专题 02 介词和代词
02-1 介词
技巧 1 分析具体语境，注意介词含义
1. (2021·浙江卷 1 月)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased
____________ 2.1 in women and men.
【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985 年至 2017 年间，农村女性和男性的平均 BMI
增加了 2.1。increase by 意为“增加了”；increase to 意为“增加到”。根据正常的成人 BMI 数
值(18.5－23.9)可知，increase by 符合语境，故填 by。
【答案】by
常常设置语境考查介词，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案。
1. If you could exchange lives ____________ someone for a short time, would you like to do that
2. (2017 全国Ⅲ卷 )After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to
university to get a degree ____ engineering or architecture.
技巧 2 积累介词用法，注意一词多义
1 . Some species live ____________ cold, humid caves in the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Balkan
Peninsula, forming a narrow band across Europe.
【解析】分析句子可知，空前是谓语动词 live，空后是形容词所修辞的名词 caves，所以该空需
要介词 in 和后面的 caves 作 live 的地点状语。
【答案】in
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其搭配灵活，意义丰富，为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。一个介词有多
种不同的用法，一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时，要注意整理，积累，学会每个介词的
主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，根据语境灵活选用介词。
1. （2020 新课标 I 卷）because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so __________ the familiar near
side.
2.（2020 新课标 II 卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more ___________ decoration; they are a symbol of good
fortune and wealth.
技巧 3 体会英语本义，注意固定搭配
1．Under-achieving children have set up emotional barriers to education and, ______ demands by adults, these
barriers become even harder to overcome.
A．in response to B．in relation to C．in contrast to D．in addition to
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：成绩不佳的孩子为教育设置了情感障碍，而作为对成年人要求的回应，
这些障碍变得更加难以克服。A. in response to 回应、响应；B. in relation to 涉及；C. in contrast to 与……形
成对照；D. in addition to 除……之外（还有）。根据空后的“demands by adults”可知此处表示“回应成年人的
要求”，故选 A。
【答案】A
复习时，要系统复习统一介词与不同动词，名词，形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是
固定的，选择时要从英语本义上考虑，不能看其汉语表面意思。
1 . _____________ should we allow Taiwan to break away from mainland China.
A．At one time B．At no time C．In no time D．From time to time
2. Shenhou town is the home _____ Jun porcelains (钧瓷).
02-2 代词
技巧 1 句意清，指代明——根据所指对象或根据所作成分填写代词
1. Shi Yan, chief of the Liaoning University of TCM, says he supports international students to
participate in such activities, which will help ____________ combine knowledge together with
culture.
【解析】 解析：考查代词。此处指代句中的 international students，所以应用 them。
【答案】them
通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式
如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格；如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；如果作定语，则用形容词
性物主代词；如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又和句子的主语为同一人或物，则用反身代词。
1．As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always
stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _______ (I).
2 ． As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations ( 模 拟 ) and imagine
_____________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
技巧 2 it 的用法
1. I'd appreciate ____________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
【解析】 句意：如果你能提前告知我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。I'd appreciate it if...为固定句型，
意为“如果……，我将不胜感激。” it 在该句型中作形式宾语，指代后文 if 从句的内容。
【答案】it
通过句式结构判断是否填 it
1．指代天气、时间、距离等
2．代替上文提到过的事物
3．分析句子结构，发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时，应考虑用 it。
4．it 的常用固定句型：
·It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
·It＋be＋形容词＋of/for sb.to do sth.
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
·hate/like/enjoy it that... 讨厌/喜欢……
·when it comes to... 当谈到……
·as sb. puts it 正如某人所言
·make it 成功
1．(2021·长郡中学第五次适应性考试) But ____________ was not only her sex that kept her long
marginalized and long unsung.
2．(2021·沈阳质量监测三)The history of Beijing glassware dates back to the early Ming Dynasty.
____________ is said that when people smelted (熔炼 ) bronze, they discovered that some waste
materials could form beautiful colors.
基础夯实
02-1 介词
考点一 介词的基本用法
介词的分类及用法
分类 定义 例子
at、on、in、after、before、
简单介词 由一个词构成的介词
with、 for、 to 等
inside、into、onto、nearby、within、
合成介词 由两个词合在一起构成的介词
without 等
由两个简单介词组合在一起构 from behind、until after、from
双重介词
成的介词 among 等
有一部分动词-ing 形式具备介
including、 considering、
分词介词 词的特质，在很多情况下，被
regarding、 concerning 等
视为介词
由一个或几个简单介词和一个 at the back of、 instead of、
短语介词 或几个其他词类构成，在意义 because of、 in place of、thanks
和作用上相当于一个简单介词 to、 as a result of、in front of 等
考点二 介词的句法功能
1．介词不能单独使用，但“介词＋宾语”构成的介词短语可在句中作状语、定语、表语、
宾语补足语、主语补足语等；
2．介词后的宾语可以是名词、代词、动词-ing、疑问词＋不定式、wh-从句等。
一、常考介词的用法
1．表示时间的介词
介词 用法
at 表示时间点、时刻等。如 at 6 o'clock、 at daybreak 等
表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上
on (常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。如 on Monday afternoon、on a rainy day
morning 等
表示在某段较长的时间内。如 in the 20th century、in winter、in
in
September、in the morning 等
表示“在……之后”。“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用；“after＋时间段”
in/after＋时间段
常与过去时连用
since 后接时间点，表示“自从……以来”
for 后接时间段，表示“长达……”
until/till 直到……
by 到……为止、不迟于……
during 在……期间
before 在……之前
over 在……期间、直到……结束
through 一直，自始至终
◆(2018·天津卷)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some
analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.
到 2050 年，全球人口数量预计将增长到 96 亿。一些分析学家预测食品生产量需要增长 50%才
可以保持现状。
◆In Britain, it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast. 在英国，早餐时间开
商务会议并不稀奇。
[名师点津] (1)当时间名词前有 this、that、last、next、every、each 等词修饰时，通常不用
任何介词；
(2)“on/upon＋名词或动词-ing”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
2．表示方位的介词
介词 用法
at 后常接相对较小的地方
in 后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内
on 意为“在……上”(反义词：beneath)
across 意为“从……的表面穿过，在……对面”
through 意为“从……的内部穿过”
over 意为“从……的上面跨过”(反义词：under)
指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数
above
量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”(反义词：below)
◆(上海卷)The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。
◆(陕西卷改编)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was
asleep.
狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪，小女孩在那里睡着了。
3．表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料、方式等时，with、by、in、on 都意为“用”。with 多指用
具体的工具、手段、身体的某部位或器官；by 侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工
具；in 指使用某种语言、材料、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。
with a pencil 用铅笔
by train/taxi/plane/ship/bike 乘火车/出租车/飞机/
船/骑自行车
in English 用英语
on the radio/TV 通过收音机/电视
on foot 步行
◆Her parents always talk to her in German.
她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。
◆We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.
我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
4．表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
介词(短语) 用法
besides 意为“除……之外(还有)”，相当于 in addition to
except 意为“除……之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句
but 意为“除……之外”(＝except)
apart from 既可相当于 besides 或 in addition to，也可相当于 except for
other than 意为“除……之外(别无)”
◆During her time in the cave, Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice.
斯特凡尼娅在山洞里的时候，除了两只白鼠，她完全是独自一人。
◆(福建卷)Apart from good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian
dishes. 除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。
[名师点津] (1)but 常用于 nobody、none、no one、nothing、anything、everyone、all 之后。
接不定式时，如果前有实义动词 do，则省略不定式中的 to；
(2)besides 还可作副词，意为“另外、而且”，在句中常作插入语。
5．表示原因的介词(短语)
表示原因的介词(短语)有：for、because of、due to、thanks to、owing to、on account of、as
a result of 等。
◆(浙江卷)The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
◆Owing to the storm, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于暴风雨，航班延误了
好几个小时。
[名师点津] 上述短语除了 due to 不仅可以作状语还可以作表语外，其他短语只能作状语。
thanks to 意为“多亏、幸亏”，多位于句首。
6．其他常考的介词
(1)between、among 表示“在……之间”
between 表示“在……之间(两者之间)”，常和 and 连用；among 表示“在……之间(三者或
三者以上)”。
◆Keep the close relationship between teachers and students. 保持亲密的师生关系。
◆They strolled among the crowds. 他们在人群中信步而行。
(2)with 的用法
(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……，凭借……；(表示原
因)由于，因为。
◆Would you like to go to the theatre with us
你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？
◆The small child trembled with fear.
