专题28 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案）
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| 名称 | 专题28 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案） |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题28.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练541
阅读【广东省广州市省实、执信、广雅、六中2022届高三上学期8月四校联考】
4 Popular Places to Go This Winter
Harbin, China
China Harbin’s winter is for the brave ones—the average temperature is 1.8°F- but those who brave the cold will be rewarded with experiencing one of the world’s largest winter festivals. 2021 marks the 37th Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival (January-March), when massive frozen structures rise and are lit up, transforming the city into a winter wonderland.
Lyon, France
Paris may be called The City of Light,but every December, light takes center stage in Lyon, France’s third-largest city. That’s when the annual Festival of Lights (around December 8) takes over, with light installations (装置)that transform the city’s streetscapes into modern works of art. The city is also home to two Christmas markets (one in La Croix-Rousse; the other at the Place Carnot; through December 25).
Lima, Peru
Peru’s capital Lima is home to the world’s highest number of cooking schools per person. Aside from its delicate dining, the city also has great cocktail bars where you can taste classic or contemporary takes on the Pisco bine that with the oceanfront setting and temperatures in the 80s, and you’ll understand why Lima should no longer be ignored this winter.
Vermont, US
Winter in Vermont means skiing and snowboarding, Many resorts (度假胜地)have greatly upgraded their snowmaking abilities as part of a $15 million statewide program that replaced many outdated snow guns with new, low-energy models.These new machines will also improve the quality of snow surfaces and lengthen the season, meaning this will be one of the best winters for skiing and riding in Vermont in recent memory.
1．What similarities do the first two places have
A．They are decorated with lights. B．They offer snow sculptures.
C．They have three-day festivals. D．They are extremely cold.
2．Which provides a good chance to buy a Christmas gift
A．Harbin. B．Lyon. C．Lima. D．Vermont.
3．What’s new to the resorts in Vermont
A．Skiing and snowboarding. B．A longer winter.
C．Cooking schools. D．Updated equipment.
阅读理解专练542
I’ve worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer since I graduated from high school, but making the transition (转变) between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier. For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be uncivilized, getting to a factory by 6 o’clock each morning is torture.My friends never seem to understand why I’m so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.
There’re few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant,which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.
The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear overnight.Issues like downsizing (裁员) and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
After working 12-hour shifts in a factory, the other options have become only too clear. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale now ring true.
These lessons I’m learning, however valuable, are always tinged (带有) with sense of guilt. Many people pass their lives in the places where I briefly work, spending 30 years where I spend only two months at a time. “This job pays well, but it’s hell on the body,” said one co-worker. “Study hard and keep reading,” she added.
My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.
4．How did the author look back on his summer days while at college
A．They brought him nothing but torture.
B．They were no holiday for him at all.
C．They were a relief from his hard work at school.
D．They offered him a chance to know more people.
5．What does the author say about college students
A．They expect too much from the real world. B．They have little interest in blue-collar life.
C．They think too highly of themselves. D．They are confident of their future.
6．What, according to the author, is most frustrating for blue-collar workers
A．They do not have job security. B．They do not get decent pay.
C．They have to work 12-hour shifts. D．They have to move from place to place.
7．In what important way has the author’s work experience changed him
A．He learned to be more practical. B．He acquired a sense of urgency.
C．He came to respect blue-collar workers. D．He came to appreciate his college education.
阅读理解专练543
President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige（威望） in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.
Why do business institutions possess this great prestige
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.Since competition is seen as the. major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are petition is not only good in itself. it is the means (by) which other basic American value such as individual freedom,equality of opportunity and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government，many businesses compete against each other for profits Theoretically, if one business tries to. take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast often made between business,which is competitive,and government, which is a monopoly, Because business is competitive,many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe,then,that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy（民主）in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的)ideal of inherited privilege.
8．The statement “The business of America is business” probably means ________.
A．America is a great power in world business
B．Business is of primary concern to Americans
C．The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce
D．Business problems are of great importance to the American government
9．Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________.
A．by protecting their individual freedom B．when given equality of opportunity
C．by way of competition D．through doing business
10．Who can benefit from business competition
A．People with ideals of equality and freedom. B．Both business institutions and government.
C．Honest business D．Both businessmen and their customers.
11．It can be inferred from countries that the author believes ________.
A．in many countries success often depends on one’s social status
B．businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
C．American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D．Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
阅读理解专练544
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often (conveniently) referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our Instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
12．The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ________.
A．why one’s behaviors differ from others’
B．what makes different stages of intelligence
C．how social scientists form different theories
D．what causes the “nature/nurture” controversy
13．The word “proponents” can best be replaced by ________.
A．approaches B．advocates C．principles D．characters
14．What can we learn about the behaviorists
A．They believe human beings are mechanical.
B．They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C．They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D．They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
15．The “nature” theorists believe that the blacks’ low scores ________.
A．are the result of the educational disadvantages
B．have nothing to do with their true intelligence
C．are an indication of the blacks’ poor intelligence
D．have nothing to do with factors other than instincts
阅读理解专练545
阅读【重庆市第八中学2022届高三英语开学摸底】
Life and Health Insurance Risk Manager Wanted
Our company has partnered with an international insurer and is looking for a full-time risk manager with responsibility for the UK Life and Health Insurance business. The role is in a small risk team and is suited to a high-performing individual.
Responsibilities
*Support the chief risk officer;
*Oversee the reporting of health and life risks;
*Deliver advice and cooperate with some stakeholders(利益相关者);
*Assess relevant risks of technical pricing and reinsurance;
*Continuously contribute to the capital requirements, internal model review and data model processes.
Key requirements
The individual will be a qualified life or health manager who has experience in risk management or consulting. You must work in the UK---these rules have changed recently, so when applying, please state your qualification to work in the UK. (E.g. British passport, Irish passport, ILR, settled-status, etc.)
Salary
￡70,000-￡90,000 per year and performance-based salary.
Contact information
The deadline for applications is 14th May, 2021.
If you are interested, please apply here or contact the associate consultant Abi Logeswaran at HFG Insurance Recruitment(招聘). Sign in to apply instantly.
We'd love to send you information about Jobs and Services from by email. We do not share your information with third parties for marketing purposes. By applying for a job listed on you agree to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. You should never be required to provide bank account details. If you are, please email us.
1．What do we know about the job
A．It hunts for a chief risk officer. B．It is a part-time job.
C．It is related to insurance business. D．It involves a high-risk team.
2．Which of the following is a must for applicants
A．A professional certificate. B．The ability to change working rules.
C．An Irish passport. D．Relevant experience.
3．What do we have to do when applying for the job
A．Hand in our applications before May. B．Accept the company's privacy policy.
C．Offer our bank account details. D．Give our information to third parties.
阅读理解专练546
The city of Richmond announced that Roscoe Burnems would become the city’s first poet laureate (桂冠诗人), a poet recognized for achievements in poetry
During his two-year term as a poet laureate, Burnems is responsible for being a poetry advocate by providing access to poetry throughout the city and offering opportunities to use the power of words to heal wounds, open hearts and minds, and bring people closer together. He has the freedom to create and develop his own projects during his term and will receive a $4,000 annual bonus.
Burnems’ love of poetry began at an early age when he was struggling against depression. His English teacher recommended him to read poetry, which later brought him a peaceful mental state and helped him recover from depression. He soon decided that poetry was something he would run after for his lifetime. “People gravitate to poetry because they can find themselves in the poems,” he says. “It allows readers to feel the emotional part of our experiences.”
He says poetry is a great platform to discuss mental health. depression and the emotional stresses that come with daily life. Relieving those stresses is central to some of the work he does with young people Last year. Burnems started a youth poetry producing competition for local high school students.
Burnems says he loves and supports different types of art, and his next move is to explore poetry through cooperation across media Richmond’s paintings on the wall are a good example. He says, “Richmond is getting known for these beautiful paintings on display across the city, and I want to add a literary component to that.”
4．What is Burnems’ responsibility as a poet laureate
A．Creating more good poems. B．Developing his own projects.
C．Spreading the power of poetry. D．Bringing poetry lovers together.
5．Why did Burnems develop a great passion for poetry
A．Poetry made him more confident.
B．Poetry helped him through a tough time.
C．He was influenced by his English teacher.
D．He viewed writing poems as a lifelong career.
6．What does the underlined phrase “gravitate to” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Take pride in. B．Be used to. C．Break away from. D．Be attracted by.
7．What is Burnems going to do in the near future
A．To shift his focus to paintings. B．To combine poetry with other arts.
C．To hold more poetry competitions. D．To help youth with mental problems.
阅读理解专练547
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches (侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications－using apps like Face Time, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility (信任) is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
8．How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls
A．Panicked. B．Confused. C．Disappointed. D．Embarrassed.
9．By taking the advantage of the new technologies, scammers can ______.
A．aim at victims precisely.
B．damage databases easily.
C．start campaigns rapidly.
D．spread information widely.
10．What does the text imply
A．Honesty is the best policy.
