专题16 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案）

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高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题16.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练301
【6】
（2022·安徽·合肥一六八中学模拟预测）During the period from 1660 through 1800, Great Britain became the world’s leader. Language itself became submitted to rules during this period. This need to fix the English language is best illustrated in the making of The Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel Johnson. Guides to the English language had been in existence before Johnson began his project in 1746. These, however, were often little more than lists of hard words. When definitions of common words were supplied, they were often unhelpful. For example, a “horse” was defined in an early dictionary as “a beast well known”.
Johnson changed all that, but the task was not an easy one. Renting a house at 17 Gough Square, Johnson began working in the worst of conditions. Supported only by his publisher, Johnson worked on the Dictionary with five pared to the French Academy’s dictionary, which took forty workers fifty-five years to complete (1639-1694), Johnson’s dictionary was completed by very few people very quickly.
Balanced on a chair with only three legs, Johnson sat against a wall in a room filled with books. Johnson would read widely from these books, mark passages illustrating the use of a particular word, and give the books to his assistants so that they could copy the passages on slips of paper. These slips were then stuck to eighty large notebooks under the key words that Johnson had selected. Fixing the word by this method, Johnson could record a word’s usage and its definition.
How many passages were used According to Johnson’s modern biographer Walter Jackson Bate, the original total number could have been over 240, 000. How many words were defined by the lexicographer Over 40, 000 words appeared in two large books in April of 1755. Did Johnson fully understand the huge task he was undertaking when he began As he told his contemporary biographer James Boswell, “I knew very well what I was undertaking and very well how to do it—and have done it very well.
21．What is the problem of early English dictionaries
A．They only offer simple pictures.
B．They list just a few foreign words.
C．They simply give some translations.
D．They add no more than some big words.
22．Why does the author mention the French Academy’s dictionary in Paragraph 2
A．To indicate how easy it is to complete a dictionary.
B．To show the importance of cooperation in work.
C．To highlight the efficiency of Johnson and his assistants.
D．To compare the difference between French and English.
23．What does the underlined word ”lexicographer“ in Paragraph4 refer to
A．A dictionary publisher. B．A biographer.
C．A dictionary maker. D．An assistant.
24．Which of the following can best describe Samuel Johnson
A．Ambitious and pessimistic. B．Humorous and hardworking.
C．Dependent and professional. D．Determined and strong-willed.
阅读理解专练302
【7】
（2022·四川·石室中学三模）British scientist are preparing to launch rials of a new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours（肿瘤）by infecting them with viruses.
Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with his colleagues will lend the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour’s pioneering techniques.
Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harmn to healthy tissue. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress(抑制) the body’s local immune system. “If a cancer doesn’t do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very god place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating(复制).You can regard it as the cancer’s Achilles’ heel.”
Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.
Prof Seymour’s innovative solution is to disguise（伪装）the virus to avoid the body’s immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do—spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. “What we’ve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer（聚合物）coat around it,” he said. After the virus infect the tumour it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognized and mopped up by the body’s immune system.
Two viruses are likely to be examined in he fist clinical trials: adenovirus, and vaccinia. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic（致病的）in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours. Several more years of trials will be needed, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS (National Health Service). Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.
25．The underlined part “Achilles’ heel” in Paragraph three can be replaced by ________.
A．ideal place B．origin C．weak point D．advantage
26．Which of the following statements about the virus therapy is TRUE
A．The viruses can kill cancer cells but may cause harm to healthy tissue.
B．Cancer Research UK is concerned about Professor Seymour’s research
C．The technique of injecting viruses directly into tumors work for all cancers.
D．Professor Seymour is not the first to research on using viruses to kill cancer.
27．What is the creative part of Professor Seymour’s research work
A．Researchers mask the viruses on the way to tumors.
B．Chemotherapy drugs are to be spread through the blood.
C．The copies have the same chemical modifications as the virus.
D．Most copies of the virus will be killed by the immune system.
28．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．Two natural viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials.
B．A lot of work needs to be done before the virus therapy being put to use.
C．The first trials will use coated viruses and will be delivered to liver tumors.
D．The approach will only be used on cancers resistant to conventional treatments.
阅读理解专练303
【8】
（2022·山东济南·二模）Collette Divitto, 31, was born with Down's Syndrome (唐氏综合症) but she is far from disabled. This woman channeled her passion for baking into a cookie business with a global mission to change the world, one, cookie at a time.
Based in Boston, Massachusetts, her company was founded in 2016. Although she didn’t plan on being a business owner, she really created jobs for disabled people with all types of abilities. She said that she opened the bakery after receiving numerous job interview rejections, often being told she was not “a good fit” for the company. “It was sad and it was hard,” she said. “To me, it felt like they didn’t like me at all because of who I am. No one would hire me, so I decided to open my own business.”
The path to success wasn’t easy. Divitto’s mother Rosemary Alfredo didn’t raise her daughter to think of herself as different from her classmates. But this changed when Divitto was in the fourth grade and she was bullied by a boy in her class who started calling her “Down Syndrome”. Her mother had to have a conversation with her about what it meant and from then on, Divitto worked hard to be fully accepted at school.
Divitto is not resting on her laurels (荣誉). A big part of her company’s mission is to help people with disabilities find jobs. She is also the author of two children’s books and she was featured on the documentary Born for Business, about pioneers with disabilities. Divitto also runs a nonprofit organization, Collettey’s Leadership Org.
