专题18 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案）

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高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题18.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练341
13.【2022. 山东青岛市2022届高三一模·D】
We are often so attracted by the promises of modem digital life that we fail to notice its danger. It’s that feeling of losing control that we get a dozen times a day, from when we get distracted(分心)with our phones in a discussion to when we can’t appreciate a private moment without sharing it with virtual audience.
In my first attempt to get control over my technology use, I set my phone to vibrate rather than ring. Soon after, another problem appeared. The act of continually checking the phone became a habit. I knew then that using only tips to permanently reform digital life is difficult. We should go past the notification settings(通知模式)on our devices or apps and consider the more essential topic of why we use so many apps in the first place. What all of us who are struggling with these challenges need is a technology usage philosophy, something that explains from the ground up which digital tools we allow into our lives, why, and under what conditions.
Cal Newport, a professor of computer science, defines Digital Minimalism(极简主义)as a “philosophy of technology use in which you focus your online time on a small number of carefully selected activities that strongly support the things you value, and then happily miss out on everything else.”
To do so, however, we cannot passively allow the tools and apps provided by the internet age to control how we spend our time or how we feel. Instead, we must take steps to draw the positive aspects of these technologies while sidestepping the negative aspects.
32．What does “its danger” in the first paragraph refer to
A．Feeling depressed. B．Getting distracted in a discussion.
C．Giving up private moments. D．Losing control of your digital life.
33．Why does the author mention his own experiences
A．To make a comparison. B．To explain a phenomenon.
C．To bring in a better solution. D．To clarify misunderstandings.
34．Which of the following will digital minimalists agree to
A．Ignoring the side effect of digital tools. B．Devoting your screen time to valuable things.
C．Spending more time selecting information. D．Getting away from entertainment apps.
35．What’s the text mainly about
A．Reforms in life. B．Technology challenges.
C．Apps and social media sites. D．Technology usage philosophy.
阅读理解专练342
1.【2022. 广东省名校2022届高三年级下学期联合测试·D】
Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right. The concept of integrity has played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to social relations. Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other. Besides, societies can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.
Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society. It can shape the lives of people living in a particular society, the lives of all fellow people and, in its broadest sense, even the destiny of a nation. By contrast, if those living in the society are corrupt, it could have bad effects, jeopardizing the healthy morality of the society.
On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal development on its members. Being a part of such a morally lively community could serve as a basis for absorbing traits of good character. This could be of a distinct advantage to any individuals in the society.
Nonetheless, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue integrity. If that is the case, we have to ask questions about the moral nature of society first before raising questions about individual integrity. Questions about integrity may turn out to be about what kind of society it is, rather than about the relationship between individual interests and characteristics of a society. The pursuit of adequate individual integrity often depends, not so much on understanding who one is and what one believes and is committed to, but rather understanding what one’s society is and imagining what it could be.
Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society. People, who are honest, trustworthy, compassionate and caring, are the factors decisive in the growth of individuals as well as the development of a society.
32．Individual integrity has been valued in society because ______.
A．it helps develop philosophy B．it is crucial to social relations
C．it is the basis of critical thinking D．it ensures people’s particular roles
33．The underlined word “jeopardizing” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”.
A．strengthening B．assessing
C．influencing D．destroying
34．What does the author believe according to the passage
A．Individual integrity relies on what one has faith in.
B．The pursuit of individual integrity changes with time.
C．The nature of society is decided by economic development.
D．Social structures guide the formation of individual integrity.
35．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point C: Conclusion
A． B．
C． D．
阅读理解专练343
2.【2022. 河北省衡水中学2022届高三上学期第二次调研考试·C】
While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.
Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.
“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B．White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
28．What can we learn about the verbing of nouns
A．It hasn’t recently been opposed by many grammarians.
B．It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
C．It hasn’t been a rare phenomenon in the past century.
D．It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice
29．What is most leading experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns
A．Cautious. B．Satisfied. C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
30．What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns
A．Predictable. B．Practicable. C．Approaching. D．Impossible.
31．What is the best title for the text
A．Are 40 Percent of all new verbs from nouns？ B．Are Summering and Medaling Annoying
C．Are You Comfortable about a New Verb D．Are There Any Rules for Verbing
阅读理解专练344
（2022·广东深圳·二模）The rechargeable lithium-ion （锂离子） battery market is worth more than ＄50 billion. Lithium-ion batteries, whose demand continues to go up day by day, are used in a wide range of electronic devices. They are made of four main components, and cathode （阴极） is one of them. The cathode's active material type is what determines the capacity of a battery.
A recent study, led by Wang Yan, a material scientist of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, finds that lithium-ion batteries made with recycled cathodes work better than those with new cathodes.
“The battery industry is expected to grow sharply in the next decade. This high demand has led companies to go to extremes, like increasing deep-sea mining, to gain access to the minerals used in lithium-ion batteries, ” Wang said. “Mining minerals will have environmental impacts. Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries offers a way out. ”
But until now, the prospect of using recycled materials in lithium-ion batteries has some manufacturers （制造商） worrying that it could impact performance. Thus, lithium-ion batteries are still not widely recycled. Aware of decreasing resources and environmental impact, Wang and other researchers set out to find a way to make recycling lithium-ion batteries economically practical. Through experiments, they could recover more than 90% of the key metals from spent batteries. These recovered metals became the basis of the new recycled battery's cathode's active material.
