专题03 高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练（20套含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语名校精选阅读理解专项训练
专题03.（20套精选含答案）
阅读理解专练41
A unique curved(弯曲的)barrier has been designed by researchers at Imperial College London, who publish new findings in the journal Cities & Health on how the structure can protect people from the damaging effects of air pollution.
The health concerns arising from lower air quality are more significant amongst lower-income communities which are more likely to be near roads with heavy traffic. Similarly, children are more readily exposed(接触)to air pollution simply because they live closer to the ground, where heavier pollutants settle over time.
Dr Tilly Collins from Imperial's Centre for Environmental Policy found this issue particularly worrying, especially after noticing the severe pollution in the air while watching her child playing netball in a school playground alongside a busy London A-road. “l started researching the effect of walls along roads,”Dr Collins said. “It became evident that along the pedestrian(行人的)side of these roadside walls, there are vortexes(涡旋)where the air quality can actually be even worse as the pollutants get trapped in them.”
Initially building off simple models, Dr Collins and Dr Huw Woodward, also from the Centre for Environmental Policy, explored ideas of urban design that would mitigate these vortex effects and improve air quality for pedestrians and especially children.
Inspired by sound-walls alongside motorways in Germany and the Netherlands, there searchers found that curved structures would more effectively reflect pollutants back towards the roads and would very rapidly improve air quality for pedestrians in an inexpensive manner.
When asked about the challenges faced during this project, Dr Collins said: “Initially, it was difficult to convince others to get on board. The focus is very much on successfully reducing smoke from cars, but there are things we can do now to protect our children.”
“With increased attention being placed on the challenges associated with air pollution, there is a need for unique and effective urban design, and these curved barriers are able to handle these challenges head on, providing huge benefits to the general public," said Marcus Grant, editor in chief of Cities & Health .
1.Why are children more likely to be victims of air pollution
A.They are shorter in height.
B.They have bigger airways.
C.They tend to breathe more slowly.
D.They like playing near busy roads.
2.What does the underlined word "mitigate" in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Monitor. B.Reduce. C.Predict. D.Explain.
3.What do we know about the researchers’ design
A.It can reduce smoke from cars greatly.
B.It can benefit urban traffic in some way.
C.lt can limit pedestrians’ exposure to poor air.
D.It can be used as sound-walls alongside motorways.
4.What does Marcus Grant suggest about the project
A.It needs more attention from the public.
B.It might come across many challenges.
C.lt is very likely to have a bright future.
D.It should be expanded in more industries.
阅读理解专练42
The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest fires, believing that fires should be kept out of every type of forest. Many of us can recall Smoky the Bear's famous warning: “Remember, only YOU can prevent forest fires”. However, that's not always the case. Under the right conditions, and when conducted safely, fire can create many environmental benefits as well as help prevent larger, uncontrollable wildfires.
After a forest fire, many wildlife species will move into recently burned areas to feed on these newly available foods. Some reptiles and amphibians such as the pine (松树) snake prefer forests frequently burned by fire. As Herbert Stoddard put it, “One of the most harmful things modern man has done to birds has been his attempt to exclude fire from fire-type pine forests. Within a few years most forests choke up with bushes, lose their prairie-like vegetation (草原般植被) and can no longer support birds dependent on periodic burning for their food supply and proper cover.”
If you are asked to picture the forest floor, what do you see Pine needles, cones, leaves, branches might come to mind-all sources of fuel. If these fuel sources build up without any type of removal, the 'fuel load' can lead to fires catastrophic to forests and people alike. In contrast, prescribed fire can be used by forest professionals every couple of years to keep forest fuels at an appropriate and manageable level. They can also minimize the spread of pest insects and disease and remove unwanted tree and plant species. Plus, they can create and maintain important wildlife habitats rich in grasses and promote the growth of trees, wildflowers and other various plants.
Many organizations and agencies work to promote fire on the landscape when and where appropriate. Smokey Bear even has an updated warning: “Only You can Prevent Wildfires,” as the Forest Service has over the last few decades developed policies and procedures to include prescribed fire as a management tool, as well as continuing their work to prevent and fight wildfires.
1.Why did the author mention Smoky the Bear's warning
A.To introduce the topic of the passage.
B.To clarify a misunderstood concept.
C.To show the significance of fire prevention.
D.To raise people's awareness of forest protection.
2.What can benefit birds according to Herbert Stoddard
A.Forest bushes. B.Fuel sources. C.Pine forests. D.Periodic burning.
3.What is the purpose of prescribed fire
A.To put out wildfires. B.To keep the forest balance.
C.To remove tree and plant species. D.To keep the fuel rich in the forest.
4.What might be the best title for the passage
A.One Match Can Start A Forest Fire B.Where There Is Smoke There Is A Fire
C.Not All Forest Fires Are Created Equal D.Why Not Keep The Forest Fire Burning
阅读理解专练43
Electric vehicles are close to the “turning point" of rapid mass adoption thanks to the decreasing cost of batteries, experts say.
Global sales of electric vehicles rose 43% in 2020, but even faster growth is expected when continuing falls in battery prices result in the price of electric cars under the same petrol and diesel (柴油)models, which may happen between 2023 and 2025. According to a study by Prof Tim Lonton, at the University of Exeter, the turning point has already been passed in Norway, where tax breaks(税收减免) mean electric cars arc cheaper and the market share of battery-powered cars increased to 54% in 2020 in Norway, compared with less than 5% in most European nations.
