专题12 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题12.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练221
8.【湖北省孝感市部分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考英语试题】
C
Apples have always played a significant yet diverse role in history. Today apples continue to astonish in medicine with headlines reporting that an apple a day really does have health benefits. In 2013, researchers in Oxford suggested that either an apple a day or a statin (a kind of drug) seemed to be equally successful at preventing heart attacks and strokes in people over the age of 50.
EPIC study, one of the biggest studies of its kind, involves half a million people and looks at the effects of eating fruit and vegetables on disease. Participants consuming at least eight portions a day had an astonishing 22% lower risk of heart disease, and risks of some cancers were slightly reduced. However, other cancers were unaffected, and there was no real effect on diabetes.
How might the humble apple be declaring war on heart disease and cancer, two of our biggest killers The answer might lie in polyphenols (多酚) in apples, which is useful for protecting the fruit from disease and also giving it color and flavor. They have the potential to protect our body by reducing blood stickiness and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels.
Several studies also show a reduction in blood pressure when more fruit and vegetables are eaten. Furthermore, apples contain a fibre called pectin (果胶) which sticks to cholesterol in the body, slowing their absorption. What is clear is that the apple is a complex mix of components, working together for the good of our health.
But can we eat enough apples a day to keep the doctor away Eating too many may not be a good idea, especially with a risk of lasting exposure to low levels of pesticide. Some people are even allergic to apples, and they can wear away outer layer of tooth. The Department of Health’s advice to consume “5-a-day” (including both fruit and vegetables) might be a realistic starting point.
8. Which of the following do the researchers agree with
A. An apple a day can successfully cure heart diseases.
B. Eating fruit and vegetables can reduce diabetes greatly.
C. Apples and medicine have similar effect in some cases.
D. Those eating apples have a lower risk of all cancers.
9. Why are polyphenols and pectin mentioned in the text
A. To make a comparison. B. To give advice on health.
C. To tell what apples contain. D. To clarify how apples work.
10. What does the underlined phrase “5-a-day” in the last paragraph refer to
A. An apple and five vegetables per day. B. Five apples in different times every day.
C. Two apples and three vegetables every day. D. Five portions of fruit and vegetables per day.
11. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A travel brochure. D. A nursing report.
阅读理解专练222
D
Emerging economies struggled to grow through the 2010s and pessimism covers them now. People wonder how they will pay debts during the COVID-19 and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past in an era of deglobalisation (去全球化).
The freshest of many answers to this issue is the fast-spreading digital revolution. The digital revolution is already as progressive in emerging economies as developed ones. Among the top 30 nations by income from digital services as a share of gross domestic product(GDP), 16 are in the emerging world. Indonesia, for example, is further advanced by this measure than France or Canada. And since 2017, digital income has been growing in emerging countries at an average annual pace of 26 percent, compared with 11 percent in the developed ones.
How can it be that poorer nations are adopting common digital technologies faster than the rich One explanation is habit and its absence. In societies filled with physical stores and services, customers are often comfortable with them and slow to abandon the providers. In countries where people have difficulty even finding a bank or a doctor, they will jump at the first digital option that comes along. Outsiders have a hard time grasping the impact digital services can have on underserved (服务不足的)populations. Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks can quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services. Though only 5 percent of Kenyans carry credit cards, more than 70 percent have access to digital banking.
It’s early days, too. As economist Carlota Perez has shown, tech revolutions last a long time. Innovations like the car and the steam engine were still transforming economies half a century later. Now, the fading era of globalisation will limit the number of emerging markets, but the era of rapid digitisation has only just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catch up with the living standards of the developed world.
12. What can we know about the digital revolution
A. It increases people’s debts in deglobalisation.
B. It prevents emerging economy from developing.
C. It advances in emerging and developed economies.
D. It develops most rapidly in Indonesia in terms of GDP.
13. Where are people more willing to accept digital services
A. In economies lacking in online services.
B. In countries short of basic physical facilities.
C. In nations with adequate stores and services.
D. In societies easy to access doctors and banks.
14. What does the author think of the future of digitisation
A. Stable. B. Hopeful. C. Depressing. D. Challenging.
15. What’s the main idea of the text
A. Digital technology saves emerging economies.
B. Deglobalisation limits technology revolutions.
C. Emerging economies struggle in the pandemic.
D. Digital revolution grows better in globalisation.
阅读理解专练223
9.【辽宁六校2022~2023学年上高三初考】
C
Some of the world’s best Coffea arabica is grown on Mount Kenya. This variety of the plant produces beans that are tastier than those from its poor cousin, Coffea canephora (known as robusta), which often ends up in instant coffee (速溶咖啡). However, global warming may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050.
Some farmers are trying to adapt to warming by moving uphill. Yet this pushes them into areas long used for growing tea. Not only is there less space higher up; the move stresses how warming also threatens to harm the tea crop, which supports about 10% of Kenya’s population. Warmer weather will push tea itself higher up area.
Kenya’s government-funded Coffee Research Institute is trying to find other ways of helping farmers adapt, such as encouraging them to plant trees to shade their coffee bushes, or to grow hardier (适应性更强) robusta plants. It is also trying to plant a hybrid, Arabusta, which would combine the hardiness of robusta with the flavour of arabica. Coffee snobs may turn up their noses at it, but they may have no other choices.
However, such adaptations may bring social costs. Many smallholder farmers are at risk of being pushed out of the industry altogether because they cannot afford the money needed to protect their crops.
Another option may be entirely new varieties. Researchers in London are studying a wild type of coffee, Coffea stenophylla. It is delicious and can also take the heat. But it produces lower harvest than existing varieties and it may be years before it is widely grown. Without a breakthrough of some sort, caffeine addicts may face a future too unpleasant to imagine. “If we don’t have the innovation (创新) to respond to climate challenges,” Vern Long of World Coffee Research says, “we’re just going to be drinking man-made coffee.”
8. In what way is Coffea arabica better than Coffea robusta
A. Flavor. B. Harvest. C. Hardiness. D. Sales.
9. What does the underlined “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A. Robusta. B. Arabica. C. Arabusta. D. Stenophylla.
10. What might be the impact of the government’s policy
A. Good money will be brought in.
B. The areas of tea crop will be reduced.
C. The cost of coffee-planting may drop.
D. Smallholder coffee farmers may disappear.
11. What’s the purpose of this text
A. To give suggestions to coffee farmers.
B. To recommend new varieties of coffee.
C. To introduce coffee industry under threat.
D. To list possible solutions to climate changes.
阅读理解专练224
D
Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative, fail, and learn by chance. This aspect is similar to art. This is why Wageningen scientists look to artists for inspiration and exchange ideas about how to increase creative freedom.
“Science and art are two different ways to make something understandable. They both provide a perspective on reality,” says Biochemistry Professor Dolf Weijers. “From the outside, the research process looks very formal and the artistic process looks somewhat messy. But the scientific process can also unfold in an unpredictable way.”
“Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”
“As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize(可视化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project in which Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, professor of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular(分子的)sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force.
What science and art also have in common is that they are topics of discussion in society. There are people who say that they do not value art and people who mistrust science. Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are doubted if you say that something is different a few years later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in science. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result.”
12. What might be the “popular opinion” about the scientific discovery
A. It is creative. B. It can be accidental.
C. It allows failures. D. It is predictable.
13. In Dolf Weijers’s view, the artistic process_________.
A. totally differs from the scientific one
B. normally looks formal and controlled
C. offers inspiration for scientific research
D. focuses on putting the messy in order
14. Why does the author mention Dolf Weijers’s research on plant cells
A. To prove that science can be visualized like art.
B. To stress that understanding science is difficult.
C. To show the value of his scientific achievements.
D. To tell obvious differences between science and art.
15. What does Dolf Weijers say about scientific studies
A. They have little to do with the discoveries.
B. Their process should be more open to people.
C. They always present unchanged final results.
D. Their focus is not the process but the result.
阅读理解专练225
10.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】
Climate science has been rapidly advancing in recent years, but the foundations were laid hundreds of years ago.
In the 1820s, French scientist Joseph Fourier theorized that Earth must have some way of keeping heat and that the atmosphere may play some role. In 1850, American scientist Eunice Newton Foote put thermometers(温度计)in glass bottles and experimented with placing them in sunlight. Inside the bottles, Foote compared dry air, wet air, N2, O2 and CO, and found that the bottle containing humid air warmed up more and stayed hotter longer than the bottle containing dry air,and that it was followed by the bottle containing CO2. In 1859, Irish scientist John Tyndall began measuring how much heat different gases in the atmosphere absorb. And in 1896, Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius concluded that more CO2 in the atmosphere would cause the planet to heat up: These findings planted some of the earliest seeds of climate science.
The first critical breakthrough happened in 1967 when Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald connected energy absorbed by the atmosphere to the air movement vertically over Earth.They built a model which first included all the main physical processes related to climate changes. The predictions and the explanations based on their model still hold true in the real world almost half a century later.
The model was improved in the 1980s by Klaus Hasselmann who connected short-term weather patterns with long-term climate changes. Hasselmann found that even random weather data could yield insight into broader patterns.
“ The greatest uncertainty in the model remains what human beings will do. Figuring it out is 1,000 times harder than understanding the physics behind climate changes,” Manabe said.“ There are many things we can do to prevent climate change. The whole question is whether people will realize that something which will happen in20 or 30 years is something you have to respond to now.”
So, it’s up to us to solve the problem that these pioneers helped the world understand.
12. What does the word “humid” underlined in paragraph 2 mean
A. Cool. B. Cold. C. Dry. D. Wet.
13. What is Klaus Hasselmann’s contribution to climate science
A. He found that CO2 causes global warming.
B. He invented a unique measuring instrument.
C. He improved Manabe and Wetherald’s model.
D. He built a reliable model on climate change.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. The biggest problem with the climate model.
