专题22 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案）
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| 名称 | 专题22 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-12-12 17:21:15 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题22.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练421
（2022·浙江·模拟预测）One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect. He lay on his armor-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.
“What’s happened to me ” he thought. It wasn’t a dream. His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls. A collection of textile samples lay spread out on the table—Samsa was a travelling salesman—and above it there hung a picture that he had recently cut out of an illustrated magazine and housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a lady fitted out with a fur hat and fur scarf who sat upright, raising a heavy fur muff (暖手筒) that covered the whole of her lower arm towards the viewer.
Gregor then turned to look out the window at the dull weather. Drops of rain could be heard hitting the window, which made him feel quite sad. “How about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense,” he thought, but that was something he was unable to do because he was used to sleeping on his right, and in his present state couldn’t get into that position. However hard he threw himself onto his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes so that he wouldn’t have to look at the floundering legs, and only stopped when he began to feel a mild, dull pain there that he had never felt before.
He thought, “What a heavy career it is that I’ve chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there’s the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them.” He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn’t know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble.
He slid back into his former position. “Getting up early all the time,” he thought, “it makes you stupid. You’ve got to get enough sleep. Other travelling salesmen live a life of luxury. For instance, whenever I go back to the guest house during the morning to copy out the contract, these gentlemen are always still sitting there eating their breakfasts. I ought to just try that with my boss; I’d get kicked out on the spot. But who knows, maybe that would be the best thing for me. If I didn’t have my parents to think about I’d have given in my notice a long time ago, I’d have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He’d fall right off his desk! And it’s a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your inferiors from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change.
“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”
44．According to the passage, Gregor initially believes his transformation is a ________.
A．curse
B．disease
C．nightmare
D．fraud
45．The author most likely includes a description of Gregor’s itch in paragraph 4 to ________.
A．remind the reader that Gregor has already turned into an insect
B．stress the disconnection between Gregor’s thoughts and his actual situation
C．present important details about what Gregor’s new body looks like
D．show that Gregor’s thoughts are focused on the changes to his body
46．The passage most strongly suggests which of the following about Gregor’s attitude toward his profession
A．He is angry.
B．He is eager to please.
C．He is depressed.
D．He is diligent.
47．The main rhetorical (修辞的) effect of the final sentence of the excerpt （“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”） is to ________.
A．provide a solution to the conflict Gregor faces
B．foretell the conflict between Gregor and his boss
C．illustrate Gregor’s flexibility and ability to move on
D．emphasize Gregor’s extreme sense of duty
阅读理解专练422
（2022·江苏·金陵中学模拟预测）Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau (梭罗) at Walden Pond (瓦尔登湖).
Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature.
I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens eyeglasses. Occasionally I’d pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue.
But something bothered me. In what I’d intended as a nature experience, here I was using very high technology to help myself out. This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk,” which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.
What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that My first thought was that he’d be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal:
Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily … till I almost lost him in the clouds … I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.
Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his “botany-box.” And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was “the best dressed.” Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself.
Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.
5．What is the purpose of the text
A．To recommend Thoreau’s book Walden Pond.
B．To argue that humans have developed into cyborgs.
C．To share the reflections on man’s reliance on nature.
D．To question whether people are technology-dependent.
6．Which picture best illustrates a cyborg in the author’s eye
A． B．
C． D．
7．Why does the author quote Thoreau’s journal
A．To introduce a literary work on nature.
B．To explain how to prepare for a nature walk.
C．To prove that even naturalists use technology.
D．To describe the natural beauty Thoreau enjoyed.
8．What is the author’s attitude towards being a cyborg
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
阅读理解专练423
（2022·广东汕头·二模）The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms, which reflect the Chinese people’s understanding of time. Here several special solar terms are listed.
Rain Water
Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again. Extra care is needed to cope with a returning cold spell in this period. The wet and damp weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen （脾） and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. Therefore, a bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.
Awakening of Insects
As the third solar term in the lunar year, its name implies that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life. It is the key time for spring agricultural activities. Modern meteorological science shows that around this period, the earth becomes wet, the hot humid air from the north is strong and creates frequent winds. For this reason, thunder often occurs.
Spring Equinox
Spring Equinox signals the equal length of the day and night time. On the day of the Spring Equinox, the sun is directly above the equator. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards, resulting in gradually longer day time in the Northern Hemisphere. Standing an egg upright is a popular game during this period. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future.
Grain Rain
Grain Rain originates from the old saying, “Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains", which shows that this period of rainfall is extremely important for the growth of crops and people are busy working on the land. Grain Rain falls between the end of' spring and the beginning of summer, with infrequent cold air moving to the south and lingering cold air in the north. With dry soil, an unsteady atmosphere and heavy winds and sandstorms become more frequent.
9．What can we know about Rain Water
A．River water starts to freeze.
B．Taking off the thick coats is advisable.
C．Lively spring-like scenery can be seen.
D．It falls between the end of spring and the start of summer.
10．What do Awakening of Insects and Grain Rain have in common
A．Farming season. B．Animal activities.
C．Air temperature. D．Frequent thundering.
11．In which solar term would people most probably put on masks
A．Rain Water. B．Grain Rain.
C．Spring Equinox. D．Awakening of Insects.
阅读理解专练424
（2022·浙江·模拟预测）The war epic The Battle at Lake Changjin, one of the most expensive films ever made in China, shot to the top of the week-long National Day holiday box office, promoting the domestic market to recover after an unsatisfying box office for more than two months.
Set in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (1950-1953) and headlined by Wu Jing and Jackson Yee, the film tells the story of the Chinese People’s Volunteers soldiers fighting bravely under freezing temperatures in a key campaign at Lake Changjin, or Chosin Reservoir.
With the number of cast and crew reaching an unprecedented scale of more than 12,000, the movie re-creates the serious conflict on the Korean Peninsula amid the extremely cold winter of 1950, when temperatures decreased to the lowest level in 50 years. The movie’s production involved more than 80 visual-effects companies domestically and abroad, with the script revised 37 times.
Breaking over 10 records, including single-day income for a film, the blockbuster has earned around 2 billion yuan ($310 million) since its opening on Sept 30. It accounted for percent of total holiday receipts, which had reached 2.67 billion yuan as of Monday, according to the movie information tracker Beacon.
The film has also gained millions of reviews and clicks on several of the country’s most popular social media platforms, including Sina Weibo and Douyin, with most commenters praising the heart-breaking tale and saying it stirred their national pride, making them want to pay tribute to the CPV heroes who sacrificed their lives. Some netizens said the film reminds them, amid the current China-US tension, to cherish today’s peaceful life.
12．What is the film The Battle at Lake Changjin mainly about
A．The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea
B．The brutal war between Chinese and American armies at the lake.
C．Why the battle broke out.
D．How was the film made.
13．What do paragraphs 3＆4 want to tell readers
A．The film made a lot of money. B．A lot of people are involved in producing the film.
C．The film is a success. D．It’s very difficult to produce the film.
14．What can we learn from the film
A．Love our motherland. B．Treasure the life we live now.
C．Respect those who devote themselves to our country. D．All of the above.
阅读理解专练425
（2022·江苏·南京市第一中学模拟预测）“Cleverness is a gift. Kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy — they’re given after all. Choices can be hard.” — Jeff Bezos, the founder and CEO of Amazon.
I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year. I’d never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn’t work since most startups didn’t, and I wasn’t sure what to expect. MacKenzie told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I’d been a garage inventor. I’d always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.
I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I admired very much. I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it will be an even better idea for someone e who doesn’t already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but eventually, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn’t think I’d regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision not to try at all.
After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I’m proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.
15．What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore
A．The desire to follow his passion. B．The attraction of millions of titles.
C．The strong support of his wife. D．The increasing usage of the Internet.
16．What was the author’s situation before starting Amazon
A．He was a garage inventor. B．He was in search of a good job.
C．He was working at a bookstore. D．He was satisfied with his work.
17．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence
A．He would be very excited if he tried it out.
B．He would be always having a doubt if he didn’t try.
C．The idea of not trying would keep coming to his mind.
D．The decision not to try the bookstore would terrify him.
18．What is the best title for the text
A．Following My Passion B．We Are What We Choose
C．The Starting of Amazon D．Cleverness and Kindness
阅读理解专练426
（2022·广东·二模）By 2050, the United Nations says, we’re going to need 70 percent more food to feed the nine billion people living on Earth. Sara Menker says the problem may be even more urgent than the U.N. suggests. In 2017, she gave a TED talk in which she said a “tipping point,” beyond which global food markets become too overloaded to function effectively, could come in just a few years.
“We discovered that the world will be short 214×1012 calories by 2027,” she said. Or, in more familiar terms: “A single Big Mac has 563 calories. That means the world will be short 380 billion Big Macs in 2027. That is more Big Macs than McDonald’s has ever produced.”
Menker cannot change the world alone. But the firm she started, Gro Intelligence, is providing information that food companies, insurers, lenders and policymakers use to make food production more effective, and perhaps help protect against that tipping point.
Gro tracks 650×1012 data points daily—from sources such as government and local food reports, satellite photos, long-term weather forecasts and greenhouse gas measurements—and creates computer models so that food companies, such as Unilever and Yum! Brands, can know how prices are likely to trend, calculate surpluses (过剩) and shortages, and be more flexible when climate change makes food supplies harder to predict.
A type of artificial intelligence known as machine learning is key to dealing with the data because, as Allison Tepley of Gro’s staff put it, “The best information is often local information, but it’s often in local languages, in different forms and it all needs to be put together.”
Gro has sounded warmings on African swine fever in China (which cut pork production 30 percent in 2018), locust infestation in East Africa in 2020 and global inflation (通货膨胀) in food prices.
19．What is the problem mentioned by Menker
A．Food shortage. B．Overloaded markets.
C．Overpopulation. D．Wrong prediction by the U.N.
20．What does Menker mean by her words in paragraph 2
A．The problem is serious. B．Her discovery is more accurate.
C．Big Macs contain too many calories. D．McDonald’s should increase productivity.
21．What does Gro do to help food companies
A．Get resources. B．Monitor greenhouse gases.
C．Analyse big data. D．Assess surpluses and shortages.
22．What might the underlined words “locust infestation” be in the last paragraph
A．A data-driven drug. B．A language-based approach.
C．A food-related disaster. D．A production-centered policy.
阅读理解专练427
（2022·浙江省长兴中学三模）Tiny homes have been popular as home prices have climbed to new heights and people have looked for creative ways to downsize. We’ve seen many design concepts, including storage units and buses, but Jim Dotzenrod and his daughter Danielle recently came up with a unique one. The pair worked together on the family project to transform a 1973 train caboose into the sleeper car.
