专题11 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题11.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练201
9.【辽宁六校2022~2023学年上高三初考】
Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of our country’s persistent problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than toss your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip caters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lay’s, and other favorites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they sanitize (消毒) the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use padding and liners from old coats to line the insides.
It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around,” Oleita told the Detroit News. Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags.
Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she said.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of recycling bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental injustice and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita said, “I think it’s time to show connections between all of these issues.”
4. What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A. How they make the sleeping bags. B. Why they sanitize the chip bags.
C. Where they collect the chip bags. D. What they use to line the insides.
5. What do the numbers in paragraph 3 show
A. The new sleeping bags have many benefits.
B. A lot of effort is put into making the sleeping bags.
C. People consume a large quantity of chips every day.
D. People are aware of the importance of environmental protection.
6. Why do the volunteers make rather than simply buy sleeping bags
A. They wish they could earn better life.
B. They think it is difficult to raise a lot of money.
C. They aim to help the homeless by recycling waste.
D. They want to find a simpler way to help the homeless.
7. What can we infer from the passage
A. Recycling chip bags can remove poverty.
B. The new sleeping bags have been put into wide use.
C. Few chip bags will end up in the trash in the country.
D. Environmental injustice and poverty are usually closely connected.
阅读理解专练202
10.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】
Anne Lacaton and Jean-Phippe Vassal, this year’s Pritzker Prize winners, were as surprised as anyone else when the most famous award in architecture was made public yesterday.
“Of course it’s very pleasant, and we are very pleased,”Lacaton said at a conference with her partner, both smiling broadly from their black eyeglasses.
Putting aside their eyeglasses, Lacaton and Vassal could not be more different from an earlier generation of Pritzker winners, known for their easily recognizable styles and grand work. Instead, the two apply their simple guideline to their work on old urban buildings for low-income families: Never destroy, never remove or replace, always add, transform, and reuse!
When Lacaton and Vassal were asked to redesign a particularly large and over-crowded public housing block in Bordeaux in 2017, the residents (居民) told them they could not afford to move, even temporarily, but they wanted bigger units. Their solution was to replace the folding wooden front door with sliding glass door to each unit and painted the ugly walls with something bright. Suddenly, everyone had roomy outdoor space, some of which could be used during the winter as “winter gardens.”
“So, people can not only get sun and light and spend time with family, but it’s also open to neighbors,” Columbia University architecture professor Mabel Wilson.“I would love to live in one of the apartments t they’ve redesigned.”
Their approach of cheap and creative re-adaption could be a model for urban planning in the US, Wilson adds, where destruction has been seen as a solution to old public housing in such cities as Chicago and St. Louis.
There’s a lot of violence in architecture and urbanism. We try to be precise. We try to work with kindness,” Lacaton once explained.“Buildings are beautiful when people feel well in them, when the light inside is beautiful and the air is pleasant, when the exchange with the outside seems easy and gentle, and when uses and sensations are unexpected,”
Lacaton and Vassal started their firm in Paris in 1987. Together, they worked primarily in France.
4. Why are Lacaton’s and Vassal’s eyeglasses mentioned in paragraph 3
A. To draw readers attention to their unusual color.
B. To show that Pritzker Prize winners need eyeglasses.
C. To tell us how surprised and happy they are for the prize
D. To stress their only possible similarity with other Pritzker winners.
5. What did Lacaton and Vassal do in the Bordeaux public housing project
A. They built winter gardens in the outdoor space.
B. They destroyed the walls to provide more space.
C. They just changed the doors and repainted the walls.
D. They provided bigger temporary rooms for the residents.
6. What have Lacaton and Vassal most probably done to win the Pritzker Prize
A. They have built many public houses with unique styles.
B. They have designed various famous buildings in the world.
C. They have provided free services for poor families in the US.
D. They have tried to transform old urban buildings with kindness.
7. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Architecture. B. Environment. C. Lifestyle. D. Politics.
阅读理解专练203
On October 12,2021,China officially announced its first five national parks, which are homes to endangered species ranging from the Siberian tigers on the Russian border to the world’s last 30 Hainan black crested gibbons(黑冠长臂猿)in southern China’s tropical rainforest.
By uniting hundreds of protected areas managed by various provinces, the new national park system’s goal is to strengthen conservation under the central authority of the new National Forestry and Grassland Administration(NFGA)
These five parks cover an area two-third the size of the US national park system. The largest, Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai Province, is almost the size of Mississippi.
With such an ambitious plan, there are bound to be challenges. For one the government has to balance the need for the livelihoods of the locals with wildlife conservation. It has not announced a plan to create a permitting system that would regulate how people enjoy nature. What’s more,ecotourism-which is defined as tourism that benefits both locals and their environment-only exists in a fifth of China’s nature reserves.
But there’s hope that the existing ecotourism projects in such nature reserves as Sanjiangyuan National Park and Wolong Nature Reserve will inspire efforts elsewhere in the new park system. Since 2018, Sanjiangyuan National Park has run a community-led tourism program that benefits both locals and snow leopards(豹), the park’s main tourist draw. For $43 a day, visitors can stay with local families, who act as guides to spot these rare “cats” in the wild.
“The community has made all the major decisions, and 100 percent of the income stays in the community. It’s been incredibly successful,” says Marc Brody, who has worked in China since 1994.
NFGA agrees that well-designed ecotourism can improve local ecosystems. It says that a core mission(核心使命)of China’s national parks is to promote eco-civilizationa mission that can be advanced by involving visitors Written into China’s constitution(宪法)in 2012, eco-civilization means scientifically balancing the economic development and the environmental protection.
