专题19 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题19.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练361
（2022·四川绵阳·三模）The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked my students how they would define science, many of them replied that it’s an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties.
Actually, doubt and science often go hand in hand. Science, when properly functioning, questions accepted understandings and brings both new knowledge and new questions —not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions
As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge accepted understandings. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence arises from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are temporary understandings that involve the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding. Certainties, reassuring as they may seem, prevent the scientific process.
Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite misconceptions (误解). The first is a form of blind scientism—a belief that science is unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems. Such an idealized representation actually ignores the universal existence of controversy, conflict and error at the very heart of the scientific world.
29．What’s the real power of science according to the author
A．It provides solid solutions. B．It defends accepted understandings.
C．It discovers certainties about the world. D．It keeps bringing questions and challenges.
30．What does the underlined word “reassuring” probably mean
A．Disappointing. B．Surprising. C．Comforting. D．Challenging.
31．What may be the belief of the second misconception
A．Science is unchallengeable and a cure-all. B．Science is unreliable and of little use.
C．Science is objective but impractical. D．Science is doubtful but useful.
32．What can be the best title for the text
A．Why Is Doubt Vital to Science B．Why Should We Trust Scientists
C．What Is the Weakness of Science D．What Is Scientists’ Responsibility
阅读理解专练362
（2022·安徽·三模）By being able to nail for belle food, cuttlefish showed self-control that's linked to the higher intelligence. It was part of an experiment by Alex Schnell from the University of Cambridge and colleagues. “What surprised me most was the level of self-control shown by cuttlefish. ” she tells Weekend Edition.
The experiment was essentially a take on the classic “marshmallow” experiment from the1960s. In that experiment, young children were presented with one marshmallow and told that if they can resist eating it for several minutes, they will get two marshmallows. But if they eat it, that's all they get. The children who are able to delay gratification do better on tests and are more successful later in life.
To adapt the experiment for cuttlefish, the researchers first figured out the cuttlefish's favorite food: live grass shrimp; and their second-favorite food: a piece of king prawn. Instead of choosing one or two marshmallows, the cuttlefish had to choose either their favorite food or second-favorite food. Each of the food items were placed in clear chambers within their tank. One chamber would open immediately, while the other chamber would only open after a delay. It essentially tested whether they could resist the temptation （诱惑） of their second preference food and wait for their preferred food.
The cuttlefish learned to wait. “Animals like rats and pigeons find it difficult to resist temptation, only waiting for several seconds, ” Schnell says, “while animals such as chimpanzees and parrots show more advanced self-control and wail up to several minutes. And the cuttlefish in our study waited up to between 50 to 130 seconds. ”
Animals that are able to exercise self-control in this way have advantages. For example, animals can hide food to eat later. In cuttlefish, Schnell thinks the delayed gratification relates to their lifestyle. “Individuals who wait for better-quality prey could find food more efficiently and limit their exposure to predators. ”Schnell writes.
33．Why does the writer mention the experiment conducted in the 1960s
A．To highlight the intelligence of humans.
B．To offer statistics to the experiment for cuttlefish.
C．To show the differences between humans and animals.
D．To provide supporting background information for the following experiment.
34．What can we learn about the experiment for cuttlefish from the passage
A．The chamber with cuttlefish's favorite food wouldn’t open instantly.
B．The cuttlefish had to choose between the food they liked and the food they disliked.
C．Cuttlefish could not wait to eat their favourite food immediately.
D．The food were put at the same place for cuttlefish to choose from.
35．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Cuttlefish is probably born with the ability to resist temptation.
B．It is a disadvantage for animals to exercise too much self-control.
C．Cuttlefish may be less intelligent than Chimpanzees.
D．We must take immediate measures to protect cuttlefish.
36．Where can we most probably read this text
A．In a personal diary.
B．In a travel magazine.
C．In a science report.
D．In a geography textbook.
阅读理解专练363
（2022届贵州省黔东南州高三一模联考）
Researchers from London’s Queen Mary University studied how participants were affected by pollution based on where they live. In the journal Circulation on Friday, the scientists revealed that air pollution can harm the heart to the point where it resembles (类似) the early stages of heart failure.
According to Emory Healthcare, deaths have decreased around 12 percent per decade on average over the past 50 years, but 287,000 people die frorn heart failure each year. There are more hospitalizations from heart failure each year than all cancers combined.
In this study, the scientists examined information from 4,000 participants that were in the UK Biobank study. Volunteers had blood tests, health scans and heart MRIs, which measured the function, size and weight of their hearts. They also recorded their lifestyle, health record and where they’ve lived.
The team found participants had larger right and left ventricles (心室) in the heart when they lived closer to busy roads and were exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NOz), which enters the air when fuel is burned. The right and left ventricles are crucial for pumping blood. They were healthy but resembled the ventricles in early-stage heart failure. The scientists found that the higher the exposure to the pollutants, the greater the changes in the heart.
“Air pollution should be seen as a modifiable risk factor,” Dr. Nay Aung, who led the data analysis of the study, said in a statemnent from Queen Mary University. “The public all need to be aware of their exposure when they think about their heart health, just like they think about their blood pressure and their weight.”
Professor Jeremy Pearson, Associate Medical Director at the British Heart Foundation said in the statement from Queen Mary University, “We can’t expect people to move home to avoid air pollution, so government and public bodies must act right now to make all areas safe and protect the population from these harm.”
24. What is the finding of the study
A. Air pollution causes many people to die.
B. People have big problems of heart health.
C. People’s houses have a great effect on the heart.
D. Air pollution makes our hearts at risk of heart failure.
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about heart failure
A. It can be cured easily. B. It remains a serious threat.
C. It’s the most common illness. D. It causes people to suffer cancers.
26. What did the team find on the participants exposed to air pollution
A. They had many health problems. B. Their ventricles worked better.
C. Their hearts were out of danger. D. The size of their hearts was bigger.
27. Which of the following is Dr. Nay Aung’s suggestion
A. Moving to safer areas. B. Living far away from crowds.
C. Taking notice of air pollution. D. Taking blood pressure regularly.
阅读理解专练364
（押考向-自然环保）
Topher White spends a lot of time walking in the forest and thinking about how quickly we’re losing it. He is making an effort to stop global deforestation (滥伐). Founder of the San Francisco— based Nonprofit Rainforest Connection, White has developed a simple but ingenious strategy: using old cell phones to listen for the sound of destruction.
Forests are disappearing worldwide and fast, which not only harms wildlife, including many species that live nowhere else, but also contributes to climate change. “I didn’t know any of this stuff when I started,” says White, who began his journey in 2011, when he traveled to Indonesian Borneo to help decreasing gibbons (长臂猿).
Between 50 and 90 percent of the logging (采伐) that happens in the world’s rain forests is illegal, according to White, yet detecting that activity can be tough. So he has developed a system in which he uses a cell phone staying charged by solar cells and an extra microphone. From there, the device can detect the sounds of chainsaws (电锯) nearly a mile away.
Because it’s unfeasible to have people listening to the devices all the time, he added some “old-school data analysis,” so that the cell phone’s computers can distinguish a chainsaw’s sound from others in the forest. This way, his device can automatically detect logging activity and send a text alert to authorities who can determine if it’s illegal and then stop it.
So far, his monitoring system has been used in Cameroon, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil and will soon be deployed in Bolivia. It’s not just about listening for logging. Also, it can pick out the sounds of specific birds, which is why White sees the forest recordings as a potential science tool. He is urging biologists and ecologists to use his monitoring system anywhere, whether it’s a remote forest or a park in London. “The more we learn about these places,” he says, “the easier it will be to protect them.”
24. What made Topher White decide to stop global deforestation
A. The problem of global climate change.
B. The association of Nonprofit Rainforest Connection.
C. The experience of travelling to Indonesian Borneo in 2011.
D. The desire to find new uses for old cell phones.
25. What does the underlined word “unfeasible” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Impractical. B. Unwilling. C. Impassive. D. Unnecessary.
26. In Topher White’s opinion, we can protect nature more easily through ______.
A. updating advanced technology B. our better understanding of it
C. developing strong teamwork spirit D. growing environmental awareness
27. What could be the best title for the text
A. A Creative Way Is Used to Protect Wildlife
B. Measures Should Be Taken to Preserve Nature
C. Forests Are Disappearing Worldwide
D. Your Old Cell Phones Can Help Save the Rain Forest
阅读理解专练365
2.（2022届云南省保山市高三第一次教学质量监测英语考试）
According to the UN report, nearly 54 million tons of e-waste was generated around the world in 2019. It includes everything from phones and computer monitors to larger items like refrigerators and old fax machines.
Rwanda is one of only 13 countries in Africa that have passed a national law regarding e-waste rule. It has led to the first official recycling and reusing facility in the country. Operational since early last year, this public-private partnership between the government and Enviroserve became a source of pride for Rwanda. The plant can process up to 10,000 tons of e-waste per year. According to managing director Olivier Mbera, Enviroserve has already repaired and reused more than 5,000 computers, which were sold to public schools. To date, it has processed more than 4,000 tons of e-waste and created more than 600 jobs.
Conveyor belts （传送带） sort plastics from metals, while particular space collects phosphor（磷）from old tube TVs. Circuit boards（电路板）pile up in bags and batteries are constantly being tested. Every piece of e-waste is thoroughly collected or pressed. The dangerous materials which can poison the environment are separated from the valuable ones.
“Globally, waste is not only increasing in quantity, but also in its complexity and composition,” says
Okechukwu Daniel Ogbonnaya, country representative for Rwanda at the Global Green Growth Institute, an intergovernmental organization for sustainable（可持续的）economic growth, “Within an electronic device, there’s gold, silver and so on and these sorts of elements could be taken out, providing new business opportunities for small businesses and even for big cities to generate income. Rwanda is one of our earliest pioneer members and they’ve done really well when it comes to its shift to a green growth pathway,” he adds.
Mbera points to Enviroserve’s success in Rwanda as a potential beginning for an e-waste movement across Africa, “We’re talking with different governments in Africa to establish similar facilities in their countries,” he says. One thing is certain: it will take all nations to combat the growing e-waste crisis.
24. What can we know about e-waste recycling facility in Rwanda
A. It is the first plant to reuse e-waste in Africa.
B. It is managed entirely by the government.
C. It has already processed 10,000 tons of e-waste.
D. It manages e-waste in an eco-friendly way.
25. What can be inferred according to Okechukwu Daniel Ogbonnaya
A. Electronic devices are made of gold and silver.
B. E-waste can contain potential treasure.
C. Simple electronic devices are in great need.
D. Rwanda is the only nation to recycle e-waste.
26. Which word can replace the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 5
A. Create. B. Handle. C. Discover. D. Reach.
27. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Rwanda is coping with the rising e-waste crisis.
B. Lots of electronic devices are wasted in the world.
C. A great deal of e-waste is poisoning the environment.
D. E-waste is increasing in complexity and composition.
阅读理解专练366
3.（押素材-新冠疫情）
In their letters to Santa Claus, most kids ask for toys, dolls or maybe a new Xbox. All Jonah Simons wanted was a coronavirus cure to save the world. That was last year. This holiday season, the 10-year-old Florida boy is back with a different request for Santa.
