专题20 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题20.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练381
4．（2022届吉林省长春市第三次质量监测英语考试）
IQ is often considered as an important driver of success particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. In fact many people have endless fascination with the IQ scores of famous people. But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on qualities such as creativity, imagination, curiosity and empathy (同感).
Many of these characteristcs are rooted in what scientists call “cognitive (认知的) flexibility”—a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment. Cognitive flexibility provides us with the ability to see that what we are doing is not leading to success and to make the appropriate changes to achieve it.
Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns (疫情封锁) which produced new challenges around work and schooling. Some of us found it easier than others to adapt our routines to do many activities from home. Such flexible people may also have changed these routines from time to time trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day. Others, however, struggled and ultimately became more rigid in their thinking.
Flexible thinking is key to creativity. It also supports academic and work skills such as problem solving. For example, visual artists may be of average intelligence but highly creative and have produced masterpieces. Creativity is also important in science and innovation. We have discovered that successful businessmen who have created multiple companies are more cognitively flexible than managers of a similar age and IQ.
Cognitive flexibility is also associated with high recovery from negative life events as well as higher quality of life in older individuals. It can even be beneficial in emotional and social cognition: studies have shown that cognitive flexibility has a strong link to the ability to understand the emotions, thoughts and intentions of others.
Neuroimaging studies have shown that cognitive flexibility is dependent on a network of frontal brain regions. There are a number of ways to objectively assess people’s cognitive flexibility including the Wisconsin Card Sorting test and the CANTAB Set Shift Task. And the good news is that it seems that you can train cognitive flexibility.
32. What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A. Creativity is the only source of people’s success.
B. A driver’s achievement is not determined by IQ.
C. The IQ of famous people is mysterious.
D. IQ may not be the key factor in human’s achievements.
33. Which might NOT be an example of cognitive flexibility during pandemic lockdowns
A. Organizing online meetings. B. Taking up indoor workout.
C. Joining in group hiking. D. Learning to bake at home.
34. Which belongs to the consequences of cognitive flexibility
A. Flexible people tend to stick to their routines.
B. People have a better understanding of others’ feelings.
C. Businessmen are more likely to succeed than visual artists.
D. Older individuals are able to avoid misfortunes in life.
35. What would the following paragraph talk about
A. The ways to develop cognitive flexibility.
B. The application of cognitive flexibility.
C. The Wisconsin Card Sorting test.
D. The importance of training cognitive flexibility.
阅读理解专练382
（押考法-猜词推断题和主旨细节题）
Male scientists portray their studies as “unprecedented, remarkable, excellent and novel” more often than female scientists, a new study finds, which may contribute to gender differences in pay and promotion in the medical world.
The study, published Monday in the British Medical Journal, analyzed more than 6.2 million articles published in journals between 2002 and 2017.
The researchers found that studies in prestigious journals with a male first or last author (or both) were 12% more likely to use sweeping, positive terms — “unique”, “robust”, “prominent”— than those where women were credited, which they believe contributed to the male studies getting about 10% more citations. The first author is the researcher who took the lead on the paper, the last generally is the most senior author.
Citations are often used in hiring and promotion decisions.
The effect was most pronounced in a subset of 60,000 of the most prestigious medical journals, which include those with the largest readership and that are cited by scientists most often.
For these journals, men were 21% more likely to use stronger, more positive language than women, which the researchers think played a role in 13% more citations.
“There is a benefit to promote yourself by using these terms,” says Anupam B. Jena, an associate professor at Harvard Medical School and senior author on the study.
Experts say the study helps shed light on why women make up only 25% of medical professors.
Marc Lerchenmueller, an assistant professor of technological innovation and management science at the University of Mannheim in Germany and first author of the study, says the use of superlatives by men was driven by the higher impact journals.
Other research has found similar findings. Julian Kolev, an assistant professor at SMU Cox School of Business in Dallas, says the Gates Foundation let his team examine the foundation ’ s grant-review process of about 5,000 applicants for health research projects between 2008 and 2017. Researchers wanted to see why men are ranked favorably more often than women, even though the reviewers don’t see identifying information for the applicant. Men were about 12% to 16% more likely to receive a higher score from a reviewer and 10% to 13% more likely to get a grant.
“What we found was the biggest cause of distinction between male and female applicants was the language that they used to describe their ideas,” Dr. Kolev says. “Men tended to use broad language — language that covers multiple topics and papers across different areas. Women tended to use topic-specific words, much narrower language.”
The researchers looking at the Gates data also examined whether the broader language helped oversell an idea or was actual substantive. They found that it was mostly a case of overselling.
“The proposals with broad language actually under-performed relative to narrow language proposals, based on publications, ability to attract follow-up funding and attract new collaborations,” Dr. Kolev says.
Vineet Arora, a professor of medicine at University of Chicago Medicine, has done research showing that female physicians are penalized for demonstrating so-called male traits starting as early as their training.
The result: When women try to get an article published in a high-profile journal they may be more conservative in stating their findings.
One explanation for the study’s findings, Dr. Arora says, is that men and women write differently. Another potential explanation is that men who use more positive words are treated differently in the peer review and editorial process than women who do so. “My hunch (直觉) is that it’s a two-way street,” she says. “That women are less likely to use those words, and when they do, they’ re probably more harshly criticized.”
Given that only 25% of medical professors are female, Dr. Arora says, answering questions about what contributes to such distinction is essential. “How do we ensure equitable reviews across gender so that we do not see these findings ” she says.