B．Technologies can be double-edged.
C．There are more solutions than problems.
D．Credibility holds the key to development.
11．What would be the best title for the text
A．Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted.
B．Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls.
C．Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous.
D．How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology.
阅读理解专练548
When you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.
Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and his team modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.
The results are in the Transportation Research Record.
As for how to stiffen roads Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers or carbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).
This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways — those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.
12．Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1
A．To present a fact. B．To make a contrast.
C．To explain a rule. D．To share an experience.
13．What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions
A．Hardening the road. B．Keeping oil in the ground.
C．Growing trees for decades. D．Improving the transportation.
14．What is the advantage of this suggestion
A．Gaining more support. B．Consuming less money.
C．Involving more people. D．Facing fewer usual obstacles.
15．What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph
A．Those agencies are likely to make more rules.
B．Those agencies will change some related policies.
C．Those agencies might put more rubber tires on the roads.
D．Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.
阅读理解专练549
阅读【湖南省长沙市第一中学2022届高三上学期月考卷（一）】
Besides Marie Curie, these women devoted their lives to science and made significant advances.
Caroline Herschel(1750—1848)
Herschel was ill-treated by her parents in Hanover until her older brother, William, brought her to England in 1772 to run his household in Bath. Later, her brother switched careers from singing and went into astronomy. Caroline followed. In addition to assisting her brother in his observations and in the building of telescopes, Caroline became a brilliant astronomer in her own right. She was the first woman to discover a comet (she discovered eight in total) and the first to have her work published by the Royal Society.
Barbara McClintock(1902—1992)
While studying botany at Cornell University in the 1920s, Barbara McClintock got her first taste of genetics and was hooked. She continued her research at universities in California, Missouri and Germany before finding a permanent home at Cold Spring Harbor in New York. It was there that, after observing the patterns of coloration of; corn kernels over generations of plants, she determined that genes could move within and between chromosomes. McClintock was awarded a Lasker Prize in 1981 and Nobel Prize in 1983.
Maria Goeppert Mayer(1906—1972)
A German immigrant to the US who studied at Johns Hopkins during the Great Depression, Maria Goeppert Mayer, born in 1906 , continued her studies even when no university would employ her and went on to become a chemical physicist. Her most famous contribution to modern physics is discovering the nuclear shell of the atomic nucleus, for which she won the Nobel Prize in 1963. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize, after Marie Curie.
1．Who might Caroline Herschel be most grateful to for her achievements in astronomy
A．Her parents. B．Her brother.
C．The Royal Society. D．Astronomers of her time.
2．How did Barbara McClintock draw the final conclusion
A．By tasting corn kernels. B．By making rough guesses.
C．By making careful observations. D．By researching at universities.
3．Who was the first woman Nobel Prize winner
A．Caroline Herschel. B．Barbara McClintock.
C．Maria Goeppert Mayer. D．Marie Curie.
阅读理解专练550
After graduating from high school in 2019, with only a few simple tools and no prior construction experience, Grankvist set out into the vast Swedish wilderness to realize his dream of building a secluded log cabin by hand- all by himself.
With no construction crew or complex machinery, Grankvist chopped down trees, built a stone foundation, and stacked logs on top of one another to create his humble off-the-grid (脱离电网的) home. The entire project is documented on Grankvist's YouTube channel, where viewers can find several videos of his journey-from braving the Swedish winter to learning how to throw axes.
I must admit that when I first heard about Grankvist's project, my initial thought was: “But what about college ” Did this man have any long term plans for his future that didn't involve building a log cabin What about building a steady career path Did he consider constructing a reliable retirement fund
But as these questions were running through my mind, another one struck me: “Why does it matter ”
Why do we so often measure success by amount of schooling or the so-called longevity of a stable career path If building a log cabin alone in the middle of a Swedish forest will make you happy, then why wouldn't you pursue that instead of a stable job, even if it might mean you make less money in the long run Who's telling you that pursuing such a project isn't the “right” choice
I know it's easy to talk a big game. it's not as easy to drop out of school and pursue your wildest fantasy full-time. What matters is that you never lose sight of what is truly important to you and where your passions lie, even if you can't put everything else on hold. So, in the midst of the rat race, tree by tree, don't forget to build your log cabin.
4．What CAN’T viewers find on Grankvist's YouTube channel
A．He built a stone foundation. B．He used complex machines.
C．He faced up to the harsh winter. D．He learned to how to use axes.
5．Why is the story of Grankvist mentioned
A．To criticize the traditional high school classroom teaching.
B．To explain the fantastic project made by Grankvist.
C．To think highly of the boy for his cleverness.
D．To lead up to the topic of what truly matters in life.
6．Which sentence below can show the author's supportive attitude to Grankist's cabin-building experience
A．Did this man have any long-term plans for his future that didn't involve building a log cabin
B．Did he consider constructing a reliable retirement fund
C．What about building a steady career path
D．Who's telling you that pursuing such a project isn't the “right” choice
7．What message does the author want to convey
A．Have long-term aims for our future. B．Go off the grid and build your “log cabin”.
C．Never talk a big game. D．Make a balance between your passion and career.
阅读理解专练551
Microsoft has announced a policy requiring its contractors to offer employees a minimum of 12 weeks' paid parental leave to care for a newborn baby, paying them up to $1,000 a week. The policy, which affects US- based companies that do work for the technology company and have more than 50 employees, will be rolled out over the next year. It will affect people including the company's cafeteria workers, door keepers and IT support staff.
Microsoft said it was inspired by a new Washington state law for paid parental leave taking effect in 2020. The new law only applies to contractors' and suppliers' employees in that state, so Stahlkopf, the company's general counsel, said they wanted to expand it so it wouldn't leave thousands of valued contributors outside of Washington behind.
The new policy will bring the parental leave benefits of affected contractors in line with those of full-time employees, who also get 12 weeks' paid parental leave, while birth mothers get an additional 8 weeks' paid time off.
"The case for paid parental leave is clear,” said Stahlkopf, in a blog post, citing various studies showing that it improves productivity, morale and retention of new mothers, “Further, when men and women have the opportunity to take paid leave, it can help counteract gender caregiving stereotypes and promote equity in the home and office,” added Stahlkopf.
Ellen Bravo, co-director of Family Values@ Work, a group that promotes paid leave, praised Microsoft for the move. “We applaud Microsoft for the leadership they've given in the fight for paid leave,” Bravo told CNN. “At the same time, we have to ensure the time spent, caring babies does not remain a workplace benefit dependent on who you work for or where you live.”
Microsoft has been under pressure to improve working conditions for contractors after some workers unionized in 2014 and started pushing for benefits like paid leave. In 2015, Microsoft announced it would require its suppliers to give their workers at least 15 days' paid time off.
8．What inspired Microsoft to adopt the new policy
A．A new law in Washington. B．Its contractors' requirement.
C．Its full-time workers' proposal. D．Its general counsel's kindness.
9．If a full-time employee of Microsoft bears a child, how long is the paid leave she will enjoy according to the text
A．15 days. B．8 weeks. C．12 weeks. D．20 weeks.
10．Which of the following statements will Bravo probably agree with
A．All employees should enjoy paid parental leave.
B．Only Washingtonians deserve paid parental leave.
C．Microsoft is under pressure to adopt the new policy.
D．Microsoft employees are so lucky to get paid parental leave.
11．What is the passage about
A．The influence of a new Washington state law.
B．Microsoft improving working conditions for contractors.
C．Microsoft requiring contractors to offer paid parental leave.
D．The benefits of paid parental leave.
阅读理解专练552
Cetaceans(鲸目动物) communicate through sound to find food and to interact socially. Their sounds vary between species and within communities. The long-finned pilot whales can mimic (模仿) artificial noise, but nobody had previously recorded them. A new study, however, found overlap in the cetacean sound book.
Pilot whales and orcas(虎鲸)，the two largest species of cetaceans, are often seen in the same environments and are similar sizes, and both live in social groups with strong union, says Charlotte Cure, a researcher at CEREMA Lab in France, who was not involved in the study. Orcas compete for food with long-finned pilot whales and are potentially their predators.
Evidence from orca stomachs shows they do occasionally eat pilot whales. But pilot whales can mob(成群田住) and chase them away, the only cetaceans seen defending themselves from the strong enemies in this way.
Mimicry could serve as additional defense; “One assumption is that if they use similar sounds, they may not be recognized as prey," Erbe says. Pilot whales eating orcas' food remains might go unnoticed if they use orca-like calls. “This is all underwater," she adds, “so these animals rely on sound for detecting their prey and predators.”Long-finned pilot whales have shown an ability to distinguish between orca calls with different meanings; Cure suggests that instead of tricking orcas, the callers could instead be presenting a new orca sound to other group members.
Additional work would confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring. Researchers could pair their listening data with direct observations of the animals' interactions in the wild or perhaps even play orca sounds and watch the whales' reactions.
