非谓语动词专项练习（含答案详解）

技巧 1 留心并列连词
1. (全国卷Ⅱ) It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This
included digging up the road, ________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
【解析】and 前后为三个并列成分，根据 digging、building 可知用 laying，这三个动词 ing 短语
作 included 的宾语。
【答案】laying
1. 1. [2019 课标全国Ⅲ]On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,________________ （ listen ） to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
2. Pressed from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing
video games.
A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized
3.(2019﹒浙江﹒语法填空)When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
技巧 2 固定搭配要记牢
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid ____________(look) directly
into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
【解析】此处考查固定搭配 avoid doing sth.，意为“避免做某事”，故填 looking。
【答案】looking
1.[2020 浙江]Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change （change）
lives.
2. While regularly eating out seems to_____________________（become） common for many young people in
recent years, it’s not without a cost.
技巧 3 句子成分要明晰
1 . (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the
mid 1980s, and are expensive ____________(perform) consistently over a large area.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在 20 世纪 80 年代中期以来，人们就使用现代的方法来跟踪北
极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。分析句子结构可知，主系表
结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，故填 to perform。
【答案】to perform
分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。
1. ( 全 国 卷 Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese
characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ____________(create) special
designs.
2. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ______ (receive) a Nobel
Prize.
技巧 4 主动表被动要记牢
1. In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant___________________________
（deal） with.
【解析】句意：许多人认为那家公司虽相对较小，但与之相处令人愉快。“主语+be+形容词+动词不定式”结
构中，主语和不定式构成被动关系，用主动表示被动。
【答案】to deal
1. 在 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，主动表被动。形容词修饰不定式。句子的主语和不定式构成逻
辑上的被动关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物
动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
2. be to blame，be to rent 主动表被动。
3. “have +宾语+to do”结构，句子主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。
翻译：
1. 这个人很难相处。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 这篇文章很难懂。
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. 他不该被责备。
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. 我有个重要的消息要告诉你。
______________________________________________________________________________________
技巧 5 非谓语动词有时态和语态
1. He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
A．to act B．to have acted C．acting D．having acted
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：人们认为他干了蠢事。现在丢了工作只能怪他自己。句型“有人认为..
已....”可用 It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结构。从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。该结构
可转化为 sb is thought/believed +不定式的完成式。
【答案】B
非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
其表示的动作与句
中谓语动词的动作
不定 一般式 to do to be done
同时发生或在其后
发生
其表示的动作与句
式 进行式 to be doing 中谓语动词的动作
同时发生
其表示的动作发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 在句中谓语动词的
动作之前
其表示的动作与句
现在
中谓语动词的动作
分词/ 一般式 doing being done
同时发生或基本上
动名
同时发生
词
完成式 having done having been done
其表示的动作先于
句中谓语动词的动
作发生
与句中主语为逻辑
过去分
一般式 done 上的被动关系，表
词
完成
1. There are some health problems that, when ____in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A．not treated B．not being treated
C．not to be treated D．not having been treated
2. So,______ one year of planning，what made you decide then to go into architecture？
A．having done B．doing
C．to do D．done
基础夯实
考点一 非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
1.不定式作状语
1）作目的状语，可用 so as to/in order to 替换，但 so as to 一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；以便”。
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支付
的便利,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。
2）作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：only to do（表示意想不到的结果）；enough to do...（足够做……）；
too... to do...（太……而不能……）；so/such... as to...（如此……以至于……）等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，却发现他要乘坐
的飞机已飞入高空。
3）作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, comfortable,
good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着它最初
的样子。
易错提示
在 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系，且此时不定式通常
用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后
加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
The person is hard to deal with. 这个人很难对付。
2.分词作状语
分词作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的
动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构
成逻辑上的被动关系。为了强调,还可与 while, when, once, if, unless 等词连用。
A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man’s intelligence and creativity. 一座城市是人类的
手与大脑的产物,这反映出了人类的智慧与创造性。
The couple took good care of the baby while occupied by their work.这对夫妇一边工作，一边很好地照顾着婴儿。
易错提示
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的词和短语有：located （坐落
于）, lost（迷路的）, seated（坐着的）, hidden（躲着的）, lost/absorbed/buried in（沉溺于）, dressed in（穿
着）, tired of（对……厌烦）, faced with（面对着）。
Faced with the great challenge, I didn’t lose heart. 面对巨大的挑战，我没有灰心。
考点二 非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
1）不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。若不定式与其所修饰的词之间是被动关系，且
该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.我在整个会议期间一直看表，因为我要
赶火车。
2）序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only
等词后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。注意:该名词或代词是作定语的非谓语动词的执
行者。
He was the first guest to arrive.他是第一个到的客人。
3）被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有：ability, chance, wish, excuse, promise,
attempt, way 等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让它（意志力）
成为一种习惯。
2.分词作定语
1）及物动词的分词形式作定语
doing被修饰的名词与分词之间为主There were millions of peoplewatchingthe opening ceremony live on TV.
动关系 有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
being被修饰的名词与分词之间为被The questionbeing discussednow is very important.现在正在被讨论的问
done 动关系且表示正在进行 题很重要。
done 被修饰的名词与分词之间为被I’d like you to look at a studyconductedin Australia in 2012.我想让你们看
动关系且表完成 一项 2012 年在澳大利亚进行的研究。
2）不及物动词的分词形式作定语
现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示动作已完成,不表被动。
falling leaves 正在落下的叶子（表正在进行）
fallen leaves 落叶（表完成）
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
1.通常接不定式作宾语的动词
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree,
ask/beg, help
I have decided to study engineering.我已经决定学工程学。
易错提示
allow, permit, advise 后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补，即
allow/permit/advise doing/sb. to do sth.。
2.通常接动名词作宾语的动词及短语
admit, avoid, consider, escape（避开）, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to,
look forward to 等。此外，have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth.结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我避开提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
3.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
｛forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
｛regret to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔
｛remember to do sth.记得去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事
｛stop to do sth.停下来做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
｛try to do sth.尽力去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事
｛go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事
｛mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
｛can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
I remembered locking the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室之前记得锁
门了，但却忘记关灯了。
易错提示
1）动词 want, need, require 作“需要”讲时，其后要用 v.-ing 形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与
此用法相同的动词还有 deserve（值得）。
The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. （window 与 clean 之间存在被动关系）
2）不定式作动词（短语）learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等
的宾语时，前面常带引导词 how, what, whether, where, when, who 等。
4.作介词的宾语时,要用动名词形式,不能用动词不定式。
be/get used to, feel like, insist on, get down to, devote...to..., object to, stick to, have difficulty/trouble （in）; have
fun （in）。
I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now deal with students. 我过去航海和现在与学生们打交道一样开心。
易错提示
介词后一般要接 v.-ing 形式作宾语，但介词 but/except 后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词 do，不定式要
省略 to。
We can do nothing but wait.除了等待我们别无选择。
考点四 非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主动关系。常用不定式作宾补的动词（短语）有：advise,
allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell,
want, warn, wish, call on, depend on 等。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们期
望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们一个可以依赖的替代品。
易错提示
1）有些动词，如 think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand 等后常用 to be 作宾补或主补。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳
的人民。
2）在 sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done 结构中，用不定式作主语补足
语。
The president was reported to have visited China.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
2.现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主动关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的
常见动词：see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel, have, get, find, leave, keep, catch 等。
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help？听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
3.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在被动关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词有：see, watch,
observe, notice, hear, feel, have, make, get, find, leave, keep 等。
I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken.我需要一本新护照,因此我得拍张照片。
4.使役动词 have, get 后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have sth. done＝get sth. done 让别人做某事；②have
sb./sth. doing 让……一直做某事；get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事；③have sb. do sth. ＝get sb. to do sth.
让某人做某事。
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
5.with 的复合结构：
①with＋宾语＋doing 表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；
②with＋宾语＋done 表示被动或完成；
③with＋宾语＋to do 表示将要发生的动作。
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.这老两口常常在晚饭
后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn’t seem likely that John will finish the job.离截止日期不
远了，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With a lot of work to do, she wasn’t allowed to leave her office.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
考点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
1）不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用 it 作形式主语而将不定式后置。
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。
2）不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是 aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice 等词时，
常用不定式作表语；主语为 what 引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What I want to do most in senior high is （to） improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水
平。（不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词 do 的某种形式，作表语的不定式常省略 to。）
2.动名词作主语和表语
1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。常用
动名词作真正主语的句型有：It’s a waste of time doing...；It’s no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...。
Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次
既有趣又有益的经历。
It’s no use just complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
2）动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My job is cleaning the house three times a week.（＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.）我的工作
是每星期打扫三次房子。
3）remain 作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚
待……；留待……”时，后常接 to be done。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站
着。
It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.新成立的委员会提
出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
模拟演练
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. My neighbors volunteered ________（take） care of my pet dog while I was on vacation last summer.
2. Nothing will keep this plan from ________（carry）out.
3. ________（contribute）to the 21st Century regularly, he finds his English greatly improved.
4. Previous to ________(draw) a conclusion, please take all aspects into consideration.
5. It is wise ________(assign) special exercises to the weaker students.
6. Yet there is evidence ________ (suggest) that the trend is growing.
7. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ________ during the day.
8. I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy______(cook).
9. The couple often take their children abroad for holiday,_______ (expose) them to different cultures.
10. Tom is our manager who is easy_________ (get) along with.
11. I used to hate__________（tease）about my red hair when I was at school.
12. This is an organization_______ (make) up of eight countries.
13. This is an organization_______ (consist) of eight countries.
ing out of this experience, I realize it is OK ________(be) different from others…
15. It is difficult ________ (figure) out a global population of polar bears…
16. The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise
________ (skip) eating first.
17. How ________ (facilitate) the cooperation between the two cities is still a problem.
18. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how ________ (read ) fast.
19. When and where ________(vote) hasn’t been decided.
20. It took the doctor about half an hour ________(examine) the eyes of the baby.
21. It is wrong for you ________(skip) breakfast.
22. Apparently, it is not right ________(skip)class. You’d better not do that.
23. Tom delayed his composition, for the first sentence was so hard ________(compose).
24. I’m sorry ________(disturb) you so late, but my car’s broken down and I don’t have my phone with me.
25. Five doctors and ten nurses, ________(compose) the rescue team, were sent to the earthquake-hit area this
morning.