The falls in battery prices in the last decade have been dramatic and faster than predicted thanks to a massive production and cuts in costs, such as reducing the amount of expensive cobalt (钻)required. BloombergNEF's analysis predicts lithium-ion(锂离子) battery costs will fall so sharply that electric cars can match the price of petrol and diesel cars by 2023. McKin-sey's Global Energy Perspective 2021, published on 15 January, forecasts that "electric vehicles are likely to become the most economic choice in the next five years worldwide".
Electric cars, vital in efforts to fight climate crisis, are quieter and start to go faster, so people do not want to return to a petrol or diesel vehicle once they have one. A survey of 2,000 electric car owners found 91 % said they did not want to go back.
“The survey shows the strong and lasting impact of switching to a clean car. The evidence in favour of electric vehicles grows more convincing even in a year as destructive as 2020," said Melanie Shufflebotham, at Zap-Map, which maps charging points.
1.What leads to the growing sales of electric vehicles
A.The rise in petrol prices.
B.The desire for a lower tax.
C.The drop in battery costs.
D.The need for a cleaner life.
2.What can we infer from paragraph 2
A.Policies in Norway support electric vehicles.
B.Economy in Norway outgrows other nations.
C.The market share of electric vehicles will decline.
D.The tax breaks in Europe will continue to increase.
3.How will electric vehicles equal fuel vehicles in price
A.By increasing the demand for cobalt.
B.By boosting the sales of electric cars.
C.By reducing the production of batteries.
D.By cutting the costs of lithium-ion batteries.
4.What is the attitude of people surveyed towards electric cars
A.Tolerant. B.Positive. C.Unwilling. D.Opposed.
阅读理解专练44
Paper is one of our oldest, simplest and most important inventions. But it also presents a danger to the world in two significant ways. First, the making of paper requires the loss of millions of trees each year. Between 2001 and 2019, the world lost 386 million hectares of forest. Of the trees that were cut down, 42% went to paper production. And worldwide use of paper is expected to double in the next 40 years. Clearly, the planet cannot sustain such a high rate of forest loss.
The second great problem with paper is what happens once it is no longer useful. A huge quantity of wastepaper ends up in dumps and landfills(垃圾填埋场) where it can produce harmful gases. Paper in landfills leads to the release(释放) of methane, a gas that is a significant contributor in global warming.
One simple solution can greatly reduce both of these problems: paper recycling. Paper is mainly made from cellulose(纤维素), which makes up the cell walls of trees and many other plants. Because of its structure, cellulose can be used repeatedly in papermaking. So far, trees are the only source of cellulose that can fill the massive demand for paper products. Therefore, recycling paper is simply one of the best ways to save trees.
Thanks to advances in processing, recycled paper isn't the dull-colored stuff many of us are familiar with any more. It now can offer the same print performance as non-recycled paper.
Effective recycling requires a consistent effort. The way to begin is with education and understanding. Once enough people realize the need for recycling, more effective recycling systems can be carried out. The massive loss of trees affects everybody on earth. Everyone should do their part to recycle paper and encourage government and industries to do the same.
1.What does the author want to express in Paragraph 1
A.Consequences resulting from forest loss.
B.The significance of paper in daily life.
C.The disadvantages of current paper production.
D.The severe situation caused by papermaking.
2.Why is paper in landfills harmful
A.It releases smelly gases. B.It results in global climate change.
C.It pollutes the nearby land. D.It may lead to fire accidents.
3.What can we know about paper-recycling
A.It produces cellulose to make more paper. B.The structure of cellulose makes it possible.
C.The color of recycled paper is different. D.It produces cellulose without using trees.
4.What's the purpose of this text
A.To introduce paper recycling technology. B.To stress the threat of global warming.
C.To appeal to people to recycle paper. D.To describe the considerable need for paper.
阅读理解专练45
When answering a question, your silence might say more than your words. A new psychology study has found pausing before replying, even for just a few seconds, can make you seem more insincere or dishonest. That perception(感知) of dishonesty might not be too inaccurate, either. Numerous studies in the lab and in real life suggest people are slower to respond when they are not being truthful, possibly because it takes more mental work to block a truthful response or fabricate(编造）an alternative.
What's been less clear is how well our lies have been fooling people. Some studies suggest delayed answers come across as insincere to the listener. Others find no relationship between the two, and still more have found the opposite: That a bit of hesitation increases our perception of sincerity. These findings are inconsistent and confusing. They are also mostly based on correlations. Even the few studies that have actually looked at causal relationships often didn't consider confusing factors that could also give away a liar or an insincere speaker.
The new research seeks to improve some of those limitations by examining thousands of people under a variety of conditions. Together, it involves more than 7,500 individuals from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France in a total of 14 experiments. On the whole, the authors found an immediate response was perceived as more sincere, while a delayed response, even a delay as brief as two seconds, was seen as more insincere.
"Evaluating other people's sincerity is an important part of social interactions," says consumer behaviour researcher Ignazio Ziano. "It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was misattributed to thought suppression(抑制)or answer fabrication when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful," explains Ziano.
Unfortunately, even when participants were instructed to ignore the response delays in one of the experiments, it only reduced their perception of insincerity; it did not completely remove it.