“Dear Santa, it’s Jonah. Do you remember me I was the one who asked for a covid cure,” he wrote in a letter addressed to the North Pole and shared with CNN. “Thank you so much for the vaccine! You helped save lives. This year, can I please have a Santa costume to spread your joy around the world ”
With a relentless virus and threats of the Omicron variant still plaguing a weary nation, Jonah has big plans for the Santa suit. “I want to wear it and go around the neighborhood and spread Santa’s joy, asking people what they want for Christmas,” the fifth-grader said.
Jonah turned 10 in July, and instead of gifts he asked his family and friends to donate to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. His birthday effort raised $1,000 in donations from family and friends all over—even his favorite employees at the local Publix store, his mother says.
He also marked his birthday by donating his hair to Locks of Love, the charity that makes wigs for kids with cancer or other medical conditions. During a year of lockdown, he teamed up with some friends and grew out his hair to nine inches.
Jonah’s good deeds are not limited to birthdays. He works to help his community all year, including donating and sorting food for the homeless with the organization Feeding South Florida, and packing holiday gifts for children.
24. What does Jonah want as a Christmas gift this year
A. A covid cure. B. Toys and dolls.
C. Anew Xbox. D. A Santa suit.
25. Which one of the following doesn’t belong to the good behaviour of Jonah
A. Donating his hair to a charity.
B. Sending his birthday gifts to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital.
C. Wrapping holiday gifts for kids.
D. Contributing food to the homeless.
26. Which of the following best describes Jonah
A. Kind and courageous. B. Generous and brave.
C. Caring and helpful. D. Friendly and innocent.
27. What can we infer from the passage
A. Jonah didn’t realize his wish last year.
B. The coronavirus is still not under complete control.
C. Jonah raised $1,000 from his family and friends all over.
D. Jonah wants to wear a Santa suit and go around the neighborhood and spread Santa’s joy.
阅读理解专练367
4．（2022届贵州省贵阳市高三适应性一模英语试题）
Who do you count as your friends From our BFF to a workmate, it’s good to have someone to draw the fat with or offer comfort and support. But the recent lockdown we have endured has made of us question our friendships. We’ve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances. But do we actually have to restart every relationship we once had It might be time to take stock and think about who you kept in touch with, who you missed talking to, and who you didn’t. In short, maybe it’s time to reset your list of real mates.
There’s no obligation to stay friends. Bryan Lufkin says, “While people have known for years that friendships are unquestionably good for your health, experts say it’s only natural for acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on.”
Of course, it can be hard to choose who’s in your friendship circle. This is what Suzanne Degges-White, professor of counselling at Northern Illinois University, calls our “friendscape”. She says. “In life, as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us.”
So, changing friends is normal, but we still need those special pals who have known us long term. These are friendships we invest time in. These are your inner circle of friends—your “shoulders to cry on”—and you have to see them at least once a week to keep them in that circle. The friends that do drift are mostly “friendships of convenience”. But the advice for maintaining a good friendship is to share how you feel with someone you trust—this can help strengthen your friendship as well as giving you both a chance to support each other.
24. What could we do about friendships in the recent lockdown
A. Recover our friendships.
B. Reflect on our friendships.
C. Develop new friendships.
D. Put an end to our friendships.
25. What do Bryan Lufkin’s words mean
A. Some friendships will not necessarily stay for life.
B. Some friendships might not be good for our health.
C. True friendships will surely survive the long years.
D. True friendships develop naturally as time goes by.
26. Who would most probably stay in our friendship circle
A. Friends at the same life stages.
B. Friends with the same interests.
C. Friends always staying around.
D. Friends living in neighboring areas.
27. What does the author suggest we do in the last paragraph
A. Cry on our friends’ shoulders. B. Change inner circle friends.
C. Devote time to true friendships. D. Suit our friends’ conveniences.
阅读理解专练368
（押考法-猜词推断题和主旨细节题）
Companies in New Zealand are working with American creators of some of Hollywood’s most famous creatures to develop animatronic dolphins that look almost the same with their living counterparts.
A robotic dolphin that can nod an answer to a child might sound unappealing. But as marine parks around the world face increasing pressure to abandon exhibitions featuring real whales and dolphins, the creatures provide an appealing alternative, their creators say.
But with a price tag of about NZ$40m ( 20.8m) per dolphin, the biggest obstacle for the creators of the animatronic creatures is proving to potential clients that the robotic sea creatures will work out to be cheaper in the long run than the real thing.
Li Wang, a business developer for Edge Innovation, the New Zealand-based company making the case for the robots, said they do cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last longer.
Melanie Langlotz, one of the managers behind the project said, the robotic dolphin can’t be distinguished from the real thing. A test audience had been unable to guess the dolphin was not real, she added.
Animal rights advocates also welcomed the change. They hoped robotic dolphins would replace real ones in marine parks worldwide.
In nature, dolphins swim up to 40 miles a day and live in close family groups, but in captivity they were confined to concrete pools filled with chemically treated water and forced to interact with strangers. In the near future, cutting-edge technology might allow us to experience nature without harming it.
24. Why will animatronic dolphins be developed
A. To attract children. B. To make a higher profit.
C. To protect real dolphins. D. To show the advance of technology.
25. What can we know about robotic dolphins according to the text
A. They look different from the real ones.
B. They are appealing to marine parks as well as children.
C. They would have a shorter lifespan compared to real ones.
D. They would be more expensive but survive longer than real ones.
26. Why does the author mention real dolphins in the last paragraph
A. To stress the significance of robotic dolphins.
B. To inform us of bad conditions of dolphins in captivity.
C. To clarify why dolphins live better in natural environment.
D. To suggest that we should improve the living conditions of dolphins.
27. What’s the best title for the passage
A. Dolphins: cute animals to play with
B. Robot dolphins: a costly but worthy alternative
C. Robot dolphins: an attractive and affordable tool
D. Advanced technologies benefit the environment
阅读理解专练369
（2022届山西省吕梁市高三上学期第一次模拟英语考试）
After you finish your fries, eat the ketchup packet. When you add your pasta to boiling waler, put the bag into the pot, too. If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven’t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging. Notpla design director Karlijn Sibbel says they look lo nature as inspiration for the ideal packaging like the skin on a fruit. “A peel will eventually be used as nutrients by nature, and disappear and become a part of the cycle.” she said.
According to the UN, 9.15 billion tons of plastic has been produced since the early 1950s, and about 60% has been land-filled or abandoned outdoors. Micro-plastics, which are often the result of larger plastics breaking down, pollute the ocean, the air and our bodies. Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful. In the US, some places have taken action: New York banned most plastic shopping bags, and in Miami Beach, plastic straws have been outlawed. “Overseas, the European Union put a broad ban on single-use plastics into effect this summer.” the government announced in August.
Notpla’s founders, Rodrigo Garoia González and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops.” Sibbel explained. There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. Seaweed doesn’t use land; it doesn’t use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in.
“As they scale up, Notpla’s team hopes seaweed could replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more broadly.” Sibbel said. But with the volume of plastics used around the world, she understands the enormity(巨大)of such a task. “I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything, but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.” she said.
24. What does the author mainly talk about in the first paragraph
A. The tasty food made from seaweed such as pasta.
B. Common functions of seaweed.
C. The famous company called Notpla.
D. Plastic packaging made from seaweed.
25. What can be learned about plastic pollution and solutions from the passage
A. Micro-plastics can only be found in the sea.
B. The single-use plastics are considered avoidable by many experts.
C. More than half of the plastic produced has been land-filled.
D. The European Union and the US have completely slopped using single-use plastics.
26. Which is not the reason for the company’s founders turning to seaweed
A. It is pesticide-free.
B. It is easily accessible.
C. It can grow on land.
D. It can do good to the ocean.
27. Which word best describes Karlijn Sibbel’s attitude to the future use of seaweed
A. Optimistic. B. Uncertain.
C. Negative. D. Worried
阅读理解专练370
（2022届西安市阎、高、蓝、周四区县高三年级联考）
From the moment we wake up and check the messages on our smartphones, we’re exposed to text design. Throughout our day, storefronts and websites announce themselves, first and foremost, through the typefaces (字体) they use. For Adonian Chan, a 33-year-old graphic designer born in Hong Kong and co-founder of design company Trilingua, the different texts we encounter in our daily lives amount to what he calls a “visual landscape”.
In his hometown, signs written in traditional Chinese characters can be found around every corner. One calligraphy style, above all, has come to represent Hong Kong for Chan: Beiwei Kaishu, a dynamic way of writing that has its origins in 4th-century China. After World War I II, Beiwei Kaishu was used in Hong Kong signs, partly because it is highly legible, even from far distances. What sets Beiwei Kaishu apart from other Chinese writing styles is its unique construction, striking lines and unexpected angles, says Chan.
But with the appearance of computer-generated typefaces and LED signs, Chan says he observed that signs written in the style were disappearing from Hong Kong. As a consequence, few designers working today are aware of the Beiwei Kaishu style, he says.
In 2016,Chan asked Wong Gok Longa master of calligraphy in Hong Kong, to teach him to write in the Beiwei Kaishu style. Chan then started the process of digitizing the characters. He first wrote the characters on paper with a brush and ink, which gave him a sense of proportion. Next, he made a pencil sketch (素描). Finally, he recreated the characters digitally, using a computer program called Glyphs.
He has named his typeface Beiwei Zansyu and hopes it will eventually appear on phones and computers. “Chan’s effort is more than missing bygone eras — it’s reinterpreting and continuing our heritage (遗产) ins more contemporary life,” says Keith Tam, head of communication design at the Hong Kong Design Institute.
What does the underlined word “legible” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Original. B. Sensitive. C. Readable. D.Variable.
29. Why did Chan begin to learn to study Beiwei Kaishu
A. His talent for the writing style was spotted by a master.
B. He received an invitation to design a traditional sign.
C. His colleagues encouraged him to create a new style.
D. He found the writing style declined in Hong Kong.
30. What’s Tam’s attitude to Chan’s work
A. Skeptical. B. Approving. C. Ambiguous. D. Uncaring.
31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. The art of digitizing ancient calligraphy
B. The difficulty in practicing calligraphy
C. Why should we observe tradition
D. How does text design influence our life
阅读理解专练371
（押考向-怀旧主题）
I grew up in libraries, or at least it feels that way. I was raised in the suburbs of Cleveland, just a few blocks from the brick-faced Bertram Woods branch of the Shaker Heights Public Library system. I went there several times a week with my mother. She and I would walk in together, but as soon as we passed through the door, we each headed towards our favorite sections. The library might have been the first place I was ever given autonomy.
Even when I was maybe four or five years old, I was allowed to head off on my own. Then, after a while, my mother and I would reunite at the checkout counter with our finds. Together we'd wait as the librarian pulled out the date card and stamped it with the checkout machine — that giant fist thumping the card with a loud chunk-chunk, printing a crooked due date underneath a score of previous crooked due dates that belonged to other people, other times.
Those visits were dreamy, frictionless (没有摩擦的) periods that held the promise of leaving me richer than I'd arrived. It wasn't like going to a store with my mom, which guaranteed a tug-of-war between what I wanted and what my mother was willing to buy me; in the library, I could have anything I wanted.