In tests between Wang's team's recycled batteries and brand-new batteries of the same composition, the recycled batteries outperform the new ones in their ability to maintain capacity. It took 11, 600 charge cycles for recycled cathode batteries to lose 30 percent of their original capacity. That was about 50 percent better than the 7, 600 observed cycles for new cathode batteries, the team reported. Those thousands of extra cycles could translate into years of better battery performance, even after repeated use and recharging.
1．What can we learn about lithium-ion batteries from the first paragraph
A．They are high in price.
B．They are in great demand.
C．They are limited in use.
D．They are simple in composition.
2．What does Wang mainly talk about in paragraph 3
A．The target users of recycled batteries.
B．The ways to get minerals for batteries.
C．The major reasons for recycling batteries.
D．The complex process of recycling batteries.
3．What are the manufacturers concerned about
A．Declining mineral resources.
B．Difficult recycling techniques.
C．Serious environmental problems.
D．Inefficient battery performance.
4．Which of the following details best supports the main idea of the text
A．The battery industry is going to develop dramatically.
B．Recycling batteries reduces impact on the environment.
C．Scientists can recover key materials from spent batteries.
D．Recycled batteries outperform new ones in charging circles.
阅读理解专练345
（2022·山西朔州·三模）Genome-edited(基因编辑) food made with CRISPR-Cas9 technology is being sold on the open market for the first time. Since September, the Sicilian Rouge tomatoes, which are genetically edited to contain high amounts of Y-aminobutyric acid(γ-氨基丁酸)(GABA), have been sold direct to consumers in Japan by Tokyo-based Sanatech Seed. The company claims oral intake of GABA can help support lower blood pressure and promote relaxation.
“In Japan, dietary supplements and foods enriched for GABA are popular among the public, ”says Hiroshi Ezura, chief technology officer at Sanatech. “GABA is a famous health-promoting compound in Japan. It’s like vitamin C,” he says. More than 400 GABA-enriched food and beverage products, such as chocolates, are already on the Japanese market. “That’s why we chose this as our first target for our genome editing technology,” he says.
Sanatech, a startup from the University of Tsukuba, first tested the appetite of consumers in Japan for the genome-edited fruit in May 2021 when it sent free seedling CRISPR-edited tomato plants to about 4,200 home gardeners who had requested them. Encouraged by the positive demand, the company started direct internet sales of fresh tomatoes in September and a month later took orders for seedlings for next growing season. Japan’s regulators approved the tomato in December 2020.
Since its beginning a decade ago, CR1SPR-Cas9 genome editing has become a tool of choice for plant bioengineers. Researchers have successfully used it to develop non-browning mushrooms, drought-tolerant soybeans and a host of other creative traits in plants. Many have received a green light from US regulators. But before Sanatech’s tomato, no CRISPR-edited food crops were known to have been commercialized.
Consumers may find food ingredients made with some of the older DNA editing techniques. Indeed, Calyxt in 2019 commercialized a TALEN-edited soybean oil that is free of trans fats. So it was only a matter of time before a CRISPR-edited crop reached palates.
5．Why was GABA-enriched food chosen for genome editing technology
A．It is easy to edit its genome. B．It is popular among the public.
C．It can replace vitamin C． D．It can cure people of diseases.
6．What does the author want to say about the seedlings in Para. 3
A．They are in great demand. B．They are very expensive.
C．They are still under doubt. D．They are free up to now.
7．Why were non-browning mushrooms mentioned in the 4th paragraph
A．To prove TALEN-genome editing’s wide use.
B．To prove CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing’s popularity.
C．To prove CRISPR-edited crops’ creative traits.
D．To prove TALEN-edited soybean oil’s advantages.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．TALEN-edited Tomatoes Are Supposed to Come Out
B．Which Are More Nutrient, TALEN-edited or CRISPR-edited Tomatoes
C．Why GABA Has Such an Appeal at the Present Time
D．CRISPR-edited Tomatoes Are Supposed to Make You Relaxed
阅读理解专练346
（2022·山西朔州·三模）The Ontario Student Assistance Program (OSAP) is a financial aid program that can help you pay for college or university. When you apply for OSAP, we automatically consider you for both grants (money you don’t have to pay back) and a loan.
What OSAP can help with
OSAP can help you pay for:
tuition
books and equipment
fees charged by your school
living expenses (full-time students only)
child care (for full-time and part-time students with children)
Who can get OSAP
OSAP is open to Ontario residents of any age who are:
Canadian citizens
permanent residents, or protected persons
Who is not eligible（有资格的）
You may not be eligible for OSAP if you:
don’t meet the academic progress requirements
have enough financial resources, including other forms of government aid, to cover your expenses allowed by OSAP
report income on your OSAP application that’s significantly different from what you reported to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) failed a credit check are an international student are not a resident of Ontario
How much you can get
The amount of money you can get depends on your:
education expenses-the amount of money you need for tuition, books, child care (for full-time and part-time students), personal living expenses (full-time students), supplies and equipment
course load-whether you’re a full-time or part-time student
program hours- for students in micro-credential programs only
personal financial situation-based on you and your family’s income, family size and other factors
9．What can a part-time student expect OSAP to do
A．To cover the tuition needed. B．To tend his/her children.