26. It is easy for me ________(learn)how to drive.
27. You mean it’s no use________(repair)the old bicycles, but I think they need ________(repair)at once.
28. It took us half an hour ________(arrive) there by plane.
29. It is great fun ________(visit) Qinhuangdao.
30. ________ (help) others in need made him really happy.
31. It is difficult ________(understand) why she barks every minute.
32. ________ (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
33. The restaurant, _______(base) on trust, is working all right.
34. Next month the city will build a new park ________(honour) those who died in the terrible disaster.
35. ________(volunteer) gives you a chance to change lives, including your own.
36. The processes take place to stop our brains ________(become) loaded with memories.
37. My deskmate enjoys ________(listen) to pop music.
38. Jack wants to invite you ________（make）a speech for his company.
39. _________(transform) a small stage into the whole universe to some extent, Peking Opera appeals to fans from
many walks of life.
40. __________ (absorb) in the book, he forgot the time for dinner.
二、单项选择
41. With the camera still ________ to my eye, I turned and froze. With water ________ off its thick, brown hair,
the bear stared back at me.
A. held; falling B. held; fallen C. holding; falling D. holding; fallen
42. _______ Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.
A. Follow B. Followed C. Following D. To follow
43. Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ open on the table and disappeared in the distance.
A. leaving; lying B. to leave; to lie C. left; laid D. leaving; laid
44. —Is Rachel still performing
—I’m afraid not. She is said ______ the stage already as she has become an official.
A. to leave B. left C. to have left D. leaving
45. Much disappointed as he was________in the job interview, he still had great confidence in his abilities.
A. to have failed B. to fail C. having failed D. failing
46. The outbreak of the coronavirus has led to over thousands of people________to hospital for treatment,
________the world to be in deep sorrow.
A. sent; causing B. sent; having caused
C. being sent; causing D. being sent; having caused
47. -I have heard that Ms. Smith was the first________to our office today
-Yes. But with the work________, she left early.
A. coming; done B. coming; to be done
C. to come; done D. to come; to be done
48. I am impressed with China’s commitment to its climate goals,________ by the fact________China has met its
2025 targets three years ahead of schedule.
A. evidenced; that B. evidenced; which
C. was evidenced; that D. was evidenced; which
49. That gas pipeline project,________in July 2020 and________in 2023, will benefit several cities along the
eastern coast.
A. starting; completing B. started: to be completed
C. to start; completed D. starting; completed
50. ________ you go abroad, it is likely that you will have trouble________the new life.
A. The first time; adjusting to B. For the first time; adjusting to
C. The first time; to adjust to D. For the first time; to adjust to
51. ________ their son’s response letter, the concerned parents wrote another one and had it________at once.
A. Having not received; deliver B. Having not received; delivered
C. Not having received; deliver D. Not having received; delivered
52. Robin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense.句子中非谓语动词是：
A. agrees B. thinks C. starting D. makes
53. The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag________the original blue box________the
notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.
A. containing; where B. to contain; which C. containing; / D. to contain; that
54. The four countries use the same flag, as the Union Jack, and share the same currency.
A. knowing B. to know C. known D. was known
55. True friends are people who face extreme hardship to save each other.
A. are about to B. are blind to C. are willing to D. are likely to
三、根据所给汉语提示填空
56. ________(无事可做) and he just sits there absent-minded.
57. There are some citizens ________(站在画廊前).
58. There is a red car ________（停在房子外面）.
59. The genuine captain ________ (承诺回来) to save the sailors trapped on Elephant Island.
60. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and ________（生火）.
61. I would like to___________(表达感谢) for your kindness.
62. ________ (说老实话), I don’t really want to go to the party tonight.
63. The question is ________(怎样拆卸) the machine.
64. ________ (何时装修) the house hasn’t been decided.
65. They didn’t decide ________(在哪里举行) the debate.
66. ________(不吃早餐)often will have a negative effect on your physical and mental health.
67. Oscar was crsticised by the head teacher for ________(逃学) yesterday.
68. She stopped________ (与她父亲通信)after the death of her mother.
69. A secretary came in twice a week to________ (处理他的信件).
70. The prisoners continued to________（申明他们无罪）。
71. Use the information to________（填空）on your form.
72. I sincerely hope Tom’s mother will be able ________( 让 他 洗 心 革 面 ). Besides, Tom has promised
________(改过自新).
73. The ambitious man is bound to __________________ (取得巨大的成就) in his field in the future.
74. __________________（我发现父亲坐在他的椅子里）, completely absorbed in a magazine.
75. We managed to _____________________ the victim(使……苏醒过来).
76. I'm sorry. I recognise that I have to ________（控制）my temper.
77. I try not ________(焦虑不安) when things go wrong.
78. She decided to resign from the organization rather than ________(屈从于……) the new rules.
79. The committee is due to ________________________(做出决定)this week.
80. You can ________________________(相信我保守) your secret.
81. I’m sorry to have ________________(让你一直等)for such a long time.
82. He was accused of ________________________ (虐待他的妻子)last week.
83. Some of them are also later sold, in order to ________（限制……的数量）ponies according to the rules set by
Natural England.
84. ________(为了表示我们的尊敬), we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.
85. She tried to________（把她的注意力集中于）her work.
86. The president agreed, ________ (补充说) he hoped for a peaceful solution.
87. The government has taken measures to ________(降低)the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
88. The most important thing to the company is to ________(引入) new equipment.
89. It has enhanced the quality of my life, ________(增强我的健康, 提升我的幸福).
90. ________(改变坏习惯) is never easy, even with many attempts.
91. Just a few days after the signs went up, he ____________________ (发现人们坐在那儿) and engaging in
active and joyful conversations.
92. ________ (也许理解西方艺术的最好的方法) is to look at the development of Western painting over the
centuries.
93. _______________________ (为了应对这一危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at
Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
94. The crucial thing is ________(使用肢体语言) in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
95. However, you should avoid ________ (使用这个手势) in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
四、语法填空
1
Luoyang is one of the cities in China ___96___ artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed
like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple ___97___ （build）in the city. This special
spot is not only the hometown of China’s most famous ___98___ （invent）including papermaking, printing and
the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters.
Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow
River in Central China's Henan Province and ___99___ （surround）by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies
___100___ important strategic（战略的）location.
As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid
historical and ___101___ （culture）background. Its long history endows（赋予）it with rich culture, which is
___102___ （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known ___103___ the“City of
Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang ___104___ （appreciate） the beautiful peony. Luoyang is now
an energetic and charming tourist place that _____105_____ （welcome）guests from all over the world to explore
its glorious past.
2
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Seventy-five-year-old Xiao Luying is the vice-captain of a team of volunteers engaged in cleaning floating
trash from the Yangtze River. The team, ___106___ (form) in 2019, is made up of more than 50 local ex-fishermen
aged over 60, ___107___ the average.
“We have lived along the Yangtze River since childhood and want to do our part in protecting it,” said Xiao
from a village of Anhui Province. Sixty-year-old Ma Mingsuo is one of the team, who has fished for over 40 years.
Upon ___108___ (end) his fishing career, this old fisherman turned to apply his sailing experience to protecting the
mother river. “It’s good that my skill can still be used to clean the garbage in the river, ___109___ will also benefit
the future generations,” said Ma.
Each month, this ___110___ (volunteer) team patrols (巡逻 ) 15 km of waterways three ___111___ (time),
collecting trash and preventing people from fishing on the river. The trash collected by them ___112___ (send) to
the garbage disposal station on the shore, while the recyclable waste such as plastic bottles is sold.
In over a year, the team of volunteers has grown from 13 members to over 50. Up to now, they
___113___(clean) over 50 tons of floating waste. “We will continue to protect the Yangtze River until we are
___114___ old to handle the boat, as it’s a career ____115____ (real) deserving our time and energy,” said Xiao.
3
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study shows that ____116____ two countries with the world’s ____117____ (large) populations are
leading the increase in greening on land. The effect comes ____118____ (main) from ambitious tree ____119____
(plant) programs in China and agriculture in both countries.
China alone accounts ____120____ 25% of the global increase in leaf area with only 6.6% of global vegetated
(有植物的) area. The greening in China is from forests (42%) and croplands (32%).
China’s outsized ____121____ (contribute) comes in large part from programs intended ____122____
(protect) and expand forests, in an effort to reduce the effects of soil erosion (侵蚀 ), air pollution and climate
change.
Taken all together, the greening of the planet represents an increase in leaf area of plants and trees equal to the
area ____123____ is covered by all the Amazon rainforests.
Land area ____124____ (use) to grow crops is comparable in China and India and _____125_____ (change)
very little since the early 2000s. Yet the countries have greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area and
their food production.
4
Scientists have stated the physical and psychological benefits of being in green space. Walking among the
trees ____126____(enhance) your well-being. But there’s more to nature’s gifts ____127____ just the greens of
trees and grass. Blues have benefits too, a new study finds.
Short walks in blue space can have a positive effect ____128____ your well-being and mood, according to
research ____129____(lead) by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal). Blue space includes
beaches, rivers, lakes and other areas featuring water.
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of the Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative at ISGlobal, and his
colleagues conducted many ____130____(study). During a one-week period, adults spent 20 minutes each day
walking on a beach. Then, during a different week, they spent 20 minutes walking along city streets. In
____131____ week, they spent 20 minutes just resting indoors. Before, during and after each activity, researchers
asked each participant questions ____132____(assess) their mood and well-being.
“We saw a ____133____(significance) improvement in their well-being and mood immediately after they
went for a walk in blue space,” Nieuwenhuijsen said. “It shows that people’s mood and well-being can
____134____(improve) by walking in blue space. They should _____135_____(frequent) walk in blue or green
space.”
5
A family dinner is an important tradition ___136___ (celebrate) Spring Festival. Nowadays, some people
choose to have the dinner in a restaurant. We ___137___ (eat) out for the Spring Festival family dinner for the last
three years, and we have enjoyed it no less than eating at home. I don’t understand ___138___ some people
refuse to embrace the change.
Can’t they admit that the ___139___ (preparation) for the dinner are hard work I really don’t think
___140___ is worth the effort of spending so much time preparing for a single meal, and then another hour cleaning
up the mess ___141___ it’s over. We work all year, so why can’t one day be about spending time with family and
___142___ (relax)
Eating out is a good choice and it has nothing to do with loss of traditions. We still have the dinner with the
same people, just in a different place. The occasion is more ___143___ (enjoy) without all that tiring cooking, and
the dishes taste better!
In my opinion, what or where we eat on Spring Festival Eve really ___144___ (make) no difference. Eating
out may change the form of this tradition, but the love between the family members sitting around the table together
remains ____145____ same.