8. Which park is home to the thirty endangered gibbons
A. Hainan National Park. B. Wolong Nature Reserve.
C. Northeast National Park. D. Sanjiangyuan National Park.
9. What can be learned about Sanjiangyuan National Park
A. It is bigger than Mississippi. B. It sits on the Russian border.
C. It is a pioneer in ecotourism. D. It has a mature permitting system.
10. Which word best describes Marc Brody’s attitude to ecotourism
A. Skeptical. B. Unconcerned C. Disapproving D. Positive
11. What is the main purpose of China’s national parks
A. To protect the endangered animals.
B. To help the local people out of poverty.
C. To balance the economy and the environment.
D. To set a better development example for the world.
阅读理解专练204
11.【浙江省2023届A9协作体暑假返校联考高三英语试题】
Photographer Rebecca Douglas has always been crazy about the night sky. Her love of the stars has taken the UK resident on "star walking" trips to Iceland and into the Arctic. For nature lovers like Douglas, star walking turns out to be a good way to enjoy life.
Hiking at night isn't uncommon. Plenty of people hike after dark to get to campsites or watch the sunrise from a mountaintop. Star walking goes a step further by mixing hiking with stargazing.Rather than heading to an observatory or setting up a telescope in your backyard, star walking takes you on a brief journey to look at the stars from different viewpoints.
“An observatory can never take the place of getting out into a rural landscape under a blanket of stars,"says Gary Lintern of Stargazing Nights in Durham, England, who leads guided nighttime hikes. "It's a magical experience.and I enjoy sharing it, especially at some of my favorite locations, like the High Force Waterfall, England's largest waterfall, in Teesdale."
There are plenty of studies that show the health benefits of being in nature. Spending at least two hours a week outdoors, particularly while engaging in activities that involve "effortless attention", can decrease blood pressure, heart rate, and stress levels. Walking at night has the added benefit of improving sleep,which is important for overall health,says Christina Pierpaoli Parker,a behavioral sleep researcher at the University of Alabama.Parker says that star walking works on two physiological processes that determine sleep quality. "Movement and exercise, such as relaxing stargazing walks outside, may facilitate sleep."she says.
Lintern advises reading up on the night sky before setting out Free mobile apps,such as Star Walk 2, can help identify celestial bodies and are easy to use-simply point your phones at the sky to get a map. Websites like Sky Telescope and NASA's Space Place cover the basics,have in-depth explanations for constellations (星座)，and offer advice on gear and equipment.
At the end of the day, the best advice is to take it slow and enjoy the journey.
24.Why did Douglas go to Iceland
A.To take photos there.
B.To enjoy the night sky there.
C.To experience daily life there.
D.To search for an observatory there.
25.What can we know about star walking
A.It is a combination of hiking and stargazing.
B.It is similar to stargazing at an observatory.
C.It only requires a telescope in your backyard.
D.It becomes more popular because of Gray Lintern.
26,What does the underlined word“facilitate"in paragraph4 probably mean
A.Slow.
B.Worsen.
C.Prevent.
D.Promote.
27.What's the fifth paragraph mainly about
A.Some useful mobile apps.
B.Famous websites about hiking.
C.Proper suggestions on star walking.
D.Basic knowledge of equipment for stargazing.
阅读理解专练205
12.【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考】
“Can we eat this one, Dad ” my four-year-old daughter, Alicia, asks. We’re on one of our Thursday adventures, searching the nearby woods for eatable mushrooms. She’s pointing at a bright-red cap covered with white dots. I pull out my handy mushroom-identification app, which notes that Amanita muscaria, while eatable if prepared properly, is also a known hallucinogen (致幻剂). I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as possible” philosophy and explain what the app says, and that I don’t think our Thursday adventures are ready to get quite that adventurous yet.
Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.
Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life.
It’s not all easy—but sometimes that’s the point. Alicia practices the violin every day, and although she enjoys it, even 15 minutes of practice can upset her. The trick, I’ve found, is to let her watch me try to get better at something, too. I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then improve, she’ll understand that things don’t come easy, even for grown-ups. I know there’s going to be a time when I’ll end up on the sideline cheering her on as she finds her own passions. I’m okay with this, and I’m hoping that by then she’ll carry the joy of practice and knowledge through life.
4. What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”
A. It is rewarding to learn new skills. B. Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C. He will explore more with his daughter. D. His daughter will accompany him forever.
5. Why does the father start learning to play the piano
A. To prove it is never too old to learn. B. To set a good example for his daughter.
C. To experience the joy of piano practice. D. To share with his daughter musical knowledge.
6. Which of the following can best describe the father
A. Rigid and humorous. B. Cautious and inspiring.
C. Creative and thoughtful. D. Ambitious and patient.
7. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Thrill of the Skill B. Practice Makes Perfect
C. Like Father, Like Daughter D. The Power of Knowledge
阅读理解专练206
13.【湖北省“宜荆荆恩”2023届高三起点考试】
My daughter Eve used to love the Lightning McQueen character from the film ‘Cars’. As a little baby she began to stop and smile every time she saw the character. She was happy when a relative bought her some ‘Cars’ toys.
I knew her interest in ‘Cars’ had disappeared recently; she’s developed new interests since starting school. But when I found myself in a hurry to buy juice cartons(盒装果汁), and the choice was between ‘Disney Princess’ or ‘Cars’ cartons, I took the ‘Cars’ ones.