Her first priority is to let people start seeing abilities in the physically disadvantaged and to employ the 82 percent of the people with disabilities who are capable of working but cannot find jobs. With her drive and vision, Divitto is sure to be a success.
29．What drove Divitto to Start her own business
A．The desire to help others.
B．The failure to find a job.
C．The prospect of bakery.
D．The passion for baking.
30．What can we learn about Divitto from Paragraph 4
A．She attempts to be a pioneer.
B．She aims to assist the disabled.
C．She wants to enlarge her business.
D．She plans to direct a documentary.
31．What concerns Divitto most about the disabled
A．Equal human rights.
B．Their working conditions.
C．Chances of self-development.
D．Recognition of their abilities.
32．Which of the following can best describe Divitto
A．Independent and strict.
B．Ambitious and humorous.
C．Determined and responsible.
D．Outgoing and knowledgeable.
阅读理解专练304
【8】
（2022·山西·怀仁市第一中学校模拟预测）Every email, post, photo and click you make online leaves a track. Even by reading this article, you’re adding to your ever-growing online image, which will be seen and judged, fairly or not, by others. Whether or not your information is shared intentionally, it’s being gathered by advertisers, employers and companies from which you shop.
It's permanent, it follows you for life and it's not going anywhere——it's your digital footprint.
It is becoming more important than ever in today’s digital economy. One's digital footprint can affect somebody’s life in a positive or negative way depending on what kind of digital citizen you are. Everybody can see what you post, react to, or comment on. This includes employers, parents, teachers and even people you don't know. From seeing the types of things you post and like, people get an understanding of who you are and take a glance at your life. This can lead to loss of opportunity like jobs and schooling. Your digital footprint can also help one to be exposed to more opportunities and bring more attention to one’s brand and business.
“A strong online presence, or digital footprint, can be a career wealth in today’s competitive job market. Many employers are performing online searches——in addition to reviewing resumes and cover letters——in an attempt to learn about potential hires, including their interests, industry involvement and, more importantly, their ability to market themselves effectively,” says Diane Domeyer, career expert and director of The Creative Group.
Now that you know what a digital footprint is, take the proper steps to cultivate it. Think of it as a lifelong development. Take advantage of the platform to present yourself in a good light and show off your best qualities. After all, you never know who will be looking in our newfound digital economy.
33．Which of the following will become your digital footprint
A．Riding the latest bikes for outdoor activities.
B．Purchasing electric cars in physical shops.
C．Taking pictures during your visit to Beijing.
D．Paying the annual bill through face recognition.
34．How can your digital footprint affect you in today's digital economy
A．By reflecting your online personal image.
B．By keeping an eye on your personal brand.
C．By recording the number of your comments.
D．By knowing people from different walks of life.
35．What can we infer about the digital footprint according to Diane Domeyer
A．It might replace cover letters. B．It might involve home market.
C．It might decide your next job. D．It might develop your interest.
36．Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A．Can You Manage Your Digital Footprint
B．Do You Have a Positive Digital Footprint
C．Why Is the Digital Footprint Important Now
D．What Does Your Digital Footprint Say About You
阅读理解专练305
【10】
（2022·山东济南·二模）Without sharp reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, climate change threatens future Winter Olympic Games because their locations would be too warm to host the events, a new study has found.
If the world’s high emissions continue their trend, by the 2080s all but one of the 21 cities that previously hosted the Winter Games - Sapporo, Japan - would not be able to do so again. Among them, 6 cities would be considered “marginal” while 14 would even be seen “unreliable”— meaning the right conditions for snow and athlete safety cannot be met.
But that won’t necessarily happen if the world takes urgent action and follows the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, according to Daniel Scott, the lead researcher for the University of Waterloo’s report. Under that deal, nearly 200 countries agreed to greatly cut their collective greenhouse emissions.
Athletes and coaches surveyed by the researchers said they re already seeing the effect climate change has on their sports. “Some of the coaches that did the survey have been coaches in the sport for 30 years,” Scott said. “They’ve traveled the world, back to the same competitions, and they’ve seen that certain competitions don’t happen, as regularly or uninterruptedly as they used to because of warmer temperatures.”
The Summer Olympics are also feeling the effects of climate change. Tokyo’s Olympic and Paralympic Games are likely one of—if not—the hottest and most humid Games on record. Daily temperatures reached 80F high with high humidity (湿度) that could make it feel like 100°F.
But winter sports seem more strongly influenced by the impact of a warmer world. During the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, skiers were overheating in the same way a marathon runner would at nearly 90F weather. Due to the great impact, the study makes us worry that outdoor games may have to move indoors or be held at a different time of year altogether in order to accommodate higher temperatures.
37．What does the underlined word “marginal” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Almost unqualified.
B．Pretty satisfactory.
C．Rather unpopular.
D．Quite suitable.
38．Why are Tokyo’s Olympics mentioned in Paragraph 5
A．To show the spirit of the Olympics.
B．To stress the impact of climate change.
C．To reveal the cause of warmer climate.
D．To compare summer and winter Olympics
39．What is the author’s attitude to the finding of the study
A．Conservative.
B．Tolerant.
C．Optimistic.
D．Concerned.
40．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Global climate changes.
B．Greenhouse gas emissions.
C．The Winter Olympics crisis.
D．The future Olympic Games.
阅读理解专练306
【11】
（2022·北京朝阳·二模）The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the separation from reality of advertisements showing mass-produced cars marketed as symbols of individuality and of freedom when most of their lives will be spent making short journeys on choked roads.