After we had finished checking out the books, I loved being in the car and having all the books we'd gotten stacked on my lap, pressing me under their solid, warm weight, their Mylar covers sticking a bit to my thighs. It was such a thrill leaving a place with things you hadn't paid for; such a thrill expecting the new books we would read. On the ride home, my mother and I talked about the order in which we were going to read our books, a serious conversation in which we planned how to pace ourselves through this charmed period of grace until the books were due.
When I was older, I usually walked to the library by myself, lugging back as many books as I could carry. Occasionally, I did go with my mother, and the trip would be as engaging as it had been when I was small. Even when I was in my last year of high school and could drive myself to the library, my mother and I still went together every now and then, and the trip unfolded exactly as it had when I was a child, with all the same beats and pauses and comments and daydreaming, the same perfect rhythm we'd followed so many times before. After my mother passed away two years ago, I plunged into a deep shadow of grief for a long time. When I miss my mother these days, I like to picture us in the car together, going for one more magnificent trip to Bertram Woods, during which we talked, laughed — as if she were still in my company, giving me inexhaustible strength.
28. In this passage, the word “autonomy” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. vitality B. freedom
C. inspiration D. entitlement
29. After the author and her mother left the library, ________.
A. they would plan to read their newly-borrowed books with feverish enthusiasm
B. they would have a serious conversation about which book attracted them the most
C. they would be anxious to recommend to each other the books they had borrowed
D. they would agree on buying the books they had just borrowed if they enjoyed them
30. How does the author feel when she imagines herself in the car with her mother on the way to the library
A. Grieved. B. Shocked.
C. Miserable. D. Comforted.
31. What would the author most likely go on to write about in the paragraphs immediately following the last paragraph of this article
A. One specific memory of a childhood trip to the library.
B. The fond childhood memories of her mother taking good care of her.
C. How her affection for going to the library has endured into her own motherhood.
D. Why her own child made up their mind to become a librarian after finishing college.
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2.（2022届新疆乌鲁木齐地区高三第一次质量监测英语试题）
For the past three decades, Richard Sears, 71, has been focused on one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.
His interest in Chinese language and characters goes back to 1972, when he was a 22-year-oldphysics major at Portland State University in Oregon. “I realized only 7 percent of the world speak English as a mother tongue. So, I wanted to know what it was like to speak another language.” By1990, Sears was already pretty fluent in Chinese, but he did not know how to read. To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes and almost no apparent logic.
“I’m a physicist, so I don’t like blind memorization in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs (象形文字) and I wanted to know the stories behind the Chinese characters.” As he studied, Sears realized quickly that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. In order to pick out the good ones, he decided to computerize the characters. He scanned about 96,000 ancient characters.
The database of ancient characters came into being, but he wanted to explain the step-by-step evolvement of these characters from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms. He finally got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology (词源), where visitors can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms. Between 2002 and 2011, the website would get 11,000 or 15,000 hits a day. Suddenly, in January 2011, clicks to the website went up to600,000 in one day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname given by Chinese netizens, after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media.
In addition to the website, in September last year, Sears set up his studio, focusing on applying AR, animation and artificial intelligence to telling stories of Chinese culture and character origins, in Nanjing as part of the local authority’s plan to cultivate talent in the culture sector. “They have both entertainment value for young Chinese and educational value and can teach the origins of Chinese characters,” he says. “We also want to make videos with a high educational value for other platforms both for Chinese and foreign learners of Chinese characters.”
28. What do we know about Richard Sears
A. He learned Chinese to improve his physics.
B. He has made an exploration into Chinese characters.
C. He was fluent in reading Chinese from the beginning.
D. He was concerned about the spread of his mother tongue.
29. What does the underlined word “ones” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Explanations. B. Characters.
C. Pictographs. D. Languages.
30. What can be inferred about Sears’ website
A. It has made a big profit from netizens visiting it.
B. It gained popularity shortly after being established.
C. It focuses on the simplification of Chinese characters.
D. It brings the evolvement of Chinese characters to the public.
31. Which of the following can best describe Richard Sears
A. Enthusiastic and devoted. B. Wise but careless.
C. Ambitious and humorous. D. Generous but stubborn.
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3.（押素材-科技VS自然）
Android phones will be used to sense earthquakes around the world and may one day be able to provide global warnings, with the first mass alert system coming into use on August 11 in California, Google announced.
Google, which helped develop Android, worked with California and the US Geological Survey to build the quake alerts into all phones that run the common mobile operating system. Android users who have enabled location services and are near a quake of magnitude 4.5 or greater will receive a full-screen earthquake warning telling them to drop to the floor and seek cover. The screen also will provide estimates of the quake's magnitude and distance from the user. Depending on their distance from a quake, people could get several seconds or perhaps a minute of warning.
Users won't need to download California's My Shake app in order to receive the alerts. That application, developed by the University of California, Berkeley and launched last year, has been downloaded by only about 1 million of California's 40 million residents. By contrast, many millions of people own Android phones.
“This announcement means that California's world-class earthquake early warning system will be a standard function on every Android phone-giving millions precious seconds to drop, cover and hold on when the big one hits,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement. IPhone users won't receive the alerts through Apple’s operating system, but they can download the MyShake app.
Also, Google announced that Android phones would begin detecting earthquakes from around the world through their motion-sensing accelerometers. “Your Android phone can be a mini-seismometer（地震仪），joining millions of other Android phones out there to form the world’s largest earthquake detection network,” according to a Google blog post. More than 2 billion devices run the Android operating system. Hundreds of millions of people live in earthquake-prone areas. But many countries lack the resources to build detection and alert systems, Google said. The information will be used at first to provide fast and accurate information on Google Search. But Google said it could begin sending out earthquake alerts next year.
28. If an earthquake hits the US, who won't receive the earthquake warning
A. Android users who haven't downloaded the MyShake app.
B. IPhone users who have downloaded the MyShake app.
C. IPhone users who haven't downloaded the MyShake app.
D. Android users who have downloaded the MyShake app.
29.What can we learn from the text
A. Millions of people have downloaded the MyShake app.
B. The earthquake early warning system will be of great help.
C. Google has already sent out earthquake alerts since last year.
D. Over 2 billion devices run the Apple operating system.
30.What will globalize Google's earthquake detection network
A. New technology developed by Google. B. The large number of Android phone users.
C. Motion-sensing accelerometers. D. The newly developed MyShake app.
31.What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To share a new MyShake app. B. To promote Android phones.
C. To make Google known to the world. D. To introduce a new function of Android phones.
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4．（2022届云南省昆明市“三诊一模”高三复习教学质量检测）
Many of us have dreams of being our own boss and starting our own businesses, and one woman has been able to make her dreams a reality with the help of a complete change of lifestyle.
Catherine White, 46, spent her teenage years washing cars in order to make ends meet and now she owns a 20 million business empire. Speaking to the Manchester Evening News, she said, “My childhood was so unstable, so I always wanted and needed to be independent. I didn't believe working for someone else gave me that and my future would still rely on someone else.”
At 24, Catherine started her. first business from a desk in her sister's art school but she was struggling with a panic disorder at the time and would find comfort in junk food, which led her to follow an unhealthy lifestyle. After the company reached a steady point a few years later, she decided to go travelling and in the process, completely changed her outlook on life. The woman said the “dramatic change” of scenery helped her mental health significantly, and she was even able to cut junk food out of her diet - dropping her from a size 24 to a size 12 by the time she returned to the UK. And the business mogul（大亨）believes changing her lifestyle also helped her succeed in her career as she is no longer scared of making decisions or speaking in public.
This year, Catherine aims to grow one of the companies under her Freedom Services Group umbrella, Stella Insurance. She set it up in Australia for women. With each deal, the business donates $5 to a charity, and plans are underway to launch in the UK.
The now-millionaire said, “In my wildest dreams, I wouldn't have thought it could become the size that it has.”
28. Why did Catherine decide to set up her own business
A. To accumulate work experience. B. To make donations to a charity.
C. To depend on herself in the future. D. To raise money for her illness.
29. What can we learn about Catherine from the text
A. She used to be addicted to junk food. B. She was offered a job in an art school.
C. She was good at speaking in public. D. She set up Stella Insurance in the UK.
30. Which words best describe Catherine as a businesswoman now
A.Talented and energetic. B. Successful and caring.
C. Ambitious and cautious. D. Brave and imaginative.
31. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A.Well begun is half done. B. Details determine success or failure.
C. Interest is the best teacher. D. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
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（押考法-推断题和细节题）
The time a person spends on different smartphone apps is enough to identify them from a larger group in more than one in three cases, say researchers.
Researchers analyzed smartphone data from 780 people. They fed 4,680 days of app usage data into statistical models. Each of these days was paired with one of the 780 users so that the models learned people’s daily app use patterns.
The researchers then tested whether models could identify an individual when provided with only a single day of smartphone activity that was anonymous (匿名的). The models, which were trained on only six days of app usage data per person, could identify the correct person from a day of anonymous data one third of the time.
That might not sound like much, but when the models predict who the data belonged to, it could also provide a list of the most to the least likely candidates. It was possible to view the top 10 most likely individuals that a specific day of data belonged to. Around 75% of the time, the correct user would be among the top 10 most likely candidates.
In practical terms, a law enforcement (执法机构) investigation seeking to identify a criminal’s new phone with these models could reduce a candidate pool of approximately 1,000 phones to 10 phones, with a 25% risk of missing them.
Consequently, the researchers warn that software given access to a smartphone’s standard activity logging could make a reasonable prediction about a user’s identity even when they were logged-out of their account. An identification is possible without monitoring conversations or behaviors within apps themselves.
Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that app usage data alone, which is often collected by a smartphone automatically, can potentially reveal a person’s identity. While providing new opportunities for law enforcement, it also poses risks to privacy if this type of data is misused.
28. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To explain a phenomenon.
B. To confirm an assumption.
C. To show a research process.
D. To present a research finding.
29. How did the researchers reach their conclusion
A. By recording app use time.
B. By studying app usage data.
C. By comparing different apps.
D. By changing app use patterns.
30. What is the function of the statistical models
A. Locating criminals.
B. Tracking usage of apps.
C. Identifying phone users.
D. Predicting trends of apps.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards app usage data
A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Uninterested.
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（2022届江西省上饶市高三第一次模拟英语考试）
During the spring break, my daughter, Lucy, was offered the opportunity to go to Thailand with Adventures Cross-Country (ARCC) on a summer adventure that combined community service with some unique, amazing actually, travel opportunities.
Less than 24 hours after landing in, they squeezed in their first service project, teaching and volunteering in a local school, before hopping on a night train to Chiang Mai. From there they boarded open-air bus-like trucks and bumped their way along rough dirt roads for a couple of hours, leaving their comfort zones behind before reaching the Village Hill Tribe.