32. We can learn from the study published in the British Medical Journal that ________.
A. studies by male scientists are more often cited
B. male scientists are producing higher quality work
C. women are rarely credited despite their achievements
D. women face more obstacles in completing their research
33. The study contributes to the following except________.
A. appealing to the elimination of gender inequality in society
B. the exploration of the patterns and causes of gender differences
C. casting light on why women make up only 25% of medical professors
D. explaining the gender differences in pay and promotion in the medical world
34. According to Vineet Arora of University of Chicago Medicine, ________.
A. men are more favorably judged for managerial positions
B. women are severely criticized for showing so-called male traits
C. women are less likely to receive a higher score in medical school
D. men tend to oversell their ideas as they have a stronger desire for success
35. The article is mainly concerned about________.
A. the increasing gender inequality in the medical field
B. the difficulties women have experienced in becoming scientists
C. the unfairness caused by peer reviewers’ preferences for certain language traits
D. the language difference in papers written by male and female scientists and its consequences
阅读理解专练383
（2022届河北省秦皇岛市高三二模联考英语试题）
“Boreout (闷爆) is different from burnout (精疲力竭) in the sense that bored-out employees rarely break down with exhaustion. Bored-out people may be present physically but not in spirit, and people can keep doing this for a good while,” says Harju, who has studied boreout for years.
Workers who realize they’re experiencing boreout may also be unwilling to flag it up as an issue to line managers or human resources. “While the behaviors that feed into burnout — overwork, drive — are appreciated and rewarded by employers, boreout reflects a lack of interest, a lack of motivation,” says Harju. “These are things that are avoided in organizations.”
There are some quick fixes, like taking on work tasks that are more interesting to you. But a 2016 study Harju and her colleagues worked on showed that people who had boreout were less likely to engage in constructive activities like trying to find new, interesting challenges at work.
What happens more often, she says, is that people will just show up at their desks and spend time shopping online, chatting with colleagues or planning other activities. She says that these people aren’t lazy, but are using these behaviours as “coping mechanisms”.
Fahri Ozsungur, an associate professor of economics at Mersin University, Turkey, who was behind the 2021 study on the health effects of boreout, points out that combating the phenomenon isn’t just down to the individual. “Giving meaning to the job is not just up to the employees,” he says. “Instead, it’s up to management to create an office culture that makes people feel valuable.”
If you think boreout is seriously affecting your health either physically or mentally, it may be valuable to ask yourself how you might be able to reselect your career path toward something healthier for you. Seek the advice from advisers, career consultants, friends and family.
“If only people take its suggestion, boreout can make a change into something else: a different career entirely, or a different role in the organization,” Harju says.
32. What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To introduce the topic of the text. B. To describe people with burnout.
C. To explain what burnout is. D. To tell us who Harju is.
33. Why do people prefer not to talk about their boreout
A. They lack relevant knowledge.
B. They are warned not to talk about it.
C. They may not want it to be known to employers.
D. They fear to be laughed at by their colleagues.
34. What does the underlined word “combating” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Encouraging. B. Blaming.
C. Trusting. D. Fighting.
35. Which of the following may Harju agree with
A. Forcing employers to increase salaries.
B. Sticking to the job until you adapt to it.
C. Trying spending more time with your family.
D. Considering changing a new job interesting you.
阅读理解专练384
（2022·江西南昌·二模）The Adélie penguin, who has been named Pingu, was discovered by a local resident Harry Singh “looking lost” on the shores of New Zealand, over 3,000 kilometers away from its natural habitat.
“At first I thought it was a soft toy,” Singh told the BBC．“But suddenly the penguin moved his head, so I realized it was real. It didn’t move for one hour... and looked exhausted.” He then called penguin rescuers as he was concerned that it was not getting into the water, making it a potential target for any predatory (捕食性的) animals wandering on the beach.
On arriving at the scene, Thomas Stracke, who has been rehabilitating (康复) penguins on New Zealand’s South Island for the last 10 years, was shocked to find that the penguin was an Adélie — a species that lives exclusively on the Antarctic peninsula. Stracke said, “It is quite unusual since they are known only living in the Antarctic area. Fortunately, apart from being a bit starving and severely dehydrated, he was actually not too bad, so we gave him some fluids and some fish smoothie.”
It is only the third recorded incident of an Adélie penguin being found on New Zealand’s coast — the previous were in 1962 and 1993 — and although sitings remain incredibly rare, if they become more common it could be a worrying sign, say experts.
“I think if we started getting annual arrivals of Adélie penguins, we’d go actually, something’s changed in the ocean that we need to understand,” Otago University zoology professor Philip Seddon told The Guardian. “More studies will give us more understanding where penguins go, what they do, what the population trends are like — they’re going to tell us something about the health of that ocean ecosystem in general.”
Pingu has now been released into a bay on the Banks Peninsula, and it is hoped he may be able to make the journey home.
1．What happened to Pingu
A．He was hunted by local people. B．He lost his food and looked upset.
C．He was finding a new natural habitat. D．He landed New Zealand by accident.
2．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4
A．Introduce a new topic to discuss. B．List numbers to prove an opinion.
C．Add some background information. D．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
3．What can be inferred from Philip’s words
A．The number of penguins is on the decrease.
B．The health of ocean ecosystem should be concerned.
C．More studies about penguins have been undertaken.
D．Adélie penguins have built habitats in New Zealand.
4．What can be the best title of the text
A．Unexpected Arrival of Rare Penguin B．Dangerous Situation of Adélie Penguins
C．Amazing Discovery by Local Resident D．Magical Travel to New Zealand
阅读理解专练385
（2022·山东德州·二模）Imagine a world where everything has their own virtual, real-time computerized replica (替身)—a digital double. That concept is known as the digital twin and it could provide a way to improve our lives in the real world. More than just imitation, digital twins take information from Internet-connected objects through Internet of Things (IoT) devices, use data almost instantly to see the effects of changing conditions and then make adjustments rapidly.
In construction, the digital twin means buildings become safer and cheaper to build because digital twins have access to real weather, structural and stress point data. Bridges like the Queensferry Crossing in Scotland, for example, use measurements of water level and wind speed to improve safety and manage traffic flow. Connected buildings then make smart cities, where buildings talk to one another and future function can be predicted. In Australia’s state of Victoria, local government is building a digital twin of the entire state.
Manufacturing is another sector being affected by digital twin technology. Placing thousands of sensors throughout the production line allows comp anies to see how work is performed at each step of the process, system efficiency and any bottlenecks.
Likewise, in healthcare, the digital twin concept means creating computer models of disease or even a virtual human body. Personalized medicines or treatments could then be developed using a medical twin of each patient. And even health problems could be cut out before they begin.