那个小孩吓得发抖。
◆With all the night school courses available, there is no excuse for not getting some sort of
training.
夜校课程一应俱全，没理由不去接受一些培训。
(3)for 的用法
表示“为了；给，对(表示对象、用途等)；因为，由于；向，往(表示去向)；就……而
言”。
◆The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量。
(4)without 的用法
表示“没有，缺乏；不和……在一起；不用，不拿，不带”。
◆It is a pity that David is away on business.Anyhow，you've got a great deal of time to tour in
New York without him.
很遗憾，大卫出差了。不管怎样，他不在，你有大量的时间可以在纽约游览。
(5)against 的用法
(表示方位)倚靠着……；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以……为背景；逆着。
◆An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are
against it.
看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。
◆We sailed against the wind.
我们逆风航行。
◆The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.
在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。
◆Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.
吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。
(6)beyond 的用法
(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及。
◆Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
听了她感人的故事后，大家都被感动得无以言表。
◆Elizabeth has already achieved success beyond her wildest dreams.
伊丽莎白已经取得了她做梦也想不到的成功。
◆(福建卷)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。
固定搭配：beyond reach 够不到； beyond recognition 难以辨认； beyond repair 难以修复；
beyond description 难以描述； beyond control 失控、无法控制
(7)off 的用法
(表示位置)在……的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从……离开。
◆ (重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.
她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。
(8)despite 的用法
表示“尽管”。
◆Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision.
虽年事已高，袁隆平仍然保持年轻的心态，满怀憧憬。
二、常考介词固定搭配
高考中的语法填空将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查。介词与动词、介词与形容词、介
词与名词形式的搭配是高考考查的重点与难点。
(一)介词与动词构成的搭配
thank sb. for sth. 为某事感谢某人
separate...from... 把……与……分开
play with 同……一起玩；玩弄
contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成
provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
hold up 举起
rely on 依靠
refer to 提及；参考；查阅
pass by 经过
care about 关心；介意
feel like 想要
call for 需要
pay for 为……付款
apply for 申请
begin with 以……开始
(二)介词与形容词构成的搭配
1．be＋adj.＋about
be anxious about 忧虑……
be curious about 对……好奇
be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔
be worried/concerned about 担心……
2．be＋adj.＋at
be angry at 因……生气
be good at 擅长
be astonished at 对……吃惊
be present at 出席
3．be＋adj.＋in
be absorbed in 专注于……
be active in 积极于……
be dressed in 穿着……
be engaged in 忙于……
be rich in 富含……
be occupied in 忙于……
4．be＋adj.＋for
be eager for 渴望……
be famous for 以……著名
be fit for 适合，胜任……
be ready for 准备好……
be sorry for 对……感到抱歉
be prepared for 为……做好准备
5．be＋adj.＋from
be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
be far from 远离
be free from 不受……影响
6．be＋adj.＋to
be close to 接近……
be devoted to 致力于……
be equal to 等于；胜任
be familiar to 对……来说熟悉
be friendly to 对……友好
be harmful to 对……有危害
be kind to 对……友善
be similar to 与……相似
be grateful to 对……心存感激
7．be＋adj.＋of
be aware of 意识到……
be fond of 喜欢……
be proud of 因……而自豪
be short of 缺乏……
8．be＋adj.＋with
be busy with 忙于……
be familiar with 对……熟悉
be combined with 与……结合
be patient with 对……有耐心
be popular with 受……的欢迎
be pleased with 对……感到满意
by angry with (sb.) 对(某人)发怒
(三)介词与名词构成的搭配
1．“at＋n.”表示状态
at a loss 不知所措
at peace 处于和平中
at war 在战争中
at work 在工作
2．其他以 at 开头的介词短语
at the beginning of 在……的开始
at the cost of 以……为代价
at the risk of 冒……的危险
at the mercy of 在……的支配下
3．“on＋n.”表示状态
on exhibition/show 在展出
on fire 着火
on sale 出售；打折
on the way 在途中
on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加
on holiday/vacation 在度假
4．其他以 on 开头的介词短语
on account of 因为
on behalf of 代表
on no account/condition 决不
5．“by＋n.”表示方式
by accident 偶然
by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然
by coincidence 碰巧
by hand 用手
by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算
by nature 天生地
6．“in＋n.”表示方式
in cash 用现金付款
in depth 在深度上
in detail 详细地
in height 在高度上
in length 在长度上
in Chinese 用汉语
7．其他以 in 开头的介词短语
in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有，占有
in addition to 另外
in charge of 掌管……
in return for 作为对……的回报
in spite of 尽管
in exchange for 作为交换
in favo(u)r of 支持，赞成
in case of 万一；如果，假如
in hono(u)r of 为向……表示敬意
in memory of 为了纪念……
in support of 为支持……
8．“of＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of benefit(＝beneficial) 有益处的
of help(＝helpful) 有帮助的
of importance(＝important) 重要的
of significance(＝significant) 有重大意义的
of use(＝useful) 有用的
of value(＝valuable) 有价值的
9．“out of＋n.”表示状态
out of balance 失去平衡
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 不受控制
out of date 过时
out of order 出故障
out of sight 看不到
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫无疑问
out of work 失业
10．“under＋n.”表示被动
under attack 遭到袭击
under pressure 在压力下
under treatment 在治疗中
under control 处于控制之下
11．“with＋n.”表示行为方式
with delight/joy 高兴地
with difficulty 困难地
with ease 轻而易举地
with fear 害怕地
with pleasure 乐意地
12．“beyond＋n.”表示“超出……，难以……”
beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond reach 够不到
beyond description 难以描述
beyond expression/words 难以表达
(四)介词与其他词构成的搭配
next to 紧挨着
in between 在中间，在两者之间
instead of 代替
apart from 除……之外
regardless of 不管，不顾
according to 根据
along with 随着
together with 连同
but for 要不是
up to 直到；由……而定
(五)易用错的介词
with the help of 在……的帮助下
under the leadership of 在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章
a hole in the wall 墙上的一个洞
a bird in the tree 树上的一只鸟
apples on the tree 树上的苹果
tickets for the concert 音乐会的票
in the direction of 朝着……的方向
set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样
02-2 代词
考点 01 人称代词
人称代词形式
数、格 单数 复数
人称
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you your
he him
第三人称 she her they them
it it
1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常
用宾格。
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一
致。
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
④在比较级的句子中 than、as 后用主格、宾格都可以。
2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，＂I＂总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。
考点 02 物主代词
物主代词形式
意义 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们 你们 他们
类别 的 的 的
形容 my your his her its our your their
词性
名词 mine yours his hers ours yours theirs
性
1. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”可单独充当句子的主语，表语和宾语。
考点 03 反身代词
反身代词形式
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
数
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。
3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
考点 04 相互代词(each other，one another)
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为 each other’s，one another’s，作定语。
一般来说，each other 指两者之间，one another 指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
考点 05 指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
1.指示代词 this(these)和 that(those)的区别。
①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
②this 常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that 则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
③为了避免重复，常用 that 或 those 代替前面已提过的名词。
④this 在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that 用于询问对方；this 和 that 可以当副词用，意思相当于副词
so。
模拟演练
02-1 介词
Ⅰ、单项选择
1．Under-achieving children have set up emotional barriers to education and, ______ demands by adults, these
barriers become even harder to overcome.
A．in response to B．in relation to C．in contrast to D．in addition to
2．—How do you study English
—I study English talking with foreign students.
A．by B．on C．at D．up
3． _____ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go on with the experiment.
A．Since B．For C．As D．With
4．It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas still leads a simple life _______ his great wealth.
A．though B．despite C．thanks to D．even if
5．Many people are _______ the new policy.
A．in favor of B．in honor of C．in search of D．in case of
6．One should apologize ______ his taking the wrong glass at the party .
A．to B．on C．for D．of
7．______ the heavy rain, they continued to walk.
A．Thanks to B．Despite C．Though D．Due to
8．_____________ should we allow Taiwan to break away from mainland China.
A．At one time B．At no time C．In no time D．From time to time
9．I would rather be alone than have a false friend ________.
A．to keep company B．on company
C．with company D．for company
10．Mrs. Smith rewarded the boy________$10________ bringing back the lost dog.