C．To provide living expenses. D．To afford a scholarship.
10．Who can get help from OSAP
A．A resident of New York.
B．A Chinese exchange student.
C．A citizen with income report on OSAP application.
D．A poor student who has not any government aid.
11．What can be learned about the amount of money you can get
A．It mainly varies with your program hours.
B．It is fixed regardless of education expenses.
C．It changes with the course load of applicants.
D．It has nothing to do with financial situation.
阅读理解专练347
（2022·安徽·模拟预测）Every person yawns. So do many other vertebrate (有脊椎的) animals, including snakes, dogs, cats, sharks, and chimpanzees. While yawning is contagious (会传染的), not everyone catches a yawn. Around 60-70% of people yawn if they see another person yawn in real life or in a photo or even read about yawning. Contagious yawning also occurs in animals, but it doesn’t necessarily work the same way as in people.
Scientists have proposed many theories for why we catch yawns. Probably the most popular theory is that yawning serves as a form of nonverbal communication. Catching a yawn shows you’re accustomed to a person’s emotions. Scientific evidence comes from a 2010 study at the University of Connecticut, which concluded yawning does not become contagious until a child is about four years old when empathy (共情) skills develop. In the study, children with autism, who may have impaired empathy development, caught yawns less often than their peers.
Studying contagious yawning in other animals may provide clues to how people catch yawns. Contagious yawning in animals may serve as a means of communication. Siamese fighting fish yawn when they see their mirror image or another fighting fish, generally just prior to an attack.
Contagious yawning is linked to temperature, in both animals and people. Most scientists speculate it is a thermoregulatory behavior, while some researchers believe it is used to communicate a potential threat or stressful situation. A 2010 study of budgerigars (虎皮鹦鹉) found that yawning increased as temperature was raised near body temperature.
People commonly yawn when tired or bored. Similar behavior is seen in animals. One study found the brain temperature in sleep deprived rats was higher than their core temperature. Yawning reduced brain temperature, possibly improving brain function. Researchers will do further study on this.
12．What can we learn about yawning from Paragraph 1
A．All animals yawn.
B．Reading about yawning may make a person yawn.
C．Only vertebrate animals yawn.
D．Yawning works the same for human and animals.
13．Why does the author mention children with autism in Paragraph 2
A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept
C．To develop the theme. D．To provide the background.
14．Siamese fighting fish yawn to ________.
A．show kindness. B．find a partner.
C．give a threat. D．escape from danger.
15．What can be inferred from the passage
A．More research in yawning will be carried out in the future.
B．Temperature is not a factor concerning yawning.
C．The secret to yawing has been worked out.
D．Yawning can improve brain function greatly.
阅读理解专练348
（2022·辽宁·兴城市第二高级中学一模）If you were to rate the most walkable cities in the world, what would you look for Would it be how shaded the sidewalks are How many benches there are along the way to your destination Or maybe how close you are to shops or local attractions
Well, the researchers at the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP), located in New York. US, wanted to know which of the world’s cities were the best for pedestrians (行人). So, they did just that.
To determine which cities were the most walkable, they rated cities based on factors such as how close citizens were to car-free areas like public parks, how close citizens lived in relation to schools and hospitals, and how short their journeys were overall.
According to the study, they found that the most walkable cities in the world are London, Paris, Bogota and Hong Kong. Overall, London was at the top of the list, outranking (超过) nearly 1, 000 cities around the world on these key factors.
“In order to provide safety and inviting walking conditions for all city residents, it is essential to shift the balance of space in our cities away from cars, providing more travel options for people,” CEO of ITDP Heather Thompson told the magazine Cities Today. She continued, “We have so much to gain-from cleaner air to better health to stronger local economies and deeper bonds within communities, and we all need that now more than ever. ”
Unfortunately, it seems that very few cities make pedestrians a priority, though.
“Our city streets across the planet are already full of cars. If you really want to see the worst for walkability, it is the really sprawling (杂乱无序伸展的) cities of the US, ” commented Taylor Reich, a research associate at ITDP and the primary author of the guide to making cities more walkable.
So, what can cities do to make their streets friendlier for pedestrians
“There’s no one secret sauce; there’s no one thing you can do to make a city walkable, ” Reich said. “It’s many decisions that are made at all levels from individual streets all the way up to the city design.”
16．What’s the purpose of the study
A．To call on cities to make streets more walkable.
B．To find out the most walkable cities around the world.
C．To investigate pedestrians’ satisfaction with city life.
D．To explore factors impacting the walkability of cities.
17．On what basis do researchers measure a city’s walkability
A．The amount of green space on sidewalks.
B．Traffic and road conditions for pedestrians.
C．The number of public services for pedestrians.
D．Accessibility of certain destinations to pedestrians.
18．What does Heather Thompson suggest to improve walking conditions
A．Increasing travel choices. B．Developing local economies.
C．Limiting the number of cars. D．Connecting local communities.
19．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A．Cars are major contributors to reduced walkability.
B．US cities are designed to give priority to pedestrians.
C．It is everyone’s responsibility to make a city walkable.
D．Both small and large scale measures are required to improve walkability.