Despite top speeds and cornering ability advertised, the most useful gadgets on a modern car are those which work when you’re going very slowly: parking sensors, sound systems, and navigation apps which will show a way around upcoming traffic jams. These apps know where almost all the users are, and how fast they are moving almost all the time, they can spot traffic congestion (堵塞) very quickly and suggest ways round it.
The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app which tells them to avoid everyone else using the same gadget. Traffic jams often appear where no one has enough information to avoid them. When a lucky few have access to the knowledge, they will benefit greatly. But when everyone has perfect information, traffic jams simply spread onto the side roads that seem to offer a way round them.
This new congestion teaches us two things. The first is that the promises of technology will never be realised as fully as we hope. They will be limited by their unforeseen and unintended consequences. Sitting in a more comfortable car in a different traffic jam is pleasant but hardly the liberation that once seemed to be promised. The second is that self-organisation will not get us where we want to go. The efforts of millions of drivers to get ahead do not miraculously produce a situation in which everyone does better than before, but one in which almost everyone does rather worse. Central control and collective organization can produce smoother and fairer outcomes, though even that much is never guaranteed.
Similar limits can be foreseen for the much greater advances promised by self-driving cars. One autonomously operated car by the taxi company Uber struck and killed a woman pushing her bicycle across a wide road in Arizona. Experts have said that it suggests a “catastrophic failure” of technology.
Increasingly, even the top tech-company has to acknowledge the costs of intoxicating (令人陶醉的) hurry that characterizes its culture. What traffic teaches us is that reckless and uncontrolled change is as likely to harm us as it is to benefit us, and that thoughtful regulation is necessary for a better future.
41．What can we infer about the car advertisements
A．They present a false picture of the cars.
B．They emphasize the mass production of cars.
C．They portray drivers enjoying speed on the road.
D．They pursue individuality and freedom in design.
42．What can we know about the various gadgets on cars
A．They are constantly upgraded.
B．All of them are used effectively.
C．Only some can be used frequently.
D．They can help to relieve traffic jams.
43．What does the author say about the use of the navigation app
A．It benefits those who are learning to drive.
B．It is likely to create traffic jams in other places.
C．It helps a great deal in easing traffic congestion.
D．It sharply reduces the occurrence of traffic accidents.
44．What do we learn about technology from the passage
A．It seldom delivers all the benefits as promised.
B．Its consequences are usually difficult to assess.
C．Its benefits are guaranteed by collective wisdom.
D．It depends on the required knowledge for application.
阅读理解专练307
【12】
（2022·北京朝阳·二模）Six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom brick by brick, imagining fairy-tale castles and fire-breathing dragons, bad witches and brave heroes. This fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity. Minutes later, Alice has abandoned the kingdom in favour of playing schools with her younger brother. When she bosses him around as his “teacher”, she’s practising how to regulate her emotions through pretense. Later on, when they tire of this and settle down with a board game, she’s learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner. Although she isn’t aware of it, this will play an important role in her adult life.
“Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,” says Dr. David Whitebread from the University of Cambridge. It underpins how we develop as intellectual, problem-solving adults and is crucial to our success as a highly adaptable species. Recognising the importance of play is not new: over two millennia ago, the Greek philosopher Plato extolled its virtues as a means of developing skills for adult life, and ideas about play-based learning have been developing since the 19th century.
But we live in changing times, and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play, pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities. Whitebread, Baker, Gibson and a team of researchers hope to provide evidence on the role played by play in how a child develops.
“A strong possibility is that play supports the early development of children’s self-control. This is our ability to develop awareness of our own thinking processes. It influences how effectively we go about undertaking challenging activities,” explains Baker. In a study carried out by Baker with toddlers and young preschoolers, she found that children with greater self-control solved problems more quickly when exploring an unfamiliar set-up requiring scientific reasoning.
Gibson said, “Playful behaviour is also an important indicator of healthy social and emotional development. In my previous research, I investigated how observing children at play can give us important clues about their well-being and can even be useful in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.”
Whitebread’s recent research has involved developing a play-based approach to supporting children’s writing. “Many primary school children find writing difficult, but we showed in a previous study that a playful stimulus was far more effective than an instructional one. Children wrote longer and better-structured stories when they first played with dolls representing characters in the story.
Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades. It’s regarded as something trivial, or even as something negative that contrasts with “work”. Let’s not lose sight of its benefits, and the fundamental contributions it makes to human achievements in the arts, sciences and technology. Let’s make sure children have a rich diet of play experiences.
45．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To illustrate the benefits of too much spare time.
B．To describe a kid’s peaceful and happy childhood.
C．To present the importance of a rich variety of play.
D．To introduce the distinctive functions of different toys.
46．What does the underlined word “underpins” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Weakens. B．Reinforces. C．Investigates. D．Influences.
47．What has Whitebread’s recent research found out
A．Children with greater self-control solve problems faster.
B．Children at play often show hints about their well-being.
C．Students write better when they integrate work with play.
D．Play promotes healthy social and emotional development.
48．How does the author feel about current people’s awareness of play
A．Curious. B．Satisfied. C．Cheerful. D．Concerned.