A．at; of B．with; for C．for; with D．for; for
Ⅱ、语法填空
11.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ______ earth, Mother Nature.
12.Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ______ trips
are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
13.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ______ 2.1 in women and men.
14.The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山),
more so ______ the familiar near side.
15.Bamboo plants are associated ______ health, abundance and a happy home.
16.Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived______ ,
through agriculture.
17.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire ______ her
36-year-old business.
18.The Chinese calculator’s name is “suanpan”, but it is known ______ “abacus” in English. Invented by Liu
Hong, abacus is one of the symbols of Chinese people’s wisdom dating back to the 12th century.
19.______ Xiongan aiming to become a "smart, green and residents-friendly" city that faces the future, the
Xiongan Railway Station, the landmark of the area, resembles a model for such a future.
20.While it is deeply rooted in Chinese culture, Shanghai has also moved ______the times and become a
modern metropolis From doing sports and running on Bund to traditional Chinese art or modern Western art
museums, every activity is feasible in Shanghai.
21.As the 37． (three) solar term in the lunar year, its name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are
awakened 39． spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.
22.The study's Danish researchers are convinced that choosing this kind of physical activity can reward
us______ 5 to 6 more years of life!
23.Xiong, a visually disabled young woman who started learning the piano at the age of 6, said her idol was
Beethoven, who went completely deaf later and their physical challenges led both of them to establish a connection
with the outside world ______music.
Ⅲ、短文改错
24. I lent to her some money in order that she could go for a holiday.
_________________________________________________________________________
25. The biggest problem was in that almost all communication systems were destroyed.
_________________________________________________________________________
26. It was very kind for them to invite me to visit their country.
_________________________________________________________________________
27. The boy wanted to join in the army but was turned down because he was under age.
_________________________________________________________________________
28. I just couldn’t laugh to his jokes the way I used to.
_________________________________________________________________________
02-2 代词
Ⅰ、单项选择
1. “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making
power, ______ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.
A. the one that B. one that
C. one D. the one
2．The mistakes made by Chinese students are quite different from _______ made by Japanese students in
English study.
A.it B.that C.ones D.those
3．—_________that students are interested in should be encouraged.
—_________. Sometimes we should make it clear what is not allowed.
A.Anything; I can’t agree more B.Nothing; That’s for sure
C.Not all; I can’t agree D.Not everything; Exactly
4．Before _______ stood a terrible man; the little girl could do nothing _______.
A.she;but cry B.her;but cry
C.she;but to cry D.her;but crying
5．The yield of the new rice is much greater than of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.
A.one B. that C. it D. what
Ⅱ、语法填空
For those 1 have seen War for the Planet of the Apes, it’s easy to come to this conclusion---the movie
isn’t about war or the planet, and it’s not 2 (necessary) even about the apes. The movie is
about 3 (survive) and the choices we all make when one wants to survive, good or bad.
With a story that should have been full of conflict and violence, it takes a different approach.
You may find 4 (you) exposed to small pockets of action. While recent sci-fi movies have
become 5 (know) for their action and scenes, War for the Planet of the Apes has taken science
fiction 6 a thoughtful and intelligent direction.
War for the Planet of the Apes may not be the action and monster film that you had in
mind, 7 it’s the kind of film that will make you want to sit in silence in the theater for a few
minutes after it ends, taking in 8 you’ve just witnessed.
The few movies that have that effect 9 (be) usually about humans, but this film enables
people 10 (feel) that way about apes. And that is what makes it a masterpiece.
Ⅲ、短文改错
1.I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we succeed eventually.
2.We should be grateful to them in return for which they have done for us.
3.The father and his son all shook my hand and thanked me again and again.
4.People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with their attention focused on the mobile phones, quite
unaware of that is going on around them.
5.I miss you very much and thus I’m writing to tell you anything about my new life at college.
6.From that I understand， people are destroying thousands of square kilometers of trees every day.
7.My uncle gave my cousins and me some wine and said,“Now enjoy yourself, but don’t get drunk! ”
8.Buses should have its own special lanes to facilitate public transport.
9.John is a taxi driver in London. Last week her mother gave him two tickets for a play.
10.Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb it’s full benefit.
11.We Chinese people call us descendants of the dragon, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough to
succeed.
12.A man was selling fresh fish and a lot of buyers were crowding around him choosing what he wanted.
13.He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.
14.Last month,I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didn’t have money to buy
her new clothes.
真题演练
专题 11 代词、介词和介词短语
【2022 年】
1.（2022 新高考 I 卷）Giant pandas also serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a
host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
【2021 年】
1.（2021·天津卷）Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are truly struggling. 30 simply
satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their
own bikes.
A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among
2.（2021·全国甲卷）…… Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of
the same age and can understand each other. Some will tum out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little
choose to deal with the problems on our own……
3. (2021·新高考 I 卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always
stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must
to visit!
4. (2021·浙江卷)Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary
Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who
performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
………
5.（2021 年全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted
as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it
desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___
trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
1.（2020·新课标 I 卷）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of
deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.
2.（2020·新课标 I 卷）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it
contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
3.（2020·新课标 I 卷）After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited patiently unless
the oil was hot.
4.（2020·新课标 I 卷）＂Not that way，＂my mom tried to stop us but failed.
5.（2020·新课标 II 卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune
and wealth.
6.（2020·新课标 II 卷）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on
every day.
7.（2020·新课标 II 卷）Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
8.（2020·新课标 III 卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70． earth, Mother Nature.
9. （2020·江苏卷）Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests.
A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of
10. （2020·江苏卷）This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for
______.
A. whichever B. whenever C. wherever D. whatever
11．（2020·天津卷）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.
A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of
C．at the mercy of D．on the side of
12.（2020·山东卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and
imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in history or 43（walking）(walk)through a rainforest.
13.（2020·山东卷）Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
14.（2020·浙江卷）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they
lived 56． ，through agriculture.56．
【2019 年】
1.【2019·天津卷·】A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than
_________who are not.
A. ones B. those
C. these D. them
2.【2019·江苏卷·】Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
3.【2019·新课标 I 卷】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only
since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
4.【2019·新课标 I 卷】Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚
集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually
are.
5.【2019·新课标 III 卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact.
6.【2019·浙江卷】But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___61___ this question is
not clear.
【2018 年】
1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
2.【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went
___________.
A. at first B. after all
C. above all D. at random
3.【2018·江苏】China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China
globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to
C. in return for D. in honour of
4.【2018·新课标 III 卷】I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【2017 年】
1.【2017·天津卷】1When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that
are over 1,000 years old.
A. among B. against C. behind D. below
2.【2017·江苏卷】Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our
survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to
3.【2017·北京卷】Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
【2016 年】
1.【 2016·天津】 The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was
published.
A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach
2.【2016·浙江】In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
3.【2016·浙江】That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's
reliable.
A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing
4.【2016·浙江】The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______influence the basic processes by
which we see world around us.
A. on B. in C. at D. about
5.【2016·浙江】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming
years
A. little more B. no more C.much more D.many more
学习评价：
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________专题 02 介词和代词
02-1 介词
技巧 1 分析具体语境，注意介词含义
1. (2021·浙江卷 1 月)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased
____________ 2.1 in women and men.
【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985 年至 2017 年间，农村女性和男性的平均 BMI
增加了 2.1。increase by 意为“增加了”；increase to 意为“增加到”。根据正常的成人 BMI 数
值(18.5－23.9)可知，increase by 符合语境，故填 by。
【答案】by
常常设置语境考查介词，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案。
1. If you could exchange lives ____________ someone for a short time, would you like to do that
【解析】句意：如果你可以短时间的与别人交换生活方式，你愿意那样做吗？分析句子结构可知，本句中
不缺少成分，考虑需要填入介词，前面有 exchange，可构成固定搭配 exchange...with...，意为“与……交
换……”。故填 with。
【答案】with
2. (2017 全国Ⅲ卷 )After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to
university to get a degree ____ engineering or architecture.
【解析】表示“某方面的学位”用介词 in。又如：take/get a degree in law 获得法律学位。
【答案】in
技巧 2 积累介词用法，注意一词多义
1 . Some species live ____________ cold, humid caves in the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Balkan
Peninsula, forming a narrow band across Europe.
