中考英语语法教学课件-专题10 动词的时态和语态

(共72张PPT)
专题1 　名词
专题2 　代词
专题3 　冠词
专题4 　数词
专题5 介词和介词短语
专题6 形容词和副词
专题7 连词
专题8 系动词和情态动词
专题9 动词短语及词义辨析
专题10 动词的时态和语态
专题11 非谓语动词
专题12 主谓一致
专题13 简单句（陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
专题14 复合句（宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句）
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
┃考点直击┃
中考考点
1．动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现
在分词的构成。
2．动词的8种时态的基本结构及区别(了解过去将来时、
过去完成时的基本用法)。
3．被动语态的构成及主动语态和被动语态的转换。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
1　动词时态
1．一般现在时
(1)结构：
结构 be 动词 行为动词
肯定句 主语＋am/is/are＋其他． 主语＋do/does＋其他．
否定句 主语＋am/is/are＋not＋其他． 主语＋do/does＋not＋do＋其他.
一般疑
问句 Am/Is/Are＋主语＋do＋其他？ Do/Does＋主语＋do＋其他？
(2)用法：
● 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays等时间状语连用。如：
I go to school at seven every day.我每天七点去上学。
● 表示客观真理、科学事实。如：
The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
● 在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时。如：
I'll go shopping with my mother if she is free
tomorrow.如果明天我妈妈有空，我将和她去购物。
(3)动词变为第三人称单数形式的变化规则：
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
种类 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加s work——works
write—— ________
以s，x，o，ch，sh结尾的词 加-es wash——_________
fix—fixes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i, 再加-es cry——cries
study—__________
特殊 特殊记忆 have——_______
writes
washes
studies
has
2. 现在进行时
(1)结构： 主语＋am/is/are＋动词ing形式＋其他．
(2)用法：
● 表示目前正在进行的动作，常与now, at the moment
等时间状语连用。当有listen, look 提示词时，后面的句子
常用现在进行时。如：
Listen！She is singing in the next room.
听！她正在隔壁房间唱歌。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
● 表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如：
We are going over the lessons these days.
这些日子我们在复习功课。
● 趋向动词 come, go, leave, fly等用现在进行时表示将来。
如：
They are leaving for England tomorrow.
他们明天要去英国。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
(3)现在分词的变化规则：
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
种类 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加-ing play — playing
以不发音的e结尾 去e加-ing make — ________
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅字母 先双写该辅音字母，
再加-ing run — __________
stop — stopping
get — getting
特殊 特殊记忆 die — dying
making
running
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
3. 一般将来时
(1)结构：
主语＋助动词will/shall＋动词原形＋其他．
主语＋am/is/are going to＋动词原形＋其他．
(2)用法：
●表示要发生的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有soon, next time，tomorrow，from now on 等。如：
Fish ________ without water.离开水，鱼就会死。
will die
● 表示“主观意愿、打算”用be going to；根据迹象推测也
用be going to。如：
He is __________ learn English next term.
他打算下学期学英语。
Look at the black clouds！It's going to rain.
看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
going to
4．一般过去时
(1)结构：主语＋动词过去式＋其他．
(2)用法：
● 表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
His friend _____ at work yesterday.
昨天他的朋友在工作。
● 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与 often, always等
表示频度的时间状语连用。
We often _______ to work by bus last year.
去年我们经常乘公共汽车上班。
was
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
went
(3)动词过去式的变换规则：
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
closed
preferred
种类 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加-ed watch—watched
以不发音字母e
结尾 加-d live—lived
close—________
以“辅音字母＋y”
结尾 变y为i，再加
-ed study—studies
cry—cried
以重读闭音节
结尾，末尾只有
一个辅音字母 先双先该辅音
字母，再加-ed plan—planned
prefer—__________
不规则动词 特殊记忆 do—did keep—kept
5.现在完成时
(1)结构： 主语＋have/has＋动词过去分词＋其他．
(过去分词的变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。有些特殊变
化需单独记忆)
(2)用法：
● 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。有时与 just,
already, yet, ever, never, before 等时间状语连用。如：
I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
● 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与“since＋时间点”，“for＋时间段”等时间状语连用。如：
We ______________ thousands of trees since 2000.