“I think maintaining a persistent set of computerized models that are constantly being updated and evolved alongside physical equivalents is really the essence of digital twins,” said Michael Kapteyn, a leading researcher studying digital twin computer models. In the foreseeable future, digital twins may eventually become an essential part of our everyday lives by enabling individuals without previous technical knowledge to finally get simple answers to complex questions.
5．In what way do digital twins benefit people
A．They create a colorful virtual world.
B．They provide a way to better people’s lives.
C．They improve the data through IoT devices instantly.
D．They promote the copies of Internet-connected objects.
6．Why does the author mention the Queensferry Crossing in paragraph 2
A．To clarify a detail. B．To make a comparison.
C．To explain a rule. D．To present an application.
7．What can we expect of the digital twin technology
A．It will popularize the application of sensors.
B．It may replace the traditional production line.
C．It might offer patients personalized treatments.
D．It could manage to avoid all health problems.
8．What is vital for digital twins according to Michael Kapteyn
A．Updating physical equivalents constantly.
B．Adding more sets of computerized models.
C．Enabling people to figure out tough questions.
D．Keeping a digital double renewed continually.
阅读理解专练386
（2022·江西南昌·二模）Adults are often embarrassed about asking for help. Seeking someone’s assistance can make you feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason.
Kayla Good, a graduate student in developmental psychology at Stanford University, and Alex Shaw, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Chicago, applied a classic technique from developmental psychology to learn more about how children think about reputation. Across several studies, they asked 576 children, aged four to nine, to predict the behavior of two characters, Tom and Jack, in a story. Tom genuinely wanted to be smart, and Jack merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, they told children both characters did poorly on a test, and asked which of them would be more likely to raise their hands in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.
The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two characters as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought Jack would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature—they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of peers. They could still imagine situations where Jack would seek help: when assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.
Given the findings, it seems quite possible that when children themselves are the ones struggling, they, too, might avoid seeking out help if they are concerned about reputation. If so, this unwillingness to seek help when others are present could obviously impede academic progress. To improve in any field, one must work hard, take on challenging tasks and ask questions. All of these efforts can be difficult when someone is concerned about their appearance to others.
9．What were the children asked to do about the two characters
A．To assess their intelligence. B．To predict their academic progress.
C．To discuss their possibility to get help. D．To judge their willingness to ask for help.
10．Who was likely to seek private aid according to the eight-year-olds
A．Tom. B．Jack. C．Both. D．Neither.
11．What does the underlined word “impede” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Prevent. B．Guarantee. C．Accelerate. D．Monitor.
12．What is the author’s suggestion for kids
A．Be ready to help others. B．Be brave to ask for assistance.
C．Care more about reputation. D．Make efforts to be smarter.
阅读理解专练387
（2022·广东·二模）While some feel that bookstores are fading away, one Chinese bookstore has found new life by marching into rural areas in China to bring colorful cultural life and higher incomes lo local residents.
By absorbing local rural characteristics, the village branches of the Librairie Avantgarde Bookstore (LAB) chain have transformed into important platforms to display local history, culture and folk traditions. Not just bookstores, they are foundations helping to relieve spiritual poverty (贫困) and centers for gathering and displaying rural culture.
To better fit in the lives of local residents, earth village branch has its own characteristics, like the branch in Shaxi, southwest China’s Yunnan province. Many of nearly 20,000 books in the store are associated with the history, geography and folk customs of Yunnan and the Bai people.
“Turning in profits is not our only aim. Our bookstore has become a public gathering space for villagers. Not only young people, but many elderly residents come here. They do not buy books, but pass the time by reading or chatting with each other in our store.” Liu Xia, the bookstore owner explained.
She added that this is a cultural atmosphere that bookstores offer the area. Some residents have grown accustomed to turning to the books of the store to find answers to the troubles they face, such as operating a business or controlling tourists from urban areas. The biggest benefit of opening bookstores in villages is that it helps provide a healthy environment for children’s growth. “My kids often come to the store. They love reading books here. They gain knowledge and curiosity about outside world.” one villager said.
The arrival of the bookstore menus a lot to the village when young residents have been leaving for urban areas in recent years. During the 2020 May Day and National Day holidays, the daily number of tourists traveling to the village reached 5,000, a record high. Visitors were attracted by the bookstore. Surrounding it, several restaurants and holds have opened.
13．Which of the following best describes village branches of the LAB
A．They are disappearing gradually.
B．They feature local rural cultures.
C．They could make much higher profits.
D．They have set up poverty-relief foundations.
14．What do we know about the branch in Shaxi
A．It specializes in history-related books.
B．It creates a public gathering space for business.
C．It shares the same features with oilier branches.
D．It helps villagers know more about the Bai people.
15．What’s the greatest influence of village bookshops on the local areas
A．Attracting more people lo pay a visit.
B．Offering kids a healthy atmosphere.
C．Helping residents lo acquire knowledge.
D．Encouraging the young to go to big cities.
16．Which of the following can be the best title of the text
A．LAB: A Bookstore on the Rise
B．Local Culture Welcomed by Tourists
C．Village Bookshops Promote Rural Life
D．Great Ambitions of Village Bookstores
阅读理解专练388
（2022·山东省淄博第十一中学二模）Online learning is a term used to describe distance courses that are offered over the Internet. The courses cover a wide range of subjects and audiences. This educational method is growing in popularity as an economical method of providing access to education for a large population.
There are two types of online course access: open and restricted. Open access allows actually anyone with an Internet user to view the course material. This type of online learning does not require interaction with an instructor. The material covered can range from very specific instructions to university level courses. This initiative removes the barriers to advanced knowledge and allows anyone with the interest to learn. The other type of online courses are restricted access courses. Restricted access is used to limit the class to registered students. These courses offer instructor interaction and are typically the method used by courses that require grades upon graduation.