【解析】分析句子可知，空前是谓语动词 live，空后是形容词所修辞的名词 caves，所以该空需
要介词 in 和后面的 caves 作 live 的地点状语。
【答案】in
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其搭配灵活，意义丰富，为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。一个介词有多
种不同的用法，一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时，要注意整理，积累，学会每个介词的
主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，根据语境灵活选用介词。
1. （2020 新课标 I 卷）because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so __________ the familiar near
side.
【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级 mores o可知，此处
填介词 than，表示“比……更”。故填 than。
【答案】than
2.（2020 新课标 II 卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more ___________ decoration; they are a symbol of good
fortune and wealth.
【解析】考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than 不仅仅，不只是。故填 than。
【答案】than
技巧 3 体会英语本义，注意固定搭配
1．Under-achieving children have set up emotional barriers to education and, ______ demands by adults, these
barriers become even harder to overcome.
A．in response to B．in relation to C．in contrast to D．in addition to
【解析】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：成绩不佳的孩子为教育设置了情感障碍，而作为对成年人要求的回应，这些障
碍变得更加难以克服。A. in response to 回应、响应；B. in relation to 涉及；C. in contrast to 与……形成对照；
D. in addition to 除……之外（还有）。根据空后的“demands by adults”可知此处表示“回应成年人的要求”，故
选 A。
【答案】A
复习时，要系统复习统一介词与不同动词，名词，形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是
固定的，选择时要从英语本义上考虑，不能看其汉语表面意思。
1 . _____________ should we allow Taiwan to break away from mainland China.
A．At one time B．At no time C．In no time D．From time to time
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们绝不允许台湾从祖国大陆分裂出去。A. At one time 一度，曾经；
B. At no time 绝不；C. In no time 立刻，马上；D. From time to time 时不时，偶尔。根据句意及常识可知，“台
湾从祖国大陆分裂出去”是绝对不允许的。故选 B。
【答案】B
2. Shenhou town is the home _____ Jun porcelains (钧瓷).
【解析】be home to(是……的所在地)为固定搭配。
【答案】to
02-2 代词
技巧 1 句意清，指代明——根据所指对象或根据所作成分填写代词
1. Shi Yan, chief of the Liaoning University of TCM, says he supports international students to
participate in such activities, which will help ____________ combine knowledge together with
culture.
【解析】 解析：考查代词。此处指代句中的 international students，所以应用 them。
【答案】them
通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式
如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格；如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；如果作定语，则用形容词
性物主代词；如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又和句子的主语为同一人或物，则用反身代词。
1．As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always
stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _______ (I).
【解析】 本句中 does 指代上文的 stick，句中缺少宾语，与前文的 the visitor’s memory 相对应，用
mine，相当于 my memory。
【答案】mine
2 ． As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations ( 模 拟 ) and imagine
_____________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
【解析】反指主语 visitors，故填反身代词 themselves.
imagine sb doing sth 意为“想象某人做某事”。
【答案】themselves
技巧 2 it 的用法
1. I'd appreciate ____________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
【解析】 句意：如果你能提前告知我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。I'd appreciate it if...为固定句型，
意为“如果……，我将不胜感激。” it 在该句型中作形式宾语，指代后文 if 从句的内容。
【答案】it
通过句式结构判断是否填 it
1．指代天气、时间、距离等
2．代替上文提到过的事物
3．分析句子结构，发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时，应考虑用 it。
4．it 的常用固定句型：
·It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
·It＋be＋形容词＋of/for sb.to do sth.
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
·hate/like/enjoy it that... 讨厌/喜欢……
·when it comes to... 当谈到……
·as sb. puts it 正如某人所言
·make it 成功
1．(2021·长郡中学第五次适应性考试) But ____________ was not only her sex that kept her long
marginalized and long unsung.
【解析】考查强调句型。强调句型的结构：it＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。
【答案】it
2．(2021·沈阳质量监测三)The history of Beijing glassware dates back to the early Ming Dynasty.
____________ is said that when people smelted (熔炼 ) bronze, they discovered that some waste
materials could form beautiful colors.
【解析】考查 it 用法。固定句型：“It is said that...”意为“据说……”，其中 it 是形式主语，that 从句
是真正的主语。
【答案】It
基础夯实
02-1 介词
考点一 介词的基本用法
介词的分类及用法
分类 定义 例子
at、on、in、after、before、
简单介词 由一个词构成的介词
with、 for、 to 等
inside、into、onto、nearby、within、
合成介词 由两个词合在一起构成的介词
without 等
由两个简单介词组合在一起构 from behind、until after、from
双重介词
成的介词 among 等
有一部分动词-ing 形式具备介
including、 considering、
分词介词 词的特质，在很多情况下，被
regarding、 concerning 等
视为介词
由一个或几个简单介词和一个 at the back of、 instead of、
短语介词 或几个其他词类构成，在意义 because of、 in place of、thanks
和作用上相当于一个简单介词 to、 as a result of、in front of 等
考点二 介词的句法功能
1．介词不能单独使用，但“介词＋宾语”构成的介词短语可在句中作状语、定语、表语、
宾语补足语、主语补足语等；
2．介词后的宾语可以是名词、代词、动词-ing、疑问词＋不定式、wh-从句等。
一、常考介词的用法
1．表示时间的介词
介词 用法
at 表示时间点、时刻等。如 at 6 o'clock、 at daybreak 等
表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上
on (常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。如 on Monday afternoon、on a rainy day
morning 等
表示在某段较长的时间内。如 in the 20th century、in winter、in
in
September、in the morning 等
表示“在……之后”。“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用；“after＋时间段”
in/after＋时间段
常与过去时连用
since 后接时间点，表示“自从……以来”
for 后接时间段，表示“长达……”
until/till 直到……
by 到……为止、不迟于……
during 在……期间
before 在……之前
over 在……期间、直到……结束
through 一直，自始至终
◆(2018·天津卷)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some
analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.
到 2050 年，全球人口数量预计将增长到 96 亿。一些分析学家预测食品生产量需要增长 50%才
可以保持现状。
◆In Britain, it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast. 在英国，早餐时间开
商务会议并不稀奇。
[名师点津] (1)当时间名词前有 this、that、last、next、every、each 等词修饰时，通常不用
任何介词；
(2)“on/upon＋名词或动词-ing”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
2．表示方位的介词
介词 用法
at 后常接相对较小的地方
in 后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内
on 意为“在……上”(反义词：beneath)
across 意为“从……的表面穿过，在……对面”
through 意为“从……的内部穿过”
over 意为“从……的上面跨过”(反义词：under)
above 指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、
数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”(反义词：below)
◆(上海卷)The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。
◆(陕西卷改编)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was
asleep.
狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪，小女孩在那里睡着了。
3．表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料、方式等时，with、by、in、on 都意为“用”。with 多指用
具体的工具、手段、身体的某部位或器官；by 侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工
具；in 指使用某种语言、材料、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。
with a pencil 用铅笔
by train/taxi/plane/ship/bike 乘火车/出租车/飞机/
船/骑自行车
in English 用英语
on the radio/TV 通过收音机/电视
on foot 步行
◆Her parents always talk to her in German.
她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。
◆We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.
我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
4．表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
介词(短语) 用法
besides 意为“除……之外(还有)”，相当于 in addition to
except 意为“除……之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句
but 意为“除……之外”(＝except)
apart from 既可相当于 besides 或 in addition to，也可相当于 except for
other than 意为“除……之外(别无)”
◆During her time in the cave, Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice.
斯特凡尼娅在山洞里的时候，除了两只白鼠，她完全是独自一人。
◆(福建卷)Apart from good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian
dishes. 除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。
[名师点津] (1)but 常用于 nobody、none、no one、nothing、anything、everyone、all 之后。
接不定式时，如果前有实义动词 do，则省略不定式中的 to；
(2)besides 还可作副词，意为“另外、而且”，在句中常作插入语。
5．表示原因的介词(短语)
表示原因的介词(短语)有：for、because of、due to、thanks to、owing to、on account of、as
a result of 等。
◆(浙江卷)The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
◆Owing to the storm, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于暴风雨，航班延误了
好几个小时。
[名师点津] 上述短语除了 due to 不仅可以作状语还可以作表语外，其他短语只能作状语。
thanks to 意为“多亏、幸亏”，多位于句首。
6．其他常考的介词
(1)between、among 表示“在……之间”
between 表示“在……之间(两者之间)”，常和 and 连用；among 表示“在……之间(三者或
三者以上)”。
◆Keep the close relationship between teachers and students. 保持亲密的师生关系。
◆They strolled among the crowds. 他们在人群中信步而行。
(2)with 的用法
(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……，凭借……；(表示原
因)由于，因为。
◆Would you like to go to the theatre with us
你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？
◆The small child trembled with fear.