阅读理解专练308
（2022·四川宜宾·二模）Point your cameras toward the sky as February’s full moon, nicknamed the snow moon, will make its appearance from midnight Tuesday to midnight Thursday, according to NASA．
The snow moon will be at its brightest on February 16 at 11:57 a.m. American East Time, but the best time to view it will be after sunset. As a bonus, the moon will be above the east-northeastern horizon on Wednesday evening, which will place it near Regulus, a bright star.
February’s full moon will be generally visible in areas around the world that do not have dense cloud coverage. It will be below the horizon at the South Pole, though, and therefore not viewable from that area.
A large storm system forecast for the central and eastern United States is expected to bring cloud cover, making moongazing difficult Wednesday night into Thursday morning, especially for anyone east of the Rockies, according to CNN Meteorologist Haley Brink.
The best places in the US to view the full moon will be portions of the Southwest and California, where clearer skies are expected.
There are 10 full moons left in 2022, with two of them qualifying as supermoons. Here is a list of the remaining moons for 2022, according to the Farmers’ Almanac:
March 18: Worm moon April 16: Pink moon
May 16: Flower moon June 14: Strawberry moon
July 13: Buck moon August 11: Sturgeon moon
September 10: Harvest moon October 9: Hunter’s moon
November 8: Beaver moon December 7: Cold moon
While these are the popularized names associated with the monthly full moons, the significance of each one may vary across Native American tribes.
1．Where can people watch the snow moon most suitably this year
A．At the South Pole. B．In the east of Rockies.
C．In the Central United States. D．In the Southwest of United States.
2．Which day is available for appreciating the Harvest moon
A．April 16. B．September 10. C．October 9. D．December 7.
3．Who are most interested in the passage
A．Space amateurs. B．Tourism lovers.
C．Fashion seekers. D．Sports enthusiasts.
阅读理解专练309
（2022·江苏连云港·二模）
Riding a horse at a high speed on grassland covered with snow while dressed in a red cloak (披风) and a white fur hat isn't something people would normally see a Chinese government official do. So it's not surprising that He Jiaolong, a female official from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, almost instantly became an online celebrity after she posted such a video.
She came up with the idea to make the video when she was thinking about new ways to let more people know about the famous horse breed (品种) of Zhaosu County, Ili, known as “heavenly horses”.
“I never expected the video to be such a hit. At first, I really didn't like to be called an online celebrity, because l never wanted to be one. But now I'm gradually getting used to using my influence to boost local development, she said.
Besides posting short videos, she has also been promoting local agricultural products and tourist resources via livestreaming (直播). With more followers, she can now help to sell local products worth more than 2 million yuan during a livestream while sales were only about 5,000 yuan each time when she first started to livestream on social media.
While she continues to draw the public's attention to Ili, she also has to keep dealing with the stress brought by criticism, especially often being questioned if being a social media celebrity may affect her work as an official. She said that she had even thought of giving up appearing on social media several times.
“I am, above all, a government official. I will never let what I do on social media affect my job,” she said. “I want to see the locals appreciate my efforts in serving them, which is my duty. I hope people can feel the warmth and positive energy of Xinjiang officials via my videos. I am simply one of them.”
4．Why did He Jiaolong first make her videos
A．To introduce her job.
B．To gain personal fame.
C．To promote a horse breed.
D．To advertise the local scenery.
5．What can we learn from He Jiaolong's words in Paragraph 3
A．She enjoys being called an online celebrity.
B．She is proud of her skills of making short videos.
C．The video's success makes a difference to her life.
D．The video's success damages her image as an official.
6．What changes has He Jiaolong's livestreaming brought to Ili
A．Sales of local products have been increased.
B．Lives of local residents have been disturbed.
C．More local officials join her in livestreaming.
D．More followers make videos of the local scenery.
7．How does He Jiaolong react to people's criticism
A．She decides to quit appearing online.
B．She apologizes to the local government.
C．She consults experts on dealing with the stress.
D．She continues serving people through her efforts.
阅读理解专练310
（2022·内蒙古·包头市第四中学一模）To persist, life must reproduce. Scientists at the University of Vermont, Tufts University, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discovered an entirely new form of biological reproduction and applied their discovery to create the first-ever, self-replicating (自我复制的) living robots.
Named Xenobots after the African clawed frog from which scientists take their stem cells, the machines are less than 0.04 inches wide-small enough to travel inside human bodies. They can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food,and work together in groups. They even have regenerative capabilities; when the scientists sliced into one robot, it healed by itself and kept moving.
The Xenobots could potentially be used toward a host of tasks. Xenobots could be used to clean up radioactive waste and collect microplastics in the oceans. Some Xenobots had holes in their center, which could potentially be used to transport drugs or medicines. Traditional robots “degrade (降解) over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects,” researchers said in the study, which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. As biological machines, Xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health. Aside from these immediate practical tasks, Xenobots could also help researchers to learn more about cell biology — opening the doors to future advancement in human health and longevity.
While the prospect of self-replicating biotechnology could spark concern, the researchers said that the living machines were entirely contained in a lab and easily destroyed, as they are biodegradable and regulated by experts. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity (可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems,” said Joshua Bongard, one of the lead researchers at the University of Vermont.
8．Which of the following best explains “regenerative” underlined in paragraph 2
A．Fighting disease. B．Replacing old cells.
C．Self-cleaning regularly. D．Recovering and growing again.
9．What can we learn about Xenobots from paragraph 3
A．They can be widely applied to curing diseases.
B．They can serve well the research on human health.
C．They are specially designed to collect radioactive waste.
D．They are harmless to the environment by degrading plastics.