The CR Station Train Caboose, as it’s known on Airbnb, which has become somewhat of its own tourist destination in the small town that houses it, is available to rent for $124 a night, and has an excellent rating of 4.86 out of 5 from more than 300 guests on the booking website.
According to Insider, the project began when Jim saw a bunch of train cabooses along the side of the road during a drive out of town. He said he wondered if he could change one of them into a place where people could live or stay. So, he bought the 52,000-pound caboose for $8,000. Getting the caboose to its final home took some creative thinking and some heavy-duty equipment.
Danielle said the work was challenging, especially since she and her dad both have day jobs. But their schedules didn’t stop them from finishing the project. “My dad can do anything he sets his mind to — like, absolutely anything — but my dad is so low maintenance himself,” Danielle told the website. “So when we built this together it was a good combination because he could build whatever and have me pushing him like, ‘Hey, let’s make this as cool as we can.’”
This caboose also has Wi-Fi, air-conditioning, a refrigerator, a shower and more. So, if you’re ever traveling in Iowa and want to experience something special, book a stay at the CR Station Train Caboose!
23．What can we know about the CR Station Train Caboose
A．It can only be booked online. B．It has become a local attraction.
C．It offers a new concept in home decoration. D．It was transported to the town with little effort.
24．The words “low maintenance” in paragraph 4 indicate Jim Dotzenrod is ________.
A．easy and pleasant to deal with B．determined to do what he wants
C．excellent at building houses D．experienced in project design
25．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To introduce a lifestyle. B．To share an experience.
C．To show a travel trend. D．To make an advertisement.
阅读理解专练428
（2022·河南·华中师范大学附属息县高级中学模拟预测）China announced the establishment of the first—ever five national parks during the COP15 biodiversity summit.
Sanjiangyuan National Park
Located on the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau, the Sanjiangyuan area is home to the headwaters of the Yangtze. Yellow and Lancang rivers, which help to raise billions of lives. The glaciers and snow mountains are beautiful and animals such as snow leopards and blue sheep are tough. In Sanjiangyuan National Park, ecological protection and development of animal—farming areas are carried out.
The Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park
The Siberian tiger and the Amur leopard are endangered speciesunder global protection. The Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is important for the survival of these animals and restoring and keeping stable populations. Tigers and leopards can walk around freely in the mountains.
The Giant Panda National Park
The Giant Panda National Park on the borders of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces is home to 1, 339 wild pandas, 70 percent of China's total. As an umbrella species, countless creatures which share the habitat with the pandas also gain a better living environment. Rare animals such as golden snub-nosed monkeys and takins also thrive in the area.
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park
Hainan black—crested gibbons, listed as the world’s most endangered primate (灵长类的) species, are found only in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. To preserve the tropical rainforest ecosystem, the people in the core area moved out to leave an undisturbed environment for ecological restoration.
Wuyishan National Park
UNESCO described Wuyi Mountains as the most outstanding area for biodiversity conservation in southeast China. It is a lotus land of rare wildlife, with many species only found in China. For the past one hundred years, biologists from China and abroad have researched and discovered more than 1, 000 new species in the mountains.
26．In which park can you see glaciers and snow mountains
A．The Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park. B．Sanjiangyuan National Park.
C．The Giant Panda National Park. D．Wuyishan National Park.
27．What animals share the habitat with the pandas
A．Blue sheep B．The Amur leopard.
C．Black—crested gibbons. D．snub—nosed monkeys.
28．How did people protect the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park
A．They moved away from their original living places.
B．They defended the animal—farming areas.
C．They set up areas for animals to walk around freely.
D．They helped scientists research and discover new species.
阅读理解专练429
（2022·湖南师大附中二模） Time to load up some popular games: new research indicates pigs possess the mental capability to play video games. The study, published in Frontiers in Psychology, tested the ability of four pigs (Hamlet, Omelette, Ebony and Ivory) to play a simple joystick game with their noses, moving a cursor (光标) to four targets on the screen. Although the animals didn’t demonstrate the skills to win a round any time, they did show an understanding of some elementary games. Performing well above chance, the pigs appeared to recognize the movement of the cursor was controlled by the joystick. The fact that they did so well despite a lack of flexible fingers is “extraordinary”, according to the researchers.
“It is no small achievement for an animal to grasp the concept that the behaviour they are performing is having an effect elsewhere. That pigs can do this to any degree should give us pause as to what else they are capable of learning and how such learning may impact them,” said Purdue University’s Dr Candace Croney, the study’s lead author.
Researchers also noted that while the pigs could be taught to play the game using food as positive motivation, they also responded well to social interaction. In fact, when the game was made more challenging and the pigs became unwilling to participate in it, “only oral encouragement by the experimenter” would see training continue.
These findings are the latest to highlight the intelligence of pigs. Not only have they been shown to use mirrors to find hidden food, but studies have also demonstrated how pigs can be taught to “come” and “sit” after oral commands.
As with any sentient (有感觉力的) beings, how we interact with pigs and what we do to them impacts and matters to them. We therefore have a moral duty to understand how pigs acquire information, and what they are capable of learning and remembering, because it ultimately offers the potential for how they understand their interactions with us and their environments.
29．What can be learned from Paragraph 1
A．The pigs sometimes won the video games.
B．The pigs operated joysticks with their noses.
C．The pigs competed with each other in the games.
D．The pigs sometimes performed well accidentally.
30．What does the underlined phrase “give us pause” refer to
A．Stop us from advancing. B．Affect us in learning.
C．Make us think seriously. D．Force us to train pigs better.
31．What made researchers believe pigs socially interacted well
A．Their being inspired by human words.
B．Their being driven by food.
C．Their being willing to keep trying.
D．Their being motivated by challenges.
32．Which of the following could be the best title
A．Smart pigs: good players B．Flexible noses: fun games
C．Oral commands: pig learners D．Pig players: learning potential
阅读理解专练430
（2022·湖北鄂州·模拟预测）The great Swiss psychologist Jean used to lecture around the world, explaining how children’s minds develop as they get older. Once an American asked, “But Prof. Jean, how can we get them to do faster ” Today it’s no longer just impatient Americans who assume that faster brain and cognitive(认知的)development is better. Across the globe, both parents and policy makers eagerly push preschools to be more like schools.
A wave of new research shows, however, that this picture is far too simple. In 1998 a landmark series of studies looked at the long term effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on children’s growing up. ACEs include physical or emotional overlook or abuse, being poor, losing parent, violence or mental(精神的)illness in the home. Since the original studies, there have been hundreds of similar ones done across the world. It turns out that ACEs are disastrously common.
A new paper by Dr. Mackey, published in Nature Neuroscience Reviews, also concludes that. ACEs seem to make children’s brains grow up too quickly. Dr. Mackey suggests that frequently repeated bad experiences may have the worst speeding up effect, while more varied and unusual good experiences may be particularly likely to keep the brain open to learning.
Why would stress and disasters make us grow up faster and a rich, varied, nursing environment make us grow up more slowly One influential recent idea takes off from the biological concept of “life history”. An animal’s life history includes how long it lives, how much it invests in its young and how long it takes those young to mature. A “live fast, die young” life history makes more developmental sense when resources are few and life is predictably hard.
In brief, a long, slow life history goes with a big, smart brain. All of this should be able to relieve the parents’ worries about “the American question”. Loving your children and giving them space to learn and explore is more important than designing a particular curriculum(课程).
33．What can we infer from paragraph 1
A．Americans are usually smarter than others.
B．American brain science is better developed.
C．Most people believed children should skip preschools.
D．Most people wish to develop their children’s brains faster.
34．What is Dr. Mackey’ s opinion about speeding up children’s brain
A．It leads to an early death.
B．It may cause painful problems.
C．It is beneficial to academic learning.
D．It originates from unpleasant environment.
35．What does the author finally advise parents to do
A．Push preschools to be more like schools.
B．Put middle-high pressure on their children.
C．Give children care and freedom to learn and explore.
D．Ask teachers to design abundant curricula for children.
36．What may be the best title for the text
A．Live Fast, Die Young
B．Faster Development, Better Future
C．An American Question, the World’s Problem
D．ACEs, Key to Children’s Brains’ Development
阅读理解专练431
（2022·福建宁德·一模）As the world’s population continues to increase, so does the amount of global waste people produce. According to data collected by the World Bank Group, nations are on pace to generate 4 billion tons of waste annually by the year 2100. Many experts are calling the problem of global waste a worldwide health crisis because the waste is ruining the world’s oceans, air and soil and endangering the health of all living things.
For years, government agencies have been telling citizens that living a zero-waste lifestyle is the way to go. Now some grocery stores are helping people do that.
Most grocery stores produce waste when they throw away food and packaging material. In some cases, the food consists of fruit and vegetables that don’t look good any more. In other cases, it’s packaged food that is nearing the “sell-by” date printed on the package. After the sell-by date passes, the food is not considered safe to eat. Thus, many stores throw out unsold packaged food before that date arrives.
To solve this problem, business people are opening smaller zero-waste grocery stores. Instead of selling food in packages, these stores offer it in open containers. Customers bring their own bags or clean containers to the store. There, they fill their bags or containers with everything from nuts and grains to oil and vinegar. They pay for only the amount of each product that they need. Zero-waste stores often sell fruit and vegetables as well. When these goods start to look old, they’re sold at a discount or donated to a charity. Inspired by these smaller zero-waste grocery stores, some large supermarkets are taking similar steps to reduce the amount of waste that they produce.
37．What causes some produce to be thrown away
A．Poor sales performance.
B．Lack of visual attraction.
C．No printed sell-by date.
D．Ruined packaging material.
38．What do we know about the smaller stores
A．Packaged food is available there.
B．Nuts and grains are free of charge there.
C．The fruit there is donated from a charity.
D．Their customers can bring empty glass jars.
39．What are some large supermarkets doing
A．Taking steps to regulate smaller stores.
B．Following the example of smaller stores.
C．Establishing partnerships with smaller stores.
D．Putting several smaller stores out of business.
40．In which publication would this text most likely appear
A．Guide to Outdoor Recreation.
B．Best Craft and Hobby Magazine.
C．Journal of American Literary Research.
D．Weekly Bulletin of Environmental News.
阅读理解专练432
（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）Plastic-free July is a global campaign that challenges people to give up single-use plastic. The idea is the brainchild of Rebecca Prince-Ruiz, an activist living in Western Australia. She realized that, in addition to raising awareness, she wanted to do something to actually reduce plastic waste. She helped round up just 40 people in Perth, who volunteered to give up plastic for the month of July. In the last 6 years, the idea has become so popular that this year, over a million people in 130 countries are on board.