The next morning she saw a carton go into her lunch bag and took it out. She said it embarrassed her. She told me it was because ‘Cars’ is ‘boyish’. When I said to her that I thought she liked ‘Cars’, she said, very quietly, “I do, but I don’t want anyone to know“. Eve says children should be able to like whatever they want to, but the pressure to behave ‘like a girl’ has got to her.
Children do understand the gendered messages they receive. They understand the gender rule ‘This is for boys and that is for girls, ‘in the same way as other kinds of social rules. The period between birth and age 7 is called The Imprint Period, because this is when children learn about everything around them. They accept much of it as true. It’s one of the reasons gender-stereotyped(性别刻板印象的)toys can be so damaging.
From the moment they are born, children are expected to live up to expectations of what it means to be a boy or a girl. It’s easy to see that they are influenced by the way toys are marketed. Children accept what their world tells them, so it’s necessary to change the harmful stereotypes they are being sold.
4. Why did the author buy ‘Cars’ cartons
A. She chose them only out of habit. B. She loved the characters in ‘Cars’.
C. She had no choice but to take them. D. She tried to stimulate Eve’s interest.
5. Why did Eve take the carton out of her lunch bag
A. She wanted it stored by her mother. B. She disliked being the envy of others.
C. She lost interest in the ‘Cars’ carton. D. She didn’t want to be laughed at by others.
6. What do kids tend to do during The Imprint Period
A. They learn how to tell right from wrong. B. They turn a blind eye to the surroundings.
C. They can be easily affected by social rules. D. They care too much about others’ thoughts.
7. What would be the best title for the text
A. Let Toys Be Toys B. Girls Will Be Girls
C. Toys for Boys Only D. Let Rules Be Rules
阅读理解专练207
14. 【江西省省重点校联盟2022-2023学年高三入学摸底联考】
“Why do you always apologize before you ask a question I don’t get it,” Dan asked. I looked at him blankly, not understanding what he meant but felt that there was more than a trace of annoyance in his tone.
I felt defensive. I thought for a moment. “There’s no reason for it, you shouldn’t do that.” he said. “Sorry if it annoys you,” I responded. I probably annoyed him again by apologizing again.
This happened over 35 years ago. I thought about it then, and I still reflect on it now. Asking questions in class or in conversation isn’t that simple, at least not to me.
As I thought about it, many things came into play. First was self-consciousness and insecurity. Maybe I had missed something the professor said. I knew some students, as a result of those doubts, didn’t ask questions.I had enough confidence to ask, but not enough to not soften it. I realized, as Dan pointed out, that I likely did start with something like, “Sorry, maybe I missed this, but can you explain...”I wondered whether there was anything so wrong with that.
I don’t think it occurred to me at the time, but it did years later, that it also probably related to being female. I knew that as a woman there was a line of not coming across too aggressively.
Besides, I became conscious of not implying judgment—I didn’t want a professor to think I was questioning their expertise, or suggesting they were a bad teacher. It seemed like a reasonable strategy to start by acknowledging that I could be wrong or uninformed.
Before Dan’s comment, I hadn’t thought about it consciously, much less considered that there could be a downside to doing it. But I was learning that there was. If Dan was any example, it could be unpleasant. I didn’t want to go around apologizing for my existence. As I’ve gotten older, I think I’ve done it less.
4. How did the author feel at hearing Dan’s question at first
A. Sorry. B. Funny. C. Puzzled. D. Annoyed.
5. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 probably refer to
A. The reason for lacking confidence.
B. The author’s habit of saying sorry.
C. The importance of asking a question.
D. The author’s attitude towards females.
6. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Making comments is risky.
B. Dan broke up with the author.
C. The author no longer said sorry.
D. Saying sorry may annoy others.
7. What is mainly talked about in the text
A. The art of asking a question.
B. The technique of apologizing.
C. The conflicts between classmates.
D. The reasons for asking a question.
阅读理解专练208
15.【云南省昆明市五华区2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量摸底检测】
A public welfare initiative calling for volunteers from all over the country to donate hair to make wigs (假发) for children with cancer, has brought a lot of comfort.
The program, the Black Ribbon Initiative, was initiated by Chongqing University Cancer Hospital in April. Twenty-three students joined in the first round of hair donations to help children who had lost their hair as a result of chemotherapy and radiation treatments.
In January 2020, 3-year-old Liu Lizi from Guizhou province was diagnosed with blastoma, a type of cancer. The girl, who received radiation therapy at the hospital, was depressed after losing her beautiful natural hair and being teased by other children.
“For cancer patients, especially those little cancer patients, hair is hope,” said Lai Yun, a volunteer at the hospital.
Before the end of last year, Lizi, who is nearly at the final period of her current radiation treatment, had received 30 treatments. But she is no longer melancholy. In December, not long after a head measurement, she received her first wig made of real hair and found that it suited her well.
One of the hair donors, Li Chaoyang, explained why she got involved, “That day happened to be my 23rd birthday, and I finally made up my mind to sign up for the initiative and donate my long hair as a special gift. I feel like the children’s wearing wigs and dancing with joy has cured me mentally. They shed light in my life, and I hope my hair will be a light that brings them happiness.”
4. What do we know about the girl Liu Lizi
A. She was born with disability. B. Her treatments have finished.
C. She was encouraged by other kids. D. Her first wig was made of human hair.
5. Why is hair important for cancer patients according to the text
A. It can protect them from radiation. B. It can be made into a birthday gift.
C. It brings them comfort and hope. D. It offers them chances for communication.
6. What does “melancholy” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Sad. B. Angry. C. Puzzled. D. Frightened.
7. What message might Li Chaoyang’s words convey
A. Many hands make light work. B. Roses given, fragrance in hand.
C. Actions speak louder than words. D. God helps those who help themselves
阅读理解专练209
1.【2023届山东省齐鲁名校高三第一次学业质量联合检测】
Researchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative, one that shows promise of succeeding far better than current ways of inspiring creativity.