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph
A. The perception of dishonesty depends on your silence.
B. Preparing a truthful response needs more mental work.
C. The impression of dishonesty isn't always accurate.
D. Quicker replies to questions make you seem reliable.
2. According to paragraph 3, how do researchers carry out their research
A. By studying the findings of several previous research projects.
B. By examining thousands of people in various situations.
C. By collecting data from the database from a new research.
D. By analyzing the circumstances of the responses involved.
3. Why does Ziano say it is unfair for the responder in paragraph 4
A. Listeners should ignore the pauses.
B. A real criminal could escape quietly.
C. The responder may be judged wrongly.
D. The response delay affects people's preference.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A Slower Response Makes You Seem Insincere
B. New Evidence of Being Dishonest Is Found
C. Think Carefully Before You Answer
D. Action Speaks Louder Than Words
阅读理解专练46
There are patches of green taking root in European cities. It is part of a popular movement that started in Asia to clean the air, cool down temperatures, and improve the quality of life of city residents.
This movement began in India with Indian eco-entrepreneur Shubhendu Sharma who was inspired by the tiny forests in Japan created by Akira Miyawak, a botanist who saw this as a solution to regenerate the land. In 2014, Sharma gave a Ted Talk about how valuable the mini ecosystems he was planting across India are. Sharma planted them anywhere he could, near schools, factories, and houses. These mini ecosystems grow ten times faster than conventional forests and are considerably more biodiverse.
Now, Europeans are following his example and tiny forests are springing up across the continent. But first, Europeans had to adapt his methods to the different soil conditions, species and climate, while taking into account the effects of climate change. “Species growing here are more likely to do well and be able to adapt to climate change,” said Belgian biologist Nicolas, “So, I contacted scholars and tree nurseries to identify suitable native tree species and locally sourced materials to improve the soil.”
The first tiny forest was planted in the UK in 2020 in a program run by ecologist Victor Beumer for Earth-watch. He said that the organization plans to collect data about biodiversity and carbon sequestration (碳封存) so that the environmental influence of the forests can be tracked in the long term. There are 17 of these forests now and 21 will be planted by 2022. These mini forests are seen as an asset that can help residents weather heat waves, improve water retention, remove carbon from the air, and the best benefit.
While these European forests are still relatively young and the full impact of them on the environment is still unknown, one thing is a given. Bringing more nature into cities will have a positive impact on the life of urban residents. Being in nature is good for your health, and wellbeing.
1.What can we learn about Sharma from the text
A.He likes giving a talk about tiny forests.
B.He started the tiny forest movement in Europe.
C.He has planted tiny forests everywhere he liked.
D.He is a leading figure of the movement of tiny forests.
2.What is implied in Nicolas’s words in Paragraph 3
A.He used native species to grow small forests.
B.It’s difficult to carry on the movement in Belgium.
C.He chose some natural fertilizers to improve the soil.
D.He has improved Sharma’s methods of growing forests.
3.What can we infer about these European forests from the text
A.They have been taken seriously by the governments.
B.They have benefited local residents physically and mentally.
C.Their influence on the environment arouses the public’s curiosity.
D.The further studies on their connection with nature are to be carried out.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for this text
A.Europeans Have Struggled to Improve Air Quality
B.Tiny Forests Become More Diverse in Europe
C.Tiny Forests Are Dotting European Countries
D.Europeans Decide to Change Their Environment
阅读理解专练47
More than a million tons a year of America's plastic rubbish are not ending up where they should. As many as 1,300 plastic grocery bags per person is landing in places such as oceans and roadways, according to a new study of U.S.
In 2016, the United States generated 46.3 million tons of plastic waste, by far the most in the world. Between 2.7% and 5.3% of that was mismanaged, according to a study in Friday's journal Science Advances. "If you took nearly 2.5 million tons of mismanaged plastic waste and dumped it on the White House lawn, it would pile as high as the Empire State Building," said Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineering professor.
Previous studies hadn't put the United States among the 10 worst offending nations for plastic waste in oceans. That's because the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency only tracks what goes into official parts of the waste stream such as landfills(废物填埋场)and recycling centers.
"The new study provides a more realistic view of our mismanaged waste," said University of Toronto ecology professor Chelsea Rochman, who wasn't part of the study. "We consume a lot of plastic which then becomes plastic waste. We recycle very little of this material, which is a waste of resources."
"A large but hard to quantify part of the problem involves the 51% of U.S. plastic waste shipped abroad for recycling to countries that routinely mismanage waste," Law said. The situation has been converting since many countries have become more limiting about taking U.S. rubbish imports. American exports of plastic waste have declined dramatically since their peak in 2016.
The government is spending billions of dollars trying to fix the problem, with modernized recycling technology and new business models to reduce waste while urging compulsory recycled content standards for new products and packaging.
"The best thing you can do environmentally is to produce no waste at all." Jambeck said.
1.What can we know about the plastic waste in America
A.It is improperly dealt with.
B.It is increasing every year.
C.It is as high as a tall building.
D.It is finding its way into landfills.
2.What did former studies fail to focus on
A.How plastic waste is managed officially.
B.Where all plastic waste finally ends up.
C.When plastic waste reaches its peak.
D.Why all plastic waste isn't recycled.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "converting" in paragraph5
A.continuing B.affecting C.changing D.existing
4.What problem might America face concerning plastic waste
A.The lack of capital for waste management.
B.The lack of modern technology.
C.The seriousness of waste.
D.The limit of waste exports.
阅读理解专练48
"Human activity has wiped out two-thirds of the world's wildlife since 1970," CNN reported on September 10, 2020. Later that month, The Guardian reported that "40 percent of the world's plant species are at risk of extinction". Stanford biologist Paul Ehrlich and his colleague announced that "the ongoing sixth mass extinction may be the most serious environmental threat to the persistence of civilization." Around the same time, The Daily Mail warned that human civilization stands a 90 percent chance of collapse within decades due to deforestation.