B. The necessity for human beings to take action now.
C. The challenge of understanding climate change.
D. Measures to be taken to prevent climate change.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Negative Effects of the Global Warming
B. Historic Breakthroughs in Climate Science
C. Main Causes Leading to Climate Change
D. Difficulties of Preventing Climate Change
阅读理解专练226
11.【浙江省2023届A9协作体暑假返校联考高三英语试题】
C
Katherine Rooks, a Denver-based writer,had sent her son a text message about coming home from school.
"I could tell from his response that he became upset suddenly in our thread. And when he came home, he came over and said, 'What did you mean by this " Rooks was confused. "So we looked at the text together and I said, 'Well,I meant, see you later,or something. I don't remember exactly what it said.'And he said,'But you ended with a full stop!I thought you were really angry!"Rooks wasn't angry,and she explained to her son that,well,periods are how you end a sentence.
But in text-messaging—at least for younger adult-periods do more than just end a sentence: they also can set a tone. Gretchen McCulloch, a linguist, said that when it comes to text-messaging, the period has lost its original purpose. But that doesn't mean the period has lost all the purposes in text-messaging. Now it can be used to indicate seriousness or a sense of finality." But caution is needed," said McCulloch, noting that problems can start to arise when you combine a period with a positive emotion,like "sure"or "sounds good".
A period can accidentally set a tone. A recent study conducted by Binghamton University psychology professor Celia Klin confirmed this. Researchers asked undergraduates to evaluate a text exchange that included an innocent question and the answer "Yes". Some saw "Yes" with a period and some saw the word without. They found consistently through many experiments that "Yes"with a period resulted in responses that were more negative. So people thought "Yes"with a period was less friendly,less sincere, and so on. "I really don't like getting text messages that end in periods because it always feels so passive-aggressive," said Juan Abenante Rincon, 24, a social media manager for Adidas."Like, are you mad What's going on Like,did I do something wrong "
Klin said this demonstrates language is constantly changing. "Language evolution has happened; it'll continue to happen,and isn't it great that we're so linguistically flexible and creative "
28.Why does the text begin with Katherine's conflict with her son
A.To lead in the use of period in texting.
B.To emphasize the great power of words.
C.To show youngsters' attitudes towards texting.
D.To suggest the right use of punctuation marks.
29.Why is Juan Abenante Rincon mentioned in the text
A.To make assessments on the recent study.
B.To confirm the findings of the recent study.
C.To put forward doubts about the recent study.
D.To show great opposition for the recent study.
30.What is Celia Klin's attitude towards the changes in the meanings of full stops
A.Disapproving.
B.Conservative.
C.Worried.
D.Positive.
31.What can be the suitable title of the passage
A.Full Stops:Be Original
B.Full Stops:Be Cautious
C.Language Evolution:Be Flexible
D.Language Evolution:Be Consistent
阅读理解专练227
D
The Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics saw many excellent athletes compete on the ice and snow,prompting an enthusiasm for winter sports in China. In fact, the country has had a deep relationship with winter sports since ancient times, with skiing originating in the Altay prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.
In 2005,cave paintings of Altay people hunting on skis with poles were discovered, which archaeologists estimated could be more than 10,000 years old. Since then, Altay has been recognized by many as one of the birthplaces of skiing,according to Xinhua.
As one of the richest collections of ancient rock art in China, there are herds of camels, sheep, wolves and human figures. The painting on the roof of a cave in Dundebulake village of Altay prefecture depicts humans on skis,bending their knees as they travel alongside animals,including deer and moose.
The rock art in Dundcbulake is well preserved because the pictographs (象形文字) are well hidden in the cave.
Additionally, Alta's dry climate has been a useful preserving agent, according to a 2016 research paper published by the Hebei Normal University.
Unique geographical and climatic conditions make skiing an indispensable part of local people's lives. The climate in Altay is mild and not too windy,so skiers are less affected by weather conditions, allowing them to safely move faster.
Unlike the modem skis we use nowadays,fur skis have been used as a means of transportation for the snowfield inhabitants of Altay for more than 100 centuries, according to rock carvings uncovered in the area.
Making skis has been a traditional skill. The handmade skis have a layer of horse skin. The fur on the horse skin can help decrease friction (摩擦力) when they slide down the hill, while the skis also prevent skiers from falling when they walk up. At the same time,they have a wooden stick in hand to keep balance, according to China Daily.
Fur ski competitions have been held annually by the local government. Many locals would display their maneuvers (高超的移动) at the competitions.
32.Which of the following is evidence that Altay is one of the birthplaces of skiing
A.Altay people wore skis to hunt animals.
B.The modem skis are very similar to fur skis.
C.Local people have used fur skis for a long time.
D.Humans on skis were depicted in cave drawings.
33.What have fur skis been used for in Altay since ancient times
A.Hunting.
B.Transportation.
C.Competition.
D.Entertainment.
34.How does horse skin benefit skiers
A.It helps them better control directions.
B.It makes them slide more comfortably.
C.It helps them slide down smoothly.
D.It helps them keep steady while sliding.
35.What does the article mainly talk about
A.The origins of skiing in Altay.
B.The ancient rock art found in Altay.
C.The development of skiing in China.
D.The current popularity of skiing in Altay.
阅读理解专练228
12.【浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月返校联考】
Whether you're a citizen, consumer or investor, it is fast becoming a key life skill to make out greenwashing, a word meaning a company claims that its products are environmentally friendly but actually not green at all. Misleading or not proved claims about benefits to climate can make it harder for people to make informed decisions. They can also weaken real efforts by companies to clean up their act and deal with the climate crisis.
The basic problem is a lack of clarity. Indeed, when it comes to spotting greenwashing, it can actually be more helpful to focus on the color grey—because it is the many grey areas that have helped make greenwashing appear in particular places. These grey areas might be around measurements, definitions, best practice, standards or regulations. Even the language we use is very imprecise, leaving lots of room for vagueness, confusion or complete cheating. For instance, what do words such as “green”, “sustainable” and “eco” even mean You have no standards, measurements or definitions to judge by.
These problems are increasingly important when it comes to the greenwashing of investment products, such as pensions and investment funds. In recent years, there has been a sharp rise in consumer demand for funds that invest according to environmental, social and governance criteria, often referred to as ESG funds. According to the financial data provider Morningstar, the value of assets(资产) held in UK funds grew from 29bn at the beginning of 2017 to 71bn by the end of 2020.
With that much money at risk for high profits, misleading claims can effectively hamper the flow of money and resources into really green new plans and businesses, preventing global efforts from dealing with the climate emergency. “I describe it as the 'teenage years' of responsible investing, with a lot of experimentation, and a lot of people trying out new things.” says Ashley Hamilton Claxton.
4. Which of the following can be called greenwashing
A. A product that is claimed to benefit the climate.
B. A product that can been washed in a green way.
C. A product that is absolutely environmentally friendly.
D. A product that is claimed to be green while not the case.
5. What's the major cause of the problem of greenwashing
A. The product's description is not clear.
B. The language isn't grammatically right.
C. There are no such words as “sustainable”.
D. The company doesn't say it's “green” and “eco”.
6. What does the underlined word “hamper” probably mean
A. put B. clarify C. stop D. divide
7. What can you infer from the last paragraph
A. Much money enables high profits
B. Responsible investing is still at its early stage.
C. More money is invested in real green businesses.
D. A lot of people are unwilling to try out new things.
阅读理解专练229
Harvesting drinking water from wet air around the clock Now this technology is close to the theoretical ideal aim.
As real-world tests on the roof of an ETH building in Zurich revealed, the new technology can produce at least twice as much water per area per day as the best current passive technologies: the small experimental system with a pane (一格玻璃) diameter of 10 centimeters delivered 4.6 milliliters of water per day under real-world conditions. Larger devices with larger panes would generate more water as a result.
The researchers demonstrated that under ideal conditions, they could harvest up to 0.53 decilitres of water per square meter of pane surface per hour. “This is close to the theoretical maximum of 0.6 decilitres per hour, which is physically the greatest amount.” Iwan H chler says. He is a doctoral student in Dimos Poulikakos's (ETH Zurich) Thermodynamics Group.
Other technologies typically necessitate wiping condensed (冷凝的) water from a surface, which requires energy. Without this step, a large portion of the condensed water would hold on to the surface and become unusable, preventing further condensation. The ETH Zurich researchers coated the underside of the pane in their water condenser with a novel superhydrophobic (extremely water-resistant) coating. As a result, the condensed water beads up and runs or jumps off on its own. “Unlike other technologies, ours can truly function without any additional energy, which is a significant advantage,” H chler said.
The researchers’ goal was to create a technology for water-stressed countries, particularly developing and emerging economies. They believe that now is the time for other scientists to further develop this technology or combine it with other methods, such as water desalination, to increase their yield. The coating of the panes is relatively simple, and larger water condensers than the current pilot system should be possible. Several water condensers could be positioned side by side to piece together a large-scale system, similar to how solar cells have several modules set up next to each other.
8. Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2-3
A. To show the strengths of the present technology.
B. To explain the theory of a new water collecting device.
C. To demonstrate the great difficulty the researchers met.
D. To make vivid the close-to-ideal efficiency of the new technology
9. What’s the unique advantage of the new technology
A. It uses a device to wipe off condensed water.
B. It enables the water drops to run off by itself.
C. It consumes a very small amount of energy.
D. It has the upside of the pane specially coated.
10. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The new technology has been put into use
B. Other scientists have been improving the device.
C. Developed countries are in great need of this device.
D. It may take some time to further develop the technology.
阅读理解专练230
13.【湖北省“宜荆荆恩”2023届高三起点考试】
C
Though its effects are not always visible to the human eye, plastic is choking life on Earth. The process for manufacturing plastic worsens climate change, and the spreading of plastic in the environment has led to heartbreaking sights.