Surrounded by rice fields, the teenagers taught English and poured the cement floor of a library in the making. Their home away from home was a village classroom. Tables and chairs were pushed aside to clear floor space for the kids to sleep at night. There were bugs of the flying and crawling variety. There were no flush (冲水) toilets. Showers were accomplished by filling a bucket with a plastic pipe and hanging it over your head. When my home phone rang about a week after she left, there were no complaints but the shower, in her words, “was the best thing that ever happened to me.” There aren’t many folks, let alone teenagers, that can rough it in those conditions, do community service work that involves hard labor, and most impressively, still be smiling at the end of the day.
Experiences like this can’t be gained by reading books or searching the Internet. They’ve learned by traveling and doing. She learned how to lay a cement floor without the luxury of any fancy equipment. All of the teenagers learned that people, themselves included, can do great things when they put their minds to it.
28. How was Lucy’s journey to the Village Hill Tribe
A. Lonely. B. Dangerous.
C. Uncomfortable. D. Relaxing.
29. Where did the young volunteers sleep
A. On the classroom floor. B. In a newly-built library.
C. On tables put together. D. Next to the shower room.
30. How does the author feel about Lucy’s experiences
A. They are terribly bad B. They are quite beneficial
C. They are hardly imagined D. They can be unbearable
31. What is the text mainly about
A. An unforgettable traveling experience.
B. A mother, who is proud of her daughter.
C. A girl, who is persistent and determined.
D. A volunteer experience in a Thai schoo
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（2022届北京市顺义区高三下学期二模英语考试试题）
An economist, Adam Smith, famously wrote that “it is not from the benevolence (慈善)of the butcher, the brewer or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own self-interest.” Like Smith, many economists today believe that one’s self-interest is what drives competition and growth in market economies. Yet, in an increasingly interconnected society, it is even more crucial to have collaborative skills. Thus we should encourage cooperation to better prepare children for the future.
Firstly, in the present age marked by the transformative potential of technology to facilitate interactions, cooperation is an especially prized soft skill to have. As a research study proves, soft skills such as good communication and empathy consist of qualitative indicators of outstanding employees as compared to technical skills or knowledge. In contrast, excessively (过分地)competitive and individualistic behaviour may fracture social relations in the community of co-workers and since no man is an island, even the most competent employee will not be able to pursue his goals effectively without the help of others who are able to share a common vision and understanding.
Moreover, encouraging cooperation increase a healthy sense of self-esteem in children that better prepares them for the competitive working world. Many modern societies today are consumed by an obsessive drive for success and the pressure to perform has infiltrated both classrooms and offices alike. The consequences of the fierce competitive culture include higher rates of anxiety and depression among university students and office workers, which are all counterproductive. Teamwork can help a maturing individual realise that each has his or her own unique set of abilities to bring to the table and that another person’s strengths do not in any way diminish (降低)the value of his or her talents. Thus, cooperation can affirm the self-worth of children by correcting the violent insight that winning or paper achievement is an exclusive (唯一)measure of success in life.
However, critics may claim that in a cutthroat world, adapting to competition should be of supreme priority in education and parenting. To achieve one’s deepest ambitions, such as to become a medical student, or to create a tech start-up, one has to adopt competition by actively fighting for opportunities and distinguishing oneself from others. Nevertheless, since passion can already stimulate children to work hard to fulfill their ambitions, the need to encourage competition may be at the end of the day. As much as external competition can drive people to pursue excellence, internal motivation is at least equally or arguably even more essential, and collaboration plays an instrumental role in helping one uncover one’s tendency and motivations.
32. What can be inferred from Adam Smith’s words
A. Our society is increasingly interconnected.
B. Our dinner is made out of the regards to markets.
C. Self-interest pushes the development of economies.
D. The butcher, the brewer or the baker is not sympathy.
33. What does the underlined word “fracture” mean in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Deepen. B. Establish. C. Maintain. D. Damage.
34. Which of the following might the author agree with
A. Paper achievement is an exclusive measure of success.
B. Confidence and ambitions can be achieved through cooperation.
C. Actively fighting for distinguishing oneself is a healthy competition.
D. Competition is not essential for people to pursue excellence.
35. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage
A. To introduce parents the advantages of cooperation.
B. To inform parents to balance cooperation and competition.
C. To persuade parents to care about their children’s education.
D. To tell parents to encourage their children to learn to cooperate.
阅读理解专练378
（押考向-人类创新）
Human innovation (创新) has allowed people to explore space for decades. Within a space station, astronauts have enough air, food and water to complete missions of a year or longer without a resupply. But missions to further reaches of space are a different matter. Establishing a base on the moon or sending humans to Mars seems just on the horizon. That can only happen if innovative and foolproof ways are developed to supply humans with enough air, water and food.
One company, Interstellar Labs, has developed an advanced, closed loop system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space. They call their AI managed greenhouses BioPods and they are designed to be very efficient. In fact, Interstellar Labs claims that BioPods reduce the amount of land and water needed to produce food by 99 percent. That is not an impossible claim. BioPods don’t use any soil to grow plants, and the vast majority of water is recycled and recirculated.
Plants are grown inside BioPods using aeroponics, the practice of hanging plants in the air and spraying a mist of nutrient-rich water on their roots. By using aeroponics, the BioPod system carefully conserves water with amazing results. According to Interstellar labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more productive than traditionally grown plants, using only a small amount of water.
The conditions inside of a BioPod are controlled by AI, which can change anything from the lighting to the temperature and humidity to maximize growth. This optimizes (使最优化) growing conditions no matter what the environment is outside, including the emptiness of space.
The BioPods themselves can be built in almost any environment, too. The pod’s structure is made with a 3D printer using raw materials in liquid form. The inside part is sealed with an inflatable membrane (充气膜) that is also 3D-printed. This means that a BioPod could be built right on the surface of the moon or Mars, making transporting a large structure unnecessary.
Like most technology developed for space exploration, BioPods can also be used on Earth to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the harshest environments.
32. In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to____________.
A. present a topic B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion D. propose a definition
33. Which of the following best describes Biopods
A. They are widely used for space exploration.
B. They are highly productive and efficient greenhouses.
C. They are easy to operate without need for soil or water.
D. They are deigned to be used in harsh environments on Earth.
34. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Food Consumption in Space Station
B. Space Exploration with BioPods
C. Growing Food in Space Pods
D. 3D Printers Used in Space Lab
35. What is the writer’s attitude to the BioPod
A. Positive. B. Cautious.
C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
阅读理解专练379
2.（2022届广东省梅州市高三二模英语考试试题）
Professor Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian of the year, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. These little trash processors (处理器)—some as small as 500 square feet— house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with thermal technology. The new all-in -one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust.
In 2018 she launched the first microfactory, establishing a model of recycling that enables businesses and communities to develop commercial opportunities while addressing local waste problems. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented Microfactory technology. “The small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants. The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission journeys between recycling processors and manufacturing plants. With a microfactory, gone are the days of needing separate facilities to collect and store materials, extract (提取) elements and produce new products,” says Sahajwalla.
Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products-like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. Sahajwalla’s invention advances this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R,” adding “re -form” to the common phrase “reduce, reuse, recycle”.
Professor Veena Sahajwalla’s programs help to develop innovation and promote cooperation with industry, ensuring that sustainable materials and processes become commercially practical solutions for dealing with waste.
32. What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To introduce a new type of trash processor.
B. To introduce the process of recycling waste.
C. To prove the seriousness of the trash problem.
D. To show the current situation of trash recycling.
33. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A. The founding of waste microfactories.
B. The influences of waste microfactories.
C. The advantages of waste microfactories.
D. The shocking scale of waste microfactories.
34. What does “re-form” in Paragraph 3 refer to according to Sahajwalla
A. Extracting materials from the waste.
B. Generating new materials with waste.
C. Updating the whole recycling process.
D. Transforming waste into similar products.
35. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A fiction novel. B. A business report.
C. A science magazine. D. A chemical textbook.
阅读理解专练380
3.（押素材-创造力思维）
Psychologists who study creative accomplishments throughout the life cycle generally find that creativity peaks between the ages of mid to late 30s or early 40s.They tend to view creativity from the perspective of creative and innovative disciplines, rather than individual accomplishment. And they find little variation across different professions and disciplines of creativity and innovation, such as the arts and sciences.
At What Age Does Creativity Peak A new study shows that it counts on whether you are a conceptual or an experimental thinker.
But according to two economics professors at Ohio State University, that’s only part of the story. Their research, which looked at 31 Nobel Prize Winners in the field of economics and when they made their most significant contributions to the field, uncovered evidence of two peak cycles of individual creativity in the sciences, one that surfaces very early in some people’s careers, and another that, for others, rises up later in their lives. The difference between those who experience a peak in creativity during their mid twenties and those who are more likely to peak in their mid 50s, the researchers say, is in the type of creativity involved.
People who are conceptual innovators — those who think out of the box and challenge conventional wisdom — tend to come up with new ideas and innovations automatically and peak at an earlier age. Those creators who are more experimental — who build on their knowledge and accepted theories throughout their careers and ultimately find new and innovative ways to analyze that knowledge — tend to peak later in life.
Past research has shown that conceptual artists — poets, painters and novelists — who have clear and more immediate goals for their work, such as to communicate very specific and timely ideas or emotions, work in a different time frame than experimental artists, whose goals are less clear and less precise and who work through trial and error at a more gradual pace. Examples of conceptual innovators include Pablo Picasso, T.S. Eliot, Herman Melville, and Albert Einstein, all of whom contributed their most innovative work while they were young. Examples of experimental innovators include Paul Cezanne, Robert Frost, Virginia Woolf, and Charles Darwin.
The researchers believe that their findings on this view of creativity — that your most creative period is more a product of the type of creator you are and the nature of your work than of the particular field you are in — extend to other academic and scholarly disciplines as well. If you are a conceptual thinker, you are likely to be more creative when you are younger; if you are an experimental thinker, you are likely to do your most creative work when you are older, perhaps even past middle age. In theory, then, there are no limitations to creativity. You could end up doing your best work in your forties, fifties, sixties or even later.
32. What can affect the age of Creativity Peak
A. Different professions.
B. Different disciplines.
C. The type of research.
D. The type of thinker.
33. The persons who ________ will peak later in life.
A. challenge conventional wisdom
B. have immediate goals for their work
C. share specific and timely ideas
D. work through trial and error gradually
34. What can we conclude from the passage
A. An experimental thinker may be more innovative.
B. Creativity without limitations may peak at any age.
C. A scientist is more likely to do creative work than an artist.
D. The person who has less precise goals can do more creative work.
35. In writing this passage, the author aims to_________ .
A. reveal when the accomplishment peaks
B. analyze how to be more creative
C. explain the factors that influence creativity peaks
D. present the importance and limitations to creativity
专题19.答案
阅读理解专练361
29．D
30．C
31．B
32．A
阅读理解专练362
33．D
34．A
35．A
36．C
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【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C
阅读理解专练364
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
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【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A
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【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. B
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【答案】24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C
阅读理解专练368
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B
阅读理解专练369
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A
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【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A
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【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C
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【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A
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【答案】28. C 29. B 30. B 31. D
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【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D
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【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
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【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D
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【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D
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【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A
阅读理解专练379
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C
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【答案】32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C
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专题19.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练361
（2022·四川绵阳·三模）The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked my students how they would define science, many of them replied that it’s an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties.
