专题23 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题23.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练441
（2022·广东韶关·二模）Many organizations learned in the past year that remote work can be highly effective, with 83% of employers surveyed saying that the shift to remote work has been successful for their company, according to a PwC study. In addition, 54% of workers want to continue working remotely after the pandemic. Now that it’s clear where the work is done is not as important as people once thought, the other dimension of flexibility that workers desire for is the freedom to determine when the work is done. A 2019 study by the International Workplace Group found that 80% of workers would turn down a job that did not offer a flexible work schedule for one that did, and 76% of workers said they’d consider staying at their current employer if they could work flexible hours.
According to a Microsoft Work Trend Report, the 9-to-5 workday is disappearing, as the increase in remote work has allowed for more flexible hours. Employees are increasingly working asynchronously completing tasks on their own schedules, which may be different from those of their colleagues. Asynchronous work is now essential to being part of a modern, digital economy, staying competitive in the war for talent, and building a globally distributed workforce.
Tsedal Neeley, a Harvard Business School professor, says, “Companies have to profoundly rethink what it means to be part of a modem work structure. This idea of 9-to-5 or face-time culture is actually not helpful for a digitally advanced economy.” She highlights that underlying face-time culture is the need to monitor or see people in order to feel like work is advancing. However, this assumption that being productive requires seeing people do the work is not only limiting, but also ridiculous, as technology and automation are increasingly used to get work done and are inherently not as observable. Asynchronous work, she adds, is “a completely new mindset in line with a digital economy.”
28．What job would most workers accept according to the studies in Paragraph 1
A．They can enjoy the flexibility of working hours.
B．They are free to decide how the work is done.
C．They can work in a remote place as they wish.
D．They work from 9 am to 5 pm during the workdays.
29．Which of the following can best replace asynchronously in Paragraph 2
A．On their own. B．In the meanwhile.
C．With ease. D．At different times.
30．Which of the following may Professor Neeley agree with
A．Face-time culture is part of a modern work structure.
B．Face-time culture helps monitor the advanced economy.
C．Asynchronous work fits in well with a digital economy.
D．Asynchronous work limits the technology and automation.
31．What’s the writing purpose of this passage
A．To persuade people to keep up with times.
B．To introduce a new work mode to people.
C．To report social effects on public choices of work.
D．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of remote work.
阅读理解专练442
（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中三模）Understanding where you fall in the American economic class system isn't as simple as pulling out a calculator or looking at a pay stub（存根）. Numerous forces shape individuals' economic class and their views on where they rank alongside other Americans. When asked how they identify their social class, 72% of Americans said they belonged to the middle or working classes, according to a 2020 survey from Gallup.
One objective way some researchers divide individuals into economic classes is by looking at their income. From that data, they split earners into different classes such as poor, lower-middle class, middle class, upper-middle class and wealthy. The income cutoffs that divide those income ranges can change from year to year and between methodologies, but here's a sense of where they stand, according to recent data. Another factor that individuals may use to determine class is educational attainment, with people who have postsecondary degrees linking their class placement to those degrees. Your location also has a major impact on how you feel you stack up class-wise. "Making $l20,00 per year is a lot different in small-town Indiana than it is in New York City," says Frank Newport, senior scientist at Gallup. Admittedly, larger economic trends may also impact how people view their class rank. In recent years, economic trends such as high rates of inflation, waves of employee resignations, struggling small businesses and other effects of the coronavirus pandemic have impacted how people view their class rank.
Unfortunately, recent class-related data, which is from 2019,don't take into consideration the economic damage caused by the pandemic, and we won't see the impact until 2022 or later. Whether you're considered middle class depends on more than just your income or the balance of your bank account. And where you fall in the American economic class system may not stay consistent throughout your life, or even from year to year, experts say. For example, a law student may earn a modest amount of $20,000 per year, currently placing her in the low-income class, but her educational attainment and future earnings will most likely push her income and class placement to a higher level down the road.
So where do you place in the American economic class system You can look at income, education, marital status, location, family history, gut instinct and a host of other factors to find out where you fall. But the bottom line is this: Finding the answer is more complex than just looking at a number.
32．What can we know from the text
A．The majority of Americans are quite content with their class ranks.
B．All the various factors must work together to decide economic classes.
C．Recent class-related data hasn't been collected because of the pandemic.
D．Determining individuals' economic class is more complicated than thought.
33．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The different classes of American society. B．The different aspects that determine class.
C．The different attitudes of experts to class. D．The different demands made for each class.
34．Why does the author mention the example of a law student in the text
A．To show a law student should be placed in the low-income class.
B．To advocate readers to show sympathy to law students.
C．To provide some advice on how to become a middle class.
D．To prove a person's class rank is unlikely to be always the same.
35．From which is the text probably taken
A．A travel magazine. B．A cultural review. C．A news report. D．A feature story.
阅读理解专练443
（2022·福建莆田·三模）Climate change will significantly alter how sound travels underwater, potentially affecting natural soundscapes (音响范围) as well as increasing human-generated noise, according to a new global study that identified future ocean “sound hotspots.” These changes to ocean soundscapes could impact essential activities of marine life.
“We calculated the effects of temperature, depth and salinity (盐度) based on public data to model the soundscape of the future,” said Alice Affatati, lead author of the new study published today in Earth’s Future. It is the first global-scale estimate of ocean sound speed linked to future climate. In warmer water, sound waves travel faster and last longer before dying away.
Two hotspots, in the Greenland Sea and a patch of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean east of Newfoundland, can expect the most change at 50 and 500 meter depths. The major impact is expected in the Arctic, where we know already there is expansion of the effects of climate change now. Not all the Arctic, but one specific part where all factors play together to give a signal that overcomes the uncertainty of the model itself.