Then there came a daydream: Can we create something that will consume it
A new study suggests that an enzyme(酶) which targets polyethylene terephthalate(PET)—a widely-used substance found in a majority of consumer packaging products that contains 12 percent of all global waste—could make that scientific dream, which is also necessity, into a reality.
The key ingredient was n natural enzyme known as PETase, according to the paper published in the scientific journal Nature. Using a machine learning model, scientists at the University of Texas figured out what changes would cause the enzyme to be able to quickly break down the targeted types of plastic waste.
“It has been a well-explored problem in many industries,” Hal AIper, a professor in Chemical Engineering, said, “Therefore, we feel that this part of the problem is easily achievable in a short period of time. The more challenging aspect will be making enzyme break down on a large scale with mixed plastics waste.”
This was not the first effort to solve the plastic pollution problem. In March 2016, Japanese researchers found a bacteria that would “eat“ the plastic until it turned into sludge(泥浆). Last year, scientists at the University of Edinburgh announced that E. Coli, a common bacterium, could be used to change PET into a kind of material, which might be able to be safely consumed by humans.
Joanna Sadler, a biotechnology professor at the University of Edinburgh, characterized the new enzyme as the “fastest enzyme reported to date” in terms of the speed of breaking down different plastics. “This makes it a very promising technological development in the field, and demonstrates the better adapted usage of this enzyme,” Sadler said.
8. What’s the function of the first paragraph
A. To explain a unique phenomenon.
B. To stimulate the readers’ curiosity.
C. To analyze the cause of the situation.
D. To provide some background information.
9. What is the challenging problem scientists are facing
A. Turning the scientific dream into a reality.
B. Causing the enzyme to work more effectively.
C. Putting a machine learning model into practice.
D. Making the enzyme dissolve plastics massively.
10. Why are the examples mentioned in Paragraph 6
A. To evaluate the scientists’ previous efforts.
B. To introduce some similar biological means.
C. To prove the possibility of recycling plastics.
D. To stress the importance of plastic-eating bacteria.
11. Which word best describes Sadler’s attitude to the enzyme
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Critical.
阅读理解专练231
D
It has been known for some time that children are able to learn at breathtaking speed. But how does it work That’s what researchers have now found out. Using an artificial intelligence tool and an eye-tracker that tracks the movements of a baby’s eyes, scientists from the Thunders Research Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior investigated one of children’s greatest mysteries and came to a surprising conclusion.
It may seem very different, but babies are certainly not lying around randomly. “Babies don’t explore the world by chance, with their eyes falling on it. Babies have a strategy if they want to understand the world. First, they look for those pieces of information that allow them to understand other information faster and more efficiently. On the contrary, if they see an object or event from which they can learn nothing further, they simply reject it. Only the information useful to them, they select.” says Dr Francesco Poli.
That sounds easier, even for a baby, than done. But how does a baby know what is important and what is not
“Let’s take a good example: learning to talk. What we see as always is that babies who are about to say their first word begin to investigate a few weeks before how to use their mouths to talk. Instead of looking at the eyes in faces, they study carefully for weeks the mouths of the people who talk to them. So they are in a constant state of maximum learning capacity!”
“Babies build their knowledge. They are like little scientists who like to see their idea challenged. For example, they learn very quickly that objects fall down and don’t just disappear. And this is why they love bubbles (泡沫) so much: they do float up and then disappear!”
12. What is the surprising conclusion about children
A. They explore the world purposefully. B. They are attracted to all information.
C. They are breathtakingly fast learners. D. They possess exceptional intelligence.
13. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Studying further. B. Observing the world.
C. Learning strategically. D. Understanding information.
14. Why can bubbles fascinate babies greatly
A. They make little scientists’ life colorful. B. They challenge babies’ existing cognition.
C. They prove what babies have just learned. D. They float up quickly and don’t just disappear.
15. Which word can best describe baby learners according to the author
A. Confident and optimistic. B. Observant and capable.
C. Consistent and persistent. D. Dynamic and responsible.
阅读理解专练232
14. 【江西省省重点校联盟2022-2023学年高三入学摸底联考】
C
Noisy brothers or sisters Loud construction right outside your window A flexible new loudspeaker could help you rest easy. It could someday turn your walls into noise-canceling systems. And when you’re ready to liven things up, use the same wallpaper—or the surfaces of other ordinary objects in your room—to play music.
The new loudspeaker is super thin—about as thick as a few sheets of paper. It’s lightweight and flexible enough to stick to most surfaces. And you can make it big, as in wall-sized, notes Jinchi Han. He’s an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.
Lots of dome-shaped (圆顶状) microstructures cover the surface of the speaker. The researchers start with a thin, flat sheet of some material. Then they use pressure to pull that material through openings to create the dome shapes. When squeezed, the material they use creates an electric charge. But applying an electric field across the material will also cause the domes to expand and contract, Han explains. That can generate sound.
Han points to another benefit of this tech. Large expanses of the new material could make controlling noise a lot easier. Noise-canceling systems already exist. But whether it works for a listener depends on where that listener’s ears are in relation to the approaching sound waves.
Trying to cancel noise this way everywhere inside a room would be tricky Han points out. It would take lots of microphones and speakers, which can be expensive.
Here, each dome works as a tiny speaker. The domes can generate sound waves in groups or individually. Wallpapering your bedroom with this material would create speakers all around you. Those same speakers also could cancel unwanted sound. When desired, you could turn any space into “a quiet zone where you could sleep or study without too much noise,” Han says. He also sees applications in cars, airplanes, apartments or anywhere unwanted noise is a problem.
8 What is the new feature of the loudspeaker
A. It is very big in size.
B. It is made of a kind of paper.
C. It can produce high quality sound.
D. It can stick to most objects easily.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. What the speaker looks like.
B. How the sound is produced.
C. How the domes are created.
D. What functions the domes have.
10. What decides the effect of the old noise-canceling systems
A. The number of domes in the loudspeakers.
B. The length of the approaching sound waves.
C. The distance between ears and sound waves.
D. The frequency of the newly produced waves.
11. Which word can be used to describe this technology
A. Popular. B. Promising. C. Complex. D. Expensive.
阅读理解专练233
D
Want to help butterflies A new study suggests turning off the lights.
Light pollution at night can disturb its abilities to recognize directions, researchers have found. Artificial light can disrupt their circadian (昼夜) rhythms and affect their sense of directions. That can make the butterflies disoriented when they try to fly the next day.
“Darkness is important to butterflies since the internal circadian clock of butterflies functions normally when they are exposed to natural day-night lighting cycles,” study author Patrick Guerra, an assistant professor at the University of Cincinnati, tells Treehugger.
Monarch butterflies migrate (迁徙) by the millions each year, making the trip from northern areas of the continent to California and Mexico and back. Because most butterflies only live for a few weeks to a few months, it takes several generations of butterflies to complete the migration. But too much light at the wrong time can urge the butterflies to take off when they should be resting instead for their voyage.
“As monarch butterflies are a threatened species with their population numbers in decline, we wanted to see what types of environmental stress might be linked to their decline,” Guerra says.
For their study, researchers conducted lab studies where they reproduced the effects of artificial light pollution with butterflies using a flight simulator (模拟器).
They first tested if monarchs treated a single, artificial light source as if it were the actual sun during the day. Once they established what they did, they then tested how the monarchs would behave when exposed to this same artificial light source during their night.
Butterflies stayed quiet and unmoving when they were first placed in the flight simulator in the dark. But as soon as scientists turned on the light, they started flying. The light made them believe that night was day and this can cause them to fly longer at night or start flying too early.
“These findings demonstrate how urbanization can negatively affect important biological phenomena, and therefore allow us to understand how human activity impacts the rest of nature,” Guerra says.
12. What does the underlined word “disoriented” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Slow down. B. Die off. C. Feel sleepy. D. Get lost.
13. What did the researchers want to find out in the study
A. Why the monarch butterflies migrate.
B. What reduced the number of monarch butterflies.
C. Why darkness is important to monarch butterflies.
D. How monarch butterflies adapt to the environment.
14. What might be used in the experiment
A. A flashlight. B. The sun. C. The moon. D. A clock.
15. What can be the best title for the text
A. Natural Light Is Important to Insects
B. Monarch Butterflies Are in Great Danger
C. Butterflies React Actively to Air Pollution
D. Light Pollution Can Affect Butterfly Migration
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15.【云南省昆明市五华区2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量摸底检测】
C
We humans rely on a series of signs to recognize our friends, such as their smiles, their voices, or the way they walk. Biologists have known for several decades that dolphins form close friendships, and that the cetaceans (鲸类) identify friends by their unique whistles. Now new surprising research suggests bottlenose dolphins use their sense of taste to recognize their friends from unrelated dolphins through their urine (小便).
Study leader Jason Bruck, a marine biologist at Stephen F. Austin State University in Texas, didn’t set out to test whether bottlenose dolphins could identify each other through their urine. His original goal was to test whether dolphins use their signature whistles in the same way people rely on names. But to do that, he needed a second way for dolphins to identify each other.
To find out if dolphins could associate a whistle with a specific dolphin, Bruck turned to an unlikely substance: urine. A scientist had previously observed wild dolphins purposefully swimming through urine, leading Bruck to suspect they were gathering information from it.
“It was a shot in the dark,” says Bruck, whose study was published this week in the journal Science Advances. “And I was not expecting it to work, to be honest.”
In experiments using caged dolphins, the team discovered that dolphins paid more attention to their friends’ urine and whistles, suggesting they knew the animals that issued them, he says.
The findings are the first strong evidence of an animal identifying other members of its species using taste. They also show that by using at least two signs to identify individuals, dolphins have a complex understanding of their family and friends—much as humans do.