Actually, doubt and science often go hand in hand. Science, when properly functioning, questions accepted understandings and brings both new knowledge and new questions —not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions
As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge accepted understandings. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence arises from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are temporary understandings that involve the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding. Certainties, reassuring as they may seem, prevent the scientific process.
Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite misconceptions (误解). The first is a form of blind scientism—a belief that science is unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems. Such an idealized representation actually ignores the universal existence of controversy, conflict and error at the very heart of the scientific world.
29．What’s the real power of science according to the author
A．It provides solid solutions. B．It defends accepted understandings.
C．It discovers certainties about the world. D．It keeps bringing questions and challenges.
30．What does the underlined word “reassuring” probably mean
A．Disappointing. B．Surprising. C．Comforting. D．Challenging.
31．What may be the belief of the second misconception
A．Science is unchallengeable and a cure-all. B．Science is unreliable and of little use.
C．Science is objective but impractical. D．Science is doubtful but useful.
32．What can be the best title for the text
A．Why Is Doubt Vital to Science B．Why Should We Trust Scientists
C．What Is the Weakness of Science D．What Is Scientists’ Responsibility
阅读理解专练362
（2022·安徽·三模）By being able to nail for belle food, cuttlefish showed self-control that's linked to the higher intelligence. It was part of an experiment by Alex Schnell from the University of Cambridge and colleagues. “What surprised me most was the level of self-control shown by cuttlefish. ” she tells Weekend Edition.
The experiment was essentially a take on the classic “marshmallow” experiment from the1960s. In that experiment, young children were presented with one marshmallow and told that if they can resist eating it for several minutes, they will get two marshmallows. But if they eat it, that's all they get. The children who are able to delay gratification do better on tests and are more successful later in life.
To adapt the experiment for cuttlefish, the researchers first figured out the cuttlefish's favorite food: live grass shrimp; and their second-favorite food: a piece of king prawn. Instead of choosing one or two marshmallows, the cuttlefish had to choose either their favorite food or second-favorite food. Each of the food items were placed in clear chambers within their tank. One chamber would open immediately, while the other chamber would only open after a delay. It essentially tested whether they could resist the temptation （诱惑） of their second preference food and wait for their preferred food.
The cuttlefish learned to wait. “Animals like rats and pigeons find it difficult to resist temptation, only waiting for several seconds, ” Schnell says, “while animals such as chimpanzees and parrots show more advanced self-control and wail up to several minutes. And the cuttlefish in our study waited up to between 50 to 130 seconds. ”
Animals that are able to exercise self-control in this way have advantages. For example, animals can hide food to eat later. In cuttlefish, Schnell thinks the delayed gratification relates to their lifestyle. “Individuals who wait for better-quality prey could find food more efficiently and limit their exposure to predators. ”Schnell writes.
33．Why does the writer mention the experiment conducted in the 1960s
A．To highlight the intelligence of humans.
B．To offer statistics to the experiment for cuttlefish.
C．To show the differences between humans and animals.
D．To provide supporting background information for the following experiment.
34．What can we learn about the experiment for cuttlefish from the passage
A．The chamber with cuttlefish's favorite food wouldn’t open instantly.
B．The cuttlefish had to choose between the food they liked and the food they disliked.
C．Cuttlefish could not wait to eat their favourite food immediately.
D．The food were put at the same place for cuttlefish to choose from.
35．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Cuttlefish is probably born with the ability to resist temptation.
B．It is a disadvantage for animals to exercise too much self-control.
C．Cuttlefish may be less intelligent than Chimpanzees.
D．We must take immediate measures to protect cuttlefish.
36．Where can we most probably read this text
A．In a personal diary.
B．In a travel magazine.
C．In a science report.
D．In a geography textbook.
阅读理解专练363
（2022届贵州省黔东南州高三一模联考）
Researchers from London’s Queen Mary University studied how participants were affected by pollution based on where they live. In the journal Circulation on Friday, the scientists revealed that air pollution can harm the heart to the point where it resembles (类似) the early stages of heart failure.
According to Emory Healthcare, deaths have decreased around 12 percent per decade on average over the past 50 years, but 287,000 people die frorn heart failure each year. There are more hospitalizations from heart failure each year than all cancers combined.
In this study, the scientists examined information from 4,000 participants that were in the UK Biobank study. Volunteers had blood tests, health scans and heart MRIs, which measured the function, size and weight of their hearts. They also recorded their lifestyle, health record and where they’ve lived.
The team found participants had larger right and left ventricles (心室) in the heart when they lived closer to busy roads and were exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NOz), which enters the air when fuel is burned. The right and left ventricles are crucial for pumping blood. They were healthy but resembled the ventricles in early-stage heart failure. The scientists found that the higher the exposure to the pollutants, the greater the changes in the heart.
“Air pollution should be seen as a modifiable risk factor,” Dr. Nay Aung, who led the data analysis of the study, said in a statemnent from Queen Mary University. “The public all need to be aware of their exposure when they think about their heart health, just like they think about their blood pressure and their weight.”
Professor Jeremy Pearson, Associate Medical Director at the British Heart Foundation said in the statement from Queen Mary University, “We can’t expect people to move home to avoid air pollution, so government and public bodies must act right now to make all areas safe and protect the population from these harm.”
24. What is the finding of the study
A. Air pollution causes many people to die.
B. People have big problems of heart health.
C. People’s houses have a great effect on the heart.
D. Air pollution makes our hearts at risk of heart failure.
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about heart failure
A. It can be cured easily. B. It remains a serious threat.
C. It’s the most common illness. D. It causes people to suffer cancers.
26. What did the team find on the participants exposed to air pollution
A. They had many health problems. B. Their ventricles worked better.
C. Their hearts were out of danger. D. The size of their hearts was bigger.
27. Which of the following is Dr. Nay Aung’s suggestion
A. Moving to safer areas. B. Living far away from crowds.
C. Taking notice of air pollution. D. Taking blood pressure regularly.
阅读理解专练364
（押考向-自然环保）
Topher White spends a lot of time walking in the forest and thinking about how quickly we’re losing it. He is making an effort to stop global deforestation (滥伐). Founder of the San Francisco— based Nonprofit Rainforest Connection, White has developed a simple but ingenious strategy: using old cell phones to listen for the sound of destruction.
Forests are disappearing worldwide and fast, which not only harms wildlife, including many species that live nowhere else, but also contributes to climate change. “I didn’t know any of this stuff when I started,” says White, who began his journey in 2011, when he traveled to Indonesian Borneo to help decreasing gibbons (长臂猿).
Between 50 and 90 percent of the logging (采伐) that happens in the world’s rain forests is illegal, according to White, yet detecting that activity can be tough. So he has developed a system in which he uses a cell phone staying charged by solar cells and an extra microphone. From there, the device can detect the sounds of chainsaws (电锯) nearly a mile away.
Because it’s unfeasible to have people listening to the devices all the time, he added some “old-school data analysis,” so that the cell phone’s computers can distinguish a chainsaw’s sound from others in the forest. This way, his device can automatically detect logging activity and send a text alert to authorities who can determine if it’s illegal and then stop it.
So far, his monitoring system has been used in Cameroon, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil and will soon be deployed in Bolivia. It’s not just about listening for logging. Also, it can pick out the sounds of specific birds, which is why White sees the forest recordings as a potential science tool. He is urging biologists and ecologists to use his monitoring system anywhere, whether it’s a remote forest or a park in London. “The more we learn about these places,” he says, “the easier it will be to protect them.”
24. What made Topher White decide to stop global deforestation
A. The problem of global climate change.
B. The association of Nonprofit Rainforest Connection.
C. The experience of travelling to Indonesian Borneo in 2011.
D. The desire to find new uses for old cell phones.
25. What does the underlined word “unfeasible” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Impractical. B. Unwilling. C. Impassive. D. Unnecessary.
26. In Topher White’s opinion, we can protect nature more easily through ______.
A. updating advanced technology B. our better understanding of it
C. developing strong teamwork spirit D. growing environmental awareness
27. What could be the best title for the text
A. A Creative Way Is Used to Protect Wildlife
B. Measures Should Be Taken to Preserve Nature
C. Forests Are Disappearing Worldwide
D. Your Old Cell Phones Can Help Save the Rain Forest
阅读理解专练365
2.（2022届云南省保山市高三第一次教学质量监测英语考试）
According to the UN report, nearly 54 million tons of e-waste was generated around the world in 2019. It includes everything from phones and computer monitors to larger items like refrigerators and old fax machines.
Rwanda is one of only 13 countries in Africa that have passed a national law regarding e-waste rule. It has led to the first official recycling and reusing facility in the country. Operational since early last year, this public-private partnership between the government and Enviroserve became a source of pride for Rwanda. The plant can process up to 10,000 tons of e-waste per year. According to managing director Olivier Mbera, Enviroserve has already repaired and reused more than 5,000 computers, which were sold to public schools. To date, it has processed more than 4,000 tons of e-waste and created more than 600 jobs.
Conveyor belts （传送带） sort plastics from metals, while particular space collects phosphor（磷）from old tube TVs. Circuit boards（电路板）pile up in bags and batteries are constantly being tested. Every piece of e-waste is thoroughly collected or pressed. The dangerous materials which can poison the environment are separated from the valuable ones.
“Globally, waste is not only increasing in quantity, but also in its complexity and composition,” says
Okechukwu Daniel Ogbonnaya, country representative for Rwanda at the Global Green Growth Institute, an intergovernmental organization for sustainable（可持续的）economic growth, “Within an electronic device, there’s gold, silver and so on and these sorts of elements could be taken out, providing new business opportunities for small businesses and even for big cities to generate income. Rwanda is one of our earliest pioneer members and they’ve done really well when it comes to its shift to a green growth pathway,” he adds.
Mbera points to Enviroserve’s success in Rwanda as a potential beginning for an e-waste movement across Africa, “We’re talking with different governments in Africa to establish similar facilities in their countries,” he says. One thing is certain: it will take all nations to combat the growing e-waste crisis.
24. What can we know about e-waste recycling facility in Rwanda
A. It is the first plant to reuse e-waste in Africa.
B. It is managed entirely by the government.
C. It has already processed 10,000 tons of e-waste.
D. It manages e-waste in an eco-friendly way.
25. What can be inferred according to Okechukwu Daniel Ogbonnaya
A. Electronic devices are made of gold and silver.
B. E-waste can contain potential treasure.
C. Simple electronic devices are in great need.
D. Rwanda is the only nation to recycle e-waste.
26. Which word can replace the underlined word “combat” in Paragraph 5
A. Create. B. Handle. C. Discover. D. Reach.
27. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Rwanda is coping with the rising e-waste crisis.
B. Lots of electronic devices are wasted in the world.
C. A great deal of e-waste is poisoning the environment.
D. E-waste is increasing in complexity and composition.
阅读理解专练366
3.（押素材-新冠疫情）
In their letters to Santa Claus, most kids ask for toys, dolls or maybe a new Xbox. All Jonah Simons wanted was a coronavirus cure to save the world. That was last year. This holiday season, the 10-year-old Florida boy is back with a different request for Santa.