自从2000年开始，我们已经种了成千上万棵树了。
He _____________ English for three years.
他学英语三年了。
have planted
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
has learned
(3) 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：
一般过去时只是说明动作是在过去发生，而现在完成时强
调过去的动作对现在的影响。如：
I _______ the movie yesterday.
我昨天看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的)
I ____________ the movie.
我看过这部电影。(强调电影看过了)
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
saw
have seen
(4)现在完成时中，如果时间状语表示一段时间，要把非延
续性动词变为延续性动词。如：
I have had the book for two days.
这本书我买了两天了。(用had而不用bought)
He has been in Beijing for two weeks.
他来北京两周了。(用been in 而不用come to)
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
●常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转化如下表：
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
have arrived/come have been in
have left have been away
have closed/open have been closed/open
have die have been dead
have married have been married
have begun have been on
have bought have had
have borrowed have kept
have joined/taken part in have been a member of
6.过去进行时
(1)结构： 主语＋was/were＋doing＋其他．
(2)用法：
●表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
常与when, while, from 9 to 11, last evening 等时间
状语连用。如：
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
I __________ my homework all the morning yesterday.
昨天上午我一直在做作业。
What ______ your father ________ while your mother
was cooking
你妈妈做饭时，你爸爸在干什么？
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
was doing
was
doing
2　动词的被动语态
(1)构成：
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 主语＋am/is/are＋过去分词＋其他． English is widely used in the world.
一般过去时 主语＋was/were＋过去分词＋其他． The cake was made by my mother.
一般将来时 主语＋will be＋过去分词＋其他． A new school will be built next year.
现在完成时 主语+have/has been＋过去分词＋其他. His key hasn't been found yet.
含情态动词 主语＋can/may/must＋be＋过去分词＋其他． It must be done now.
(2)用法：
●不知道动作的执行者或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用
被动语态。
●强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。
(3)不能用被动语态的动词：
●不及物动词及短语，如happen，take place 等。如：
An accident happened last night.昨晚发生了一起事故。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
●表示所属关系的动词及短语。如：
The car belongs to Mr Wang.
那辆车属于王先生。
●连系动词，如feel, sound, taste, smell等。如：
That sounds like a good idea.
那听起来是个好主意。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1．We have no more vegetables in the
fridge. I ________ and buy some.
A．go　　　　　　　B．went
C．will go D．was going
┃考点过关 ┃
【答案】 C
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
2．Henry will give us a report as soon as
he ________．　
A．arrives B．arrived
C．is arriving D．will arrive
【解析】 A　as soon as引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时态。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
3． The clothing store ________ a sale.
The clothes there are very cheap.
A．has B．had
C．is having D．was having
【解析】 C　根据后句的“衣服很便宜”可知商店正在减价销售，故用现在进行时态。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
4．Ken ________ his jacket in the gym. He
has to get it back.　
A．left B．leaves
C．is leaving D．was leaving
【解析】 A　leave his jacket in the gym意为“把上衣忘在了体育馆”，动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时态。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
5．Annie ________ to the party. She had a
wonderful time with us.
A．invites B．is invited
C．was invited D．has invited
【答案】 C　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
6．Don't return the video to Peter. I
________ it.　
A．don't watch B．won't watch
C．haven't watched D．wasn't watching
【答案】 C　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
7．The twins didn't go to the theatre. They
________ the light music all night.　
A．have enjoyed B．will enjoy
C．are enjoying D．were enjoying
【答案】 D　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
8．Miss Zhang, the most beautiful teacher,
________ many flowers and letters these days.　
A．received B．will receive
C．was receiving D．has received
【解析】 D　根据时间状语these days及句意，可以判断用现在完成时态。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
9． —Where were you this morning
—I ________ in the supermarket.
