new conservation project aims to address that by creating a network of wildflower superhighways across the UK. The B-Lines network aims to join the dots between meadow habitats, enabling pollinators and other wildlife to move freely between them.(一项新的保护项目旨在通过在英国建立一个野花高速公路网络来解决这个问题。B-Lines网络旨在将草地栖息地之间的点连接起来，使传粉者和其他野生动物能够在它们之间自由移动)”文章还介绍了这一项目具体的操作过程以及实施情况。可知，环保主义者正在为昆虫建造“高速公路”。故选D。
35．C
36．A
37．D
38．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以一项研究成果为依据向我们揭露了啄木鸟其实并不是我们过去认为的那样，头部有减震装置或减少力量的能力，并且得出了是因为它们微小的体型和体重使得它们可以承受撞击。
35．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We used to think that a woodpecker’s skull worked as a kind of safety helmet which absorbed the shocks. A new study by Sam Van Wassenbergh, a researcher at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, proved that this “common sense” was in fact false. (我们过去一直认为啄木鸟的头骨可以作为一种安全头盔，可以缓冲冲击力。比利时Antwerp大学的研究人员Sam Van Wassenbergh的一项新研究证明，这种“普遍认识”实际上是错误的。)”可知我们过去对于啄木鸟的普遍认识是它的头骨可以作为一种安全头盔，可以缓冲冲击力，即它们的头可以减少冲击的力量；故选C项。
36．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段““If the beak absorbed much of its own impact, the unfortunate bird would have to pound even harder,” they said in their paper. In other words, if the theory were true, the woodpecker would have to peck even harder to compensate for both the shock-absorbing qualities of the sponge-like bone inside its skull as well as the density of the wood. (他们在论文中说：“如果鸟嘴吸收了自己的大部分冲击力，这只不幸的鸟将不得不更用力地撞击。”换句话说，如果这个理论是正确的，啄木鸟将不得不更加用力地啄，以弥补其头骨内海绵状骨头的减震特性和木头的密度。)”可知，如果啄木鸟自己吸收大部分冲击力的话，将不得不更用力地啄，因为力的作用是相互的，而其头骨内海绵状骨头的减震特性减少了这种力量，使得它无法以足够的力量击中树；木头的密度越大，啄的时候所需要的冲击力就越大，就越能击中树，所以如果啄木鸟自己吸收大部分冲击力的话，必须以更大的力量来弥补其头骨的减震特性所导致的冲击力减弱，犹如弥补增加木材密度那样，使得相互作用的冲击力增大；故推知划线短语“compensate for”的意思是“弥补”；故选A项。
37．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The research suggested that woodpeckers don’t have any shock-absorbing device or the ability to reduce the amount of force. Although they are without “helmets”, the team claimed that the woodpeckers’ tiny size and weight protect them. (研究表明，啄木鸟没有任何减震装置或减少力量的能力。尽管它们没有“头盔”，但研究小组声称，啄木鸟微小的体型和体重保护了它们。)”可知研究表明，啄木鸟没有任何减震装置或减少力量的能力，也没有所谓的安全“头盔”，即它们没有特殊的安全装置；故选D项。
38．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章以一项研究成果为依据向我们揭露了啄木鸟其实并不是我们过去认为的那样，头部有减震装置或减少力量的能力，并且得出了是因为它们微小的体型和体重使得他们可以承受撞击，这是基于科学研究的基础上得出的结论，故推知这篇文章出自于一篇科学杂志；故选B项。