It is more efficient for both the educator and the student to access course materials online. From the educator aspect, the course lectures can be recorded once and reused. This greatly reduced the staff time and costs. Meanwhile, online courses allow students to complete coursework from a wide range of locations and remove the time restriction to access course lectures. Students are no longer required to travel to the class and many course materials are included in the fee. The material for online courses has been carefully reviewed and approved before the course is offered. Many introduction and courses do not change, as the material is fixed. As a result, the courses are stable and can be reused as needed.
Technology continues to expand to meet the needs of online students. These tools include mobile audio and video viewers, improved online interactive tests, and tool and course management software. The continued development in this area will further enhance the quality of online courses and encourage more people to further their education.
17．Why is online learning winning more recognition
A．It is cost-effective. B．It is free to access.
C．No teacher is required. D．Education is getting more important.
18．What do we learn about restricted access
A．Learners are required to register. B．Learners can learn without evaluation.
C．It is intended for advanced learners only. D．It has no interaction with an instructor.
19．What is paragraph 3 mainly about online courses
A．The participants. B．The time restrictions.
C．The advantages. D．The ever-changing materials.
20．How does the author feel about the future of online learning
A．Challenging. B．Critical. C．Worrying. D．Promising.
阅读理解专练389
（2022·山东省淄博第十一中学二模）Every year, Barnes & Noble picks the 10 best books of the year, covering all genres and age groups. If you’re looking for an amazing book to grab before the end of 2021, here are some of the best books of the year.
Cloud Cuckoo Land
This novel is both a historical and futuristic science fiction story that connects five characters across hundreds of years through their relationship to a book: “Cloud Cuckoo Land.” The book they find is about a shepherd named Aethon, who longs to be turned into a bird, so he can live a carefree life forever. As each character finds this book, from a l5th century kid to a young teen on a futuristic interstellar ship, their stories meet in this complex yet fascinating read.
Crying in H Mart
When Michelle Zauner was 25, her mother s cancer changed her life forever and forced her to accept her Korean American identity in a desperate attempt to stay connected to her mother. As a talented musician, Michelle had previously been divorced from her cultural roots, but quickly turned to food to keep her mother's memory alive in this powerful and heartbreaking memoir.
Pony
It is a historical, middle-grade adventure novel intended for adolescents. It talks about a 12-year-old boy named Silas who is woken in the middle of the night to see his father being taken away by three horsemen. With only his horse named Pony by his side, Silas sets off on a life-changing mission to find his father.
You Will Get Through This Night
It is a nonfiction read about mental health that offers both a personal and professional outlook on how to survive the hardest mental health days. Dividing the book into three chapters — This Night, Tomorrow, and The Days After — Daniel Howell wants readers to not just survive the hard nights but properly care for our mental health.
21．What do Cloud Cuckoo Land and Pony have in common
A．Plot. B．Literary form. C．Characters. D．Writing background.
22．Which book is specially designed for teenagers
A．Cloud Cuckoo Land. B．Crying in H Mart.
C．Pony. D．You Will Get Through This Night.
23．What is the feature of You Will Get Through This Night
A．It is about psychological health. B．It helps cure physical disabilities.
C．It is a collection of personal stories. D．It mainly solves sleeping problems.
阅读理解专练390
（2022·全国·模拟预测）VOLUNTARY STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS
There are over 600 different Voluntary Student Organizations （VSOs） at Stanford. VSOs are those organizations in which membership is both open and limited to current Stanford students, and whose purposes and procedures are consistent with the goals and standards of the University. Students make all organizational decisions. In order to use the Stanford name, or to receive funding, all voluntary student organizations must register with the University through the Office of Stanford Events.
As a condition of registration, each voluntary student organization must file and have approved each of the following:
● A statement （声明） of purpose and organizational constitution.
● A statement about membership qualifications.
● Clear procedures for officer elections.
● Identification of the authorized representatives of the group.
If a voluntary student organization seeks to use University facilities for meetings open to more than its own members, such meetings shall be subject to the regulations of the Committee on Public Events . All organization events held in University facilities must receive event approval from the Office of Student Activities. No student group may use University space or facilities or receive other University support for purposes of supporting candidates for public office. Groups may use public places such as White Plaza for speeches and similar activities held by the Student Committee; may have periodic use of on-campus meeting rooms; and may request to reserve auditoriums （礼堂） for public events as long as all University guidelines are followed.
24．Who can register for a VSO at Stanford
A．A college candidate. B．A Stanford graduate.
C．A voluntary student. D．A current Stanford student.
25．What material does a VSO need to hand in
A．A business certificate. B．A description of its members.
C．A distinct procedure of electing officers. D．An introduction to the representatives.
26．Which department can approve the events of a VSO
A．The Student Committee. B．The Office of Student Activities.
C．The Office of Stanford Events. D．The Committee on Public Events.
阅读理解专练391
（2022·上海徐汇·二模）Colorado; a place we usually associate with snow-capped mountains and green grassy meadows, winter skiing, and kayaking in its clear, mirror-like lakes. But did you know the state is also home to a 30-square-mile sand dune (沙丘) field
Nestled on the eastern edge of the San Luis Valley, and beside the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, this fantastic landscape features dunes that are up to 750 feet high and are perfect for hiking, camping, and photo opportunities.
The tallest sand dunes in North America are situated in the diverse landscape of wetlands, forests, mountainous lakes, tundra, and grasslands — providing a patchwork of color. Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is so unusual and unique, in fact, that it is a protected landscape under the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
The four main components of the sand dune system are the mountain watershed, the dune field itself, the sand sheet — a flat plot of sand with large grains — and the sabkha — a coastal mudflat or sandflat. The dunes were formed over tens of thousands of years by sediments (沉积物) from the surrounding mountains that filled the valley. In addition, as the lakes in the valley retreated, exposed sand was blown by the winds, resulting in dunes.
The park was originally labelled a protected area back in 1932, by President Hoover, after fears of gold mining or concrete manufacturing alarmed residents of the nearby Alamosa and Monte Vista cities, who then petitioned Congress asking for protection. The area was eventually upgraded from a national monument to a national park and preserve in 2004.
It contains a mind-boggling 1.2 cubic miles — or 5 billion cubic meters — of sand. Evidence of human habitation, however, dates back to 11,000 years, with the first historic peoples to inhabit the region being the Southern Ute Tribes.