8. Why did Bruck turn to urine
A. To show the types of whistles. B. To study dolphins’ swimming styles.
C. To test dolphins’ ability of recognition. D. To protect dolphins’ living conditions.
9. What does Bruck think of his study
A. It is beyond description. B. It is beyond his expectation.
C. It matches his prediction. D. It goes against previous observation.
10. What’s the main idea of the text
A. Dolphins can identify their friends by taste.
B. Dolphins show deep love for their friends
C. Cetaceans contribute much to modern science.
D. Cetaceans have much in common with humans.
11. What is the text
A. A short story. B. A book review.
C. A biologist’s story. D. A science report.
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D
Children are more likely to prefer foods they believe to be natural to human-made options, rating them higher for tastiness, safety and desirability, a study shows.
Researchers at the Universities of Edinburgh and Yale studied the preferences of more than 374 adults and children in the United States when presented with apples and orange juice and told of their origins.
In one study, 137 children aged 6 to 10 years old were shown three apples. They were told one was grown on a farm, one was made in a lab, and another grown on a tree inside a lab. Adults took part in the same study to compare age groups. Both children and adults preferred apples they believed were grown on farms to those grown in labs, researchers found. Children were more likely to refer to freshness, being outside, or sunlight when considering why they chose the farm apple. Adults were more likely to mention naturalness.
In a second study, 85 children aged 5 to 7 years old and a group of 64 adults were shown four different kinds of orange juice—one described as squeezed on a farm, one with no information about it, one with chemicals removed and one described as having chemicals added. Researchers found that the information on the juice’s naturalness had a significant effect on its rating. The participants tended to choose the more natural option based on perceived taste, safety and desire to consume.
Dr Matti Wilks of the University of Edinburgh’s School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences said, “Overall we provide evidence that our tendency to prefer natural food is present in childhood. This research offers a first step towards understanding how these preferences are formed, including whether they are socially learned and what drives our tendency to prefer natural things.”
12. How did researchers draw their conclusion
A. By doing experiments. B. By analyzing reasons.
C. By testing children’s tastes. D. By studying different fruits.
13. What can be inferred about the two studies mentioned in the text
A. Adults prefer apples to orange juice. B. Chemicals do harm to eaters’ health.
C. Naturalness attracts different age groups. D. Labs are where fruits can be easily planted.
14. What’s Dr Wilks’ attitude toward the study
A. Doubtful. B. Tolerant. C. Uncaring. D. Positive.
15. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Which to Choose, Apples or Orange Juice
B. Where to Grow Fruits, on Farms or in Labs
C. Natural Food Is More Mouth-watering to Children
D. Different Age Groups Show Different Preferences.
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（2022·北京·高考真题）Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
1．In PASS, students ________.
A．attend new lectures B．decide their own schedules
C．prepare problem sets in groups D．use their skills to solve problems
2．What can students do if a session is full
A．Fill in the attendance sheet. B．Sign up for the waiting list.
C．Report their needs and feedback. D．Email the office their numbers on the list.
3．Students will be deregistered if ________.
A．they send emails in error B．they fail to work interactively
C．they give their places to others D．they miss two sessions in a row
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（2022·江苏南通·高三开学考试）Welcome to Rainbow School Clubs, Kent’s funniest, safest before & after school clubs, summer clubs for 4-to-11-year olds.
The play environment allows the children to be offered a selection of structured activities and play opportunities which take place both in and outdoors, weather permitting, e.g. art & craft, board games, construction activities, role play, clay modeling, home corner, pool table, kwik-cricket, ball games and much more.
Qualified and experienced police check (无犯罪记录) workers understand the importance of play and how this impacts on the individual development needs of children.Workers receive ongoing training to ensure the quality of care is paramount (最高的). All clubs are registered with Ofsted (where legally required to do so), and inspected in accordance with the law & guidance surrounding the care of children in a play environment. Parents/Carers are issued with terms and conditions upon registration. A comprehensive list of policies which the club operates by is available at the clubs. You will be required to complete registration forms for your child prior to joining.
Denise Howard set up Rainbow School Clubs in 2002 to meet the rising demand for out of school childcare. As a parent Denise was aware of the importance of choosing the right child care for your children out of school hours. Rainbow School Clubs aim to widen the alternatives available for parents when choosing childcare by providing affordable good quality care.
A light tea is provided i.e. sandwiches, biscuits, fruit, squash etc. All pick-ups done using our own transport—taxis are not used. For information, contact Denise Howard on 07717214041.
4．Who do Rainbow School Clubs target
A．Workers skilled in playing board games.
B．Employers eager for career development.
C．Children crazy about outdoor play games.
D．Parents in urgent need of off-class childcare.
5．What is the entry requirement for people joining Rainbow School Clubs
A．Fill in the registration forms. B．Receive ongoing training.
C．Inspect the play environment. D．Give tips on the operation.
6．Which of the following is unavailable at the club
A．The good childcare. B．Taxi pick-ups.
C．The qualified staff. D．Fruits and biscuits.
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（2022·重庆八中高三开学考试）POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington DC for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
7．How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
8．What will each of the honorable mention winners get
A．A special T-shirt. B．A plane ticket.
C．A photo of Amelia Earhart. D．A book by Corinne Szabo.
9．Which of the following will result in disqualification
A．Writing a poem of 120 words B．Typing your poem out.
C．Using both sides of the paper. D．Mailing your entry on October 30.
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（2022·湖北·高三开学考试）This is not a problem in Munich even if it is already the afternoon. The last light of the day can always be enjoyed. Here are four hiking tours for late risers and after-work athletes. Let’s get out into nature quickly.
The Sundown Tour
With a bit of luck, after 5 p. m. you will have the whole view to yourself. Lake Walchensee lies below, opposite is the Herzogstand mountain, with the red sun setting below it. If you are walking down the mountain in the dark, however, you should always have headlamps with you, otherwise it will become too dangerous.
The Quick Tour
Sometimes the god stuff is so much closer than you think, on the Neureuth mountain, for example. The tour from the railway station in Tegermsee up to the mountain is comparably short and therefore suitable for all walkers who just want to stretch their legs after work has finished.
The Railway Tour
The greatest advantage of the Laber for late-in-the-day leisure walkers lies, however, in the mountain railway: its last trip down the mountain doesn’t leave until between 4:30 p.m. and 5 p.m. So you do not need to worry whether you still have enough time for the relaxing return journey.
The Cycling Tour
Who says that people who like to take exercise later on in the day always have to walk Even many Munich residents forget that, in addition to the river Isar, there is a river in the city which is just as beautiful. If you want to explore the river and the associated Wurmtal valley, rent a bike and follow the shore from Pasing over Grafelfing and Gauting as far as Starnberg.
10．Which tour best suits a tourist who prefers doing light exercise
A．The Sundown Tour. B．The Quick Tour.
C．The Railway Tour. D．The Cycling Tour.
11．What is needed to take the Cycling Tour
A．A headlamp. B．A guide. C．A mountain bike. D．A railway ticket.
12．What do the four tours have in common
A．Providing safety experience. B．Demanding a low budget.
C．Covering rivers and valleys. D．Suiting after-work tourists.
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（2022·河南·高三开学考试）Many summer camps have had to cancel their programming due to COVID-19. So we have found a great selection of virtual summer camps for your children.
Happy Camper Live
Ages: 5~ 18
Cost: $499 a month .
What is special about Happy Camper Live is that there are hundreds of camp adventures and experiences to choose from to offer your children unique camp experience. Children can make fun with a world-class athlete, play volleyball with a national high school champion and learn a new art, craft or musical instrument.
Smart Robots Virtual Camp
Ages: 7 ~11
Cost: $179 for two weeks
Campers will receive a smart coding robot of choice and learning materials and apps to get them started in this camp. This camp is made as much of a social experience as possible. At the end of camp, each child will be certificated as a “junior coder”，have made penfriends for life and have new skills and knowledge to bring into their classrooms in the fall.
Written Out Loud
Ages: 8~17
Cost: $250 per week
The storytelling school Written Out Loud has transformed its program to a virtual storytelling workshop. Founded in 2018 by a Hollywood film-maker, Witten Out Loud offers classes for children aged 8 to 17 that combine a range of disciplines such as creative writing, film-making and even improving comedy.
Got Game Summer Academy
Ages: 4~12
Cost: $195 for two weeks
With a focus on reading, writing and math, Got Game will help your children stay academically on track while still having fun in an energized virtual learning environment. Children will receive personalized attention from teachers while also participating in games that center around communication on group projects and building individual skills.
13．What’s special about Happy Camper Live
A．It offers a large number of different activities.
B．It’s the most expensive of the four camps.
C．It focuses on improving musical skills.
D．It was founded by a world-class athlete.
14．Where can campers make penfriends with others
A．In Written Out Loud. B．In Happy Camper Live.
C．In Smart Robots Virtual Camp. D．In Got Game Summer Academy.
15．What do Written Out Loud and Got Game Summer Academy have in common
A．They enable children to learn while playing games.
B．They improve children’ s writing skills.
C．They teach children how to make films.
D．They are suitable for children above 12.
专题12.答案
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【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B
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【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A
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【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. C
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【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
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【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. B
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答案：28-31 ABDB
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答案：32-35 DBCA
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【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B
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【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D
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【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C
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【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B
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【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. B
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【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D
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【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D
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【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
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1．D 2．B 3．D
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4．D 5．A 6．B
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7．B 8．A 9．A
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10．B 11．C 12．D
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13．A 14．C 15．B
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题12.（20套精选含答案）
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8.【湖北省孝感市部分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考英语试题】
C
Apples have always played a significant yet diverse role in history. Today apples continue to astonish in medicine with headlines reporting that an apple a day really does have health benefits. In 2013, researchers in Oxford suggested that either an apple a day or a statin (a kind of drug) seemed to be equally successful at preventing heart attacks and strokes in people over the age of 50.