These frightening calculations and projections come from authoritative reports issued by international agencies, conservation groups, and peer-reviewed scientific journals. But is the future of wild nature and human civilization really so bleak(暗淡的)
Data from uncontroversial mainstreams sources strongly indicate that both humanity and the natural world are likely to be flourishing rather than collapsing at the end of this century.
Humanity is becoming an urban species, and that's good for the environment, since city residents generally use less electricity, emit less globe-warming carbon dioxide, and have smaller land footprints than people living in the countryside. By 2100, demographers project that 85 percent of people will be citizens, which would leave only 1.2 billion still living in the countryside. That means more space for the wildlife and less pollution from the agriculture.
The global tree coverage increased by 865, 00 square miles between 1982 and 2016. The researchers found that gains in forest area in the temperate, subtropical, and boreal climatic zones are offsetting(抵消)declines in the tropics. The Maryland researchers attribute much of that increase to "natural afforestation on abandoned agricultural land." Furthermore, forests in mountainous regions are expanding as climate warming enables trees to grow at higher altitudes. Humanity does face big environmental challenges in the coming century. But a number of scientific and economic evidences show that most of the trends are positive or can be turned in a positive direction by human ingenuity. Rather than an age of extinction, the 21st century promises to be an era of environmental renewal.
1.Why does the author mention the reports in Paragraph 1
A.To support his opinion. B.To give examples.
C.To introduce the topic. D.To make a contrast.
2.What will happen by 2100 according to Paragraph 4
A.No one will choose to live in the countryside.
B.There will be more pollution from the agriculture.
C.City residents will use more electricity.
D.More space will be available for the wildlife.
3.What can we know about the forest according to the author
A.The forest area is decreasing year by year.
B.The global tree coverage increased so much in 2016.
C.There are more forests in mountainous regions due to the climate warming.
D.The forest area in the temperate zones and tropics is increasing.
4.What might be the best title of the passage
A.The Hopeless Future of Humanity.
B.21st Century: An Era of Environmental Renewal.
C.The Challenges in the Corning Century.
D.Better Environment, Better Future of Human.
阅读理解专练49
Money is the root of all evil and a new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying. Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, US. announced on February 27 that rich people are more likely to do unethical(不道德的) things, such as lie or cheat, than poor people.
The scientists did a series of eight experiments. They published their findings online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS,《美国国家科学院院刊》).
They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that drivers of newer and more expensive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive cars ignored a pedestrian compared with only 30 percent of people driving more modest(不豪华的) cars.
In another experiment, a group of college students were asked if they would do unethical things in various everyday situations. Examples included taking printer paper from work and not telling a salesperson when he or she gave back more change. Students from higher-class families were more likely to act dishonestly.
According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they care less about other people's feelings.
Finally, it simply makes them greedier. “Higher wealth status seems to make you want even more, and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your self-interest said Paul Piff, lead scientist of the study.
Piff pointed out that the findings don't mean that all rich people are untrustworthy(不能信赖的) or all poor people honest. He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts and values in different ways.
1.By saying “money is the root of all evil",the author wants to _______.
A.draw readers' attention to the research B.link wealth with bad behaviour
C.show how the saying proves the findings D.defend rich people who do unethical things
2.Which of the following is TRUE about the experiments the scientists did, according to the scientist quoted
A.Most wealthy people are not trustworthy.
B.The findings were not persuasive enough and the scientists will do further experiments.
C.Drivers of more expensive cars are more likely to break traffic rules.
D.Students from poorer families are not as honest as students from richer families.
3.Why did the scientists do the experiments
A.To show how social status affects people's ethics.
B.To show people's instincts and values in different ways.
C.To test whether the saying “money is the root of all evil” is true.
D.To show the difference between higher-class people and lower-class people.
4.What does the article really want to show us
A.Money is the root of all evil. B.The rich are more likely to act badly.
C.The saying is reasonable. D.All rich people are untrustworthy.
阅读理解专练50
一、
If you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend”. But a dog’s life is much shorter than humans, about 12 to 15 years long, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.
Why not make a clone of that dog then This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has already successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech has introduced its business to UK dog owners as well, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.
To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died. Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg. Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb(子宫)of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months.
The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price—around ￡63,000. But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cell in a laboratory and access it at a later date.
However, magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect copy of the original one. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exactly same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian(斑点狗)clone will be different, for example,”Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, told The Guardian.
Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both random elements that cloning technologies simply cannot overcome, Professor Tom Kirkwood at Newcastle University, UK, told The Telegraph.
Perhaps bringing our dogs back by cloning is not the best way to remember them after all. Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out, “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”
1.What service does Sooam Biotech Research Foundation offer
A.Making copies of pet dogs. B.Giving pet dogs identical twins.
C.Helping dogs give birth to more puppies. D.Helping dog owners love their dogs more.
2.Which order is correct in the dog cloning process
a. An egg is taken from another dog.
b. A skin cell is taken from the pet dog.
c. The egg grows into a puppy in two months.
d. The egg is placed in the womb of a female dog.
e. The DNA in the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin cell.
A.a→d→b→e→c B.a→e→b→d→c
C.b→a→d→e→c D.b→a→e→d→c
3.What can we learn about dog cloning from the passage
A.It has not been put into practice until recently.
B.It is very popular among US and UK pet owners.
C.It might not give the owners an exactly same dog.
D.It is very expensive and usually takes half a year to complete.
4.What does Kirkwood think of dog cloning
A.He disagrees with it. B.He supports it.
