北京高考英语阅读表达专项训练（10篇有答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 北京高考英语阅读表达专项训练（10篇有答案） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 65.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-12 13:58:35 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
阅读表达
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Digital Inclusion for Older Adults
As a researcher in the behavior of older adults, I regularly hear complaints from them like, “I’m just not part of this world anymore. In certain parts of society, I just can’t join… Some things just are not possible if you are not in the flow of the Internet.” or “We feel like we’re standing outside a building that we have no access to.”
Today, mastering digital technology has become a key component of what it means to fully participate in society. But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide.
As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say they’ve never used the Internet, and half don’t have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone else’s help to set up or use a new digital device.
In contrast to concerns about technology use increasing isolation(孤立；隔离) among younger populations, the communication and connection possible online can be especially valuable for older adults who are homebound, live far away from family, or have lost the loved ones. Older adults can use online tools to connect with friends and family via messaging platforms, video chat, and social media even if they can no longer physically visit them. And they can engage with the outside world through news, blogs, streaming platforms, and email, even if they are no longer able to move about as easily as they once could.
For older adults in particular, the risks associated with social isolation are profound. Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them.
The importance of digital inclusion is not going to disappear with the generational changes of the coming decades. Technology is continuously developing, and with each new digital innovation come challenges for even younger adults to adapt.
1．What prevents some older adults from connecting with society
2．What do the statistics in Paragraph 3 indicate
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
●Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline.
4．Please briefly present your opinion on digital inclusion. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
A Talented Dancer and Actor
Jamie Bell was 13 when he won the starring role of Billy Eliot in the movie. He was chosen from a talent search of over 2，000 children.
Jamie began dancing at the age of six after watching his older sister dance and accompanying her to competitions all over England. Once， while he was waiting for his sister to come on stage， he saw a gid dancing out of step. "I could do better than that，" he told his mother. So his mother bought him tap shoes and sent him off to classes.
Jamie grew up in a small town in northern England. Many people in Billingham，where Jamie grew up， did not think ballet was a manly thing to do，so Jamie didn't tell anyone about it. When his friends asked him out and he had a ballet lesson，he used to say he was going to see his grandmother or he had to go to the doctors. After they found out about his dancing，his close friends accepted it，but some of the other boys at his school teased him and called him names like "ballerina boy" and "girlie boy". "But most of that gave me more determination to do it，because I wanted to prove to them that ballet wasn't just for girls； it was for boys as well，" said Jamie who is now 15.
Since making Billy Eliot，Jamie has starred in another movie "Who goes there and has made guest appearances in several television shows." He has also acted in pantomimes. For the time being， however， his schoolwork is the most important thing in his life and he is busy studying for several important examinations.
5．When did Jamie start dancing？
________________
6．What did the people in Billingham think of ballet？
________________
7．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. After finding out about Jamie's dancing, his friends laughed at him.
________________
8．Do you know a person who has a strong will to achieve his/her aim？ Please give an example.（about 40 words）
________________
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Robots help us in many ways — from assembly lines to looking after the elderly. Now they’re turning their attention to coping with climate change by helping to plant trees.
Milrem Robotics, an Estonian company, has developed an autonomous robot forester. The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours. The robotic planters are equipped with Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) which uses laser pulses to build up three-dimensional image of the robots’ surroundings and global positioning (GPS) to navigate precisely. The position of each sapling is recorded in a database as it is planted, which means that a specialized brush cutter version of the robot forester can reduce competitive growth without harming the young trees.
The robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could used to restore natural forests, too. Deforestation (滥伐) contributes 15% of all global greenhouse gas emissions. Conservationists say, “We lose 10 million hectares of trees every year to agriculture and logging and we need to plant trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.” A mature tree can capture an average of 0.62 metric tons of carbon dioxide over its lifetime — equivalent to the carbon emissions from driving a car 2,400 kilometres. Tree planting is just one of a range of measures needed to fight climate change and scientists say it’s important to plant the right trees in the right place for it to be effective.
These robotic planters are just one of the many new solutions beginning to surface in time for the decade of delivery on climate change. We can do a lot to help in our daily life.
9．What is the robot forester capable of
10．According to conservationists, how can we help slow down climate change
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Milrem Robotics developed the autonomous robot foresters to help speed up deforestation.
12．Please state what you will do to help slow climate change (about 40 words)
阅读表达
Researchers found that women are overcome by a burning desire to share gossip (流言蜚语) as soon as they hear it. They will typically tell the secret to at least one other person in 47 hours. Depending on who the gossip is about, their boyfriend, husband, best friend or mother is most likely to be the recipients (接受者) of the information.
The study of 3,000 women aged between 18 and 65 also found that four out of ten admitted they were unable to keep a secret — no matter how personal or secret the news was. It was also found that alcohol usually gives us a helping hand to let out secrets — with more than half admitting a glass or two of wine could get them to dish the dirt.
Michael Cox, UK Director of Wines of Chile, said, “ It’s official that women can’t keep secrets. We are really eager to find out with this survey how many secrets people are told. What we don’t count on is how quickly these are passed on by those we trust. No matter how precious the piece of information is, it often comes out within 48 hours.”
Three quarters say they are able to keep quiet about a secret, and 83 percent consider themselves 100 percent reliable within each group of friends. Yet, four in ten admit gossiping to a close friend from another friendship group. Nearly half (45 percent) disclose secrets just for the weight to be lifted from their shoulders. More than four in ten think it is acceptable to share a friend’s secret with someone who doesn’t know him or her.
Private issues, true cost of purchases and affairs emerged top of the secret-keeping list, with girls most likely to share a secret chatting face-to-face, on the phone or via a text message. Fortunately, over a quarter (27 percent) said they forgot what they were told the following day.
13．Please explain the underlined words “ dish the dirt ” in English. (No more than 5 words.)
14．What makes women more likely pass on gossip (No more than 3 word.)
15．What kinds of secrets are women most interested in (No more than 10 words.)
16．Why do about half women tell secrets to others (No more than 10 words.)
17．Should women tell secrets to others or keep secrets Please give your opinions and reasons. (No more than 25 words.)
阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals.
Psychologists have a wide variety of ways of describing and differentiating motivations because people care about so many different things. Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people: achievement (the feeling of success), affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world). Authors Adrian Gostick and Chester Elton identified 23 motivations, including creativity, challenge and learning.
Some motivations, such as money, social position and praise, are external; these are the tools bosses typically use to encourage their employees to do better. Other motivations, including fun, personal growth and feeling like one’s work is significant, come from within the person doing the action. These ideals, called internal motivations, tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.
Since a wide variety of motivations exist, it’s important to understand which ones are persuasive to you. Trying to motivate yourself in a way that doesn’t appeal to you will make it difficult to convince yourself to work. When choosing a career, think about what motivates you and make decisions accordingly. If you are motivated by overcoming challenges, look for a career where you can continually try hard to reach a higher level.
People motivated by external rewards sometimes struggle to meet goals they set for themselves that no one else knows about. They can solve this problem by creating external rewards for their personal goals such as finding a friend to hold them accountable.
When you know what motivates you, you will be able to motivate yourself to do the things necessary to succeed. And if you are a leader, knowing what motivates your team will enable you to help them do the same.
18．Why is it important for people to be clear of their motivations
19．How can the motivations be classified according to McClelland
20．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones.
21．Please briefly present what motivates you in your life and how it works. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Today, technological advances are rapidly making it possible to automate much of the work currently carried out by humans. This applies to both blue-collar jobs through robotics and the Internet of things,and white-collar work through artificial intelligence，the wide applicability of these technologies has led to broad concern about the destruction of jobs. Indeed, according to a 2014 Oxford study, 47% of jobs in the US could be replaced. By automated processes in the next two decades.
Of course. As many have noted, while technology has always removed the need for some types of jobs, it also creates new ones. Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency. The Industrial Revolution destroyed some jobs but created many more. It also increased the total wealth of society and began to create a middle class who could enjoy health, education and other benefits that previously had been available only to the wealthiest. It can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities, which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is. But nine of the top ten most in-demand jobs of 2012 didn't exist in 2003, suggesting that this latest revolution is creating new employment opportunities.
For many, this picture is overly optimistic. The new jobs require a completely different skills set —you can't turn an assembly plant worker into a data scientist overnight. Others are concerned that we are facing a permanent reduction in the need for human labor. Science fiction has long imagined a future where we no longer have to work and can spend our time on more noble pursuits. Could it be that we are reaching that inflection point in human history, if we are Neither our social norms nor our economic systems are ready for it. Today, self-worth is inherently tied up with jobs，professions，careers and trades.
22．How is white-collar work automated by technology
23．What is technology according to the passage
24．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It is obviously optimistic to predict the types and quantities of jobs that this new revolution will create. .
25．Please briefly present the benefits that technological advances bring to you. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
When I was at school, our teacher used to tell the class: "You are what you eat." Actually, he was trying to show us the importance of eating the right food to stay healthy. And there are clear proofs that you become what you eat.
Japanese people are considered to be the healthiest in the world because of the food they eat. Most of them eat rice and fish and vegetables every day. They drink green tea or water when they're thirsty, and snack on dried fish, fruit or ginkgo nuts. This tradition diet helps them live a longer and healthier life.