真题演练
【2022 年】
1（2022 新高考 I 卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
2（2022 新高考 I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________
(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
3（2022 新高考 II 卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran
one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
4（2022 新高考 II 卷）He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them.
5（2022 年浙江卷 1 月）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans
____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【2021 年】
1．（2021·天津卷）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to
Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views.
A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended
2. （2021 年全国甲卷短文改错） ….. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others……...
3. （2021 年全国乙卷语法填空） …. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
……
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique
biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ___70____(have)
a low impact on the natural environment.
4.（2021 年 1 月浙江卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形
式。
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 32． 2. 1 in women and men. In
cities, however, the gain 33． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in
the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 34． (study) had
higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural
people in many countries had narrowed 35．(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 36． (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of
income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【2020 年】
1.（2020·新课标 I 卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and
study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.（2020·新课标 I 卷）I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
3. （2020·新课标 I 卷）My mom told me how to preparing it
4. （2020·新课标 II 卷）They represent the earth 63． (come) back to life and best wishes for new
beginnings.
5. （2020·新课标 II 卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65． (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
6. （2020·新课标 II 卷）They are easy 68． (care) for and make great presents.
7. （2020·新课标 III 卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67． (find) the well-known painter.
8. （2020·新课标 III 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69． (surround)
the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
9.(2020·山东卷 ) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟 ) and
imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43．(walk)through a rainforest.
10. (2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology
60．(change)lives.
11. (2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry
areas， 63． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
12. （2020·江苏卷）Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these
products.
A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with
13．（2020·天津卷)___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954,
inspired the imagination of the world.
A．Having completed B．Being completed
C．Completed D．Completing
14.（2020·天津卷)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________
economic growth.
A．to be promoted B．being promotedC．promoting D．to promote
15．（2020·天津卷)______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped
【2019 年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】 __________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use
smart phones.
A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
2.【2019·天津卷】____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the
future.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. Learning D. Having learned
3.【2019·江苏卷】China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in
international affairs.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
4.【2019·天津卷】The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in
his class.
A. should they B. they should
C. dare they D. they dare
5.【2019·新课标 I 卷】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only
since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.
6.【2019·新课标 I 卷】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be
congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
7.【2019·新课标 II 卷】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for
football.
8.【2019·新课标 II 卷】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's
oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
9.【2019·新课标 II 卷】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare)
she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
10.【2019·新课标 II 卷】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__
joke.
11.【2019·新课标 III 卷】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help
wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
12.【2019·新课标 III 卷】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private
concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars ， ___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
13.【2019·浙江卷】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
14.【2019·浙江卷】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
15.【2019·北京卷】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two
simple words “Be yourself”.
【2018 年】
1.【2018·北京】_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
2.【2018·北京】 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal,
admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
3.【2018·北京】Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use C. using D. use
4.【2018·天津】I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t
help_______ it.
A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying
C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying
5.【2018·天津】 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. take
6.【2018·江苏】Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of
12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. to exceed
C. exceeded D. exceeding
7.【2018·新课标 I 卷】You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink,
smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
8.【2018·新课标 I 卷】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
9.【2018·新课标 II 卷】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn
instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.
10.【2018·新课标 III 卷】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into
his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
11.【2018·新课标 III 卷】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her
paragraph aloud.
12.【2018·浙江卷】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked
(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【2017 年】
1.【2017·天津卷】The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be
treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed
2.【2017·天津】I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.
A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught
3.【2017·江苏卷】 Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new
challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed B. being developed
C. developed D. developing
4.【2017·北京卷】Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their
valuable time.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
5.【2017·北京卷】Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.
A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
【2016 年】
1.【2016·北京】 ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make
2.【2016·北京】______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order
C. Having ordered D. Ordered
3.【2016·北京】Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.
A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned
4.【2016·江苏】In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message________within the work.
A. to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden
5.【2016·天津】The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making B. to make C. made D. being made
6.【2016·浙江】To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in
Australia in 2012.
A. having conducted B. to be conducted C. conducting D. conducted
7.【2016·浙江】I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.
A. working B. work C. to work D. worked
学习评价：
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
技巧 1 留心并列连词
1. (全国卷Ⅱ) It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This
included digging up the road, ________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
【解析】and 前后为三个并列成分，根据 digging、building 可知用 laying，这三个动词 ing 短语
作 included 的宾语。
【答案】laying
1. 1. [2019 课标全国Ⅲ]On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,________________ （ listen ） to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处在此处作状语，表示伴随状况。该动作与主语 we 之间在逻辑上是主动关
系，故填 listening。另外，由此处与 and 后的 meeting 是并列关系也可快速判断出此处应用现在分词形式。
【答案】listening
2. Pressed from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing
video games.
A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized
【解析】首先要弄清楚本句中的 and 连接的成分是非谓语动词做状语，主语与 press 是被动关系，但是与
realize 是主动，“被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。本
题考查非谓语动词的难度挺大，主要是很多学生看到 pressed 后就不知道 realize 在句中做什么成分，所以本
题关键有两个，一个是 and 并列的成分是什么，然后就是 realize 与主语 the boy 的关系。
【答案】A
3.(2019﹒浙江﹒语法填空)When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or
连接两个并列成分，根据 or 前的 walking 可知，此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。
【答案】cycling
技巧 2 固定搭配要记牢
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid ____________(look) directly
into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
【解析】此处考查固定搭配 avoid doing sth.，意为“避免做某事”，故填 looking。
【答案】looking
1.[2020 浙江]Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change （change）
lives.
【解析】句意：农业让人们第一次体验到了改变生活的科技的力量。此处不定式作定语，修饰 the power。the
power to do sth.做某事的力量。故填 to change。
【答案】to change
2. While regularly eating out seems to_____________________（become） common for many young people in
recent years, it’s not without a cost.
【解析】句意:尽管近年来,定期出去吃饭对很多年轻人来说似乎已经很普遍了,但这并不是没有代价的。根据
时间状语 in recent years 可知时态为现在完成时。seems to 后跟动词原形,故填 have become。
【答案】have become
技巧 3 句子成分要明晰
1 . (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the
mid 1980s, and are expensive ____________(perform) consistently over a large area.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在 20 世纪 80 年代中期以来，人们就使用现代的方法来跟踪北
极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。分析句子结构可知，主系表
结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，故填 to perform。
【答案】to perform
分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。
1. ( 全 国 卷 Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese
characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ____________(create) special
designs.
【解析】分析句子成分可知，Skilled workers 为主语，combine 作谓语动词，various hardwoods and
metal 作宾语，此处表示 combine...and...的目的，故用不定式作目的状语，故填 to create。
【答案】to create
2. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ______ (receive) a Nobel
Prize.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。当名词被序
数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语；句中名词 female scientist 被序数词 the first 修饰，应
用 receive 的不定式形式。
故填：to receive。
【答案】to receive
技巧 4 主动表被动要记牢
1. In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant___________________________
（deal） with.
【解析】句意：许多人认为那家公司虽相对较小，但与之相处令人愉快。“主语+be+形容词+动词不定式”结
构中，主语和不定式构成被动关系，用主动表示被动。
【答案】to deal
1. 在 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，主动表被动。形容词修饰不定式。句子的主语和不定式构成逻
辑上的被动关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物
动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
2. be to blame，be to rent 主动表被动。
3. “have +宾语+to do”结构，句子主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。
翻译：
1. 这个人很难相处。
The man is hard to get along with.
2. 这篇文章很难懂。
The passage is difficult to understand.
3. 他不该被责备。
He can't be to blame.
4. 我有个重要的消息要告诉你。
I have an important piece of news to tell you.
技巧 5 非谓语动词有时态和语态
1. He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
A．to act B．to have acted C．acting D．having acted
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：人们认为他干了蠢事。现在丢了工作只能怪他自己。句型“有人认为..
已....”可用 It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结构。从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。该结构
可转化为 sb is thought/believed +不定式的完成式。
【答案】B
非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
其表示的动作与句
中谓语动词的动作
不定 一般式 to do to be done
同时发生或在其后
发生
其表示的动作与句
式 进行式 to be doing 中谓语动词的动作
同时发生
其表示的动作发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 在句中谓语动词的
动作之前
其表示的动作与句
现在
中谓语动词的动作
分词/ 一般式 doing being done
同时发生或基本上
动名
同时发生
词
完成式 having done having been done
其表示的动作先于
句中谓语动词的动
作发生
与句中主语为逻辑
过去分
一般式 done 上的被动关系，表
词
完成
1. There are some health problems that, when ____in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A．not treated B．not being treated
C．not to be treated D．not having been treated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有些健康问题，如果不及时处理，以后会变得更严重。when not treated in
time 为插入语，在本句中为时间状语从句，把 that can become bigger ones later on 这个定语从句给隔开了。
when 引导时间状语从句时，可以出现省略的现象，但必须满足两个条件：首先，时间状语从句中的主语必
须和主句主语一致；其次，从句中含有 be 动词。本句补充完整的状语从句为：when they are not treated in
time。
故选：A。
【答案】A
2. So,______ one year of planning，what made you decide then to go into architecture？
A．having done B．doing
C．to do D．done
【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意：那么，你的计划已做了一年，是什么让你然后决定进入建筑业？根
据句意和结构可知这句话使用非谓语动词现在分词作状语， do 的逻辑主语是 you,主动关系，主句的时态是
一般过去时，用现在分词的完成式表示该动作发生在主句的过去动作之前。
故选：A。
【答案】A
基础夯实
考点一 非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
1.不定式作状语
1）作目的状语，可用 so as to/in order to 替换，但 so as to 一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；以便”。
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支付
的便利,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。
2）作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：only to do（表示意想不到的结果）；enough to do...（足够做……）；
too... to do...（太……而不能……）；so/such... as to...（如此……以至于……）等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，却发现他要乘坐
的飞机已飞入高空。
3）作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, comfortable,
good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着它最初
的样子。
易错提示
在 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系，且此时不定式通常
用主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后
加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
The person is hard to deal with. 这个人很难对付。
2.分词作状语
分词作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的
动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构
成逻辑上的被动关系。为了强调,还可与 while, when, once, if, unless 等词连用。
A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man’s intelligence and creativity. 一座城市是人类的
手与大脑的产物,这反映出了人类的智慧与创造性。
The couple took good care of the baby while occupied by their work.这对夫妇一边工作，一边很好地照顾着婴儿。
易错提示
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的词和短语有：located （坐落
于）, lost（迷路的）, seated（坐着的）, hidden（躲着的）, lost/absorbed/buried in（沉溺于）, dressed in（穿
着）, tired of（对……厌烦）, faced with（面对着）。
Faced with the great challenge, I didn’t lose heart. 面对巨大的挑战，我没有灰心。
考点二 非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
1）不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。若不定式与其所修饰的词之间是被动关系，且
该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.我在整个会议期间一直看表，因为我要
赶火车。
2）序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only 等词后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后,常用不定式作定语。注
意:该名词或代词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者。
He was the first guest to arrive.他是第一个到的客人。
3）被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有：ability, chance, wish, excuse, promise,
attempt, way 等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让它（意志力）
成为一种习惯。
2.分词作定语
1）及物动词的分词形式作定语
doing被修饰的名词与分词之间为主There were millions of peoplewatchingthe opening ceremony live on TV.