Many marine animals use sound to communicate with each other and navigate their under-water world. Changing the sound speed can impact their ability to feed, fight, find mates, avoid predators and migrate, the authors said. Temperature, pressure with increasing depth and salinity all affect how tast and how far sound travels in water.
Future work will combine the global soundscape with other maps of human impacts in the oceans to accurately determine areas of combined stressors (压力源), or direct needed observational research. With complicated problems like climate change, to combine different approaches is the way to go.
1．What does the new study indicate
A．Human-generated noise will impact climate change.
B．Activities of marine life could impact ocean soundscapes.
C．Natural soundscapes may potentially affect climate change.
D．Climate change may affect the way sounds travel under oceans.
2．The global-scale estimate of ocean sound speed linked to future climate is________.
A．useless B．initial C．simple D．outdated
3．In which aspect does climate change affect marine life
A．Their food variety. B．Their eyesight.
C．Their survival ability. D．Their dashing ability.
4．What is the next aim of the study
A．To try different approaches. B．To combine global soundscapes.
C．To analyse other human impacts. D．To locate the places of stress source.
阅读理解专练444
（2022·福建莆田·三模）People who include a little yoga or tai chi in their day may be more likely to remember where they put their keys. Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and Japan’s University of Tsukuba found that even very light, workouts can increase the connectivity between parts of the brain responsible for memory formation and storage.
In a study of 36 healthy young adults, the researchers discovered that a single 10-minute period of mild exercise can yield considerable cognitive benefits. Using special tools, the team examined subjects’ brains shortly after exercise sessions and saw better connectivity between the hippocampus (海马体) and cortical areas linked to detailed memory processing.
“The hippocampus is critical for the creation of new memories, it’s one of the first regions of the brain to become worse as we get older-and much more severely in Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆) disease,” said project co-leader Michael Yassa. “Improving the function of the hippocampus holds much promise for improving memory in everyday settings.”
A little bit of physical activity can go a long way, Yassa, director of UCI’s Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, stressed, “It’s encouraging to see more people keeping track of their exercise habits—by monitoring the number of steps they're taking, for example,” he said. “Even short walking breaks throughout the day may have considerable effects on improving memory and cognition.”
Yassa and his colleagues at UCI and at the University of Tsukuba are extending this method of research by testing older adults who are at greater risk of age-related mental damage and by conducting long-term interventions (干预) to see if regular, brief, light exercise done daily for several weeks or months can have a positive impact on the brain’s structure and function in these subjects.
5．What is the research centred on
A．People’s ways of working out.
B．The benefits of exercising to the body.
C．The types of exercise benefiting memory.
D．The relation between exercise and memory.
6．For what is the hippocampus important
A．Creating new memories. B．Adjusting body balance.
C．Feeling weather changes. D．Recalling what someone did.
7．What does the underlined world “yield” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Expect. B．Produce. C．Control. D．Share.
8．What would be a best title for the text
A．Alzheimer destroys a person’s brain.
B．Yoga may contribute to your memory
C．Even little workout improves memory function
D．Long-term interventions make for mental damage
阅读理解专练445
（2022·浙江绍兴·二模）An island spider decides which of its three kinds of webs to make depending on the location. Spiders usually make only one kind of web, but the Wendilgarda galapagensis species-found only on Cocos Island, off the western coast of Central America—can make three different webs.
High above ground it makes “aerial” webs attached to nearby stems and leaves. Nearer to the ground it makes “land” webs with long horizontal strands (缕) secured to branches and with vertical strands fixed to the ground. Finally, over pools it makes “water” webs that are a bit like the land webs, but with the vertical strands attached to the water surface itself.
Darko Cotoras at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco wondered whether this flexibility indicates that the spider is undergoing speciation (物种形成), branching into three species, each with unique behaviours and exploiting a different food source. So with his colleagues he ran genetic analyses on 142 of the spiders.
To their surprise, the results suggested they all belonged to the same species. This means they haven’t genetically diversified since they arrived at the volcanic island up to 2 million years ago.
The researchers then marked the 2-millimetre-long spiders and moved them to different locations on the island to track their behaviour. For example, they took water-web-making spiders away from water sources and placed them in high bushes nearby. Again, the researchers were surprised to see that the spiders often built a new web with the architecture suited to the new location.
“They show an unusually wide variety in habitat choice, web design, and construction behavior.” Cotoras says, “This flexibility probably helps these animals live on such a small, remote island.”
9．What can we learn from the text
A．Cocos Island spiders can only live on remote islands.
B．Cocos Island spiders came into being two million years ago.
C．Cocos Island spiders have branched into three different species.
D．Cocos Island spiders make diverse webs according to the environment.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．A Master of Different Webs
B．A Secret to webs Designing
C．The Mystery of Genetic Speciation
D．The Survival Skills of Cocos Island spiders
11．Where is the text most probably from
A．A biology textbook. B．A survival guidebook.
C．An academic paper. D．A science magazine.
阅读理解专练446
（2022·浙江绍兴·二模）We all have them in our lives—Ms. Late and Mr. Early. They live among us just to try our patience. They can’t seem to get out of their own way and arrive on time. It’s a problem, and they know it, but that’s how they roll.
I’ve ever been in the room with my bestie Tinkerbell and said, “It’s time to go.” She agreed. Then, she turned around and ordered a T-shirt she had seen online, checked her email, folded her laundry and searched for her purse while I was waiting by the door.
But as exasperating as it is to have Ms. Late in your life, it’s equally painful to have Mr. Early.
My husband Hubby is in this category. He will time things to the minute. “The movie is at four. We have five stops to make before that, so estimating 15 to 20 minutes per stop, not counting traffic or unforeseen circumstances like a flat tire, we should leave after breakfast.”