Beth Terry, America’s best-known plastic-free activist, first participated in Plastic Free July in 2014. She has nothing but high praise for this initiative and its founder. Beth’s website includes “100 Steps to a Plastic-Free Life”, “carry your own containers for take-out food and leftovers,” along with reusable cookers and glass drinking straws. Eat ice cream on a cone rather than get it in a plastic-lined cup. Give up chewing gum.
You’re probably already using a reusable cloth bag rather than plastic at the grocery store, and drinking from a stainless steel or aluminum water bottle rather than buy water in a plastic bottle. But PlasticFreeJuly’s A-Z list shows how easy it can be to replace single-use plastic with a reusable version. The list includes replacing plastic doggy bags with folded up newspaper and using cloth diapers (尿布). PlasticFreeJuly’s website also lists some pretty astonishing facts. For example: Scientists predict there will be more tonnes of plastic than tonnes of fish in the world’s waterways and oceans by 2050. Plastic manufacturing consumes 6% of the world’s fossil fuels. In the first 10 years of the 21st century, the world economy produced more plastic than it did during the entire 1900s!
41．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 1
A．The background of Plastic-free July. B．The challenges of recycling plastics.
C．The voluntary work of people in Perth. D．The profession of Rebecca Prince-Ruiz.
42．What can we see on Beth’s website
A．Some childhood stories about Beth.
B．Some regulations to ban using plastic.
C．Some additional ways to live plastic-free.
D．Some pictures of people buying take-out food.
43．What can we infer from the text
A．Plastic-free July has been operating for 40 years.
B．Plastic will have disappeared by the end of 2050.
C．A-Z list shows alternatives for plastic free living.
D．Plastic doggy bags have been replaced by paper bags.
44．What is probably the suitable title for the text
A．Choose to Refuse Single-Use Plastic for Plastic-Free July
B．Plastic-Free July, a Growing Global Movement to Ban Plastic
C．Recycling Alone Could Not Solve the Plastic Pollution Problem
D．Rebecca Prince-Ruiz, America’s Best-known Plastic-free Activist
阅读理解专练433
（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）A dog’s devotion to his home is making national headlines after his owner found him gardening the property weeks after the residence and the surrounding area was burned to the ground by Northern California’s Camp Fire.
Madison, an Anatolian shepherd dog, reunited with 75-year-old Andrea Gaylord on Wednesday—the first day she was permitted to return to her land in the town of Paradise. After the fire, animal rescuer Shayla Sullivan received a request to search for Gaylord’s two dogs, Madison and Miguel. When the fast-moving Camp Fire broke out, Gaylord had just minutes to escape and wasn’t able to find Madison and Miguel. Other rescuers managed to capture Miguel not long afterward, while Madison’s whereabouts remained a mystery. Sullivan had a feeling that he wasn’t too far away. After all, some type of animal was eating the food and water she was regularly leaving out.
“The third day I went there, I felt like I saw a flash of white movement nearby,” Sullivan said. As it turned out, she was right—but it took a familiar person coming home to convince Madison it was safe to show his face. When Gaylord drove up to the property the first day, it took about five or ten minutes for Madison to come running to greet her. Even more amazing was seeing Miguel and Madison reunite with each other. Miguel had been “so upset and so depressed” being without his brother and away from his home.
Anatolian shepherd dogs are from Turkey and have been bred for thousands of years to protect and guard livestock, their property and their owners. They are appreciated for their loyalty, intelligence and independence and Madison is perfect example of a livestock guardian dog. He dealt with a natural disaster bravely and went right back to where he belonged and stayed there until his owners and close friend returned.
1．What made Madison well-known to the public
A．Escaping from the fire quickly and skillfully.
B．Guarding the property for weeks after the fire.
C．Managing to survive weeks without any food.
D．Saving residents in the community from the fire.
2．What does the underlined word “capture” probably mean in Paragraph 2
A．Frighten. B．Encourage. C．Catch. D．Reward.
3．What can be inferred about Miguel
A．Miguel failed to recognize Gaylord after the fire.
B．Miguel had a deep emotional bond with Madison.
C．Miguel hid himself until Shayla Sullivan appeared.
D．Miguel suffered psychological damage from the fire.
4．According to the text, Anatolian shepherd dogs ________.
A．have been used as livestock guardians
B．are expert at dealing with natural disasters
C．became family pets one thousand years ago
D．behave differently in face of different persons
阅读理解专练434
（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）The United Kingdom is well known for its nightlife, but these cities offer the best time if you are up for a little partying.
Swansea
The best thing about this city is that most of the highly-recommended bars are located on the coast. The bar-area in Swansea stretches for more than one mile. Amazing fact, and trust us, you can find a bar that suits you right here. If you are not ready to leave the urban area, that’s all right but trust us, you don’t want to miss the famed Mumbles Mile.
Manchester
The city is filled with youth, and you can follow any stream of the youngsters in the city to one of the best bars to spend the night. Manchester has a massive music history and as such, it is the ideal place to seek the best parties that last till morning in this capital of the industry. Do not miss their famous pubs, the most famous of which are The Waldorf and Sinclair’s Oyster Bar.
Stoke
This brilliant place has long been known as a football fortress. The best spots are located at the famed town center called Newcastle-under-Lyme. If you are more of a bar and club type of person, then head straight to Thirsty Giraffe and Revolution, or simply spend the night in The Sugarmill.
Sheffield
This city is the home of two football clubs, Wednesday and United, but we’re not talking about them. But, trust us when we tell you their fans know how to party. It is not so hard to do it in Sheffield as the city is filled with clubs, pubs, bars, and restaurants. Regardless of your age, this city has plenty to offer in every department for everyone’s pocket.
5．What do we know about Swansea
A．All the bars lie on the coast. B．All-night parties can be held.
C．It offers the best bar services. D．Mumbles Mile lies in the city.
6．Which place will you go to if you are a music lover
A．Swansea. B．Manchester. C．Stoke. D．Sheffield.
7．What do Stoke and Sheffield have in common
A．They are coast cities. B．They are filled with youth.
C．They are known for football. D．They offer fancy restaurants.
阅读理解专练435
（2022·浙江省长兴中学模拟预测）Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.
Becoming China’s best architectural historians was no easy accomplishment. The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them. Exploring China’s remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule (骡子) or on foot. Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk or violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.
Their greatest discovery was the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A．D．, making it the oldest building known in China at the time.
Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most forbidding, forgotten areas to determine its age, including one hideaway inhibited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. “In complete darkness and among the awful smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours. When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.” Liand wrote of the experience in an account included in “Liang and Lin; Partners in Exploring China’s Architectual Past.”
8．On their way to the ancient buildings, what kind of difficulties and risks do Liang and Lin face
A．Poor accommodations and personal security.
B．Poor accommodations and smelly areas.
C．Broken vehicles and violence from robbers.
D．Broken vehicles and muddy roads.
9．Liang and Lin raised public awareness of ______.
A．documenting smashed historical buildings
B．rebuilding historically valuable buildings
C．saving the oldest temples in China
D．protecting historical buildings.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．Creativeness results in discovery
B．Difficulty produces achievement
C．Efforts contribute to happiness
D．Responsibilities contribute to development
阅读理解专练436
（2022·北京丰台·二模）People’s distrust in science has led many scientists to take up arms (or at least keyboards) to defend their enterprise. But in their efforts to fight back against science denial, some scientists say things that just aren’t true-and you can’t build trust if the things you are saying are not trustworthy.
One popular move is to insist that science is right-full stop-and that once we discover the truth about the world, we are done. Or, as famous physicist Steven Smith said, “Even though a scientific theory is in a sense a social consensus (共识), it is unlike any other sort of consensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” Well, no. Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered.
Another popular move is to say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific method.” But we can never actually agree on what that method is. Some will say it is the observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the experimental method. Recently a prominent scientist claimed the scientific method was to avoid fooling oneself into thinking something is true that is not.
Each of these views has its merits, but if the claim is that any one of these is the scientific method, then they all fail. In point of fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time.
In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is to claim that this is all somehow simple and therefore to imply that anyone who doesn’t get it is stupid. Science is not simple, and neither is the natural world; therein lies the challenge of science communication. What we do is both hard and, often hard to explain. Our efforts to understand and characterize the natural world are just that: efforts. Because we’re human, we often fall flat. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, and get back to work.
Scientific theories are not perfect replicas of reality, but we have good reason to believe that they capture significant elements of it. And experience reminds us that when we ignore reality, it sooner or later comes back to bite us.
11．Paragraph 2 stresses that _________.
A．scientific theories may change with time
B．the familiarity with science’s history matters
C．the unresolved matters should be reconsidered
D．a social consensus is culture-free and permanent
12．According to the passage, the author might agree that_________.
A．it is critical for scientists to stay true to reality
B．science puts an accurate interpretation on nature
C．the definitions of the scientific method are outdated
D．the credibility of scientific theories is underestimated
13．How does the author persuade readers in this passage
A．By stressing the importance of science.
B．By comparing opposite opinions on science.
C．By questioning the way scientific discoveries are made.
D．By pointing out the fault in claims made by some scientists.
阅读理解专练437
（2022·辽宁鞍山·二模）Shaping, drying, glazing and firing…In less than 5 minutes, a mini vase only millimeters in size starts to take shape as viewers watch on. As the founder of a miniature ceramics studio, Wang Wenhua never expected that his work would surprise viewers in China let alone those abroad, and that his short videos would earn over 45 million views and 4.2 million likes on Douyin, the Chinese version of Tik Tok.
Having worked in China’s “Porcelain Capital” Jingdezhen in East China’s Jiangxi Province for 14 years, Wang said he had once seen the world’s biggest ceramic here but he had never seen the smallest, so he decided one day to try something different — making micro porcelain.
Things were not easy in the beginning, and many people doubted him. “They called me crazy man and mocked me when I went to factories and asked them to help make miniature tools for me to create micro pottery, even my wife did not support me,” Wang said.
However, Wang did not give up and after about half a year of experimentation, Wang finally made miniature tools on his own and was able to complete his first miniature porcelain — a vase.
According to Wang, the key to making a miniature ceramic work is concentration and a pair of steady hands. After numerous attempts, Wang found that the smallest he could get were works about 2 millimeters in size, otherwise he would need to use a microscope.
“It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex, ”said Wang.