C.He is curious about it. D.He thinks it unbelievable.
阅读理解专练51
A new device, an anti-solar panel( 板), can harvest energy from the cold night sky.
The center of the new night light is a thermoelectric generator(热电发电机). The sky-facing side of the generator is attached to an aluminum plate sealed beneath a transparent cover and surrounded with materials that can keep heat out. This plate stays cooler than the surrounding air by giving off heat it absorbs.
Meanwhile, the bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed aluminum plate that is continually warmed by surrounding air. At night, when not baking under the sun, the top plate can get a couple of degrees Celsius cooler than the bottom of the generator. When one side of the generator is cooler than the other, it produces electricity.
Engineer Wei Li of Stanford University and colleagues tested a 20-centimeter prototype(雏形) of the device on a clear December night in Stanford. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square meter of the device — enough to light a small LED or light bulb. The team believes that further design improvements could increase production up to at least 0. 5 watts per square meter. The power production is much less than solar panels, but enough for emergency backup power. A typical light bulb might consume a few watts of electricity, says Shanhui Fan, an electrical engineer at Stanford University who worked on the device. So a device that took up a few square meters of roof space could light up a room with energy from the night sky.
Aaswath Raman, a materials scientist and engineer at UCLA, also imagines using their team's generator to help power remote weather stations. This may be especially useful in polar(极地的) regions that don’t see sunlight for months, Raman says. "If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness, this might be a way."
1.Why is the upper side of the generator cooler than the surrounding air
A.It has cool metal. B.It sends out heat.
C.It takes in no heat. D.It absorbs surrounding air.
2.How does the new device produce electricity
A.By cooling air around it. B.By making a transparent cover.
C.By using temperature difference. D.By being exposed to the sunlight.
3.What can we learn about the generator
A.It occupies much space to set up. B.It's of great use in sunless areas.
C.It's widely used around the world. D.It equals solar panels in power production.
4.What is the engineers’ attitude to the future of the device
A.Hopeful. B.Cautious. C.Uncertain. D.Objective.
阅读理解专练52
There are already a range of wearable sensors that can provide continuous data about aspects of the wearer's body, such as his heart rate, temperature and blood sugar concentration. These devices are available to health-conscious consumers, but their main application is in the field of medicine, as they allow doctors to closely monitor patients' sensitive biological states. Most sensors fit onto the surface of the skin, but newer designs can actually be implanted beneath it. Shaped like a thin thread, these implantable sensors can be put into muscle tissue, using the same straightforward techniques doctors already use to stitch up(缝合) open wounds. The thread-like sensors are also highly flexible, meaning they bend with the patient's movement, instead of limiting it, and can't be forced out of the position where it is fixed.
Some sensors are coated in an electrically conductive material. The flow of electricity along the thread rises or falls depending on various factors. For example, physical pressure can cause the flow of electricity to become controlled. A low power reading therefore can suggest that too much pressure is being placed on the part of the body where the sensor is located. This can be vital in protecting victims of recent skin and tissue damage. The patient can be warned about the instant some movement or posture risks of tearing the tender new tissue growing over a wound that has yet to heal fully.
Other threads can remove fluid samples into containers outside the body, so that these samples can be used for biochemical pared to traditional methods of collecting fluid samples, not only is this new technique much more effective, but it also involves more convenience for the new doctors, not to mention less discomfort for the patient.
1.What's the characteristic of the new sensors is mentioned in the first paragraph
A.They can be positioned inside a patient's body.
B.They are generally used to repair open wounds.
C.They are appealing to consumers as well as doctors.
D.They can be used by ordinary people without a doctor.
2.What happens if a patient is in danger of damaging a part of his or her body
A.The sensor is moved out of the position. B.The sensor's power reading increases.
C.Less electricity flows through the sensor. D.Movement in that area is limited by the sensor.
3.Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word "tender" in Paragraph 2
A.Medical. B.Delicate. C.Damaged. D.Tough.
4.How do the new sensors assist in biochemical analysis
A.By measuring a person's blood pressure. B.By introducing key chemicals into the body.
C.By performing chemical tests inside the body. D.By removing small amounts of fluid for testing.
阅读理解专练53
Good health care depends on access to good information, which our digital devices easily provide. Digital health could be the next big development in how we approach health care.
Digital health might sound like it's intended to keep your digital devices healthy. Instead, it is a term that describes the system of connected devices that can monitor and report important health information.
To really appreciate digital health's potential, you need only look at how digital devices have already changed your lives. Take travelling as an example. Before smartphones, online translators, GPS and the Internet, travel in unfamiliar areas was difficult. You either had to use a map, find a guide, or constantly asked people to help you get from one place to another. Now, all the information you need can be carried with you in your pocket.
The most useful aspect of digital health is the ability to constantly and accurately monitor vital information. The information is then accessible through the Internet, so your doctor has a wealth of data about your daily health. Your doctor can then use that information to make changes to your treatment at any time!
No one would suggest that you should stop seeing your doctor altogether. However, the ability for you and your doctor to constantly monitor your health is a big benefit, it makes it possible to have useful consultations with your doctor online. And reducing the number of office visits could make the entire process more efficient.
Advances in digital health, however, also bring some significant privacy concerns, information regarding your health is particularly sensitive. Patient data could be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, safeguarding your information from unauthorized （未经授权的）access might be difficult. But if managed properly, the benefits of digital health could certainly outweigh the risks.
