2023届高三英语二轮复习名词从句课件（19张ppt)

(共19张PPT)
Noun Clauses
名词（性）从句 英语里就三种从句：即名词从句、定语从句和状语从
句分别在句子里作主语、（表语，宾语和同位语），定语和状语。名词从句在句子中起名词作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，对应的从句称之为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句要用陈述语序，而且不能用逗号与主句隔开。引导名词从句的连接词可分为三种： 1.从属连词： that，whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）等； 2.连接代词： what,who,whose,whom,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等；3.连接副词when,where,why,how等。下面分述各个从句的特点和注意事项。重要连词what最后解读。
一.主语从句
that引导的主语从句
1.that置于句首的主语从句。that 在主语从句中不做任何成分，也没有含义，只起连接从句的作用。一般不省略。要注意与强调句型的that和定语从句中关系代词that 的区别。
eg:That you don't like him is none of my business.
你不喜欢他与我没关系。
2.that 从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语，替代主语从句其常见的句型有：
(1)It+be+形容词+that 从句
eg:It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.
很可能明天会有一场暴风雪。
注意：在It is necessary/important/ strange/natural+that从句结构中，从句常用“should+动词原形”，其中should 可省略。
eg:It is important that you (should)master a foreign language.
(2)It +be+名词(短语)+that从句
常见的这种句型的名词（短语）有：a pity,a fact,a shame,an honour, a wonder, no wonder（难怪）
eg:It is a pity that you didn't attend the lecture yesterday.
你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。
（3）It +be+过去分词+that从句
常见的过去分词有：said,reported known,decided,predicted,
announced,thought,told,suggested等。
eg:It is said that Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.据说屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
注意：在“It+be+suggested/advised/orderd/insisted等+that从句结构中，从句常用“should+V原形”，should也可以省略。
eg:It is suggested that we (should)spend more time in studying English.
（4）It+特殊动词（短语）+that 从句
常见的此类动词有seem,happen,occur to sb(使某人想起）,appear,matter.find out,turn out（证明是，结果是）
eg:It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
1.Exercises.
1.It's no wonder_____ you have achieved so much success.
2.It suddenly occurred to him____ he had left his keys in the office.
3.It is decided_____ the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
4.It is required ____ the patient____ operated on.
5.It is strange ____ a lot money_____given to her.
6.________ （ 据听说 )he is always telling lies.
that
that
that
that
be
that
It is heard that
be
2.If/whether”是否“引导的主语从句
（1）当主语从句可放于句首时，只能用whether,不用if引导主语从句； （2）当It作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用whether或if 均可。但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后直接接or not时，常用whether.
eg:Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.
It doesn't matter whether/if he is late for school today.
3.特殊疑问词（wh-类连接词）引导的主语从句
eg:What they need is a good text book.（教科书）
Whichever he likes will be given to him.
无论他喜欢哪一个都可以给他。
When and where the next Olympic Games will be held is known to us。何时何地举行下一届奥运会我们是知道的。
二.宾语从句
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句，宾语从句可以分为三类动词（短语）的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
1.动词（短语）的宾语从句
大多数动词（如hope,tell,say,know,think,consider,imagine,
hear, expect,suppose,believe等）后可以接宾语从句。
eg:He never admits that he is wrong.
注意 ;（1）动词 find/feel/think/consider/make/believe/guess+it+宾补（形容词或名词+that从句。即这些动词后有宾语补足语时，则需要it 作形式宾语而将that 宾语从句后置。
eg:I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
（2）动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate+it+宾语从句(一般情况下称为固定结构) eg:I hate it when people speak with a full mouth.
(3)动词短语see to/depend on/insist on+it+宾语从句
eg:Please see to it that(make sure that注意做到）you bring enough money when you go out.当你出门时请务必带够钱。
Can I depend on it that(相信）this won't take place again
(4)固定搭配bring it to one's attention/take it for granted that/owe it to sb that+宾语从句
eg:I took it for granted that（认为）they were not coming.
2.介词的宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否应该让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
注意：that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except,in ,but等介词之后偶尔可能用到。
eg:Your composition is quite good except that there are some spelling mistakes.
1.It___ in 1999____ he graduated from the university.
2.Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn't matter_______ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
3.He has made ___ clear___ the meeting will not be postponed.
4.He said (that) the book was very interesting and____
all the children liked to read it.
5。I hate_____ when you can't discuss things openly.
6.The suit fitted him well except_____ the colour was a little brighter.