This new method, based on narrative (叙述的) theory, helps people be creative in the way children and artists are by making up stories that imagine alternative worlds, change perspective and generate unexpected actions.
“The narrative method works by recognizing that we’re all creative,” said Angus Fletcher, who developed the method and is a professor of English and a member of the Ohio State University’s Project Narrative. “We as a society completely undervalue the creativity of kids and many others because we are addicted to the idea that some people are more creative than others.”
The narrative method of training for creativity uses many of the techniques that writers use to create stories. One is to develop new worlds in your mind. For example, employees at a company might be asked to imagine a world in which all their customers are like that. Another technique is perspective-changing. An employer might be asked to answer a problem by thinking like another member of their team.
“Creativity isn’t about guessing the future correctly. It’s about making yourself open to imagining completely different possibilities,” Fletcher said. “When you do that, you can respond more quickly and flexibly to the changes that do occur.”
Fletcher and his team are also continuing to work with new organizations, such as the Worthington Local School District in Ohio.
“It’s better to hire a diverse group of people and then train them to be creative. That creates a culture which recognizes that there are already creative people in your organization you aren’t taking advantage of,” he said. “This new method of training creativity could only have come from Ohio State University’s Project Narrative, which is itself proof of the power of creativity.”
8. What may make the narrative method workable according to Fletcher
A. Creating alternative stories. B. Changing new perspective.
C. Generating unexpected tasks. D. Being aware of our creativity.
9. How does the author develop paragraph 4
A. By using examples. B. By making comparison.
C. By answering questions. D. By quoting techniques.
10. What result is expected of training creativity
A. To develop a culture gradually. B. To react to changes quickly.
C. To create possibilities freely. D. To predict the future correctly.
11. What is the most suitable title for the text
A. Ways Can Be Adopted to Inspire Creativity
B. The Power of Creativity Has Been Found
C. Anyone Can Be Trained to Be Creative
D. A Way Is Found to Recognize Creative People
阅读理解专练210
Migratory (迁徙的) birds are declining globally because of the way that humans have changed the landscape over recent decades — according to new research from the University of East Anglia (UEA).
A new study published today reveals that population declines have been greatest among species that migrate to areas with more human infrastructure — roads, buildings, power lines, wind turbines (涡轮机) — as well as more population and hunting levels.
Dr. James Gilroy, from UEA’s School of Environmental Sciences, said, “We know that migratory birds are in greater decline than non-migratory species, but it’s not clear why. We want to find out where in their life cycles these migratory species are most exposed to human impacts.”
The research team identified 16 human-induced threats to migratory birds, including infrastructure associated with bird disturbance and impacts, transformation of land from natural habitat to human land use, and climate change. Advances in satellite imagery allowed the team to map each of the 16 threats across Europe, Africa and Western Asia. The team also created the first ever large-scale map of hunting pressure across the region. A total of 103 species of migrating birds were studied, including many rapidly declining species like the turtle dove and the common cuckoo, using large-scale datasets. The team calculated threat scores for factors such as habitat loss and climate change, across breeding locations, as well as non-breeding ranges. They then explored the relationships between these threat scores and bird population trends calculated from 1985 to 2018 by the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS).
Dr. Aldina Franco, also from UEA’s School of Environmental Sciences, said, “Our findings are important because we need to understand where declining species are being most impacted by humans across their seasonal migrations. Locating where birds are most exposed to these threats could help us target conservation actions.”
12. What causes migratory birds to decrease
A. A longer migratory route. B. Serious industrial pollution.
C. Illegal hunting from humans. D. The changing of landscape.
13. What does the underlined word “infrastructure” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Basic systems and services. B. Local transportation.
C. Internet facilities. D. Power supplies.
14. What does paragraph 4 talk about
A. The results of the study. B. The promise of the study.
C. The process of the study. D. The database of the study.
15. What is the purpose of studying migratory birds according to Dr. Aldina Franco
A. To raise people’s awareness of protecting birds.
B. To offer advice to do conservation work precisely.
C. To stress the necessity of increasing bird population.
D. To state the importance of living in harmony with nature.
阅读理解专练211
2.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】
Before you worry about bacon and how much it may cost when new animal welfare laws go into effect next year, let’s talk about the pigs that gave their lives for it.
California has been on the forefront of protecting animals who live short lives on factory farms either to produce food for us or to be slaughtered and sold as food. The latest advance came in November 2018, when 62.7% of the state’s voters supported Proposition 12, the Prevention of Cruelty to Farm Animals Act. The law began going into effect last year, requiring hens and veal calves to be given more space to live in. Starting on Jan. 1st, the law will require that all eggs sold in California come from cage-free hens and that pork sold in the state come from breeding pigs that are not held in cages. These are humane steps designed to lift these animals out of structures that barely allow them to move.
Pork producers have had the longest time to comply (遵守). Some big companies like Hormel Foods have pledged to do so fully, but others have spent the last few years fighting the law rather than figuring out how to put it into practice. They say that the law will significantly raise the price of pork and that it violates the Commerce Clause of the Constitution, which gives Congress sole power over interstate business activity. So far, that fight has been a waste of time that pork producers could have better spent figuring out how to retrofit (翻新)their farms.