那个小孩吓得发抖。
◆With all the night school courses available, there is no excuse for not getting some sort of
training.
夜校课程一应俱全，没理由不去接受一些培训。
(3)for 的用法
表示“为了；给，对(表示对象、用途等)；因为，由于；向，往(表示去向)；就……而
言”。
◆The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量。
(4)without 的用法
表示“没有，缺乏；不和……在一起；不用，不拿，不带”。
◆It is a pity that David is away on business.Anyhow，you've got a great deal of time to tour in
New York without him.
很遗憾，大卫出差了。不管怎样，他不在，你有大量的时间可以在纽约游览。
(5)against 的用法
(表示方位)倚靠着……；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以……为背景；逆着。
◆An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are
against it.
看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。
◆We sailed against the wind.
我们逆风航行。
◆The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.
在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。
◆Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.
吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。
(6)beyond 的用法
(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及。
◆Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
听了她感人的故事后，大家都被感动得无以言表。
◆Elizabeth has already achieved success beyond her wildest dreams.
伊丽莎白已经取得了她做梦也想不到的成功。
◆(福建卷)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。
固定搭配：beyond reach 够不到； beyond recognition 难以辨认； beyond repair 难以修复；
beyond description 难以描述； beyond control 失控、无法控制
(7)off 的用法
(表示位置)在……的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从……离开。
◆ (重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.
她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。
(8)despite 的用法
表示“尽管”。
◆Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision.
虽年事已高，袁隆平仍然保持年轻的心态，满怀憧憬。
二、常考介词固定搭配
高考中的语法填空将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查。介词与动词、介词与形容词、介
词与名词形式的搭配是高考考查的重点与难点。
(一)介词与动词构成的搭配
thank sb. for sth. 为某事感谢某人
separate...from... 把……与……分开
play with 同……一起玩；玩弄
contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成
provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
hold up 举起
rely on 依靠
refer to 提及；参考；查阅
pass by 经过
care about 关心；介意
feel like 想要
call for 需要
pay for 为……付款
apply for 申请
begin with 以……开始
(二)介词与形容词构成的搭配
1．be＋adj.＋about
be anxious about 忧虑……
be curious about 对……好奇
be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔
be worried/concerned about 担心……
2．be＋adj.＋at
be angry at 因……生气
be good at 擅长
be astonished at 对……吃惊
be present at 出席
3．be＋adj.＋in
be absorbed in 专注于……
be active in 积极于……
be dressed in 穿着……
be engaged in 忙于……
be rich in 富含……
be occupied in 忙于……
4．be＋adj.＋for
be eager for 渴望……
be famous for 以……著名
be fit for 适合，胜任……
be ready for 准备好……
be sorry for 对……感到抱歉
be prepared for 为……做好准备
5．be＋adj.＋from
be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
be far from 远离
be free from 不受……影响
6．be＋adj.＋to
be close to 接近……
be devoted to 致力于……
be equal to 等于；胜任
be familiar to 对……来说熟悉
be friendly to 对……友好
be harmful to 对……有危害
be kind to 对……友善
be similar to 与……相似
be grateful to 对……心存感激
7．be＋adj.＋of
be aware of 意识到……
be fond of 喜欢……
be proud of 因……而自豪
be short of 缺乏……
8．be＋adj.＋with
be busy with 忙于……
be familiar with 对……熟悉
be combined with 与……结合
be patient with 对……有耐心
be popular with 受……的欢迎
be pleased with 对……感到满意
by angry with (sb.) 对(某人)发怒
(三)介词与名词构成的搭配
1．“at＋n.”表示状态
at a loss 不知所措
at peace 处于和平中
at war 在战争中
at work 在工作
2．其他以 at 开头的介词短语
at the beginning of 在……的开始
at the cost of 以……为代价
at the risk of 冒……的危险
at the mercy of 在……的支配下
3．“on＋n.”表示状态
on exhibition/show 在展出
on fire 着火
on sale 出售；打折
on the way 在途中
on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加
on holiday/vacation 在度假
4．其他以 on 开头的介词短语
on account of 因为
on behalf of 代表
on no account/condition 决不
5．“by＋n.”表示方式
by accident 偶然
by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然
by coincidence 碰巧
by hand 用手
by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算
by nature 天生地
6．“in＋n.”表示方式
in cash 用现金付款
in depth 在深度上
in detail 详细地
in height 在高度上
in length 在长度上
in Chinese 用汉语
7．其他以 in 开头的介词短语
in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有，占有
in addition to 另外
in charge of 掌管……
in return for 作为对……的回报
in spite of 尽管
in exchange for 作为交换
in favo(u)r of 支持，赞成
in case of 万一；如果，假如
in hono(u)r of 为向……表示敬意
in memory of 为了纪念……
in support of 为支持……
8．“of＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of benefit(＝beneficial) 有益处的
of help(＝helpful) 有帮助的
of importance(＝important) 重要的
of significance(＝significant) 有重大意义的
of use(＝useful) 有用的
of value(＝valuable) 有价值的
9．“out of＋n.”表示状态
out of balance 失去平衡
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 不受控制
out of date 过时
out of order 出故障
out of sight 看不到
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫无疑问
out of work 失业
10．“under＋n.”表示被动
under attack 遭到袭击
under pressure 在压力下
under treatment 在治疗中
under control 处于控制之下
11．“with＋n.”表示行为方式
with delight/joy 高兴地
with difficulty 困难地
with ease 轻而易举地
with fear 害怕地
with pleasure 乐意地
12．“beyond＋n.”表示“超出……，难以……”
beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond reach 够不到
beyond description 难以描述
beyond expression/words 难以表达
(四)介词与其他词构成的搭配
next to 紧挨着
in between 在中间，在两者之间
instead of 代替
apart from 除……之外
regardless of 不管，不顾
according to 根据
along with 随着
together with 连同
but for 要不是
up to 直到；由……而定
(五)易用错的介词
with the help of 在……的帮助下
under the leadership of 在……的领导下
the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章
a hole in the wall 墙上的一个洞
a bird in the tree 树上的一只鸟
apples on the tree 树上的苹果
tickets for the concert 音乐会的票
in the direction of 朝着……的方向
set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样
02-2 代词
考点 01 人称代词
人称代词形式
数、格 单数 复数
人称
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you your
he him
第三人称 she her they them
it it
1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常
用宾格。
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一
致。
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
④在比较级的句子中 than、as 后用主格、宾格都可以。
2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，＂I＂总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。
考点 02 物主代词
物主代词形式
意义 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们 你们 他们
类别 的 的 的
形容 my your his her its our your their
词性
名词 mine yours his hers ours yours theirs
性
1. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”可单独充当句子的主语，表语和宾语。
考点 03 反身代词
反身代词形式
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
数
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。
3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
考点 04 相互代词(each other，one another)
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为 each other’s，one another’s，作定语。
一般来说，each other 指两者之间，one another 指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
考点 05 指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
1.指示代词 this(these)和 that(those)的区别。
①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
②this 常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that 则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
③为了避免重复，常用 that 或 those 代替前面已提过的名词。
④this 在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that 用于询问对方；this 和 that 可以当副词用，意思相当于副词
so。
模拟演练
02-1 介词
Ⅰ、单项选择
1．Under-achieving children have set up emotional barriers to education and, ______ demands by adults, these
barriers become even harder to overcome.
A．in response to B．in relation to C．in contrast to D．in addition to
【答案】A
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：成绩不佳的孩子为教育设置了情感障碍，而作为对成年人要求的回应，这
些障碍变得更加难以克服。A. in response to 回应、响应；B. in relation to 涉及；C. in contrast to 与……形成
对照；D. in addition to 除……之外（还有）。根据空后的“demands by adults”可知此处表示“回应成年人的要
求”，故选 A。
2．—How do you study English
—I study English talking with foreign students.
A．by B．on C．at D．up
【答案】A
【详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：——你怎么学英语的？——我通过和外国学生交谈来学习英语。A. by 通
过……方式，借助；B. on 在……上面； C. at 在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）； D. up
向（较高位置）。 结合后文“talking with foreign students”可知此处指通过和外国学生交谈的方式来学习英语，
应用 by。故选 A。
3． _____ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go on with the experiment.