Food has great effect on our physical and emotional health. Have you ever heard any of the following advice
·Lettuce(生菜)or milk can make you sleepy.
·To stop feeling sleepy, you should eat dried fish.
·To keep your teeth clean, you should eat apples often.
·Garlic helps you not to catch cold.
But some advice may be contradictory to each other. While some people say “eating chocolate makes you fat and gives you spots", some others say “chocolate contains the essential minerals like iron and magnesium(镁).” In this case, what you need to do is to figure out what type of chocolate and how much of it to eat.
Some restaurants have already had their menus list the nutritional content and the benefits of their dishes and drinks. Let's take the restaurant “Winners” as an example. Its dishes are specifically designed to help people win sports competitions. There is a typical Night before dish, a vegetable lasagne(宽面条)with rich tomato sauce full of vitamin and soft, easy-to-digest vegetables, which is lopped with a little fresh cheese—just enough to help you get a good night's sleep. Or you can choose the Go-faster salad, which is a large bowl of mixed raw vegetables in a light salad dressing. The vegetables are carefully chosen to include plenty of natural vitamins and minerals. It gives you energy without making you gain weight.
The concept of eating food only because it's tasty is going out of fashion. And food producers are changing. Cola companies are making sugar-free and caffeine-free drinks. Food companies are making cookies with dried fruit because it is healthier. So in the future you might be able to eat your way to your idea of perfection.
26．Why do Japanese people live a longer and healthier life
27．What advice does the author give on eating chocolate
28．Please decide which part of the following statement is false，then underline it and explain why.
Some restaurants hate their menus list the benefits of the dishes and drinks to encourage the customers to order more food and drink.
29．What do you think about the concept of "eating food because it's tasty" Please give your reasons.（about 40 words）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
The increase in online education has allowed a new type of teacher to emerge—an artificial one. But just how accepting students are of an artificial instructor remains to be seen. That’s why researchers at the University of Central Florida’s Nicholson School of Communication and Media are working to examine student perceptions of AI-based teachers. Some of their findings, published recently in the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, indicate that for students to accept an AI teaching assistant, it needs to be effective and easy to talk to.
According to Jihyun Kim, the lead author of the study, the hope is that by understanding how students relate to Al-teachers, engineers and computer scientists can design them to easily integrate into the education experience.
“To use machine teachers effectively, we need to understand students’ views on machine teachers, their learning experiences with them and more,” Kim says. “This line of research is needed to design effective machine teachers that can actually facilitate positive learning experiences.”
AI teaching assistants can help ease a teacher's workload, such as by responding to commonly asked questions by students. These questions, which often appear each semester and become numerous in online classes with hundreds of students, can become a large task for a teacher. The quick delivery of answers also helps students.
An example of an AI teaching assistant is one named Jill Watson that was created by a researcher at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Jill was fed the thousands of questions and answers commonly asked in the researcher’s online class that he’d taught over the years. With some additional learning and adjustments, Jill was eventually able to answer the students’ commonly asked questions accurately without any human assistance as if she was one of the researcher’s human teaching assistants.
“I hope our research findings help us find an effective way to incorporate AI agents into education,” Kim says. “By adopting an AI agent as an assistant for a simple and repetitive task, teachers would be able to have more things scheduled such as meeting with students and developing teaching strategies.”
30．What kind of AI teaching assistants can students easily accept
31．What do researchers need to do to design effective AI teaching assistants
32．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
With the help of Al-based teaching assistants, human teachers can not only be relieved from heavy work but also have more time to answer commonly asked questions by students.
33．Explain how AI technology can be used in a different field in our life. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
EACH DECEMBER, the Oxford English Dictionary(OED)nominates(提名)a word describe the year which had just passed. In 2019, the OED needed two words: climate; emergency. For 2020, there was another kind of emergency-COVID-19- but this time he OED needed forty words to describe it. Yes, 2020 has been a very unusual year that hasn't been easy to describe.
Two of the obvious words the OED has suggested have been “pandemic” and “lockdown”. The former appeared, of course, because COVID-19 has spread around the world, and the latter because the life-threatening disease has brought most of human activity across the globe to a standstill. Businesses have been closed, travel stopped, and people have had to stay in their homes for weeks or even months on end.
2020 has undeniably been a bad year, but I would like to describe it in a more positive way, so I nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year.
As the pandemic began to spread, there was a great deal of cooperation between countries and international health organizations. They shared information about the virus and how it could be contained. And countries shared medical supplies and equipment with other countries which needed them. China took a leading role in this effort by sending masks and protective clothing to Canada, the United States and Europe, as well as to countries in the Middle East and Africa. Without this cooperation, the pandemic, bad as it has been, could have been much worse.
And that brings me to my second word: hope. Even though COVID-19 is still around and will continue to affect our daily lives for at least a little longer, we are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel. Vaccines have been developed against the coronavirus and, with a little “hope”, we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.
2020 is over; 2021 awaits us. With “cooperation” and “hope”, it should make for a wonderful year.
34．Why has the OED suggested “lockdown”
35．What does the author mean by “we are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel” in Paragraph 5
36．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
2020 is viewed as a bad year because of the spread of the pandemic and it is viewed totally negative.
37．Which word would you nominate to describe 2020 except the words mentioned in this article And why (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Is it better for our bodies to work out at certain times of the day Scientists have known for some time that every tissue in our bodies contains a kind of biological clock that goes off in response to messages related to our daily exposure to light, food and sleep.
However, whether and how exercise timing might influence metabolic (新陈代谢的) health has been less clear, and the results of past experiments have not always agreed. A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest. He had been studying exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes, but had not considered the possible role of timing. Now, seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts, he wondered if the timing of workouts might similarly affect how the workouts changed people’s metabolisms.
Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. They also had noted when the riders showed up for their workouts. The researchers pulled data for the 12 men who consistently had worked out between 8 and 10 a.m. and compared them with another 20 who always exercised between 3 and 6 p.m. They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise.
He says, “This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier. The particular and most effective exercise for each of us will line up with our daily routines and exercise tendencies because exercise is good for us at any time of day—but only if we choose to keep doing it.”
38．What inspired Professor Schrauwen to carry out the research related to the timing of workouts
39．What did Schrauwen’s new study figure out
40．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
41．When do you think is the best time for you to exercise Why (about 40 words)
参考答案：
1．The digital divide.
2．The problem of the digital divide among older adults is serious/ common.
3．●Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline.
According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them.
4．略
【分析】这是一篇说明文。今天，掌握数字技术已经成为全面参与社会的重要组成部分。但有一个领域尤其有可能阻止一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟。老年人中的数字鸿沟问题非常严重，作者认为我们需要用数字融入来帮助老年人使用数字技术融入社会，降低抑郁症和功能衰退的风险。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide.”（但有一个领域尤其有可能阻止一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟。）可知，数字鸿沟阻止了一些老年人和社会建立联系。故答案为The digital divide.。
2．考查推理判断。根据第三段“As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say they’ve never used the Internet, and half don’t have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone else’s help to set up or use a new digital device.”（最近的一项研究显示，65岁及以上的成年人中，有三分之一的人说他们从未使用过互联网，有一半的人在家里无法上网。在使用互联网的人中，近一半的人说他们需要别人的帮助来安装或使用新的数字设备。）可知，第三段的数据表明在老人之中上网有困难的比例非常大，这就说明老人之中的数字鸿沟问题非常严重或普遍。故答案为The problem of the digital divide among older adults is serious/common.。
3．考查推理判断。根据倒第二段第二句和第三句“Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them.”（老年人中的孤独与抑郁、功能衰退和死亡有关。技术可以作为帮助降低这些风险的重要工具，但前提是我们向老年人提供他们所需的技能，让他们能够进入数字世界。）可知，让老年人接触数字世界有助于减少抑郁症和功能衰退的风险，而不是从中恢复。所以“recover from”错误，应在此处画下划线。故答案为According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them.。
4．考查开放性回答。回答问题时，需要简要表述考生对数字融入的观点，注意答案字数应控制在40个单词左右。
5．Jamie began dancing at the age of six.
6．They did not think ballet was a manly thing to do.
7．After finding out about Jamie's dancing, his friends laughed at him. Because his close friends accepted it, didn't laugh at him.
8．Yes. When Helen Keller was more than one year old， her eyes couldn't see and ears couldn't hear because of her high fever. However, with her perseverance， she mastered English， French and German.
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了杰米六岁时开始跳舞，但那时在白金汉许多人认为芭蕾舞不是一件有男子气概的事。但是他非常努力，杰米 贝尔13岁时赢得了电影中比利 艾略特的主演。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Jamie began dancing at the age of six after watching his older sister dance and accompanying her to competitions all over England. ”杰米六岁时开始跳舞，在那之前，他看到他的姐姐跳舞，并陪她参加了全英格兰的比赛。可知杰米六岁开始跳舞的。故答为Jamie began dancing at the age of six.
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Many people in Billingham，where Jamie grew up， did not think ballet was a manly thing to do，so Jamie didn't tell anyone about it.”在杰米在白金汉长大，许多人认为芭蕾舞不是一件有男子气概的事，所以杰米没有告诉任何人。 可知在白金汉许多人认为芭蕾舞不是一件有男子气概的事。故答为They did not think ballet was a manly thing to do.