Being too early or too late is a suffering, but it never seems to bother the person himself. It only affects the poor ones in their company who just do their best to show up when they’re supposed to.
I’d like to know how early in life this behaviour came into being. How does our internal clock leave one person unconcerned about time passing, and the other constantly aware of it Look at my kids. My son is very laid back, and he didn’t arrive until nine days after his due date. My daughter, a spitfire (烈性子), arrived before her Christmas Day due date, so maybe it’s nature from the very beginning.
The one thing that does happen is that this behaviour has become part of the charm of the person you love. You can’t imagine Mr. Early ever being late or Ms. Late ever showing up early. As long as they show up.
12．Why does the author mention Tinkerbell and Hubby
A．To make comparisons. B．To provide examples.
C．To explain a concept. D．To introduce the topic.
13．What can we infer about the author from this text
A．She hates Mr. Early and Ms. Late.
B．She desires to change Mr. Early and Ms. Late.
C．She shows understanding to Mr. Early and Ms. Late.
D．She speaks highly of Hubby’s ability to time things accurately.
14．What does the underlined word “exasperating” mean
A．Annoying. B．Boring. C．Confusing. D．Worrying.
15．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text
A．To explain the importance of being on time.
B．To teach people how to stick to the schedule.
C．To share her views on Mr. Early and Ms. Late.
D．To discuss the origin of Mr. Early and Ms. Late.
阅读理解专练447
（2022·浙江绍兴·二模）On April 6, 1909, six men claimed their place as the first explorers to reach the North Pole. Their leader was Navy commander Robert E. Peary. He photographed the other men as they held up flags. One of them was Matthew Henson, the only African American explorer of the Arctic at that time. The other four were Inuit hunters.
Many explorers had tried to reach the pole but Peary surpassed (超越) them through clever planning. He had made four expeditions (远征) into the Arctic. Each time, he learned how to plan better for the next trip. He also gave credit to Henson, who had joined him on three other Arctic expeditions. The team needed the skills and knowledge of the Inuit, and Henson was fluent in their language. Also, “He is probably a better dog-driver than any other man except the best Inuit hunters,” Peary said.
The travel was hard. Biting winds blew, and temperatures dropped to minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit. “Freezing of the whole front part of the face is an ordinary occurrence,” Henson said, “The skin keeps peeling off and freezing until the face is like raw beef.” They could lose fingers or toes. In fact, Peary walked with a “slide-like stride” because he had lost nine toes on an earlier trip.
They had only 50 to 55 days to complete the last leg of the journey before spring would melt the ice. On April 2, the team dashed for the North Pole, driving 18 to 20 hours a day. “Forced marches all the time,” Henson recalled, “But it was the only way to make it.” Exhausted, Peary rode a sledge instead of driving one. Henson set such a fast pace that Peary warned him not to work the men and dogs to death. “I know, Commander,” Henson replied. “But we got to make it.”
They did make it. They reached safety in 16 days and secured their place in history.
16．What’s the passage mainly about
A．An ambitious commander. B．A successful expedition.
C．A challenging plan. D．A painful experience.
17．What advantages did Peary have over other explorers
A．He had confidence in taking expeditions.
B．He had similar experience when in the Navy.
C．He had well-arranged plans and skillful teammates.
D．He had good luck to go through the extreme weather.
18．What message does Peary’s story convey
A．Everything comes with a price.
B．He who laughs last laughs best.
C．It’s rewarding to take adventures.
D．Where there is a will there is a way.
阅读理解专练448
（2022·江苏江苏·三模）A remarkable new study on how whales behaved when attacked by humans in the 19th century has implications for the way they react to changes caused by humans in the 2Ist century.
The paper is authored by Whitehead and Rendellt at Dalhousie University and their research addresses an age- -old question: if whales are so smart, why did they hang around to be killed The answer They didn't. Using newly digitised (数字化的) logbooks detailing the hunting of whales in the north Pacific, the authors discovered that within just a few years, the strike rate of the whalers’ harpoons(捕鲸者的鱼叉) fell by 58%. This simple fact leads to an astonishing conclusion: that information about what was happening to them was being collectively shared among the whales, who made vital changes to their behaviour. They learned quickly from their mistakes.
“Sperm whales have a traditional way of reacting to attacks from orca (杀人鲸),” notes Whitehead. Before humans, orca were their only predators (捕食者), against whom sperm whales form defensive circles, their powerful tills held outwards to keep predators at bay, “But such techniques just made it easier for the whalers to kill them,” says Whitehead.
Sperm whales are highly socialised animals, able to communicate over great distances. Information about the new dangers may have been passed on in the same way they share knowledge about feeding grounds. They also possess the largest brain on the planet. It is not hard to imagine that they understood what was happening to them.
The hunters themselves realised the whales’efforts to escape. They saw that the animals appeared to communicate the threat within their attacked groups. Abandoning their usual defensive formations, the whales swam upwind to escape the hunters, ships, themselves wind-powered.
Now, just as whales are beginning to recover from the industrial destruction by 20th-century whaling fleets, whose steamships and grenade harpoons no whale could escape from, they face new threats created by our technology. “They’re having to learn not to get hit by ships, cope with the depredations (劫掠) of long line fishing, the changing source of their food due to climate change,”Whitehead says. “The same sort of urgent social learning the animals experienced in the whale wars of two centuries ago is reflected in the way they negotiate today's uncertain world.”
19．What is the new study mainly about
A．Whales’ social lives. B．Whales’emotional intelligence.
C．Whale’reaction to climate changes. D．Whales’ behavior under human attack.
20．What caused whales to make changes to escape the hunters’ship
A．The wind in their favor. B．Their powerful physical strength.