EPIC study, one of the biggest studies of its kind, involves half a million people and looks at the effects of eating fruit and vegetables on disease. Participants consuming at least eight portions a day had an astonishing 22% lower risk of heart disease, and risks of some cancers were slightly reduced. However, other cancers were unaffected, and there was no real effect on diabetes.
How might the humble apple be declaring war on heart disease and cancer, two of our biggest killers The answer might lie in polyphenols (多酚) in apples, which is useful for protecting the fruit from disease and also giving it color and flavor. They have the potential to protect our body by reducing blood stickiness and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels.
Several studies also show a reduction in blood pressure when more fruit and vegetables are eaten. Furthermore, apples contain a fibre called pectin (果胶) which sticks to cholesterol in the body, slowing their absorption. What is clear is that the apple is a complex mix of components, working together for the good of our health.
But can we eat enough apples a day to keep the doctor away Eating too many may not be a good idea, especially with a risk of lasting exposure to low levels of pesticide. Some people are even allergic to apples, and they can wear away outer layer of tooth. The Department of Health’s advice to consume “5-a-day” (including both fruit and vegetables) might be a realistic starting point.
8. Which of the following do the researchers agree with
A. An apple a day can successfully cure heart diseases.
B. Eating fruit and vegetables can reduce diabetes greatly.
C. Apples and medicine have similar effect in some cases.
D. Those eating apples have a lower risk of all cancers.
9. Why are polyphenols and pectin mentioned in the text
A. To make a comparison. B. To give advice on health.
C. To tell what apples contain. D. To clarify how apples work.
10. What does the underlined phrase “5-a-day” in the last paragraph refer to
A. An apple and five vegetables per day. B. Five apples in different times every day.
C. Two apples and three vegetables every day. D. Five portions of fruit and vegetables per day.
11. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A travel brochure. D. A nursing report.
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D
Emerging economies struggled to grow through the 2010s and pessimism covers them now. People wonder how they will pay debts during the COVID-19 and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past in an era of deglobalisation (去全球化).
The freshest of many answers to this issue is the fast-spreading digital revolution. The digital revolution is already as progressive in emerging economies as developed ones. Among the top 30 nations by income from digital services as a share of gross domestic product(GDP), 16 are in the emerging world. Indonesia, for example, is further advanced by this measure than France or Canada. And since 2017, digital income has been growing in emerging countries at an average annual pace of 26 percent, compared with 11 percent in the developed ones.
How can it be that poorer nations are adopting common digital technologies faster than the rich One explanation is habit and its absence. In societies filled with physical stores and services, customers are often comfortable with them and slow to abandon the providers. In countries where people have difficulty even finding a bank or a doctor, they will jump at the first digital option that comes along. Outsiders have a hard time grasping the impact digital services can have on underserved (服务不足的)populations. Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks can quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services. Though only 5 percent of Kenyans carry credit cards, more than 70 percent have access to digital banking.
It’s early days, too. As economist Carlota Perez has shown, tech revolutions last a long time. Innovations like the car and the steam engine were still transforming economies half a century later. Now, the fading era of globalisation will limit the number of emerging markets, but the era of rapid digitisation has only just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catch up with the living standards of the developed world.
12. What can we know about the digital revolution
A. It increases people’s debts in deglobalisation.
B. It prevents emerging economy from developing.
C. It advances in emerging and developed economies.
D. It develops most rapidly in Indonesia in terms of GDP.
13. Where are people more willing to accept digital services
A. In economies lacking in online services.
B. In countries short of basic physical facilities.
C. In nations with adequate stores and services.
D. In societies easy to access doctors and banks.
14. What does the author think of the future of digitisation
A. Stable. B. Hopeful. C. Depressing. D. Challenging.
15. What’s the main idea of the text
A. Digital technology saves emerging economies.
B. Deglobalisation limits technology revolutions.
C. Emerging economies struggle in the pandemic.
D. Digital revolution grows better in globalisation.
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9.【辽宁六校2022~2023学年上高三初考】
C
Some of the world’s best Coffea arabica is grown on Mount Kenya. This variety of the plant produces beans that are tastier than those from its poor cousin, Coffea canephora (known as robusta), which often ends up in instant coffee (速溶咖啡). However, global warming may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050.
Some farmers are trying to adapt to warming by moving uphill. Yet this pushes them into areas long used for growing tea. Not only is there less space higher up; the move stresses how warming also threatens to harm the tea crop, which supports about 10% of Kenya’s population. Warmer weather will push tea itself higher up area.
Kenya’s government-funded Coffee Research Institute is trying to find other ways of helping farmers adapt, such as encouraging them to plant trees to shade their coffee bushes, or to grow hardier (适应性更强) robusta plants. It is also trying to plant a hybrid, Arabusta, which would combine the hardiness of robusta with the flavour of arabica. Coffee snobs may turn up their noses at it, but they may have no other choices.
However, such adaptations may bring social costs. Many smallholder farmers are at risk of being pushed out of the industry altogether because they cannot afford the money needed to protect their crops.
Another option may be entirely new varieties. Researchers in London are studying a wild type of coffee, Coffea stenophylla. It is delicious and can also take the heat. But it produces lower harvest than existing varieties and it may be years before it is widely grown. Without a breakthrough of some sort, caffeine addicts may face a future too unpleasant to imagine. “If we don’t have the innovation (创新) to respond to climate challenges,” Vern Long of World Coffee Research says, “we’re just going to be drinking man-made coffee.”
8. In what way is Coffea arabica better than Coffea robusta
A. Flavor. B. Harvest. C. Hardiness. D. Sales.
9. What does the underlined “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A. Robusta. B. Arabica. C. Arabusta. D. Stenophylla.
10. What might be the impact of the government’s policy
A. Good money will be brought in.
B. The areas of tea crop will be reduced.
C. The cost of coffee-planting may drop.
D. Smallholder coffee farmers may disappear.
11. What’s the purpose of this text
A. To give suggestions to coffee farmers.
B. To recommend new varieties of coffee.
C. To introduce coffee industry under threat.
D. To list possible solutions to climate changes.
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D
Contrary to “popular opinion”, the scientific pursuit for knowledge is not a predictable process. To make new discoveries, researchers need the freedom to be creative, fail, and learn by chance. This aspect is similar to art. This is why Wageningen scientists look to artists for inspiration and exchange ideas about how to increase creative freedom.
“Science and art are two different ways to make something understandable. They both provide a perspective on reality,” says Biochemistry Professor Dolf Weijers. “From the outside, the research process looks very formal and the artistic process looks somewhat messy. But the scientific process can also unfold in an unpredictable way.”
“Scientists can learn a lot from artists,” says Weijers. “Association and creativity are central to art. Those aspects require more attention in science as the creative process is the key of science.”
“As a scientist, you use different methods, but it is equally about how you visualize(可视化) your understanding of reality and the connections that there are. This is sometimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special project in which Weijers and his colleague Joris Sprakel, professor of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, measured the forces that act on plant cells. A molecular(分子的)sensor was used to visualize the different forces. They showed the results in colorful images, each representing a different force.
What science and art also have in common is that they are topics of discussion in society. There are people who say that they do not value art and people who mistrust science. Weijers says, “It often creates the wrong impression because only the results of scientific studies are presented, and people do not have any insight into the process leading to discovery. As a scientist, you are doubted if you say that something is different a few years later. Then you are viewed as unreliable. But what is often poorly understood is that there are no final results in science. What we scientists can achieve in the coming period is to provide more chances for people to focus on the process. Personally, I think that the connection with art can help to lead the focus on the process than the result.”
12. What might be the “popular opinion” about the scientific discovery
A. It is creative. B. It can be accidental.
C. It allows failures. D. It is predictable.
13. In Dolf Weijers’s view, the artistic process_________.
A. totally differs from the scientific one
B. normally looks formal and controlled
C. offers inspiration for scientific research
D. focuses on putting the messy in order
14. Why does the author mention Dolf Weijers’s research on plant cells
A. To prove that science can be visualized like art.
B. To stress that understanding science is difficult.
C. To show the value of his scientific achievements.
D. To tell obvious differences between science and art.
15. What does Dolf Weijers say about scientific studies
A. They have little to do with the discoveries.
B. Their process should be more open to people.
C. They always present unchanged final results.
D. Their focus is not the process but the result.
阅读理解专练225
10.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】
Climate science has been rapidly advancing in recent years, but the foundations were laid hundreds of years ago.
In the 1820s, French scientist Joseph Fourier theorized that Earth must have some way of keeping heat and that the atmosphere may play some role. In 1850, American scientist Eunice Newton Foote put thermometers(温度计)in glass bottles and experimented with placing them in sunlight. Inside the bottles, Foote compared dry air, wet air, N2, O2 and CO, and found that the bottle containing humid air warmed up more and stayed hotter longer than the bottle containing dry air,and that it was followed by the bottle containing CO2. In 1859, Irish scientist John Tyndall began measuring how much heat different gases in the atmosphere absorb. And in 1896, Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius concluded that more CO2 in the atmosphere would cause the planet to heat up: These findings planted some of the earliest seeds of climate science.
The first critical breakthrough happened in 1967 when Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald connected energy absorbed by the atmosphere to the air movement vertically over Earth.They built a model which first included all the main physical processes related to climate changes. The predictions and the explanations based on their model still hold true in the real world almost half a century later.
The model was improved in the 1980s by Klaus Hasselmann who connected short-term weather patterns with long-term climate changes. Hasselmann found that even random weather data could yield insight into broader patterns.
“ The greatest uncertainty in the model remains what human beings will do. Figuring it out is 1,000 times harder than understanding the physics behind climate changes,” Manabe said.“ There are many things we can do to prevent climate change. The whole question is whether people will realize that something which will happen in20 or 30 years is something you have to respond to now.”
So, it’s up to us to solve the problem that these pioneers helped the world understand.