动关系 有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
being被修饰的名词与分词之间为被The questionbeing discussednow is very important.现在正在被讨论的问
done 动关系且表示正在进行 题很重要。
done 被修饰的名词与分词之间为被I’d like you to look at a studyconductedin Australia in 2012.我想让你们看
动关系且表完成 一项 2012 年在澳大利亚进行的研究。
2）不及物动词的分词形式作定语
现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词只表示动作已完成,不表被动。
falling leaves 正在落下的叶子（表正在进行）
fallen leaves 落叶（表完成）
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
1.通常接不定式作宾语的动词
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree,
ask/beg, help
I have decided to study engineering.我已经决定学工程学。
易错提示
allow, permit, advise 后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补，即
allow/permit/advise doing/sb. to do sth.。
2.通常接动名词作宾语的动词及短语
admit, avoid, consider, escape（避开）, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to,
look forward to 等。此外，have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth.结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我避开提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
3.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
｛forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
｛regret to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔
｛remember to do sth.记得去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事
｛stop to do sth.停下来做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
｛try to do sth.尽力去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事
｛go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事
｛mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
｛can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
I remembered locking the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室之前记得锁
门了，但却忘记关灯了。
易错提示
1）动词 want, need, require 作“需要”讲时，其后要用 v.-ing 形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与
此用法相同的动词还有 deserve（值得）。
The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. （window 与 clean 之间存在被动关系）
2）不定式作动词（短语）learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等
的宾语时，前面常带引导词 how, what, whether, where, when, who 等。
4.作介词的宾语时,要用动名词形式,不能用动词不定式。
be/get used to, feel like, insist on, get down to, devote...to..., object to, stick to, have difficulty/trouble （in）; have
fun （in）。
I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now deal with students. 我过去航海和现在与学生们打交道一样开心。
易错提示
介词后一般要接 v.-ing 形式作宾语，但介词 but/except 后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词 do，不定式要
省略 to。
We can do nothing but wait.除了等待我们别无选择。
考点四 非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主动关系。常用不定式作宾补的动词（短语）有：advise,
allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell,
want, warn, wish, call on, depend on 等。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们期
望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们一个可以依赖的替代品。
易错提示
1）有些动词，如 think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand 等后常用 to be 作宾补或主补。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳
的人民。
2）在 sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done 结构中，用不定式作主语补足
语。
The president was reported to have visited China.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
2.现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主动关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的
常见动词：see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel, have, get, find, leave, keep, catch 等。
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help？听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
3.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在被动关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词有：see, watch,
observe, notice, hear, feel, have, make, get, find, leave, keep 等。
I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken.我需要一本新护照,因此我得拍张照片。
4.使役动词 have, get 后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have sth. done＝get sth. done 让别人做某事；②have
sb./sth. doing 让……一直做某事；get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事；③have sb. do sth. ＝get sb. to do sth.
让某人做某事。
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
5.with 的复合结构：
①with＋宾语＋doing 表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；
②with＋宾语＋done 表示被动或完成；
③with＋宾语＋to do 表示将要发生的动作。
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.这老两口常常在晚饭
后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn’t seem likely that John will finish the job.离截止日期不
远了，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With a lot of work to do, she wasn’t allowed to leave her office.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
考点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
1）不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用 it 作形式主语而将不定式后置。
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。
2）不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是 aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice 等词时，
常用不定式作表语；主语为 what 引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What I want to do most in senior high is （to） improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水
平。（不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词 do 的某种形式，作表语的不定式常省略 to。）
2.动名词作主语和表语
1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。常用
动名词作真正主语的句型有：It’s a waste of time doing...；It’s no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...。
Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次
既有趣又有益的经历。
It’s no use just complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
2）动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My job is cleaning the house three times a week.（＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.）我的工作
是每星期打扫三次房子。
3）remain 作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚
待……；留待……”时，后常接 to be done。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站
着。
It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.新成立的委员会提
出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
模拟演练
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. My neighbors volunteered ________（take） care of my pet dog while I was on vacation last summer.
2. Nothing will keep this plan from ________（carry）out.
3. ________（contribute）to the 21st Century regularly, he finds his English greatly improved.
4. Previous to ________(draw) a conclusion, please take all aspects into consideration.
5. It is wise ________(assign) special exercises to the weaker students.
6. Yet there is evidence ________ (suggest) that the trend is growing.
7. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ________ during the day.
8. I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy______(cook).
9. The couple often take their children abroad for holiday,_______ (expose) them to different cultures.
10. Tom is our manager who is easy_________ (get) along with.
11. I used to hate__________（tease）about my red hair when I was at school.
12. This is an organization_______ (make) up of eight countries.
13. This is an organization_______ (consist) of eight countries.
ing out of this experience, I realize it is OK ________(be) different from others…
15. It is difficult ________ (figure) out a global population of polar bears…
16. The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise
________ (skip) eating first.
17. How ________ (facilitate) the cooperation between the two cities is still a problem.
18. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how ________ (read ) fast.
19. When and where ________(vote) hasn’t been decided.
20. It took the doctor about half an hour ________(examine) the eyes of the baby.
21. It is wrong for you ________(skip) breakfast.
22. Apparently, it is not right ________(skip)class. You’d better not do that.
23. Tom delayed his composition, for the first sentence was so hard ________(compose).
24. I’m sorry ________(disturb) you so late, but my car’s broken down and I don’t have my phone with me.
25. Five doctors and ten nurses, ________(compose) the rescue team, were sent to the earthquake-hit area this
morning.
26. It is easy for me ________(learn)how to drive.
27. You mean it’s no use________(repair)the old bicycles, but I think they need ________(repair)at once.
28. It took us half an hour ________(arrive) there by plane.
29. It is great fun ________(visit) Qinhuangdao.
30. ________ (help) others in need made him really happy.
31. It is difficult ________(understand) why she barks every minute.
32. ________ (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
33. The restaurant, _______(base) on trust, is working all right.
34. Next month the city will build a new park ________(honour) those who died in the terrible disaster.
35. ________(volunteer) gives you a chance to change lives, including your own.
36. The processes take place to stop our brains ________(become) loaded with memories.
37. My deskmate enjoys ________(listen) to pop music.
38. Jack wants to invite you ________（make）a speech for his company.
39. _________(transform) a small stage into the whole universe to some extent, Peking Opera appeals to fans from
many walks of life.
40. __________ (absorb) in the book, he forgot the time for dinner.
二、单项选择
41. With the camera still ________ to my eye, I turned and froze. With water ________ off its thick, brown hair,
the bear stared back at me.
A. held; falling B. held; fallen C. holding; falling D. holding; fallen
42. _______ Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.
A. Follow B. Followed C. Following D. To follow
43. Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ open on the table and disappeared in the distance.
A. leaving; lying B. to leave; to lie C. left; laid D. leaving; laid
44. —Is Rachel still performing
—I’m afraid not. She is said ______ the stage already as she has become an official.
A. to leave B. left C. to have left D. leaving
45. Much disappointed as he was________in the job interview, he still had great confidence in his abilities.
A. to have failed B. to fail C. having failed D. failing
46. The outbreak of the coronavirus has led to over thousands of people________to hospital for treatment,
________the world to be in deep sorrow.
A. sent; causing B. sent; having caused
C. being sent; causing D. being sent; having caused
47. -I have heard that Ms. Smith was the first________to our office today
-Yes. But with the work________, she left early.
A. coming; done B. coming; to be done
C. to come; done D. to come; to be done
48. I am impressed with China’s commitment to its climate goals,________ by the fact________China has met its
2025 targets three years ahead of schedule.
A. evidenced; that B. evidenced; which
C. was evidenced; that D. was evidenced; which
49. That gas pipeline project,________in July 2020 and________in 2023, will benefit several cities along the
eastern coast.
A. starting; completing B. started: to be completed
C. to start; completed D. starting; completed
50. ________ you go abroad, it is likely that you will have trouble________the new life.
A. The first time; adjusting to B. For the first time; adjusting to
C. The first time; to adjust to D. For the first time; to adjust to
51. ________ their son’s response letter, the concerned parents wrote another one and had it________at once.
A. Having not received; deliver B. Having not received; delivered
C. Not having received; deliver D. Not having received; delivered
52. Robin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense.句子中非谓语动词是：
A. agrees B. thinks C. starting D. makes
53. The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag________the original blue box________the
notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.
A. containing; where B. to contain; which C. containing; / D. to contain; that
54. The four countries use the same flag, as the Union Jack, and share the same currency.
A. knowing B. to know C. known D. was known
55. True friends are people who face extreme hardship to save each other.
A. are about to B. are blind to C. are willing to D. are likely to
三、根据所给汉语提示填空
56. ________(无事可做) and he just sits there absent-minded.
57. There are some citizens ________(站在画廊前).
58. There is a red car ________（停在房子外面）.
59. The genuine captain ________ (承诺回来) to save the sailors trapped on Elephant Island.
60. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and ________（生火）.
61. I would like to___________(表达感谢) for your kindness.
62. ________ (说老实话), I don’t really want to go to the party tonight.
63. The question is ________(怎样拆卸) the machine.
64. ________ (何时装修) the house hasn’t been decided.
65. They didn’t decide ________(在哪里举行) the debate.
66. ________(不吃早餐)often will have a negative effect on your physical and mental health.
67. Oscar was crsticised by the head teacher for ________(逃学) yesterday.
68. She stopped________ (与她父亲通信)after the death of her mother.
69. A secretary came in twice a week to________ (处理他的信件).
70. The prisoners continued to________（申明他们无罪）。
71. Use the information to________（填空）on your form.
72. I sincerely hope Tom’s mother will be able ________( 让 他 洗 心 革 面 ). Besides, Tom has promised
________(改过自新).
73. The ambitious man is bound to __________________ (取得巨大的成就) in his field in the future.
74. __________________（我发现父亲坐在他的椅子里）, completely absorbed in a magazine.