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“After they found out about his dancing，his close friends accepted it，but some of the other boys at his school teased him and called him names like "ballerina boy" and "girlie boy.”他们发现他跳舞后，他的好朋友们接受了，但是学校里的其他男生取笑他，叫他“芭蕾舞男孩”和“小妞男孩”。 可知在发现他跳舞后，他的好朋友们接受了，并没有嘲笑他。故答案为：After finding out about Jamie's dancing， his friends laughed at him. Because his close friends accepted it， didn't laugh at him.
8．开放式题目。这是一道开放式题目，只要合情合理即可。所以可以填：海伦凯乐一岁多的时候，因为发高烧，她的眼睛看不到，耳朵听不到，但是她以自强不息的顽强毅力，掌握了英、法、德等五国语言。 故回答为：Yes. When Helen Keller was more than one year old， her eyes couldn't see and ears couldn't hear because of her high fever. However， with her perseverance， she mastered English， French and German.
9．Planting a hectare of trees in under six hours./ Planting a hectare of forest in less than six hours./ The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours.
10．By planting a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss./ We need to plant a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.
11．Milrem Robotics developed the autonomous robot foresters to help speed up deforestation./ According to the passage, the robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could used to restore natural forests instead of helping speed up deforestation.
12．As a student, I actively play my part in slowing climate change. On the one hand, I clearly know paper is made from wood, so I always use both sides of the paper and avoid leaving a lot white space on the page to reduce forest cutting. On the other hand, I usually ride a bike or take a public transport instead of driving for a short distance.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Estonian公司开发的一种自主机器人森林管理员的功能与用途。
9．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours.（新的机器人森林管理员可以在不到六小时内种植一公顷森林。）”可知，机器人森林管理员可以在六小时内种下一公顷的森林。故答案为Planting a hectare of trees in under six hours./ Planting a hectare of forest in less than six hours./ The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours.
10．考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段“Conservationists say, “We lose 10 million hectares of trees every year to agriculture and logging and we need to plant trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.”（ 环保人士说，“我们每年因农业和伐木而损失1000万公顷的树木，我们需要种植数以万亿计的树木来扭转森林覆盖率的损失，以帮助减缓气候变化。”）”可知，环保人士认为，我们需要种植一万亿棵树来扭转森林覆盖率的下降，以帮助减缓气候变化。故答案为By planting a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss./ We need to plant a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.
11．考查推理判断。根据文章第二段“The position of each sapling is recorded in a database as it is planted, which means that a specialized brush cutter version of the robot forester can reduce competitive growth without harming the young trees.（每棵树苗的位置都记录在一个数据库中，因为它是种植，这意味着一个专门的灌木切割机版本的机器人林业可以减少竞争性增长而不伤害幼树。）”以及文章第三段“The robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could used to restore natural forests, too.（这个机器人是为在商业森林中工作而设计的，它也可以用来恢复天然森林。）”可推知，机器人森林管理员是为在商业森林中工作而设计的，它可以用来恢复天然森林，而不是帮助加速砍伐森林。所以本题中“to help speed up deforestation（以帮助加速森林砍伐）”是错误的。故答案为Milrem Robotics developed the autonomous robot foresters to help speed up deforestation./ According to the passage, the robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could used to restore natural forests instead of helping speed up deforestation.
12．主观题，答案不唯一。供参考答案为：As a student, I actively play my part in slowing climate change. On the one hand, I clearly know paper is made from wood, so I always use both sides of the paper and avoid leaving a lot white space on the page to reduce forest cutting. On the other hand, I usually ride a bike or take a public transport instead of driving for a short distance.
13．Tell secrets to others. / Let out secrets. / Disclose secrets.
14．Drinking wine. / A glass of wine. / Alcohol.
15．Private issues, true cost of purchases and affairs.
16．Because they think it can reduce pressure. / It can lift the weight from their shoulders./To lift the weight from their shoulders. / For the weight to be lifted from their shoulders.
17．I think women should keep secrets because spreading gossip may cause lots of trouble and harm the relations between people./ I think women should keep secrets. It’s helpful to their friends’ trust in them. /(This helps them to keep a friendship.)
【分析】这是一篇说明文。调查者发现很多女人很难保守秘密，并对这种现象分析了原因。
13．词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“alcohol usually gives us a helping hand to let out secrets(酒精通常会帮助我们泄露秘密)”可知，“dish the dirt”意为“泄露秘密”。表示“泄露”可用let out或disclose，“泄露秘密”也可以表示为“把秘密告诉别人”，所以也可用tell secrets to others。且根据要求，答案字数不超过五个单词。故答案为Tell secrets to others. / Let out secrets. / Disclose secrets.
14．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“alcohol usually gives us a helping hand to let out secrets(酒精通常会帮助我们泄露秘密)”可知，酒精让女人更有可能传递流言，也可以说喝酒或一杯酒可以让女人更有可能传递流言。根据要求可知，答案字数不能超过三个单词。故答案为Drinking wine. / A glass of wine. / Alcohol.
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Private issues, true cost of purchases and affairs emerged top of the secret-keeping list, with girls most likely to share a secret chatting face-to-face, on the phone or via a text message.(私人问题、真实消费和婚外情排在了保密名单的首位，女孩们最有可能通过面对面聊天、打电话或发短信来分享秘密)”可知，私人问题、真实消费和婚外情是女人最感兴趣的秘密。根据要求可知，答案字数不能超过10个单词。故答案为Private issues, true cost of purchases and affairs.
16．细节理解题。根据倒第二段倒第二句“Nearly half (45 percent) disclose secrets just for the weight to be lifted from their shoulders. (近一半（45%）的女性透露秘密只是为了减轻压力)”可知，大约一半的女人泄露秘密是为了减轻压力。根据要求可知，答案长度不可超过10个单词。故答案为Because they think it can reduce pressure. / It can lift the weight from their shoulders./To lift the weight from their shoulders. / For the weight to be lifted from their shoulders.
17．开放性试题。考生需先表明自己的观点，再说明原因。注意答案长度要求不超过25个单词。参考答案为I think women should keep secrets because spreading gossip may cause lots of trouble and harm the relations between people./ I think women should keep secrets. It’s helpful to their friends’ trust in them. /(This helps them to keep a friendship.)
18．Because knowing what motivates people can help them find meaning in their work and make efforts to reach their goals.
19．He classified them into 3 main motivations: achievement, affiliation and power.
20．Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones.
In the text, the author points out that internal motivations tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.
21．言之有理即可
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍知道自己工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标。心理学家有各种各样的方法来描述和区分动机。文章主要介绍了David McClelland确定的人们的三个主要动机：成功的感觉，亲密的关系和影响世界的能力。
18．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals.（为什么你每天早上都要从床上爬起来去上班或上学 怎样才能让你觉得自己在这些地方的贡献是值得的 知道自己工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标。）”可知，知道工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标，故答案为Because knowing what motivates people can help them find meaning in their work and make efforts to reach their goals.
19．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第二句“Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people: achievement (the feeling of success), affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world).（心理学家David McClelland确定了人们的三个主要动机:成就(成功的感觉)，归属(亲密的关系)和权力(影响世界的能力)。）”可知，David McClelland确定了人们的三个主要动机就是，成就(成功的感觉)，归属(亲密的关系)和权力(影响世界的能力)，故答案为He classified them into 3 main motivations: achievement, affiliation and power.
20．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段最后一句“These ideals, called internal motivations, tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.（这些理想被称为内部动机，往往比外部动机更可靠，因为它们代表着永远不能被拿走的东西。）”可知，文章指出内部动机往往比外部动机更可靠，因为它们代表的东西永远不能被拿走，故答案为Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones.
In the text, the author points out that internal motivations tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.
21．开放题。回答时先说出自己生活中的动机，然后再陈述是它是如何影响你的。答案言之有理即可。
22．Through artificial intelligence.
23．Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency.
24．It is obviously optimistic to predict the types and quantities of jobs that this new revolution will create.
According to the passage, it can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities, which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is.
25．With the development of Internet, plenty of digital resources are available to me. Everything is at the touch of a fingertip, so I can easily and quickly access whatever I am interested in and expand my minds by immersing myself in high quality resources.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍技术的进步使实现自动化成为可能。技术的进步消除了对某些类型工作的需求，同时也创造了新的工作。
22．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中“...making it possible to automate much of the work currently carried out by humans. This applies to both blue-collar jobs through robotics and the Internet of things, and white-collar work through artificial intelligence.（这使由人类完成的工作实现自动化成为可能。这既适用于通过机器人和物联网实现的蓝领工作，也适用于通过人工智能实现的白领工作。）”可知，今天的科技是通过人工智能使白领工作实现自动化。故答案为Through artificial intelligence.。
23．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中“Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency.”可知，科技是我们用不同的方法来提高效率的工具。故答案为Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency.。
24．考查推理判断。文章第二段中提到“It can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities , which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is.（要预测这场新革命将创造什么样的工作机会，以及创造多少工作机会是具有挑战性的。这使得情况看起来比实际情况更糟。）”。根据“It can be challenging…”可以推断，“It is obviously optimistic…（这显然是很乐观的……）”是不正确的。故答案为It is obviously optimistic to predict the types and quantities of jobs that this new revolution will create. /According to the passage, it can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities, which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is.。
25．本题为主观题，答案不唯一。题目要求简要介绍技术进步带来的好处，可以介绍网络的发展给我们生活带来便利的一方面，比如我们很容易就可以获得大量的数字资源。故答案为With the development of Internet, plenty of digital resources are available to me. Everything is at the touch of a fingertip, so I can easily and quickly access whatever I are interested in and expand my minds by immersing myself in high quality resources.。
26．Because they eat healthily.