阅读理解专练349
（2022·辽宁·兴城市第二高级中学一模）Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui ruins in Southwest China show that the region’s ancient Shu Kingdom Civilization shared similarities with the Maya.
The Sanxingdui ruins, located in the city of Guanghan, about 60 kilometers from Chengdu, belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years, while the Mayan civilization built its city states around 200 AD．
The bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolied the union of heaven, earth and the underworld In the Mayan civilization. “They are very important similarities,” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist, stressing that “the representations of tees in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar”.
One notable feature of the recent discoveries at Sanxingdui was the cross-subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts as fragile as silk remains, which other types of less careful digging methods would not have been able to manage.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Maya world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental,” says Santos.
20．What is a similarity between the Shu Kingdom and Maya civilization
A．Their starting time. B．Their historical origins.
C．Their cultural symbols. D．Their ceremony traditions.
21．What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins
A．Damp weather. B．Positioning of ruins.
C．High latitude. D．Language barriers.
22．What is the focus of Santos quote in the last paragraph
A．The future of the China-Mexico cooperation.
B．The benefits of speaking a different language.
C．The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
D．The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.
23．Where is this text most likely from
A．Ahistorical novel. B．A newspaper. C．A research review. D．A guidebook.
阅读理解专练350
（2022·辽宁·兴城市第二高级中学一模）Traveling alone can be daunting. I have traveled by myself many times but, on every occasion, there was someone to meet me at the other end of the bus, train or plane journey. This time was different.
Last week I had a holiday from work, but none of my friends had the same week off. I decided that I still wanted to do something, so I booked a train ride to Toronto and reserved a bed in a hostel for one week.
One week by myself. Would I be lonely Would I be bored Quite the opposite. In fact, there are many benefits that come from traveling alone. Firstly, I was able to do whatever I wanted. I spent hours in museums that would have seemed boring and dull to some of my friends. I walked all around the city which some people may have found too exhausting. Instead relying on someone else to remember directions or to suggest activities to do, I discovered my independence and developed map-reading skills that I didn’t know I had. I could get up and go to sleep when I wanted and I didn’t have to wait for anyone else to and get ready every morning. Being in the safe environment of a hostel with like-minded travelers also gives a great opportunity to meet new people from all over the worlds, which can combat loneliness.
In spite of the benefits, I found that there were also some disadvantages of traveling alone. I missed having someone to talk to and to bounce ideas off. Experiences are often more enjoyable if they are shared, and part of the fun of traveling is the memories you have afterwards. Without a travel partner, I won’t be able to laugh about and remember my Toronto adventure with a friend or family member in years to come. In addition, eating in a restaurant or cooking in the hostel was less fun on my own.
I am very proud of myself for traveling alone, and I had a fantastic time in Toronto. However, in the future, I think I will always prefer to travel with another person or in a small group. Though, maybe it depends who you travel with — I would rather be by myself than with someone who is lazy, difficult and argumentative.
24．What happened to the author last week
A．She lost her way during a trip to Toronto.
B．She booked a group tour to Toronto with her friends.
C．She travelled alone to Toronto during a work vacation.
D．She felt lonely away from home and missed her family.
25．What can we learn from the article
A．The author finds it boring and dull to visit museums.
B．The author has always had great map-reading skills.
C．The author believes she could benefit by travling alone more.
D．The author enjoys sharing travling stories with family and friends.
26．What does the underlined word “combat” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Learn about. B．Fight against. C．Adapt to. D．Live with.
27．Which of the following words can best describe the author
A．Optimistic and talkative. B．Humorous and generous.
C．Ambitious and imaginative. D．Enthusiastic and independent.
阅读理解专练351
（2022·河北秦皇岛·二模）“Boreout (闷爆) is different from burnout (精疲力竭) in the sense that bored-out employees rarely break down with exhaustion. Bored-out people may be present physically but not in spirit, and people can keep doing this for a good while,” says Harju, who has studied boreout for years.
Workers who realize they’re experiencing boreout may also be unwilling to flag it up as an issue to line managers or human resources. “While the behaviors that feed into burnout — overwork, drive — are appreciated and rewarded by employers, boreout reflects a lack of interest, a lack of motivation,” says Harju. “These are things that are avoided in organizations.”
There are some quick fixes, like taking on work tasks that are more interesting to you. But a 2016 study Harju and her colleagues worked on showed that people who had boreout were less likely to engage in constructive activities like trying to find new, interesting challenges at work.
What happens more often, she says, is that people will just show up at their desks and spend time shopping online, chatting with colleagues or planning other activities. She says that these people aren’t lazy, but are using these behaviours as “coping mechanisms”.
Fahri Ozsungur, an associate professor of economics at Mersin University, Turkey, who was behind the 2021 study on the health effects of boreout, points out that combating the phenomenon isn’t just down to the individual. “Giving meaning to the job is not just up to the employees,” he says. “Instead, it’s up to management to create an office culture that makes people feel valuable.”
If you think boreout is seriously affecting your health either physically or mentally, it may be valuable to ask yourself how you might be able to reselect your career path toward something healthier for you. Seek the advice from advisers, career consultants, friends and family.
“If only people take its suggestion, boreout can make a change into something else: a different career entirely, or a different role in the organization,” Harju says.
28．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic of the text. B．To describe people with burnout.