75. We managed to _____________________ the victim(使……苏醒过来).
76. I'm sorry. I recognise that I have to ________（控制）my temper.
77. I try not ________(焦虑不安) when things go wrong.
78. She decided to resign from the organization rather than ________(屈从于……) the new rules.
79. The committee is due to ________________________(做出决定)this week.
80. You can ________________________(相信我保守) your secret.
81. I’m sorry to have ________________(让你一直等)for such a long time.
82. He was accused of ________________________ (虐待他的妻子)last week.
83. Some of them are also later sold, in order to ________（限制……的数量）ponies according to the rules set by
Natural England.
84. ________(为了表示我们的尊敬), we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.
85. She tried to________（把她的注意力集中于）her work.
86. The president agreed, ________ (补充说) he hoped for a peaceful solution.
87. The government has taken measures to ________(降低)the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
88. The most important thing to the company is to ________(引入) new equipment.
89. It has enhanced the quality of my life, ________(增强我的健康, 提升我的幸福).
90. ________(改变坏习惯) is never easy, even with many attempts.
91. Just a few days after the signs went up, he ____________________ (发现人们坐在那儿) and engaging in
active and joyful conversations.
92. ________ (也许理解西方艺术的最好的方法) is to look at the development of Western painting over the
centuries.
93. _______________________ (为了应对这一危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at
Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
94. The crucial thing is ________(使用肢体语言) in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
95. However, you should avoid ________ (使用这个手势) in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
四、语法填空
1
Luoyang is one of the cities in China ___96___ artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed
like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple ___97___ （build）in the city. This special
spot is not only the hometown of China’s most famous ___98___ （invent）including papermaking, printing and
the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters.
Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow
River in Central China's Henan Province and ___99___ （surround）by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies
___100___ important strategic（战略的）location.
As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid
historical and ___101___ （culture）background. Its long history endows（赋予）it with rich culture, which is
___102___ （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known ___103___ the“City of
Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang ___104___ （appreciate） the beautiful peony. Luoyang is now
an energetic and charming tourist place that _____105_____ （welcome）guests from all over the world to explore
its glorious past.
2
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Seventy-five-year-old Xiao Luying is the vice-captain of a team of volunteers engaged in cleaning floating
trash from the Yangtze River. The team, ___106___ (form) in 2019, is made up of more than 50 local ex-fishermen
aged over 60, ___107___ the average.
“We have lived along the Yangtze River since childhood and want to do our part in protecting it,” said Xiao
from a village of Anhui Province. Sixty-year-old Ma Mingsuo is one of the team, who has fished for over 40 years.
Upon ___108___ (end) his fishing career, this old fisherman turned to apply his sailing experience to protecting the
mother river. “It’s good that my skill can still be used to clean the garbage in the river, ___109___ will also benefit
the future generations,” said Ma.
Each month, this ___110___ (volunteer) team patrols (巡逻 ) 15 km of waterways three ___111___ (time),
collecting trash and preventing people from fishing on the river. The trash collected by them ___112___ (send) to
the garbage disposal station on the shore, while the recyclable waste such as plastic bottles is sold.
In over a year, the team of volunteers has grown from 13 members to over 50. Up to now, they
___113___(clean) over 50 tons of floating waste. “We will continue to protect the Yangtze River until we are
___114___ old to handle the boat, as it’s a career ____115____ (real) deserving our time and energy,” said Xiao.
3
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study shows that ____116____ two countries with the world’s ____117____ (large) populations are
leading the increase in greening on land. The effect comes ____118____ (main) from ambitious tree ____119____
(plant) programs in China and agriculture in both countries.
China alone accounts ____120____ 25% of the global increase in leaf area with only 6.6% of global vegetated
(有植物的) area. The greening in China is from forests (42%) and croplands (32%).
China’s outsized ____121____ (contribute) comes in large part from programs intended ____122____
(protect) and expand forests, in an effort to reduce the effects of soil erosion (侵蚀 ), air pollution and climate
change.
Taken all together, the greening of the planet represents an increase in leaf area of plants and trees equal to the
area ____123____ is covered by all the Amazon rainforests.
Land area ____124____ (use) to grow crops is comparable in China and India and _____125_____ (change)
very little since the early 2000s. Yet the countries have greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area and
their food production.
4
Scientists have stated the physical and psychological benefits of being in green space. Walking among the
trees ____126____(enhance) your well-being. But there’s more to nature’s gifts ____127____ just the greens of
trees and grass. Blues have benefits too, a new study finds.
Short walks in blue space can have a positive effect ____128____ your well-being and mood, according to
research ____129____(lead) by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal). Blue space includes
beaches, rivers, lakes and other areas featuring water.
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of the Urban Planning, Environment and Health Initiative at ISGlobal, and his
colleagues conducted many ____130____(study). During a one-week period, adults spent 20 minutes each day
walking on a beach. Then, during a different week, they spent 20 minutes walking along city streets. In
____131____ week, they spent 20 minutes just resting indoors. Before, during and after each activity, researchers
asked each participant questions ____132____(assess) their mood and well-being.
“We saw a ____133____(significance) improvement in their well-being and mood immediately after they
went for a walk in blue space,” Nieuwenhuijsen said. “It shows that people’s mood and well-being can
____134____(improve) by walking in blue space. They should _____135_____(frequent) walk in blue or green
space.”
5
A family dinner is an important tradition ___136___ (celebrate) Spring Festival. Nowadays, some people
choose to have the dinner in a restaurant. We ___137___ (eat) out for the Spring Festival family dinner for the last
three years, and we have enjoyed it no less than eating at home. I don’t understand ___138___ some people refuse
to embrace the change.
Can’t they admit that the ___139___ (preparation) for the dinner are hard work I really don’t think
___140___ is worth the effort of spending so much time preparing for a single meal, and then another hour cleaning
up the mess ___141___ it’s over. We work all year, so why can’t one day be about spending time with family and
___142___ (relax)
Eating out is a good choice and it has nothing to do with loss of traditions. We still have the dinner with the
same people, just in a different place. The occasion is more ___143___ (enjoy) without all that tiring cooking, and
the dishes taste better!
In my opinion, what or where we eat on Spring Festival Eve really ___144___ (make) no difference. Eating
out may change the form of this tradition, but the love between the family members sitting around the table together
remains ____145____ same.
参考答案
一、
1. to take
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：去年夏天我度假时，我的邻居自愿照顾我的宠物狗。根据前文 volunteer
可知，其后面要接动词不定式来作宾语，故答案为 to take。
2. being carried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：没有什么能阻止这项计划的实施。此处为“阻止……”，表达为 keep
sb/sth.from doing...，此处 plan 与 carry out 之间为被动关系，故应用 being carried，故填 being carried。
3. Contributing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期给《21 世纪》投稿，他发现自己的英语得到了极大的提升。根据句
子分析可知，此处做状语，主语为 he，contribute 与主语 he 之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词做状语，故
填 Contributing。
4. drawing
【解析】考查动名词。句意：在得出结论之前，请考虑所有方面。介词 to 后，draw 用动名词形式作宾语。
故填 drawing。
5. to assign
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：给学习较差的学生布置特殊的练习题是明智的做法。根据句子分析可知，
此处因为“it is+adj+to do”句型，it 为形式主语，to do 为真正的主语，故填 to assign。
6. suggesting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，有证据表明，这一趋势正在增长。谓语动词是 is，此处使用非谓语
动词，evidence 与 suggest 是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语，表主动。故填 suggesting。
7. away
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：如果一个人没有足够的睡眠，他的行为会在白天暴露出来。give...away (泄
露)。故填 away。
8. to cook
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋，我认为这一定很容易做。此处是“It+be+adj.+不
定式”结构表示“做某事怎么样”。句中所指的是“烹饪很简单”。故填 to cook。
9. exposing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这对夫妇经常带孩子出国度假，让他们接触不同的文化。分析可知，句
中谓语是 take，空格处用非谓语动词，couple 和 expose 之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，
故填 exposing。
10. to get
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆是我们的经理，很容易相处。be easy to do sth.为固定搭配，译为“很