12. What does the word “humid” underlined in paragraph 2 mean
A. Cool. B. Cold. C. Dry. D. Wet.
13. What is Klaus Hasselmann’s contribution to climate science
A. He found that CO2 causes global warming.
B. He invented a unique measuring instrument.
C. He improved Manabe and Wetherald’s model.
D. He built a reliable model on climate change.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. The biggest problem with the climate model.
B. The necessity for human beings to take action now.
C. The challenge of understanding climate change.
D. Measures to be taken to prevent climate change.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Negative Effects of the Global Warming
B. Historic Breakthroughs in Climate Science
C. Main Causes Leading to Climate Change
D. Difficulties of Preventing Climate Change
阅读理解专练226
11.【浙江省2023届A9协作体暑假返校联考高三英语试题】
C
Katherine Rooks, a Denver-based writer,had sent her son a text message about coming home from school.
"I could tell from his response that he became upset suddenly in our thread. And when he came home, he came over and said, 'What did you mean by this " Rooks was confused. "So we looked at the text together and I said, 'Well,I meant, see you later,or something. I don't remember exactly what it said.'And he said,'But you ended with a full stop!I thought you were really angry!"Rooks wasn't angry,and she explained to her son that,well,periods are how you end a sentence.
But in text-messaging—at least for younger adult-periods do more than just end a sentence: they also can set a tone. Gretchen McCulloch, a linguist, said that when it comes to text-messaging, the period has lost its original purpose. But that doesn't mean the period has lost all the purposes in text-messaging. Now it can be used to indicate seriousness or a sense of finality." But caution is needed," said McCulloch, noting that problems can start to arise when you combine a period with a positive emotion,like "sure"or "sounds good".
A period can accidentally set a tone. A recent study conducted by Binghamton University psychology professor Celia Klin confirmed this. Researchers asked undergraduates to evaluate a text exchange that included an innocent question and the answer "Yes". Some saw "Yes" with a period and some saw the word without. They found consistently through many experiments that "Yes"with a period resulted in responses that were more negative. So people thought "Yes"with a period was less friendly,less sincere, and so on. "I really don't like getting text messages that end in periods because it always feels so passive-aggressive," said Juan Abenante Rincon, 24, a social media manager for Adidas."Like, are you mad What's going on Like,did I do something wrong "
Klin said this demonstrates language is constantly changing. "Language evolution has happened; it'll continue to happen,and isn't it great that we're so linguistically flexible and creative "
28.Why does the text begin with Katherine's conflict with her son
A.To lead in the use of period in texting.
B.To emphasize the great power of words.
C.To show youngsters' attitudes towards texting.
D.To suggest the right use of punctuation marks.
29.Why is Juan Abenante Rincon mentioned in the text
A.To make assessments on the recent study.
B.To confirm the findings of the recent study.
C.To put forward doubts about the recent study.
D.To show great opposition for the recent study.
30.What is Celia Klin's attitude towards the changes in the meanings of full stops
A.Disapproving.
B.Conservative.
C.Worried.
D.Positive.
31.What can be the suitable title of the passage
A.Full Stops:Be Original
B.Full Stops:Be Cautious
C.Language Evolution:Be Flexible
D.Language Evolution:Be Consistent
阅读理解专练227
D
The Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics saw many excellent athletes compete on the ice and snow,prompting an enthusiasm for winter sports in China. In fact, the country has had a deep relationship with winter sports since ancient times, with skiing originating in the Altay prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.
In 2005,cave paintings of Altay people hunting on skis with poles were discovered, which archaeologists estimated could be more than 10,000 years old. Since then, Altay has been recognized by many as one of the birthplaces of skiing,according to Xinhua.
As one of the richest collections of ancient rock art in China, there are herds of camels, sheep, wolves and human figures. The painting on the roof of a cave in Dundebulake village of Altay prefecture depicts humans on skis,bending their knees as they travel alongside animals,including deer and moose.
The rock art in Dundcbulake is well preserved because the pictographs (象形文字) are well hidden in the cave.
Additionally, Alta's dry climate has been a useful preserving agent, according to a 2016 research paper published by the Hebei Normal University.
Unique geographical and climatic conditions make skiing an indispensable part of local people's lives. The climate in Altay is mild and not too windy,so skiers are less affected by weather conditions, allowing them to safely move faster.
Unlike the modem skis we use nowadays,fur skis have been used as a means of transportation for the snowfield inhabitants of Altay for more than 100 centuries, according to rock carvings uncovered in the area.
Making skis has been a traditional skill. The handmade skis have a layer of horse skin. The fur on the horse skin can help decrease friction (摩擦力) when they slide down the hill, while the skis also prevent skiers from falling when they walk up. At the same time,they have a wooden stick in hand to keep balance, according to China Daily.
Fur ski competitions have been held annually by the local government. Many locals would display their maneuvers (高超的移动) at the competitions.
32.Which of the following is evidence that Altay is one of the birthplaces of skiing
A.Altay people wore skis to hunt animals.
B.The modem skis are very similar to fur skis.
C.Local people have used fur skis for a long time.
D.Humans on skis were depicted in cave drawings.
33.What have fur skis been used for in Altay since ancient times
A.Hunting.
B.Transportation.
C.Competition.
D.Entertainment.
34.How does horse skin benefit skiers
A.It helps them better control directions.
B.It makes them slide more comfortably.
C.It helps them slide down smoothly.
D.It helps them keep steady while sliding.
35.What does the article mainly talk about
A.The origins of skiing in Altay.
B.The ancient rock art found in Altay.
C.The development of skiing in China.
D.The current popularity of skiing in Altay.
阅读理解专练228
12.【浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月返校联考】
Whether you're a citizen, consumer or investor, it is fast becoming a key life skill to make out greenwashing, a word meaning a company claims that its products are environmentally friendly but actually not green at all. Misleading or not proved claims about benefits to climate can make it harder for people to make informed decisions. They can also weaken real efforts by companies to clean up their act and deal with the climate crisis.
The basic problem is a lack of clarity. Indeed, when it comes to spotting greenwashing, it can actually be more helpful to focus on the color grey—because it is the many grey areas that have helped make greenwashing appear in particular places. These grey areas might be around measurements, definitions, best practice, standards or regulations. Even the language we use is very imprecise, leaving lots of room for vagueness, confusion or complete cheating. For instance, what do words such as “green”, “sustainable” and “eco” even mean You have no standards, measurements or definitions to judge by.
These problems are increasingly important when it comes to the greenwashing of investment products, such as pensions and investment funds. In recent years, there has been a sharp rise in consumer demand for funds that invest according to environmental, social and governance criteria, often referred to as ESG funds. According to the financial data provider Morningstar, the value of assets(资产) held in UK funds grew from 29bn at the beginning of 2017 to 71bn by the end of 2020.
With that much money at risk for high profits, misleading claims can effectively hamper the flow of money and resources into really green new plans and businesses, preventing global efforts from dealing with the climate emergency. “I describe it as the 'teenage years' of responsible investing, with a lot of experimentation, and a lot of people trying out new things.” says Ashley Hamilton Claxton.
4. Which of the following can be called greenwashing
A. A product that is claimed to benefit the climate.
B. A product that can been washed in a green way.
C. A product that is absolutely environmentally friendly.
D. A product that is claimed to be green while not the case.
5. What's the major cause of the problem of greenwashing
A. The product's description is not clear.
B. The language isn't grammatically right.
C. There are no such words as “sustainable”.
D. The company doesn't say it's “green” and “eco”.
6. What does the underlined word “hamper” probably mean
A. put B. clarify C. stop D. divide
7. What can you infer from the last paragraph
A. Much money enables high profits
B. Responsible investing is still at its early stage.
C. More money is invested in real green businesses.
D. A lot of people are unwilling to try out new things.
阅读理解专练229
Harvesting drinking water from wet air around the clock Now this technology is close to the theoretical ideal aim.
As real-world tests on the roof of an ETH building in Zurich revealed, the new technology can produce at least twice as much water per area per day as the best current passive technologies: the small experimental system with a pane (一格玻璃) diameter of 10 centimeters delivered 4.6 milliliters of water per day under real-world conditions. Larger devices with larger panes would generate more water as a result.
The researchers demonstrated that under ideal conditions, they could harvest up to 0.53 decilitres of water per square meter of pane surface per hour. “This is close to the theoretical maximum of 0.6 decilitres per hour, which is physically the greatest amount.” Iwan H chler says. He is a doctoral student in Dimos Poulikakos's (ETH Zurich) Thermodynamics Group.
Other technologies typically necessitate wiping condensed (冷凝的) water from a surface, which requires energy. Without this step, a large portion of the condensed water would hold on to the surface and become unusable, preventing further condensation. The ETH Zurich researchers coated the underside of the pane in their water condenser with a novel superhydrophobic (extremely water-resistant) coating. As a result, the condensed water beads up and runs or jumps off on its own. “Unlike other technologies, ours can truly function without any additional energy, which is a significant advantage,” H chler said.
The researchers’ goal was to create a technology for water-stressed countries, particularly developing and emerging economies. They believe that now is the time for other scientists to further develop this technology or combine it with other methods, such as water desalination, to increase their yield. The coating of the panes is relatively simple, and larger water condensers than the current pilot system should be possible. Several water condensers could be positioned side by side to piece together a large-scale system, similar to how solar cells have several modules set up next to each other.
8. Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2-3
A. To show the strengths of the present technology.
B. To explain the theory of a new water collecting device.
C. To demonstrate the great difficulty the researchers met.
D. To make vivid the close-to-ideal efficiency of the new technology
9. What’s the unique advantage of the new technology
A. It uses a device to wipe off condensed water.
B. It enables the water drops to run off by itself.
C. It consumes a very small amount of energy.
D. It has the upside of the pane specially coated.
10. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The new technology has been put into use
B. Other scientists have been improving the device.
C. Developed countries are in great need of this device.
D. It may take some time to further develop the technology.
阅读理解专练230
13.【湖北省“宜荆荆恩”2023届高三起点考试】
C
Though its effects are not always visible to the human eye, plastic is choking life on Earth. The process for manufacturing plastic worsens climate change, and the spreading of plastic in the environment has led to heartbreaking sights.