“Dear Santa, it’s Jonah. Do you remember me I was the one who asked for a covid cure,” he wrote in a letter addressed to the North Pole and shared with CNN. “Thank you so much for the vaccine! You helped save lives. This year, can I please have a Santa costume to spread your joy around the world ”
With a relentless virus and threats of the Omicron variant still plaguing a weary nation, Jonah has big plans for the Santa suit. “I want to wear it and go around the neighborhood and spread Santa’s joy, asking people what they want for Christmas,” the fifth-grader said.
Jonah turned 10 in July, and instead of gifts he asked his family and friends to donate to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. His birthday effort raised $1,000 in donations from family and friends all over—even his favorite employees at the local Publix store, his mother says.
He also marked his birthday by donating his hair to Locks of Love, the charity that makes wigs for kids with cancer or other medical conditions. During a year of lockdown, he teamed up with some friends and grew out his hair to nine inches.
Jonah’s good deeds are not limited to birthdays. He works to help his community all year, including donating and sorting food for the homeless with the organization Feeding South Florida, and packing holiday gifts for children.
24. What does Jonah want as a Christmas gift this year
A. A covid cure. B. Toys and dolls.
C. Anew Xbox. D. A Santa suit.
25. Which one of the following doesn’t belong to the good behaviour of Jonah
A. Donating his hair to a charity.
B. Sending his birthday gifts to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital.
C. Wrapping holiday gifts for kids.
D. Contributing food to the homeless.
26. Which of the following best describes Jonah
A. Kind and courageous. B. Generous and brave.
C. Caring and helpful. D. Friendly and innocent.
27. What can we infer from the passage
A. Jonah didn’t realize his wish last year.
B. The coronavirus is still not under complete control.
C. Jonah raised $1,000 from his family and friends all over.
D. Jonah wants to wear a Santa suit and go around the neighborhood and spread Santa’s joy.
阅读理解专练367
4．（2022届贵州省贵阳市高三适应性一模英语试题）
Who do you count as your friends From our BFF to a workmate, it’s good to have someone to draw the fat with or offer comfort and support. But the recent lockdown we have endured has made of us question our friendships. We’ve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances. But do we actually have to restart every relationship we once had It might be time to take stock and think about who you kept in touch with, who you missed talking to, and who you didn’t. In short, maybe it’s time to reset your list of real mates.
There’s no obligation to stay friends. Bryan Lufkin says, “While people have known for years that friendships are unquestionably good for your health, experts say it’s only natural for acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on.”
Of course, it can be hard to choose who’s in your friendship circle. This is what Suzanne Degges-White, professor of counselling at Northern Illinois University, calls our “friendscape”. She says. “In life, as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us.”
So, changing friends is normal, but we still need those special pals who have known us long term. These are friendships we invest time in. These are your inner circle of friends—your “shoulders to cry on”—and you have to see them at least once a week to keep them in that circle. The friends that do drift are mostly “friendships of convenience”. But the advice for maintaining a good friendship is to share how you feel with someone you trust—this can help strengthen your friendship as well as giving you both a chance to support each other.
24. What could we do about friendships in the recent lockdown
A. Recover our friendships.
B. Reflect on our friendships.
C. Develop new friendships.
D. Put an end to our friendships.
25. What do Bryan Lufkin’s words mean
A. Some friendships will not necessarily stay for life.
B. Some friendships might not be good for our health.
C. True friendships will surely survive the long years.
D. True friendships develop naturally as time goes by.
26. Who would most probably stay in our friendship circle
A. Friends at the same life stages.
B. Friends with the same interests.
C. Friends always staying around.
D. Friends living in neighboring areas.
27. What does the author suggest we do in the last paragraph
A. Cry on our friends’ shoulders. B. Change inner circle friends.
C. Devote time to true friendships. D. Suit our friends’ conveniences.
阅读理解专练368
（押考法-猜词推断题和主旨细节题）
Companies in New Zealand are working with American creators of some of Hollywood’s most famous creatures to develop animatronic dolphins that look almost the same with their living counterparts.
A robotic dolphin that can nod an answer to a child might sound unappealing. But as marine parks around the world face increasing pressure to abandon exhibitions featuring real whales and dolphins, the creatures provide an appealing alternative, their creators say.
But with a price tag of about NZ$40m ( 20.8m) per dolphin, the biggest obstacle for the creators of the animatronic creatures is proving to potential clients that the robotic sea creatures will work out to be cheaper in the long run than the real thing.
Li Wang, a business developer for Edge Innovation, the New Zealand-based company making the case for the robots, said they do cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last longer.
Melanie Langlotz, one of the managers behind the project said, the robotic dolphin can’t be distinguished from the real thing. A test audience had been unable to guess the dolphin was not real, she added.
Animal rights advocates also welcomed the change. They hoped robotic dolphins would replace real ones in marine parks worldwide.
In nature, dolphins swim up to 40 miles a day and live in close family groups, but in captivity they were confined to concrete pools filled with chemically treated water and forced to interact with strangers. In the near future, cutting-edge technology might allow us to experience nature without harming it.
24. Why will animatronic dolphins be developed
A. To attract children. B. To make a higher profit.
C. To protect real dolphins. D. To show the advance of technology.
25. What can we know about robotic dolphins according to the text
A. They look different from the real ones.
B. They are appealing to marine parks as well as children.
C. They would have a shorter lifespan compared to real ones.
D. They would be more expensive but survive longer than real ones.
26. Why does the author mention real dolphins in the last paragraph
A. To stress the significance of robotic dolphins.
B. To inform us of bad conditions of dolphins in captivity.
C. To clarify why dolphins live better in natural environment.
D. To suggest that we should improve the living conditions of dolphins.
27. What’s the best title for the passage
A. Dolphins: cute animals to play with
B. Robot dolphins: a costly but worthy alternative
C. Robot dolphins: an attractive and affordable tool
D. Advanced technologies benefit the environment
阅读理解专练369
（2022届山西省吕梁市高三上学期第一次模拟英语考试）
After you finish your fries, eat the ketchup packet. When you add your pasta to boiling waler, put the bag into the pot, too. If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven’t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging. Notpla design director Karlijn Sibbel says they look lo nature as inspiration for the ideal packaging like the skin on a fruit. “A peel will eventually be used as nutrients by nature, and disappear and become a part of the cycle.” she said.
According to the UN, 9.15 billion tons of plastic has been produced since the early 1950s, and about 60% has been land-filled or abandoned outdoors. Micro-plastics, which are often the result of larger plastics breaking down, pollute the ocean, the air and our bodies. Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful. In the US, some places have taken action: New York banned most plastic shopping bags, and in Miami Beach, plastic straws have been outlawed. “Overseas, the European Union put a broad ban on single-use plastics into effect this summer.” the government announced in August.
Notpla’s founders, Rodrigo Garoia González and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops.” Sibbel explained. There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. Seaweed doesn’t use land; it doesn’t use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in.
“As they scale up, Notpla’s team hopes seaweed could replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more broadly.” Sibbel said. But with the volume of plastics used around the world, she understands the enormity(巨大)of such a task. “I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything, but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.” she said.
24. What does the author mainly talk about in the first paragraph
A. The tasty food made from seaweed such as pasta.
B. Common functions of seaweed.
C. The famous company called Notpla.
D. Plastic packaging made from seaweed.
25. What can be learned about plastic pollution and solutions from the passage
A. Micro-plastics can only be found in the sea.
B. The single-use plastics are considered avoidable by many experts.
C. More than half of the plastic produced has been land-filled.
D. The European Union and the US have completely slopped using single-use plastics.
26. Which is not the reason for the company’s founders turning to seaweed
A. It is pesticide-free.
B. It is easily accessible.
C. It can grow on land.
D. It can do good to the ocean.
27. Which word best describes Karlijn Sibbel’s attitude to the future use of seaweed
A. Optimistic. B. Uncertain.
C. Negative. D. Worried
阅读理解专练370
（2022届西安市阎、高、蓝、周四区县高三年级联考）
From the moment we wake up and check the messages on our smartphones, we’re exposed to text design. Throughout our day, storefronts and websites announce themselves, first and foremost, through the typefaces (字体) they use. For Adonian Chan, a 33-year-old graphic designer born in Hong Kong and co-founder of design company Trilingua, the different texts we encounter in our daily lives amount to what he calls a “visual landscape”.
In his hometown, signs written in traditional Chinese characters can be found around every corner. One calligraphy style, above all, has come to represent Hong Kong for Chan: Beiwei Kaishu, a dynamic way of writing that has its origins in 4th-century China. After World War I II, Beiwei Kaishu was used in Hong Kong signs, partly because it is highly legible, even from far distances. What sets Beiwei Kaishu apart from other Chinese writing styles is its unique construction, striking lines and unexpected angles, says Chan.
But with the appearance of computer-generated typefaces and LED signs, Chan says he observed that signs written in the style were disappearing from Hong Kong. As a consequence, few designers working today are aware of the Beiwei Kaishu style, he says.
In 2016,Chan asked Wong Gok Longa master of calligraphy in Hong Kong, to teach him to write in the Beiwei Kaishu style. Chan then started the process of digitizing the characters. He first wrote the characters on paper with a brush and ink, which gave him a sense of proportion. Next, he made a pencil sketch (素描). Finally, he recreated the characters digitally, using a computer program called Glyphs.
He has named his typeface Beiwei Zansyu and hopes it will eventually appear on phones and computers. “Chan’s effort is more than missing bygone eras — it’s reinterpreting and continuing our heritage (遗产) ins more contemporary life,” says Keith Tam, head of communication design at the Hong Kong Design Institute.
What does the underlined word “legible” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Original. B. Sensitive. C. Readable. D.Variable.
29. Why did Chan begin to learn to study Beiwei Kaishu
A. His talent for the writing style was spotted by a master.
B. He received an invitation to design a traditional sign.
C. His colleagues encouraged him to create a new style.
D. He found the writing style declined in Hong Kong.
30. What’s Tam’s attitude to Chan’s work
A. Skeptical. B. Approving. C. Ambiguous. D. Uncaring.
31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. The art of digitizing ancient calligraphy
B. The difficulty in practicing calligraphy
C. Why should we observe tradition
D. How does text design influence our life
阅读理解专练371
（押考向-怀旧主题）
I grew up in libraries, or at least it feels that way. I was raised in the suburbs of Cleveland, just a few blocks from the brick-faced Bertram Woods branch of the Shaker Heights Public Library system. I went there several times a week with my mother. She and I would walk in together, but as soon as we passed through the door, we each headed towards our favorite sections. The library might have been the first place I was ever given autonomy.
Even when I was maybe four or five years old, I was allowed to head off on my own. Then, after a while, my mother and I would reunite at the checkout counter with our finds. Together we'd wait as the librarian pulled out the date card and stamped it with the checkout machine — that giant fist thumping the card with a loud chunk-chunk, printing a crooked due date underneath a score of previous crooked due dates that belonged to other people, other times.
Those visits were dreamy, frictionless (没有摩擦的) periods that held the promise of leaving me richer than I'd arrived. It wasn't like going to a store with my mom, which guaranteed a tug-of-war between what I wanted and what my mother was willing to buy me; in the library, I could have anything I wanted.