C．The shared ship attack information. D．Their usual defensive formations.
21．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 5
A．State possible reasons. B．Add background information.
C．Summarize the previous paragraphs. D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
22．What's Whitehead’s attitude towards whales’ future survival
A．Pessimistic. B．Unclear. C．Cautious. D．Optimistic.
阅读理解专练449
（2022·江苏江苏·三模）Winemaker Justin Jarrett remembers when the grape harvest used to start. He and his wife Pip, used to take their kids on an annual beach holiday in February. When they returned to their vineyards (葡萄园) in the regional New South Wales city of Orange, Australia, in early autumn, they’d start the harvest. Today, harvest starts six weeks earlier in January.
“What we did 20 years ago can’t work today, ”Jarrett says. “You have to adjust. ”
Scientists used to have big debates about how to talk to farmers about climate change, says Snow Barlow, a professor specialising in viticulture at the University of Melboume. But recently there’s been a sea change. “Farmers are now saying. This is serious and we want to get on with doing things, ” he says.
“Wine is a classical industry that has been very influenced by climate, ” Barlow says. “You grow grapes in particular areas because you think it’s the ideal place to grow a particular grape to create the perfect wine. ”
Rising temperatures are not just affecting harvest times, but also the types of grapes that grow well in particular areas. Major labels, such as Brown Brothers, have moved some of their operations to the southern state of Tasmania where there are cooler sites for varieties such as chardonnay and pinot noir. Others are changing their varietal mix, introducing grapes from southern Italy, Sicily and Greece that are more heat- tolerant.
The Jarretts have spent years adapting their winemaking business for a warmer world. They’ve invested in infrastructure, help them manage the compressed (缩短的) harvest time, and introduced more sustainable soil and pest (害虫) management practices.
Jarrett is growing their grape varieties at higher elevations (海拔高度) than he used to. Sauvignon blanc, for instance, which he used to grow at 700m, has been moved up to 900m. He thinks he can keep moving his operations up to about 1100m before he has to buy more land.
“We have to have a 20-year plan. If we’re going to move a variety or change something, we have to have at least 20 years of success to make it worthwhile,” Jarrett says. “We are really looking at varieties that are now considered hot climate. ”
23．What do the Jarretts have to adjust to
A．Their holiday plan. B．Their neighborhood.
C．The identity as winemakers. D．The earlier grape harvest.
24．What can we learn from Snow Barlow’s words
A．Scientists were divided over climate change. B．Warm climate has caused a change in the sea.
C．Wine industry is particular about grape suppliers. D．Farmers are aware of the gravity of climate change.
25．How are the Jaretts coping with the impact on their winemaking
A．By putting off the harvest time. B．By introducing heat- tolerant grapes.
C．By planting grapes at higher elevations. D．By moving their operations to a new land.
26．What is Jarett’s opinion of the alternative approaches to the challenge
A．Great minds think alike. B．It is rewarding to try new things.
C．It is better to play safe than take risks. D．One man’s meat is another man’s poison.
阅读理解专练450
（2022·湖南·长郡中学一模）A long time ago in a galaxy far far away, there was a large and magnificently brilliant star that shone across the young expanding universe. The light from that blue star travelled through space for billions of years, and then one day a few thin beams crashed into a polished mirror-the light bucket of the Hubble Space Telescope.
In a report published Wednesday in the journal Nature, a team of astronomers asserts that this is the most distant individual star ever seen. They describe it as 50 to 100 times more massive than our sun, and roughly 1 million times brighter, with its starlight having travelled 12.9 billion years to reach the telescope.
The lead author on the report, Brian Welch, gave the star a name: Earendel, meaning “morning stars”. “Earendel was found in a young galaxy known as the Sunrise Arc, and ‘morning stars’ seemed appropriate,” Welch said.
“This is one of the major discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope in its 32 years of observation, ” said Rogier Windhorst, a co-author of the report. In recent decades, astronomers have seen galaxies at that distance, and even farther away, but galaxies are collections of billions of stars and the very distant ones have typically been nothing more than smudges of light.
Despite its mass and brilliance, Earendel’s discovery would not have been possible were it not for the cosmic alignment. Between Hubble and the star lies a galaxy cluster, WHL0137-08，which is so huge that its mass wraps the fabric of space, creating a power of natural magnifying (放大) glass that magnifies the light form objects behind it, a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing (引力透镜效应). Earendel sits on or close to that space ripple, causing it to “pop out” from the general glow of its galaxy because the phenomenon magnified its brightness at least a thousand fold.
In interviews this week, several scientists who are not part of the Earendel team praised the discovery, noting that further observations could firm up the claim and potentially provide insights into the early evolution of stars.
27．How does the first paragraph develop
A．By listing several figures. B．By making comparisons.
C．By describing the process. D．By analyzing cause and effect.
28．What can we learn from the passage
A．The star Earendel is quite different from the Sun.
B．Brian Welch made the discovery of the Earendel alone.
C．Both Earendel and the galaxy Sunrise Arc are very old.
D．Astronomers have never discovered galaxies that far.
29．According to Paragraph 5, why the star could be discovered
A．Because the star is incredibly huge in its mass.
B．Because the star shines brightly enough to be detected.
C．Because the brightness of the star is enhanced enormously.
D．Because the Hubble space telescope is properly placed in space.
30．What is the attitude of other scientists toward the discovery
A．Critical. B．Indifferent.
C．Doubtful. D．Appreciative.
阅读理解专练451
（2022·安徽省芜湖市教育局模拟预测）From various competition gears (用具) that accompanied athletes from Team China winning medals to the huge traffic and exposure brought by Chinese 18-year-old skier star Gu Ailing who wore Anta items in her room on social media, Chinese domestic sports brands have emerged (显露) on one of the world’s largest sporting stages, and Anta has turned out to be the clear winner.