10．What is Bongar’s attitude towards the self-replicating biotechnology
A．Positive. B．Doubtful.
C．Indifferent. D．Ambiguous.
11．What does the text mainly talk about
A．An experiment on African clawed frogs.
B．The trend of developing biotechnology.
C．An application of a machine in medicine.
D．The invention of the first self-reproduction robots.
阅读理解专练311
（2022·安徽省舒城中学高二阶段练习）When evaluating people on various psychological tests, psychologists often distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance. Absolute performance reflects the raw measurement of something, like the time it takes to run a mile. Relative performance is how a person rates in relation to their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative, as we compare ourselves to our peers and the standards that are most familiar to us. For instance, in my private practice, I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job. While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up depressed each day, Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why Because most of his closest peers — his siblings and friends from childhood — have lives far worse than his.
In contrast to Omar, I have another patient, an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”, whose family has property over $5 million. Lena, however, lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income level. Though Lena's family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than I percent of her peers across the world can share, she consistently feels “less than”. Why Because Lena doesn't compare herself to the rest of the world; This is too abstract an exercise for her, as it would be for most of us.
Accordingly, whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral, therapy (疗法) with individuals struggling with situational or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with basing one's self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values. independent of the achievement of others. For all of us, defining these goals, especially during Periods of emotional calm, can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression.
12．What is the function of Paragraph 1
A．To show the significance of evaluating people.
B．To motivate readers to study psychological tests.
C．To help people perform well in psychological tests.
D．To provide some background information on evaluating people.
13．Why does the author mention his two patients
A．To measure different achievement.
B．To introduce the standards to evaluate people.
C．To explain relative performance with examples.
D．To contrast relative performance and absolute performance.
14．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Setting goals in life is essential for everyone.
B．It's important to avoid unhealthy comparisons.
C．A sense of achievement can affect one's happiness,
D．Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression.
15．What is the best title for the text
A．Happiness: Is it all relative
B．Self-worth: Is it measurable
C．Self-worth: Is it based on efforts
D．Happiness: Is it associated with achievement
阅读理解专练312
（2022·广东·深圳外国语学校模拟预测）The 93rd Academy Awards ceremony was held on April 25, 2021, rather than its usual late-February date due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Winners
The nominee were announced on March15. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony. Chinese filmmaker Chloe Zhao became the first woman of color to win Best Director and the second woman overall after Kathryn Bigelow, who claimed the title at the 2010 ceremony for directing The Hurt Locker. Best Actress winner Frances McDormand became the seventh person to win a third acting Oscar and the second to win Best Actress three times. As a producer of Nomadland, she also was the first person in history to win Oscars for both acting and producing for the same film. Best Supporting Actress winner Youn Yuh-jung became the first Korean performer and second Asian female to win an Oscar after Miyoshi Umeki, who won the same category for her role in 1957's Sayonara.
Part of awards
Best Actor Anthony Hopkins—The Father as Anthony Best Supporting Actress Youn Yuh-jung—Minari as Soon-ja Best Director Chloe Zhao—Nomadland Best Production Design Mark—Production Design: Donal Graham Burt; Set Decoration: Jan Pascale Best Picture Nomadland—Frances McDormand, Peter Spears, and Chloe Zhao Best Cinematography Mank—Erik Messerschmidt Best Costume Design Ma Rainey's Black Bottom—Ann Roth Best Supporting Actor Daniel Kaluuya—Judas and the black Messiah as Fred Hampton
Rule changesDue to the ceremony date change, the Academy changed the qualification deadline for feature films from December 31, 2020 to February 28, 2021. The Academy also revised its release and distribution requirements by allowing for films that were released via video on demand or streaming to be qualified for the awards.
16．Who is the first female to win the Academy Award for Best Director
A．Chloe Zhao. B．Kathryn Bigelow. C．Youn Yuh-jung D．Frances McDormand.
17．Which film won the most awards in 2021 Oscar
A．Nomadland. B．The Father. C．Sayonara. D．Minari.
18．What was the deadline for feature films
A．April 25, 2021. B．March 15, 2021. C．February 28, 2021. D．December 31, 2020.
阅读理解专练313
（2022·江苏·一模）Architecture is amazing. It has changed the way I look and interact with the world and my environment. It has trained me to be hyper-sensitive (过度敏感) to the built environment, to recognize problems and find solutions that an untrained eye would never notice.
As much as I love this profession, it is very easy to get lost in architecture. I get so focused that I have forgotten about everything else. Luckily my passion for cycling kept me sane (清醒的) while I was becoming an architect. I faced a lot of obstacles and challenges taking a bicycle ride across the United States. Looking back, cycling across the America was actually one of the smartest things I ever did.
I have actually bicycled across the continental USA twice; East to west. Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean, both times. Bicycling across America isn’t as hard as you think.
I rode alone on my first trip in 2005 from Virginia Beach to the coast of Florence, Oregon. In the end it was 4,547 miles over the course of 77 days.
I left for the second trip in 2007 with my two best friends from Bar Harbor, Maine to Portland, Oregon, which was a 4,886 mile ride over 90 days. At that time, I fell in love with the idea of leaving the east coast behind, starting a whole new life and career in a new city. I ended up in Portland. After arriving in town on a bike, I eventually found a job, a place to live and an amazing dog.