But if a future experiment used predatory sounds, it would need to be done. very carefully.“A reaction to a predator can be very strong," Cure says.“In some protected areas, you are not allowed to do more than two predatory playbacks per year."
12．Which of the following is NOT shared by the pilot whales and orcas
A．They communicate through sound.
B．They often live in the same environments.
C．They can defend themselves through mimicry.
D．They always live together with other group members.
13．What do we know from the fourth paragraph
A．The pilot whales mimic the sounds to detect their prey.
B．The pilot whales only mimic one kind of the sounds of the orcas.
C．The pilot whales can pretend to be orcas to share the food remains.
D．The pilot whales can distinguish different meanings of orca calls to trick them.
14．How do the researchers confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring
A．By observing the whales from the distance.
B．By mimicking the sounds in the experiment.
C．By analyzing the data from the cetacean sound book.
D．By listening or playing the sounds and watching the whales' reactions.
15．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Pilot Whales: Copy Orca Calls B．How Orcas Mimic Pilot Whale Calls
C．How Pilot Whales Defend Themselves D．Orcas and Pilot Whales: Predators and Prey
阅读理解专练553
阅读【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2021-2022学年高三上学期入学考试】
Tour Guide in New York
Times Square- -The Crossroads of the World Private Tour
Times Square has a colorful history, one worth exploring. Day and night. Times Square is lit up by the dozens of billboards advertising the biggest brands. Take a break in the pedestrian square and be entertained by performers practicing their trade. You'll be surprised by what you see and learn.
Architecture 101. the Art Dcco City Private Tour
New York City(NYC) is most closely identified with skyscrapers and many skyscrapers were constructed, during the late 1920s and early 1930s, the era of Art e and explore with me the dazzling architecture that has arisen in this city over the last 100 years. You'll be surprised by what you learn.
Central Park Private Tour
In the middle of this concrete jungle lies an extensive green space unlike any other. Designed and built by the famous Frederick Law Olmsted, the 843-acre Central Park has come to capture the hearts of visitors around the world. It's an icon, of greenery, of peace and calm in this fast-paced city.
Rock &Roll NYC Private Tour
You've been a Rock Roll fan for years, and now you're heading to New York. The heart of the best Rock & Roll the world has. New York City has been the center of the music world Tor decades from Lincoln Center to the East Village.
Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Private Tour
The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island remain standing as a physical reminder of the immigrant experience that shaped the NYC people walking through today. A guide from City Walks NY can take you through the history and beauty of the city’s immigrant past, as the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island private tour promises to take you along the historic journey that so many have traveled on.
1．What can you see in Times Square
A．TV shows. B．The Statue of Liberty.
C．Advertisements. D．Rock Roll concerts.
2．Where should you go if you want to have a peaceful time
A．Ellis Island. B．Central Park.
C．The East Village. D．The Lincoln Center.
3．What aspect of New York culture is the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island private tour related to
A．Architecture. B．Immigration.
C．Rock & Roll. D．Super heroes.
阅读理解专练554
One rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus when a young woman jumped on.She had a child with her who must have been about 3 or 4 years old.
The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn't sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open scats. but they weren't together. She was flustered and looked embarrassed.
Then another woman. a little older. stood up and moved so that the mother and child could it together. The mom smiled as a thank-you, And then three words came out of the older woman's mouth that elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: "I've been there."
Simple, undramatic and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite people. Why Because almost all experiences arc shared human experiences. We forget that. as we forge(前进) through life. we focused on our own troubles and needs- which are actually less unique than we think. How can these three words create more connection in your life Ask yourself; "Where am I holding back
One thing I know for sure is this: Healing( 治愈) others helps heal yourself. I noticed this recently with my friend, Tracy. who took a new friend who had suffered a miscarriage(流产) under her wing. Tracy had three of them before having her daughter two years ago. Our minds need a doctor to explain the medical side of things. But our souls need human connection to help us along. No one can do that better than someone who has been exactly where you are.
Can the essence(精髓) of these three words help you make a small difference right now It can be as simple as volunteering your seat. sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone's uncomfortable-----because we're all in this together.
4．Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word "flustered" in the second paragraph
A．angry B．eager
C．scared D．upset
5．What does the woman mean by saying" I've been there" in the third paragraph
A．The woman was on the bus and saw what had happened to the boy.
B．The woman got to her destination and was ready to get off the bus.
C．The woman once had the similar experience with that mother.
D．The woman took the exact scat that the boy was on just now.
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Everyone has his or her own unique problem that is difficult to solve.
B．Doctors can help us get through when we have mental or physical problems.
C．The author's friend Tracy felt better after she was comforted by her new friend.
D．One can indeed make a difference to those in need of help by doing simple things.
7．The passage is intended to ________.
A．show a harmonious world by telling some touching stories
B．praise those who arc willing to help others in emergencies
C．appal to readers to give timely help to those in need
D．illustrate some ways of helping others in detail
阅读理解专练555
The world’s clocks mark every passing second, minute and hour. But to humans, seconds of pain can feel like minutes, and hours spent at a party can end in a blink.
The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this “subjective time” is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.
Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more “time codes (编码)” in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.
“Even though time flies when you’re having fun, when you look back on it, you can remember much more of this extended experience compared to a boring experience,” says Jorgen Sugar, a postdoctoral student at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology's Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience. He’s part of a team of scientists investigating these mental time codes.
The idea that novelty can affect the experience of time also seems to fit cultures that don't measure time using clocks — many cultures rely instead on celestial (天空的), cultural and seasonal events to mark the flow of time. “Our experience of time does vary according to circumstances, and also according to the kind of rhythm of activity we engage in,” says Chris Sinha, a cognitive (认知) scientist working with Hunan University who has studied so called “event-based time” in Amazonian tribes and linguistic minority groups in China.
But other experts aren’t convinced. According to Monica Capri, an economist with a background in neuro-economies at Claremont Graduate University, subjective time isn’t well understood scientifically. Even if higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences, wealthy people aren’t necessarily spending money that way. A millionaire, for instance, may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn’t likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would, she says.
What’s more, she says, there are many factors to consider in how the brain processes time. For instance, according to Adrian Bejan, a professor at Duke University, the novelty of fun experiences an simply war off.
Still, researchers from many fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time. According to Sugar, understanding how humans form and recall memories can affect many aspects of society, such as law, education and healthcare — and perhaps can even aid our understanding of ourselves. “The human brain is the most complex biological system we know,” he says.
8．What do we know about “subjective time” from the passage
A．It has nothing to do with one’s income.
B．Its pace is influenced by a person’s mood.
C．It is a thing that is completely understood.
D．It marks every passing second for a person.
9．How can income influence a person according to some researchers
A．Wealthy people tend to engage more in remembering things.
B．Wealthy people may feel life is relatively longer psychologically.
C．Wealthy people tend to have a better memory than poor people.
D．Wealthy people usually need more time to process memory formation.
10．What is Monica Capra’s opinion
A．She is not convinced that money can extend subjective time,
B．She doesn’t believe that wealthy people can buy good memories.
C．She thinks that the excitement of fun experiences can hardly wear off.
D．She doubts whether higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences.
11．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Researchers arc exploring the mysteries of memory.
B．Many factors can influence how you feel time.
C．Your subjective time may depend on your income.
D．The brain can change your feeling of time.
阅读理解专练556
When asked how technology might improve the lives of people with vision impairments(视力障碍) . Joann Becker, a vision impairments tech specialist, presented a misleadingly simple challenge, saying “I’d like to be able to find my bus stop through Be My Eyes”.
Be My Eyes, which went live in 2015, establishes a direct video connection between visually impaired users and sighted volunteers. The assumption is simple: Many people who are blind don't need any actual assistance in completing their daily tasks, but merely need a little help.
A sighted volunteer might be asked to help identify which of two cans contains tomatoes. In this case, the visually impaired user can cook a meal just fine on his/her own- -all he/she needs is a quick confirmation that he/she has the correct can. The model appears to be working; more than 540.000 volunteers and nearly 40.000 people with low vision are registered on the app.
“An elderly woman can now help a visually impaired technician set up his computer.” says founder Hans Wiberg, who has very low vision. “She doesn't need to know a thing about computers. She only needs to read what is presented on the screen. Then he can do the rest. ”
Early assistive technology centered on dedicated devices(专用设备), because of the niche market(小众市场) , which sold for hundreds or even thousands of dollars. But the Smartphone, multipurpose and near-universal, has completely changed the economy of scale. “There are larger market forces driving high-powered computation, high-quality engineering and high-quality battery management in the smartphone market than those in a specialty product.” says Aaron Stcinfeld, a research professor at the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University.
“The reality is most sighted people don't know somebody who is bind.” Becker says.” They think the solutions that a blind person needs are far more expansive. It turns out they need to be. “I think these apps are enabling sighted people to see that blind people just need some simple clues to help them do any number of things in their lives.”
12．What is the first paragraph used for in the text
A．Giving one example. B．Showing the main idea.
C．Making a conclusion. D．Introducing the topic.