Anta has been the sportswear partner of the Chinese Olympic Committee since 2009. As the official sportswear provider of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, Anta used its smart technology to equip 12 event teams of Team China in events including short track speed skating, skeleton and curling. Some of Anta’s Olympic licensed products have also become targets of Chinese social media users to snap up, especially the hats and shoulder bags in the shape of Bing Dwen Dwen, with the strong recommendation from foreign athletes, which sold out quickly on Anta’s online flagship store.
The Chinese sports equipment maker also owns brands such as Fila, Salomon and Descente. According to a ranking by sports new media sportsmoney, Fila and Descente held the first two positions in terms of the number of individual or team medal winners wearing the brand’s clothes when competing and receiving the awards as of February 18.
Phenix, a long established technical Alpine skiwear brand that has been acquired by China Dongxiang Group, enjoyed an outstanding performance as the sponsor of Team Norway uniforms, which won its 16th gold medal of the Beijing Games on Sunday, a record for a single country at a Winter Olympics.
The Winter Olympic Games has promoted many home-grown brands like Anta, Li Ning and Peak to global star brands and they emerge more strongly in competing with foreign sports competitors, industry analysts told the Global Times. With advanced technology and a promising future after the Beijing Winter Olympics, domestic sports brands are set to see huge growth opportunities on global markets with stronger brand awareness, they said.
1．What can we learn about Anta from the passage
A．Chinese athletes are all fans of the brand.
B．Some of its licensed products have been a hit online.
C．It owns brands such as Fila, Phenix, and Descente.
D．It has sponsored the Chinese Olympic Committee for a decade.
2．Which of the following statements will the industry analysts probably agree with
A．The foreign sportswear competitors remains competitive.
B．The homegrown brands need to grow stronger brand awareness.
C．Anta, LiNing and Peak are long established global star brands.
D．There will be a great potential for national sports brands to realize.
3．What is the main idea of the text
A．National sportswear brand Anta has turned out to be the winner.
B．Domestic sports brands gain great popularity home and abroad.
C．Winter Olympics pored to have promoted domestic sports bands.
D．Winter Olympics witnessed fierce competition between different brands.
4．In which pant of the newspaper can we probably find the passage
A．Culture B．Entertainment C．Science D．Business
阅读理解专练452
（2019·四川宜宾·模拟预测）SpaceX, a private company, has put 60 Starlink communication satellites into orbit, bringing the total circling Earth to 180. They will bring internet access to underserved areas of the world. But it seems they also mess with telescopes.
When the satellites pass through a telescope’s field of view, they create bright streaks(条痕) that cut through images of the sky, hiding anything that might be behind them and pouring so much light into the telescope that it causes some observations unusable.
“What surprised everyone - the astronomy community and SpaceX - was how bright the satellites are”, said anxiously space experts. Actually SpaceX did talk about the issue elsewhere. The problem for astronomers doesn’t end with SpaceX. Blue Origin, One Web and Amazon plan to launch thousands of communications satellites in the coming years.
In an effort to ease astronomers’ fears, SpaceX is testing one satellite that is a bit different from the others. It was included in the most recent launch and is partially coated in a dark material to make it less shiny and so less visible in telescope images. We don’t have any data yet on whether the coating is working as intended.
Once the satellites are in space, there is no backtracking. While companies like SpaceX do need approval from regulatory bodies(监察机构) for each launch, there is no rule that prevents them from launching an unlimited number of satellites.
“We have to rely on firms such as SpaceX voluntarily cooperating with astronomers to attempt to keep the impacts of their satellite constellations (卫星星座) as low as possible.” said space experts.
With more than 1,500 Starlink satellites scheduled for launch in the near future, that cooperation will need to be speedy if it is going to make any difference.
5．Why does SpaceX launch so many communication satellites
A．To expand internet services worldwide.
B．To make users surf the Internet quickly.
C．To disturb the operation of telescopes.
D．To further present space research.
6．What are space experts worried
A．Satellites are too shiny to be seen.
B．Satellites occupy the area of telescopes.
C．Too many satellites move in outer space.
D．The normal use of the telescopes is affected.
7．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The number of satellite launches will decrease.
B．Coated satellites can effectively weaken brightness.
C．The regulations of satellite launching are not powerful.
D．SpaceX’s cooperation with astronomers remains to be seen.
8．What is probably the best title for the passage
A．Troubles Made by Satellites
B．Satellites Threatening Astronomers
C．SpaceX and Its Future Starlink Plan
D．Cooperation with Astronomy Community
阅读理解专练453
（2019·四川宜宾·模拟预测）Drivers slowed down to admire what I was doing. “Good work, love,” one man yelled out. It was the start of the state’s first lockdown and I used my spare time to paint murals (壁画).
I’d chosen sunflowers as my subject. “They’re bright, colorful but best of all, they turn their face to the sun,” I told people. It was a fitting reminder that as much of the world faced uncertainty over this pandemic we mustn’t give up hope, either. And my colorful creations soon started turning heads.
“I want one,” people told me, inviting me to their local laneway. Several business owners also got in touch hoping I could revive their property.
I paid for all the paints myself but soon I started finding bunches of sunflowers with thank you notes from complete strangers on my doorstep. Honestly, making money was never my intention. I just wanted to bring the community together.
Soon, people from across the city were hanging out in my suburb wanting selfies(自拍) with the sunflowers. Before long, I attracted some die-hard fans.
One of my most moving experiences was when I was approached by friends of a woman whose son had recently passed away.“Would you paint her a mural as a surprise ” they asked. For me, there was no question. And when the woman returned to see the transformation outside her home, she was moved to tears. “It’s the most beautiful thing,” she choked.