I share all this not to convince anyone to go biking across America, but only to share how doing this has changed my life. Architecture has given me a wonderful life and career but it isn’t everything. Thankfully I have also been very passionate about: my friends, traveling, bicycles, punk rock, technology, the internet, my dog, and even yoga. My architecture background has definitely sweetened my relationship with all those things.
Becoming an architect is a noble pursuit, but you should keep pursuing everything else that you are passionate about. It will enhance your architecture career and ultimately make you a more interesting person, which in my opinion is really more important than being another silly architect.
19．What’s the advantage of cycling according to the author
A．Changing his negative attitude to architecture.
B．Keeping himself focused on his career all the time.
C．Enabling him to find solutions without training.
D．Making him a much better architect and person.
20．What does the author think of his two cross-country bike trips
A．They are harder than what he expected before.
B．They show the benefits of riding with friends.
C．They give him some extraordinary experiences.
D．They guarantee him a new life and career in Portland.
21．What can be inferred from Paragraph 6
A．Don’t get completely lost in your hobbies.
B．Don’t abandon hobbies for your profession.
C．Don’t feel ashamed of stopping your hobbies.
D．Don’t weigh your family against your profession.
22．In the last paragraph, the author reminds us to ________.
A．take up the pursuit of becoming an architect
B．find what we are really passionate about
C．appreciate other people’s good intentions
D．avoid our career taking over other pursuits
阅读理解专练314
（2022·北京石景山·一模）When it comes to lowering our carbon emissions (排放), it seems that nothing is simple. Electric vehicles (EVs) act as an example of potential greenwash. “They seem very attractive at first sight,” writes The Next Web in a report. “When we look more closely, it becomes clear that they have a substantial carbon footprint.”
The rare earth metals and costly minerals included as essential ingredients in EV batteries are not renewable. What’s more, their extraction (提炼) is often anything but green.
So the question is: is it worth it Just how much emission reduction can EVs justify Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been done to give us some answers.
“A life cycle analysis of emissions considers three phases,” writes The Next Web. “the manufacturing phase, the use phase, and the recycling phase.” In the manufacturing phase, the battery is to blame. “Emissions from manufacturing EV batteries were estimated to be 3.2 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), 1/4 of those from an electric car, 13 tons of CO2. Those were bigger than emissions from gas cars, 10.5 tons of CO2.” If the vehicle life is assumed to be 150,000 kilometers, emissions from the manufacturing phase of an electric car are higher than gas cars.”
In the use phase, the source of electricity the consumer is using to power their car comes into play in a major way. “To understand how the emissions of electric car vary with a country’s renewable electricity share, consider Australia and New Zealand,” continues the report. “In 2018, Australia’s share of renewables in electricity was about 21%. In contrast, the number in New Zealand’s was about 84%. Electric car emissions in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at about 170g and 25g of CO2 per km respectively. As a consumer, our car is only as green as our country’s energy mix.”
Finally, in the recycling phase, we look at vehicle dismantling(拆除), vehicle recycling, battery recycling, and material recovery. “The estimated emissions in this phase, based on a study, are about 1.8 tons for a gas car and 2.4 tons for an electric car. This difference is mostly due to the emissions from battery recycling, which is 0.7 tons,” shows in the report. “While electric cars cause more greenhouse gas emissions than gas cars do, it's important to note the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This could have significant emissions reduction benefits in the future. For complete life cycle emissions, the study shows that EV emissions are 18% lower than gas cars.”
So here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re not as green as we thought. There’s certainly room for improvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the global energy transition toward greener energy-production.
23．Why is a life cycle analysis of emissions made
A．To illustrate the advantages of EVs.
B．To show how gas cars outperform EVs.
C．To weigh the environmental impact of EVs.
D．To examine the energy sources of gas cars and EVs.
24．How does the author support the underlined statement in Paragraph 5
A．By giving instructions. B．By highlighting features.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing cause and effect.
25．According to the passage, what contributes to EVs’ beating gas cars
A．Recycling of batteries. B．Overall driving distance.
C．Manufacturing technology. D．Government’s energy policy.
26．Which of the following statements does the author support
A．EVs are worthy of the praise they have received.
B．EVs are not successful for their environmental downsides.
C．EVs will no longer be widely accepted for their emissions.
D．EVs are not truly green until their energy sources become green.
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（2022·山东聊城·一模）Do you know that forests cover an estimated 38 percent of the total land surface of the European Union (EU) And that these extensive areas covered with trees and underbrush need to be protected so they can continue to do good for the environment for the next generation Now the EU has just come up with is ambitious new “Forest Strategy”.
Forests can fight against climate change and prevent biodiversity loss They can reduce the impacts of climate change by cooling down cities, protecting us from heavy flooding, and reducing drought impacts. They are valuable ecosystems that are home to a major part of the world’s plants and animals. But forests also improve our health and well-being through functions like water regulation, erosion (侵蚀) control and air purification. And they serve as ideal settings for “recreation, relaxation and learning, as well as securing livelihoods”.
This new European- wide forest conservation vision takes in an impressive commitment to plant a minimum of three billion additional trees over the next decade. This is an ambitious plan but a long overdue one because forests have been battered by severe weather and human impacts, particularly the demand for wood over the last ten years. As the EU Observer puts it,“extreme weather events and the increasing demand for forest services and products, driven by wood-based bioenergy and international trade, have accelerated tree cover loss in the last decade.”
This EU strategy takes into account the complexity of ; forest sustainability. Observation, knowledge exchange, ongoing monitoring and close cooperation between public and private organizations and individuals are also key elements in this new continent- wide forest protection strategy.