13．How does the app Be My Eyes work
A．By creating a video link between the visually disabled and sighted volunteers.
B．By recognizing which of two cans has tomatoes that can be cooked.
C．By establishing high-quality engineering and computation.
D．By flashing the everyday tasks of the technician and volunteers.
14．What can we know from the text
A．Slight assistance can help the blind free from some troubles.
B．Volunteers should be very familiar with high-tech computers.
C．Only people with low vision are registered to use the app.
D．Joann Becker thinks it hard to find a bus stop using Be My Eyes.
15．What does the 5th paragraph mainly mean
A．The smartphone becomes a special app.
B．Fine devices have changed the economy.
C．Cost matters when it comes to assistive technology.
D．Smartphone market has great economic potential.
阅读理解专练557
阅读【2022届广东金太阳大联考开学考试】
This online course is designed to provide you with work-ready skills including responding to job advertisements，writing application letters and resumes（简历）and developing inter-view skills．
What topics will it cover
● The recruitment（招聘） and selection process
● The job application
● Planning for the interview
● Developing interview skills
What will you achieve
By the end of the course，you'll be able to...
● Assess the recruitment and selection process from an employer's point of view
● Interpret an advertisement，job description and selection criteria correctly
● Model a well-written job application
● Plan for a job interview
Who is the course for
While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work．
Who develops the course
Central Queensland University． It is Australia's leading regional university．Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning．Our commitment to making real-world knowledge and skills accessible to all has seen us being awarded global recognition．
1．What will students learn if they take the online course
A．The way to write a resume．
B．The way to put an advertisement．
C．The skills of talking with others．
D．The skills of improving reading．
2．Who is the online course intended for
A．Trainers． B．Interviewers． C．Job seekers． D．College students．
3．Which of the following best describes the online course
A．Cheap． B．Practical． C．Long-standing． D．World-class．
阅读理解专练558
The British poet Matthew Byrne moved to Beijing in 2013 and felt that the capital city's poetry scene was lacking．His obsession（痴迷）for starting poetry events led to the foundation of the Spittoon Collective in May 2015．“At that time，the literary activity in Beijing was The Bookworm based in Sanlitun，”Byrne says．
While some of Beijing's literary institutions would go on to close in the fall of 2019，Spittoon would continue to grow as a community for poets and writers，as well as musicians and others in the creative scene．
Byrne describes the Spittoon Collective as a platform for people to share ideas，from literary works to different forms of art，with projects developing from the creative energy within the community．
Spittoon originally started as a poetry night at the Mado Bar in Dongcheng District 's Baochao Hutong． Byrne says，“In Beijing，you have these wonderful hutongs，ancient structures where you can walk down and visit cool bars，so I thought it would be good to have a poetry event as it seemed like poetry belonged naturally to this area．”
He adds，“The objective now is to discover Chinese voices and broadcast them to the rest of the world．We create a kind of theme park-like atmosphere where every Thursday is occupied by a different literary style or art form．”
The readings would mainly be in English，but with an international community，a new section called“Poetry-in-Translation”was started，which featured works in Chinese，French，Arabic，Russian，Spanish and other languages．
Joining organized activities like Spittoon can be a major help for those caught up in a boring life．And it's especially important for the people who have moved to China as they need to build new relationships while living in a different country．
4．What can we know about the Spittoon Collective
A．It was closed in 2019．
B．It was set up in 2013 in Beijing．
C．It's popular with literature lovers．
D．It's a community just for foreigners．
5．Why did Byrne start the Spittoon Collective in Baochao Hutong
A．To attract students' love of poetry．
B．To expand China's literature globally．
C．To make Beijing's hutongs famous．
D．To combine poetry with the hutong．
6．What effect would the Spittoon Collective have on Chinese culture
A．Beneficial． B．Negative． C．Challenging． D．Controversial．
7．What is the author's attitude to the Spittoon Collective
A．Unclear． B．Intolerant． C．Doubtful． D．Favorable．
阅读理解专练559
I’ve long believed that positive living isn’t about being optimistic every minute of every day. That kind of permanently happy state can’t be the goal, because it’s impossible to achieve.
It turns out that psychological research finds true happiness comes from authentic positivity, and authentic positivity comes from emotional flexibility.
Being flexible emotionally means being open to the full range of emotional experiences, including the challenging ones like anger, disappointment and sadness. Emotional flexibility means being able to shift behaviors and mindsets to meet different situational needs, and adapting when circumstances change.
However, emotionally flexible people are not chameleons (变色龙) whose outlook changes based on which way the wind is blowing. Instead, emotional flexibility is a skill that helps people judge the complexities of daily life, and stick to their deeply held values.
I’ve learned a new word that I’d like to share with you: Eudaimonia (幸福感). Eudaimonia is the opposite of hedonism (享乐主义), the idea that happiness comes from the constant pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Eudaimonia, by contrast, encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity, growth and honest joy. Both are philosophical approaches to happiness, and recent psychological thought is leaning toward eudaimonia as a more sustainable, satisfying model.
Eudaimonia was first mentioned by Aristotle, who got the term from the Greek word “daimon,” which means “true nature.” Tome, walking a positive path means accepting that we each have positive true nature and permanent goodness. What we learn from the concept of eudaimonia is that we are best equipped to realize this nature when we are emotionally honest and flexible.
8．What is the author’s belief
A．People should live alone.
B．People can’t always be happy.
C．People can’t always achieve their goals.
D．People should pursue true achievements.
9．What do enmotionally flexible people commit themselves to
A．Their strongly believed values. B．Their different needs.
C．Permanent happiness. D．The pursuit of hedonism.
10．How can people gain eudaimonia according to the author
A．By being honest to others. B．By changing true nature.
C．By keeping realstically optimistic. D．By pursuing pleasure constantly.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．What is the meaning of eudaimonia
B．What should we do to keep positive
C．How can we keep happy forever
D．Why can’t people be happy all the time
阅读理解专练560
Every racehorse has different abilities．Like humans，some are short- distance runners，while others are marathoners． Figuring out which is which and how to pace them can be the difference between failure in the finish and taking the award home．Jockeys （赛马骑师） and trainers have traditionally relied on centuries of experience and data from previous races to plan their races．
Amandine Aftalion，a mathematician in Paris，thought she could add to that．Since 2013，she has been analyzing the performances of world champion runners like Usain Bolt．She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．But in medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．
Her model shows how those winning strategies maximize the energy output of muscles reliant on two different pathways：powerful aerobic（有氧的）ones that require oxygen，which can be in limited supply during a race，and anaerobic ones，which don't need oxygen but build up waste products that lead to tiredness．
Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．So she and Quentin Mercier，another mathematician， took advantage of a new GPS tracking tool inserted in French racing saddles（马鞍）．
The two studied patterns in many races at the Chantilly racetracks north of Paris and developed a model that accounted for winning strategies for three different races：a short one(1，300 meters)， a medium one (1,900 meters)， and a slightly longer one (2,100 meters)，all with different starting points on the same track．The model takes into account not just different race distances，but also the size or friction from the track surface．
The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish．Instead，a strong start leads to a better finish，the team found．“That doesn't mean those jockeys are wrong，though．If the start is too strong，it can be devastating as well，leaving the horse tired by the end，” Aftalion says．
12．What should a runner do to get an award according to the text
A．Make a good start． B．Plan for the race early．
C．Run slowly on the starting line． D．Try running quickly all the time．
13．What formed the basis for Aftalion's studying horse race
A．The experience and data from previous horse races．
B．The benefit of knowing horses' different abilities．
C．The success in studying runners' winning strategies．
D．The performance of horses on different race distances．
14．What does the underlined word“devastating”in the last paragraph mean
A．Boring． B．Damaging． C．Astonishing． D．Puzling．
15．What can we infer from the text
A．Runners have the same energy output of muscles．
B．Aftalion's findings may help horses to win the race．
C．What Jockeys and trainers do makes no sense to horses．
D．World champion runners made a contribution to the study．
专题28.答案
阅读理解专练541
【答案】1．A2．B3．D
阅读理解专练542
【答案】4．B5．C6．A7．D
阅读理解专练543
【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．A
阅读理解专练544
【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．D
阅读理解专练545
【答案】1．C2．D3．B
阅读理解专练546
【答案】4．C5．B6．D7．B
阅读理解专练547
【答案】8．C9．A10．B11．C
阅读理解专练548
【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．D
阅读理解专练549
【答案】1．B2．C3．D
阅读理解专练550
【答案】4．B5．D6．D7．B
阅读理解专练551
【答案】8．A9．D10．A11．C
阅读理解专练552
【答案】12．C13．C14．D15．A
阅读理解专练553
【答案】1．C2．B3．B
阅读理解专练554
【答案】4．D5．C6．D7．C
阅读理解专练555
【答案】8．B9．C10．B11．A
阅读理解专练556
【答案】12．D13．A14．A15．D
阅读理解专练557
【答案】1．A2．C3．B
阅读理解专练558
【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．D
阅读理解专练559
【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．A
阅读理解专练560
【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．B
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高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题28.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练541
阅读【广东省广州市省实、执信、广雅、六中2022届高三上学期8月四校联考】
4 Popular Places to Go This Winter
Harbin, China
China Harbin’s winter is for the brave ones—the average temperature is 1.8°F- but those who brave the cold will be rewarded with experiencing one of the world’s largest winter festivals. 2021 marks the 37th Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival (January-March), when massive frozen structures rise and are lit up, transforming the city into a winter wonderland.
