高中英语高考【考前技能篇6】短文改错的解题技巧学案（有答案）

【考前技能篇6】
短文改错的解题技巧
一、 思维导图
二、解题点拨
考点1 名词和冠词
[例1]　[2021·全国卷乙]I love doing housework.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：我喜欢做家务活。饭后， 我总是帮助父母洗碗。
(2)根据语法知识分析：名词单复数误用。短语do the dishes意为“洗碗”。
[例2]　[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假了。
(2)根据语法知识分析：summer vacation“暑假”，是单数概念。
例1　答案：dish→dishes
例2　答案：vacations→vacation
【过关检测】
1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]Any creative ideas which is about school life is warmly welcomed.________________
2．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families. ________________
3．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.________________
4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]When I was little，Friday's night was our family game night.________________
5．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.________________
6．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.________________
7．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.________________
8．[2021·江西省质量监测]Only by tasting failure can we enjoy fruit of success.________________
1．ideas→idea 2.families→family
3．city→cities 4.Friday's→Friday
5．the→a 6.an→a
7．第一个a→an/one 8.enjoy后加the
【技法点金】
1．理清单复数使用情况
(1)单个名词和不可数的名词要用单数。
(2)多个可数的名词要用复数。
2．牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词
advice，news，information，progress，work，fun，weather，music，health，luck。
3．三类位置后常用名词
(1)冠词后常用名词。
(2)介词后常用名词。
(3)形容词性物主代词后常用名词。
4．关注冠词的考查重点
(1)a和an，表达数量或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
(2)若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况，前面要加the。
(3)若某名词是复数、专有名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状)，前面不适合加冠词，应把该位置空下来，形成“零冠词”。
(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。
考点2 介词和数词
[例1]　[2021·全国卷乙]In my opinion，students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：在我看来，学生做一些家务可以受益很多。
(2)考查介词的缺失。benefit from/ by doing sth. 为固定搭配， 意为“得益于(做)某事”。
[例2]　[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]I'm glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：我很高兴知道你已经来到中国， 在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。
(2)搭配识记：come to＋地点名词，表示“来到某地”。
例1　答案：benefit后加from/ by
例2　答案：come后加to
【过关检测】
1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]You can also choose to make changes in famous dramas to enter into the competition.________________
2．[2021·新乡市第三次模拟]There I found many people waiting their orders to be checked out.________________
3．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.________________
4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes.________________
5．[2021·太原一模]After graduating from high school，I'm going to be a computer programmer，which I think is on great demand in the modern world.________________
6．[2021·吉林市第三次调研]Without hesitation，I，under the help of Tom and Mary，carried her on my back to the clinic.________________
7．[2021·河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟]I remember clearly that when I was on my eighteen birthday, my father gave me a present—a picture book.________________
8．[2021·赣州市模拟]In order to celebrate the eighty anniversary of the founding of our school, a big celebration was held in our school last Sunday.________________
1．去掉into 2.waiting后加for
3．在high前面加in/at 4.for→with
5．on→in 6.under→with
7．eighteen→eighteenth 8.eighty→eightieth
【技法点金】
1．关注介词遗漏
①不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。
②作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动词的地点、工具等，不定式后要有相应的介词。
2．明辨介词多余
①及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。
②this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词。
3．牢记相似介词的区别
in, on, at的区别：表示时间时，in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)，on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示具体的时刻。
4．识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用
“只描述数量多少的”用基数词；“强调顺序性，作第几”讲的时候用序数词。
5．注意年龄、年代的表达法
表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in one's＋逢十的基数词复数”；表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the＋逢十的基数词复数”。
考点3 谓语动词误用
[例1]　[2021·全国卷乙]Also，it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：此外，这给了父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，这改善了家庭关系。
(2)谓语动词的误用。分析句子结构可知， what引导宾语从句， 句中的like作动词， 意为“喜欢”，故are多余。
[例2]　[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：实际上，我从七岁就开始学功夫了，但我已经很长时间没练习了。
(2)根据分析可知，本句考查谓语动词时态错误。由“when I was seven years old”可确定该句谓语动词应该为一般过去时态。
例1　答案：去掉are
例2　答案：start→started
【过关检测】
1．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]John went shopping in a store, but he forgot to bring a bag. So he buys a shopping bag.________________
2．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]However, one day, I forget to wear one when I was heading for a vital exam.________________
3．[2021·黑龙江省大庆市5月联考]It not only brings us pleasure but reduce waste around us.________________
4．[2021·江西省高三教学质量监测]We have both achieved success and suffer from failure, but different students has different attitudes towards failure.________________