This is a future- focused blueprint, designed to protect these precious green areas, and ensure that the trees and greenery are here to stay!
27．Why are two questions raised in the beginning
A．To tell us the EU’s forest coverage.
B．To call on people to protect forests.
C．To explain the reason for the strategy.
D．To encourage more forest expansion.
28．What does the author intend to show in paragraph 2
A．The urgency of the strategy.
B．The importance of forests.
C．The background of the strategy.
D．The environmental role of forests.
29．What does the underlined word “battered” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Preserved. B．Controlled. C．Removed. D．Damaged.
30．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Planting Trees for the World
B．Irreplaceable Benefits of Forests
C．EU’s Action to Protect the Earth
D．Taking Forests into the Future
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（2022·北京市第一三二中学一模）In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Cai’olina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts.
Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.
In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals.
Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university.
Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies.
Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties.
Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.”
Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process,” she says, “if you make some money, that’s good as well.”
31．The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to________.
A．raise a question B．report a finding
C．introduce a topic D．present a theory
32．To better deal with COIs,________.
A．researchers have to quit their job at the university
B．researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist
C．institutions need to monitor the staff’s career and relationships
D．institutions should train researchers to create management plans
33．What can we leam from the passage
A．Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly.
B．Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies.
C．Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers.
D．Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer’s decision.
34．What can we infer from the passage
A．COIs can be defined depending on interpretations.
B．COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity.
C．COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains.
D．COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces.
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（2022·湖北·一模）A Kind Note from My Student
—by lewski711 , posted Dec 25, 2021
We’re working on paragraph writing in class. One of the assignments was to write one on your hero. This little bugger(小坏蛋<爱称> ) chose me. Please do not judge his incredible manuscript. We’re working that for him. Instead, judge his content.
For those who cannot read third grade :
“My hero is Mr. Lewandowski. He can do magic. He’s good at teaching. He’s good at math. Who is your hero ”
Someone’s getting an “A” for Christmas this year!
READERS COMMENTS
dotmatrix wrote: A great teacher is a true gift to our world. Beautiful. .
pluto178 wrote: My son was once asked to write about his hero and he chose me! Boy! Was he sorry the next day when asked to read them out and others had people like Batman and Spiderman Still I am sure I could rock the outfit. It’s so nice though when someone does this for you.
dance wrote: Bless the little one!
singhharry1996 wrote: That is beautiful to be a kind model for your students! It will stick with them.
butterkind wrote: How sweet!!
janfour wrote: so nice
gardenga110 wrote: Actually, I was able to translate the original third grade manuscript with little difficulty. You have a winner in your class Mr. L. :))
lt33 wrote: Aww that’s sweet he sees something in you that radiates kindness.
Rajni wrote: World owes teacher a lot for their dedication and love for teaching and thereby shape future. ideal citizens. Mr. Lewandowski, you, deserve the honor your student gave you. You are real hero.
Helenconnell2 wrote: I always think students see their teachers in a way that managers and inspectors cannot! So wonderful to see!
35．How does Mr. Lewandowski like the little bugger’s writing content
A．Terrible. B．Poor. C．Medium. D．Good.
36．In what aspect does pluto178 empathize(有共鸣) with Mr. Lewandowski
A．Being a true gift to the world.
B．Being chosen as a hero by their little bugger.
C．Being dedicated to shaping future ideal citizens.
D．Owning something radiating kindness in themselves.
37．Which reader can make out the pupil’s manuscript with ease
A．dotmatrix B．Helenconne112 C．gardenga110 D．singhharry1996
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（2022·湖北·一模）Crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission are scheduled to give a live lecture on Thursday afternoon from the orbiting Tiangong space station to students around the world, the China Manned Space Agency said on Monday.
The three taikonauts—Major General Zhai Zhigang, Senior Colonel Wang Yaping and Senior Colonel Ye Guangfu will show viewers how they live and work inside the space station and will then carry out experiments to display interesting physical phenomena in space such as “disappearing buoyancy” and a “water ball”. They will also answer viewers’ questions at the end of the livestreamed event, the agency said.
The activity is intended to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and ignite enthusiasm for science among young people. The taikonauts “sincerely invite young viewers to conduct similar experiments along with them to observe the physical disparities between space and land environments to experience the fun of exploration”, the agency said.
The agency said last week that the, lecture “will mark the launch of the Tiangong Class , China’s first extraterrestrial lecture series to popularize space science”. It added that such lectures will be based on the country’s manned spaceflights and will be presented by taikonauts. Featuring interactive teaching, the activities will be mainly targeted at youngsters as the students on the ground were able to communicate with the three taikonauts in real time during the class.
The Shenzhou XIII mission was launched on Oct 16 by a Long March 2F carrier rocket that blasted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China’s Gobi Desert, with the crew soon entering the Tiangong station. They are scheduled to spend six months working in the station, making it China’s longest manned space mission.
The agency said that as a national space-based laboratory, Tiangong is also tasked with promoting and propagating science and technology knowledge. The orbiting outpost has abundant, unique educational resources and boasts advantages when it comes to encouraging the public, especially young people to embrace science and space exploration, it said.
38．How many parts does the lecture include
A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.
39．What does the underlined word “disparities” in Paragraph3 mean
A．inequalities. B．differences. C．complications. D．phenomena.