They also complain that the regulations on the law are not set. But the California Department of Food and Agriculture, which has yet to finalize the regulations, says that the delay should not have prevented producers from retrofitting their housing for breeding pigs. The agency has publicly posted draft regulations, which mostly concern record-keeping, certification and definitions of terms.
For fans of bacon and other pork, any rise in cost is the price of not having a pig suffer before it’s killed for food. It’s a price the animals shouldn’t have to pay.
28. What do we know about Proposition 12
A. The law will come into force next year.
B. More space is required for raising hens and pigs.
C. Raising hens and pigs in limited space is humane.
D. Half of the state’s voters subscribed to Proposition 12.
29. What does the underlined word “pledged” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Suspect. B. Refuse. C. Promise. D. Hesitate.
30. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3
A. Some pork producers have raised the price of pork.
B. All the pork producers don’t comply with the law.
C. Pork producers have wasted a lot of time retrofitting their farms.
D. Pork producers resist the Commerce Clause of the Constitution.
31. Which word can best describe the author's attitude to the new animal welfare laws
A. Skeptical. B. Conservative C. Tolerant. D. Favorable.
阅读理解专练212
Tina Brigham, a 50-year-old store owner from a suburb of Washington, DC, wrestled with the puzzles while waiting for customers. “If it’s a 30-minute puzzle, I try to figure it out in 12,” she said. After several years, she found she could easily put together employee work schedules in her head. A lot of stores use an electronic scheduling tool, but I have all the data in my mind,” she said. “I think my brain seems sharper and more focused because of the game.”
The games do seem to work. In one 2020 study, Gary Small, chair of psychiatry at Hackensack University Medical Center, found that 1,091 women and men who frequently played cards, bingo, or did crossword puzzles had sharper thinking and memory skills — equivalent to an IQ up to 5.6 points higher — than those who rarely did. The study doesn’t prove that the puzzles directly led to the higher IQs, but it does show that even people who increased their game-playing in their 70s seemed to get brain benefits within a few years.
Exactly how games sharpen memory and cognitive function is still something of a mystery. But advances in neuroimaging (神经影像学) allow researchers to study how the brain reacts to all sorts of outside stimulation. Small later included 60 women and men completing Latin squares. As the puzzles grew more difficult with fewer clues, players slowed down and made more mistakes. That’s when he discovered something surprising: More regions of the brain got involved, especially in the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质区)，an area involved with problem-solving, judgment, and memory.
Small suggests that if you find yourself debating whether to spend the next 20 minutes taking a walk or playing a brain game, you should choose the walk. Physical activity can help deliver oxygen and fuel to your brain cells. “If you do one thing to help your brain, I’d say it’s exercise.” he says. “Getting good sleep and keep a balanced diet are also important. Brain games work best as part of a whole package of brain-healthy strategies. And remember: A little fun never hurts.
32. How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1
A. By sharing a story. B. By comparing facts.
C. By report findings. D. By presenting figures.
33. What can we know from Gary Small's study
A. Puzzles directly leads to higher IQs.
B. People in their 70s benefit more from brain games.
C. How games sharpen minds has not been clearly understood.
D. Physical activities play an equally important role ais brain games.
34. Why does the author mention good sleep and a healthy diet in the last paragraph
A. To advocate good sleep and a balanced diet.
B. To advise what we should do to keep healthy.
C. To stress the importance of good sleep and a healthy diet.
D. To explain that brain games function best as part of brain-healthy strategies.
35. What is the main idea of the text
A. Puzzles make brains sharp and focused.
B. Physical activities play an important role in sharp thinking.
C. Brain games are beneficial to memory skills and cognitive function.
D. Sharp memory and cognitive function depend largely on brain games.
阅读理解专练213
3.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】
A contact lens (隐形眼镜) that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.
Glaucoma is an eye disease that involves damage to the optic nerve, and can lead to blindness if not treated. According to the charity Glaucoma UK, the most common form of the disease, known as primary open angle glaucoma, is thought to affect almost 10% of people older than 75. This form is generally caused by increased pressure within the eye, usually as a result of a buildup of fluid.
Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug if the pressure transcends a certain level.
Writing in the journal Nature Communications, the team describe how they created the device using an upper and lower lens, with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses. When the pressure inside the eye increases, the gap between the upper and lower lenses decreases. This is detected by the pressure sensor by means of a cantilever. The sensor then sends a signal to the wireless system which subsequently triggers the release of an anti-glaucoma drug, from a hydrogel attached to an electrode, and enables it to cross the cornea of the eye. The drug, brimonidine, acts to reduce the pressure within the eye.
The study reveals that the contact lenses have so far been tested on pigs’ eyes and on the eyes of living rabbits—albeit with smaller-sized lenses—although trials have yet to be carried out in humans. The researchers note the lenses are not only soft and minimally invasive but are also battery-free, adding that the approach could be expanded to help tackle other eye diseases.
Prof Zubair Ahmed from the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing at the University of Birmingham who was not involved in the work, said the research was potentially very exciting, adding that a rise in pressure within the eye was a significant problem for most people with glaucoma. “The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon could be mass-produced.” he added.