Now, visitors have numerous activities to enjoy — from sandboarding and sand sledding to four-wheel driving. But the best adventure comes at nightfall; the adventurous can backpack over sand dunes to pitch a tent and enjoy the stunning starry night skies when the sun goes down. (Although backpackers will need a permit and can be required at the visitor’s center.) The park’s elevation at 8.200ft and rural location makes it a favorite with dark sky stargazers, with park officials offering special astronomy programs from May to September.
Overnighters can bask in the still silence, indulge in this remote, isolated region of the county, and be soothed to sleep by the wind whistling through the dunes. If you want to camp out, but backcountry isn’t your style, Pi on Flats Cam pground is nearby and run by the National Park Service, with 44 sites that are first-come, first-served, with a further 44 sites that can be reserved.
By day, tourists can hike to the summit of Star Dune, the tallest dune in the park, while Crestone Needle, Cleveland Peak, and Mount Herard also offer challenging elevation climbs.
And, as the park also offers special sand wheelchairs (it’s recommended to reserve one in advance), everyone can enjoy this stunning, once-in-a-lifetime experience in the sand dunes of Colorado.
27．Dunes came into being due to the fact that ________ .
A．lakes in the valleys were blown dry due to the climate change in history
B．human overexploitation of resources drained the water in the valley
C．thousands of years of deposits from mountains filled the valley
D．deposits from mountains and wind blow on the drained lakes played a common role
28．The dune area was titled as a reservation in 1932 because________.
A．President Hoover urged people to have a place for hiking and camping as a restoration
B．The locals were deeply concerned about the consequences of gold mining on the environment
C．Residents of the nearby Alamosa and Monte Vista cities were too obsessed with gold mining
D．President Hoover wanted to keep the tallest dunes in the area as a world record
29．It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A．the sand field features its dunes that are up to 750 feet high, a record in the world
B．according to the Southern Ute Tribes, their ancestors had already inhabited in the sand dune field 11,000 years ago
C．the park’s location and height make it unique for stargazers to observe the night skies
D．88 sites for camping are available for tourists in sand dunes area, with advanced reservation required
30．What’s the best title for this passage
A．A Fantastic Place for Stargazers B．President Hoover’s Decision
C．Camping on the Dunes D．Exploitation on Dunes
阅读理解专练392
（2022·天津红桥·二模）If you’re a fan of fast fashion, your choices may be narrowing in the near future.
At the end of 2020, fast-fashion giant H&M said it would close 350 stores worldwide. Recently, Spanish fashion giant Inditex announced that it would close all its Bershka, Pull & Bear and Stradivarius stores in China. It all indicates that fast fashion is slowing down, noted the website Fast Company.
A major reason is the shift in the mindset(心态) of consumers. Millennials, those who were born in the 1980s or 1990s, are now the largest consumer group. Unlike their predecessors(前人), millennials are more financially stable,and thus low-priced fast fashion is not their priority. According to The South China Morning Post, more people are starting to care about quality and the stories behind a product.
Another factor is the growing concern over the fashion industry’s effect on the environment. As The New York Times noted, the fashion industry is one of the largest polluters of clean water and three-fifths of clothes produced in a year end up in landfill(垃圾场). As there is more awareness of the climate crisis, younger people are pursuing more eco-friendly choices.
Molly, 22, is one of them. Before she went to college, she used to frequent fast-fashion shops like Forever 21 and H&M. But after taking a class that focused Fast fashion slows down on the environmental impact of clothing production, her preference changed. Now, she tries to shop in a way that is both sustainable(可持续的) and affordable: She shops second-hand. “My friend showed me how easy it was to be thrifty(节约的). and I developed a new personal style that focused less on trends but on basics that don’t go out of style.” she told MTV News.
In order to survive in the competitive market, many fast-fashion brands are making changes as well. For example, Inditex said that the company plans for all of its clothes to be sustainable by 2025.
“Sustainability is a never-ending task in which everyone here is involved.” said Pablo Isla. CEO of Inditex.
31．Why is fast fashion unpopular among millennials
A．Millennials follow former generations’ style.
B．Millennials prefer cheaper clothes.
C．Millennials attach more importance to quality.
D．Millennials like brands with a long history.
32．What is the main idea of paragraph 4
A．Unsold clothes are a threat to the environment.
B．Low-quality fashion products don’t last long.
C．Climate change should be blamed on the fashion industry.
D．More people prefer eco-friendly fashion products.
33．What is Molly’s new way of shopping
A．She likes thrifty brands.
B．She buys used clothes.
C．She prefers trendy clothes.
D．She buys only necessary clothes.
34．The author used the example of Inditex at the end to show_________.
A．how competition is becoming more fierce in the fashion industry
B．how sustainability has become the top priority for most fashion brands
C．how the fast-fashion industry is suffering a big loss
D．how a major company can change their products to fit the market
35．What is the author’s opinion on the future development of fast fashion
A．Promising. B．Hopeless. C．Unclear. D．Unpredictable.
阅读理解专练393
（2022·河北·模拟预测）Machine learning is a way of teaching computers to do tasks. In the past, to do anything computers relied on detailed, step-by-step instructions written by a person. But with machine learning, computers pick up new skills on their own, using examples or experience. This makes machine learning a powerful form of artificial intelligence, or AI. AI is the ability of a machine to think or learn like a person. AI systems power many kinds of machines—from smartphones to robots.
There are a few types of machine learning. The most common is supervised learning (监督学习). In this method, a computer is fed lots of labeled training data. For instance, it may look at many photos of dogs. Each photo might be labeled with the dog’s breed (种类). By studying those photos, the computer learns what each breed looks like. Then, the computer can pick out dog breeds in new, unlabeled photos. The more data the computer studies, the better it gets at its task.
Another important kind of machine learning is reinforcement learning (强化学习). Using this type of learning is sort of like training your dog to do a trick. The computer learns to achieve some goal by interacting with its environment. When the computer makes a choice that brings it closer to its goal, it gets a reward. Through trial and error, the computer learns to make better choices. This type of machine learning has helped computers master difficult games. It has also been used to teach self-driving cars how to get around.