A．Since B．For C．As D．With
【答案】D
【详解】
考查 with 的复合结构。句意：随着温度急剧下降，我们无法继续进行实验。A. Since 自从……以来，
因为；B. For 为了；C. As 正如，随着；D. With 随着。根据后文“the temperature falling so rapidly”可知此处
为 with 的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”。故选 D。
4．It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas still leads a simple life _______ his great wealth.
A．though B．despite C．thanks to D．even if
【答案】B
【详解】
考查介词。句意：令人难以置信的是，卢卡斯先生尽管很富有，却仍过着简朴的生活。A. though 尽管，
引导让步状语从句；B. despite 尽管，介词；C. thanks to 幸亏，由于；D. even if 即使，引导让步状语从句。
根据 his great wealth 可知，此处不是句子，排除 A 项和 D 项；“leads a simple life”和“great wealth”形成转折
关系。故选 B。
5．Many people are _______ the new policy.
A．in favor of B．in honor of C．in search of D．in case of
【答案】A
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：许多人赞成这项新政策。A.in favor of 喜欢，支持； B.in honor of 向......致
敬，向......表示敬意, 为庆祝...... ; C. in search of 寻找; D.in case of 万一。根据句意，此处表示对新政策, 大
家表示“支持”。A 项符合题意，故选 A 项。
6．One should apologize ______ his taking the wrong glass at the party .
A．to B．on C．for D．of
【答案】C
【详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：一个人应该为他在聚会上拿错了杯子而道歉。分析题意，apologize for 为固定搭
配译为“因……而道歉”。此处符合题意，故选 C 项。
7．______ the heavy rain, they continued to walk.
A．Thanks to B．Despite C．Though D．Due to
【答案】B
【详解】
考查介词（短语）词义辨析。句意：尽管下着大雨，他们仍继续步行。A. Thanks to 多亏了；B. Despite
尽管；C. Though 虽然，尽管；D. Due to 由于。根据句意可知，句子表示的是“尽管”下着大雨，仍继续步行，
应在 Despite 和 Though 之间进行选择，Despite 为介词，后一般加名词性短语或代词，Though 为连词，一般
用来引导让步状语从句，空格后“the heavy rain”为名词性短语，故应用 Despite。故选 B 项。
8．_____________ should we allow Taiwan to break away from mainland China.
A．At one time B．At no time C．In no time D．From time to time
【答案】B
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们绝不允许台湾从祖国大陆分裂出去。A. At one time 一度，曾经；B. At no
time 绝不；C. In no time 立刻，马上；D. From time to time 时不时，偶尔。根据句意及常识可知，“台湾从
祖国大陆分裂出去”是绝对不允许的。故选 B。
9．I would rather be alone than have a false friend ________.
A．to keep company B．on company
C．with company D．for company
【答案】D
【详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我宁愿孤单一人，也不愿有虚伪的朋友陪伴。for company 陪伴、作伴，该短语
是固定短语。故选 D。
10．Mrs. Smith rewarded the boy________$10________ bringing back the lost dog.
A．at; of B．with; for C．for; with D．for; for
【答案】B
【详解】
考查介词。句意：史密斯夫人奖励这个男孩子十美元，因为他带回了她丢失的狗。reward sb with sth for
doing sth 表示“为某事给某人报酬或奖赏某物”，是固定搭配，故选 B 项。
Ⅱ、语法填空
11.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ______ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】
on 句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所羞辱。结合句意表示“在世界上”
短语为 on earth。故填 on。
12.Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ______ trips
are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
【答案】of
【解析】
考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。
various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填 of。故填 of。
13.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ______ 2.1 in women and men.
【答案】by
【解析】
by 考查介词。这里是说在 1985 年至 2017 年间，农村女性和男性的平均 BMI 值“增加了”2.1，故此处
填介词 by。
14.The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山),
more so ______ the familiar near side.
【答案】than
【解析】
考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级 more so 可知，此处填介
词 than，表示“比……更”。故填 than。
15.Bamboo plants are associated ______ health, abundance and a happy home.
【答案】with
【解析】
考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with 与……相联系。
故填 with。
16.Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived______ ,
through agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】
in，考查介词。词组固定搭配 live in，意为“居住在”，因此要填 in。
17.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire ______ her
36-year-old business.
【答案】from
【解析】
考查介词。句意：拿着她的“终身成就”奖，自豪的艾琳宣布她没有计划从她 36 年的生意退休。根据句
意可知，句中涉及固定短语“retire from”，意为“从……退休”，应用介词 from。故填 from。
18.The Chinese calculator’s name is “suanpan”, but it is known ______ “abacus” in English. Invented by Liu
Hong, abacus is one of the symbols of Chinese people’s wisdom dating back to the 12th century.
【答案】as
【解析】
考查介词。句意：中国计算器的名字叫“算盘”，但在英语中它被称为“abacus”。短语 be known as“被称
为；被认为是”，故填 as。
19.______ Xiongan aiming to become a "smart, green and residents-friendly" city that faces the future, the
Xiongan Railway Station, the landmark of the area, resembles a model for such a future.
【答案】With
【解析】
考查介词。句意：雄安的目标是成为一个面向未来的“智慧、绿色和居民友好型”城市，雄安火车站作为
该地区的标志性建筑，类似这样一个未来的典范。此处为 with 的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，作状语，句
首单词首字母要大写。故填 With。
20.While it is deeply rooted in Chinese culture, Shanghai has also moved ______the times and become a
modern metropolis From doing sports and running on Bund to traditional Chinese art or modern Western art
museums, every activity is feasible in Shanghai.
【答案】with
【解析】
考查介词。句意：在深深扎根于中国文化的同时，上海也与时俱进，成为一座现代化的大都市。表示“随
着……变化”为短语 move with。故填 with。
21.As the 37． (three) solar term in the lunar year, its name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are
awakened 39． spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.
【答案】37third，39by
【解析】
37．考查序数词。根据句意可知，这里表示“第三”，故用序数词。句意：作为农历的第三个节气。故填
third。
39．考查介词。介词 by 表示“被”。句意：它的名字表明着冬眠的动物被春雷唤醒，大地上万物复苏。
故填 by。
22.The study's Danish researchers are convinced that choosing this kind of physical activity can reward
us______ 5 to 6 more years of life!
【答案】with
【解析】
考查介词。句意：这项研究的丹麦研究人员确信，选择这种体育活动可以让我们多活 5 到 6 年!此外，
为了达到更好的效果，研究人员建议限制自己适度的慢跑，而不是快节奏和累人的长跑。reward sb with
sth“用……作为奖赏”是习惯搭配，符合句意。故填 with。
23.Xiong, a visually disabled young woman who started learning the piano at the age of 6, said her idol was
Beethoven, who went completely deaf later and their physical challenges led both of them to establish a connection
with the outside world ______music.
【答案】through
【解析】
考查介词。句意：熊小姐从 6 岁开始学习钢琴，她说她的偶像是贝多芬，贝多芬后来完全失聪，他们
的身体挑战让他们两人通过音乐与外部世界建立了联系。此处是指通过音乐让他们和外部世界建立了联系。
所以应用介词 through（通过）。故填 through。
Ⅲ、短文改错
24. I lent to her some money in order that she could go for a holiday.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】去掉 to
【解析】句意：我借给她一些钱，以便她能去度假。动词 lend 后可接双宾语，所以 to 多余。
25. The biggest problem was in that almost all communication systems were destroyed.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】去掉 in
【解析】句意：最大的难题是，几乎所有的通讯系统都被破坏了。根据语境及句子结构可知，句中
用 that 引导表语从句。
26. It was very kind for them to invite me to visit their country.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】for → of
【解析】句意：他们很好，邀请我访问他们的国家。＂ It’s kind of sb to do sth＂为固定句型。注意：
在＂It is/was + adj. +of/for sb to do＂句型中，当形容词为 easy，hard，difficult，possible，important，necessary
等时用介词 for，而当形容词为描述人的品德及特征的 kind，polite，nice，wise，clever，silly，foolish 等
时用介词 of。
27. The boy wanted to join in the army but was turned down because he was under age.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】去掉 in
【解析】句意：这个男孩想参军，但因为年纪小被拒绝了。join 表示＂参加，加入(某个组织)＂时，
后面不加介词 in；表示＂参加(某项活动)＂时，才加 in。
28. I just couldn’t laugh to his jokes the way I used to.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】第一个 to → at
【解析】句意：我就是不能像以前那样因他讲的笑话而发笑。laugh at 为固定搭配，意为＂嘲笑，
因……而发笑＂。
02-2 代词
Ⅰ、单项选择
1. “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making
power, ______ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.