12. Who can probably get help from the contact lens
A. Those who are blind. B. Those who have glaucoma.
C. Those who are older than 75. D. Those who are under heavy pressure.
13. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 3
A. Exceeds. B. Maintains. C. Lowers. D. Balances.
14. How did the team create the device
A. By crossing the cornea of the eye and then sending a signal.
B. By enlarging the gap between the upper and lower lenses.
C. By using brimonidine to increase the pressure within the eye.
D. By employing pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device.
15. What can we learn about the contact lenses
A. They are safe but too costly. B. They have been tested on humans.
C. They will be put on the market soon. D. They need to be used with battery power.
阅读理解专练214
4.【河南省豫东名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底联考】
C
Color can affect moods, emotions and even actions. This includes sleep and health. In ancient cultures, color therapy is even used as a method of healing.
The color blue has been thought to stimulate (促进) a sleep state. Exposure to blue light can help lower body temperature and blood pressure. A decrease in blood pressure and body temperature is the preparation that signals to the body that it’s time to sleep. Therefore, seeing the color blue when you are ready to rest may cause the response and help you fall asleep more easily.
While there is much evidence that blue is the best choice for your bedroom walls, it’s really the tone that influences your sleep, not the color itself. Deep blue or other neutral (中性的) tones will even make a small bedroom seem more spacious.
While soft colors and earth tones are the most calming and restful bedroom colors for sleep, bright colors prevent your brain activity. These colors stimulate brain activity and stop you from falling asleep. While many parents paint their children’s rooms with bright colors, it’s better to choose fun, playful colors in gentle tones to encourage their kids to go to sleep. Light yellow, green and blue are all amazing choices to paint your children’s bedroom.
What you should remember is that never paint your bedroom walls purple! Purple stimulates creative thought and can lead to extremely vivid nightmares. Other bad choices for bedroom colors include bright reds and bright oranges. These colors stimulate the brain and increase energy. For example, red causes passion, increases energy and may even help you move more quickly. It may be a better choice for your home gym than for your sleep space.
Regardless of the size of your room, there are a few tones that we suggest for creating a healthy space for deep sleep. The most important factor is that you feel relaxed, calm and restful in the room. You should also keep your bedroom free from mess as much as possible and keep it clean. In your bedroom, sleep should be your main focus.
8. What is the effect the color blue has on people
A. It can cause high blood pressure. B. It can keep the brain active.
C. It can adjust the sleep state. D. It can cool the body down.
9. Which color can help make the room look larger
A. Light grey. B. Deep pink. C. Deep red. D. Orange.
10. What’s Paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Ways to make sure of good sleep. B. Bad colors for the bedroom.
C. Color and brain activities. D. The advice on health.
11. What plays a key role in sleep
A. The room is decorated well. B. The room is free from rubbish.
C. The room makes you feel at ease. D. The room shows different tones.
阅读理解专练215
D
The sounds of the Northern Lights have been a mystery to scientists for over a century. But now it seems that a researcher has figured out how auroras (极光) really make sounds.
“It has pretty much been confirmed all over the world,” historian Fiona Amery said. “ In Canada, Norway and Russia, they are all hearing very much the same sounds.”
“The auroras can occur hundreds of kilometers above the ground,which strengthens opinions that their sounds are just a false impression,” said Fiona. Many scientists argued that auroras were too far away to hear and that any sound would take several minutes to reach the ground, so it was impossible for them to change in time with the auroras.
However, other scientists were convinced that the Northern Lights really made noises. In the 1920s, Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could occur: The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that created crackling sounds close to the ground. Almost 100 years later, Clarence’s suggestion seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds.
In 2012, an expert named Unto Laine showed a recording of auroral sounds after years of monitoring auroras. In 2016, he announced the mechanism that makes the sounds: an inversion layer (逆温层) of cold air in the atmosphere that can form below an aurora and a short distance above the ground in calm weather.
Unto argues that visible changes in the aurora cause changes in the inversion layer, causing accumulated electricity to discharge as sparks (火花) that create sounds that can be heard. That explains how the sounds correspond with the aurora’s visible movements — they begin to happen in the inversion layer only about 75 meters above the observer.
12. What are the words Fiona said in Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The existence of the sounds of the Northern Lights.
B. The need to make full use of the Northern Lights.
C. The problems caused by the Northern Lights.
D. The cause of the Northern Lights.
13. What can we learn about Clarence’s suggestion in the 1920s
A. It matched a lot of old ideas. B. It was well recognized then.
C. It might be of great value. D. It was a total failure.
14. How does the author convey his idea in the text
A. By listing research numbers. B. By making comparisons.
C. By providing explanations. D. By giving examples.
15. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Can We Enjoy the Northern Lights
B. Do the Northern Lights Make Sounds
C. Why Should We Study the Northern Lights
D. How Do the Northern Lights Come into Being
阅读理解专练216
5.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】
C
There are many sources of debate on a long Toad trip, including route selection, the choice of snacks, and, probably most importantly, what to Play on the radio. Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio without the need for headphones has been a goal of car makers for decades, and scientists may have finally managed it.
A team from the University of Le Mans in France carefully positioned microphones, speakers and filters（过滤器）to create personalised sound zones (PSZs) inside a car, and the small regions are where sound from a set of speakers can be heard clearly. Outside these, it can not be heard.
One barrier which scientists have previously been unable to overcome was the impact of moving one’s seat. They were able to form a PSZ, but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards or backwards.
The French team created a new algorithm(算法) specifically to tackle this issue, which handles the sound waves to create “bright” and “dark” zones in the car. “Loudspeakers are placed in the headrests, and specific filters for each transducer(换能器) are calculated to reproduce a sound signal that maintains good quality in the zone under consideration and is strongly weakened in other zones.” said Dr Lucas Vindrola, the author of the study. “The key to the technique working properly is having sufficient microphones placed around the car to detect how many people are in the car and where they are sitting. The price to pay is to have control microphones in the passenger section, so that the algorithm can work.”