27．The author advises eating the right type of chocolate and proper amount.
28．Some restaurants hate their menus list the benefits of the dishes and drinks to encourage the customers to order more food and drink.
Because some restaurants have already had their menus list the nutritional content and the benefits of their dishes and drinks.
29．In my opinion ,"Eating food because it's tasty" is out of date/fashion. Due to the development of industry, the pollution is becoming more serious, which threats our health. And people’s awareness of keeping fit has been increasing. People are developing healthy eating habits.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。以好吃为标准的饮食已经落伍了，应该讲究健康饮食，并列举了一些健康饮食的例子。
26．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Japanese people are considered to be the healthiest in the world because of the food they eat. Most of them eat rice and fish and vegetables every day. They drink green tea or water when they're thirsty, and snack on dried fish, fruit or ginkgo nuts. This tradition diet helps them live a longer and healthier life. （日本人被认为是世界上最健康的人，因为他们吃的食物。他们中的大多数人每天吃米饭、鱼和蔬菜。他们口渴时喝绿茶或水，吃些鱼干、水果或银杏果当零食。这种传统饮食有助于他们活得更长更健康。）”可知，日本人更长寿健康，因为他们每天吃米饭、鱼和蔬菜。他们口渴时喝绿茶或水，吃些鱼干、水果或银杏果当零食,即他们吃得很健康。故答案为Because they eat healthily。
27．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“In this case, what you need to do is to figure out what type of chocolate and how much of it to eat.（在这种情况下，你需要做的是弄清楚要吃什么类型的巧克力以及要吃多少。）”可知，作者建议应注意吃巧克力的种类及量。故答案为The author advises eating the right type of chocolate and proper amount。
28．考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some restaurants have already had their menus list the nutritional content and the benefits of their dishes and drinks.（一些餐馆已经在他们的菜单上列出了菜肴和饮料的营养成分和益处。）”及“The vegetables are carefully chosen to include plenty of natural vitamins and minerals. It gives you energy without making you gain weight.（这些蔬菜都是精心挑选的，含有大量的天然维生素和矿物质。它给你能量而不让你增重。）”可知，故答案为Some restaurants hate their menus list the benefits of the dishes and drinks to encourage the customers to order more food and drink。Because some restaurants have already had their menus list the nutritional content and the benefits of their dishes and drinks.
29．考查个人观点。结合文章可推知，“因为食物好吃而吃”的观点是错误。理由言之有理即可。例如：In my opinion ,"Eating food because it's tasty" is out of date/fashion. Due to the development of industry, the pollution is becoming more serious, which threats our health. And people’s awareness of keeping fit has been increasing. People are developing healthy eating habits.
30．Ones that are effective and easy to talk to.
31．They need to understand students' views on machine teachers, their learning experiences with them and more.
32．According to the passage, it is the AI-based teaching assistants rather than teachers that can answer commonly asked questions by students.
33．AI is widely used in the field of transportation. Using AI, the navigation systems in cars and on cellphones are able to recommend the best routes based on real time traffic data. Also, AI can be used to make self-driving vehicles more convenient and much safer.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过调查设计出有效的机器教师，将人工智能融入教育。
30．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Some of their findings, published recently in the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, indicate that for students to accept an AI teaching assistant, it needs to be effective and easy to talk to.（最近发表在《国际人机交互杂志》上的一些研究结果表明，要让学生接受人工智能教学助手，它必须是有效且容易交谈的。）”可知，那些有效且容易沟通的人工智能助教能让学生轻松接受。故答案为Ones that are effective and easy to talk to.
31．考查细节理解。根据第三段该研究的主要作者Kim说的话“To use machine teachers effectively, we need to understand students’ views on machine teachers, their learning experiences with them and more（为了有效地使用机器教师，我们需要了解学生对机器教师的看法，他们与机器教师的学习经验，以及更多）”可知，研究人员需要了解学生对机器教师的看法，他们的学习经验和更多才能设计出有效的人工智能教学助手。故答案为：They need to understand students' views on machine teachers, their learning experiences with them and more.
32．考查细节理解。根据第五段“AI teaching assistants can help ease a teacher's workload, such as by responding to commonly asked questions by students.（人工智能助教可以帮助减轻老师的工作量，比如回答学生常见的问题。）”可知，可以回答学生常见问题的是基于人工智能的教学助手，而不是教师。故答案为：
According to the passage, it is the AI-based teaching assistants rather than teachers that can answer commonly asked questions by students.
33．开放题。考生可自由发挥。本文讲述了人工智能在教育方面的渗入，这题要求考生描述人工智能技术是如何应用于我们生活的不同领域的，可从我们衣食住行各方面着手，言之有理即可。样例为AI is widely used in the field of transportation. Using AI, the navigation systems in cars and on cellphones are able to recommend the best routes based on real time traffic data. Also, AI can be used to make self-driving vehicles more convenient and much safer.
34．Because the life-threatening disease has brought most of human activities across the globe to a standstill.
35．Vaccines have been developed against the coronavirus and, with a little “hope”, we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.
36．2020 is viewed as a bad year because of the spread of the pandemic and it is viewed totally negative.
According to the passage, 2020 brings us not only pandemic but also cooperation and hope.
37．略
【分析】这是一篇议论文。每年牛津词典都会提名一个词汇来描述过去的一年，2020年被它描述为“瘟疫”和“封锁”。而作者认为2020年虽然是糟糕的一年，但也带来了合作和希望，所以作者认为应该用“合作”和“希望”来描述2020年。
34．考查细节理解。根据第二段“the latter because the life-threatening disease has brought most of human activity across the globe to a standstill.”（后者是因为这种危及生命的疾病已经使全球大多数人类活动陷入停滞）可知，因为这种危及生命的疾病已经使全球范围内的大多数人类活动停滞不前，所以OED建议“封锁”。故答案为“Because the life-threatening disease has brought most of human activities across the globe to a standstill.”。
35．考查句意猜测。根据倒第二段Vaccines have been developed against the coronavirus and, with a little “hope”, we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.（对抗冠状病毒的疫苗已经研制出来，只要有一点“希望”，我们就能看到世界开始恢复正常）可知，作者说“我们开始看到隧道尽头的曙光了”的意思是“对抗冠状病毒的疫苗已经研制出来，只要有一点“希望”，我们就能看到世界开始恢复正常。”。故答案为Vaccines have been developed against the coronavirus and, with a little “hope”, we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.。
36．考查细节理解。根据第三段2020 has undeniably been a bad year, but I would like to describe it in a more positive way, so I nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year.（毋庸置疑，2020年是糟糕的一年，但我想用一种更积极的方式来描述它，所以我提名“合作”和“希望”作为我的年度词汇。）可知，虽然2020年是糟糕的一年，但它也带给了我们合作和希望。所以“it is viewed totally negative”是错误的。故答案为在“it is viewed totally negative”处画下划线，原因是“According to the passage, 2020 brings us not only pandemic but also cooperation and hope.”。
37．开放题。用一个词汇描述2020并给出原因，紧扣“希望”和“合作”的主题即可。
38．The 2019 study.
39．For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon.
40．Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment.
41．略
【分析】本文是一篇科学研究。文章通过研究两个患有糖尿病的男性在不同的运动时间下其新陈代谢的不同，来说明运动时间选择的重要性以及它对我们新陈代谢健康的影响，进一步说明我们应该适当的选好适合自己的锻炼时间，来改善身体状况。
38．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest.（2019年一项备受争议的研究发现，2型糖尿病患者在下午完成几分钟的高强度间歇训练后，两周后血糖控制得到了改善。营养和运动科学教授帕特里克·施劳文饶有兴趣地阅读了2019年的这项研究。）”可知，是2019年的这项研究促使施劳文教授进行这项与锻炼时间有关的研究的，故答案为The 2019 study.
39．考查细节理解。根据第三段“They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise.（他们发现下午锻炼的好处远远大于早晨锻炼的好处。）”以及第四段“This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier.（这项研究确实表明，下午锻炼对代谢紊乱的人可能比早些时候做同样的锻炼更有益。）”可知，教授的新研究发现对于一些人来讲，在下午运动会更好，故答案为For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon.
40．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. （顺便说一句，他和他的同事在他们之前的实验中有现成的数据来源。几年前，他们曾要求患有2型糖尿病的高风险成年男性每周在实验室骑3次固定自行车，持续12周，而研究人员则跟踪他们的代谢健康状况。”）可知，Schrauwen教授和他的同事没有收集任何新的数据来做研究。他们利用了自己先前实验中现成的数据来源，故答案为Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment.