5．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]There is another thing that should be keep in mind.________________
6．[2021·马鞍山第三次监测]After getting our tools, we were dividing into different teams.________________
7．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]An English drama competition would be held in the school art hall next Friday.________________
8．[2021·九江市二模]Usually, sitting around the table, all members of a family has meals together at meal time.________________
1．buys→bought 2.forget→forgot
3．reduce→reduces 4.suffer→suffered　has→have
5．keep→kept 6.dividing→divided
7．would→will 8.has→have
【技法点金】
1．识别时态不一致
文章前后是现在式但却用了过去式，或前后都是过去式却用了现在式，导致时态不一致。
2．判断并列不一致
在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and，or等后的动词与前面的哪个动词并列，一定要理解，辨别清楚。
3．留心语态错误
(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了一般过去式或现在分词。
(2)主动语态中却多了be以及be的变形，变成了被动语态。
4．注意主谓不一致情况
主语是单数形式，谓语却采取复数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却采取单数形式，导致主谓不一致的情况。
5．牢记情态动词用法
(1)情态动词后一定要接动词原形，但却用了过去或其他形式。
(2)情态动词相互间的误用。
考点4 非谓语动词形式错误
[例1]　[2021·全国卷甲] Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：他们的回答也表明他们不喜欢和别人说话。
(2)非谓语动词的误用。dislike doing sth.为固定搭配， 意为“不喜欢做某事”。
[例2]　[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]I tell my mom that if we're forced eat things, we may become ill.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：我对妈妈说如果我们被强迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。
(2)根据固定搭配解题：be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”。
例1　答案：talk→talking
例2　答案：eat前加to
【过关检测】
1．[2021·吉林市第四次调研]It is rewarding take your time to prepare for the competition.________________
2．[2021·江西省重点中学协作体第二次联考]Please let me to know when you will be free and I will buy the tickets in advance.________________
3．[2021·南昌二模]To solve the problem, I forced myself to reading every paragraph with patience, trying to follow the plot.________________
4．[2021·成都七中热身考试]They watched him with interest, laughed loudly.________________
5．[2021·宿州市质量检测]As far as I'm concerned, the activity gets us to know about the university and inspiring us to work hard.________________
6．[2021·焦作市三模]When I opened the door, my mother seemed to feel a little embarrassing.________________
7．[2021·哈尔滨市第三中学第四次模拟]Felt extremely guilty, I really hope you will accept my sincere apology.________________
8．[2021·江西省高三教学质量监测]They find out the causes so that they will avoid made the same mistake.________________
9．[2021·焦作市第四次模拟]I had a ticket to a show I couldn't attend any longer. I was trying to sell it, but I was having a hard time find someone who would pay the full price.________________
10．[2021·贵州省适应性测试]I think work for a newspaper and reporting from all over the world are really exciting.________________
1．take前加to 2.去掉know前to
3．reading→read 4.laughed→laughing
5．inspiring→inspires 6.embarrassing→embarrassed
7．Felt→Feeling 8.made→making
9．find→finding 10.work→working
【技法点金】
1．理清to的两种命题方式
①多余：感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
②缺失：有些动词，如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。
2．辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词
句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。
3．搞清动词ing形式与动词ed形式的区别
动词ing形式表主动、进行；动词ed 形式表被动、完成；动词ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物；而动词ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到……的”，常修饰人。
4．掌握介词标志
介词后一般需要跟名词或动词ing形式。
5．注意主语或宾语形式
主语或宾语常常使用动词ing形式或不定式。
6．明晰介词to与不定式符号to的用法区别
介词to后接名词、代词或数词，构成介词短语；不定式符号to后接动词原形，构成不定式短语。
考点5 形容词和副词误用
[例1]　[2021·全国卷乙]What's more，doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：更重要的是，做家务是一种从学习中精神放松的形式。
(2)形容词副词的误用。此处应用形容词mental修饰名词relaxation。
[例2]　[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]I'm surely you'll have a good time.
考场思维：
(1)语境含义：我确信你会玩得很开心。
(2)语境分析：系动词be后跟形容词作表语。
例1　答案：mentally→mental
例2　答案：surely→sure
【过关检测】
1．[2021·安徽 “五校联盟”第二次联考]When she had finished, she proud put her cake into the oven to cook.________________
2．[2021·南昌二模]It provides me with knowledge, and convinces me entire that being alone is not lonely.________________
3．[2021·广西4月模拟]Now I've changed a lot. I have become an energy and positive girl.________________
4．[2021·江西省质量监测]What's worse, some even lose heart and no longer study as harder as before.________________
5．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.________________
6．[2021·焦作市三模]The other day, I went home so lately that my mother couldn't afford to wait me any longer.________________
7．[2021·高三“五校联盟”第二次联考]About ten minutes late, we smelt something burning.________________
8．[2021·马鞍山市第三次质量监测]It's a famous park in Ma'anshan. Therefore, some of its visitors leave garbage behind.________________
1．proud→proudly 2.entire→entirely
3．energy→energetic 4.harder→hard
5．去掉more 6.lately→late
7．late→later 8.Therefore→However
1．明辨词性误用
副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中作状语。
2．理清比较级、最高级的误用
①原级和比较级混用。
②比较级和最高级混用。
③在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。
④在没有最高级的词前误加most。
3．关注形近词误用
hard意为“刻苦地，猛烈地”，hardly意为“几乎不，几乎没有”；beside意为“在……旁边”，besides意为“另外”。
4．看清重点连接副词误用
however主要用于转折或对比，意思是“然而，可是，但是”；therefore主要表示结果，意思是“因此，所以”。