C．To explain what burnout is. D．To tell us who Harju is.
29．Why do people prefer not to talk about their boreout
A．They lack relevant knowledge. B．They are warned not to talk about it.
C．They may not want it to be known to employers. D．They fear to be laughed at by their colleagues.
30．What does the underlined word “combating” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Encouraging. B．Blaming. C．Trusting. D．Fighting.
31．Which of the following may Harju agree with
A．Forcing employers to increase salaries. B．Sticking to the job until you adapt to it.
C．Trying spending more time with your family. D．Considering changing a new job interesting you.
阅读理解专练352
（2022·安徽·模拟预测）What does it take to become an astronaut It’s a question that’s been asked since the start of the Space Age in the 1960s. In those days, pilots were considered the most well-trained professionals, so military fliers were first in line to go to space. More recently, people from a wide range of professional backgrounds - doctors, scientists, and even teachers- have trained to live and work in near-Earth orbit. Even so, those selected to go to space must meet high standards.
People who want to become astronauts must be in top physical condition. Each country’s space program has health requirements for its space travelers. They usually assess a candidate’s fitness to withstand some pretty tough conditions. For example, a good candidate must have the ability to endure the rigors of lift-off and to function in weightlessness. All astronauts must have good visual acuity and normal blood pressure. Beyond that, there is no age limit. Most astronaut trainees are between the ages of 25 and 46, although older people have also flown to space later in their careers.
People who go to space are usually self-confident, risk-takers, adept at stress management and multitasking. They also need to be able to work as part of a team for any given assignment. On Earth, astronauts are usually required to perform various public relations duties. such as speaking to the public, working with other professionals, and sometimes even testifying before government officials. So, astronauts who can relate well to many different kinds of people are seen as valuable team members.
Often, astronauts have a background as scientists and many have high-level degrees, like Ph. Ds. Others have military training or space industry expertise. Regardless of their background, once an astronaut is accepted into a country’s space program, he or she goes through rigorous training to actually live and work in space.
32．Which of the following is of least importance to an astronaut
A．Normal blood pressure. B．Good eyesight.
C．Tough body. D．Young age
33．According to the passage, an astronaut is one who
A．is strong and healthy. B．has self-confidence
C．can work under great pressure D．All of the above.
34．Why are astronauts asked to perform public duties
A．To make them famous among people.
B．To relieve their feeling of tension.
C．To raise their awareness of teamwork.
D．To promote public interest in the aerospace.
35．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Everyone Can be an Astronaut
B．The Professional Qualities of an Astronaut
C．Training Astronauts is Much Easier Nowadays
D．It’s not Mysterious to be an Astronaut
阅读理解专练353
（2022·辽宁锦州·一模）Since pre-industrial times, the world’s oceans have warmed by an average of 1 degree Celsius. Now researchers report that those rising temperatures have led to widespread changes in the population size of marine（海洋的）species.
A new study from the University of Bristol,UK, aims to find out how climate change is impacting the distribution,population and seasonality of marine species.
The study’s senior author,Martin Genner, an evolutionary ecologist, said: “We found the same trend across all groups of marine life we looked at， from plankton（浮游生物）to marine invertebrates（无脊椎动物），and from fish to seabirds. ”
Based on these findings,researchers reasoned that marine species should be doing well at the leading edge of their ranges but poorly at their trailing side.
The study found that 304 widely distributed marine species over the last century were indeed more abundant（大量的）at the poleward ends of their sample range. This suggests that marine species haven’t managed to adapt to warmer conditions. They may continue to move poleward as sea temperatures increase further,impactiing the livelihood of equatorward coastal towns.
“This matters because it means that climate change is not only leading to abundance changes,but affects the performance of species locally,” Genner said. “While some marine life may benefit as the ocean warms,we will also see continued loss of marine in the near future. ”
The researchers said that more work is needed to understand how climate change has affected marine life in all regions of the world in greater detail. Genner questioned, “Is this mainly related to the physiological（生理的）limits of the species, or instead due to changes in the species with which they interact ”
36．What does the new study from the University of Bristol try to discover
A．How many marine species the climate change influences.
B．Directions in which marine species move in different seasons.
C．How the climate change affects the population of marine species.
D．Similarities between certain species affected by the climate change.
37．What did the study find
A．There are new marine species in the poles.
B．At least 304 marine species were less widely distributed.
C．There is a sharp decline in the number of marine species.
D．The abundance of many marine species increased on poleward sides.
38．What does the finding suggest
A．Climate change can make the coast inhabitable.
B．Marine species haven’t adjusted to warmer temperatures.
C．Marine species may continue to move toward the equator.
D．Ocean warming improves the environment for marine species.
39．According to the text, what should future research focus on
A．The interaction among marine species.
B．The physiological limits of marine species.
C．The other possible factors behind this trend.
D．The changes in the performance of local species.
阅读理解专练354
（2022·安徽·三模）After you finish your fries, eat the ketchup packet. When you add your pasta to boiling waler, put the bag into the pot, too. If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven’t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging. Notpla design director Karlijn Sibbel says they look lo nature as inspiration for the ideal packaging like the skin on a fruit. “A peel will eventually be used as nutrients by nature, and disappear and become a part of the cycle.” she said.