However, the technique is not yet ready to be commercially rolled out as a luxurious optional extra just yet, as it currently works only for a limited range of frequencies.
28. What was once a challenge for scientists
A. PSZs could hardly be formed.
B. The sound of moving a seat is loud,
C. They couldn’t create movable PSZs.
D. The seats couldn’t be moved back and forth.
29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. How the impact of moving one’s seat was addressed.
B. Why enough microphones are placed around the car.
C. When the algorithm can work well for all passengers.
D. Where “bright” and “dark” zones are created in the car.
30. What can we infer about the new technique
A. It currently works without limitation.
B. It has been put into use commercially.
C. It can function well with enough microphones.
D. It is costly to detect the position of microphones.
31. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To launch a new debate.
B. To tackle an old problem.
C. To advertise an algorithm.
D. To introduce a new technology.
阅读理解专练217
D
Several days ago Spanish fashion brand Zara sparked a fee debate after releasing its latest campaign featuring a Chinese model with freckles（雀斑）. Actually, there are some different beauty standards between the East and the West.
In East Asia, freckles might be considered a “destructive weakness” for celebrities, especially actors or singers. Although normal people don’t care that much, subconsciously they might prefer a “clean” face. Generally speaking, freckles are more likely to appear if people are out in the sun frequently, and most East Asian women avoid the sun as best they can.
Having freckles, instead, is a trademark for unconventional beauty in the Western world, and some call freckles “angel kisses”. For most westerners, having freckles is no longer just something you have to live with; instead, it is something to be desired. After all, not everyone is lucky enough to have freckles.
When it comes to eye shapes, it seems Western and Chinese beauty standards don’t see eye-to-eye. Many Chinese think girls with big eyes are the most beautiful. If their eyes have a double fold eyelid, that is considered perfect. However, most foreigners seem to prefer Chinese girls with slanted（斜的）and narrow eyes and eyebrows. Chinese known model Lyv Yan is often considered the country’s most beautiful by foreigners, while quite a few Chinese people think her appearance doesn’t fit with traditional beauty standards.
Young, girly feature or hot and mature feature Zhao Liying from China, Aragaki Yui from Japan and Lim Yoon-A from South Korea enjoy high popularity in Asia, as they boast bright faces with warm smiles, which win them lots of male fans. The three young celebrities represent Asia’s beauty standards: women with cute, girly features. Most women in Asia try their best to stay young accordingly. Unlike Chinese girls, Western girls think a more mature look shows independence and uniqueness. The superhero Wonder Woman is an ideal type for most.
As ties continue to grow between China and the West, it is unavoidable that these beauty standards develop. But one thing’s for sure — no matter how you look, you are who you are, and that should be satisfaction enough.
32. What do most western people think of having freckles
A. It is something unbearable.
B. It is a destructive weakness.
A. It is something to wish for.
D. It is a symbol of traditional beauty.
33. What do the underlined words “see eye-to-eye” mean in Paragraph 4
A. Have the same opinion.
B. Recognize their strengths.
C. Misunderstand each other.
D. Argue against one another.
34. Why do western girls prefer to appear mature
A. They think this beauty standard is better.
B. They want to look independent and unique.
C. They hope to have high popularity in Asia.
D. They admire Wonder Woman very much.
35. What does the text mainly talk about
A. What Zara’s beauty standard is.
B. Why Chinese people don’t like freckles.
C. What causes the different beauty standards.
D. How easterners and westerners think of beauty.
阅读理解专练218
6.【江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次质量监测考试】
C
A new study focused on birds examines how the movements of rivers in the Amazon have contributed to that area’s exceptional biological diversity.The research team, led by the American Museum of Natural History, found that as small river systems change over time, they spur the evolution of new species. The findings also reveal previously unknown bird species in the Amazon that are only found in small areas next to these dynamic river systems, putting them at high risk of extinction.
The lowland rainforests of the Amazon River basin harbor(藏匿) more diversity than any other ecosystem on the planet. It is also a globally important biome(生物群落) containing about 18 percent of all trees on Earth and carrying more fresh water than the next seven largest river basins combined. Researchers have long wondered and hotly debated how the Amazon’s rich biodiversity arose and accumulated.
“Early evolutionary biologists like Alfred Russel Wallace noticed that many species of primates and birds differ across opposite riverbanks in the Amazon,”said the study’s lead author Lukas Musher. “Moreover, accumulating geological evidence has suggested that these rivers are highly dynamic, moving around the South American landscape over relatively short time periods, on the order of thousands or tens of thousands of years.”
To investigate how the movement of rivers across the landscape has influenced the accumulation of bird species in the Amazon, the researchers sequenced the genomes(基因组) of six species of Amazonian birds.
Because these rivers move around the landscape at different time scales, their movements can have varying outcomes for bird species: when river rearrangements occur quickly, populations of birds on each side can combine before they’ve had time to differ; when river changes happen slowly, species have a longer time to diverge from one another.
8. What does the underlined word “spur” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Stimulate. B. Renew. C. Pursue. D. Interrupt.