Then there came a daydream: Can we create something that will consume it
A new study suggests that an enzyme(酶) which targets polyethylene terephthalate(PET)—a widely-used substance found in a majority of consumer packaging products that contains 12 percent of all global waste—could make that scientific dream, which is also necessity, into a reality.
The key ingredient was n natural enzyme known as PETase, according to the paper published in the scientific journal Nature. Using a machine learning model, scientists at the University of Texas figured out what changes would cause the enzyme to be able to quickly break down the targeted types of plastic waste.
“It has been a well-explored problem in many industries,” Hal AIper, a professor in Chemical Engineering, said, “Therefore, we feel that this part of the problem is easily achievable in a short period of time. The more challenging aspect will be making enzyme break down on a large scale with mixed plastics waste.”
This was not the first effort to solve the plastic pollution problem. In March 2016, Japanese researchers found a bacteria that would “eat“ the plastic until it turned into sludge(泥浆). Last year, scientists at the University of Edinburgh announced that E. Coli, a common bacterium, could be used to change PET into a kind of material, which might be able to be safely consumed by humans.
Joanna Sadler, a biotechnology professor at the University of Edinburgh, characterized the new enzyme as the “fastest enzyme reported to date” in terms of the speed of breaking down different plastics. “This makes it a very promising technological development in the field, and demonstrates the better adapted usage of this enzyme,” Sadler said.
8. What’s the function of the first paragraph
A. To explain a unique phenomenon.
B. To stimulate the readers’ curiosity.
C. To analyze the cause of the situation.
D. To provide some background information.
9. What is the challenging problem scientists are facing
A. Turning the scientific dream into a reality.
B. Causing the enzyme to work more effectively.
C. Putting a machine learning model into practice.
D. Making the enzyme dissolve plastics massively.
10. Why are the examples mentioned in Paragraph 6
A. To evaluate the scientists’ previous efforts.
B. To introduce some similar biological means.
C. To prove the possibility of recycling plastics.
D. To stress the importance of plastic-eating bacteria.
11. Which word best describes Sadler’s attitude to the enzyme
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Critical.
阅读理解专练231
D
It has been known for some time that children are able to learn at breathtaking speed. But how does it work That’s what researchers have now found out. Using an artificial intelligence tool and an eye-tracker that tracks the movements of a baby’s eyes, scientists from the Thunders Research Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior investigated one of children’s greatest mysteries and came to a surprising conclusion.
It may seem very different, but babies are certainly not lying around randomly. “Babies don’t explore the world by chance, with their eyes falling on it. Babies have a strategy if they want to understand the world. First, they look for those pieces of information that allow them to understand other information faster and more efficiently. On the contrary, if they see an object or event from which they can learn nothing further, they simply reject it. Only the information useful to them, they select.” says Dr Francesco Poli.
That sounds easier, even for a baby, than done. But how does a baby know what is important and what is not
“Let’s take a good example: learning to talk. What we see as always is that babies who are about to say their first word begin to investigate a few weeks before how to use their mouths to talk. Instead of looking at the eyes in faces, they study carefully for weeks the mouths of the people who talk to them. So they are in a constant state of maximum learning capacity!”
“Babies build their knowledge. They are like little scientists who like to see their idea challenged. For example, they learn very quickly that objects fall down and don’t just disappear. And this is why they love bubbles (泡沫) so much: they do float up and then disappear!”
12. What is the surprising conclusion about children
A. They explore the world purposefully. B. They are attracted to all information.
C. They are breathtakingly fast learners. D. They possess exceptional intelligence.
13. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Studying further. B. Observing the world.
C. Learning strategically. D. Understanding information.
14. Why can bubbles fascinate babies greatly
A. They make little scientists’ life colorful. B. They challenge babies’ existing cognition.
C. They prove what babies have just learned. D. They float up quickly and don’t just disappear.
15. Which word can best describe baby learners according to the author
A. Confident and optimistic. B. Observant and capable.
C. Consistent and persistent. D. Dynamic and responsible.
阅读理解专练232
14. 【江西省省重点校联盟2022-2023学年高三入学摸底联考】
C
Noisy brothers or sisters Loud construction right outside your window A flexible new loudspeaker could help you rest easy. It could someday turn your walls into noise-canceling systems. And when you’re ready to liven things up, use the same wallpaper—or the surfaces of other ordinary objects in your room—to play music.
The new loudspeaker is super thin—about as thick as a few sheets of paper. It’s lightweight and flexible enough to stick to most surfaces. And you can make it big, as in wall-sized, notes Jinchi Han. He’s an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.
Lots of dome-shaped (圆顶状) microstructures cover the surface of the speaker. The researchers start with a thin, flat sheet of some material. Then they use pressure to pull that material through openings to create the dome shapes. When squeezed, the material they use creates an electric charge. But applying an electric field across the material will also cause the domes to expand and contract, Han explains. That can generate sound.
Han points to another benefit of this tech. Large expanses of the new material could make controlling noise a lot easier. Noise-canceling systems already exist. But whether it works for a listener depends on where that listener’s ears are in relation to the approaching sound waves.
Trying to cancel noise this way everywhere inside a room would be tricky Han points out. It would take lots of microphones and speakers, which can be expensive.
Here, each dome works as a tiny speaker. The domes can generate sound waves in groups or individually. Wallpapering your bedroom with this material would create speakers all around you. Those same speakers also could cancel unwanted sound. When desired, you could turn any space into “a quiet zone where you could sleep or study without too much noise,” Han says. He also sees applications in cars, airplanes, apartments or anywhere unwanted noise is a problem.
8 What is the new feature of the loudspeaker
A. It is very big in size.
B. It is made of a kind of paper.
C. It can produce high quality sound.
D. It can stick to most objects easily.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. What the speaker looks like.
B. How the sound is produced.
C. How the domes are created.
D. What functions the domes have.
10. What decides the effect of the old noise-canceling systems
A. The number of domes in the loudspeakers.
B. The length of the approaching sound waves.
C. The distance between ears and sound waves.
D. The frequency of the newly produced waves.
11. Which word can be used to describe this technology
A. Popular. B. Promising. C. Complex. D. Expensive.
阅读理解专练233
D
Want to help butterflies A new study suggests turning off the lights.
Light pollution at night can disturb its abilities to recognize directions, researchers have found. Artificial light can disrupt their circadian (昼夜) rhythms and affect their sense of directions. That can make the butterflies disoriented when they try to fly the next day.
“Darkness is important to butterflies since the internal circadian clock of butterflies functions normally when they are exposed to natural day-night lighting cycles,” study author Patrick Guerra, an assistant professor at the University of Cincinnati, tells Treehugger.
Monarch butterflies migrate (迁徙) by the millions each year, making the trip from northern areas of the continent to California and Mexico and back. Because most butterflies only live for a few weeks to a few months, it takes several generations of butterflies to complete the migration. But too much light at the wrong time can urge the butterflies to take off when they should be resting instead for their voyage.
“As monarch butterflies are a threatened species with their population numbers in decline, we wanted to see what types of environmental stress might be linked to their decline,” Guerra says.
For their study, researchers conducted lab studies where they reproduced the effects of artificial light pollution with butterflies using a flight simulator (模拟器).
They first tested if monarchs treated a single, artificial light source as if it were the actual sun during the day. Once they established what they did, they then tested how the monarchs would behave when exposed to this same artificial light source during their night.
Butterflies stayed quiet and unmoving when they were first placed in the flight simulator in the dark. But as soon as scientists turned on the light, they started flying. The light made them believe that night was day and this can cause them to fly longer at night or start flying too early.
“These findings demonstrate how urbanization can negatively affect important biological phenomena, and therefore allow us to understand how human activity impacts the rest of nature,” Guerra says.
12. What does the underlined word “disoriented” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Slow down. B. Die off. C. Feel sleepy. D. Get lost.
13. What did the researchers want to find out in the study
A. Why the monarch butterflies migrate.
B. What reduced the number of monarch butterflies.
C. Why darkness is important to monarch butterflies.
D. How monarch butterflies adapt to the environment.
14. What might be used in the experiment
A. A flashlight. B. The sun. C. The moon. D. A clock.
15. What can be the best title for the text
A. Natural Light Is Important to Insects
B. Monarch Butterflies Are in Great Danger
C. Butterflies React Actively to Air Pollution
D. Light Pollution Can Affect Butterfly Migration
阅读理解专练234
15.【云南省昆明市五华区2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量摸底检测】
C
We humans rely on a series of signs to recognize our friends, such as their smiles, their voices, or the way they walk. Biologists have known for several decades that dolphins form close friendships, and that the cetaceans (鲸类) identify friends by their unique whistles. Now new surprising research suggests bottlenose dolphins use their sense of taste to recognize their friends from unrelated dolphins through their urine (小便).
Study leader Jason Bruck, a marine biologist at Stephen F. Austin State University in Texas, didn’t set out to test whether bottlenose dolphins could identify each other through their urine. His original goal was to test whether dolphins use their signature whistles in the same way people rely on names. But to do that, he needed a second way for dolphins to identify each other.
To find out if dolphins could associate a whistle with a specific dolphin, Bruck turned to an unlikely substance: urine. A scientist had previously observed wild dolphins purposefully swimming through urine, leading Bruck to suspect they were gathering information from it.
“It was a shot in the dark,” says Bruck, whose study was published this week in the journal Science Advances. “And I was not expecting it to work, to be honest.”