The smallest vase that Wang has made is a bowl only 2 millimeters tall, 3 millimeters wide and 1 millimeter thick. Wang said he plans to apply to the Guinness World Records for the world’s smallest pottery work.
14．What inspired Wang Wenhua to make micro porcelain
A．The high expectations of the viewers. B．The popularity of his videos on Douyin.
C．His decision to make something different. D．The responsibility of the founder of the studio.
15．Which words can best describe Wang Wenhua
A．Ambitious and wise. B．Brilliant and wealthy.
C．Talented and stubborn. D．Determined and focused.
16．What plays a significant role in producing a miniature ceramic work
A．Using a microscope in his work. B．Advanced tools made by himself.
C．Carrying out numerous experiments. D．Attention on a thing and steady hands.
17．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Life. B．Fashion. C．Education. D．Psychology.
阅读理解专练438
（2022·上海·模拟预测）Deo had grown up barefoot in Burundi, but for a peasant boy he had done well. He was twenty-four. Until recently he had been a medical student, for three years at or near the top of his class. But he had spent the past six months on the run.
He had one friend who had seen more of the world than East Central Africa, a fellow medical student named Jean. And it was Jean who had decided that New York was where he should go. Deo was traveling on a commercial visa. Jean’s French father had written a letter identifying Deo as an employee on a mission to America. He was supposed to be going to New York to sell coffee. Deo had read up on coffee beans in case he was questioned. Jean’s father had also paid for the plane tickets. A fat book let of tickets.
He had heard of French soldiers behaving badly in Rwanda, and had even caught glimpses of them training militiamen(民兵) in the camps, but waking up and seeing a white person in the next seat wasn’t alarming. No one called him a cockroach (蟑螂). No one held a machete (大砍刀).
A voice was speaking to him. He turned and saw a policeman who seemed friendly. Deo spoke to him in French, but the man shook his head and smiled. He asked a question in what Deo guessed was English. Then a woman who had been sitting nearby got up and walked over French, at long last French, coming out of her mouth. Perhaps she could help, the woman said in French. Deo thought: “God. I’m still in your hands.” She arranged to sit next to him on the flight to New York and asked him lots of questions. Deo wanted to pay her back for helping him. So he tried to answer her questions. They talked most of the way to New York. After such long solitude (独处), it felt wonderful to talk.
When he reached Immigration the agent stared at Deo’s documents, then started asking questions in what had to be English. There was nothing to do except smile. The agent went off and came back with another man. He introduced himself to Deo in French. His name was Muhammad. He said he came from Senegal. Muhammad asked Deo the agents’ questions and also some questions of his own. For the agents, he asked Deo, “Where are you coming from ” When Deo said he had come from Burundi, Muhammad made a pained face and said to him in French, “How did you get out ”
There was no time even to attempt an answer. The agents were asking another question: Deo’s visa said he was here on business. What business
Selling coffee beans, Deo told them through Muhammad. Just keep smiling, Deo told himself.
How much money did he have
Two hundred dollars, Deo said with pride. The cash had been a gift from Jean. Exchanged for Burundian francs, it could have bought a lot of cows. But neither Muhammad nor the agents looked impressed.
Where was he staying
Jean had told him he’d be asked this. A hotel, he said.
The agents laughed. A week in a hotel on two hundred dollars
In 1994, airport security wasn’t what it soon would be. Muhammad said something in English to the agents. His words must have been the right ones, because after a few more questions, the agents shrugged at each other and let him through, into America.
He had no idea what he’d do next. After six months on the run, he was in the habit of not looking ahead. And what was there to fear What could the man in the booth up ahead do to him Whatever it might be, he’d already seen worse. God had taken care of him so far. And still was taking care of him, it seemed. As this serious-looking stranger, Muhammad, walked him out of Customs, he said that Deo could stay with him in New York City. But Deo would have to wait here for three hours. Muhammad worked at the airport as a baggage handler. He had to finish his shift. Could Deo wait three hours
Only three hours said Deo. Of course!
18．Which of the following is the reason why Deo left his hometown
A．Jean persuaded him to go to New York.
B．Jean’s father paid for the plane tickets for him.
C．He was an employee on a business mission to America.
D．He wanted to flee his home town to seek shelter in New York.
19．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．God is toying with him. B．God is taking him under his wing.
C．He is at the mercy of God. D．He can’t break away from God.
20．What would most likely happen to Deo later
A．Selling coffee beans in New York.
B．Turning to Jean’s father for help.
C．Being reduced to a beggar in the street.
D．Making a living in New York with Muhammad’s help.
阅读理解专练439
（2022·上海·模拟预测）Gone are the days when a mother’s place was in the home: in Britain women with children are now as likely to be in paid work as their unburdened sisters. Many put their little darlings in day care long before they start school. Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. Inspectors call not only at nurseries but also at homes where youngsters are minded; three-year-olds follow the national curriculum. Child care has increasingly become a profession.
For years after the government first began in 2001 to twist the arms of anyone who looked after an unrelated child to register with the schools, the numbers so doing fell. Kind but clueless neighbours stopped looking after little ones, who were instead herded into formal nurseries or handed over to one of the ever-fewer registered child-minders. The decline in the number of people taking in children now appears to have halted. According to data released by the Office for Standards in Education on October 27th, the number of registered child-minders reached its lowest point in September 2010 and has since recovered slightly.
The new lot are certainly better qualified. In 2010 fully 82% of nursery workers held diplomas notionally equivalent to A-levels, the university-entrance exams taken mostly by 18-year-olds, up from 56% seven years earlier, says Anand Shukla of the Daycare Trust, a charity. Nurseries staffed by university graduates tend to be rated highest by inspectors, increasing their appeal to the pickiest parents. As a result, more graduates are being recruited.
But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. A survey by the Daycare Trust finds that a full-time nursery place in England for a child aged under two, who must be intensively supervised, costs 194 ($310) per week, on average. Prices in London and the south-east are far higher. Parents in Britain spend more on child care than anywhere else in the world, according to the OECD, a think-tank. Some 68% of a typical second earner's net income is spent on freeing her to work, compared with an OECD average of 52%.
The price of child care is not only eye-watering, but has also become a barrier to work. Soon after it took power the coalition government pledged to ensure that people are better off in work than on benefits, but a recent survey by Save the Children, a charity, found that the high cost of day care prevented a quarter of low-paid workers from returning to their jobs once they had started a family. The government pays for free part-time nursery places for three-and four-year-olds, and contributes towards day-care costs for younger children from poor areas. Alas, extending such an aid during stressful economic times would appear to be anything but child’s play.
21．Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph
A．Nursery education plays a leading role in one’s personal growth.
B．Pregnant women have to work to lighten families’ economic burden.
C．Children in nursery have to take uniform nation courses.
D．The supervision of the state makes child care professional.
22．It can be learned from Paragraph 2 and 3 that ________.
A．the registered child-minders are required to take the university-entrance exams
B．the number of registered child-minders has been declining since 2001
C．anyone who looks after children at home must register with the schools
D．the growing recognition encourages more graduates to work as child-minders
23．The high price of child care ________.
A．prevents mothers from getting employed
B．may further depress the national economy
C．makes many families live on benefits
D．is far more than parents can afford
24．Which of the following would be the subject of the text
A．The professionalization of child care has pushed up its price.
B．The high cost of child nursing makes many mothers give up their jobs.
C．The employment of more graduates makes nurseries more popular.
D．Parents in Britain pay most for child nursing throughout the world.
阅读理解专练440
（2022·上海·模拟预测）Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two years, I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer relations”. I firmly believed that a friendly smile and an automatic “sir”, “ma’ma”, and “thank you” would see me through any situation that might arise, from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the wrong change. But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a simple and plain response could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with all kinds of customers.
The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled(蹒跚) down the nearest aisle. She coughed dryly, wheezing(气喘吁吁) with each breath. On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin sweater too small to button, and black slippers with the backs cut out to expose calloused(满是老茧的) heels. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined legs.
After wandering around the store for several minutes, the old woman stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and stared with a strange intensity at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and asked her if she needed help. As I stood close to her, my smile became harder to maintain; her red-rimmed eyes were partially closed by yellowish crusts(痂); her hands were covered with layer upon layer of dirt, and the stale(陈腐的) smell of sweat rose from clothes.
“I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you ”
“Are you looking for corn, ma’am ”
“I need some food,” she repeated, “Any kind.”
“Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice.
“I can’t pay,” she said.
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the best of you. Let them know that you are in control. For a moment, I even entertained the idea that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, and her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She shuffled(拖着脚走) past me toward the door, her torn and dirty clothing barely covering her bent back.
Moments after she left, I rushed out of the door with the can of corn, but she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman haunted(萦绕) me. I had been young, healthy and proud. She had been old, sick and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize how weak a hold we have on our better instincts.
25．How did the writer feel about his job at 7-Eleven before the old woman came
A．He was quite satisfied with his service manner.
B．He found room for improvement in developing customer relations.
C．He considered himself successful in dealing with all interpersonal relations.
D．He thought himself experienced after working in the store for two years.
26．The detailed account of the old woman is intended to show ________.
A．how she presented a sharp contrast to the other customers
B．how sick, poor and desperate for help she was
C．how she surprised the writer with her unusual appearance
D．how inappropriate it was for her to enter a place like this
27．What’s the meaning of the phrase “get the best of” according to the passage
A．To make the most of. B．To bring out the best of.
C．To win an advantage over. D．To bring into full play.
专题22.答案
阅读理解专练421
44．C
45．B
46．A
47．D
阅读理解专练422
5．B
6．C
7．C
8．A
阅读理解专练423
9．C
10．A
11．B
阅读理解专练424
12．B
13．C
14．D
阅读理解专练425
15．D
16．D
17．C
18．B
阅读理解专练426
19．A
20．A
21．C
22．C
阅读理解专练427
23．B
24．A
25．D
阅读理解专练428
26．B
27．D
28．A
阅读理解专练429
29．B
30．C
31．A
32．D
阅读理解专练430
33．D
34．B
35．C
36．C
阅读理解专练431
37．B
38．D
39．B
40．D
阅读理解专练432
41．A
42．C
43．C
44．B
阅读理解专练433
1．B
2．C
3．B
4．A
阅读理解专练434
5．D
6．B
7．C
阅读理解专练435
8．A
9．D
10．D
阅读理解专练436
11．A
12．D
13．D
阅读理解专练437
14．C
15．D
16．D
17．A
阅读理解专练438
18．D
19．B
20．D
阅读理解专练439
21．D
22．D
23．A
24．A
阅读理解专练440
25．A
26．B
27．C
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专题22.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练421
（2022·浙江·模拟预测）One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect. He lay on his armor-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.