9. What have researchers debated on
A. What the Amazon’s biodiversity indicates. B. How the Amazon’s biodiversity was formed.
C. Whether the Amazon has the richest biodiversity. D. Why Amazon bird species are at risk of distinction.
10. What can we conclude from LukasMusher’s words
A. There are six species of American birds.
B. Rivers move very slowly in South America.
C. Most species differ across opposite Amazon riverbanks.
D. River movement may lead to the Amazon’s biodiversity.
11. What has influenced the change of bird species in the Amazon
A. The location of river movement. B. The populations of birds.
C. The speed of river movement. D. The amount of the genomes.
阅读理解专练219
D
China’s first group of e-sports major graduates will emerge in the summer of 2021,with data showing that even though this major has been underestimated by the public, the future appears promising as there are hundreds of thousands of related jobs available.
After the Ministry of Education decided that “electronic sports and management” should be listed in colleges’ major departments in September 2016, around 30 Chinese universities kicked off their e-sports major courses in the same year, to meet the needs of the rise of e-sports related industries in the Chinese market.
“The major is designed to meet the demand,”said Zheng Duo,co-founder of Tianjin Hero Sports Management and a visiting professor from the Communication University of China(CUC).
Chinese passion for e-sports is not in doubt, with more than 18,000 e-sports companies registered as of 2021, according to corporate database Qichacha.The number of e-sports users in China reached 500 million in 2021, and the market had a value of more than 145 billion yuan as of 2020, according to Chinese consulting group iResearch. Meanwhile,the industry chain is becoming more complete.
Jobs in areas such as supervision and content production require talent and training. The number of available jobs is estimated at 500,000,and could reach 3.5 million in the next five years, according to China’s Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.
Well-known universities such as CUC and the Shanghai Theatre Academy have responded to the country’s call and are preparing graduates for the e-sports market.Yet not every major graduate is qualified for the positions available, as the jobs normally require practical experience,which is something a lot of graduates lack.
Industry insiders have indicated that e-sports is an industry with rapid iteration(迭代), and some companies prefer to hire people with experience instead of spending time training recruits.
Roughly half of the graduates will enter the gaming industry, said Xiao Pi, an e-sports major graduate from CUC. “Some of the rest will pursue further studies for their master’s degree.”
“Even though e-sports majors have advantages in finding jobs, students need practical experience to better suit the different positions,” said Gu Liming, president of Perfect World Games.
12. What do the public think of e-sports majors according to the text
A. They don’t exist in job markets.
B. They deserve a promising future.
C. They don’t have a wide appeal.
D. They replace many other majors.
13. Why did universities start to offer e-sports major courses in 2016
A. They had great passion for electronic sports.
B. They wanted to respond to the public’s call.
C. They had the potential for e-sports courses.
D. They wanted to meet the social demands.
14. What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A. E-sports have a large database.
B. E-sports see a larger-scale market.
C. E-sports get advice from iResearch.
D. E-sports arise from a complete chain.
15. What do e-sports graduates really need to be better qualified for the positions
A. The fierce competition. B. Familiarity with markets.
C. Practical experience. D. A master’s degree.
阅读理解专练220
7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】
Tourists visiting the Canary Islands can often hear locals communicating over long distances by whistling—not a tune, but the Spanish language. The locals are communicating in Silbo, a much more widespread use of whistled languages. In at least 80 cultures worldwide, people have developed whistled versions of their local languages when the circumstances call for it.
Whistled languages are almost always developed by traditional cultures that live in mountainous regions or in dense forests. That’s because whistled speech carries much farther than ordinary speech or shouting, says Julien Meyer, a linguist who explores the topic of whistled languages. Skilled whistlers can reach 120 decibels (分贝)—louder than a car speaker. As a result, whistled speech can be understood up to 10 times as far away as ordinary shouting can. That lets people communicate when they cannot get close enough to shout.
Whistled languages work because many of the key elements of speech can be imitated in a whistle. We distinguish one speech sound from another by minor differences in their sound frequency patterns. Whistlers can express all of these distinctions by varying the pitch (音高) of their whistle. And the skill can be adapted to any language, even those that have no tradition of whistling.
However, whistled languages are disappearing rapidly all over the world, and some—such as the whistled form of the Tepehua language in Mexico—have already disappeared. Modernization is largely to blame, says Meyer, who points to roads as the biggest factor. “That’s why you still find whistled speech only in places that are very, very remote, that have had less access to roads,” he says.
Fortunately, there is still a ray of hope. UNESCO has listed two whistled languages—Silbo in the Canary Islands, and a whistled Turkish—as elements of the world’s intangible cultural heritage. Such attention can lead to conservation efforts. In the Canary Islands, for example, Silbo is now taught in schools. “If people hadn’t made that effort, Silbo would probably have disappeared,” says Meyer. There, at least, the future of the whistled language looks bright.
28. What can be learned about Silbo
A. It is an endangered tune. B. It is employed to entertain tourists.
C. It is used in more than 80 cultures. D. It is a whistled version of Spanish.
29. What are whistled languages mainly used to do
A. Pass on secret information.
B. Get messages across over long distances.
C. Imitate the sound patterns of other languages.
D. Show minor differences between speech sounds.
30. Why are whistled languages disappearing according to Meyer
A. Lack of skilled teachers. B. Contact with modernity.
C. Difficulty in learning them. D. Popularity of official languages.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of Silbo
A. Uncertain. B. Dissatisfied. C. Optimistic. D. Uncaring.
专题11.答案
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【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D
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【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A
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【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. C
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答案：24-27 BADC
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【答案】4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A
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【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A
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【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
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【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
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【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
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【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B
阅读理解专练211
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. D
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【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C
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【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
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【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
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【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
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【答案】 28.C 29. A 30.D 31.C
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【答案】32. C 33.A 34.B 35.D
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【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
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【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. C
阅读理解专练220
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C
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