1. Why is travelling mentioned in the third paragraph
A. To show us the importance of digital health.
B. To persuade us of the prospects of digital health.
C. To help us understand the term digital health better.
D. To explain to us the development of digital devices.
2. Which of the following details is not mentioned in the passage
A. The meaning of digital health.
B. The advantages and disadvantages of digital health.
C. The reason why you shouldn't stop seeing your doctor.
D. Improved efficiency of consultations with your doctor online.
3. What is one concern about digital health
A. The danger that personal health data could be stolen.
B. Rising manufacturing costs in the health care industry.
C. Worries about the side effect caused by digital devices.
D. Government regulations limiting sensitive information online.
4. What is the passage mainly about
A. Health conditions that need urgent attention.
B. The current state of health care training.
C. A technological trend in health care.
D. Rising pressure on health care.
阅读理解专练54
LONDON-A smart toilet could offer a mini health check every time you take a seat, scientists said recently, but privacy campaigners and potential users said the idea sat uncomfortably with them.
The device would identify users through an anal(肛门)scan using a camera fitted under the seat before checking their waste for disease markers, including early signs of cancer, says the US-led team who developed the prototype(原型).
"We know it seems strange, but as it turns out, your anal print is unique," said Sanjiv Gambhir, a radiology professor at Stanford University, who led work on the project. "The smart toilet is the perfect way to make use of a source of data that's typically ignored," Gambhir said. "Everyone uses the bathroom — there's really no avoiding it-and that enhances its value as a disease-detecting device."
A set of devices fitted inside the toilet bowl identifies the users and monitors their waste for signs of ill health which could be shared with their doctors, researchers said in the scientific journal Nature Biomedical Engineering. Such devices could become common place in homes, said Gambhir, as consumers accept health monitoring tools like smartwatches and internet-connected home devices. But many were concerned about releasing their privacy, the researchers found following a 300-person survey to assess acceptance. Three in ten respondents said they would not want to use a smart toilet, with only about half reporting they would be "somewhat" or "very" comfortable with it. The most commonly reported concerns were over privacy and data security, found researchers, who said information gathered would be stored in a secure, cloud-based system.
Despite those assurances, privacy campaigners expressed fears about security problems. "Health data contains the most sensitive and revealing information about anyone," said Edin Omanovic, advocacy director at London-based charity Privacy International. "Linking it to someone's biometric ID risks exposing private details to third parties, either through data sharing or security drawbacks which leave back doors exposed."
1.What does this smart toilet use to detect disease
A.A smartwatch. B.A seat.
C.A cloud-based system. D.A camera
2.What can we know about the disease-detecting devices
A.They are widely accepted.
B.Gamhhir has confidence in their future.
C.Their function has been improved recently.
D.Signs of illness can he removed through them.
3.What can we infer about health data from the last paragraph
A.It needn't be taken seriously. B.It will be treated properly.
C.It may not be shared publicly. D.It can be exposed illegally.
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A.The use of a smart toilet B.The value of a smart toilet
C.A smart toilet without privacy D.A smart toilet with good intention
阅读理解专练55
The head of the Virgin Hyperloop(超级高铁)transport system says the company aims to begin carrying passengers by 2027.
The Virgin Hyperloop system is based on a technology called magnetic levitation(磁悬浮).It uses magnetic fields to lift a vehicle off the ground a little and to push it forward.
Some high-speed trains also use this technology. But unlike trains, a Hyperloop is designed to operate within tubes containing very little air. Electric force moves vehicles, called pods, through the tubes at high speeds. The system offers nearly silent travel and reportedly releases no carbon emissions.
The system's pods are designed to move at much higher speeds, up to 1,200 kilometers per hour. It says such a vehicle could complete a trip between New York and Washington, D. C.in 30 minutes. That would be two times as fast as a jet flight and four times faster than a high-speed train.
The pods will seat 28 passengers and could be specially designed to travel long or short distances, or to carry goods, the company said.
While the system is still in early development, it is predicted that commercial operations could start as early as 2027. Virgin Hyperloop is looking to first develop passenger systems in India, where the transport system is overcrowded, and in Saudi Arabia, which lacks infrastructure(基础设施).
It could be the first form of transportation in 100 years to revolutionize travel, as cars, trains and airplanes did before. "It starts of with two people riding a Hyperloop. It ends with hundreds of millions of people riding on a Hyperloop and that's what the 2020s-the roaring 2020s-will be，"he added.
Virgin Hyperloop has partners that include Virgin Croup founder Richard Branson and the port operations company DP World, which is owned by the Dubai government.
1.What's the difference between a Hyperloop and a high-speed train
A.A Hyperloop runs in a space with little air.
B.A high-speed train travels at a higher speed.
C.A Hyperloop uses magnetic levitation technique.
D.A high-speed train is more environment-friendly.
2.What advantage of a Hyperloop does the author mention in paragraph 4
A.Its size. B.Its speed. C.Its safety. D.Its service.
3.What does the author think of the Hyperloop system
A.It will take a long time to improve.
B.It will replace the traditional vehicles.
C.It will be a milestone for transportation.
D.It is only suitable for countries with heavy traffic.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.A Clean Form of Transportation Is on the Horizon
B.Traditional Transportation Will Face Great Challenges
C.High Technology Brings Great Convenience to Travel
D.The Hyperloop Plans to Start Carrying Passengers by 2027
阅读理解专练56
Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage(绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial(细菌的) infection it's protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive(DS) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics(抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant(DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.
In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.
It's easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn't have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. What's more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on what's happening with the infection, if there's an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDT.
We've been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science—like the nanofibre mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there's the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.
The more work that a bandage can do while it's protecting a wound, the better. Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we've got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what's going on too.