“What’s happened to me ” he thought. It wasn’t a dream. His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls. A collection of textile samples lay spread out on the table—Samsa was a travelling salesman—and above it there hung a picture that he had recently cut out of an illustrated magazine and housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a lady fitted out with a fur hat and fur scarf who sat upright, raising a heavy fur muff (暖手筒) that covered the whole of her lower arm towards the viewer.
Gregor then turned to look out the window at the dull weather. Drops of rain could be heard hitting the window, which made him feel quite sad. “How about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense,” he thought, but that was something he was unable to do because he was used to sleeping on his right, and in his present state couldn’t get into that position. However hard he threw himself onto his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes so that he wouldn’t have to look at the floundering legs, and only stopped when he began to feel a mild, dull pain there that he had never felt before.
He thought, “What a heavy career it is that I’ve chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there’s the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them.” He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn’t know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble.
He slid back into his former position. “Getting up early all the time,” he thought, “it makes you stupid. You’ve got to get enough sleep. Other travelling salesmen live a life of luxury. For instance, whenever I go back to the guest house during the morning to copy out the contract, these gentlemen are always still sitting there eating their breakfasts. I ought to just try that with my boss; I’d get kicked out on the spot. But who knows, maybe that would be the best thing for me. If I didn’t have my parents to think about I’d have given in my notice a long time ago, I’d have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He’d fall right off his desk! And it’s a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your inferiors from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change.
“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”
44．According to the passage, Gregor initially believes his transformation is a ________.
A．curse
B．disease
C．nightmare
D．fraud
45．The author most likely includes a description of Gregor’s itch in paragraph 4 to ________.
A．remind the reader that Gregor has already turned into an insect
B．stress the disconnection between Gregor’s thoughts and his actual situation
C．present important details about what Gregor’s new body looks like
D．show that Gregor’s thoughts are focused on the changes to his body
46．The passage most strongly suggests which of the following about Gregor’s attitude toward his profession
A．He is angry.
B．He is eager to please.
C．He is depressed.
D．He is diligent.
47．The main rhetorical (修辞的) effect of the final sentence of the excerpt （“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”） is to ________.
A．provide a solution to the conflict Gregor faces
B．foretell the conflict between Gregor and his boss
C．illustrate Gregor’s flexibility and ability to move on
D．emphasize Gregor’s extreme sense of duty
阅读理解专练422
（2022·江苏·金陵中学模拟预测）Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau (梭罗) at Walden Pond (瓦尔登湖).
Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature.
I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens eyeglasses. Occasionally I’d pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue.
But something bothered me. In what I’d intended as a nature experience, here I was using very high technology to help myself out. This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk,” which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.
What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that My first thought was that he’d be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal:
Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily … till I almost lost him in the clouds … I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.
Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his “botany-box.” And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was “the best dressed.” Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself.
Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.
5．What is the purpose of the text
A．To recommend Thoreau’s book Walden Pond.
B．To argue that humans have developed into cyborgs.
C．To share the reflections on man’s reliance on nature.
D．To question whether people are technology-dependent.
6．Which picture best illustrates a cyborg in the author’s eye
A． B．
C． D．
7．Why does the author quote Thoreau’s journal
A．To introduce a literary work on nature.
B．To explain how to prepare for a nature walk.
C．To prove that even naturalists use technology.
D．To describe the natural beauty Thoreau enjoyed.
8．What is the author’s attitude towards being a cyborg
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
阅读理解专练423
（2022·广东汕头·二模）The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms, which reflect the Chinese people’s understanding of time. Here several special solar terms are listed.
Rain Water
Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again. Extra care is needed to cope with a returning cold spell in this period. The wet and damp weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen （脾） and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. Therefore, a bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.
Awakening of Insects
As the third solar term in the lunar year, its name implies that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life. It is the key time for spring agricultural activities. Modern meteorological science shows that around this period, the earth becomes wet, the hot humid air from the north is strong and creates frequent winds. For this reason, thunder often occurs.
Spring Equinox
Spring Equinox signals the equal length of the day and night time. On the day of the Spring Equinox, the sun is directly above the equator. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards, resulting in gradually longer day time in the Northern Hemisphere. Standing an egg upright is a popular game during this period. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future.
Grain Rain
Grain Rain originates from the old saying, “Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains", which shows that this period of rainfall is extremely important for the growth of crops and people are busy working on the land. Grain Rain falls between the end of' spring and the beginning of summer, with infrequent cold air moving to the south and lingering cold air in the north. With dry soil, an unsteady atmosphere and heavy winds and sandstorms become more frequent.
9．What can we know about Rain Water
A．River water starts to freeze.
B．Taking off the thick coats is advisable.
C．Lively spring-like scenery can be seen.
D．It falls between the end of spring and the start of summer.
10．What do Awakening of Insects and Grain Rain have in common
A．Farming season. B．Animal activities.
C．Air temperature. D．Frequent thundering.
11．In which solar term would people most probably put on masks
A．Rain Water. B．Grain Rain.
C．Spring Equinox. D．Awakening of Insects.
阅读理解专练424
（2022·浙江·模拟预测）The war epic The Battle at Lake Changjin, one of the most expensive films ever made in China, shot to the top of the week-long National Day holiday box office, promoting the domestic market to recover after an unsatisfying box office for more than two months.
Set in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (1950-1953) and headlined by Wu Jing and Jackson Yee, the film tells the story of the Chinese People’s Volunteers soldiers fighting bravely under freezing temperatures in a key campaign at Lake Changjin, or Chosin Reservoir.
With the number of cast and crew reaching an unprecedented scale of more than 12,000, the movie re-creates the serious conflict on the Korean Peninsula amid the extremely cold winter of 1950, when temperatures decreased to the lowest level in 50 years. The movie’s production involved more than 80 visual-effects companies domestically and abroad, with the script revised 37 times.
Breaking over 10 records, including single-day income for a film, the blockbuster has earned around 2 billion yuan ($310 million) since its opening on Sept 30. It accounted for percent of total holiday receipts, which had reached 2.67 billion yuan as of Monday, according to the movie information tracker Beacon.
The film has also gained millions of reviews and clicks on several of the country’s most popular social media platforms, including Sina Weibo and Douyin, with most commenters praising the heart-breaking tale and saying it stirred their national pride, making them want to pay tribute to the CPV heroes who sacrificed their lives. Some netizens said the film reminds them, amid the current China-US tension, to cherish today’s peaceful life.
12．What is the film The Battle at Lake Changjin mainly about
A．The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea
B．The brutal war between Chinese and American armies at the lake.
C．Why the battle broke out.
D．How was the film made.
13．What do paragraphs 3＆4 want to tell readers
A．The film made a lot of money. B．A lot of people are involved in producing the film.
C．The film is a success. D．It’s very difficult to produce the film.
14．What can we learn from the film
A．Love our motherland. B．Treasure the life we live now.
C．Respect those who devote themselves to our country. D．All of the above.
阅读理解专练425
（2022·江苏·南京市第一中学模拟预测）“Cleverness is a gift. Kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy — they’re given after all. Choices can be hard.” — Jeff Bezos, the founder and CEO of Amazon.
I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2,300 percent per year. I’d never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn’t work since most startups didn’t, and I wasn’t sure what to expect. MacKenzie told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I’d been a garage inventor. I’d always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.
I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I admired very much. I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it will be an even better idea for someone e who doesn’t already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but eventually, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn’t think I’d regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision not to try at all.
After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I’m proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.
15．What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore
A．The desire to follow his passion. B．The attraction of millions of titles.
C．The strong support of his wife. D．The increasing usage of the Internet.
16．What was the author’s situation before starting Amazon
A．He was a garage inventor. B．He was in search of a good job.
C．He was working at a bookstore. D．He was satisfied with his work.
17．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence
A．He would be very excited if he tried it out.
B．He would be always having a doubt if he didn’t try.
C．The idea of not trying would keep coming to his mind.
D．The decision not to try the bookstore would terrify him.
18．What is the best title for the text
A．Following My Passion B．We Are What We Choose
C．The Starting of Amazon D．Cleverness and Kindness
阅读理解专练426
（2022·广东·二模）By 2050, the United Nations says, we’re going to need 70 percent more food to feed the nine billion people living on Earth. Sara Menker says the problem may be even more urgent than the U.N. suggests. In 2017, she gave a TED talk in which she said a “tipping point,” beyond which global food markets become too overloaded to function effectively, could come in just a few years.
“We discovered that the world will be short 214×1012 calories by 2027,” she said. Or, in more familiar terms: “A single Big Mac has 563 calories. That means the world will be short 380 billion Big Macs in 2027. That is more Big Macs than McDonald’s has ever produced.”
Menker cannot change the world alone. But the firm she started, Gro Intelligence, is providing information that food companies, insurers, lenders and policymakers use to make food production more effective, and perhaps help protect against that tipping point.
Gro tracks 650×1012 data points daily—from sources such as government and local food reports, satellite photos, long-term weather forecasts and greenhouse gas measurements—and creates computer models so that food companies, such as Unilever and Yum! Brands, can know how prices are likely to trend, calculate surpluses (过剩) and shortages, and be more flexible when climate change makes food supplies harder to predict.
A type of artificial intelligence known as machine learning is key to dealing with the data because, as Allison Tepley of Gro’s staff put it, “The best information is often local information, but it’s often in local languages, in different forms and it all needs to be put together.”
Gro has sounded warmings on African swine fever in China (which cut pork production 30 percent in 2018), locust infestation in East Africa in 2020 and global inflation (通货膨胀) in food prices.
19．What is the problem mentioned by Menker
A．Food shortage. B．Overloaded markets.
C．Overpopulation. D．Wrong prediction by the U.N.
20．What does Menker mean by her words in paragraph 2
A．The problem is serious. B．Her discovery is more accurate.
C．Big Macs contain too many calories. D．McDonald’s should increase productivity.
21．What does Gro do to help food companies
A．Get resources. B．Monitor greenhouse gases.
C．Analyse big data. D．Assess surpluses and shortages.
22．What might the underlined words “locust infestation” be in the last paragraph
A．A data-driven drug. B．A language-based approach.
C．A food-related disaster. D．A production-centered policy.
阅读理解专练427
（2022·浙江省长兴中学三模）Tiny homes have been popular as home prices have climbed to new heights and people have looked for creative ways to downsize. We’ve seen many design concepts, including storage units and buses, but Jim Dotzenrod and his daughter Danielle recently came up with a unique one. The pair worked together on the family project to transform a 1973 train caboose into the sleeper car.