41．开放题。表述自己的观点并解释原因。注意字数控制在40词左右。
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Digital Inclusion for Older Adults
As a researcher in the behavior of older adults, I regularly hear complaints from them like, “I’m just not part of this world anymore. In certain parts of society, I just can’t join… Some things just are not possible if you are not in the flow of the Internet.” or “We feel like we’re standing outside a building that we have no access to.”
Today, mastering digital technology has become a key component of what it means to fully participate in society. But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide.
As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say they’ve never used the Internet, and half don’t have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone else’s help to set up or use a new digital device.
In contrast to concerns about technology use increasing isolation(孤立；隔离) among younger populations, the communication and connection possible online can be especially valuable for older adults who are homebound, live far away from family, or have lost the loved ones. Older adults can use online tools to connect with friends and family via messaging platforms, video chat, and social media even if they can no longer physically visit them. And they can engage with the outside world through news, blogs, streaming platforms, and email, even if they are no longer able to move about as easily as they once could.
For older adults in particular, the risks associated with social isolation are profound. Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them.
The importance of digital inclusion is not going to disappear with the generational changes of the coming decades. Technology is continuously developing, and with each new digital innovation come challenges for even younger adults to adapt.
1．What prevents some older adults from connecting with society
2．What do the statistics in Paragraph 3 indicate
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
●Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline.
4．Please briefly present your opinion on digital inclusion. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
A Talented Dancer and Actor
Jamie Bell was 13 when he won the starring role of Billy Eliot in the movie. He was chosen from a talent search of over 2，000 children.
Jamie began dancing at the age of six after watching his older sister dance and accompanying her to competitions all over England. Once， while he was waiting for his sister to come on stage， he saw a gid dancing out of step. "I could do better than that，" he told his mother. So his mother bought him tap shoes and sent him off to classes.
Jamie grew up in a small town in northern England. Many people in Billingham，where Jamie grew up， did not think ballet was a manly thing to do，so Jamie didn't tell anyone about it. When his friends asked him out and he had a ballet lesson，he used to say he was going to see his grandmother or he had to go to the doctors. After they found out about his dancing，his close friends accepted it，but some of the other boys at his school teased him and called him names like "ballerina boy" and "girlie boy". "But most of that gave me more determination to do it，because I wanted to prove to them that ballet wasn't just for girls； it was for boys as well，" said Jamie who is now 15.
Since making Billy Eliot，Jamie has starred in another movie "Who goes there and has made guest appearances in several television shows." He has also acted in pantomimes. For the time being， however， his schoolwork is the most important thing in his life and he is busy studying for several important examinations.
5．When did Jamie start dancing？
________________
6．What did the people in Billingham think of ballet？
________________
7．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. After finding out about Jamie's dancing, his friends laughed at him.
________________
8．Do you know a person who has a strong will to achieve his/her aim？ Please give an example.（about 40 words）
________________
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Robots help us in many ways — from assembly lines to looking after the elderly. Now they’re turning their attention to coping with climate change by helping to plant trees.
Milrem Robotics, an Estonian company, has developed an autonomous robot forester. The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours. The robotic planters are equipped with Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) which uses laser pulses to build up three-dimensional image of the robots’ surroundings and global positioning (GPS) to navigate precisely. The position of each sapling is recorded in a database as it is planted, which means that a specialized brush cutter version of the robot forester can reduce competitive growth without harming the young trees.
The robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could used to restore natural forests, too. Deforestation (滥伐) contributes 15% of all global greenhouse gas emissions. Conservationists say, “We lose 10 million hectares of trees every year to agriculture and logging and we need to plant trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.” A mature tree can capture an average of 0.62 metric tons of carbon dioxide over its lifetime — equivalent to the carbon emissions from driving a car 2,400 kilometres. Tree planting is just one of a range of measures needed to fight climate change and scientists say it’s important to plant the right trees in the right place for it to be effective.
These robotic planters are just one of the many new solutions beginning to surface in time for the decade of delivery on climate change. We can do a lot to help in our daily life.
9．What is the robot forester capable of
10．According to conservationists, how can we help slow down climate change
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Milrem Robotics developed the autonomous robot foresters to help speed up deforestation.
12．Please state what you will do to help slow climate change (about 40 words)
阅读表达
Researchers found that women are overcome by a burning desire to share gossip (流言蜚语) as soon as they hear it. They will typically tell the secret to at least one other person in 47 hours. Depending on who the gossip is about, their boyfriend, husband, best friend or mother is most likely to be the recipients (接受者) of the information.
The study of 3,000 women aged between 18 and 65 also found that four out of ten admitted they were unable to keep a secret — no matter how personal or secret the news was. It was also found that alcohol usually gives us a helping hand to let out secrets — with more than half admitting a glass or two of wine could get them to dish the dirt.
Michael Cox, UK Director of Wines of Chile, said, “ It’s official that women can’t keep secrets. We are really eager to find out with this survey how many secrets people are told. What we don’t count on is how quickly these are passed on by those we trust. No matter how precious the piece of information is, it often comes out within 48 hours.”
Three quarters say they are able to keep quiet about a secret, and 83 percent consider themselves 100 percent reliable within each group of friends. Yet, four in ten admit gossiping to a close friend from another friendship group. Nearly half (45 percent) disclose secrets just for the weight to be lifted from their shoulders. More than four in ten think it is acceptable to share a friend’s secret with someone who doesn’t know him or her.
Private issues, true cost of purchases and affairs emerged top of the secret-keeping list, with girls most likely to share a secret chatting face-to-face, on the phone or via a text message. Fortunately, over a quarter (27 percent) said they forgot what they were told the following day.
13．Please explain the underlined words “ dish the dirt ” in English. (No more than 5 words.)
14．What makes women more likely pass on gossip (No more than 3 word.)
15．What kinds of secrets are women most interested in (No more than 10 words.)
16．Why do about half women tell secrets to others (No more than 10 words.)
17．Should women tell secrets to others or keep secrets Please give your opinions and reasons. (No more than 25 words.)
阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals.
Psychologists have a wide variety of ways of describing and differentiating motivations because people care about so many different things. Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people: achievement (the feeling of success), affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world). Authors Adrian Gostick and Chester Elton identified 23 motivations, including creativity, challenge and learning.
Some motivations, such as money, social position and praise, are external; these are the tools bosses typically use to encourage their employees to do better. Other motivations, including fun, personal growth and feeling like one’s work is significant, come from within the person doing the action. These ideals, called internal motivations, tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.
Since a wide variety of motivations exist, it’s important to understand which ones are persuasive to you. Trying to motivate yourself in a way that doesn’t appeal to you will make it difficult to convince yourself to work. When choosing a career, think about what motivates you and make decisions accordingly. If you are motivated by overcoming challenges, look for a career where you can continually try hard to reach a higher level.
People motivated by external rewards sometimes struggle to meet goals they set for themselves that no one else knows about. They can solve this problem by creating external rewards for their personal goals such as finding a friend to hold them accountable.
When you know what motivates you, you will be able to motivate yourself to do the things necessary to succeed. And if you are a leader, knowing what motivates your team will enable you to help them do the same.
18．Why is it important for people to be clear of their motivations
19．How can the motivations be classified according to McClelland
20．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones.
21．Please briefly present what motivates you in your life and how it works. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Today, technological advances are rapidly making it possible to automate much of the work currently carried out by humans. This applies to both blue-collar jobs through robotics and the Internet of things,and white-collar work through artificial intelligence，the wide applicability of these technologies has led to broad concern about the destruction of jobs. Indeed, according to a 2014 Oxford study, 47% of jobs in the US could be replaced. By automated processes in the next two decades.
Of course. As many have noted, while technology has always removed the need for some types of jobs, it also creates new ones. Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency. The Industrial Revolution destroyed some jobs but created many more. It also increased the total wealth of society and began to create a middle class who could enjoy health, education and other benefits that previously had been available only to the wealthiest. It can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities, which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is. But nine of the top ten most in-demand jobs of 2012 didn't exist in 2003, suggesting that this latest revolution is creating new employment opportunities.
For many, this picture is overly optimistic. The new jobs require a completely different skills set —you can't turn an assembly plant worker into a data scientist overnight. Others are concerned that we are facing a permanent reduction in the need for human labor. Science fiction has long imagined a future where we no longer have to work and can spend our time on more noble pursuits. Could it be that we are reaching that inflection point in human history, if we are Neither our social norms nor our economic systems are ready for it. Today, self-worth is inherently tied up with jobs，professions，careers and trades.
22．How is white-collar work automated by technology
23．What is technology according to the passage
24．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It is obviously optimistic to predict the types and quantities of jobs that this new revolution will create. .
25．Please briefly present the benefits that technological advances bring to you. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
When I was at school, our teacher used to tell the class: "You are what you eat." Actually, he was trying to show us the importance of eating the right food to stay healthy. And there are clear proofs that you become what you eat.
Japanese people are considered to be the healthiest in the world because of the food they eat. Most of them eat rice and fish and vegetables every day. They drink green tea or water when they're thirsty, and snack on dried fish, fruit or ginkgo nuts. This tradition diet helps them live a longer and healthier life.
Food has great effect on our physical and emotional health. Have you ever heard any of the following advice
·Lettuce(生菜)or milk can make you sleepy.