1.What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do
A.Avoid the use of antibiotics. B.Clear out harmful bacteria.
C.Detect bacterial infections. D.Increase treatment options.
2.What is the advantage of the smart bandage
A.It saves much time and cost. B.It removes the risk of infection.
C.It prevents the bacterial resistance. D.It improves doctor-patient relationship.
3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A.Traditional bandages are out of use now. B.More smart bandages will be developed.
C.Progress in science calls for more research. D.People are urged to study medical science.
4.What does the text focus on
A.A successful test on mice. B.A colour-changing bandage.
C.Sensing drug-resistant bacteria. D.Preventing abuse of antibiotics.
阅读理解专练57
When answering a question, your silence might say more than your words. A new psychology study has found pausing before replying, even for just a few seconds, can make you seem more insincere or dishonest. That perception(感知) of dishonesty might not be too inaccurate, either. Numerous studies in the lab and in real life suggest people are slower to respond when they are not being truthful, possibly because it takes more mental work to block a truthful response or fabricate(编造) an alternative.
What's been less clear is how well our lies have been fooling people. Some studies suggest delayed answers come across as insincere to the listener. Others find no relationship between the two, and still more have found the opposite: That a bit of hesitation increases our perception of sincerity. These findings are inconsistent and confusing. They are also mostly based on correlations. Even the few studies that have actually looked at causal relationships often didn't consider confusing factors that could also give away a liar or an insincere speaker.
The new research seeks to improve some of those limitations by examining thousands of people under a variety of conditions. Together, it involves more than 7,500 individuals from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France in a total of 14 experiments. On the whole, the authors found an immediate response was perceived as more sincere, while a delayed response, even a delay as brief as two seconds, was seen as more insincere.
"Evaluating other people's sincerity is an important part of social interactions," says consumer behaviour researcher Ignazio Ziano. "It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was misattributed to thought suppression(抑制)or answer fabrication when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful," explains Ziano.
Unfortunately, even when participants were instructed to ignore the response delays in one of the experiments, it only reduced their perception of insincerity; it did not completely remove it.
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph
A. The perception of dishonesty depends on your silence.
B. Preparing a truthful response needs more mental work.
C. The impression of dishonesty isn't always accurate.
D. Quicker replies to questions make you seem reliable.
2. According to paragraph 3, how do researchers carry out their research
A. By studying the findings of several previous research projects.
B. By examining thousands of people in various situations.
C. By collecting data from the database from a new research.
D. By analyzing the circumstances of the responses involved.
3. Why does Ziano say it is unfair for the responder in paragraph 4
A. Listeners should ignore the pauses.
B. A real criminal could escape quietly.
C. The responder may be judged wrongly.
D. The response delay affects people's preference.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. A Slower Response Makes You Seem Insincere
B. New Evidence of Being Dishonest Is Found
C. Think Carefully Before You Answer
D. Action Speaks Louder Than Words
阅读理解专练58
A robot designed to carry things moves quickly across a field to gather equipment at a sports event. Such equipment, like javelins and discuses(铁饼), has been thrown by competitors. Another robot moves a human-sized screen on wheels. It is designed to permit virtual attendance at the event. And then there are the robots designed to look like the smiling, friendly creatures or mascots that act as the Olympic Games' representatives.
All these robots are part of preparations for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. Japanese carmaker Toyota Motor Corporation presented the machines to reporters earlier this week. Toyota is a major supporter of the 2020 Olympic Games.
The mascot robots have moving arms and legs, and their eyes change to the image of stars and hearts. They cannot speak at all or walk very well. But Tomohisa Moridaira, lead engineer, suggested several possibilities, such as getting the robot to hold the Olympic torch using magnets.
The "field support robot" is a small bus-shaped machine based on a Toyota ridesharing vehicle that is still in development. The field support robot can travel as fast as 20 kilometers per hour. It holds three cameras and one special sensor that lets it "see" its surroundings. Around the top of its body are special lights that brighten when the vehicle is active. Its artificial intelligence helps it avoid barriers. It is also able to vary its path in order to protect areas of grass.
However, it cannot find the objects, which can weigh up to eight kilograms, or pick them up on its own. A person has to travel with the device, pick up the objects and put them in it. Then, with a press of a button, the vehicle transports the equipment to where it needs to go.
Takeshi Kuwabara took charge of the robots' development. He said it was designed to team robots and humans. "Our aim was to leverage the strengths of both humans and robots," he said.
The carmaker plans to use the games to present its new vehicle technologies. These include buses fueled by a special kind of battery, and self-driving taxis. Toyota is competing with other carmakers and technology companies to develop low cost, robot-controlled cars and electric vehicles.
1.Why does the author mention robots in the first paragraph
A.To attract our interest in robot technology.
B.To show us new robot technology in the 21st century.
C.To encourage creation of new robots.
D.To introduce the robots in the Olympic Games.
2.What is the feature of the "field support robot"
A.It can work individually in the field. B.It can sense barriers and change its way.
C.It is a Toyota ride-sharing vehicle. D.It can find and pick up anything.
3.What is the purpose of the carmaker to use many robots in the Olympic Games
A.To show its new vehicle technologies. B.To help save the natural resources.
C.To cut down the cost of the service. D.To free people from heavy work.
4.What can be the best title of the passage
A.Robot Shows in the 2020 Olympics B.Toyota's Support for the 2020 Olympics
C.Robot Assistants in the 2020 Olympics D.Robot Competition in the 2020 Olympics
阅读理解专练59
Educational products are important to the toy industry. In recent years, parents have shown an interest in STEM related toys-ones that help teach Science. Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.