A. the one that B. one that
C. one D. the one
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词的用法。one 表示泛指，相当于“a(an)+名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个”；that 表
示特指，相当于“the+名词”；代词 one=" a/" an +n 处 one="a" product-making power；而________driven by
innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity 中 driven by 只是一个非谓语短语（be driven by 被……驱使）
作定语，因此不需要连词引导。所以排除 A、
B。one 表示泛指，相当于“the+名词”可以排除 D。句意：“2025 中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品
制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。故选 C。
2．The mistakes made by Chinese students are quite different from _______ made by Japanese students in
English study.
A.it B.that C.ones D.those
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意:在英语学习中,中国学生所犯的错误与日本学生所犯的错误是迥然不同的。分
析句意及句子结构可知,空处在句中特指日本学生所犯的错误,且为复数概念,故应填 those。
【名师点金】①it 代替前面出现的"同名同物"的名词,表示特指概念,相当于"the/this/that/my 等+可数名词
单数";②that 代替前面提到的"同类异物"的可数名词单数或不可数名词,表示特指,相当于"the+可数名词单数/
不可数名词";③one 代替前面出现的"同类异物"的可数名词单数,相当于"a/an+可数名词单数",表示泛指概念,
其复数形式是 ones;④those 代替前面提到的可数名词复数,表示特指概念,相当于"the+可数名词复数",也相当
于 the ones。
3．—_________that students are interested in should be encouraged.
—_________. Sometimes we should make it clear what is not allowed.
A.Anything; I can’t agree more B.Nothing; That’s for sure
C.Not all; I can’t agree D.Not everything; Exactly
【答案】D
【解析】考查部分否定和情景交际。句意：——不是学生们感兴趣的每一件事都应该被鼓励。——的
确如此。有时我们应该弄清楚什么是不允许的。Not everything 是部分否定，表示“不是每一件事都……”，
Exactly 表示对对方观点的肯定。
4．Before _______ stood a terrible man; the little girl could do nothing _______.
A.she;but cry B.her;but cry
C.she;but to cry D.her;but crying
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词和非谓语动词。句意：一个可怕的人站在面前，这个小女孩除了哭什么也不能做。
表示方位的介词短语置于句首，句子使用完全倒装，before 置句首，故空格处是介词 before 的宾语，作宾语
用人称代词的宾格，故第一空填 her；“do nothing but do sth.”表示“除了做某事什么也做不了”，but 是介词，
后可以接不定式作宾语，如果前文中有实义动词 do 的形式，则省略不定式符号 to。故选 B。
5．The yield of the new rice is much greater than of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.
A.one B. that C. it D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查替代词。句意：这种新水稻比种植在巴基斯坦的其他种类的水稻的产量高得多。one 泛指
上文的提到的可数名词单数；that 特指上文提到的可数名词或者不可数名词；it 指代同一名词；what 是连词。
空格指代上文提到的 yield，特指在其他种类水稻的产量，故用 that。故选 B。
Ⅱ、语法填空
For those 1 have seen War for the Planet of the Apes, it’s easy to come to this conclusion---the movie
isn’t about war or the planet, and it’s not 2 (necessary) even about the apes. The movie is
about 3 (survive) and the choices we all make when one wants to survive, good or bad.
With a story that should have been full of conflict and violence, it takes a different approach.
You may find 4 (you) exposed to small pockets of action. While recent sci-fi movies have
become 5 (know) for their action and scenes, War for the Planet of the Apes has taken science
fiction 6 a thoughtful and intelligent direction.
War for the Planet of the Apes may not be the action and monster film that you had in
mind, 7 it’s the kind of film that will make you want to sit in silence in the theater for a few
minutes after it ends, taking in 8 you’ve just witnessed.
The few movies that have that effect 9 (be) usually about humans, but this film enables
people 10 (feel) that way about apes. And that is what makes it a masterpiece.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电影《猩球崛起 3：终极之战》。
1. who 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词为 those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填 who。
2. necessarily 考查副词。修饰动词或形容词用副词，故填 necessarily。
3. survival 考查名词。此处用名词作宾语，表示抽象意义的“生存、幸存”，故填 survival。
4. yourself 考查代词。此处与前面的 You 指的是一个人，所以用反身代词，故填 yourself。
5. known 考查形容词。be known for 表示“因……而众所周知”。
6. in 考查介词。in direction 表示“朝……的方向”。
7. but 考查连词。前后句意可知，前后是转折关系，所以用 but 连接。
8. what 考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填 what。
9. are 考查主谓一致。主语是 The few movies，be 动词用复数，且为一般现在时态，故填 are。
10. to feel 考查非谓语动词。enable sb to do 表示“使某人能够做……”。
Ⅲ、短文改错
1.I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we succeed eventually.
【答案】：
that
I think that accepting failure is we need to do first before we succeed eventually.
what
【解析】：
第二个 that→what 表语从句中缺少 do 的宾语，表示"……的事物"，而 that 在名词性从句中无意义，不
作任何成分，故把 that 改为 what。
2.We should be grateful to them in return for which they have done for us.
which
【答案】：We should be grateful to them in return for they have done for us.
what
【解析】：
分析句子结构可知,第一个 for 后接宾语从句，从句中 done 后缺少宾语,表示“……的事情”，应用 what
引导该从句，故将 which 改成 what。
3.The father and his son all shook my hand and thanked me again and again.
【答案】：
all
The father and his son shook my hand and thanked me again and again.
both
【解析】：
all→both The father and his son 是两个人，all 用于三者或三者以上，both 用于两者，故把 all 改为 both
。
4.People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with their attention focused on the mobile phones, quite
unaware of that is going on around them.
【答案】：
People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with their attention focused on the mobile phones, quite
that
unaware of is going on around them.
what
【解析】：
that→what 句意:各个年龄的人快乐地走在人行道上，注意力集中在手机上，丝毫没有意识到他们身边
正发生着什么。第二个 of 后接宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，意为"……的事情"，故用 what。
5.I miss you very much and thus I’m writing to tell you anything about my new life at college.
anything
【答案】：I miss you very much and thus I’m writing to tell you about my new life at college.
something
【解析】：句意:我非常想念你,于是写信告诉你关于我大学新生活的一些事情肯定句中用
something;anything —般用于疑问、否定或条件句中.
6.From that I understand， people are destroying thousands of square kilometers of trees every day.
that
【答案】：From I understand, people are destroying thousands of square kilometers of trees every
what
day.
【解析】：
分析句子结构可知，from 后引导宾语从句，从句中 understand 后缺少宾语,表示“……的东西”，应用 what
引导该从句， 故将 that 改为 what。
7.My uncle gave my cousins and me some wine and said,“Now enjoy yourself, but don’t get drunk! ”
yourself
【答案】：My uncle gave my cousins and me some wine and said,“Now enjoy , but don’t get
yourselves
drunk! ”
【解析】：句意:我的叔叔给我和我的堂兄们一些酒说: “现在尽情享受吧.但是别喝醉了!”根据 my
cousins and me 可知不止一个人.因此 yourself 应改为复数形式.
8.Buses should have its own special lanes to facilitate public transport.
【答案】：
its
Buses should have own special lanes to facilitate public transport.
their
【解析】：
its—their 此处代词指代复数名词 Buses，表示"它们的"，应用 their。
9.John is a taxi driver in London. Last week her mother gave him two tickets for a play.
【答案】：
her
John is a taxi driver in London. Last week mother gave him two tickets for a play.
his
【解析】：
her→his 根据语境可知，修饰 mother，指代男性 John 的形容词性物主代词应用 his。要注意代词性别的
一致性。
10.Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb it’s full benefit.
【答案】：
it’s
Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb full benefit.
its
【解析】：
It’s→its 句意:有时，为了充分吸收一本书的益处，你有必要多读一遍。修饰名词 benefit 应用形容词性
物主代词 its。
11.We Chinese people call us descendants of the dragon, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough to
succeed.
【答案】：
us
We Chinese people call descendants of the dragon, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough
ourselves
to succeed.