According to the UN, 9.15 billion tons of plastic has been produced since the early 1950s, and about 60% has been land-filled or abandoned outdoors. Micro-plastics, which are often the result of larger plastics breaking down, pollute the ocean, the air and our bodies. Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful. In the US, some places have taken action: New York banned most plastic shopping bags, and in Miami Beach, plastic straws have been outlawed. “Overseas, the European Union put a broad ban on single-use plastics into effect this summer.” the government announced in August.
Notpla’s founders, Rodrigo Garoia González and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops.” Sibbel explained. There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. Seaweed doesn’t use land; it doesn’t use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in.
“As they scale up, Notpla’s team hopes seaweed could replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more broadly.” Sibbel said. But with the volume of plastics used around the world, she understands the enormity(巨大)of such a task. “I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything, but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.” she said.
1．What does the author mainly talk about in the first paragraph
A．The tasty food made from seaweed such as pasta.
B．Common functions of seaweed.
C．The famous company called Notpla.
D．Plastic packaging made from seaweed.
2．What can be learned about plastic pollution and solutions from the passage
A．Micro-plastics can only be found in the sea.
B．The single-use plastics are considered avoidable by many experts.
C．More than half of the plastic produced has been land-filled.
D．The European Union and the US have completely slopped using single-use plastics.
3．Which is not the reason for the company’s founders turning to seaweed
A．It is pesticide-free.
B．It is easily accessible.
C．It can grow on land.
D．It can do good to the ocean.
4．Which word best describes Karlijn Sibbel’s attitude to the future use of seaweed
A．Optimistic.
B．Uncertain.
C．Negative.
D．Worried.
阅读理解专练355
（2022·江西新余·二模）Thanks to YouTube, Streaming first caught on in 2005. Today nearly three quarters of American households subscribe to at least one video streaming service. With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video. But for every Goliath, there are a hundred Davids. Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime.
In the early days of streaming the appeal was the lower cost, and it still is. The average streamer spends $37 a month and subscribes to three streaming platforms, while the average cable ser pays more than $200 per month. Still streaming has become more expensive in recent years. In 2019, Netflix raised the price of its basic service 12. 5 percent to $8.99 a month. A quarter of its subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would cancel their subscriptions. Few did.
A major reason: streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series, including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, and last year, Netflix received more Oscar nominations than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year. Usually only films shown in theaters are considered, but because of the coronavirus, all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Oscar Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on a new streaming service, Amazon Prime Video. But watching Mulan from your own home will cost $29.99 — on top of the service’s monthly fee of $6.99.
Too much streaming can have its disadvantages, however. There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition “to watch many or all episodes of a TV series on end.” Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours.
5．What do the underlined words “Goliath” and “David” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．TV viewers. B．TV programs.
C．Streaming services. D．Streaming subscribers.
6．Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions
A．They cannot go without it. B．They think it is good value for money.
C．Netflix has controlled the market. D．They think the low cost is a thing of the past.
7．What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney
A．The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award.
B．The movie Mulan will generate great profits.
C．The movie Mulan can be released on Amazon Prime Video.
D．The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar.
8．What do binge-watchers tend to do
A．They watch TV series continuously. B．They start a new life.
C．They break world records. D．They watch TV series aimlessly
阅读理解专练356
（2022·山西朔州·三模）Mankind’s attempts at achieving physical beauty is nothing new (the use of beauty products dates back to ancient Egypt and Rome) but the methods we use to achieve that “perfect look” have certainly evolved. Americans spend billions of dollars each year on a variety of beauty products. Some people will stop at nothing to maintain a youthful appearance. Just how far would you go to achieve that youthful glow
For brave individuals with common aches and muscle pains, Ada Barak’s northern Israel spa (休闲健身中心) offers a slippery solution. In this $70 procedure, dozens of non-poisonous snakes are laid over the body, causing a variety of sensations. Small snakes, such as the milk snake, brush lightly over the skin; larger ones, such as corn and king snakes, provide deeper pressure to alleviate painful muscles.
Temperature treatment method dates back hundreds of years，and Europeans have long applied the use of “cold saunas” to restore the body and reduce chronic pain. The first spa in North America to offer “cryotherapy” was opened in 2010 by Sparkling Hill Resort in British Colombia, Canada. For $45, clients can participate in an icy 3-minute introductory session in which they expose themselves (under close supervision (监管)) to a-110℃ (-166°F) temperature room. Frozen stiff or re-energized You’ll have to see for yourself.
When a pumice stone (浮石) isn’t enough, some people turn to fish to soften their heels. “Fish pedicures” are popular in Europe and Asia, and run between $40 and $100. The practice is slowly popping up in American salons—though some states have cited hygienic (清洁) issues and banned the treatment. Prior to a traditional pedicure, clients soak their feet in a pool with over 100 garra rufa fish (from the family Cypriniformes), which eat away dead skin to leave feet soft and refreshed.
9．What does the underlined word “alleviate” in para. 2 mean
A．Assist. B．Relieve. C．Refresh. D．Advance.
10．What can we learn about the temperature treatment
A．It lasts no more than 3 minutes. B．It watches over clients’ safety.
C．It happens in a very warm room. D．It aims to deal with chronic pain.
11．What can be inferred about a pumice stone
A．It costs between $40 and $100.