Machine learning has helped create technology all around us. It powers language translators and search engines. When your streaming services recommend new shows you might like, that’s machine learning at work. Machine learning systems also organize posts in social media feeds. They even help diagnose diseases. In many ways, the problem-solving power of machine learning is reshaping the world.
36．What is machine learning about
A．Computer replacing people’s thinking. B．People teaching computers to do tasks.
C．People learning with the help of computers. D．Computers learning new skills on their own.
37．What does a computer do in supervised learning
A．It is put into training data. B．It is fond of photos of dogs.
C．It is able to recognize a new breed. D．It is asked to perform tasks like a dog.
38．Which of the following belongs to reinforcement learning
A．Selling self-driving cars. B．Designing computer games.
C．Getting abilities from mistakes. D．Acquiring knowledge by playing tricks.
39．What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of machine learning
A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Worrying.
阅读理解专练394
（2022·江西景德镇·模拟预测）German workers enjoy good worker protections and shorter working hours than those in other countries. How can a country that works an average of 35 hours per week (with additionally average 24 paid vacation days) maintain such a high level of productivity
In German business culture, when an employee is at work, he should not be doing anything other than his work. Facebook, office chat with co-workers, and pulling up a fake spreadsheet when your boss walks by are socially unacceptable behaviors.
In the BBC documentary Make Me A German, a young German woman explained her culture shock while on a working exchange to the UK. “I was in England for an exchange. I was in the office and the people are talking all the time about their private things...” What’s the plan for tonight ’, and all the time drinking coffee...” She was quite surprised by the casual nature of British workers. Upon further discussion, the Germans reveal that Facebook is not allowed in the office, and no private email is permitted.
German business culture is one of intense focus and direct communication. German workers will directly speak to a manager about performance reviews and use commanding language without softening the orders with polite phrases. For example, an American would say, “It would be great if you could get this to me by 3pm,” while a German would say, “T need this by 3pm”.
Germans work hard and play hard. Since the working day is focused on achieving efficient productivity, the off hours are truly off hours. Because of the focused atmosphere and formal environment of German businesses, employees don’t necessarily hang out together after work. Germans generally value a separation between private life and working life.
1．What should an employee do while working in German
A．Glance over Facebook. B．Just do their work.
C．Chat with co-workers. D．Send private emails.
2．How did the young German woman think of the working life of British workers
A．Agreeable. B．Understanding. C．Tolerant D．Astonished.
3．Which of the following is TRUE
A．German employees have longer hours than most other countries.
B．German employees always communicate by using polite words.
C．German employees often work hard and pursue efficiency.
D．German employees hang out together after work.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Unacceptable behaviors in German business culture.
B．Germans value goal-oriented and direct communication.
C．Germans attach importance to their working life.
D．Why Germans work fewer hours but produce more.
阅读理解专练395
（2022·内蒙古包头·二模）In 2019, the world generated 54.6 million tons of e-waste. However, just 17.4 percent of it was formally collected and recycled. Since 2014, the amount of e-waste recycled has grown by 1.8 million tons — a relatively small amount, considering that the amount of e-waste generated increased by 9.2 million tons in the same period.
Global reserves of some elements, such as platinum (铂), are supposed to be fully used up within 15 years if the proportion of recycled stocks entering production doesn’t increase. E-waste and EV batteries are currently recycled through processes called pyrometallurgy (火法冶金术) and hydrometallurgy (湿法冶金术). However, they involve burning temperatures with a high energy demand and deep carbon footprint, and poisonous chemicals which are harmful lo the environment. Alternatives are therefore being sought.
A team of scientists from the University of Coventry are extending one such alternative. They have been using non-poisonous bacteria to oxidize (使氧化) and recover the precious metals — a process known as “bioleaching”. They have shown that copper is widely recoverable from e-waste, and that all metals present in EV batteries can be recovered by using microbes (微生物). If extended, bioleaching facilities would mean that manufacturers of EV batteries and other electronic goods would be able to recover metals locally, relying less on costly exports to recycling centers abroad.
“At present, a key limitation for e-waste recycling is the lack of certification detailing the types and amounts of metals contained in electronic goods. But with an efficient recycling process appearing, manufacturers have the motivation to use more recycled material in their products, which will change the very design of electronics goods. It’s about closing the loop of a product’s life cycle,” said the leader of the Bioleaching Research Group, Sebastien Farnaud.
Ultimately, bioleaching technology is born out of the idea of creating a truly circular process for the things that we consume. We need to shift from a mindset and economy where we see waste as an end product, to one where there isn’t even a start or an end at all.
5．What do the statistics in paragraph 1 indicate
A．People pay no attention to e-waste recycling.
B．The recycling rate of e-waste is comparatively low.
C．E-waste has caused serious environmental problems.
D．The amount of e-waste is sharply increasing every year.
6．What is the disadvantage of current ways of recycling e-waste
A．They only apply to certain e-waste.
B．They are not environmentally friendly.
C．They generate metals with a complex process.
D．They cause a sharp rise in local temperatures.
7．What do we know about the bioleaching technology
A．It has been applied abroad. B．It releases no poisonous gas.
C．It recovers metals by microbes. D．It promotes the local export trade.
8．The text is most probably a part of _________.
A．a news report B．a fiction novel
C．a health magazine D．a scientific journal
阅读理解专练396
（2022·北京通州·一模）Neuroscientists have explained the risky or aggressive behavior of teenagers as the product of a brain that is somehow damaged. A groundbreaking research in the past 10 years, however, shows that this view is wrong. The teen brain is not defective(有缺陷的). It is not a half-baked adult brain, either. It has developed to function differently from that of a child or an adult.
Foremost among the teen brain’s features is its ability to change in response to the environment by adjusting the communication networks that connect brain regions. This special plasticity, is a double-edged sword. It allows teenagers to make enormous progress in thinking and socialization. But it also makes them susceptible to dangerous behaviors and serious mental disorders.