People from all over my country have since contacted me wanting my work, and while I’d love to add more sunflowers across the country, it’s great to know that I found a way of brightening up my town in the dark times.
9．What is the purpose of what the author has done
A．To catch eyeballs.
B．To promote business.
C．To make selfies popular.
D．To unit the whole community.
10．The most probable reason why people go to the suburb is that _________.
A．they want to go on an outing
B．they love the author’s creativity
C．they want to pick some sunflowers
D．they can escape from the lockdown
11．How did the woman feel seeing the murals outside her home
A．Terrified. B．Touched. C．Excited. D．Annoyed.
12．What can we conclude from the passage
A．Art originates from our daily life.
B．The author is a professional artist.
C．Artistic works light up people’s life.
D．The pandemic has affected people’s life.
阅读理解专练454
（2022·浙江温州·三模）Vertical farming, as the name suggests, is a form of agriculture that is specifically designed to facilitate agricultural production inside vertical structures like buildings.
It is a revolutionary, and arguably more sustainable, method of farming for several reasons. For example, it tends to require much less water than regular farming — by some estimates up to 95% less. It also takes up less space and has little or no impact on local natural soils. Generally speaking, vertical farms can be operated without the use of pesticides that are potentially very damaging to the environment. Because of the controlled conditions provided by vertical farms, all-year-round cultivation of crops is also usually made possible.
Vertical farms tend to consist of one of several models, ranging from stacked wooden shelves on garden patios to warehouses and greenhouses that are able to produce enough food for entire communities, to improved facilities in buildings like skyscrapers. Some consist of specially designed towers with stacked plant cups. For larger, purpose-built vertical farms, hydroponic systems are often employed to help control the indoor climate all year round. Other aspects of vertical farms can also be regulated, including automated control of temperature, light, and humidity. A high level of control is usually vital for the success of the farm, as failure to maintain specific conditions can lead to the loss of entire crops, in a similar fashion to how events such as droughts and floods impact traditional farms.
If you are interested in starting your own vertical farm, you have a few options. For domestic-scale kind of strategies, simple vertical farms can be created using old pallets, or other custom-made solutions. For larger-scale vertical farming options, you can either directly invest in existing vertical farms, or raise enough capital to set up your own. This will, obviously, require large amounts of capital, but the potential for such solutions is predicted to rise dramatically over the coming years.
13．What can we learn about vertical farming
A．It tends to require little water. B．It helps enrich the local natural soil.
C．It can potentially harm the environment. D．It can make year-round crop planting a reality.
14．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．How vertical farming works. B．What vertical farms produce.
C．What vertical farms focus on. D．How vertical farming benefits people.
15．What can be the key to a successful vertical farm
A．Indoor temperature. B．Model choice. C．High level control. D．Enough capital.
16．What’s the writing purpose of the text
A．To set a new standard for farming. B．To introduce a new way of farming.
C．To present a modest reform in farming. D．To raise money for larger vertical farms.
阅读理解专练455
（2022·浙江温州·三模）Plants take carbon dioxide(CO2)out of the atmosphere to do photosynthesis(光合作用), and thus help reduce the greenhouse gases warming the planet. At least, that’s how the story went before researchers from the Carnegie Institution for Scienee(CIS)realized that today’s carbon dioxide levels cause the plants to behave in a way that actually contributes to global warming.
The CIS scientists unveiled new research that shows increased carbon dioxide levels cause plants to keep water that otherwise would have evaporated (蒸发)from their leaves, entered the atmosphere and helped cool the planet. At local levels, this effect can increase the temperature so that it is 25 percent higher than what the greenhouse effect would have done on its own. This increased warming results from plant leaves’ natural reaction to high CO2 environments. Plant leaves have tiny vents that open or close to let the plant breathe. In the presence of a high carbon dioxide concentration, these vents don’t need to open as wide to breathe in the same amount of CO2, and so they close up to prevent additional water from escaping.
Most climate models don’t take into account the cooling effect of this water, so the CIS researchers generated new climate models based on their understanding of this phenomenon. The new model showed that, averaged over the entire globe, the decreased water loss from plants accounts for 16 percent of warming of the land surface, with greenhouse effects accounting for the rest. But in some regions, such as parts of North America and eastern Asia, the effect can account for more than 25 percent of the total warming.
Unfortunately, these results don’t just confirm that the contribution of CO2 to global warming is worse than scientists previously thought, but also greatly add complexity to any attempts to reverse (反转)the warming process.
17．What will happen in high CO2 environments
A．Plants close up their vents. B．Plants stop breathing in CO2.
C．Plants are not likely to react. D．Plants suffer much water loss.
18．What is known about the research
A．It was carried out in certain regions.
B．It took many climate models into consideration.
C．It confirms CO2 doesn’t contribute to global warming.
D．It shows global warming is more complex than expected.
19．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Plants Can Warm the Planet B．Plants Are Greener on the Earth
C．Global Warming Becomes Complex D．New Climate Models Are on the Way
阅读理解专练456
（2022·浙江温州·三模）Sometimes shipwrecks（沉船）contain sunken treasure, loads of gold or jewelry. Other shipwrecks are themselves the treasure—the stories of their ill-fated voyages creating a legend that makes them sparkle far more than any gold or precious stones.
The wreck of HMS Endurance, which has finally been located deep beneath the icy seas of Antarctica after being lost 107 years ago, was arguably the most valuable shipwreck ever sought. That’s because its discovery adds another thrilling new chapter to an already fascinating tale of perseverance and survival that has echoed down the decades and still inspires today.