But now, toymakers are working to create products for improving a child's emotional intelligence These toys reportedly not only help raise intelligence in children, but also their emotional quotient, or EQ. Intelligence includes intrapersonal skills—processing information within one's mind-and interpersonal skills, or dealing with other people. Some toys have been made with the purpose of having a child act as a teacher or guide to a companion character.
There is an educational robot called Woobo. If you ask the hairy green robot, "Hi. what's your name " With a childlike voice, the toy will answer, "Are you trying to trick me My name is Woobo. "The robot comes programmed with educational games and activities. Children use its touch screen face to get them started. Toys that work as companions also aid in social development. Woobo can help a child who has autism spectrum disorder(自闭症谱系障碍). The child can communicate with Woobo and he can follow some of the instructions Woobo is giving because he thinks of this as a companion instead of a parent or someone else telling him to do certain things.
A more low-tech companion is a toy animal called Manimo. The manufacturer says this toy can help reduce hyperactivity in children and improve their ability to pay attention to a subject. Whether it's a snake, dolphin or other animal, Manimos can be placed across a child's arm, chest or neck.
The manufacturer explained that adding deep pressure to the body can help calm a child before bedtime. "The purpose of all of our products is to develop emotional and social intelligence, "he said.
It remains to be seen whether a game or toy can improve emotional intelligence. But toymakers are doing what they can to help parents in their efforts to raise well-rounded(多才多艺的)children.
1.According to the passage, STEM-related toys are helpful in ______________.
A.raising a child's intelligence
B.making a child become a teacher
C.increasing a child's interest in Science
D.developing a child's ability to process information
2.What can educational robots be used to
A.Work as a companion to teach a child to be well rounded.
B.Play tricks on the children and make them happy.
C.Help a child overcome his behavioral problems.
D.Work as a parent to look after a child at home.
3.What does the underlined word "hyperactivity" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.The desire to play with toys.
B.The chance to get a companion.
C.The potential for keeping calm.
D.The difficulty in staying focused.
4.What can we know from the passage
A.The function of an educational robot needs to be proved.
B.Toymakers are doing great business to meet parents' demand.
C.Many types of toy robots have been invented to help children grow.
D.With the help of toy robots, children can develop all kinds of skill.
阅读理解专练60
一、
Mice and rats have long been used in medical research because of their biological similarities to humans. Now, scientists have trained rats to drive small vehicles created for them. One of the main findings of the experiment was that the driving activity seemed to help the rats relax.
Researchers at the University of Richmond in Virginia led the experiment. The team built tiny cars out of plastic and other materials. The vehicles had an opening at one end where electrical wires were attached. By touching one of the three different wires, the rat could control the direction of the vehicle.
Researchers trained 17 rats over several months to drive around the experiment containers. The animals proved that they could be trained to drive forward as well as in other directions to get to the sweet treats placed inside the containers.
The researchers examined levels of two hormones(荷尔蒙) in the rats—one causes stress and another reduces it. All rats that took part in the training had higher levels of the hormone that reduces stress. The research suggests the increased relaxation levels could be linked to the enjoyment of successfully learning a new skill. The team also found that the rats that drove themselves showed higher levels of the stress-fighting hormone than those that simply rode in small cars controlled by humans.
Lambert said the most exciting result of the experiment for her was about the possible effects on humans. The research may open new areas of non-drug treatments for people suffering from mental health problems.
"There's no cure for schizophrenia or depression and we need to catch up," she said. "And I think we need to look at different animal models and different types of tasks and really respect that behaviour can change our neurochemistry(神经化学)."
Speaking to the British-based magazine New Scientist, Lambert said her team is planning to continue experiments to learn more about how the rats learn to drive. The new research will also examine why some activities appear to reduce stress, and which areas of the brain are involved in the process.
1.What did the experiment find
A.Rats are able to drive vehicles. B.Rats feel relaxed when driving.
C.Rats can be used in medical research. D.Rats are biologically similar to humans.
2.What does the finding of the hormone examination of the rats suggest
A.One hormone causes stress and another reduces it.
B.Acquiring a new skill brings about joy.
C.Levels of hormone are controlled by stress.
D.Relaxation contributes to enjoyment.
3.Why is the research significant
A.It may lead to a way to treat human mental problems.
B.It will affect the way that humans drive their cars.
C.It may help people train animals better.
D.It can surely change neurochemistry.
4.What does Lambert's team want to find out next
A.Which parts of the rats' brains control their emotions.
B.Why rats have the ability to fight stress.
C.When activities affect the levels of stress.
D.Why certain activities reduce stress.
专题03.答案
阅读理解专练41
答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C; 4.C
阅读理解专练42
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.C
阅读理解专练43
答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B
阅读理解专练44
答案：1-4 DBBC
阅读理解专练45
答案：1-4 DBCA
阅读理解专练46
答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.B; 4.C
阅读理解专练47
答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D
阅读理解专练48
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B
阅读理解专练49
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B
阅读理解专练50
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A
阅读理解专练51
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A
阅读理解专练52
答案：1-4 ACBD
阅读理解专练53
答案：1-4 BCAC
阅读理解专练54
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.D
阅读理解专练55
答案：1-4 ABCD
阅读理解专练56
答案：1-4.CABB
阅读理解专练57
答案：1-4 DBCA
阅读理解专练58
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.C
阅读理解专练59
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B
阅读理解专练60
答案：1-4 BBAA
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