After we had finished checking out the books, I loved being in the car and having all the books we'd gotten stacked on my lap, pressing me under their solid, warm weight, their Mylar covers sticking a bit to my thighs. It was such a thrill leaving a place with things you hadn't paid for; such a thrill expecting the new books we would read. On the ride home, my mother and I talked about the order in which we were going to read our books, a serious conversation in which we planned how to pace ourselves through this charmed period of grace until the books were due.
When I was older, I usually walked to the library by myself, lugging back as many books as I could carry. Occasionally, I did go with my mother, and the trip would be as engaging as it had been when I was small. Even when I was in my last year of high school and could drive myself to the library, my mother and I still went together every now and then, and the trip unfolded exactly as it had when I was a child, with all the same beats and pauses and comments and daydreaming, the same perfect rhythm we'd followed so many times before. After my mother passed away two years ago, I plunged into a deep shadow of grief for a long time. When I miss my mother these days, I like to picture us in the car together, going for one more magnificent trip to Bertram Woods, during which we talked, laughed — as if she were still in my company, giving me inexhaustible strength.
28. In this passage, the word “autonomy” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. vitality B. freedom
C. inspiration D. entitlement
29. After the author and her mother left the library, ________.
A. they would plan to read their newly-borrowed books with feverish enthusiasm
B. they would have a serious conversation about which book attracted them the most
C. they would be anxious to recommend to each other the books they had borrowed
D. they would agree on buying the books they had just borrowed if they enjoyed them
30. How does the author feel when she imagines herself in the car with her mother on the way to the library
A. Grieved. B. Shocked.
C. Miserable. D. Comforted.
31. What would the author most likely go on to write about in the paragraphs immediately following the last paragraph of this article
A. One specific memory of a childhood trip to the library.
B. The fond childhood memories of her mother taking good care of her.
C. How her affection for going to the library has endured into her own motherhood.
D. Why her own child made up their mind to become a librarian after finishing college.
阅读理解专练372
2.（2022届新疆乌鲁木齐地区高三第一次质量监测英语试题）
For the past three decades, Richard Sears, 71, has been focused on one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.
His interest in Chinese language and characters goes back to 1972, when he was a 22-year-oldphysics major at Portland State University in Oregon. “I realized only 7 percent of the world speak English as a mother tongue. So, I wanted to know what it was like to speak another language.” By1990, Sears was already pretty fluent in Chinese, but he did not know how to read. To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes and almost no apparent logic.
“I’m a physicist, so I don’t like blind memorization in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs (象形文字) and I wanted to know the stories behind the Chinese characters.” As he studied, Sears realized quickly that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. In order to pick out the good ones, he decided to computerize the characters. He scanned about 96,000 ancient characters.
The database of ancient characters came into being, but he wanted to explain the step-by-step evolvement of these characters from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms. He finally got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology (词源), where visitors can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms. Between 2002 and 2011, the website would get 11,000 or 15,000 hits a day. Suddenly, in January 2011, clicks to the website went up to600,000 in one day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname given by Chinese netizens, after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media.
In addition to the website, in September last year, Sears set up his studio, focusing on applying AR, animation and artificial intelligence to telling stories of Chinese culture and character origins, in Nanjing as part of the local authority’s plan to cultivate talent in the culture sector. “They have both entertainment value for young Chinese and educational value and can teach the origins of Chinese characters,” he says. “We also want to make videos with a high educational value for other platforms both for Chinese and foreign learners of Chinese characters.”
28. What do we know about Richard Sears
A. He learned Chinese to improve his physics.
B. He has made an exploration into Chinese characters.
C. He was fluent in reading Chinese from the beginning.
D. He was concerned about the spread of his mother tongue.
29. What does the underlined word “ones” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Explanations. B. Characters.
C. Pictographs. D. Languages.
30. What can be inferred about Sears’ website
A. It has made a big profit from netizens visiting it.
B. It gained popularity shortly after being established.
C. It focuses on the simplification of Chinese characters.
D. It brings the evolvement of Chinese characters to the public.
31. Which of the following can best describe Richard Sears
A. Enthusiastic and devoted. B. Wise but careless.
C. Ambitious and humorous. D. Generous but stubborn.
阅读理解专练373
3.（押素材-科技VS自然）
Android phones will be used to sense earthquakes around the world and may one day be able to provide global warnings, with the first mass alert system coming into use on August 11 in California, Google announced.
Google, which helped develop Android, worked with California and the US Geological Survey to build the quake alerts into all phones that run the common mobile operating system. Android users who have enabled location services and are near a quake of magnitude 4.5 or greater will receive a full-screen earthquake warning telling them to drop to the floor and seek cover. The screen also will provide estimates of the quake's magnitude and distance from the user. Depending on their distance from a quake, people could get several seconds or perhaps a minute of warning.
Users won't need to download California's My Shake app in order to receive the alerts. That application, developed by the University of California, Berkeley and launched last year, has been downloaded by only about 1 million of California's 40 million residents. By contrast, many millions of people own Android phones.
“This announcement means that California's world-class earthquake early warning system will be a standard function on every Android phone-giving millions precious seconds to drop, cover and hold on when the big one hits,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement. IPhone users won't receive the alerts through Apple’s operating system, but they can download the MyShake app.
Also, Google announced that Android phones would begin detecting earthquakes from around the world through their motion-sensing accelerometers. “Your Android phone can be a mini-seismometer（地震仪），joining millions of other Android phones out there to form the world’s largest earthquake detection network,” according to a Google blog post. More than 2 billion devices run the Android operating system. Hundreds of millions of people live in earthquake-prone areas. But many countries lack the resources to build detection and alert systems, Google said. The information will be used at first to provide fast and accurate information on Google Search. But Google said it could begin sending out earthquake alerts next year.
28. If an earthquake hits the US, who won't receive the earthquake warning
A. Android users who haven't downloaded the MyShake app.
B. IPhone users who have downloaded the MyShake app.
C. IPhone users who haven't downloaded the MyShake app.
D. Android users who have downloaded the MyShake app.
29.What can we learn from the text
A. Millions of people have downloaded the MyShake app.
B. The earthquake early warning system will be of great help.
C. Google has already sent out earthquake alerts since last year.
D. Over 2 billion devices run the Apple operating system.
30.What will globalize Google's earthquake detection network
A. New technology developed by Google. B. The large number of Android phone users.
C. Motion-sensing accelerometers. D. The newly developed MyShake app.
31.What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To share a new MyShake app. B. To promote Android phones.
C. To make Google known to the world. D. To introduce a new function of Android phones.
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4．（2022届云南省昆明市“三诊一模”高三复习教学质量检测）
Many of us have dreams of being our own boss and starting our own businesses, and one woman has been able to make her dreams a reality with the help of a complete change of lifestyle.
Catherine White, 46, spent her teenage years washing cars in order to make ends meet and now she owns a 20 million business empire. Speaking to the Manchester Evening News, she said, “My childhood was so unstable, so I always wanted and needed to be independent. I didn't believe working for someone else gave me that and my future would still rely on someone else.”
At 24, Catherine started her. first business from a desk in her sister's art school but she was struggling with a panic disorder at the time and would find comfort in junk food, which led her to follow an unhealthy lifestyle. After the company reached a steady point a few years later, she decided to go travelling and in the process, completely changed her outlook on life. The woman said the “dramatic change” of scenery helped her mental health significantly, and she was even able to cut junk food out of her diet - dropping her from a size 24 to a size 12 by the time she returned to the UK. And the business mogul（大亨）believes changing her lifestyle also helped her succeed in her career as she is no longer scared of making decisions or speaking in public.
This year, Catherine aims to grow one of the companies under her Freedom Services Group umbrella, Stella Insurance. She set it up in Australia for women. With each deal, the business donates $5 to a charity, and plans are underway to launch in the UK.
The now-millionaire said, “In my wildest dreams, I wouldn't have thought it could become the size that it has.”
28. Why did Catherine decide to set up her own business
A. To accumulate work experience. B. To make donations to a charity.
C. To depend on herself in the future. D. To raise money for her illness.
29. What can we learn about Catherine from the text
A. She used to be addicted to junk food. B. She was offered a job in an art school.
C. She was good at speaking in public. D. She set up Stella Insurance in the UK.
30. Which words best describe Catherine as a businesswoman now
A.Talented and energetic. B. Successful and caring.
C. Ambitious and cautious. D. Brave and imaginative.
31. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A.Well begun is half done. B. Details determine success or failure.
C. Interest is the best teacher. D. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
阅读理解专练375
（押考法-推断题和细节题）
The time a person spends on different smartphone apps is enough to identify them from a larger group in more than one in three cases, say researchers.
Researchers analyzed smartphone data from 780 people. They fed 4,680 days of app usage data into statistical models. Each of these days was paired with one of the 780 users so that the models learned people’s daily app use patterns.
The researchers then tested whether models could identify an individual when provided with only a single day of smartphone activity that was anonymous (匿名的). The models, which were trained on only six days of app usage data per person, could identify the correct person from a day of anonymous data one third of the time.
That might not sound like much, but when the models predict who the data belonged to, it could also provide a list of the most to the least likely candidates. It was possible to view the top 10 most likely individuals that a specific day of data belonged to. Around 75% of the time, the correct user would be among the top 10 most likely candidates.
In practical terms, a law enforcement (执法机构) investigation seeking to identify a criminal’s new phone with these models could reduce a candidate pool of approximately 1,000 phones to 10 phones, with a 25% risk of missing them.
Consequently, the researchers warn that software given access to a smartphone’s standard activity logging could make a reasonable prediction about a user’s identity even when they were logged-out of their account. An identification is possible without monitoring conversations or behaviors within apps themselves.
Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that app usage data alone, which is often collected by a smartphone automatically, can potentially reveal a person’s identity. While providing new opportunities for law enforcement, it also poses risks to privacy if this type of data is misused.
28. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To explain a phenomenon.
B. To confirm an assumption.
C. To show a research process.
D. To present a research finding.
29. How did the researchers reach their conclusion
A. By recording app use time.
B. By studying app usage data.
C. By comparing different apps.
D. By changing app use patterns.
30. What is the function of the statistical models
A. Locating criminals.
B. Tracking usage of apps.
C. Identifying phone users.
D. Predicting trends of apps.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards app usage data
A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Uninterested.
阅读理解专练376
（2022届江西省上饶市高三第一次模拟英语考试）
During the spring break, my daughter, Lucy, was offered the opportunity to go to Thailand with Adventures Cross-Country (ARCC) on a summer adventure that combined community service with some unique, amazing actually, travel opportunities.
Less than 24 hours after landing in, they squeezed in their first service project, teaching and volunteering in a local school, before hopping on a night train to Chiang Mai. From there they boarded open-air bus-like trucks and bumped their way along rough dirt roads for a couple of hours, leaving their comfort zones behind before reaching the Village Hill Tribe.
Surrounded by rice fields, the teenagers taught English and poured the cement floor of a library in the making. Their home away from home was a village classroom. Tables and chairs were pushed aside to clear floor space for the kids to sleep at night. There were bugs of the flying and crawling variety. There were no flush (冲水) toilets. Showers were accomplished by filling a bucket with a plastic pipe and hanging it over your head. When my home phone rang about a week after she left, there were no complaints but the shower, in her words, “was the best thing that ever happened to me.” There aren’t many folks, let alone teenagers, that can rough it in those conditions, do community service work that involves hard labor, and most impressively, still be smiling at the end of the day.