·To stop feeling sleepy, you should eat dried fish.
·To keep your teeth clean, you should eat apples often.
·Garlic helps you not to catch cold.
But some advice may be contradictory to each other. While some people say “eating chocolate makes you fat and gives you spots", some others say “chocolate contains the essential minerals like iron and magnesium(镁).” In this case, what you need to do is to figure out what type of chocolate and how much of it to eat.
Some restaurants have already had their menus list the nutritional content and the benefits of their dishes and drinks. Let's take the restaurant “Winners” as an example. Its dishes are specifically designed to help people win sports competitions. There is a typical Night before dish, a vegetable lasagne(宽面条)with rich tomato sauce full of vitamin and soft, easy-to-digest vegetables, which is lopped with a little fresh cheese—just enough to help you get a good night's sleep. Or you can choose the Go-faster salad, which is a large bowl of mixed raw vegetables in a light salad dressing. The vegetables are carefully chosen to include plenty of natural vitamins and minerals. It gives you energy without making you gain weight.
The concept of eating food only because it's tasty is going out of fashion. And food producers are changing. Cola companies are making sugar-free and caffeine-free drinks. Food companies are making cookies with dried fruit because it is healthier. So in the future you might be able to eat your way to your idea of perfection.
26．Why do Japanese people live a longer and healthier life
27．What advice does the author give on eating chocolate
28．Please decide which part of the following statement is false，then underline it and explain why.
Some restaurants hate their menus list the benefits of the dishes and drinks to encourage the customers to order more food and drink.
29．What do you think about the concept of "eating food because it's tasty" Please give your reasons.（about 40 words）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
The increase in online education has allowed a new type of teacher to emerge—an artificial one. But just how accepting students are of an artificial instructor remains to be seen. That’s why researchers at the University of Central Florida’s Nicholson School of Communication and Media are working to examine student perceptions of AI-based teachers. Some of their findings, published recently in the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, indicate that for students to accept an AI teaching assistant, it needs to be effective and easy to talk to.
According to Jihyun Kim, the lead author of the study, the hope is that by understanding how students relate to Al-teachers, engineers and computer scientists can design them to easily integrate into the education experience.
“To use machine teachers effectively, we need to understand students’ views on machine teachers, their learning experiences with them and more,” Kim says. “This line of research is needed to design effective machine teachers that can actually facilitate positive learning experiences.”
AI teaching assistants can help ease a teacher's workload, such as by responding to commonly asked questions by students. These questions, which often appear each semester and become numerous in online classes with hundreds of students, can become a large task for a teacher. The quick delivery of answers also helps students.
An example of an AI teaching assistant is one named Jill Watson that was created by a researcher at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Jill was fed the thousands of questions and answers commonly asked in the researcher’s online class that he’d taught over the years. With some additional learning and adjustments, Jill was eventually able to answer the students’ commonly asked questions accurately without any human assistance as if she was one of the researcher’s human teaching assistants.
“I hope our research findings help us find an effective way to incorporate AI agents into education,” Kim says. “By adopting an AI agent as an assistant for a simple and repetitive task, teachers would be able to have more things scheduled such as meeting with students and developing teaching strategies.”
30．What kind of AI teaching assistants can students easily accept
31．What do researchers need to do to design effective AI teaching assistants
32．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
With the help of Al-based teaching assistants, human teachers can not only be relieved from heavy work but also have more time to answer commonly asked questions by students.
33．Explain how AI technology can be used in a different field in our life. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
EACH DECEMBER, the Oxford English Dictionary(OED)nominates(提名)a word describe the year which had just passed. In 2019, the OED needed two words: climate; emergency. For 2020, there was another kind of emergency-COVID-19- but this time he OED needed forty words to describe it. Yes, 2020 has been a very unusual year that hasn't been easy to describe.
Two of the obvious words the OED has suggested have been “pandemic” and “lockdown”. The former appeared, of course, because COVID-19 has spread around the world, and the latter because the life-threatening disease has brought most of human activity across the globe to a standstill. Businesses have been closed, travel stopped, and people have had to stay in their homes for weeks or even months on end.
2020 has undeniably been a bad year, but I would like to describe it in a more positive way, so I nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year.
As the pandemic began to spread, there was a great deal of cooperation between countries and international health organizations. They shared information about the virus and how it could be contained. And countries shared medical supplies and equipment with other countries which needed them. China took a leading role in this effort by sending masks and protective clothing to Canada, the United States and Europe, as well as to countries in the Middle East and Africa. Without this cooperation, the pandemic, bad as it has been, could have been much worse.
And that brings me to my second word: hope. Even though COVID-19 is still around and will continue to affect our daily lives for at least a little longer, we are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel. Vaccines have been developed against the coronavirus and, with a little “hope”, we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.
2020 is over; 2021 awaits us. With “cooperation” and “hope”, it should make for a wonderful year.
34．Why has the OED suggested “lockdown”
35．What does the author mean by “we are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel” in Paragraph 5
36．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
2020 is viewed as a bad year because of the spread of the pandemic and it is viewed totally negative.
37．Which word would you nominate to describe 2020 except the words mentioned in this article And why (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Is it better for our bodies to work out at certain times of the day Scientists have known for some time that every tissue in our bodies contains a kind of biological clock that goes off in response to messages related to our daily exposure to light, food and sleep.
However, whether and how exercise timing might influence metabolic (新陈代谢的) health has been less clear, and the results of past experiments have not always agreed. A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest. He had been studying exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes, but had not considered the possible role of timing. Now, seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts, he wondered if the timing of workouts might similarly affect how the workouts changed people’s metabolisms.
Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. They also had noted when the riders showed up for their workouts. The researchers pulled data for the 12 men who consistently had worked out between 8 and 10 a.m. and compared them with another 20 who always exercised between 3 and 6 p.m. They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise.
He says, “This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier. The particular and most effective exercise for each of us will line up with our daily routines and exercise tendencies because exercise is good for us at any time of day—but only if we choose to keep doing it.”
38．What inspired Professor Schrauwen to carry out the research related to the timing of workouts
39．What did Schrauwen’s new study figure out
40．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
41．When do you think is the best time for you to exercise Why (about 40 words)
参考答案：
1．The digital divide.
2．The problem of the digital divide among older adults is serious/ common.
3．●Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline.
According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them.
4．略
【分析】这是一篇说明文。今天，掌握数字技术已经成为全面参与社会的重要组成部分。但有一个领域尤其有可能阻止一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟。老年人中的数字鸿沟问题非常严重，作者认为我们需要用数字融入来帮助老年人使用数字技术融入社会，降低抑郁症和功能衰退的风险。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide.”（但有一个领域尤其有可能阻止一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟。）可知，数字鸿沟阻止了一些老年人和社会建立联系。故答案为The digital divide.。
2．考查推理判断。根据第三段“As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say they’ve never used the Internet, and half don’t have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone else’s help to set up or use a new digital device.”（最近的一项研究显示，65岁及以上的成年人中，有三分之一的人说他们从未使用过互联网，有一半的人在家里无法上网。在使用互联网的人中，近一半的人说他们需要别人的帮助来安装或使用新的数字设备。）可知，第三段的数据表明在老人之中上网有困难的比例非常大，这就说明老人之中的数字鸿沟问题非常严重或普遍。故答案为The problem of the digital divide among older adults is serious/common.。
3．考查推理判断。根据倒第二段第二句和第三句“Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them.”（老年人中的孤独与抑郁、功能衰退和死亡有关。技术可以作为帮助降低这些风险的重要工具，但前提是我们向老年人提供他们所需的技能，让他们能够进入数字世界。）可知，让老年人接触数字世界有助于减少抑郁症和功能衰退的风险，而不是从中恢复。所以“recover from”错误，应在此处画下划线。故答案为According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them.。
4．考查开放性回答。回答问题时，需要简要表述考生对数字融入的观点，注意答案字数应控制在40个单词左右。
5．Jamie began dancing at the age of six.
6．They did not think ballet was a manly thing to do.
7．After finding out about Jamie's dancing, his friends laughed at him. Because his close friends accepted it, didn't laugh at him.
8．Yes. When Helen Keller was more than one year old， her eyes couldn't see and ears couldn't hear because of her high fever. However, with her perseverance， she mastered English， French and German.
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了杰米六岁时开始跳舞，但那时在白金汉许多人认为芭蕾舞不是一件有男子气概的事。但是他非常努力，杰米 贝尔13岁时赢得了电影中比利 艾略特的主演。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Jamie began dancing at the age of six after watching his older sister dance and accompanying her to competitions all over England. ”杰米六岁时开始跳舞，在那之前，他看到他的姐姐跳舞，并陪她参加了全英格兰的比赛。可知杰米六岁开始跳舞的。故答为Jamie began dancing at the age of six.
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Many people in Billingham，where Jamie grew up， did not think ballet was a manly thing to do，so Jamie didn't tell anyone about it.”在杰米在白金汉长大，许多人认为芭蕾舞不是一件有男子气概的事，所以杰米没有告诉任何人。 可知在白金汉许多人认为芭蕾舞不是一件有男子气概的事。故答为They did not think ballet was a manly thing to do.