【解析】：
us→ourselves 句意:我们中国人自称龙的后裔，希望我们能足够勇敢和强大以获得成功。句子的主语和
宾语指同一人时，宾语应用反身代词。
12.A man was selling fresh fish and a lot of buyers were crowding around him choosing what he wanted.
【答案】：
he
A man was selling fresh fish and a lot of buyers were crowding around him choosing what wanted.
they
【解析】：
he→they 根据语境可知，宾语从句中应用代词指代前文的名词 buyers,故用复数形式 they。
13.He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.
【答案】：
himself
He had a deep voice, which set apart from others in our small town.
him
【解析】：
himself→him which 指代先行词 a deep voice，set 的宾语与 set 的主语不是指代同一个人，故此处不
能用反身代词。
14.Last month,I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didn’t have money to buy
her new clothes.
it
【答案】：Last month,I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed because her parents didn’t have
them
money to buy her new clothes.
【解析】：句意:上个月,我把我的一些衣服给了一个有需要的女孩子,因为她的父母没有钱给她买新衣服
指代 some of my clothes 应用 them.
真题演练
专题 11 代词、介词和介词短语
【2022 年】
1.（2022 新高考 I 卷）Giant pandas also serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a
host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
答案：as
解析：考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。
固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填 as。
【2021 年】
1.（2021·天津卷）Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are truly struggling. 30 simply
satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their
own bikes.
A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学
习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without 除了；B. Beyond 越过；C. Upon 在……上；D. Among 在……中间。
结合后文“simply satisfying a material need”表示“在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上”应用介词 upon。故选 C。
2.（2021·全国甲卷）…… Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of
the same age and can understand each other. Some will tum out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little
choose to deal with the problems on our own……
【答案】4. 去掉 out 5.little→few 6.our→their
【解析】
4. 考查固定搭配。turn to sb. For help 表示想某人寻求帮助，故 turn 后面去掉 out。
5. 考查代词。a little 代指不可数名词，a few 代指可数名词。在这里指少部分的学生， 可数名词，故
把 little 改为 few。
6. 考查代词。On one’s own 表示靠自己。这里省略主语 students, 主语相当于 Only a little students， 其
后应该是 their。故 our 改为 their。
3. (2021·新高考 I 卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always
stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must
to visit!
【答案】64. mine
【解析】64.考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在
游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为 does
指代前一句的 stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词 mine 指代 my memory。故填 mine。
4. (2021·浙江卷)Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary
Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who
performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
………
【答案】37. for
【解析】37.考查介词。句意：1844 年，他们以 1200 美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子
和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在 1842 年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语 buy sth. for +
价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填 for。
5.（2021 年全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted
as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it
desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___
trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
【答案】
63. its
64. until
65. the
66. of
【解析】
【63 题】考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于 20 世纪 70 年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词 origin 可知，
此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词 origin。故填 its。
【64 题】考查固定句型。句意：直到 20 世纪 80 年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，
此处表示“直到 20 世纪 80 年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型
“not……until……”。故填 until。
【65 题】考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为
生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and
adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词 the。故填 the。
【66 题】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为
生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填 of。故填 of。
【2020 年】
1.（2020·新课标 I 卷）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of
deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级 more so 可知，
此处填介词 than，表示“比……更”。故填 than。
2.（2020·新课标 I 卷）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it
contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词 plans 可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词 its，故填
its。
3.（2020·新课标 I 卷）After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited patiently unless
the oil was hot.
【答案】将 off 改为 on
【解析】考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据 I poured oil into a pan 及常识
可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语 turn on，故将 off 改为 n。
4.（2020·新课标 I 卷）＂Not that way，＂my mom tried to stop us but failed.
【答案】将 us 改为 me
【解析】考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一
个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将 us 改为 me。
5.（2020·新课标 II 卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune
and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than 不仅仅，不只是。故填 than。
6.（2020·新课标 II 卷）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on
every day.
【答案】去掉 on
【解析】考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词 on 后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每
一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故 on 多余，应去掉。
7.（2020·新课标 II 卷）Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
【答案】将 yours 改为 your
【解析】考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固
定短语。故将 your 改为 you。句中的 yours 为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将 yours 改为
your。
8.（2020·新课标 III 卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70． earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句
意表示“在世界上”短语为 on earth。故填 on。
9. （2020·江苏卷）Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests.
A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for
作为交换；B. in answer to 回答；C. in contact with 接触，与……有联系；D. in memory of 纪念。根据空后
someone who shares your interests 及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选 C。
10. （2020·江苏卷）This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for
______.
A. whichever B. whenever C. wherever D. whatever
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。
A. whichever 无论哪个；B. whenever 无论何时；C. wherever 无论何地；D. whatever 无论什么。分析句子成
分可知，此处做 goes for 的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever 符合语境。故选 D。
11．（2020·天津卷）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.
A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of
C．at the mercy of D．on the side of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the
shape of 呈……形状；B. beyond the reach of 超出……的能力之外 C. at the mercy of 受……的支配；D. on the
side of 拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选 A。
12.（2020·山东卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and
imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in history or 43（walking）(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不
同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代 visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填
themselves。
13.（2020·山东卷）Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短
语:compete for，意为“为了……竞争”。故填 for。
14.（2020·浙江卷）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they
lived 56． ，through agriculture.56．
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前 10000 年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的
世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词 the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知
先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填 in。
【2019 年】
1.【2019·天津卷·】A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than
_________who are not.
A. ones B. those
C. these D. them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空
格处代词与 the students 是对应关系，可以用 the ones 或者 those 替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，
不能与 the students 形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选 B。
2.【2019·江苏卷·】Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect 实际
上；B. in command 指挥；C. in turn 轮流，依次；D. in shape 在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选 A。
3.【2019·新课标 I 卷】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only
since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接，
“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for。
4.【2019·新课标 I 卷】Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚
集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually
are.
【答案】of/for
5.【2019·新课标 III 卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填 of。
6.【2019·浙江卷】But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___61___ this question is
not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案
是……”。故填 to。
【2018 年】
1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee 先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和 Mr. Lee
见面）。make an appointment for 意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故 A 选项正确。
2.【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went
___________.
A. at first B. after all
C. above all D. at random
【答案】B
【解析】句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但它毕竟还是去了。at first
首先；after all 毕竟，终究；above all 首先；at random 随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面的情况相
反，所以选 B。
3.【2018·江苏】China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China
globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to
C. in return for D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和
理解相一致。A. in line with 按照；与...一致；B. in reply to 答复；C. in return for 作为 ... 的报酬；D. in honour
of 为纪念。故选 A。
4.【2018·新课标 III 卷】I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】 for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for 是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部
低地大猩猩。
【2017 年】
1.【2017·天津卷】1When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that
are over 1,000 years old.
A. among B. against C. behind D. below
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位
于之间； be against 反对； be behind 在后面； be below 在之下。根据句意，故选 A。
2.【2017·江苏卷】Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our
survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。A. in contrast to 对比，截然不同；B. in defense of 为……辩护；C. in face
of 面对；D. in relation to 与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技
能。故选 D。
3.【2017·北京卷】Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
【答案】B
【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词 in,不用 by,因为 by 后面通常接做什么
事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用 in，故选 B。
【2016 年】
1.【 2016·天津】 The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was
published.
A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：这本字典过时了。自从它被出版以来，很多单词被添加到这种语言中。
A. out of control 失去控制；B. out of date 过时的；C. out of sight 看不见的；D. out of reach 够不着的。根据句
意，故选 B。
2.【2016·浙江】In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词 education
system，用 that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。This 表示“近指”，one 是泛指可数名词单数，it 是
特指上文提到的名词。故选 A。
3.【2016·浙江】That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's
reliable.
A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这个年轻人诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总是在那里。简言之，
他很可靠。A.否则；B.简言之；C.顺便说一下；D.首先。故选 B。
4.【2016·浙江】The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______influence the basic processes by
which we see world around us.
A. on B. in C. at D. about
【答案】B
【解析】句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The cultures 后面是定语从
句，省略 that，定语从句中 cultures 作宾语，那么还缺少一个介词，和 cultures 搭配用介词 in，故选 B。
5.【2016·浙江】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming
years
A. little more B. no more C.much more D.many more
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。A.没有
这个搭配；B.不再；C.多得多（修饰不可数名词）；D. many more 更多（修饰可数名词）。这里修饰的是上文
的 activities。故选 D。
学习评价：
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