The CR Station Train Caboose, as it’s known on Airbnb, which has become somewhat of its own tourist destination in the small town that houses it, is available to rent for $124 a night, and has an excellent rating of 4.86 out of 5 from more than 300 guests on the booking website.
According to Insider, the project began when Jim saw a bunch of train cabooses along the side of the road during a drive out of town. He said he wondered if he could change one of them into a place where people could live or stay. So, he bought the 52,000-pound caboose for $8,000. Getting the caboose to its final home took some creative thinking and some heavy-duty equipment.
Danielle said the work was challenging, especially since she and her dad both have day jobs. But their schedules didn’t stop them from finishing the project. “My dad can do anything he sets his mind to — like, absolutely anything — but my dad is so low maintenance himself,” Danielle told the website. “So when we built this together it was a good combination because he could build whatever and have me pushing him like, ‘Hey, let’s make this as cool as we can.’”
This caboose also has Wi-Fi, air-conditioning, a refrigerator, a shower and more. So, if you’re ever traveling in Iowa and want to experience something special, book a stay at the CR Station Train Caboose!
23．What can we know about the CR Station Train Caboose
A．It can only be booked online. B．It has become a local attraction.
C．It offers a new concept in home decoration. D．It was transported to the town with little effort.
24．The words “low maintenance” in paragraph 4 indicate Jim Dotzenrod is ________.
A．easy and pleasant to deal with B．determined to do what he wants
C．excellent at building houses D．experienced in project design
25．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To introduce a lifestyle. B．To share an experience.
C．To show a travel trend. D．To make an advertisement.
阅读理解专练428
（2022·河南·华中师范大学附属息县高级中学模拟预测）China announced the establishment of the first—ever five national parks during the COP15 biodiversity summit.
Sanjiangyuan National Park
Located on the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau, the Sanjiangyuan area is home to the headwaters of the Yangtze. Yellow and Lancang rivers, which help to raise billions of lives. The glaciers and snow mountains are beautiful and animals such as snow leopards and blue sheep are tough. In Sanjiangyuan National Park, ecological protection and development of animal—farming areas are carried out.
The Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park
The Siberian tiger and the Amur leopard are endangered speciesunder global protection. The Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is important for the survival of these animals and restoring and keeping stable populations. Tigers and leopards can walk around freely in the mountains.
The Giant Panda National Park
The Giant Panda National Park on the borders of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces is home to 1, 339 wild pandas, 70 percent of China's total. As an umbrella species, countless creatures which share the habitat with the pandas also gain a better living environment. Rare animals such as golden snub-nosed monkeys and takins also thrive in the area.
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park
Hainan black—crested gibbons, listed as the world’s most endangered primate (灵长类的) species, are found only in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. To preserve the tropical rainforest ecosystem, the people in the core area moved out to leave an undisturbed environment for ecological restoration.
Wuyishan National Park
UNESCO described Wuyi Mountains as the most outstanding area for biodiversity conservation in southeast China. It is a lotus land of rare wildlife, with many species only found in China. For the past one hundred years, biologists from China and abroad have researched and discovered more than 1, 000 new species in the mountains.
26．In which park can you see glaciers and snow mountains
A．The Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park. B．Sanjiangyuan National Park.
C．The Giant Panda National Park. D．Wuyishan National Park.
27．What animals share the habitat with the pandas
A．Blue sheep B．The Amur leopard.
C．Black—crested gibbons. D．snub—nosed monkeys.
28．How did people protect the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park
A．They moved away from their original living places.
B．They defended the animal—farming areas.
C．They set up areas for animals to walk around freely.
D．They helped scientists research and discover new species.
阅读理解专练429
（2022·湖南师大附中二模） Time to load up some popular games: new research indicates pigs possess the mental capability to play video games. The study, published in Frontiers in Psychology, tested the ability of four pigs (Hamlet, Omelette, Ebony and Ivory) to play a simple joystick game with their noses, moving a cursor (光标) to four targets on the screen. Although the animals didn’t demonstrate the skills to win a round any time, they did show an understanding of some elementary games. Performing well above chance, the pigs appeared to recognize the movement of the cursor was controlled by the joystick. The fact that they did so well despite a lack of flexible fingers is “extraordinary”, according to the researchers.
“It is no small achievement for an animal to grasp the concept that the behaviour they are performing is having an effect elsewhere. That pigs can do this to any degree should give us pause as to what else they are capable of learning and how such learning may impact them,” said Purdue University’s Dr Candace Croney, the study’s lead author.
Researchers also noted that while the pigs could be taught to play the game using food as positive motivation, they also responded well to social interaction. In fact, when the game was made more challenging and the pigs became unwilling to participate in it, “only oral encouragement by the experimenter” would see training continue.
These findings are the latest to highlight the intelligence of pigs. Not only have they been shown to use mirrors to find hidden food, but studies have also demonstrated how pigs can be taught to “come” and “sit” after oral commands.
As with any sentient (有感觉力的) beings, how we interact with pigs and what we do to them impacts and matters to them. We therefore have a moral duty to understand how pigs acquire information, and what they are capable of learning and remembering, because it ultimately offers the potential for how they understand their interactions with us and their environments.
29．What can be learned from Paragraph 1
A．The pigs sometimes won the video games.
B．The pigs operated joysticks with their noses.
C．The pigs competed with each other in the games.
D．The pigs sometimes performed well accidentally.
30．What does the underlined phrase “give us pause” refer to
A．Stop us from advancing. B．Affect us in learning.
C．Make us think seriously. D．Force us to train pigs better.
31．What made researchers believe pigs socially interacted well
A．Their being inspired by human words.
B．Their being driven by food.
C．Their being willing to keep trying.
D．Their being motivated by challenges.
32．Which of the following could be the best title
A．Smart pigs: good players B．Flexible noses: fun games
C．Oral commands: pig learners D．Pig players: learning potential
阅读理解专练430
（2022·湖北鄂州·模拟预测）The great Swiss psychologist Jean used to lecture around the world, explaining how children’s minds develop as they get older. Once an American asked, “But Prof. Jean, how can we get them to do faster ” Today it’s no longer just impatient Americans who assume that faster brain and cognitive(认知的)development is better. Across the globe, both parents and policy makers eagerly push preschools to be more like schools.
A wave of new research shows, however, that this picture is far too simple. In 1998 a landmark series of studies looked at the long term effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on children’s growing up. ACEs include physical or emotional overlook or abuse, being poor, losing parent, violence or mental(精神的)illness in the home. Since the original studies, there have been hundreds of similar ones done across the world. It turns out that ACEs are disastrously common.
A new paper by Dr. Mackey, published in Nature Neuroscience Reviews, also concludes that. ACEs seem to make children’s brains grow up too quickly. Dr. Mackey suggests that frequently repeated bad experiences may have the worst speeding up effect, while more varied and unusual good experiences may be particularly likely to keep the brain open to learning.
Why would stress and disasters make us grow up faster and a rich, varied, nursing environment make us grow up more slowly One influential recent idea takes off from the biological concept of “life history”. An animal’s life history includes how long it lives, how much it invests in its young and how long it takes those young to mature. A “live fast, die young” life history makes more developmental sense when resources are few and life is predictably hard.
In brief, a long, slow life history goes with a big, smart brain. All of this should be able to relieve the parents’ worries about “the American question”. Loving your children and giving them space to learn and explore is more important than designing a particular curriculum(课程).
33．What can we infer from paragraph 1
A．Americans are usually smarter than others.
B．American brain science is better developed.
C．Most people believed children should skip preschools.
D．Most people wish to develop their children’s brains faster.
34．What is Dr. Mackey’ s opinion about speeding up children’s brain
A．It leads to an early death.
B．It may cause painful problems.
C．It is beneficial to academic learning.
D．It originates from unpleasant environment.
35．What does the author finally advise parents to do
A．Push preschools to be more like schools.
B．Put middle-high pressure on their children.
C．Give children care and freedom to learn and explore.
D．Ask teachers to design abundant curricula for children.
36．What may be the best title for the text
A．Live Fast, Die Young
B．Faster Development, Better Future
C．An American Question, the World’s Problem
D．ACEs, Key to Children’s Brains’ Development
阅读理解专练431
（2022·福建宁德·一模）As the world’s population continues to increase, so does the amount of global waste people produce. According to data collected by the World Bank Group, nations are on pace to generate 4 billion tons of waste annually by the year 2100. Many experts are calling the problem of global waste a worldwide health crisis because the waste is ruining the world’s oceans, air and soil and endangering the health of all living things.
For years, government agencies have been telling citizens that living a zero-waste lifestyle is the way to go. Now some grocery stores are helping people do that.
Most grocery stores produce waste when they throw away food and packaging material. In some cases, the food consists of fruit and vegetables that don’t look good any more. In other cases, it’s packaged food that is nearing the “sell-by” date printed on the package. After the sell-by date passes, the food is not considered safe to eat. Thus, many stores throw out unsold packaged food before that date arrives.
To solve this problem, business people are opening smaller zero-waste grocery stores. Instead of selling food in packages, these stores offer it in open containers. Customers bring their own bags or clean containers to the store. There, they fill their bags or containers with everything from nuts and grains to oil and vinegar. They pay for only the amount of each product that they need. Zero-waste stores often sell fruit and vegetables as well. When these goods start to look old, they’re sold at a discount or donated to a charity. Inspired by these smaller zero-waste grocery stores, some large supermarkets are taking similar steps to reduce the amount of waste that they produce.
37．What causes some produce to be thrown away
A．Poor sales performance.
B．Lack of visual attraction.
C．No printed sell-by date.
D．Ruined packaging material.
38．What do we know about the smaller stores
A．Packaged food is available there.
B．Nuts and grains are free of charge there.
C．The fruit there is donated from a charity.
D．Their customers can bring empty glass jars.
39．What are some large supermarkets doing
A．Taking steps to regulate smaller stores.
B．Following the example of smaller stores.
C．Establishing partnerships with smaller stores.
D．Putting several smaller stores out of business.
40．In which publication would this text most likely appear
A．Guide to Outdoor Recreation.
B．Best Craft and Hobby Magazine.
C．Journal of American Literary Research.
D．Weekly Bulletin of Environmental News.
阅读理解专练432
（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）Plastic-free July is a global campaign that challenges people to give up single-use plastic. The idea is the brainchild of Rebecca Prince-Ruiz, an activist living in Western Australia. She realized that, in addition to raising awareness, she wanted to do something to actually reduce plastic waste. She helped round up just 40 people in Perth, who volunteered to give up plastic for the month of July. In the last 6 years, the idea has become so popular that this year, over a million people in 130 countries are on board.