Lyon, France
Paris may be called The City of Light,but every December, light takes center stage in Lyon, France’s third-largest city. That’s when the annual Festival of Lights (around December 8) takes over, with light installations (装置)that transform the city’s streetscapes into modern works of art. The city is also home to two Christmas markets (one in La Croix-Rousse; the other at the Place Carnot; through December 25).
Lima, Peru
Peru’s capital Lima is home to the world’s highest number of cooking schools per person. Aside from its delicate dining, the city also has great cocktail bars where you can taste classic or contemporary takes on the Pisco bine that with the oceanfront setting and temperatures in the 80s, and you’ll understand why Lima should no longer be ignored this winter.
Vermont, US
Winter in Vermont means skiing and snowboarding, Many resorts (度假胜地)have greatly upgraded their snowmaking abilities as part of a $15 million statewide program that replaced many outdated snow guns with new, low-energy models.These new machines will also improve the quality of snow surfaces and lengthen the season, meaning this will be one of the best winters for skiing and riding in Vermont in recent memory.
1．What similarities do the first two places have
A．They are decorated with lights. B．They offer snow sculptures.
C．They have three-day festivals. D．They are extremely cold.
2．Which provides a good chance to buy a Christmas gift
A．Harbin. B．Lyon. C．Lima. D．Vermont.
3．What’s new to the resorts in Vermont
A．Skiing and snowboarding. B．A longer winter.
C．Cooking schools. D．Updated equipment.
阅读理解专练542
I’ve worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer since I graduated from high school, but making the transition (转变) between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier. For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be uncivilized, getting to a factory by 6 o’clock each morning is torture.My friends never seem to understand why I’m so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.
There’re few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant,which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.
The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear overnight.Issues like downsizing (裁员) and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
After working 12-hour shifts in a factory, the other options have become only too clear. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale now ring true.
These lessons I’m learning, however valuable, are always tinged (带有) with sense of guilt. Many people pass their lives in the places where I briefly work, spending 30 years where I spend only two months at a time. “This job pays well, but it’s hell on the body,” said one co-worker. “Study hard and keep reading,” she added.
My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.
4．How did the author look back on his summer days while at college
A．They brought him nothing but torture.
B．They were no holiday for him at all.
C．They were a relief from his hard work at school.
D．They offered him a chance to know more people.
5．What does the author say about college students
A．They expect too much from the real world. B．They have little interest in blue-collar life.
C．They think too highly of themselves. D．They are confident of their future.
6．What, according to the author, is most frustrating for blue-collar workers
A．They do not have job security. B．They do not get decent pay.
C．They have to work 12-hour shifts. D．They have to move from place to place.
7．In what important way has the author’s work experience changed him
A．He learned to be more practical. B．He acquired a sense of urgency.
C．He came to respect blue-collar workers. D．He came to appreciate his college education.
阅读理解专练543
President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige（威望） in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.
Why do business institutions possess this great prestige
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.Since competition is seen as the. major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are petition is not only good in itself. it is the means (by) which other basic American value such as individual freedom,equality of opportunity and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government，many businesses compete against each other for profits Theoretically, if one business tries to. take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast often made between business,which is competitive,and government, which is a monopoly, Because business is competitive,many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe,then,that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy（民主）in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的)ideal of inherited privilege.
8．The statement “The business of America is business” probably means ________.
A．America is a great power in world business
B．Business is of primary concern to Americans
C．The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce
D．Business problems are of great importance to the American government
9．Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________.
A．by protecting their individual freedom B．when given equality of opportunity
C．by way of competition D．through doing business
10．Who can benefit from business competition
A．People with ideals of equality and freedom. B．Both business institutions and government.
C．Honest business D．Both businessmen and their customers.
11．It can be inferred from countries that the author believes ________.
A．in many countries success often depends on one’s social status
B．businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
C．American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D．Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
阅读理解专练544
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often (conveniently) referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our Instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
12．The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ________.
A．why one’s behaviors differ from others’
B．what makes different stages of intelligence
C．how social scientists form different theories
D．what causes the “nature/nurture” controversy
13．The word “proponents” can best be replaced by ________.
A．approaches B．advocates C．principles D．characters
14．What can we learn about the behaviorists
A．They believe human beings are mechanical.
B．They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C．They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D．They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
15．The “nature” theorists believe that the blacks’ low scores ________.
A．are the result of the educational disadvantages
B．have nothing to do with their true intelligence
C．are an indication of the blacks’ poor intelligence
D．have nothing to do with factors other than instincts
阅读理解专练545
阅读【重庆市第八中学2022届高三英语开学摸底】
Life and Health Insurance Risk Manager Wanted
Our company has partnered with an international insurer and is looking for a full-time risk manager with responsibility for the UK Life and Health Insurance business. The role is in a small risk team and is suited to a high-performing individual.
Responsibilities
*Support the chief risk officer;
*Oversee the reporting of health and life risks;
*Deliver advice and cooperate with some stakeholders(利益相关者);
*Assess relevant risks of technical pricing and reinsurance;
*Continuously contribute to the capital requirements, internal model review and data model processes.
Key requirements
The individual will be a qualified life or health manager who has experience in risk management or consulting. You must work in the UK---these rules have changed recently, so when applying, please state your qualification to work in the UK. (E.g. British passport, Irish passport, ILR, settled-status, etc.)
Salary
￡70,000-￡90,000 per year and performance-based salary.
Contact information
The deadline for applications is 14th May, 2021.
If you are interested, please apply here or contact the associate consultant Abi Logeswaran at HFG Insurance Recruitment(招聘). Sign in to apply instantly.
We'd love to send you information about Jobs and Services from by email. We do not share your information with third parties for marketing purposes. By applying for a job listed on you agree to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. You should never be required to provide bank account details. If you are, please email us.
1．What do we know about the job
A．It hunts for a chief risk officer. B．It is a part-time job.
C．It is related to insurance business. D．It involves a high-risk team.
2．Which of the following is a must for applicants
A．A professional certificate. B．The ability to change working rules.
C．An Irish passport. D．Relevant experience.
3．What do we have to do when applying for the job
A．Hand in our applications before May. B．Accept the company's privacy policy.
C．Offer our bank account details. D．Give our information to third parties.
阅读理解专练546
The city of Richmond announced that Roscoe Burnems would become the city’s first poet laureate (桂冠诗人), a poet recognized for achievements in poetry
During his two-year term as a poet laureate, Burnems is responsible for being a poetry advocate by providing access to poetry throughout the city and offering opportunities to use the power of words to heal wounds, open hearts and minds, and bring people closer together. He has the freedom to create and develop his own projects during his term and will receive a $4,000 annual bonus.
Burnems’ love of poetry began at an early age when he was struggling against depression. His English teacher recommended him to read poetry, which later brought him a peaceful mental state and helped him recover from depression. He soon decided that poetry was something he would run after for his lifetime. “People gravitate to poetry because they can find themselves in the poems,” he says. “It allows readers to feel the emotional part of our experiences.”
He says poetry is a great platform to discuss mental health. depression and the emotional stresses that come with daily life. Relieving those stresses is central to some of the work he does with young people Last year. Burnems started a youth poetry producing competition for local high school students.
Burnems says he loves and supports different types of art, and his next move is to explore poetry through cooperation across media Richmond’s paintings on the wall are a good example. He says, “Richmond is getting known for these beautiful paintings on display across the city, and I want to add a literary component to that.”
4．What is Burnems’ responsibility as a poet laureate
A．Creating more good poems. B．Developing his own projects.
C．Spreading the power of poetry. D．Bringing poetry lovers together.
5．Why did Burnems develop a great passion for poetry
A．Poetry made him more confident.
B．Poetry helped him through a tough time.
C．He was influenced by his English teacher.
D．He viewed writing poems as a lifelong career.
6．What does the underlined phrase “gravitate to” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Take pride in. B．Be used to. C．Break away from. D．Be attracted by.
7．What is Burnems going to do in the near future
A．To shift his focus to paintings. B．To combine poetry with other arts.
C．To hold more poetry competitions. D．To help youth with mental problems.
阅读理解专练547
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches (侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications－using apps like Face Time, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility (信任) is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
8．How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls
A．Panicked. B．Confused. C．Disappointed. D．Embarrassed.
9．By taking the advantage of the new technologies, scammers can ______.
A．aim at victims precisely.
B．damage databases easily.
C．start campaigns rapidly.
D．spread information widely.
10．What does the text imply
A．Honesty is the best policy.