7.See to___ that children don't catch cold.
was
that
whether
it
that
that
it
that
it
3.形容词的宾语从句
类似于sure,certain,glad,sorry,proud,pleased.disappointed等表示心理状态的形容词后，可以跟that从句或wh-从句作宾语。
eg:I'm sure/certain that he'll succeed.
She was not aware how dangerous it was.她没有意思到当时有多危险。
三.表语从句
1.引导表语从句的连接词有：（1）从属连词that,whether,as if/though;
eg:The question is whether we'll support the plan.
(2)连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；
eg:：Tom is no longer what he used to be. 汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。
（3）连接副词when,where,why,how等。
eg:That was where we camped last time. 那就是我们上次野营的地方。
另外：because,as, like等连词也可引导表语从句。
eg:He didn't have breakfast.That is because he got up late.
注意：The reason why----is that(不用because)+从句。
eg:The reason why he didn't come this morning was that it was
raining heavily.
四. 同位语从句
1.同位语从句常用that引导，that 无词义也不作成分，但不能省略。同位语从句还可以用whether,when,where,why,how等引导。
2.接同位语从句的常见名词有：fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,
informtion,belief,thought,doubt,promise,suggestion等。
eg:The fact that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.有一些国家仍然贫穷，这对整个世界来说是一个大问题。
注意事项：（1）分隔式同位语从句：被与解释说明的名词分隔开的同位语从句叫分隔式同位语从句。
eg:A saying goes that practice makes perfect.常言道，熟能生巧。
Word came that our team won the match.
（2）that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
同位语从句说明其前的名词的内容，连词that 只起连接作用，在从句不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句修饰，限制其前的名词，关系代词that 在从句中作宾语或主语。
eg:The news that our team has won the game was true.(同位语从句）
The news that he told me yesterday was true.（定语从句）
（3）名词doubt(怀疑）用于肯定句时，其后的同位语从句用whether引导；用于否定句时则用that 引导。
eg:We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
There is no doubt(毫无疑问 that our teacher will keep his promise.
（4）表示建议、命令、要求等的名词（如insist,order,command,suggestion,advice,demand等）同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用（should+ ）do(原形动词).
eg:This is my suggestion that you should study well and make progress.
注意的问题
1.what和that在名词从句中的区别
（1）what在名词从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语意义上相当于the thing(s) that,引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数依句意而定。
（2）that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义。 eg:what/The thing(s)that/Every thing that/All that he said is true.
That he said this is true.
3.who和whoever引导名词性从句的区别
who是特指。常保留本身疑问的含义，即“谁”。整个从句侧重指整体的事件。
whoever是泛指，“无论谁（-----他都----)”.whoever意为the person who...或anyone who...,整个句子侧重指人。
eg:Who broke the window is unknown.不知道是谁打破了窗户。
Whoever(Anyone who)breaks the law will be punished.
凡是犯法者都要受到惩罚。
2.whether和if的区别，下列情况一般使用whether （1）当主语从句可放于句首时，只能用whether,不用if引导主语从句； （2）当It作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用whether或if 均可。但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后直接接or not 时，常用whether.
(3)引导表语从句和同位语从句,介词之后引导的宾语从句
（4)后面直接跟动词不定式.
（5）在动词discuss等动词之后，用whether 而不用if.
1.She raised the question___________we could get the fund(资金).
2.To put ____ simply,If you want to be a success in the business world,you need a high level of English competence.
3.When _____ comes to mathematics,I'm completely at sea.说到数学，我完全是门外汉。
4.Police have found _____ appears to be the lost ancient statue.
5.The head teacher said ______ _______________ broke the regulations would be punished.
where/how
it
it
what
whoever/any one who
考点点拨
名词性从句是高考的必考点。语法填空和短文改错对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词上，其中连接代词that 与what,which,if与whether,it与名词性从句之间固定搭配的用法是考查的重点。
1.语法填空应对策略：若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空处一定填连接词，注意根据成分关系确定相应的复合从句，再根据从句中缺何成分确定连接词。
2.短文改错应对策略：
（1）把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系判定是何从句，再根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误。
（2）注意which与that,which与what,whether与if以及其他wh-连接词的用法区别。
Ex：
1.The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88 ,there is evidence_____ they range all the way across the Arctic.(2019全国一卷61题）
2.In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment _what___ is created for them.
(2019全国三卷短文改错）
3.Let's discuss_____ Tom is fit for the position.
4.She hasn't decided _______ to go or not.
5.The practical suggestion came from the representatives___ the new rule __ adopted(采纳）。
that
that/which
whether
whether
that
be
that
how
that
that
whether
that
what
who
what
whether
Thank you