Experiences like this can’t be gained by reading books or searching the Internet. They’ve learned by traveling and doing. She learned how to lay a cement floor without the luxury of any fancy equipment. All of the teenagers learned that people, themselves included, can do great things when they put their minds to it.
28. How was Lucy’s journey to the Village Hill Tribe
A. Lonely. B. Dangerous.
C. Uncomfortable. D. Relaxing.
29. Where did the young volunteers sleep
A. On the classroom floor. B. In a newly-built library.
C. On tables put together. D. Next to the shower room.
30. How does the author feel about Lucy’s experiences
A. They are terribly bad B. They are quite beneficial
C. They are hardly imagined D. They can be unbearable
31. What is the text mainly about
A. An unforgettable traveling experience.
B. A mother, who is proud of her daughter.
C. A girl, who is persistent and determined.
D. A volunteer experience in a Thai schoo
阅读理解专练377
（2022届北京市顺义区高三下学期二模英语考试试题）
An economist, Adam Smith, famously wrote that “it is not from the benevolence (慈善)of the butcher, the brewer or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own self-interest.” Like Smith, many economists today believe that one’s self-interest is what drives competition and growth in market economies. Yet, in an increasingly interconnected society, it is even more crucial to have collaborative skills. Thus we should encourage cooperation to better prepare children for the future.
Firstly, in the present age marked by the transformative potential of technology to facilitate interactions, cooperation is an especially prized soft skill to have. As a research study proves, soft skills such as good communication and empathy consist of qualitative indicators of outstanding employees as compared to technical skills or knowledge. In contrast, excessively (过分地)competitive and individualistic behaviour may fracture social relations in the community of co-workers and since no man is an island, even the most competent employee will not be able to pursue his goals effectively without the help of others who are able to share a common vision and understanding.
Moreover, encouraging cooperation increase a healthy sense of self-esteem in children that better prepares them for the competitive working world. Many modern societies today are consumed by an obsessive drive for success and the pressure to perform has infiltrated both classrooms and offices alike. The consequences of the fierce competitive culture include higher rates of anxiety and depression among university students and office workers, which are all counterproductive. Teamwork can help a maturing individual realise that each has his or her own unique set of abilities to bring to the table and that another person’s strengths do not in any way diminish (降低)the value of his or her talents. Thus, cooperation can affirm the self-worth of children by correcting the violent insight that winning or paper achievement is an exclusive (唯一)measure of success in life.
However, critics may claim that in a cutthroat world, adapting to competition should be of supreme priority in education and parenting. To achieve one’s deepest ambitions, such as to become a medical student, or to create a tech start-up, one has to adopt competition by actively fighting for opportunities and distinguishing oneself from others. Nevertheless, since passion can already stimulate children to work hard to fulfill their ambitions, the need to encourage competition may be at the end of the day. As much as external competition can drive people to pursue excellence, internal motivation is at least equally or arguably even more essential, and collaboration plays an instrumental role in helping one uncover one’s tendency and motivations.
32. What can be inferred from Adam Smith’s words
A. Our society is increasingly interconnected.
B. Our dinner is made out of the regards to markets.
C. Self-interest pushes the development of economies.
D. The butcher, the brewer or the baker is not sympathy.
33. What does the underlined word “fracture” mean in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Deepen. B. Establish. C. Maintain. D. Damage.
34. Which of the following might the author agree with
A. Paper achievement is an exclusive measure of success.
B. Confidence and ambitions can be achieved through cooperation.
C. Actively fighting for distinguishing oneself is a healthy competition.
D. Competition is not essential for people to pursue excellence.
35. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage
A. To introduce parents the advantages of cooperation.
B. To inform parents to balance cooperation and competition.
C. To persuade parents to care about their children’s education.
D. To tell parents to encourage their children to learn to cooperate.
阅读理解专练378
（押考向-人类创新）
Human innovation (创新) has allowed people to explore space for decades. Within a space station, astronauts have enough air, food and water to complete missions of a year or longer without a resupply. But missions to further reaches of space are a different matter. Establishing a base on the moon or sending humans to Mars seems just on the horizon. That can only happen if innovative and foolproof ways are developed to supply humans with enough air, water and food.
One company, Interstellar Labs, has developed an advanced, closed loop system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space. They call their AI managed greenhouses BioPods and they are designed to be very efficient. In fact, Interstellar Labs claims that BioPods reduce the amount of land and water needed to produce food by 99 percent. That is not an impossible claim. BioPods don’t use any soil to grow plants, and the vast majority of water is recycled and recirculated.
Plants are grown inside BioPods using aeroponics, the practice of hanging plants in the air and spraying a mist of nutrient-rich water on their roots. By using aeroponics, the BioPod system carefully conserves water with amazing results. According to Interstellar labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more productive than traditionally grown plants, using only a small amount of water.
The conditions inside of a BioPod are controlled by AI, which can change anything from the lighting to the temperature and humidity to maximize growth. This optimizes (使最优化) growing conditions no matter what the environment is outside, including the emptiness of space.
The BioPods themselves can be built in almost any environment, too. The pod’s structure is made with a 3D printer using raw materials in liquid form. The inside part is sealed with an inflatable membrane (充气膜) that is also 3D-printed. This means that a BioPod could be built right on the surface of the moon or Mars, making transporting a large structure unnecessary.
Like most technology developed for space exploration, BioPods can also be used on Earth to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the harshest environments.
32. In writing paragraph 1, the author aims to____________.
A. present a topic B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion D. propose a definition
33. Which of the following best describes Biopods
A. They are widely used for space exploration.
B. They are highly productive and efficient greenhouses.
C. They are easy to operate without need for soil or water.
D. They are deigned to be used in harsh environments on Earth.
34. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Food Consumption in Space Station
B. Space Exploration with BioPods
C. Growing Food in Space Pods
D. 3D Printers Used in Space Lab
35. What is the writer’s attitude to the BioPod
A. Positive. B. Cautious.
C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
阅读理解专练379
2.（2022届广东省梅州市高三二模英语考试试题）
Professor Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian of the year, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. These little trash processors (处理器)—some as small as 500 square feet— house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with thermal technology. The new all-in -one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust.
In 2018 she launched the first microfactory, establishing a model of recycling that enables businesses and communities to develop commercial opportunities while addressing local waste problems. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented Microfactory technology. “The small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants. The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission journeys between recycling processors and manufacturing plants. With a microfactory, gone are the days of needing separate facilities to collect and store materials, extract (提取) elements and produce new products,” says Sahajwalla.
Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products-like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. Sahajwalla’s invention advances this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R,” adding “re -form” to the common phrase “reduce, reuse, recycle”.
Professor Veena Sahajwalla’s programs help to develop innovation and promote cooperation with industry, ensuring that sustainable materials and processes become commercially practical solutions for dealing with waste.
32. What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A. To introduce a new type of trash processor.
B. To introduce the process of recycling waste.
C. To prove the seriousness of the trash problem.
D. To show the current situation of trash recycling.
33. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A. The founding of waste microfactories.
B. The influences of waste microfactories.
C. The advantages of waste microfactories.
D. The shocking scale of waste microfactories.
34. What does “re-form” in Paragraph 3 refer to according to Sahajwalla
A. Extracting materials from the waste.
B. Generating new materials with waste.
C. Updating the whole recycling process.
D. Transforming waste into similar products.
35. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A fiction novel. B. A business report.
C. A science magazine. D. A chemical textbook.
阅读理解专练380
3.（押素材-创造力思维）
Psychologists who study creative accomplishments throughout the life cycle generally find that creativity peaks between the ages of mid to late 30s or early 40s.They tend to view creativity from the perspective of creative and innovative disciplines, rather than individual accomplishment. And they find little variation across different professions and disciplines of creativity and innovation, such as the arts and sciences.
At What Age Does Creativity Peak A new study shows that it counts on whether you are a conceptual or an experimental thinker.
But according to two economics professors at Ohio State University, that’s only part of the story. Their research, which looked at 31 Nobel Prize Winners in the field of economics and when they made their most significant contributions to the field, uncovered evidence of two peak cycles of individual creativity in the sciences, one that surfaces very early in some people’s careers, and another that, for others, rises up later in their lives. The difference between those who experience a peak in creativity during their mid twenties and those who are more likely to peak in their mid 50s, the researchers say, is in the type of creativity involved.
People who are conceptual innovators — those who think out of the box and challenge conventional wisdom — tend to come up with new ideas and innovations automatically and peak at an earlier age. Those creators who are more experimental — who build on their knowledge and accepted theories throughout their careers and ultimately find new and innovative ways to analyze that knowledge — tend to peak later in life.
Past research has shown that conceptual artists — poets, painters and novelists — who have clear and more immediate goals for their work, such as to communicate very specific and timely ideas or emotions, work in a different time frame than experimental artists, whose goals are less clear and less precise and who work through trial and error at a more gradual pace. Examples of conceptual innovators include Pablo Picasso, T.S. Eliot, Herman Melville, and Albert Einstein, all of whom contributed their most innovative work while they were young. Examples of experimental innovators include Paul Cezanne, Robert Frost, Virginia Woolf, and Charles Darwin.
The researchers believe that their findings on this view of creativity — that your most creative period is more a product of the type of creator you are and the nature of your work than of the particular field you are in — extend to other academic and scholarly disciplines as well. If you are a conceptual thinker, you are likely to be more creative when you are younger; if you are an experimental thinker, you are likely to do your most creative work when you are older, perhaps even past middle age. In theory, then, there are no limitations to creativity. You could end up doing your best work in your forties, fifties, sixties or even later.
32. What can affect the age of Creativity Peak
A. Different professions.
B. Different disciplines.
C. The type of research.
D. The type of thinker.
33. The persons who ________ will peak later in life.
A. challenge conventional wisdom
B. have immediate goals for their work
C. share specific and timely ideas
D. work through trial and error gradually
34. What can we conclude from the passage
A. An experimental thinker may be more innovative.
B. Creativity without limitations may peak at any age.
C. A scientist is more likely to do creative work than an artist.
D. The person who has less precise goals can do more creative work.
35. In writing this passage, the author aims to_________ .
A. reveal when the accomplishment peaks
B. analyze how to be more creative
C. explain the factors that influence creativity peaks
D. present the importance and limitations to creativity
专题19.答案
阅读理解专练361
29．D
30．C
31．B
32．A
阅读理解专练362
33．D
34．A
35．A
36．C
阅读理解专练363
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C
阅读理解专练364
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
阅读理解专练365
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A
阅读理解专练366
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. B
阅读理解专练367
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C
阅读理解专练368
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B
阅读理解专练369
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A
阅读理解专练370
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A
阅读理解专练371
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C
阅读理解专练372
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A
阅读理解专练373
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. B 31. D
阅读理解专练374
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D
阅读理解专练375
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
阅读理解专练376
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D
阅读理解专练377
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D
阅读理解专练378
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A
阅读理解专练379
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C
阅读理解专练380
【答案】32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C
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