Incredibly well preserved at a depth of almost two miles, the ship is little changed from the day in November 1914 when it finally sank beneath the ice. Endurance became embedded in ice while crossing Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. The video shot by underwater search vehicles shows painted timbers, an undamaged guardrail（护栏）and the name “Endurance” written above the five-pointed symbol of a polar star.
“I tell you, you would have to be made of stone not to feel a bit soft at the sight of that star and the name above,” Mensun Bound, the mission’s marine archaeologist, told the BBC．“You can see a porthole（舷窗）that is in Shackleton’s cabin. At that moment, you really do feel the breath of the great man upon the back of your neck.” Shackleton’s leadership was crucial to getting his men out alive. The reason why Shackleton is still applauded as a great man becomes obvious when you consider what he achieved in the face of disasters and hardships during his 1914-16 expedition. The practicality and humanity he showed in the face of severe situations was arguably praised.
20．What makes Endurance the most valuable shipwreck
A．The treasure aboard. B．Its inspiring stories.
C．Its undamaged guardrail. D．The symbol of a polar star.
21．What can we infer from Mensun Bound’s words
A．The floating ice is as hard as stones.
B．The well-preserved shipwreck is amazing.
C．The heroic deeds of Shackleton are touching.
D．The discovery of Endurance is challenging.
22．What is the text type of the passage
A．A book review. B．A news report.
C．A biography. D．A travel journal.
阅读理解专练457
（2022·浙江·模拟预测）Optimism is a psychological quality characterized as the general expectation that good things will happen, or the belief that the future will be favorable because one can control important outcomes. “Most research on exceptional longevity investigated biomedical factors associated with survival, but recent work suggests non-biological factors are also important,” said lead author Dr. Lewina Lee, a clinical research psychologist at Boston University School of Medicine. “Thus, we tested whether higher optimism was associated with longer life span and greater likelihood of exceptional longevity.”
In the study, Dr. Lee and co-authors analyzed data from 69,744 women and 1,429 men. The women’s age range was 58-86 years when they completed an optimism assessment in 2004, and their mortality (死亡率) status was tracked through 2014. The men’s age range was 41-90 years when they completed an optimism assessment in 1986, and their mortality status was tracked through 2016.
When individuals were compared based on their initial levels of optimism, the researchers found that the most optimistic men and women demonstrated, on average, an 11% to 15% longer lifespan, and had 50-70% greater chances of reaching 85 years old compared to the least optimistic groups. The results were maintained after accounting for age, educational attainment, chronic diseases, depression and also health behaviors, such as alcohol use, exercise, diet and primary care visits.
It is unclear how exactly optimism helps people attain longer life. Researchers suggest that more optimistic people may be able to control emotions and behavior as well as bounce back from stressors and difficulties more effectively. They also consider that more optimistic people tend to have healthier habits, such as being more likely to engage in more exercise and less likely to smoke, which could extend lifespan.
Research on the reason why optimism matters so much remains to be done, but the link between optimism and health is becoming more evident. “We hope that our findings will inspire further research on involvement to enhance positive health assets that may improve the public’s health with aging,” Dr. Lee said.
23．Different from most research on longevity, Dr. Lee’s research focuses on people’s ________.
A．health behaviors B．medical care
C．academic background D．mental condition
24．What does the underlined phrase “bounce back from” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Put up with. B．Get along with.
C．Recover from. D．Benefit from.
25．What can we learn about the study led by Dr. Lee
A．It exposes the secrets of happiness in old age.
B．It offers the aged beneficial advice for better health.
C．It further clarifies the influence of optimism on health.
D．It clearly explains why optimistic people enjoy longer life.
阅读理解专练458
（2022·浙江·模拟预测）Joel Ramsey remembers the moment when he’d been in prison for the fourth time. “I made a decision that this was the last time,” he said. For the next 12 years, he kept his goal in sight. But when he was finally set free, his chances of success weren’t good. A 2018 study by the University of Michigan showed one in four formerly imprisoned individuals couldn’t find work and that nearly half reoffended.
In New York City, Hector Guadalupe aims to help people like Ramsey. His non-profit, A Second U Foundation, helps those formerly jailed get certified (合格的) as personal trainers in the fitness industry. It’s a path that Guadalupe traveled himself in his teenage, he ended up spending 10 years in prison for drug dealing. There he became crazy with fitness and got certified as a personal trainer. When he came home, he was determined to work at a gym.
“I filled out every application,” Guadalupe said, “but nobody called me back because of my past. I didn’t give up, though.” After nine months, he landed an opportunity and worked without a day off for four years to establish himself in New York’s fitness scene. Now, he devotes much of his week to helping others do the same.
He and his team of volunteers offer a free eight-week program for 10-15 students to prepare for the national certification exam. It was a perfect fit for Ramsey since fitness got him through his time in prison. “The program was intense,” Ramsey said. “It was like studying to be a doctor.”
Once students have passed the exam, Guadalupe helps them get jobs. After Ramsey graduated in 2017, he got a job at one of the city’s top gyms. Now, he has his own fitness company and volunteers with the program. “I owe a lot to Guadalupe. He just gave me the foundation to where I could become successful.” Seeing people like Ramsey succeed keeps Guadalupe motivated. “That’s the glory,” he said. “That’s why second chances are important.”
26．What problem did Ramsey meet with after his release from prison
A．He couldn’t adapt to the life outside. B．He failed to set a goal for his new life.
C．He had a slim chance of employment. D．He was caught breaking the law again.
27．What can we learn about Hector Guadalupe
A．He made sure everyone in his program got a job.
B．He had traveled a lot before being put into prison.
C．He lost heart after being turned down by many gyms.
D．He helped former prisoners start a new chapter of life.
28．Ramsey thinks the program is ________.