A．will shop B．am shopping
C．was shopping D．have shopped
【答案】 C　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
10．Tom ________ the CD player for two weeks.
A．has lent B．has borrowed
C．has bought D．has had
【答案】 D　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
Ⅱ. 根据句意及提示写出正确的单词或短语
1．This kind of watch _______ (sell) well.
2．They _____________ (have ) dinner at this time
yesterday.
3．Our classroom ___________ (clean) every day.
4．—This is an old building.
—Do you know when it __________ (build)
5．John found the ground was all white when he
__________ (醒来)．
sells
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
were having
is cleaned
was built
woke up
6．Don't be afraid of making mistakes in class. You
won't be ____________ (嘲笑)．
7．Jack always ______________ ( 开玩笑 ) his friends.
8．[2013·南充] You have to be 18 years old before
you are __________ (允许) to drive a car.
9．Listen! Someone is ______________ (敲门) the door.
10．I have ___________ ( 离开) from my hometown for
a long time. I really miss it.
laughed at
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
plays jokes on
allowed
knocking at/on
been away
时态
1．—Mum, I can't find my shoes.
—Hurry up! Your father ________ for us.
A．is waiting B．waited
C．waits D．will wait
┃语法专练 ┃
【答案】 A　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
2．I have to be off now. My friends
________ outside.
A．wait B．are waiting
C．have waited D．were waiting
【解析】 B　根据“I have to be off”可知“朋友们正在外面等”，故用现在进行时态。 　　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
3．—When will you tell him the good news
—I will tell him as soon as he ________ back.
A．comes B．came
C．will come D. is coming
【答案】 A　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
4．—Can your brother make model planes
—Yes, this week he ________ a new one.
A．makes B．would make
C．had made D．is making
【答案】 D　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
5．Nobody noticed what the young man ________ at
that moment.
A．will do B．was doing
C．has done D．had done
【答案】 B　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
6． —Frank, you look worried. Anything
wrong
—Well, I ________ a test and I'm waiting for the
result.
A．will take B．took
C．am taking D．take
【解析】 B　根据“I'm waiting for the result”可以判断“已经参加了考试”，故用一般过去时态。　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
7． —I went to see you yesterday evening,
but you weren't in. Where were you then
—I ________ a walk by the lake with my husband.
A．was having B．am having
C．have had D．have
【答案】 A　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
8．—Where is your father, Leo
—He is in Hainan on vacation. He ________ for two
weeks.
A．has been away B．has left
C．has gone D. left
【答案】 A　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
9．Mike, go and see who ________ football on the
playground.
A．is playing B．plays
C．played D．were playing
【答案】 A　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
10．—________ you ________ to the radio
—No, you can turn it off.
A．Did; listen B．Have; listen
C．Do; listen D．Are; listening
【解析】 D　回答是“你可以关上(收音机)”，由此可见问话人是问对方“是否在听收音机”，故应用现在进行时。 　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
11．—Where were you in July last year
—This time last year my family and I ________
my grandparents in New York.
A．was visiting B．visited
C．had visited D．were visiting
【解析】 D　句中有时间状语“this time last year”，强调去年的这个时候正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
12．—Why not go to see the dolphin show with me
—Because I ________ it.
A．saw B．will see
C．see D．have seen
【解析】 D　答句说明了没有去看海豚展的原因，故这里暗示了“过去曾看过”这一动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。 　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
13．Tom wants to be a singer and he
________ singing lessons to do it.
A．took B．has taken
C．is taking D．was taking
【答案】 C　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
14．—Do you know Jack well
—Certainly. We ________ friends since ten years
ago.
A．were B．have made
C．have become D．have been
【答案】 D　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
15．Tom ________ the CD player for two weeks.
A．has lent B．has borrowed
C．has bought D．has had
【解析】 D　由句意可知应用完成时，谓语动词用延续性动词。lend, borrow, buy均为非延续性动词，而have是延续性动词。故选D。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
16．How many times ________ you ________ to
Beijing this year
A．have; been B．had; been
C．have; gone D．had; gone
【答案】 A　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
17．—The train is leaving right now, but David hasn't
arrived yet.