The most recent study indicates that the riskiest behaviors arise from a mismatch between the maturation(成熟) of networks in the limbic system(大脑边缘系统), which drives emotions and strengthens at adolescence, and the maturation of networks in the prefrontal cortex(前额皮质), which occurs later and promotes sound judgment and the control of impulses(冲动). Indeed, we now know that the prefrontal cortex continues to change until well into a person’s 20s. And yet adolescence seems to be starting earlier, extending the “mismatch years.”
The changeability of networks linking brain regions and not the growth of those regions—is key to eventually behaving like an adult. Understanding that, and knowing that a widening gap between the development of emotional and judgment networks is happening in young people today, can help parents, teachers, and teenagers themselves. People will better see that behaviors such as risk taking, and turning away from parents and toward peers are not signs of cognitive(认知的) or emotional problems. They are a natural result of brain development, a normal part of adolescents learning how to negotiate a complex world.
The same understanding can also help adults decide when to intervene and help. A 15- year-old girl’s departure from her parents’ tastes in clothing or music may be a source of sadness for Mom and Dad, but does not indicate mental illness. A 16-year-old boy’s interest to skateboard without a helmet is more likely a result of short-range thinking and peer pressure than a desire to hurt himself. Other exploratory and aggressive actions might be warnings however. Knowing more about the unique teen brain will help all of us learn how to separate unusual behavior that is age-appropriate from that which might indicate illness. Such awareness could help society reduce teen problems.
9．The difference between the teen’s brain and that of an adult is its ______.
A．disorder B．weakness C．maturation D．changeability
10．What does the underlined word “susceptible” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Safe. B．Sensitive. C．Hesitant. D．Resistant.
11．According to the most recent study, teens’ riskiest behaviors arise because ______.
A．their brains are somehow damaged
B．their emotions strengthen at adolescence
C．the prefrontal cortex fails to control impulses
D．two brain regions don’t develop at the same pace
12．What is the significance of the research
A．It provides effective solutions to teens’ mental problems.
B．It highlights the functions of different brain regions of teens.
C．It helps adults to analyze teens’ behaviors and offer help.
D．It intends to prevent teenagers from risky and aggressive behaviors.
阅读理解专练397
（2022·北京通州·一模）Deep Sea: To Mine Or Not To Mine
A robot as large as a truck moves along the bottom of the deep sea. It eats metallic(含金属的) rock and soft mud. They travel up a long pipe to a ship, where workers and machinery separate out the rock and throw the mud back into the ocean. This is a mining operation. The rock contains a mixture of metals, including ones called rare earth metals. People use these materials to make batteries and electronics like computers and phones.
Deep-sea mining hasn’t happened yet. But it probably will occur within the next decade. No country owns any part of the deep sea, so a UN organization called the International Seabed Authority (ISA) decides who is allowed to mine there. It has allowed 29 organizations to explore the deep sea and make plans for mining, one of which plans to begin mining in the year 2027.
Scientists and environmentalists, though, warn that mining could destroy deep-sea ecosystem. In 1989, ecologist Hjalmar Thiel carried out a test. His team searched the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean, in a spot with lots of the metallic rocks that miners wanted. They didn’t actually collect any of the rocks. But they disturbed the mud, just as a mining operation would. The cloud of mud fell back down over the ocean floor burying creatures living there. Up to now, the area they disturbed has not recovered. Signs of the search are still there. Deep sea creatures like sponges and corals have not moved back in. That means mining could have harmful, long-lasting consequences for deep ocean life. Scientists want to understand the deep sea better before disturbing it.
Leaving the deep sea alone sounds great, but people need those metals. “Mines on land are soon going to run out,” geologist Steven Scolt of the University of Toronto told Smithsonian Magazine. “Every electronic device in the world has rare earth metals in it... we need raw resources.” New energy technologies including solar and wind power and electric cars rely on these metals as well. We may need to mine them from the sea in order to switch to greener energy sources.
13．According to the passage, why do people want to carry out deep sea mining
A．To test the mining robot. B．To collect rare earth metals.
C．To separate the rock from mud. D．To understand the deep sea better.
14．What can we infer from the test of Hjalmar Thiel in 1989
A．They gathered some metallic rocks the miners wanted.
B．They helped the recovery of the disturbed mining areas.
C．They discovered the deep-sea mining affected the ocean ecology.
D．They found the rare metallic rocks were harmful to sea creatures.
15．What is Steven Scolt’s attitude towards deep-sea mining
A．Doubtful. B．Neutral. C．Supportive. D．Disapproving.
阅读理解专练398
（2022·北京通州·一模）Tech-Enabled Yoga Pants — The Wearable X
The Yoga pants Wearable X lets you practice yoga on your own terms. Our technology with integrated sensors and vibration (震动) is good for your practice at home and wherever you go.
The pulse (脉冲) clips into the pants behind the left knee and contains a 370 mAh battery to ensure you don’t run out of power during your practice.
The Wearable X uses Bluetooth Low Energy to connect to your smartphone. To activate the pulse, double tap the surface of the pants until you see a blinking white light.
Our new app lets you choose between different exercises according to your preferences on your phone. The audio instructions are paired with gentle vibrations to give you clues where to focus and let you know if you have made it into the pose at the end of each pose. Once you have set your vibrations strength, you can place the phone next to your yoga mat during your session.
To wash, either put on hand wash or a gentle cycle after removing the pulse. The Wearable X allows tumble dry (甩干). Make sure it is dry before clipping the pulse back on.
“These pants have a great shape and are super stylish. It’s like having the hands-on approach of a yoga instructor with the ability to do high-quality yoga anywhere. The pulse can easily connect to my smartphone, which is super cool! These pants are a must when I hit the mat.”
Cassidy W.
Here is the future of wellness that brings together design and technology to create a better quality of life through experience and fashion.
Click HERE to complete your order with the Wearable X for just $249 with a 14-day return guarantee.
16．What technology is used in the Wearable X
A．The tumble dry. B．The video guide.
C．The waterproof surface. D．The integrated sensors and vibration.
17．The strength of the vibration can affect ______.