A．tough but rewarding B．primitive but effective
阅读理解专练459
（2022·河北邯郸·二模）Su Yiming, who made history for China by winning the snowboard men’s slope style silver and the snowboard men’s big air gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, celebrated his 18th birthday on Friday. Su said his birthday wish came true when he won the big air gold. “I had been hoping to win a Winter Olympic gold before turning 18 for years as the most precious gift for my birthday,” he added.
Su was spotted hugging his coach and crying hard after winning the big air gold. “I said ‘I did it’ back then. It has always been a big dream of me and my coach Sato to win the gold at the 2022 Winter Olympics,” Su said. “We have been thinking about it every day for the past four years. Only we know how much we have done and sacrificed for the title, and how many difficulties we had to overcome in order to refine my tricks. That’s why when I finally won the gold he’s the first one I want to share my joy with. I was so excited. We both did it.”
Su began snowboarding when he was four years old. His first snowboard came from his father and Su almost fell in love with the sport immediately.
“I only have one word to describe my feelings for snowboarding. It’s love, deep from my heart,” Su said. “It’s my happiest moment when I stand on the snowboard. No matter how long I train, even for seven or eight hours in a row, it’s a joy to me. The only difference between a professional and an amateur is that I must invest more time and efforts in doing what I love. Love is what has been supporting me all the time.”
“I want to tell teenage snowboarders the most important thing is to chase your love,” Su added. “But you must do it step by step when you try new tricks and make progress when you are completely safe. That’s how you enjoy the fun of snowboarding.”
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Su’s gratitude for his coach.
B．Su’s dream for his birthday.
C．Su’s pride in making history.
D．Su’s excitement after winning.
2．According to Su, which of the following matters most in his success
A．Time. B．Effort. C．Talent. D．Passion.
3．What is Su’s advice for teenager snowboarders
A．Dare to dream.
B．Act slowly but surely.
C．Push yourself to the limit.
D．Be aware of your own potential.
4．Where is this text most likely from
A．A diary. B．A novel. C．A newspaper. D．A guidebook.
阅读理解专练460
（2022·江苏·新沂市第一中学模拟预测）China welcomed three heroic astronauts home on April 16. The re-entry module (返回舱) carrying Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu touched down safely at the designated Dongfeng Landing Site in Inner Mongolia autonomous region. This ended the Shenzhou XIII astronauts’ six-month space mission.
This return marks a major breakthrough for China’s efforts in space. Let’s look at some of the technical details of the mission.
Speed record
The mission set a new speed record. The Shenzhou XII return capsule revolved around the Earth 11 times over 24 hours, before returning on Sept 17, 2021. This time Shenzhou XIII shortened the time to about 9 hours, orbiting the Earth five times.
The Shenzhou XIII mission was simplified to only five orbits and was designed to return more efficiently, according to the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST).
This approach required more precise control of the spacecraft and more accurate orbital calculations. This meant that when the spacecraft separated, it could quickly target the landing area, calculate the return path, and adjust its altitude, Wang Ya’nan, editor-in-chief of Beijing-based Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told the Global Times.
“Having the ability to adopt such a fast return method indicates that China’s return technology for manned missions is very mature and reliable,” Wang added.
Temperature control
Another challenge for astronauts returning to Earth is traveling through the atmosphere. After the re-entry capsule enters the atmosphere, there is fierce friction with the air. The surface temperature of the capsule can reach thousands of degrees.
To solve this problem, the researchers designed a heat-resistant coating on the surface of the Shenzhou XIII return capsule. They also laid a layer of ablative material (烧蚀材料) that sublimated (升华) and fell off when the temperature reached a certain level, taking a lot of heat with it, according to People’s Daily Online.
Landing
Landing upright is the ideal way to land, ensuring astronauts have the softest landing, Pang Zhihao, a spaceflight researcher in Beijing, told Science and Technology Daily.
5．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic of the passage.
B．To introduce Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.
C．To inform readers of the astronauts’ six-month space mission.
D．To tell readers about the successful landing of the Shenzhou XIII.
6．How long did Shenzhou XIII revolving around the earth once spend？
A．About 2.2 hours. B．About 3 hours.
C．About 1.8 hours. D．About half an hour.
7．What are the requirements of simplifying the Shenzhou XIII mission
①to return more efficiently
②to control the spacecraft more precisely
③to calculate orbit more accurately
④to target the landing area quickly
⑤to adjust its altitude
A．①②③④ B．①②③⑤ C．①③④⑤ D．②③④⑤
8．How did the ablative material take the heat
A．By designing a heat-resistant coating on the surface of the Shenzhou XIII.
B．By making the surface temperature reach thousands of degrees.
C．By sublimating and falling off when the temperature reached a level.
D．By putting a layer of material on the surface on the spacecraft.
专题23.答案
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28．A
29．D
30．C
31．B
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32．D
33．B
34．D
35．C
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1．D
2．B
3．C
4．D
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5．D
6．A
7．B
8．C
阅读理解专练445
9．D
10．A
11．D
阅读理解专练446
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．C
阅读理解专练447
16．B
17．C
18．D
阅读理解专练448
19．D
20．C
21．A
22．D
阅读理解专练449
23．D
24．D
25．C
26．C
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27．C
28．A
29．C
30．D
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1．B
2．D
3．C
4．D
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5．A
6．D
7．D
8．A
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9．D
10．B
11．B
12．C
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13．D
14．A
15．C
16．B
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17．A
18．D
19．A
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20．B
21．C
22．B
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23．D
24．C
25．C
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26．C
27．D
28．A
阅读理解专练459
【答案】1．A
2．D
3．B
4．C
阅读理解专练460
【答案】5．A
6．C
7．D
8．C
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