—Well, he said he ________ here on time.
A．came B．will be
C．would come D．can be
【答案】 C　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
18．—________ to the United States
—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.
A．Have you been B．Have you gone
C．Did you go D．Will you go
【解析】 A　这里问的应是“你是否去过美国”，用have been to结构。 　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
19．—Nice to see you. I ________ you for a long time.
—I ________ in Beijing. I've just come back.
A．hadn't seen; am B．haven't seen; was
C．didn't see; will be D．haven't seen; shall be
【答案】 B　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
20．—Hurry up! It's time to leave.
—OK. ________.
A．I'm coming B．I'll come
C．I've come D．I come
【解析】 A　此处用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。 　　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
21． Julia isn't going to the cinema with us
because she ________ the film.
A．sees B．saw
C．will see D．has seen
【解析】 D　因为Julia“看过电影”了所以不打算去了，故用现在完成时态。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
22. Mr White came to our school in 2008, and since
then he ________ us English.
A．teaches B．taught
C．has taught D．will teach
【解析】 C　从since then可知应用现在完成时。 　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
23．Mr Wang isn't here. I think he________ Guiyang.
A．has gone to B．has been to
C．goes D．went
【答案】 A　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
24．I began watching here an hour ago,
but now nothing ________ yet.
A．happens B．will happen
C．happened D．has happened
【解析】 D　yet为现在完成时标志性时间状语。 　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
25． —Have you had your breakfast yet
—Yes. Mom ________ it for me.
A．was cooking B．is cooking
C．will cook D．cooked
【答案】 D　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
26．—Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new
pair
—Because I ________ all my money on an MP5.
A．spend B．have spent
C．am spending D．was spending
【答案】 B　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
语态
27．Chinese ________ by more and more people from
all over the world today.
A．learn B．learned
C．is learned D．was learned
【答案】 C　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
28．—I won’t come to the party unless Sue ________，
too.
—You mean if Sue comes you'll come
A．will invite B．invites
C．invited D．is invited
【解析】 D　主句为一般将来时态时，unless引导的状语从句应用一般现在时； 根据答句可以判断空处应用被动语态。故选D。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
29．A new shoe factory will ________ in this part of
the city.
A．be building B．be built
C．build D．be to build
【解析】 B　考查一般将来时的被动结构： will be ＋动词过去分词。故选B。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
30．—It's time to do your homework, Jack.
—Yes, mum. I'll turn off the TV as soon as the
programme ________.
A．ends B．end
C．will be ended D．will end
【解析】 A　end在这里作不及物动词，用主动结构表示被动意义。同时as soon as 从句应用一般现在时代替将来时。故选A。 　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
31． It was reported that nine Chinese
people ________ in a balloon crash (坠毁) in
Egypt on February 26，2013.
A．are killed B．were killed
C．will kill D．have killed
【答案】 B　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
32． If you see the cartoon film, you
will ________ laugh.
A．be made B．be made to
C．make to D．make
【解析】 B　make sb do改为被动语态时为： sb be made to do。 　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
33．What ________ in that shop
A．did happen B．is happening
C．was happened D．happen
【解析】 B　happen是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，疑问词what在句中作主语，不需用助动词do来帮助提问。　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
34．—Sixteen-year-olds ________ to drive in China.
—But in America, they can.
A．is allowed B．is not allowed
C．are allowed D．are not allowed
【答案】 D　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
35．These books ________ out of the reading room.
You have to read them here.
A．can't take B．must be taken
C．can take D．mustn't be taken
【解析】 D　句意： 这些书不允许带出阅览室，必须在这儿读。故应用被动语态，mustn't 意为“禁止”。
专题10 　动词的时态和语态
36．You may go fishing if your work ________.
A．is done B．will be done
C．has done D．have done
【解析】 A　if引导的是一个条件状语从句，应用一般现在时的被动语态。 　
专题10 　动词的时态和语态