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“After they found out about his dancing，his close friends accepted it，but some of the other boys at his school teased him and called him names like "ballerina boy" and "girlie boy.”他们发现他跳舞后，他的好朋友们接受了，但是学校里的其他男生取笑他，叫他“芭蕾舞男孩”和“小妞男孩”。 可知在发现他跳舞后，他的好朋友们接受了，并没有嘲笑他。故答案为：After finding out about Jamie's dancing， his friends laughed at him. Because his close friends accepted it， didn't laugh at him.
8．开放式题目。这是一道开放式题目，只要合情合理即可。所以可以填：海伦凯乐一岁多的时候，因为发高烧，她的眼睛看不到，耳朵听不到，但是她以自强不息的顽强毅力，掌握了英、法、德等五国语言。 故回答为：Yes. When Helen Keller was more than one year old， her eyes couldn't see and ears couldn't hear because of her high fever. However， with her perseverance， she mastered English， French and German.
9．Planting a hectare of trees in under six hours./ Planting a hectare of forest in less than six hours./ The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours.
10．By planting a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss./ We need to plant a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.
11．Milrem Robotics developed the autonomous robot foresters to help speed up deforestation./ According to the passage, the robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could used to restore natural forests instead of helping speed up deforestation.
12．As a student, I actively play my part in slowing climate change. On the one hand, I clearly know paper is made from wood, so I always use both sides of the paper and avoid leaving a lot white space on the page to reduce forest cutting. On the other hand, I usually ride a bike or take a public transport instead of driving for a short distance.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Estonian公司开发的一种自主机器人森林管理员的功能与用途。
9．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours.（新的机器人森林管理员可以在不到六小时内种植一公顷森林。）”可知，机器人森林管理员可以在六小时内种下一公顷的森林。故答案为Planting a hectare of trees in under six hours./ Planting a hectare of forest in less than six hours./ The new robot forester can plant a hectare of forest in less than six hours.
10．考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段“Conservationists say, “We lose 10 million hectares of trees every year to agriculture and logging and we need to plant trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.”（ 环保人士说，“我们每年因农业和伐木而损失1000万公顷的树木，我们需要种植数以万亿计的树木来扭转森林覆盖率的损失，以帮助减缓气候变化。”）”可知，环保人士认为，我们需要种植一万亿棵树来扭转森林覆盖率的下降，以帮助减缓气候变化。故答案为By planting a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss./ We need to plant a trillion trees to reverse forest cover loss to help slow down climate change.
11．考查推理判断。根据文章第二段“The position of each sapling is recorded in a database as it is planted, which means that a specialized brush cutter version of the robot forester can reduce competitive growth without harming the young trees.（每棵树苗的位置都记录在一个数据库中，因为它是种植，这意味着一个专门的灌木切割机版本的机器人林业可以减少竞争性增长而不伤害幼树。）”以及文章第三段“The robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could used to restore natural forests, too.（这个机器人是为在商业森林中工作而设计的，它也可以用来恢复天然森林。）”可推知，机器人森林管理员是为在商业森林中工作而设计的，它可以用来恢复天然森林，而不是帮助加速砍伐森林。所以本题中“to help speed up deforestation（以帮助加速森林砍伐）”是错误的。故答案为Milrem Robotics developed the autonomous robot foresters to help speed up deforestation./ According to the passage, the robot forester is designed for working in commercial forests and it could used to restore natural forests instead of helping speed up deforestation.
12．主观题，答案不唯一。供参考答案为：As a student, I actively play my part in slowing climate change. On the one hand, I clearly know paper is made from wood, so I always use both sides of the paper and avoid leaving a lot white space on the page to reduce forest cutting. On the other hand, I usually ride a bike or take a public transport instead of driving for a short distance.
13．Tell secrets to others. / Let out secrets. / Disclose secrets.
14．Drinking wine. / A glass of wine. / Alcohol.
15．Private issues, true cost of purchases and affairs.
16．Because they think it can reduce pressure. / It can lift the weight from their shoulders./To lift the weight from their shoulders. / For the weight to be lifted from their shoulders.
17．I think women should keep secrets because spreading gossip may cause lots of trouble and harm the relations between people./ I think women should keep secrets. It’s helpful to their friends’ trust in them. /(This helps them to keep a friendship.)
【分析】这是一篇说明文。调查者发现很多女人很难保守秘密，并对这种现象分析了原因。
13．词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“alcohol usually gives us a helping hand to let out secrets(酒精通常会帮助我们泄露秘密)”可知，“dish the dirt”意为“泄露秘密”。表示“泄露”可用let out或disclose，“泄露秘密”也可以表示为“把秘密告诉别人”，所以也可用tell secrets to others。且根据要求，答案字数不超过五个单词。故答案为Tell secrets to others. / Let out secrets. / Disclose secrets.
14．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“alcohol usually gives us a helping hand to let out secrets(酒精通常会帮助我们泄露秘密)”可知，酒精让女人更有可能传递流言，也可以说喝酒或一杯酒可以让女人更有可能传递流言。根据要求可知，答案字数不能超过三个单词。故答案为Drinking wine. / A glass of wine. / Alcohol.
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Private issues, true cost of purchases and affairs emerged top of the secret-keeping list, with girls most likely to share a secret chatting face-to-face, on the phone or via a text message.(私人问题、真实消费和婚外情排在了保密名单的首位，女孩们最有可能通过面对面聊天、打电话或发短信来分享秘密)”可知，私人问题、真实消费和婚外情是女人最感兴趣的秘密。根据要求可知，答案字数不能超过10个单词。故答案为Private issues, true cost of purchases and affairs.
16．细节理解题。根据倒第二段倒第二句“Nearly half (45 percent) disclose secrets just for the weight to be lifted from their shoulders. (近一半（45%）的女性透露秘密只是为了减轻压力)”可知，大约一半的女人泄露秘密是为了减轻压力。根据要求可知，答案长度不可超过10个单词。故答案为Because they think it can reduce pressure. / It can lift the weight from their shoulders./To lift the weight from their shoulders. / For the weight to be lifted from their shoulders.
17．开放性试题。考生需先表明自己的观点，再说明原因。注意答案长度要求不超过25个单词。参考答案为I think women should keep secrets because spreading gossip may cause lots of trouble and harm the relations between people./ I think women should keep secrets. It’s helpful to their friends’ trust in them. /(This helps them to keep a friendship.)
18．Because knowing what motivates people can help them find meaning in their work and make efforts to reach their goals.
19．He classified them into 3 main motivations: achievement, affiliation and power.
20．Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones.
In the text, the author points out that internal motivations tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.
21．言之有理即可
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍知道自己工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标。心理学家有各种各样的方法来描述和区分动机。文章主要介绍了David McClelland确定的人们的三个主要动机：成功的感觉，亲密的关系和影响世界的能力。
18．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals.（为什么你每天早上都要从床上爬起来去上班或上学 怎样才能让你觉得自己在这些地方的贡献是值得的 知道自己工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标。）”可知，知道工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标，故答案为Because knowing what motivates people can help them find meaning in their work and make efforts to reach their goals.
19．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第二句“Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people: achievement (the feeling of success), affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world).（心理学家David McClelland确定了人们的三个主要动机:成就(成功的感觉)，归属(亲密的关系)和权力(影响世界的能力)。）”可知，David McClelland确定了人们的三个主要动机就是，成就(成功的感觉)，归属(亲密的关系)和权力(影响世界的能力)，故答案为He classified them into 3 main motivations: achievement, affiliation and power.
20．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段最后一句“These ideals, called internal motivations, tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.（这些理想被称为内部动机，往往比外部动机更可靠，因为它们代表着永远不能被拿走的东西。）”可知，文章指出内部动机往往比外部动机更可靠，因为它们代表的东西永远不能被拿走，故答案为Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones.
In the text, the author points out that internal motivations tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.
21．开放题。回答时先说出自己生活中的动机，然后再陈述是它是如何影响你的。答案言之有理即可。
22．Through artificial intelligence.
23．Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency.
24．It is obviously optimistic to predict the types and quantities of jobs that this new revolution will create.
According to the passage, it can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities, which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is.
25．With the development of Internet, plenty of digital resources are available to me. Everything is at the touch of a fingertip, so I can easily and quickly access whatever I am interested in and expand my minds by immersing myself in high quality resources.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍技术的进步使实现自动化成为可能。技术的进步消除了对某些类型工作的需求，同时也创造了新的工作。
22．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中“...making it possible to automate much of the work currently carried out by humans. This applies to both blue-collar jobs through robotics and the Internet of things, and white-collar work through artificial intelligence.（这使由人类完成的工作实现自动化成为可能。这既适用于通过机器人和物联网实现的蓝领工作，也适用于通过人工智能实现的白领工作。）”可知，今天的科技是通过人工智能使白领工作实现自动化。故答案为Through artificial intelligence.。
23．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中“Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency.”可知，科技是我们用不同的方法来提高效率的工具。故答案为Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency.。
24．考查推理判断。文章第二段中提到“It can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities , which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is.（要预测这场新革命将创造什么样的工作机会，以及创造多少工作机会是具有挑战性的。这使得情况看起来比实际情况更糟。）”。根据“It can be challenging…”可以推断，“It is obviously optimistic…（这显然是很乐观的……）”是不正确的。故答案为It is obviously optimistic to predict the types and quantities of jobs that this new revolution will create. /According to the passage, it can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities, which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is.。
25．本题为主观题，答案不唯一。题目要求简要介绍技术进步带来的好处，可以介绍网络的发展给我们生活带来便利的一方面，比如我们很容易就可以获得大量的数字资源。故答案为With the development of Internet, plenty of digital resources are available to me. Everything is at the touch of a fingertip, so I can easily and quickly access whatever I are interested in and expand my minds by immersing myself in high quality resources.。
26．Because they eat healthily.