容易做某事”。故填 to get。
11. being teased
【解析】句意：我以前在学校时候讨厌因我的红头发而被人嘲笑。hate 后接动名词表示讨厌某种行为；本句
已有谓语，tease 应用非谓语，主语与 tease 之间为被动关系，故应用动名词的被动形式。故填 being teased。
12. made
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一个由八个国家组成的组织。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“is”且句
中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“organization”和“make”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“make”的过去
分词“made”，作后置定语。故填 made。
13. consisting
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：这是一个由八个国家组成的组织。分析可知，句中谓语是 is，空格处用非谓
语动词，organization 和 consist 之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填 consisting。
14. to be
【解析】考查不定式。句意：从这次经历中，我意识到与众不同是可以的……。it 是形式主语，此处是动词
不定式短语作真正的主语。故填 to be。
15. to figure
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很难计算出全球北极熊的数量……。分析句子结构可知此处为 it 作形式
主语，不定式作真正主语的结构。故填 to figure。
16. to skip
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些结果表明，要想从运动中获得最大的健康益处，最好先不吃东西。
分析句子结构可知此处为 it 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语的结构。故填 to skip。
17. to facilitate
【解析】考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构。句意：如何促进这两个城市之间的合作仍然是一个问题。分析
句子可知，句中“How_____ the cooperation between the two cities”为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中
作主语，“facilitate”意为“促进”，动词词性，故空格处应填“to facilitate”。故填 to facilitate。
18. to read
【解析】考查特殊疑问词加不定式作宾语。句意：20 名学生想参加这个旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。依
据空前的动词 teach 及结合句意可知此处为特殊疑问词+to do 做宾语的结构。故填 to read。
19. to vote
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：投票的时间和地点尚未决定。“特殊疑问词+to do”作主语，vote 用动词不
定式形式。故填 to vote。
20. to examine
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：医生花了大约半个小时检查婴儿的眼睛。It takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth. (花
费某人多少时间干某事)，examine 用动词不定式形式作真正的主语。故填 to examine。
21. to skip
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你不吃早餐是不对的。此处为句型 it be adj. for sb. to do sth.，不定式作真
正主语。故填 to skip。
22. to skip
【解析】考查不定式。句意：显然，逃课是不对的。你最好不要那样做。此处为 it 作形式主语，不定式作
真正主语的结构。故填 to skip。
23. to compose
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：汤姆推迟了交作文，因为第一句话太难写了。sth. be adj. +to do，compose
用动词不定式，主动表被动。故填 to compose。
24. to disturb
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：很抱歉这么晚才打搅你，我的车坏了，手机也没带。be sorry to do sth. (对
做某事感到抱歉)，disturb 用动词不定式形式。故填 to disturb。
posing
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：今天上午，组成救援队的五名医生和十名护士被派往地震灾区。本句已有
谓语 were sent to 且无连词，动词 compose 用非谓语形式，逻辑主语 Five doctors and ten nurses 与动词
compose 是主谓关系，compose 用现在分词（doing）表主动，作后置定语。故填 composing。
26. to learn
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学开车对我来说很简单。分析句子可知，此处考查固定句型 It is+形容词+for
sb. to do sth.，意为“做某事对某人来说是……”，此句型中的 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，故
此处应填动词不定式，即 to do 结构。故填 to learn。
27. repairing repairing/to be repaired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你的意思是修理旧自行车没有用，但我认为它们需要马上修理。it is no use
doing 表示“做某事是没用的”，因而第一空需填动名词形式；need doing= need to be done 表示“需要被……”，
表被动，因而第二空可填 repairing/to be repaired。故填①repairing②repairing/to be repaired。
28. to arrive
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们乘飞机花了半个小时到达那里。此处为 it takes/took sb. some time to do
sth.表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。故填 to arrive。
29. visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：参观秦皇岛很有趣。固定句型 It is fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣”，其
中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词。故填 visiting。
30. Helping
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：帮助有需要的人让他很开心。分析可知，空处为动名词形式做主语，表
示经常性，习惯性的动作，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填 Helping。
31. to understand
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：很难理解为什么她每分钟都要叫。此处为 it is+adj.+to do 句型，it 为形式
主语，to do 为真正的主语，故填 to understand。
32. Hearing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：听到别人对你刚读的书的反应会有一种额外的乐趣。结合句意及谓语动
词 creates 可知应填动名词形式作主语，表示习惯性，经常性的动作，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填
Hearing。
33. based
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家基于信任开起来的餐厅运营得很好。本句谓语动词是 is，base 在句
中是非谓语动词作定语。因 be based on 是固定短语，意为“以……为基础”，做非谓语时应把 be 动词去掉。
故填 based。
34. to honour
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：下个月，该市将建造一座新公园，以纪念在这场可怕的灾难中死去的人。
honour 用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to honour。
35. Volunteering
【解析】考查动名词。句意：志愿者给你机会改变生活，包括你自己的生活。根据句子分析可知，此处为
动名词做主语，故填 Volunteering。
36. from becoming/becoming
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：这个过程是为了阻止我们的大脑记忆过载。此处为短语 stop...(from) doing
sth.表示“阻止……”。故填(from) becoming。
37. listening
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的同桌喜欢听流行音乐。enjoy 后跟动名词作宾语，意为“喜欢做……”。
故填 listening。
38. to make
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：杰克想邀请你为他的公司发表演讲。此处为短语 invite sb. to do sth.表示“邀
请某人做某事”。故填 to make。
39. Transforming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从某种程度上讲，京剧把一个小舞台变成了整个宇宙，吸引着各行各业
的戏迷。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。主语 Peking Opera 与 transform 之间为主动关系，所
以用现在分词作状语。故填 Transforming。
40. Absorbed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意 ：因为专心看书，他忘记了吃饭的时间。分析句子结构空处应填非谓语动
词的形式，句子主语 he 与 absorb 之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，此处的 absorbed 为过去分词化的
形容词，在句中作原因状语，be absorbed in“专注于”，作状语省略 be 动词，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。
故填 Absorbed。
二、
41. A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：摄像机仍然对着我的眼睛，我转过身，愣住了。水从它浓密的棕色毛发
上掉下来，熊盯着我。分析句子可知，两个设空考查的是“with+宾语+宾补”结构，其中第一个设空前的 the
camera 与 hold 是被动关系，用过去分词形式；第二空前的 water 和 fall 是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故
选 A。
42. C
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：按照简研究黑猩猩的方法，我们小组都要去森林里拜访它们。句中谓语是“are
all going to visit”，空格处用非谓语动词，our group 和 follow 之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主
动，故选 C。
43. A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：听到这个消息，他冲了出去，留着书，打开着放在桌子上，消失在远处。
根据句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词。he 与 leave 是主谓关系，第一空应用现在分词 leaving，作状
语；the book 与 lie 是主谓关系，第二空应用现在分词 lying，作宾补。故选 A。
44. C
【解析】考查不定式的完成式。句意：——Rachel 还在表演吗？——恐怕没有。据说她已经离开了舞台，
因为她已经成为一名官员。根据句子结构可知，本句考查 be said to do sth.，表示“据说做某事”，设空处应填
不定式。根据句意，“离开舞台”发生在“成为官员”之前，故用完成时。结合句子结构，故用不定式的完成式，
故填 to have left，故选 C。
45. A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然他在求职面试中失败了，但他仍然对自己的能力充满信心。本句为 as
的倒装句，还原后是 as he was much disappointed ________，这时可以看出是考查句型：sb/sth is +adj +to do
个句型，这里的不定式是主动表被动，而且如果不定式的动作在主句的动作之前发生，用不定式的完成时。
本句中的“面试失败”发生在“对自己的能力充满信心”之前，表示动作已完成并对现在产生了影响，此时要动
词不定式的完成时。故选 A。
46. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：冠状病毒的爆发导致数千人被送往医院接受治疗，使全世界陷入深深的
悲痛之中。分析句子可知，“lead to…”意为“导致……”，“to”为介词，后接动名词作宾语，“people”和“send”
为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动名词的被动式“being done”作宾语，“send”的过去分词为“sent”，故空格一处
填“being sent”；句中有谓语动词“has led to”且句中无连词，故空格二处应用非谓语动词，“cause”意为“造
成”，动词词性，根据句意可知，句中表示自然而然的结果，故应用“cause”的现在分词“causing”，作结果状
语，故空格二处填“causing”。故选 C 项。
47. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——我听说史密斯女士是今天第一个来我们办公室的。——是的。但工
作完成后，她提前离开了。first 后用不定式作后置定语；第二空处是 with 复合结构，work 和 do 之间是逻
辑动宾关系，因此第二空处用过去分词表被动，故选 C。
48. A
【解析】考查非谓语动词和同位语从句。句意：我对中国实现气候目标的决心印象深刻，中国提前三年实
现了 2025 年的目标。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是“am impressed”，第一空用非谓语动词，由 by 可知，
第一空用过去分词表被动；第二空引导的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用 that
引导同位语从句，故选 A。
49. B
【解析】
考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：该天然气管道项目于 2020 年 7 月启动，将于 2023 年完工，将惠及东海岸
的几个城市。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语修饰名词 project。That gas pipeline project 与
start 是被动关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词 started。根据时间状语 in 2023 可知，complete 的动作还
未发生，故用动词不定式作定语，且 that gas pipeline project 与 complete 也是被动关系，所以用被动语态，
故第二空用动词不定式的被动结构 to be completed。故选 B。
50. A
【解析】考查时间状语和非谓语动词。句意：你第一次出国，适应国外生活可能会有困难。the first time“第
一次……”是连词，for the first time“第一次”是时间状语，adjust to“适应”，固定短语。第一空，the first time
用作连词，引导时间状语从句；第二空，have trouble (in) doing sth 做……有困难，是一个固定搭配，其后
应用 adjust 的动名词形式作宾语。故选 A。
51. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有收到儿子的回信，忧心忡忡的父母又写了一封信，并让人立刻
把信送到了家里。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是 wrote，空格处用非谓语动词，parents 和 receive 之间
是主谓关系，receive 先于 wrote 发生，因此第一空用 having done 表先于谓语动作发生的动作，其否定是在
having done 前加 not，第一空是 Not having received；have sth. done 是固定短语，意为“让某物被……”，第二
空是过去分词 delivered，故选 D。
52. C
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：火箭科学家罗宾表示同意，他认为从火星开始是最有意义的。分析句子可
知，并列谓语动词是 agrees 和 thinks，makes 是省略了 that 的宾语从句的谓语动词，starting 是动名词做主语，
故选 C。
53. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：警方发现，这两本“被盗”的笔记本被放在一个里面装着存放这
两本笔记本的原来的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封的礼品袋里。此题第一空考查非谓语动词，contain 与逻辑主
语 a gift bag 为主谓关系，应用现在分词 containing，作后置定语。第二空考查定语从句，先行词为 the original
blue box，在限制性定语从句中作介词 in 的宾语，为物，设空处可用关系代词 that/which，也可省略。故选 C
项。
54. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这四个国家使用相同的国旗，即所谓的英国国旗，并且使用相同的货币。
分析可知，句中已有谓语动词 use，空处和谓语 use 没有连词，所以空白处应用非谓语。be known as“作
为……而闻名”，句子主语 The four
countries 与动词 know 为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词 known，故选 C。
55. C
【解析】考查短语。句意：真正的朋友是愿意面对极端困难来拯救彼此的人。A. are about to 马上；B. are blind
to 对……视而不见；C. are willing to 愿意；D. are likely to 可能。根据句意可知，此处表示“真正的朋友是愿
意面对极端困难来拯救彼此的人”，故选 C。
三、
56. There is nothing to do
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：无事可做，他只是心不在焉地坐在那里。根据“sits”可知，句子使用一般现
在时，“无事可做”是固定句型 there is nothing to do，不定式作后置定语。故填 There is nothing to do。