Beth Terry, America’s best-known plastic-free activist, first participated in Plastic Free July in 2014. She has nothing but high praise for this initiative and its founder. Beth’s website includes “100 Steps to a Plastic-Free Life”, “carry your own containers for take-out food and leftovers,” along with reusable cookers and glass drinking straws. Eat ice cream on a cone rather than get it in a plastic-lined cup. Give up chewing gum.
You’re probably already using a reusable cloth bag rather than plastic at the grocery store, and drinking from a stainless steel or aluminum water bottle rather than buy water in a plastic bottle. But PlasticFreeJuly’s A-Z list shows how easy it can be to replace single-use plastic with a reusable version. The list includes replacing plastic doggy bags with folded up newspaper and using cloth diapers (尿布). PlasticFreeJuly’s website also lists some pretty astonishing facts. For example: Scientists predict there will be more tonnes of plastic than tonnes of fish in the world’s waterways and oceans by 2050. Plastic manufacturing consumes 6% of the world’s fossil fuels. In the first 10 years of the 21st century, the world economy produced more plastic than it did during the entire 1900s!
41．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 1
A．The background of Plastic-free July. B．The challenges of recycling plastics.
C．The voluntary work of people in Perth. D．The profession of Rebecca Prince-Ruiz.
42．What can we see on Beth’s website
A．Some childhood stories about Beth.
B．Some regulations to ban using plastic.
C．Some additional ways to live plastic-free.
D．Some pictures of people buying take-out food.
43．What can we infer from the text
A．Plastic-free July has been operating for 40 years.
B．Plastic will have disappeared by the end of 2050.
C．A-Z list shows alternatives for plastic free living.
D．Plastic doggy bags have been replaced by paper bags.
44．What is probably the suitable title for the text
A．Choose to Refuse Single-Use Plastic for Plastic-Free July
B．Plastic-Free July, a Growing Global Movement to Ban Plastic
C．Recycling Alone Could Not Solve the Plastic Pollution Problem
D．Rebecca Prince-Ruiz, America’s Best-known Plastic-free Activist
阅读理解专练433
（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）A dog’s devotion to his home is making national headlines after his owner found him gardening the property weeks after the residence and the surrounding area was burned to the ground by Northern California’s Camp Fire.
Madison, an Anatolian shepherd dog, reunited with 75-year-old Andrea Gaylord on Wednesday—the first day she was permitted to return to her land in the town of Paradise. After the fire, animal rescuer Shayla Sullivan received a request to search for Gaylord’s two dogs, Madison and Miguel. When the fast-moving Camp Fire broke out, Gaylord had just minutes to escape and wasn’t able to find Madison and Miguel. Other rescuers managed to capture Miguel not long afterward, while Madison’s whereabouts remained a mystery. Sullivan had a feeling that he wasn’t too far away. After all, some type of animal was eating the food and water she was regularly leaving out.
“The third day I went there, I felt like I saw a flash of white movement nearby,” Sullivan said. As it turned out, she was right—but it took a familiar person coming home to convince Madison it was safe to show his face. When Gaylord drove up to the property the first day, it took about five or ten minutes for Madison to come running to greet her. Even more amazing was seeing Miguel and Madison reunite with each other. Miguel had been “so upset and so depressed” being without his brother and away from his home.
Anatolian shepherd dogs are from Turkey and have been bred for thousands of years to protect and guard livestock, their property and their owners. They are appreciated for their loyalty, intelligence and independence and Madison is perfect example of a livestock guardian dog. He dealt with a natural disaster bravely and went right back to where he belonged and stayed there until his owners and close friend returned.
1．What made Madison well-known to the public
A．Escaping from the fire quickly and skillfully.
B．Guarding the property for weeks after the fire.
C．Managing to survive weeks without any food.
D．Saving residents in the community from the fire.
2．What does the underlined word “capture” probably mean in Paragraph 2
A．Frighten. B．Encourage. C．Catch. D．Reward.
3．What can be inferred about Miguel
A．Miguel failed to recognize Gaylord after the fire.
B．Miguel had a deep emotional bond with Madison.
C．Miguel hid himself until Shayla Sullivan appeared.
D．Miguel suffered psychological damage from the fire.
4．According to the text, Anatolian shepherd dogs ________.
A．have been used as livestock guardians
B．are expert at dealing with natural disasters
C．became family pets one thousand years ago
D．behave differently in face of different persons
阅读理解专练434
（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）The United Kingdom is well known for its nightlife, but these cities offer the best time if you are up for a little partying.
Swansea
The best thing about this city is that most of the highly-recommended bars are located on the coast. The bar-area in Swansea stretches for more than one mile. Amazing fact, and trust us, you can find a bar that suits you right here. If you are not ready to leave the urban area, that’s all right but trust us, you don’t want to miss the famed Mumbles Mile.
Manchester
The city is filled with youth, and you can follow any stream of the youngsters in the city to one of the best bars to spend the night. Manchester has a massive music history and as such, it is the ideal place to seek the best parties that last till morning in this capital of the industry. Do not miss their famous pubs, the most famous of which are The Waldorf and Sinclair’s Oyster Bar.
Stoke
This brilliant place has long been known as a football fortress. The best spots are located at the famed town center called Newcastle-under-Lyme. If you are more of a bar and club type of person, then head straight to Thirsty Giraffe and Revolution, or simply spend the night in The Sugarmill.
Sheffield
This city is the home of two football clubs, Wednesday and United, but we’re not talking about them. But, trust us when we tell you their fans know how to party. It is not so hard to do it in Sheffield as the city is filled with clubs, pubs, bars, and restaurants. Regardless of your age, this city has plenty to offer in every department for everyone’s pocket.
5．What do we know about Swansea
A．All the bars lie on the coast. B．All-night parties can be held.
C．It offers the best bar services. D．Mumbles Mile lies in the city.
6．Which place will you go to if you are a music lover
A．Swansea. B．Manchester. C．Stoke. D．Sheffield.
7．What do Stoke and Sheffield have in common
A．They are coast cities. B．They are filled with youth.
C．They are known for football. D．They offer fancy restaurants.
阅读理解专练435
（2022·浙江省长兴中学模拟预测）Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.
Becoming China’s best architectural historians was no easy accomplishment. The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them. Exploring China’s remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule (骡子) or on foot. Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk or violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.
Their greatest discovery was the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A．D．, making it the oldest building known in China at the time.
Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most forbidding, forgotten areas to determine its age, including one hideaway inhibited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. “In complete darkness and among the awful smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours. When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.” Liand wrote of the experience in an account included in “Liang and Lin; Partners in Exploring China’s Architectual Past.”
8．On their way to the ancient buildings, what kind of difficulties and risks do Liang and Lin face
A．Poor accommodations and personal security.
B．Poor accommodations and smelly areas.
C．Broken vehicles and violence from robbers.
D．Broken vehicles and muddy roads.
9．Liang and Lin raised public awareness of ______.
A．documenting smashed historical buildings
B．rebuilding historically valuable buildings
C．saving the oldest temples in China
D．protecting historical buildings.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．Creativeness results in discovery
B．Difficulty produces achievement
C．Efforts contribute to happiness
D．Responsibilities contribute to development
阅读理解专练436
（2022·北京丰台·二模）People’s distrust in science has led many scientists to take up arms (or at least keyboards) to defend their enterprise. But in their efforts to fight back against science denial, some scientists say things that just aren’t true-and you can’t build trust if the things you are saying are not trustworthy.
One popular move is to insist that science is right-full stop-and that once we discover the truth about the world, we are done. Or, as famous physicist Steven Smith said, “Even though a scientific theory is in a sense a social consensus (共识), it is unlike any other sort of consensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” Well, no. Even a modest familiarity with the history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that they needed to be reconsidered.
Another popular move is to say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific method.” But we can never actually agree on what that method is. Some will say it is the observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the experimental method. Recently a prominent scientist claimed the scientific method was to avoid fooling oneself into thinking something is true that is not.
Each of these views has its merits, but if the claim is that any one of these is the scientific method, then they all fail. In point of fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time.
In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is to claim that this is all somehow simple and therefore to imply that anyone who doesn’t get it is stupid. Science is not simple, and neither is the natural world; therein lies the challenge of science communication. What we do is both hard and, often hard to explain. Our efforts to understand and characterize the natural world are just that: efforts. Because we’re human, we often fall flat. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, and get back to work.
Scientific theories are not perfect replicas of reality, but we have good reason to believe that they capture significant elements of it. And experience reminds us that when we ignore reality, it sooner or later comes back to bite us.
11．Paragraph 2 stresses that _________.
A．scientific theories may change with time
B．the familiarity with science’s history matters
C．the unresolved matters should be reconsidered
D．a social consensus is culture-free and permanent
12．According to the passage, the author might agree that_________.
A．it is critical for scientists to stay true to reality
B．science puts an accurate interpretation on nature
C．the definitions of the scientific method are outdated
D．the credibility of scientific theories is underestimated
13．How does the author persuade readers in this passage
A．By stressing the importance of science.
B．By comparing opposite opinions on science.
C．By questioning the way scientific discoveries are made.
D．By pointing out the fault in claims made by some scientists.
阅读理解专练437
（2022·辽宁鞍山·二模）Shaping, drying, glazing and firing…In less than 5 minutes, a mini vase only millimeters in size starts to take shape as viewers watch on. As the founder of a miniature ceramics studio, Wang Wenhua never expected that his work would surprise viewers in China let alone those abroad, and that his short videos would earn over 45 million views and 4.2 million likes on Douyin, the Chinese version of Tik Tok.
Having worked in China’s “Porcelain Capital” Jingdezhen in East China’s Jiangxi Province for 14 years, Wang said he had once seen the world’s biggest ceramic here but he had never seen the smallest, so he decided one day to try something different — making micro porcelain.
Things were not easy in the beginning, and many people doubted him. “They called me crazy man and mocked me when I went to factories and asked them to help make miniature tools for me to create micro pottery, even my wife did not support me,” Wang said.
However, Wang did not give up and after about half a year of experimentation, Wang finally made miniature tools on his own and was able to complete his first miniature porcelain — a vase.
According to Wang, the key to making a miniature ceramic work is concentration and a pair of steady hands. After numerous attempts, Wang found that the smallest he could get were works about 2 millimeters in size, otherwise he would need to use a microscope.
“It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex, ”said Wang.