A．the life of the battery B．the time for practice
C．the accuracy of the poses D．the connection to the Bluetooth
18．What is the type of the article
A．A personal blog. B．A scientific essay.
C．A news interview. D．A website advertisement.
阅读理解专练399
（2022·湖南·雅礼中学一模）The over 48,000 orange trees in Seville, Spain, not only fill the city’s air with the pleasant smell of orange blossoms in spring, but they also produce over 16,500 tons of fruit every winter. Though that makes the capital of southern Spain’s Andalusia region Europe’s top orange-producing city, the fruit is too sour to be consumed fresh. While some of the produce is used to make orange jam and an alcoholic drink, most of it ends up in Seville’s landfills (填埋场). However, that may change soon thanks to a clever idea to use the oranges to produce clean energy.
The trial program is being launched by the city’s council and park department in cooperation with Emasesa, Seville’s water supply and sanitation (卫生) division. Juice from 38. 6 tons of oranges will be left to ferment (发酵) in a specialized facility. The methane (甲烷) released from the fermented liquid will be captured and used to drive a generator to produce clean power. The officials estimate the test run will produce about 1,500 kWh of energy—enough to run one of Emasesa’s water purification plants. To ensure there is no waste, the orange skins, peels, and flesh will be used as fertilizer.
“It’s not just about saving money. The oranges are a problem for the city, and we’re producing added value from waste,” said Benigno Lopez, head of Emasesa’s environmental department.
If successful, by 2023, the city hopes to recycle all the oranges and add the electricity produced back into its power transmission network. In trial runs, one ton of oranges produced 50 kWh of clean energy—enough to cover the daily electricity needs of five homes. The project team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled, it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 residences.
“This project will help us to reach our targets for reducing emissions, energy self-sufficiency, and the circular economy,” Juan Espadas Cejas, mayor of Seville, said in the press conference announcing the trial scheme.
19．What do we know about oranges in Seville from the first paragraph？
A．They are usually picked in spring.
B．They are mostly used to make jams and juice.
C．They are not recommended to be eaten fresh.
D．They make Seville the world’s top orange-producing city.
20．What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．Different uses of oranges.
B．How to produce power from juice.
C．An introduction to the trial program.
D．Why the trial program was put forward.
21．What can we infer from the passage？
A．Seville hasn’t carried out the trial program yet.
B．The electricity produced will be used to purify water.
C．The electricity produced will go to Seville’s power plants.
D．Seville may need to recycle 14,600 tons of oranges to power 73,000 homes.
22．What is the best title for the text？
A．Seville Is Turning Waste into Wealth
B．Seville Is Seeking Market for Oranges
C．Seville Is Contributing to Global Warming
D．Seville Is Dealing with the Electricity Shortage
阅读理解专练400
（2022·贵州·模拟预测）In an age where convenience beats sentiment (情感), we’re settling for “the bare minimum” when it comes to communication and emotional expression. There is a reason why your mother always made sure you wrote thank-you notes after every birthday. There’s a reason why getting a letter in the mail is so exciting. Writing someone a letter is a truly unique way to show how much they mean to you.
The great thing about handwritten notes or letters is that they don’t have to be anything fancy to be meaningful. A messily written note on a piece of scratch notebook paper can mean just as much as a beautiful, calligraphic letter written on the finest stationery (信笺). They both say, “You’re important to me, and I wanted to take the time to write down these thoughts so that you can hold onto them forever.”
One of my favorite things about handwritten letters is that you can keep them for however long you want, and revisit them at any time. A screenshot of a sweet text doesn’t quite measure up. There is emotion behind handwritten sentences. With every line of ink, you can feel the essence of its writer.
Unfortunately, this method of communication is seriously underrated today. We’re saving screenshots to our camera roll instead of precious letters in a shoe box. We re replacing thoughtful little notes with emojis (表情符号) or icons and telling ourselves that the sentiment is the same. But, to be honest, sometimes you have to slow down to show someone how much you care.
Want to show your significant other how much you love him or her Write down how you feel about them in a letter and seal it with a kiss. Mail a funny card to your friends who live across the state/ country/ world just to let them know you’re thinking about them. I promise you it will mean much more than you know.
23．Which of the following can be regarded as “the bare minimum”
A．Writing a thank you note. B．Mailing a card with handwritten wishes.
C．Expressing your love with text messages. D．Delivering a letter of apology.
24．What does the author think of a messily-written note
A．Ridiculous. B．Worthwhile. C．Formal. D．Simple.
25．What is the disadvantage of emojis according to the author
A．Covering up our abundant sentiment with general icons.
B．Slowing down the process of showing our care.
C．Shortening messages into different icons.
D．Hurting the other’s sentiment in a way.
26．What can be inferred from the text
A．Writing someone a letter will be laughed at
B．People usually hide their true emotions now.
C．Handwritten letters are rarely thrown into shoe boxes.
D．People tend to store a screenshot of a sweet text now.
专题20.答案
阅读理解专练381
【答案】32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C
阅读理解专练382
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. D
阅读理解专练383
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D
阅读理解专练384
1．D
2．C
3．B
4．A
阅读理解专练385
5．B
6．D
7．C
8．D
阅读理解专练386
9．D
10．C
11．A
12．B
阅读理解专练387
13．B
14．D
15．B
16．C
阅读理解专练388
17．A
18．A
19．C
20．D
阅读理解专练389
21．B
22．C
23．A
阅读理解专练390
24．D
25．C
26．B
阅读理解专练391
27．D
28．B
29．C
30．D
阅读理解专练392
31．C
32．D
33．B
34．D
35．A
阅读理解专练393
36．D
37．A
38．C
39．A
阅读理解专练394
1．B
2．D
3．C
4．D
阅读理解专练395
5．B
6．B
7．C
8．D
阅读理解专练396
9．D
10．B
11．D
12．C
阅读理解专练397
13．B
14．C
15．C
阅读理解专练398
16．D
17．C
18．D
阅读理解专练399
19．C
20．C
21．D
22．A
阅读理解专练400
23．C
24．B
25．A
26．D
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