57. standing in front of the gallery
【解析】考查非谓语动词及介词短语。句意：有一些市民站在画廊前面。此处是 There be 句型，设空处应
用非谓语动词，“站”用 stand，与 citizens 是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，作后置定语，“在……
前面”用介词短语 in front of，“画廊”译为 gallery。故填 standing in front of the gallery。
58. parked outside the house
【解析】考查动词、介词和名词。句意：房子外面停着一辆红色的车。分析句式结构可知，此处可用过去
分词作后置定语；再分析句意可知，表示“停”可用过去分词 parked 表被动关系，表示“在……外面”用介词
outside，表示“房子”用名词 house 来表示。故填 parked outside the house。
mitted himself to coming back
【解析】考查动词短语和时态。句意：那位可信赖的船长承诺要回来拯救困在象岛上的水手。根据汉语提
示可知，此处使用动词短语 commit oneself to doing“承诺做”，“回来”译为 come back，句意描述的动作已发
生，应用一般过去时。故填 committed himself to coming back。
60. make fire
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：他必须学会如何收集水、寻找食物和生火。“生火”使用动词短语 make fire，
分析句子结构可知，句中使用了特殊疑问词后加不定式的用法，由 and 并列连接的多个不定式，只保留第
一个不定式符号 to，后面的要省略 to，故填 make fire。
61. express my thanks/express my gratitude
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我想对你的好意表示感谢。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用动词短语
express my thanks/gratitude，固定搭配 would like to do。故填 express my thanks/gratitude。
62. To be honest
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：说老实话，我今晚不太想去参加派对。表示“说老实话”应用 to be honest，
固定搭配，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填 To be honest。
63. how to take apart
【解析】考查固定结构。句意：问题是怎样拆卸这个机器。此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构，表示“怎样”应用
how，表示“拆卸”应用 take apart。故填 how to take apart。
64. When to decorate
【解析】考查特殊疑问词+to do。句意：什么时候装修房子还没有决定。“特殊疑问词+to do”作主语，when (何
时)，decorate (装修)，首字母大写，故填 When to decorate。
65. where to hold
【解析】考查特殊疑问词+to do。句意：他们没有决定在哪里举行辩论。“特殊疑问词+to do”作宾语，where
(哪里)，hold (举行)，故填 where to hold。
66. Skipping breakfast
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：经常不吃早餐会对你的身心健康产生负面影响。根据提示可知，skip breakfast
符合句意，分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入动名词形式作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填 Skipping
breakfast。
67. skipping school
【解析】考查动名词。句意：奥斯卡因昨天逃学而被校长批评。介词 for 后，skip school (逃学)用动名词形
式作宾语。故填 skipping school。
68. corresponding with her father
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在她的母亲去世之后，她不在与她父亲通信。句中 stop doing sth 为固定
的搭配，意为“停止做某事”。表示“与某人通信”应该使用 correspond with sb。故此处使用动名词作宾语。故
答案为 corresponding with her father。
69. deal with his correspondence
【解析】考查固定搭配和名词。句意：一位秘书每周来两次处理他的信件。表示“处理”应用短语 deal with，
固定搭配；表示“来往信件”应用 correspondence，不可数名词。空前是不定式符号，应填动词原形，作目的
状语。故填 deal with his correspondence。
70. protest their innocence
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：囚犯们继续申明他们无罪。句中应填写动词构成 to do 不定式作宾语。根
据汉语提示，表示“申明他们无罪”应该使用 protest their innocence。故答案为 protest their innocence。
71. fill in the blanks
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：用这些信息填写表格上的空白。根据汉语提示“填空”及句意可知，此空要填
短语 fill in the blanks，fill in 动词短语“填充”的意思，blank 在此处是“空格”的意思，且为可数名词，故填 fill
in the blanks。
72. to reform him to reform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我真诚地希望汤姆的母亲能够让他洗心革面。此外，汤姆还承诺要改过
自新。第一空根据所给汉语提示“让他洗心革面”可知，应用短语 reform him，由固定搭配 be able to do 可知，
应用 to reform him；第二空根据所给汉语提示“改过自新”可知，应用动词 reform，由固定搭配 promise to do sth
可知，应用不定式作宾语。故填①to reform him；②to reform。
73. make great achievements
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：这个野心勃勃的人将来一定会在他的领域里取得巨大成就。根据汉语提示“取
得巨大的成就”可知，句中涉及固定短语“make great achievements”，意为“取得巨大的成就”，“be bound to do
sth.”意为“一定会做某事”，“to”后接动词原形，故空格处应填“make great achievements”。故填 make great
achievements。
74. I found my father sitting in his chair
【解析】考查时态和非谓语动词。分析句意可知，阐述过去的事实，谓语动词用一般过去时 found ；根据
根据 find sb. doing 意为 “发现某人正做某事”，要用现在分词形式 sitting 作宾语补足语，故填 I found my
father sitting in his chair。
75. bring to life/bring back to life
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我们设法使受害者苏醒过来了。根据汉语提示“使……苏醒过来”以及上文的
managed to 可知，此处应填动词原形与不定式构成宾语，结合语意可知，此处考查固定短语 bring (back) to life，
意为“使恢复，使苏醒”。故填 bring to life 或 bring back to life。
76. take control of/control
【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意：抱歉。我意识到我必须控制自己的脾气。表示“控制”应用 take
control of/control，根据空格前“have to”可知，空格处应填动词原形，所以应填 take control of/control。故填 take
control of/control。
77. to stress out
【解析】考查不定式和动词短语。句意：当事情出错时，我尽量不让自己焦虑不安。根据汉语意思提示可
知，此处为动词短语 stress out“焦虑不安”，满足句意要求，结合 try to do
sth“尽力做某事”可知，为不定式结构。故填 to stress out。
78. submit herself to/submit to
【解析】考查省略 to 的不定式。句意：她决定辞去该组织的职务，而不屈从新规定。submit (oneself) to (屈
从于……)， rather than 前后的动词形式要保持一致，前面是 doing 形式则后面也用 doing 形式，前面是 to do
形式则后面也用(to) do 形式。故填 submit (herself) to。
79. make a decision/come to a decision/arrive at a decision/reach a decision
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：委员会预计在这周做出决定。be due to do sth.表示“预计做某事，按期做某
事”；表示“做出决定”应用 make a decision/come to a decision/arrive at a decision/reach a decision，根据所给汉
语提示可知，空格处应填 make a decision/come to a decision/arrive at a decision/reach a decision。故填 make a
decision/come to a decision/arrive at a decision/reach a decision。
80. rely on me to keep
【解析】考查动词原形。句意：你可以相信我会保守你的秘密。rely on sb. to do sth. (相信某人做某事)，keep
one’s secret (保守秘密)，情态动词 can 后接动词原形。故填 rely on me to keep。
81. kept you waiting
【解析】考查动词短语和不定式的完成式。句意：对不起，让您久等了。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为
动词短语 keep sb doing sth“让某人一直做某事”，满足句意要求，结合该句 to have done 表示不定式动作发
生于谓语之前，故为不定式的完成式形式。故填 kept you waiting。
82. abusing his wife
【解析】考查动名词。of 为介词，后面接动名词形式；表示“虐待”用 abuse，表示“他的妻子”用 his wife。
故填 abusing his wife。
83. limit the number of
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：根据“自然英格兰”组织制定的规则，为限制小马的数量，其中一些小马后来
也被出售。in order to 后面接动词原形，译为“为了……”；表示“限制”用 limit；表示“……数量”用 the number
of。故填 limit the number of。
84. To show our respect
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：为了表达我们的尊敬，无论我们和谁握手，我们都应该取下手套。根据所
给汉语提示“为了表达我们的尊敬”可知，此处应为动词不定式作目的状语，“表达我们的尊敬”译为 show our
respect。故填 To show our respect。
85. focus her mind on/focus her attention on
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：她努力将自己的注意力集中在工作上。根据所给汉语提示“把她的注意力集
中于”可知，应填 focus her mind/attention on，且根据空前的 to 可知，此处应为动词不定式 to do 结构，故填
focus her mind/attention on。
86. adding that
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：总统表示同意，并补充说他希望和平解决。根据汉语提示可知，此处使
用 add that，add 与主语 president 是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，作伴随状语。故填 adding that。
87. bring down
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：政府已采取措施降低日常商品的高价以保持市场稳定。表示“降低”应用
bringdown，固定搭配，根据空前的 take measures to“采取措施做某事”可知应用动词原形的形式作目的状语。
故填 bring down。
88. bring in
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：对公司来说最重要的是引入新设备。根据汉语提示，空处应用动词短语 bring
in，表示“引入”，不定式符号 to 后接动词原形形式。故填 bring in。
89. improving my health and increasing my happiness
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：它提高了我的生活质量,增强我的健康, 提升我的幸福。表示“增强”应用
improve，表示“提升”应用 increase，It 与 improve 和 increase 之间均为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作结果
状语；表示“我的健康”用 my health，表示“我的幸福”用 my happiness。 故填 improving my health and increasing
my happiness。
90. To change bad habits/Changing bad habits
【解析】考查不定式和动名词。句意：改变坏习惯从来不是件容易的事，即使有很多尝试。“改变坏习惯”可
以翻译为 change bad habits，分析句子可知，空格处部分是句子的主语，所以可以用不定式形式或动名词形
式作主语。故填 To change bad habits/Changing bad habits。
91. found people sitting there
【解析】考查时态及固定搭配。句意：就在几天后，他发现人们坐在那里，进行积极和愉快的交谈。结合
前文 went up 可知，时态为一般过去时，结合 and 后的 engaging 可知为正在发生的事，find sb doing sth.为固
定搭配，意为“发现人们正在做某事”，“坐”是 sit，此处应用其现在分词表主动和进行。故填 found people sitting
there。
92. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：也许理解西方艺术的最好的方法是审视西方绘画几个世纪以来的发展。“也
许”perhaps，置于句首，首字母大写，“最好的方法”the best way，“理解西方艺术”understand Western art，动
词短语作后置定语修饰抽象名词 way，应用不定式形式。故填 Perhaps the best way to understand Western art。
93. To tackle this crisis
【解析】考查短语和非谓语动词。句意：为了应对这场危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院
接受教育。tackle the crisis 应对危机。句中用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”。根据汉语提示及句意，
故填 To tackle this crisis。
94. using body language
【解析】考查动名词。句意：最关键的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。“使用肢体语言”
是 use body language，用动名词作表语，故填 using body language。
95. making this gesture
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免做这个手势，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
根据汉语提示可知，make this gesture 作出这个手势，avoid doing sth 避免做某事，故空处用动名词形式。故
填 making this gesture。
四、
1
96. where
97. was built
98. inventions
99. surrounded
100. an
101. cultural
102. easily
103. as
104. to appreciate
105. welcomes
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国历史文化名城——洛阳。
96. 考查关系副词。Luoyang 是先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语成分，故填 where。
97. 考查动词的时态和语态。the first Buddhist temple 是主语，与谓语动词 build 是被动关系，began 提示是
过去时态，故填 was built。
98. 考查名词。根据后面列举的发明判断是很多发明，用复数形式，故填 inventions。
99. 考查非谓语动词。根据 and 判断此处与 Located 并列用非谓语动词，“包围”和“大山”是被动关系，用过
去分词，故填 surrounded。
100. 考查冠词。此处表示“洛阳占据一个重要的位置”，故填 an。
101. 考查形容词。根据 historical and 判断要用形容词形式，形容词修饰名词，故填 cultural。
102. 考查副词。副词修饰动词，故填 easily。
103. 考查固定搭配。be known as“作为……而著名”，故填 as。
104. 考查非谓语动词。表示目的，用动词不定式，故填 to appreciate。
105. 考查主谓一致。that 指代 place 作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填 welcomes。
2
106. formed
107. on
108. ending
109. which
110. voluntary
111. times
112. is sent
113. have cleaned
114. too
115. really
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了志愿者打捞长江里的垃圾、保护长江的事情。
106. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该团队成立于 2019 年，平均由 50 多名 60 岁以上的当地前渔民组成。本句已
有谓语 is made up of 且无连词，动词 form 用非谓语形式，逻辑主语 The team 与 form 之间是被动关系，form
用过去分词。故填 formed。
107. 考查固定搭配。句意：该团队成立于 2019 年，平均由 50 多名 60 岁以上的当地前渔民组成。on (the)
average 是固定搭配，意为“平均说来”。故填 on。
108. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在结束他的捕鱼生涯后，这位老渔夫转而将他的航海经验用于保护母亲河。upon
doing...是固定搭配，意为“一……就……”，end 用动名词形式，作宾语。故填 ending。
109.