B．It is popular in Europe and Asia.
C．People can use it to clear themselves of dirt.
D．People have begun to complain about its issues.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．The history of beauty products. B．The potential of beauty industry.
C．Some funny ways of beauty treatment. D．Some reasons to achieve “perfect look”.
阅读理解专练357
（2022·广西·玉林市第十一中学模拟预测）A century ago, you needn’t travel far to find unique fruits or vegetables. Today, because of the widespread adoption of industrial farming practices, about 90 per cent of North America’s fruit and vegetable varieties have disappeared. With that goes resilience (适应力) against pests and future weather patterns, not to mention delicious flavors. But a group of Canadians have taken crop diversity into their own gardening gloves.
The rescue mission started in the early 1980s with about 100 backyard gardeners from B．C, Ontario and Quebec. To keep their favorite varieties spreading, the gardeners decided to save and share their own seeds. Soon 1, 000 of these growers were mailing seeds across the country.
In 1995, these gardeners formed Seeds of Diversity, a nonprofit focused on preserving Canada’s botanical (植物的) heritage. A little over a decade later, the group founded the Canadian Seed Library to house each crop variety. The Seed Library now stocks (贮存) more than 2, 900 seed varieties, stored in a closet at the nonprofit’s office in downtown Waterloo.
To keep the library well stocked, Seeds of Diversity operates an adopt-a-seed program; members pay between S50 and S250 - the cost of full sponsorship - to introduce a specifc variety into the seed library forever. Under the program, volunteers sign up for spring growing, and tiny envelopes are mailed to each taker; the rarest seeds are sent to the most experienced gardeners. At the end of the growing season, packages of fresh seeds are shipped back to Waterloo for drying, weighing and testing, before going into storage.
Bob Wildfong, the executive director of the organization, considers the purple striped pole bean, an old Mennonite variety from the Waterloo area, his current favorite seed. He says the humble bean signifies something he’s found most beautiful about seed saving: the links between people and families. “I’m growing this Mennonite bean, and it’s not from my family, ” Wildfong says. “But now it’s part of my life, and I would like someone else to adopt it so it becomes part of their life, too. ”
13．What can we infer based on the first paragraph
A．Fewer Canadians are doing gardening now.
B．Varied crops can better fight pests and bad weather.
C．Today’s fruits and vegetables are less healthy than before.
D．Industrial farming practices have increased crop diversity.
14．What do we know about Seeds of Diversity and the Canadian Seed Library
A．The Canadian Seed Library was established in 1995.
B．Seeds of Diversity has members at home and abroad.
C．Seeds of Diversity makes money by charging its members.
D．The Canadian Seed Library is based in downtown Waterloo.
15．Which of the following statements is correct
A．It costs the same to introduce different seeds into the library.
B．The volunteers of Seeds of Diversity can adopt any seed they want.
C．The growers dry, weigh and test the fresh seeds before storing them.
D．Seed sharing can strengthen personal connections between growers.
16．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Growing More Crops B．The Art of Gardening
C．Saving the Seeds D．The Beauty of Nature
阅读理解专练358
（2022·山西吕梁·二模）You’re sitting across from a robot, staring at a chessboard. Finally, you see a move that looks pretty good. You reach out and push your queen forward. Now it’s the robot’s turn. Its computer brain calculates a winning move in a second. But when it tries to grab a knight, it knocks down a row of pawns. And it loses the game.
“Robots are heavy handed,” says Ken Goldberg, an AI expert at the University of California. A computer can easily defeat a human grandmaster at the game of chess. Yet a robot has trouble picking up an actual chess piece.
Goldberg discovered that robots face three challenges in grabbing an object. Number one is the ability to see an object and figure out where it is in space. Cameras and sensors that measure distance have gotten much better at this in recent years. But robots still get confused by anything shiny or transparent.
The second challenge is control. People are good at controlling movement, but not perfect. To test yourself, Goldberg says, “Reach out, then touch your nose. Try to do it fast for more times!” You won’t be able to touch the exact same spot on your nose every single time. Likewise, a robot’s cameras and sensors won’t always be in perfect sync with its moving “hand” and it could miss something or drop it.
Physics poses the final challenge. Physics predicts motion. But on small scales, this can be unpredictable. To see why, put a pencil on the floor, then give it a big push. Put it back in its starting place and try again, Goldberg says, “If you push it the same way three times, the pencil usually ends up in a different place.” Very tiny bumps on the floor or the pencil may change the motion.
Despite these challenges, people grasp things all the time. As you do this, your brain is performing incredible calculation and coordination. You just don’t notice it because you do it without thinking.
17．How does the robot lose the chess game according to the text
A．By making wrong calculation. B．By knocking over the chessboard.
C．By knocking down some chess pieces. D．By pushing forward the wrong chess piece.
18．What may prevent a robot telling the exact location of an object
A．Shape. B．Distance. C．Its own movements. D．Shiny things.
19．What can be inferred about robots
A．They have difficulty in predicting motion.
B．They should never be allowed to touch our noses.
C．Their sensors are in perfect sync with their hands.
D．Their movements are affected by the unsmooth floor.
20．What is an advantage that humans have over robots
A．Grabbing things. B．Avoiding danger.
C．Controlling speed. D．Recognizing objects.