B．Technologies can be double-edged.
C．There are more solutions than problems.
D．Credibility holds the key to development.
11．What would be the best title for the text
A．Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted.
B．Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls.
C．Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous.
D．How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology.
阅读理解专练548
When you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.
Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and his team modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.
The results are in the Transportation Research Record.
As for how to stiffen roads Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers or carbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).
This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways — those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.
12．Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1
A．To present a fact. B．To make a contrast.
C．To explain a rule. D．To share an experience.
13．What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions
A．Hardening the road. B．Keeping oil in the ground.
C．Growing trees for decades. D．Improving the transportation.
14．What is the advantage of this suggestion
A．Gaining more support. B．Consuming less money.
C．Involving more people. D．Facing fewer usual obstacles.
15．What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph
A．Those agencies are likely to make more rules.
B．Those agencies will change some related policies.
C．Those agencies might put more rubber tires on the roads.
D．Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.
阅读理解专练549
阅读【湖南省长沙市第一中学2022届高三上学期月考卷（一）】
Besides Marie Curie, these women devoted their lives to science and made significant advances.
Caroline Herschel(1750—1848)
Herschel was ill-treated by her parents in Hanover until her older brother, William, brought her to England in 1772 to run his household in Bath. Later, her brother switched careers from singing and went into astronomy. Caroline followed. In addition to assisting her brother in his observations and in the building of telescopes, Caroline became a brilliant astronomer in her own right. She was the first woman to discover a comet (she discovered eight in total) and the first to have her work published by the Royal Society.
Barbara McClintock(1902—1992)
While studying botany at Cornell University in the 1920s, Barbara McClintock got her first taste of genetics and was hooked. She continued her research at universities in California, Missouri and Germany before finding a permanent home at Cold Spring Harbor in New York. It was there that, after observing the patterns of coloration of; corn kernels over generations of plants, she determined that genes could move within and between chromosomes. McClintock was awarded a Lasker Prize in 1981 and Nobel Prize in 1983.
Maria Goeppert Mayer(1906—1972)
A German immigrant to the US who studied at Johns Hopkins during the Great Depression, Maria Goeppert Mayer, born in 1906 , continued her studies even when no university would employ her and went on to become a chemical physicist. Her most famous contribution to modern physics is discovering the nuclear shell of the atomic nucleus, for which she won the Nobel Prize in 1963. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize, after Marie Curie.
1．Who might Caroline Herschel be most grateful to for her achievements in astronomy
A．Her parents. B．Her brother.
C．The Royal Society. D．Astronomers of her time.
2．How did Barbara McClintock draw the final conclusion
A．By tasting corn kernels. B．By making rough guesses.
C．By making careful observations. D．By researching at universities.
3．Who was the first woman Nobel Prize winner
A．Caroline Herschel. B．Barbara McClintock.
C．Maria Goeppert Mayer. D．Marie Curie.
阅读理解专练550
After graduating from high school in 2019, with only a few simple tools and no prior construction experience, Grankvist set out into the vast Swedish wilderness to realize his dream of building a secluded log cabin by hand- all by himself.
With no construction crew or complex machinery, Grankvist chopped down trees, built a stone foundation, and stacked logs on top of one another to create his humble off-the-grid (脱离电网的) home. The entire project is documented on Grankvist's YouTube channel, where viewers can find several videos of his journey-from braving the Swedish winter to learning how to throw axes.
I must admit that when I first heard about Grankvist's project, my initial thought was: “But what about college ” Did this man have any long term plans for his future that didn't involve building a log cabin What about building a steady career path Did he consider constructing a reliable retirement fund
But as these questions were running through my mind, another one struck me: “Why does it matter ”
Why do we so often measure success by amount of schooling or the so-called longevity of a stable career path If building a log cabin alone in the middle of a Swedish forest will make you happy, then why wouldn't you pursue that instead of a stable job, even if it might mean you make less money in the long run Who's telling you that pursuing such a project isn't the “right” choice
I know it's easy to talk a big game. it's not as easy to drop out of school and pursue your wildest fantasy full-time. What matters is that you never lose sight of what is truly important to you and where your passions lie, even if you can't put everything else on hold. So, in the midst of the rat race, tree by tree, don't forget to build your log cabin.
4．What CAN’T viewers find on Grankvist's YouTube channel
A．He built a stone foundation. B．He used complex machines.
C．He faced up to the harsh winter. D．He learned to how to use axes.
5．Why is the story of Grankvist mentioned
A．To criticize the traditional high school classroom teaching.
B．To explain the fantastic project made by Grankvist.
C．To think highly of the boy for his cleverness.
D．To lead up to the topic of what truly matters in life.
6．Which sentence below can show the author's supportive attitude to Grankist's cabin-building experience
A．Did this man have any long-term plans for his future that didn't involve building a log cabin
B．Did he consider constructing a reliable retirement fund
C．What about building a steady career path
D．Who's telling you that pursuing such a project isn't the “right” choice
7．What message does the author want to convey
A．Have long-term aims for our future. B．Go off the grid and build your “log cabin”.
C．Never talk a big game. D．Make a balance between your passion and career.
阅读理解专练551
Microsoft has announced a policy requiring its contractors to offer employees a minimum of 12 weeks' paid parental leave to care for a newborn baby, paying them up to $1,000 a week. The policy, which affects US- based companies that do work for the technology company and have more than 50 employees, will be rolled out over the next year. It will affect people including the company's cafeteria workers, door keepers and IT support staff.
Microsoft said it was inspired by a new Washington state law for paid parental leave taking effect in 2020. The new law only applies to contractors' and suppliers' employees in that state, so Stahlkopf, the company's general counsel, said they wanted to expand it so it wouldn't leave thousands of valued contributors outside of Washington behind.
The new policy will bring the parental leave benefits of affected contractors in line with those of full-time employees, who also get 12 weeks' paid parental leave, while birth mothers get an additional 8 weeks' paid time off.
"The case for paid parental leave is clear,” said Stahlkopf, in a blog post, citing various studies showing that it improves productivity, morale and retention of new mothers, “Further, when men and women have the opportunity to take paid leave, it can help counteract gender caregiving stereotypes and promote equity in the home and office,” added Stahlkopf.
Ellen Bravo, co-director of Family Values@ Work, a group that promotes paid leave, praised Microsoft for the move. “We applaud Microsoft for the leadership they've given in the fight for paid leave,” Bravo told CNN. “At the same time, we have to ensure the time spent, caring babies does not remain a workplace benefit dependent on who you work for or where you live.”
Microsoft has been under pressure to improve working conditions for contractors after some workers unionized in 2014 and started pushing for benefits like paid leave. In 2015, Microsoft announced it would require its suppliers to give their workers at least 15 days' paid time off.
8．What inspired Microsoft to adopt the new policy
A．A new law in Washington. B．Its contractors' requirement.
C．Its full-time workers' proposal. D．Its general counsel's kindness.
9．If a full-time employee of Microsoft bears a child, how long is the paid leave she will enjoy according to the text
A．15 days. B．8 weeks. C．12 weeks. D．20 weeks.
10．Which of the following statements will Bravo probably agree with
A．All employees should enjoy paid parental leave.
B．Only Washingtonians deserve paid parental leave.
C．Microsoft is under pressure to adopt the new policy.
D．Microsoft employees are so lucky to get paid parental leave.
11．What is the passage about
A．The influence of a new Washington state law.
B．Microsoft improving working conditions for contractors.
C．Microsoft requiring contractors to offer paid parental leave.
D．The benefits of paid parental leave.
阅读理解专练552
Cetaceans(鲸目动物) communicate through sound to find food and to interact socially. Their sounds vary between species and within communities. The long-finned pilot whales can mimic (模仿) artificial noise, but nobody had previously recorded them. A new study, however, found overlap in the cetacean sound book.
Pilot whales and orcas(虎鲸)，the two largest species of cetaceans, are often seen in the same environments and are similar sizes, and both live in social groups with strong union, says Charlotte Cure, a researcher at CEREMA Lab in France, who was not involved in the study. Orcas compete for food with long-finned pilot whales and are potentially their predators.
Evidence from orca stomachs shows they do occasionally eat pilot whales. But pilot whales can mob(成群田住) and chase them away, the only cetaceans seen defending themselves from the strong enemies in this way.
Mimicry could serve as additional defense; “One assumption is that if they use similar sounds, they may not be recognized as prey," Erbe says. Pilot whales eating orcas' food remains might go unnoticed if they use orca-like calls. “This is all underwater," she adds, “so these animals rely on sound for detecting their prey and predators.”Long-finned pilot whales have shown an ability to distinguish between orca calls with different meanings; Cure suggests that instead of tricking orcas, the callers could instead be presenting a new orca sound to other group members.
Additional work would confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring. Researchers could pair their listening data with direct observations of the animals' interactions in the wild or perhaps even play orca sounds and watch the whales' reactions.
But if a future experiment used predatory sounds, it would need to be done. very carefully.“A reaction to a predator can be very strong," Cure says.“In some protected areas, you are not allowed to do more than two predatory playbacks per year."