27．The author advises eating the right type of chocolate and proper amount.
28．Some restaurants hate their menus list the benefits of the dishes and drinks to encourage the customers to order more food and drink.
Because some restaurants have already had their menus list the nutritional content and the benefits of their dishes and drinks.
29．In my opinion ,"Eating food because it's tasty" is out of date/fashion. Due to the development of industry, the pollution is becoming more serious, which threats our health. And people’s awareness of keeping fit has been increasing. People are developing healthy eating habits.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。以好吃为标准的饮食已经落伍了，应该讲究健康饮食，并列举了一些健康饮食的例子。
26．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Japanese people are considered to be the healthiest in the world because of the food they eat. Most of them eat rice and fish and vegetables every day. They drink green tea or water when they're thirsty, and snack on dried fish, fruit or ginkgo nuts. This tradition diet helps them live a longer and healthier life. （日本人被认为是世界上最健康的人，因为他们吃的食物。他们中的大多数人每天吃米饭、鱼和蔬菜。他们口渴时喝绿茶或水，吃些鱼干、水果或银杏果当零食。这种传统饮食有助于他们活得更长更健康。）”可知，日本人更长寿健康，因为他们每天吃米饭、鱼和蔬菜。他们口渴时喝绿茶或水，吃些鱼干、水果或银杏果当零食,即他们吃得很健康。故答案为Because they eat healthily。
27．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“In this case, what you need to do is to figure out what type of chocolate and how much of it to eat.（在这种情况下，你需要做的是弄清楚要吃什么类型的巧克力以及要吃多少。）”可知，作者建议应注意吃巧克力的种类及量。故答案为The author advises eating the right type of chocolate and proper amount。
28．考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some restaurants have already had their menus list the nutritional content and the benefits of their dishes and drinks.（一些餐馆已经在他们的菜单上列出了菜肴和饮料的营养成分和益处。）”及“The vegetables are carefully chosen to include plenty of natural vitamins and minerals. It gives you energy without making you gain weight.（这些蔬菜都是精心挑选的，含有大量的天然维生素和矿物质。它给你能量而不让你增重。）”可知，故答案为Some restaurants hate their menus list the benefits of the dishes and drinks to encourage the customers to order more food and drink。Because some restaurants have already had their menus list the nutritional content and the benefits of their dishes and drinks.
29．考查个人观点。结合文章可推知，“因为食物好吃而吃”的观点是错误。理由言之有理即可。例如：In my opinion ,"Eating food because it's tasty" is out of date/fashion. Due to the development of industry, the pollution is becoming more serious, which threats our health. And people’s awareness of keeping fit has been increasing. People are developing healthy eating habits.
30．Ones that are effective and easy to talk to.
31．They need to understand students' views on machine teachers, their learning experiences with them and more.
32．According to the passage, it is the AI-based teaching assistants rather than teachers that can answer commonly asked questions by students.
33．AI is widely used in the field of transportation. Using AI, the navigation systems in cars and on cellphones are able to recommend the best routes based on real time traffic data. Also, AI can be used to make self-driving vehicles more convenient and much safer.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过调查设计出有效的机器教师，将人工智能融入教育。
30．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Some of their findings, published recently in the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, indicate that for students to accept an AI teaching assistant, it needs to be effective and easy to talk to.（最近发表在《国际人机交互杂志》上的一些研究结果表明，要让学生接受人工智能教学助手，它必须是有效且容易交谈的。）”可知，那些有效且容易沟通的人工智能助教能让学生轻松接受。故答案为Ones that are effective and easy to talk to.
31．考查细节理解。根据第三段该研究的主要作者Kim说的话“To use machine teachers effectively, we need to understand students’ views on machine teachers, their learning experiences with them and more（为了有效地使用机器教师，我们需要了解学生对机器教师的看法，他们与机器教师的学习经验，以及更多）”可知，研究人员需要了解学生对机器教师的看法，他们的学习经验和更多才能设计出有效的人工智能教学助手。故答案为：They need to understand students' views on machine teachers, their learning experiences with them and more.
32．考查细节理解。根据第五段“AI teaching assistants can help ease a teacher's workload, such as by responding to commonly asked questions by students.（人工智能助教可以帮助减轻老师的工作量，比如回答学生常见的问题。）”可知，可以回答学生常见问题的是基于人工智能的教学助手，而不是教师。故答案为：
According to the passage, it is the AI-based teaching assistants rather than teachers that can answer commonly asked questions by students.
33．开放题。考生可自由发挥。本文讲述了人工智能在教育方面的渗入，这题要求考生描述人工智能技术是如何应用于我们生活的不同领域的，可从我们衣食住行各方面着手，言之有理即可。样例为AI is widely used in the field of transportation. Using AI, the navigation systems in cars and on cellphones are able to recommend the best routes based on real time traffic data. Also, AI can be used to make self-driving vehicles more convenient and much safer.
34．Because the life-threatening disease has brought most of human activities across the globe to a standstill.
35．Vaccines have been developed against the coronavirus and, with a little “hope”, we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.
36．2020 is viewed as a bad year because of the spread of the pandemic and it is viewed totally negative.
According to the passage, 2020 brings us not only pandemic but also cooperation and hope.
37．略
【分析】这是一篇议论文。每年牛津词典都会提名一个词汇来描述过去的一年，2020年被它描述为“瘟疫”和“封锁”。而作者认为2020年虽然是糟糕的一年，但也带来了合作和希望，所以作者认为应该用“合作”和“希望”来描述2020年。
34．考查细节理解。根据第二段“the latter because the life-threatening disease has brought most of human activity across the globe to a standstill.”（后者是因为这种危及生命的疾病已经使全球大多数人类活动陷入停滞）可知，因为这种危及生命的疾病已经使全球范围内的大多数人类活动停滞不前，所以OED建议“封锁”。故答案为“Because the life-threatening disease has brought most of human activities across the globe to a standstill.”。
35．考查句意猜测。根据倒第二段Vaccines have been developed against the coronavirus and, with a little “hope”, we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.（对抗冠状病毒的疫苗已经研制出来，只要有一点“希望”，我们就能看到世界开始恢复正常）可知，作者说“我们开始看到隧道尽头的曙光了”的意思是“对抗冠状病毒的疫苗已经研制出来，只要有一点“希望”，我们就能看到世界开始恢复正常。”。故答案为Vaccines have been developed against the coronavirus and, with a little “hope”, we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.。
36．考查细节理解。根据第三段2020 has undeniably been a bad year, but I would like to describe it in a more positive way, so I nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year.（毋庸置疑，2020年是糟糕的一年，但我想用一种更积极的方式来描述它，所以我提名“合作”和“希望”作为我的年度词汇。）可知，虽然2020年是糟糕的一年，但它也带给了我们合作和希望。所以“it is viewed totally negative”是错误的。故答案为在“it is viewed totally negative”处画下划线，原因是“According to the passage, 2020 brings us not only pandemic but also cooperation and hope.”。
37．开放题。用一个词汇描述2020并给出原因，紧扣“希望”和“合作”的主题即可。
38．The 2019 study.
39．For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon.
40．Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment.
41．略
【分析】本文是一篇科学研究。文章通过研究两个患有糖尿病的男性在不同的运动时间下其新陈代谢的不同，来说明运动时间选择的重要性以及它对我们新陈代谢健康的影响，进一步说明我们应该适当的选好适合自己的锻炼时间，来改善身体状况。
38．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest.（2019年一项备受争议的研究发现，2型糖尿病患者在下午完成几分钟的高强度间歇训练后，两周后血糖控制得到了改善。营养和运动科学教授帕特里克·施劳文饶有兴趣地阅读了2019年的这项研究。）”可知，是2019年的这项研究促使施劳文教授进行这项与锻炼时间有关的研究的，故答案为The 2019 study.
39．考查细节理解。根据第三段“They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise.（他们发现下午锻炼的好处远远大于早晨锻炼的好处。）”以及第四段“This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier.（这项研究确实表明，下午锻炼对代谢紊乱的人可能比早些时候做同样的锻炼更有益。）”可知，教授的新研究发现对于一些人来讲，在下午运动会更好，故答案为For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon.
40．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. （顺便说一句，他和他的同事在他们之前的实验中有现成的数据来源。几年前，他们曾要求患有2型糖尿病的高风险成年男性每周在实验室骑3次固定自行车，持续12周，而研究人员则跟踪他们的代谢健康状况。”）可知，Schrauwen教授和他的同事没有收集任何新的数据来做研究。他们利用了自己先前实验中现成的数据来源，故答案为Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment.
41．开放题。表述自己的观点并解释原因。注意字数控制在40词左右。