40．What’s the biggest characteristic of the lecture
A．Hands-on. B．Student-oriented. C．Experiment-focused. D．Interactive.
41．Which can be inferred from the text
A．Tiangong can become a long-term classroom in space.
B．All the space-based experiments can be done on earth.
C．The Shenzhou XIII manned space mission is China’s longest.
D．The lecture is designed to spark youths’ enthusiasm for science.
阅读理解专练319
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）In their letters to Santa Claus, most kids ask for toys, dolls or maybe a new Xbox. All Jonah Simons wanted was a coronavirus cure to save the world. That was last year. This holiday season, the 10-year-old Florida boy is back with a different request for Santa.
“Dear Santa, it’s Jonah. Do you remember me I was the one who asked for a covid cure,” he wrote in a letter addressed to the North Pole and shared with CNN. “Thank you so much for the vaccine! You helped save lives. This year, can I please have a Santa costume to spread your joy around the world ”
With a relentless virus and threats of the Omicron variant still plaguing a weary nation, Jonah has big plans for the Santa suit. “I want to wear it and go around the neighborhood and spread Santa’s joy, asking people what they want for Christmas,” the fifth-grader said.
Jonah turned 10 in July, and instead of gifts he asked his family and friends to donate to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. His birthday effort raised $1,000 in donations from family and friends all over—even his favorite employees at the local Publix store, his mother says.
He also marked his birthday by donating his hair to Locks of Love, the charity that makes wigs for kids with cancer or other medical conditions. During a year of lockdown, he teamed up with some friends and grew out his hair to nine inches.
Jonah’s good deeds are not limited to birthdays. He works to help his community all year, including donating and sorting food for the homeless with the organization Feeding South Florida, and packing holiday gifts for children.
42．What does Jonah want as a Christmas gift this year
A．A covid cure. B．Toys and dolls.
C．Anew Xbox. D．A Santa suit.
43．Which one of the following doesn’t belong to the good behaviour of Jonah
A．Donating his hair to a charity.
B．Sending his birthday gifts to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital.
C．Wrapping holiday gifts for kids.
D．Contributing food to the homeless.
44．Which of the following best describes Jonah
A．Kind and courageous. B．Generous and brave.
C．Caring and helpful. D．Friendly and innocent.
45．What can we infer from the passage
A．Jonah didn’t realize his wish last year.
B．The coronavirus is still not under complete control.
C．Jonah raised $1,000 from his family and friends all over.
D．Jonah wants to wear a Santa suit and go around the neighborhood and spread Santa’s joy.
阅读理解专练320
1.【2022. 广东省名校2022届高三年级下学期联合测试·A】
阅读理解
Proper Care and Use of a Microscope
A microscope is a useful instrument for observing small objects. By producing a magnified image, the microscope reveals details that are undetectable to the naked eye.
Before using the microscope, please read the instructions below.
CAUTION:
Microscopes are both delicate and expensive and must be handled with care.
1. Always carry the microscope with two hands —— one supporting the base and the other on the arm.
2. Avoid placing the power cable of the lamp across a walkway.
3. Keep the stage clean and always use a glass slide for specimens.
4. To avoid damaging the glass slide when focusing, begin with the lens close to the specimen and gradually back off to focus.
5. Keep the microscope covered to prevent the buildup of dust while it is being stored.
_________________________:
1. Plug in the lamp.
2. Place a sample of what you wish to observe on a slide.
3. Adjust the mirror so is reflects light from the room up into the objective lens. When the mirror is correctly adjusted, a complete circle of light will turn up when you look through the eyepiece.
4. Place your slide with the specimen directly over the center of the glass circle on the stage. If it is a wet slide, be sure the bottom of the slide is dry.
5. With the LOW POWER objective lens placed over the slide, use the coarse focus knob to lower the lens to the lowest point.
6. Look through the eyepiece with one eye while closing the other eye. Slowly raise the lens until the focus is relatively clear.
7. Use the fine focus knob to fine-tune the focus.
8. Without changing the focus knobs, switch to the HIGH POWER objective lens. Once you have switched to HIGH POWER, use only the fine focus knob to make the image sharper.
21．Which of the following pictures of carrying a microscope is right
A．B．C． D．
22．Which of the following would be proper to fill in the blank
A．HOW TO CLEAN THE MICROSCOPE B．HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE
C．HOW TO REPAIR THE MICROSCOPE D．HOW TO USE THE FOCUS KNOB
23．According to the passage, you can see a complete circle of light ______.
A．after correctly adjusting the mirror
B．when slowly raising the objective lens
C．before positioning the mirror correctly
D．while looking at the specimen on a slide
专题16.答案
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21．D
22．C
23．C
24．D
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25．C
26．D
27．A
28．B
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29．B
30．B
31．D
32．C
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33．D
34．A
35．C
36．D
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37．A
38．B
39．D
40．C
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41．D
42．C
43．B
44．A
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45．C
46．B
47．C
48．D
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1．D
2．B
3．A
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4．C
5．C
6．A
7．D
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8．D
9．B
10．A
11．D
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12．D
13．C
14．B
15．A
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16．B
17．A
18．C
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19．D
20．C
21．B
22．D
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23．C
24．C
25．A
26．D
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27．C
28．B
29．D
30．D
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31．C
32．B
33．D
34．A
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35．D
36．B
37．C
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38．C
39．B
40．D
41．A
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42．D
43．B
44．C
45．B
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21．C 22．B 23．A
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