考查定语从句。句意：“很好，我的技术仍然可以用来清理河里的垃圾，这也将造福子孙后代，”马说。该空
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指前句指代的事情，在从句中作主语，用关系代词 which。故填 which。
110. 考查形容词。句意：每个月，这支志愿队在 15 公里的水道上巡逻三次，收集垃圾，防止人们在河上捕
鱼。修饰名词 team，用形容词 voluntary，作定语。故填 voluntary。
111. 考查名词复数。句意：每个月，这支志愿队在 15 公里的水道上巡逻三次，收集垃圾，防止人们在河上
捕鱼。此处的 time 意为“次数”，是可数名词，由 three 修饰，用其复数形式。故填 times。
112. 考查时态语态。句意：他们收集的垃圾被送到岸边的垃圾处理站，而塑料瓶等可回收垃圾则被出售。
主句主语 The trash 与主句谓语动词 send 是被动关系，结合 while 引导从句谓语 is sold 可知，用一般现在时
的被动语态，主句主语 The trash 不可数名词，主句谓语使用单数形式。故填 is sent。
113. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，他们已经清理了 50 多吨漂浮垃圾。根据句中的时间状语 up
to now (到目前为止)可知，谓语动词 clean 用现在完成时，主语 they，谓语复数形式。故填 have cleaned。
114. 考查固定搭配。句意：“我们将继续保护长江，直到我们老得不能驾船为止，因为这是一项值得我们花
费时间和精力的事业，”肖说。固定搭配 too...to…“太……以至于不能……”。故填 too。
115. 考查副词。句意：“我们将继续保护长江，直到我们老得不能驾船为止，因为这是一项值得我们花费时
间和精力的事业，”肖说。修饰动词 deserving，用副词 really，作状语。故填 really。
3
116. the
117. largest
118. mainly
119. planting
120. for
121. contribution
122. to protect
123. which/that
124. used
125. has changed
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中印两国在绿植增长方面作出了突出贡献。
116. 考查冠词。句意：一项新的研究表明，世界上人口最多的两个国家在促进绿植增长方面领先全球。结
合句意，此处是特指中国和印度这两个国家，所以需用定冠词 the 表特指。故填 the。
117.
考查形容词最高级。句意：一项新的研究表明，世界上人口最多的两个国家在促进绿植增长方面领先全球。
中国和印度是世界上人口最多的两个国家，所以此处应填形容词最高级。故填 largest。
118. 考查副词。句意：取得如此成效主要归功于中国耗资巨大的植树计划和两国的农业发展。分析句子结
构可知，设空处应填副词 mainly，充当状语，修饰动词 come。故填 mainly。
119. 考查名词。句意：取得如此成效主要归功于中国耗资巨大的植树计划和两国的农业发展。名词短语 tree
planting（植树），作定语，修饰 programs。故填 planting。
120. 考查介词。句意：中国仅占全球植被面积的 6.6%，却占全球绿叶面积增长的 25%。account for 是固定
短语，意为“（在数量、比例上）占”。故填 for。
121. 考查名词。句意：中国所作出的巨大贡献很大程度上来自于一些旨在保护森林和扩大森林面积的项目，
从而减少土壤侵蚀、空气污染和气候变化所产生的影响。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填名词 contribution，
充当主语，空后的 comes 表明用单数形式。故填 contribution。
122. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国所作出的巨大贡献很大程度上来自于一些旨在保护森林和扩大森林面积
的项目，从而减少土壤侵蚀、空气污染和气候变化所产生的影响。分析句子结构，该句谓语是 comes from，
并结合句意，设空处应填不定式 to protect，充当目的状语。故填 to protect。
123. 考查定语从句。句意：综上所述，地球的绿化意味着植物和树木叶面积的增加，相当于所有亚马逊雨
林所覆盖的面积。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是 area，指物，且引导词在从句中充当
主语，所以此处可填 which 或 that，引导定语从句。故填 which 或 that。
124. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国和印度用于种植作物的土地面积相当，自本世纪初以来变化不大。Land area
和动词 use 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以设空处应填过去分词 used，表被动，作后置定语，修饰 Land
area。故填 used。
125. 考查时态。句意：中国和印度用于种植作物的土地面积相当，自本世纪初以来变化不大。由时间状语“since
the early 2000s”可知，此处时态应为现在完成时，主语 Land area 是第三人称单数，故填 has changed。
4
126. enhances
127. than
128. on
129. led
130. studies
131. another
132. to assess
133. significant
134. be improved
135. frequently
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家的一项研究：在蓝色空间散步对人们的身心健康有益。
126. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在树间散步可以增进你的健康。讲述客观事实，用一般现在时，动名词
短语 Walking among the trees 作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。故填 enhances。
127. 考查比较级。句意：但大自然的恩赐比起绿树和绿草还有更多。根据空格前的 more 可知是比较级
more…than…结构。故填 than。
128. 考查固定搭配。句意：巴塞罗那全球健康研究所（ISGlobal）领导的一项研究表明，在蓝色空间短距离
散步可以对你的健康和心情产生积极影响。have a positive effect on…(对……有积极的影响)。故填 on。
129. 考查过去分词。句意：巴塞罗那全球健康研究所（ISGlobal）领导的一项研究表明，在蓝色空间短距离
散步可以对你的健康和心情产生积极影响。本句已有谓语 can have 且无连词，动词 lead 用非谓语形式，逻
辑主语 research 与非谓语动词 lead 之间是被动关系，lead 用过去分词作后置定语。故填 led。
130. 考查名词复数。句意：ISGlobal 的城市规划、环境和健康倡议主任 Mark Nieuwenhuijsen 和他的同事们
进行了许多研究。many 修饰可数名词复数，study 的复数形式是 studies。故填 studies。
131. 考查不定代词。句意：然后，在另一周，他们花了 20 分钟沿着城市街道散步。根据空格前的 a different
week 可知此处是另一个星期，用不定代词 another (另一个的)。故填 another。
132. 考查动词不定式。句意：在每次活动之前、期间和之后，研究人员向每位参与者提问，以评估他们的
情绪和幸福感。assess 用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to assess。
133. 考查形容词。句意：Nieuwenhuijsen 说：“在他们去蓝色空间散步后，我们看到他们的幸福感和情绪立
即显著改善。”形容词 significant 作定语修饰名词 improvement。故填 significant。
134. 考查语态。句意：这表明人们的心情和幸福感可以通过在蓝色空间行走来改善。宾语从句主语 people’s
mood and well-being 与从句谓语动词 improve 之间是被动关系，结合情态动词 can，需用情态动词的被动语
态（can be done）。故填 be improved。
135. 考查副词。句意：他们应该经常在蓝色或绿色空间行走。用副词 frequently 作状语修饰动词 walk。故
填 frequently。
5
136. to celebrate
137. have eaten
138. why
139. preparations
140. it
141. after
142. relaxing
143. enjoyable
144. makes
145. the
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者结合自己的切身经历阐述了外出就餐是一种省心省力但依然充
满爱的吃春节团圆饭方式。
136. 考查非谓语动词。句意：家庭聚餐是庆祝春节的一个重要传统。作后置定语修饰 tradition，应用不定式。
故填 to celebrate。
137. 考查时态。句意：我们在外面吃春节团圆饭已经有三年了，我们享受它的程度不亚于在家里吃。根据“for
the last three years”可知，时态应用现在完成时，主语为 we，助动词用 have。故填 have eaten。
138. 考查宾语从句。句意：我不明白为什么有些人拒绝接受改变。引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故
用 why 引导。故填 why。
139. 考查名词的数。句意：难道他们不承认准备晚餐是一项艰苦的工作吗？preparation 为可数名词，根据
后文 are 可知用复数形式。故填 preparations。
140. 考查固定句型。句意：我真的认为不值得花那么多时间准备一顿饭，然后在结束后再花一个小时收拾
残局。此处为句型 it is worth the effort of 表示“值得……”。故填 it。
141. 考查连词。句意：我真的认为不值得花那么多时间准备一顿饭，然后在结束后再花一个小时收拾残局。
引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之后”应用 after。故填 after。
142. 考查形容词。句意：我们一整年都在工作，为什么就不能有一天花点时间和家人在一起放松一下呢？
作表语，表示“令人放松的”应用 relaxing。故填 relaxing。
143. 考查形容词。句意：不需要那么辛苦的烹饪，这样的场合会更愉快，菜也更美味！作表语，表示“愉快
的”应用形容词 enjoyable。故填 enjoyable。
144. 考查时态。句意：在我看来，除夕吃什么或在哪里吃真的没有区别。空处为主句谓语动词，陈述客观
事实用一般现在时，主语为 what or where we eat on Spring Festival Eve，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填
makes。
145. 考查冠词。句意：外出就餐可能会改变这一传统的形式，但围坐在一起的家庭成员之间的爱仍然保持
不变。此处为短语 the same 表示“一样”。故填 the。
真题演练
【2022 年】
1（2022 新高考 I 卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。
设空处在句中作非谓语，cover 和句子的逻辑主语 the GPNP 为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状
语，首字母大写。故填 Covering。
2（2022 新高考 I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one a