The smallest vase that Wang has made is a bowl only 2 millimeters tall, 3 millimeters wide and 1 millimeter thick. Wang said he plans to apply to the Guinness World Records for the world’s smallest pottery work.
14．What inspired Wang Wenhua to make micro porcelain
A．The high expectations of the viewers. B．The popularity of his videos on Douyin.
C．His decision to make something different. D．The responsibility of the founder of the studio.
15．Which words can best describe Wang Wenhua
A．Ambitious and wise. B．Brilliant and wealthy.
C．Talented and stubborn. D．Determined and focused.
16．What plays a significant role in producing a miniature ceramic work
A．Using a microscope in his work. B．Advanced tools made by himself.
C．Carrying out numerous experiments. D．Attention on a thing and steady hands.
17．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Life. B．Fashion. C．Education. D．Psychology.
阅读理解专练438
（2022·上海·模拟预测）Deo had grown up barefoot in Burundi, but for a peasant boy he had done well. He was twenty-four. Until recently he had been a medical student, for three years at or near the top of his class. But he had spent the past six months on the run.
He had one friend who had seen more of the world than East Central Africa, a fellow medical student named Jean. And it was Jean who had decided that New York was where he should go. Deo was traveling on a commercial visa. Jean’s French father had written a letter identifying Deo as an employee on a mission to America. He was supposed to be going to New York to sell coffee. Deo had read up on coffee beans in case he was questioned. Jean’s father had also paid for the plane tickets. A fat book let of tickets.
He had heard of French soldiers behaving badly in Rwanda, and had even caught glimpses of them training militiamen(民兵) in the camps, but waking up and seeing a white person in the next seat wasn’t alarming. No one called him a cockroach (蟑螂). No one held a machete (大砍刀).
A voice was speaking to him. He turned and saw a policeman who seemed friendly. Deo spoke to him in French, but the man shook his head and smiled. He asked a question in what Deo guessed was English. Then a woman who had been sitting nearby got up and walked over French, at long last French, coming out of her mouth. Perhaps she could help, the woman said in French. Deo thought: “God. I’m still in your hands.” She arranged to sit next to him on the flight to New York and asked him lots of questions. Deo wanted to pay her back for helping him. So he tried to answer her questions. They talked most of the way to New York. After such long solitude (独处), it felt wonderful to talk.
When he reached Immigration the agent stared at Deo’s documents, then started asking questions in what had to be English. There was nothing to do except smile. The agent went off and came back with another man. He introduced himself to Deo in French. His name was Muhammad. He said he came from Senegal. Muhammad asked Deo the agents’ questions and also some questions of his own. For the agents, he asked Deo, “Where are you coming from ” When Deo said he had come from Burundi, Muhammad made a pained face and said to him in French, “How did you get out ”
There was no time even to attempt an answer. The agents were asking another question: Deo’s visa said he was here on business. What business
Selling coffee beans, Deo told them through Muhammad. Just keep smiling, Deo told himself.
How much money did he have
Two hundred dollars, Deo said with pride. The cash had been a gift from Jean. Exchanged for Burundian francs, it could have bought a lot of cows. But neither Muhammad nor the agents looked impressed.
Where was he staying
Jean had told him he’d be asked this. A hotel, he said.
The agents laughed. A week in a hotel on two hundred dollars
In 1994, airport security wasn’t what it soon would be. Muhammad said something in English to the agents. His words must have been the right ones, because after a few more questions, the agents shrugged at each other and let him through, into America.
He had no idea what he’d do next. After six months on the run, he was in the habit of not looking ahead. And what was there to fear What could the man in the booth up ahead do to him Whatever it might be, he’d already seen worse. God had taken care of him so far. And still was taking care of him, it seemed. As this serious-looking stranger, Muhammad, walked him out of Customs, he said that Deo could stay with him in New York City. But Deo would have to wait here for three hours. Muhammad worked at the airport as a baggage handler. He had to finish his shift. Could Deo wait three hours
Only three hours said Deo. Of course!
18．Which of the following is the reason why Deo left his hometown
A．Jean persuaded him to go to New York.
B．Jean’s father paid for the plane tickets for him.
C．He was an employee on a business mission to America.
D．He wanted to flee his home town to seek shelter in New York.
19．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．God is toying with him. B．God is taking him under his wing.
C．He is at the mercy of God. D．He can’t break away from God.
20．What would most likely happen to Deo later
A．Selling coffee beans in New York.
B．Turning to Jean’s father for help.
C．Being reduced to a beggar in the street.
D．Making a living in New York with Muhammad’s help.
阅读理解专练439
（2022·上海·模拟预测）Gone are the days when a mother’s place was in the home: in Britain women with children are now as likely to be in paid work as their unburdened sisters. Many put their little darlings in day care long before they start school. Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. Inspectors call not only at nurseries but also at homes where youngsters are minded; three-year-olds follow the national curriculum. Child care has increasingly become a profession.
For years after the government first began in 2001 to twist the arms of anyone who looked after an unrelated child to register with the schools, the numbers so doing fell. Kind but clueless neighbours stopped looking after little ones, who were instead herded into formal nurseries or handed over to one of the ever-fewer registered child-minders. The decline in the number of people taking in children now appears to have halted. According to data released by the Office for Standards in Education on October 27th, the number of registered child-minders reached its lowest point in September 2010 and has since recovered slightly.
The new lot are certainly better qualified. In 2010 fully 82% of nursery workers held diplomas notionally equivalent to A-levels, the university-entrance exams taken mostly by 18-year-olds, up from 56% seven years earlier, says Anand Shukla of the Daycare Trust, a charity. Nurseries staffed by university graduates tend to be rated highest by inspectors, increasing their appeal to the pickiest parents. As a result, more graduates are being recruited.
But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. A survey by the Daycare Trust finds that a full-time nursery place in England for a child aged under two, who must be intensively supervised, costs 194 ($310) per week, on average. Prices in London and the south-east are far higher. Parents in Britain spend more on child care than anywhere else in the world, according to the OECD, a think-tank. Some 68% of a typical second earner's net income is spent on freeing her to work, compared with an OECD average of 52%.
The price of child care is not only eye-watering, but has also become a barrier to work. Soon after it took power the coalition government pledged to ensure that people are better off in work than on benefits, but a recent survey by Save the Children, a charity, found that the high cost of day care prevented a quarter of low-paid workers from returning to their jobs once they had started a family. The government pays for free part-time nursery places for three-and four-year-olds, and contributes towards day-care costs for younger children from poor areas. Alas, extending such an aid during stressful economic times would appear to be anything but child’s play.
21．Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph
A．Nursery education plays a leading role in one’s personal growth.
B．Pregnant women have to work to lighten families’ economic burden.
C．Children in nursery have to take uniform nation courses.
D．The supervision of the state makes child care professional.
22．It can be learned from Paragraph 2 and 3 that ________.
A．the registered child-minders are required to take the university-entrance exams
B．the number of registered child-minders has been declining since 2001
C．anyone who looks after children at home must register with the schools
D．the growing recognition encourages more graduates to work as child-minders
23．The high price of child care ________.
A．prevents mothers from getting employed
B．may further depress the national economy
C．makes many families live on benefits
D．is far more than parents can afford
24．Which of the following would be the subject of the text
A．The professionalization of child care has pushed up its price.
B．The high cost of child nursing makes many mothers give up their jobs.
C．The employment of more graduates makes nurseries more popular.
D．Parents in Britain pay most for child nursing throughout the world.
阅读理解专练440
（2022·上海·模拟预测）Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two years, I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer relations”. I firmly believed that a friendly smile and an automatic “sir”, “ma’ma”, and “thank you” would see me through any situation that might arise, from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the wrong change. But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a simple and plain response could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with all kinds of customers.
The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled(蹒跚) down the nearest aisle. She coughed dryly, wheezing(气喘吁吁) with each breath. On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin sweater too small to button, and black slippers with the backs cut out to expose calloused(满是老茧的) heels. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined legs.
After wandering around the store for several minutes, the old woman stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and stared with a strange intensity at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and asked her if she needed help. As I stood close to her, my smile became harder to maintain; her red-rimmed eyes were partially closed by yellowish crusts(痂); her hands were covered with layer upon layer of dirt, and the stale(陈腐的) smell of sweat rose from clothes.
“I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you ”
“Are you looking for corn, ma’am ”
“I need some food,” she repeated, “Any kind.”
“Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice.
“I can’t pay,” she said.
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the best of you. Let them know that you are in control. For a moment, I even entertained the idea that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, and her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She shuffled(拖着脚走) past me toward the door, her torn and dirty clothing barely covering her bent back.
Moments after she left, I rushed out of the door with the can of corn, but she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman haunted(萦绕) me. I had been young, healthy and proud. She had been old, sick and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize how weak a hold we have on our better instincts.
25．How did the writer feel about his job at 7-Eleven before the old woman came
A．He was quite satisfied with his service manner.
B．He found room for improvement in developing customer relations.
C．He considered himself successful in dealing with all interpersonal relations.
D．He thought himself experienced after working in the store for two years.
26．The detailed account of the old woman is intended to show ________.
A．how she presented a sharp contrast to the other customers
B．how sick, poor and desperate for help she was
C．how she surprised the writer with her unusual appearance
D．how inappropriate it was for her to enter a place like this
27．What’s the meaning of the phrase “get the best of” according to the passage
A．To make the most of. B．To bring out the best of.
C．To win an advantage over. D．To bring into full play.
专题22.答案
阅读理解专练421
44．C
45．B
46．A
47．D
阅读理解专练422
5．B
6．C
7．C
8．A
阅读理解专练423
9．C
10．A
11．B
阅读理解专练424
12．B
13．C
14．D
阅读理解专练425
15．D
16．D
17．C
18．B
阅读理解专练426
19．A
20．A
21．C
22．C
阅读理解专练427
23．B
24．A
25．D
阅读理解专练428
26．B
27．D
28．A
阅读理解专练429
29．B
30．C
31．A
32．D
阅读理解专练430
33．D
34．B
35．C
36．C
阅读理解专练431
37．B
38．D
39．B
40．D
阅读理解专练432
41．A
42．C
43．C
44．B
阅读理解专练433
1．B
2．C
3．B
4．A
阅读理解专练434
5．D
6．B
7．C
阅读理解专练435
8．A
9．D
10．D
阅读理解专练436
11．A
12．D
13．D
阅读理解专练437
14．C
15．D
16．D
17．A
阅读理解专练438
18．D
19．B
20．D
阅读理解专练439
21．D
22．D
23．A
24．A
阅读理解专练440
25．A
26．B
27．C
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