12．Which of the following is NOT shared by the pilot whales and orcas
A．They communicate through sound.
B．They often live in the same environments.
C．They can defend themselves through mimicry.
D．They always live together with other group members.
13．What do we know from the fourth paragraph
A．The pilot whales mimic the sounds to detect their prey.
B．The pilot whales only mimic one kind of the sounds of the orcas.
C．The pilot whales can pretend to be orcas to share the food remains.
D．The pilot whales can distinguish different meanings of orca calls to trick them.
14．How do the researchers confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring
A．By observing the whales from the distance.
B．By mimicking the sounds in the experiment.
C．By analyzing the data from the cetacean sound book.
D．By listening or playing the sounds and watching the whales' reactions.
15．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Pilot Whales: Copy Orca Calls B．How Orcas Mimic Pilot Whale Calls
C．How Pilot Whales Defend Themselves D．Orcas and Pilot Whales: Predators and Prey
阅读理解专练553
阅读【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2021-2022学年高三上学期入学考试】
Tour Guide in New York
Times Square- -The Crossroads of the World Private Tour
Times Square has a colorful history, one worth exploring. Day and night. Times Square is lit up by the dozens of billboards advertising the biggest brands. Take a break in the pedestrian square and be entertained by performers practicing their trade. You'll be surprised by what you see and learn.
Architecture 101. the Art Dcco City Private Tour
New York City(NYC) is most closely identified with skyscrapers and many skyscrapers were constructed, during the late 1920s and early 1930s, the era of Art e and explore with me the dazzling architecture that has arisen in this city over the last 100 years. You'll be surprised by what you learn.
Central Park Private Tour
In the middle of this concrete jungle lies an extensive green space unlike any other. Designed and built by the famous Frederick Law Olmsted, the 843-acre Central Park has come to capture the hearts of visitors around the world. It's an icon, of greenery, of peace and calm in this fast-paced city.
Rock &Roll NYC Private Tour
You've been a Rock Roll fan for years, and now you're heading to New York. The heart of the best Rock & Roll the world has. New York City has been the center of the music world Tor decades from Lincoln Center to the East Village.
Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Private Tour
The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island remain standing as a physical reminder of the immigrant experience that shaped the NYC people walking through today. A guide from City Walks NY can take you through the history and beauty of the city’s immigrant past, as the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island private tour promises to take you along the historic journey that so many have traveled on.
1．What can you see in Times Square
A．TV shows. B．The Statue of Liberty.
C．Advertisements. D．Rock Roll concerts.
2．Where should you go if you want to have a peaceful time
A．Ellis Island. B．Central Park.
C．The East Village. D．The Lincoln Center.
3．What aspect of New York culture is the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island private tour related to
A．Architecture. B．Immigration.
C．Rock & Roll. D．Super heroes.
阅读理解专练554
One rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus when a young woman jumped on.She had a child with her who must have been about 3 or 4 years old.
The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn't sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open scats. but they weren't together. She was flustered and looked embarrassed.
Then another woman. a little older. stood up and moved so that the mother and child could it together. The mom smiled as a thank-you, And then three words came out of the older woman's mouth that elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: "I've been there."
Simple, undramatic and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite people. Why Because almost all experiences arc shared human experiences. We forget that. as we forge(前进) through life. we focused on our own troubles and needs- which are actually less unique than we think. How can these three words create more connection in your life Ask yourself; "Where am I holding back
One thing I know for sure is this: Healing( 治愈) others helps heal yourself. I noticed this recently with my friend, Tracy. who took a new friend who had suffered a miscarriage(流产) under her wing. Tracy had three of them before having her daughter two years ago. Our minds need a doctor to explain the medical side of things. But our souls need human connection to help us along. No one can do that better than someone who has been exactly where you are.
Can the essence(精髓) of these three words help you make a small difference right now It can be as simple as volunteering your seat. sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone's uncomfortable-----because we're all in this together.
4．Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word "flustered" in the second paragraph
A．angry B．eager
C．scared D．upset
5．What does the woman mean by saying" I've been there" in the third paragraph
A．The woman was on the bus and saw what had happened to the boy.
B．The woman got to her destination and was ready to get off the bus.
C．The woman once had the similar experience with that mother.
D．The woman took the exact scat that the boy was on just now.
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Everyone has his or her own unique problem that is difficult to solve.
B．Doctors can help us get through when we have mental or physical problems.
C．The author's friend Tracy felt better after she was comforted by her new friend.
D．One can indeed make a difference to those in need of help by doing simple things.
7．The passage is intended to ________.
A．show a harmonious world by telling some touching stories
B．praise those who arc willing to help others in emergencies
C．appal to readers to give timely help to those in need
D．illustrate some ways of helping others in detail
阅读理解专练555
The world’s clocks mark every passing second, minute and hour. But to humans, seconds of pain can feel like minutes, and hours spent at a party can end in a blink.
The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this “subjective time” is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.
Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more “time codes (编码)” in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.
“Even though time flies when you’re having fun, when you look back on it, you can remember much more of this extended experience compared to a boring experience,” says Jorgen Sugar, a postdoctoral student at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology's Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience. He’s part of a team of scientists investigating these mental time codes.
The idea that novelty can affect the experience of time also seems to fit cultures that don't measure time using clocks — many cultures rely instead on celestial (天空的), cultural and seasonal events to mark the flow of time. “Our experience of time does vary according to circumstances, and also according to the kind of rhythm of activity we engage in,” says Chris Sinha, a cognitive (认知) scientist working with Hunan University who has studied so called “event-based time” in Amazonian tribes and linguistic minority groups in China.
But other experts aren’t convinced. According to Monica Capri, an economist with a background in neuro-economies at Claremont Graduate University, subjective time isn’t well understood scientifically. Even if higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences, wealthy people aren’t necessarily spending money that way. A millionaire, for instance, may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn’t likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would, she says.
What’s more, she says, there are many factors to consider in how the brain processes time. For instance, according to Adrian Bejan, a professor at Duke University, the novelty of fun experiences an simply war off.
Still, researchers from many fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time. According to Sugar, understanding how humans form and recall memories can affect many aspects of society, such as law, education and healthcare — and perhaps can even aid our understanding of ourselves. “The human brain is the most complex biological system we know,” he says.
8．What do we know about “subjective time” from the passage
A．It has nothing to do with one’s income.
B．Its pace is influenced by a person’s mood.
C．It is a thing that is completely understood.
D．It marks every passing second for a person.
9．How can income influence a person according to some researchers
A．Wealthy people tend to engage more in remembering things.
B．Wealthy people may feel life is relatively longer psychologically.
C．Wealthy people tend to have a better memory than poor people.
D．Wealthy people usually need more time to process memory formation.
10．What is Monica Capra’s opinion
A．She is not convinced that money can extend subjective time,
B．She doesn’t believe that wealthy people can buy good memories.
C．She thinks that the excitement of fun experiences can hardly wear off.
D．She doubts whether higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences.
11．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Researchers arc exploring the mysteries of memory.
B．Many factors can influence how you feel time.
C．Your subjective time may depend on your income.
D．The brain can change your feeling of time.
阅读理解专练556
When asked how technology might improve the lives of people with vision impairments(视力障碍) . Joann Becker, a vision impairments tech specialist, presented a misleadingly simple challenge, saying “I’d like to be able to find my bus stop through Be My Eyes”.
Be My Eyes, which went live in 2015, establishes a direct video connection between visually impaired users and sighted volunteers. The assumption is simple: Many people who are blind don't need any actual assistance in completing their daily tasks, but merely need a little help.
A sighted volunteer might be asked to help identify which of two cans contains tomatoes. In this case, the visually impaired user can cook a meal just fine on his/her own- -all he/she needs is a quick confirmation that he/she has the correct can. The model appears to be working; more than 540.000 volunteers and nearly 40.000 people with low vision are registered on the app.
“An elderly woman can now help a visually impaired technician set up his computer.” says founder Hans Wiberg, who has very low vision. “She doesn't need to know a thing about computers. She only needs to read what is presented on the screen. Then he can do the rest. ”
Early assistive technology centered on dedicated devices(专用设备), because of the niche market(小众市场) , which sold for hundreds or even thousands of dollars. But the Smartphone, multipurpose and near-universal, has completely changed the economy of scale. “There are larger market forces driving high-powered computation, high-quality engineering and high-quality battery management in the smartphone market than those in a specialty product.” says Aaron Stcinfeld, a research professor at the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University.
“The reality is most sighted people don't know somebody who is bind.” Becker says.” They think the solutions that a blind person needs are far more expansive. It turns out they need to be. “I think these apps are enabling sighted people to see that blind people just need some simple clues to help them do any number of things in their lives.”
12．What is the first paragraph used for in the text
A．Giving one example. B．Showing the main idea.
C．Making a conclusion. D．Introducing the topic.
13．How does the app Be My Eyes work
A．By creating a video link between the visually disabled and sighted volunteers.