In experiments using caged dolphins, the team discovered that dolphins paid more attention to their friends’ urine and whistles, suggesting they knew the animals that issued them, he says.
The findings are the first strong evidence of an animal identifying other members of its species using taste. They also show that by using at least two signs to identify individuals, dolphins have a complex understanding of their family and friends—much as humans do.
8. Why did Bruck turn to urine
A. To show the types of whistles. B. To study dolphins’ swimming styles.
C. To test dolphins’ ability of recognition. D. To protect dolphins’ living conditions.
9. What does Bruck think of his study
A. It is beyond description. B. It is beyond his expectation.
C. It matches his prediction. D. It goes against previous observation.
10. What’s the main idea of the text
A. Dolphins can identify their friends by taste.
B. Dolphins show deep love for their friends
C. Cetaceans contribute much to modern science.
D. Cetaceans have much in common with humans.
11. What is the text
A. A short story. B. A book review.
C. A biologist’s story. D. A science report.
阅读理解专练235
D
Children are more likely to prefer foods they believe to be natural to human-made options, rating them higher for tastiness, safety and desirability, a study shows.
Researchers at the Universities of Edinburgh and Yale studied the preferences of more than 374 adults and children in the United States when presented with apples and orange juice and told of their origins.
In one study, 137 children aged 6 to 10 years old were shown three apples. They were told one was grown on a farm, one was made in a lab, and another grown on a tree inside a lab. Adults took part in the same study to compare age groups. Both children and adults preferred apples they believed were grown on farms to those grown in labs, researchers found. Children were more likely to refer to freshness, being outside, or sunlight when considering why they chose the farm apple. Adults were more likely to mention naturalness.
In a second study, 85 children aged 5 to 7 years old and a group of 64 adults were shown four different kinds of orange juice—one described as squeezed on a farm, one with no information about it, one with chemicals removed and one described as having chemicals added. Researchers found that the information on the juice’s naturalness had a significant effect on its rating. The participants tended to choose the more natural option based on perceived taste, safety and desire to consume.
Dr Matti Wilks of the University of Edinburgh’s School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences said, “Overall we provide evidence that our tendency to prefer natural food is present in childhood. This research offers a first step towards understanding how these preferences are formed, including whether they are socially learned and what drives our tendency to prefer natural things.”
12. How did researchers draw their conclusion
A. By doing experiments. B. By analyzing reasons.
C. By testing children’s tastes. D. By studying different fruits.
13. What can be inferred about the two studies mentioned in the text
A. Adults prefer apples to orange juice. B. Chemicals do harm to eaters’ health.
C. Naturalness attracts different age groups. D. Labs are where fruits can be easily planted.
14. What’s Dr Wilks’ attitude toward the study
A. Doubtful. B. Tolerant. C. Uncaring. D. Positive.
15. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Which to Choose, Apples or Orange Juice
B. Where to Grow Fruits, on Farms or in Labs
C. Natural Food Is More Mouth-watering to Children
D. Different Age Groups Show Different Preferences.
阅读理解专练236
（2022·北京·高考真题）Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
1．In PASS, students ________.
A．attend new lectures B．decide their own schedules
C．prepare problem sets in groups D．use their skills to solve problems
2．What can students do if a session is full
A．Fill in the attendance sheet. B．Sign up for the waiting list.
C．Report their needs and feedback. D．Email the office their numbers on the list.
3．Students will be deregistered if ________.
A．they send emails in error B．they fail to work interactively
C．they give their places to others D．they miss two sessions in a row
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（2022·江苏南通·高三开学考试）Welcome to Rainbow School Clubs, Kent’s funniest, safest before & after school clubs, summer clubs for 4-to-11-year olds.
The play environment allows the children to be offered a selection of structured activities and play opportunities which take place both in and outdoors, weather permitting, e.g. art & craft, board games, construction activities, role play, clay modeling, home corner, pool table, kwik-cricket, ball games and much more.
Qualified and experienced police check (无犯罪记录) workers understand the importance of play and how this impacts on the individual development needs of children.Workers receive ongoing training to ensure the quality of care is paramount (最高的). All clubs are registered with Ofsted (where legally required to do so), and inspected in accordance with the law & guidance surrounding the care of children in a play environment. Parents/Carers are issued with terms and conditions upon registration. A comprehensive list of policies which the club operates by is available at the clubs. You will be required to complete registration forms for your child prior to joining.
Denise Howard set up Rainbow School Clubs in 2002 to meet the rising demand for out of school childcare. As a parent Denise was aware of the importance of choosing the right child care for your children out of school hours. Rainbow School Clubs aim to widen the alternatives available for parents when choosing childcare by providing affordable good quality care.
A light tea is provided i.e. sandwiches, biscuits, fruit, squash etc. All pick-ups done using our own transport—taxis are not used. For information, contact Denise Howard on 07717214041.
4．Who do Rainbow School Clubs target
A．Workers skilled in playing board games.
B．Employers eager for career development.
C．Children crazy about outdoor play games.
D．Parents in urgent need of off-class childcare.
5．What is the entry requirement for people joining Rainbow School Clubs
A．Fill in the registration forms. B．Receive ongoing training.
C．Inspect the play environment. D．Give tips on the operation.
6．Which of the following is unavailable at the club
A．The good childcare. B．Taxi pick-ups.
C．The qualified staff. D．Fruits and biscuits.
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（2022·重庆八中高三开学考试）POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington DC for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
7．How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
8．What will each of the honorable mention winners get
A．A special T-shirt. B．A plane ticket.
C．A photo of Amelia Earhart. D．A book by Corinne Szabo.
9．Which of the following will result in disqualification
A．Writing a poem of 120 words B．Typing your poem out.
C．Using both sides of the paper. D．Mailing your entry on October 30.
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（2022·湖北·高三开学考试）This is not a problem in Munich even if it is already the afternoon. The last light of the day can always be enjoyed. Here are four hiking tours for late risers and after-work athletes. Let’s get out into nature quickly.
The Sundown Tour
With a bit of luck, after 5 p. m. you will have the whole view to yourself. Lake Walchensee lies below, opposite is the Herzogstand mountain, with the red sun setting below it. If you are walking down the mountain in the dark, however, you should always have headlamps with you, otherwise it will become too dangerous.
The Quick Tour
Sometimes the god stuff is so much closer than you think, on the Neureuth mountain, for example. The tour from the railway station in Tegermsee up to the mountain is comparably short and therefore suitable for all walkers who just want to stretch their legs after work has finished.
The Railway Tour
The greatest advantage of the Laber for late-in-the-day leisure walkers lies, however, in the mountain railway: its last trip down the mountain doesn’t leave until between 4:30 p.m. and 5 p.m. So you do not need to worry whether you still have enough time for the relaxing return journey.
The Cycling Tour
Who says that people who like to take exercise later on in the day always have to walk Even many Munich residents forget that, in addition to the river Isar, there is a river in the city which is just as beautiful. If you want to explore the river and the associated Wurmtal valley, rent a bike and follow the shore from Pasing over Grafelfing and Gauting as far as Starnberg.
10．Which tour best suits a tourist who prefers doing light exercise
A．The Sundown Tour. B．The Quick Tour.
C．The Railway Tour. D．The Cycling Tour.
11．What is needed to take the Cycling Tour
A．A headlamp. B．A guide. C．A mountain bike. D．A railway ticket.
12．What do the four tours have in common
A．Providing safety experience. B．Demanding a low budget.
C．Covering rivers and valleys. D．Suiting after-work tourists.
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（2022·河南·高三开学考试）Many summer camps have had to cancel their programming due to COVID-19. So we have found a great selection of virtual summer camps for your children.
Happy Camper Live
Ages: 5~ 18
Cost: $499 a month .
What is special about Happy Camper Live is that there are hundreds of camp adventures and experiences to choose from to offer your children unique camp experience. Children can make fun with a world-class athlete, play volleyball with a national high school champion and learn a new art, craft or musical instrument.
Smart Robots Virtual Camp
Ages: 7 ~11
Cost: $179 for two weeks
Campers will receive a smart coding robot of choice and learning materials and apps to get them started in this camp. This camp is made as much of a social experience as possible. At the end of camp, each child will be certificated as a “junior coder”，have made penfriends for life and have new skills and knowledge to bring into their classrooms in the fall.
Written Out Loud
Ages: 8~17
Cost: $250 per week
The storytelling school Written Out Loud has transformed its program to a virtual storytelling workshop. Founded in 2018 by a Hollywood film-maker, Witten Out Loud offers classes for children aged 8 to 17 that combine a range of disciplines such as creative writing, film-making and even improving comedy.
Got Game Summer Academy
Ages: 4~12
Cost: $195 for two weeks
With a focus on reading, writing and math, Got Game will help your children stay academically on track while still having fun in an energized virtual learning environment. Children will receive personalized attention from teachers while also participating in games that center around communication on group projects and building individual skills.
13．What’s special about Happy Camper Live
A．It offers a large number of different activities.
B．It’s the most expensive of the four camps.
C．It focuses on improving musical skills.
D．It was founded by a world-class athlete.
14．Where can campers make penfriends with others
A．In Written Out Loud. B．In Happy Camper Live.
C．In Smart Robots Virtual Camp. D．In Got Game Summer Academy.
15．What do Written Out Loud and Got Game Summer Academy have in common
A．They enable children to learn while playing games.
B．They improve children’ s writing skills.
C．They teach children how to make films.
D．They are suitable for children above 12.
专题12.答案
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【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B
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【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A
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【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. C
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【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
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【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. B
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答案：28-31 ABDB
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答案：32-35 DBCA
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【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B
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【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D
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【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C
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【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B
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【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. B
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【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D
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【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D
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【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
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1．D 2．B 3．D
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4．D 5．A 6．B
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7．B 8．A 9．A
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10．B 11．C 12．D
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13．A 14．C 15．B
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