阅读理解专练359
（2022·广西·玉林市第十一中学模拟预测）To say that the face of aviation (航空) has changed beyond recognition over the past hundred years is accurate yet still an understatement. With about 500, 000 people in the air at any given time today, flying has become a much more accessible mode of transport than in the 1920s when extremely high fees restricted flying to wealthy passengers.
The inside of aircraft has changed dramatically too. Cabins (机舱) in the 1920s were loud and cold as planes were constructed of metal sheets that did not preserve heat.
While the very first scheduled commercial passenger service set off between Tampa, Finland and St Petersburg in 1914, it took until the 1920s for commercial fights to really gain ground. The lack of commercial activity in aviation was reflected in the state of world airports at the turn of the 1920s, with the vast majority simply being open dirt fields. Hydrogen- fuelled (以氢为燃料的) airships began to appear in the skies in large numbers after the close of the First World War in 1919, and it was with the help of these aviatic giants that world flying records were broken.
By 1929, the first round-the-world fight was completed by the German- made Graf Zeppelin, which took 12 days across four stages. Owing to repeated deadly accidents hydrogen-fuelled airships were soon phased out. 1922 saw the first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic by two Portuguese pilots who flew from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in stages. It took them 79 days to complete the 5, 200-mile journey. Today, a direct flight takes just over nine hours.
COVID-19 saw commercial air traffic decline to record lows, but as travel picks up again the pressure over the future of air travel remains to be climate change. As environmentally conscious travellers look towards train or bus travel as alternatives, airlines have started taking measures such as shifting to Sustainable (可持续的) Aviation Fuel.
21．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true
A．Commercial flights gained ground in 1914.
B．The ticket for a flight is much more affordable now.
C．Planes used to be poorly constructed to save the cost.
D．Flying was a popular means of transport in the 1920s.
22．What docs the underlined words “phased out” in paragraph 4 probably mean .
A．Improved. B．Cancelled. C．Used. D．Broken.
23．In which section of a magazine might this passage appear
A．Travel. B．Technology. C．Environment. D．Entertainment
24．What’s the author’s writing purpose
A．To advertise more accessible and sustainable flights.
B．To praise human beings’ great achievements in flying,
C．To introduce the development of the aviation industry.
D．To analyze the challenges faced by commercial flights.
阅读理解专练360
（2022·福建·模拟预测）Some events have been added to the 2024 Olympics, with surfing, breakdancing and sport climbing among the recent additions. With them come a group of terms that are foreign to the French language. For some French-language purists, it’s too much to bear to rely on English to praise surfers on their “noseriding” —standing on the front of the board. They’ve decided they need a French solution.
The French government has created a team of language experts devoted to promoting the national language. They will meet periodically over the next couple of years to identify and define new sports terms. The French battle against the influence of other languages isn’t new. In 1994, the Toubon law was passed, forcing the use of French in all government publications, contracts and advertisements. Yet it contained several loopholes, which allow brands and companies to extensively use English. As a result, anglicisms are becoming more obvious.
Julie Neveux, linguistics professor at Sorbonne University in Paris, said anglicisms are “sometimes estimated at just under 5% of the present vocabulary, but they are disturbing because they show that we follow an economic and cultural model other than our own.” They are particularly present in sports competitions and events, during which athletes from around the world are used to communicating in English. “Sport was one of the first areas to be globalized,” said sports historian Michael Attali, “This phenomenon has strengthened English as the official language.”
Despite their best efforts, no committee has successfully prevented English from infiltrating everyday language. By the time French officials agreed on a translation and its definition, the English version has already spread throughout the nation, “Similar committees have been put in place in the past, but nothing has changed so far,” said Attali.
“There are far fewer anglicisms in French than there are French words in English.” said Neveux. adding these exchanges should not be seen as a threat. “All living languages exist by borrowing from each other. Languages only exist thanks to their impurity.”
25．What will a team of language experts do
A．Promote the spread of French in the world. B．Decide upon some new sports terms.
C．Bring English and French together. D．Make French much purer.
26．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Anglicisms. B．English words. C．French words. D．Newly created words.
27．What’s the result of previous efforts to stop English from infiltrating French
A．Unimportant. B．Successful. C．Fruitless. D．Unmentioned.
28．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．English is more popular than French.
B．All languages should be preserved.
C．The exchanges between two languages can be avoided.
D．Neveux is positive about the impurity of language.
专题18.答案
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32．D 33．C 34．B 35．D
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32．B 33．D 34．D 35．A
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28．C 29．A 30．D 31．B
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1．B
2．C
3．D
4．D
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5．B
6．A
7．B
8．D
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9．A
10．D
11．C
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12．B
13．A
14．C
15．A
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16．B
17．D
18．A
19．D
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20．C
21．A
22．C
23．B
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24．C
25．D
26．B
27．D
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28．A
29．C
30．D
31．D
阅读理解专练352
32．D
33．D
34．C
35．B
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36．C
37．D
38．B
39．C
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1．D
2．B
3．C
4．A
阅读理解专练355
5．C
6．B
7．D
8．A
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9．B
10．B
11．C
12．C
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13．B
14．D
15．D
16．C
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17．C
18．D
19．A
20．A
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21．B
22．B
23．A
24．C
阅读理解专练360
25．B
26．A
27．C
28．D
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