B．By recognizing which of two cans has tomatoes that can be cooked.
C．By establishing high-quality engineering and computation.
D．By flashing the everyday tasks of the technician and volunteers.
14．What can we know from the text
A．Slight assistance can help the blind free from some troubles.
B．Volunteers should be very familiar with high-tech computers.
C．Only people with low vision are registered to use the app.
D．Joann Becker thinks it hard to find a bus stop using Be My Eyes.
15．What does the 5th paragraph mainly mean
A．The smartphone becomes a special app.
B．Fine devices have changed the economy.
C．Cost matters when it comes to assistive technology.
D．Smartphone market has great economic potential.
阅读理解专练557
阅读【2022届广东金太阳大联考开学考试】
This online course is designed to provide you with work-ready skills including responding to job advertisements，writing application letters and resumes（简历）and developing inter-view skills．
What topics will it cover
● The recruitment（招聘） and selection process
● The job application
● Planning for the interview
● Developing interview skills
What will you achieve
By the end of the course，you'll be able to...
● Assess the recruitment and selection process from an employer's point of view
● Interpret an advertisement，job description and selection criteria correctly
● Model a well-written job application
● Plan for a job interview
Who is the course for
While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work．
Who develops the course
Central Queensland University． It is Australia's leading regional university．Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning．Our commitment to making real-world knowledge and skills accessible to all has seen us being awarded global recognition．
1．What will students learn if they take the online course
A．The way to write a resume．
B．The way to put an advertisement．
C．The skills of talking with others．
D．The skills of improving reading．
2．Who is the online course intended for
A．Trainers． B．Interviewers． C．Job seekers． D．College students．
3．Which of the following best describes the online course
A．Cheap． B．Practical． C．Long-standing． D．World-class．
阅读理解专练558
The British poet Matthew Byrne moved to Beijing in 2013 and felt that the capital city's poetry scene was lacking．His obsession（痴迷）for starting poetry events led to the foundation of the Spittoon Collective in May 2015．“At that time，the literary activity in Beijing was The Bookworm based in Sanlitun，”Byrne says．
While some of Beijing's literary institutions would go on to close in the fall of 2019，Spittoon would continue to grow as a community for poets and writers，as well as musicians and others in the creative scene．
Byrne describes the Spittoon Collective as a platform for people to share ideas，from literary works to different forms of art，with projects developing from the creative energy within the community．
Spittoon originally started as a poetry night at the Mado Bar in Dongcheng District 's Baochao Hutong． Byrne says，“In Beijing，you have these wonderful hutongs，ancient structures where you can walk down and visit cool bars，so I thought it would be good to have a poetry event as it seemed like poetry belonged naturally to this area．”
He adds，“The objective now is to discover Chinese voices and broadcast them to the rest of the world．We create a kind of theme park-like atmosphere where every Thursday is occupied by a different literary style or art form．”
The readings would mainly be in English，but with an international community，a new section called“Poetry-in-Translation”was started，which featured works in Chinese，French，Arabic，Russian，Spanish and other languages．
Joining organized activities like Spittoon can be a major help for those caught up in a boring life．And it's especially important for the people who have moved to China as they need to build new relationships while living in a different country．
4．What can we know about the Spittoon Collective
A．It was closed in 2019．
B．It was set up in 2013 in Beijing．
C．It's popular with literature lovers．
D．It's a community just for foreigners．
5．Why did Byrne start the Spittoon Collective in Baochao Hutong
A．To attract students' love of poetry．
B．To expand China's literature globally．
C．To make Beijing's hutongs famous．
D．To combine poetry with the hutong．
6．What effect would the Spittoon Collective have on Chinese culture
A．Beneficial． B．Negative． C．Challenging． D．Controversial．
7．What is the author's attitude to the Spittoon Collective
A．Unclear． B．Intolerant． C．Doubtful． D．Favorable．
阅读理解专练559
I’ve long believed that positive living isn’t about being optimistic every minute of every day. That kind of permanently happy state can’t be the goal, because it’s impossible to achieve.
It turns out that psychological research finds true happiness comes from authentic positivity, and authentic positivity comes from emotional flexibility.
Being flexible emotionally means being open to the full range of emotional experiences, including the challenging ones like anger, disappointment and sadness. Emotional flexibility means being able to shift behaviors and mindsets to meet different situational needs, and adapting when circumstances change.
However, emotionally flexible people are not chameleons (变色龙) whose outlook changes based on which way the wind is blowing. Instead, emotional flexibility is a skill that helps people judge the complexities of daily life, and stick to their deeply held values.
I’ve learned a new word that I’d like to share with you: Eudaimonia (幸福感). Eudaimonia is the opposite of hedonism (享乐主义), the idea that happiness comes from the constant pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Eudaimonia, by contrast, encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity, growth and honest joy. Both are philosophical approaches to happiness, and recent psychological thought is leaning toward eudaimonia as a more sustainable, satisfying model.
Eudaimonia was first mentioned by Aristotle, who got the term from the Greek word “daimon,” which means “true nature.” Tome, walking a positive path means accepting that we each have positive true nature and permanent goodness. What we learn from the concept of eudaimonia is that we are best equipped to realize this nature when we are emotionally honest and flexible.
8．What is the author’s belief
A．People should live alone.
B．People can’t always be happy.
C．People can’t always achieve their goals.
D．People should pursue true achievements.
9．What do enmotionally flexible people commit themselves to
A．Their strongly believed values. B．Their different needs.
C．Permanent happiness. D．The pursuit of hedonism.
10．How can people gain eudaimonia according to the author
A．By being honest to others. B．By changing true nature.
C．By keeping realstically optimistic. D．By pursuing pleasure constantly.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．What is the meaning of eudaimonia
B．What should we do to keep positive
C．How can we keep happy forever
D．Why can’t people be happy all the time
阅读理解专练560
Every racehorse has different abilities．Like humans，some are short- distance runners，while others are marathoners． Figuring out which is which and how to pace them can be the difference between failure in the finish and taking the award home．Jockeys （赛马骑师） and trainers have traditionally relied on centuries of experience and data from previous races to plan their races．
Amandine Aftalion，a mathematician in Paris，thought she could add to that．Since 2013，she has been analyzing the performances of world champion runners like Usain Bolt．She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．But in medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．
Her model shows how those winning strategies maximize the energy output of muscles reliant on two different pathways：powerful aerobic（有氧的）ones that require oxygen，which can be in limited supply during a race，and anaerobic ones，which don't need oxygen but build up waste products that lead to tiredness．
Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．So she and Quentin Mercier，another mathematician， took advantage of a new GPS tracking tool inserted in French racing saddles（马鞍）．
The two studied patterns in many races at the Chantilly racetracks north of Paris and developed a model that accounted for winning strategies for three different races：a short one(1，300 meters)， a medium one (1,900 meters)， and a slightly longer one (2,100 meters)，all with different starting points on the same track．The model takes into account not just different race distances，but also the size or friction from the track surface．
The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish．Instead，a strong start leads to a better finish，the team found．“That doesn't mean those jockeys are wrong，though．If the start is too strong，it can be devastating as well，leaving the horse tired by the end，” Aftalion says．
12．What should a runner do to get an award according to the text
A．Make a good start． B．Plan for the race early．
C．Run slowly on the starting line． D．Try running quickly all the time．
13．What formed the basis for Aftalion's studying horse race
A．The experience and data from previous horse races．
B．The benefit of knowing horses' different abilities．
C．The success in studying runners' winning strategies．
D．The performance of horses on different race distances．
14．What does the underlined word“devastating”in the last paragraph mean
A．Boring． B．Damaging． C．Astonishing． D．Puzling．
15．What can we infer from the text
A．Runners have the same energy output of muscles．
B．Aftalion's findings may help horses to win the race．
C．What Jockeys and trainers do makes no sense to horses．
D．World champion runners made a contribution to the study．
专题28.答案
阅读理解专练541
【答案】1．A2．B3．D
阅读理解专练542
【答案】4．B5．C6．A7．D
阅读理解专练543
【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．A
阅读理解专练544
【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．D
阅读理解专练545
【答案】1．C2．D3．B
阅读理解专练546
【答案】4．C5．B6．D7．B
阅读理解专练547
【答案】8．C9．A10．B11．C
阅读理解专练548
【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．D
阅读理解专练549
【答案】1．B2．C3．D
阅读理解专练550
【答案】4．B5．D6．D7．B
阅读理解专练551
【答案】8．A9．D10．A11．C
阅读理解专练552
【答案】12．C13．C14．D15．A
阅读理解专练553
【答案】1．C2．B3．B
阅读理解专练554
【答案】4．D5．C6．D7．C
阅读理解专练555
【答案】8．B9．C10．B11．A
阅读理解专练556
【答案】12．D13．A14．A15．D
阅读理解专练557
【答案】1．A2．C3．B
阅读理解专练558
【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．D
阅读理解专练559
【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．A
阅读理解专练560
【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．B
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