中考英语语法教学课件-专题13 简单句

(共74张PPT)
专题1 　名词
专题2 　代词
专题3 　冠词
专题4 　数词
专题5 介词和介词短语
专题6 形容词和副词
专题7 连词
专题8 系动词和情态动词
专题9 动词短语及词义辨析
专题10 动词的时态和语态
专题11 非谓语动词
专题12 主谓一致
专题13 简单句（陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
专题14 复合句（宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句）
专题13 简单句（陈述句、疑问句、
感叹句、祈使句、倒装句 ）
专题13 　简单句
┃考点直击┃
中考考点
1．陈述句的概念及其肯定形式和否定形式。
2．一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句
的结构及答语。
3．what和how引导的感叹句。
专题13 　简单句
1　陈述句
　 用来陈述一个事实或者表达说话者看法的句子叫陈述句，句末用句号。陈述句分肯定句和否定句。
1．肯定句
I have been to Beijing for several times.
我曾经去过北京几次。
专题13 　简单句
2．否定句
借助于否定词not, no, never, no one, nobody, nothing, none等， 以及半否定词hardly, few, little等构成否定句。如：
We can't live without air.
没有空气我们无法生存。
[注意] (1)肯定句变否定句，句中的连词 and 要改为 or。如：
Mary doesn't like toy cars or transformers.
玛丽不喜欢玩具车和变形金刚。
(2)含有 all, both, each, every等的肯定句加 not 变否定后，只表示部分否定；若表示全部否定则用 none, neither, no one, nobody等。如：
Not everything he said is right.他说的并非都是对的。
None of the students worked out the difficult maths problem.没有一个学生算出那道数学难题。
专题13 　简单句
专题13 　简单句
(3)含有 already, too的肯定句变否定句时，already和 too要分别变为 yet和either。如：
My sister doesn't like that kind of book, either.
我姐姐也不喜欢那种书。
The meeting is nearly over, but John hasn't got here yet.
会议就快结束了，但是约翰还没赶到。
专题13 　简单句
2　疑问句
1．一般疑问句
(1)用yes 或 no 回答的问句叫一般疑问句。如：
—Does he go to school at 7：30 every day
他每天七点半上学吗？
—Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
是的，他是。/不，他不是。
专题13 　简单句
(2)否定疑问句是以“be/情态动词/助动词＋not”的缩写形式开头的。表示请求、看法或惊讶等，其答语和汉语习惯不一样。如：
—Aren't you a student
你不是一名学生吗？
—Yes, I am./No, I am not.
不，我是。/是的，我不是。
2．特殊疑问句
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。常见疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose；疑问副词有when, where, why, how；疑问短语有how long, how soon, how far等。如：
What is he doing over there 他在那边干什么？
When will they leave for the South Pole
他们什么时候出发去南极？
专题13 　简单句
3．选择疑问句
提出两种或两种以上情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答，这种问句叫选择疑问句。 其答语不能用yes或no。其结构为：
(1) 一般疑问句＋or ＋被选择的部分？
(2) 特殊疑问句， A or B 如：
专题13 　简单句
—Do you like English or Chinese
你喜欢英语还是语文？
—I like both. 我两个都喜欢。
—Which do you prefer, apples or bananas
苹果和香蕉，你更喜欢哪个？
—Apples. 苹果。
专题13 　简单句
3　感叹句
　 感叹句一般用来表示说话者的喜、怒、哀、乐等情感，常用what和how引导。
1．what 引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数形式(＋主语＋谓语)！如：
What an important meeting (it is)!
多么重要的会议呀！
专题13 　简单句
(2) What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)! 如：
What bad weather ( it is)!
多么糟糕的天气呀！
(3)What＋形容词＋可数名词复数形式(＋主语＋谓语)！如：
What good notes he took!
他记的笔记多好呀！
专题13 　简单句
2．how 引导的感叹句
How ＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！如：
How tall the tree is! 这棵树好高啊！
How fast the horse is running!
马儿跑得多快呀！
专题13 　简单句
4　祈使句
　 表示请求、警告、建议或命令的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句的主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用句号或感叹号。
1．祈使句的肯定形式
(1)句中只有不及物动词。如：
Come here！过来！ Come in! 进来！
(2)及物动词＋宾语。如：
Close the door! 关门！ Open your books. 打开课本。
(3)系动词＋表语。如：Be careful! 小心！
专题13 　简单句
2．祈使句的否定形式
(1)Don't /Never ＋ 动词原形！如：
Don‘t climb the trees! 禁止爬树！
Never give up! 从不放弃！
(2)No＋名词(v.-ing )！如：
No photos! 禁止拍照！ No smoking! 禁止吸烟！
(3)Let's not ＋动词原形＋其他！如：
Let's not play in the street! 咱们别在街上玩了！
专题13 　简单句
专题13 　简单句
3．祈使句的回答一般用will 或won't。如：
—Don't eat too many apples once.
不要一次吃太多的苹果。
—OK, I won't.
好的，我不会了。
专题13 　简单句
5　倒装句
1．there be句型
there be 句型是一个典型的倒装句。它表示“某处有某物”，主语是be动词后面的名词。如：
There is a river near our school.
我们学校附近有一条河。
专题13 　简单句
2．以so/neither/nor开头的句子
此句型说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用“so/neither/ nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构。如：
He has been to Dalian, and so have I.
他去过大连，我也去过。
John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.
约翰不会讲日语，海伦也不会。
专题13 　简单句
3．only在句首时
Only in this way can you learn English well.
只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。
[注意] 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。如：
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.只有当他病得很重时，他才可能待在床上休息。
专题13 　简单句
4．副词位于句首
当here, there, now, then等副词置于句首时，谓语动词用be, come, go, lie, run等时。如：
Here is your letter.这是你的信。
[注意] 这种倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如：
Here he comes.他来了。
Here you are.给你。
1． ________ great picture! Who painted it
A．How　　　　　　B．What
C．How a D．What a
┃考点过关 ┃
【答案】 D
专题13 　简单句
2．________ something wrong with my
bike. Can I use yours
A．It is B．It was
C．There is D．There was
【答案】 C　
专题13 　简单句
3．—________ did you pay for the CD
—Only nine dollars.
A．How many B．How much
C．How long D．How often
【答案】 B　
专题13 　简单句
4．Our town has changed a lot, ________.
A．so he has B．so has his
C．so is hers D．so has he
【解析】 B　前半句是现在完成时态，has是助动词，故后半句仍然使用助动词has。 　
专题13 　简单句
5． —It's Father's Day, ________？
—Yes. Let's buy a gift for Dad.
A．isn't it B．doesn't it
C．isn't he D．doesn't he
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
6．________ get off the bus before it stops.
A．Don't B．Doesn't
C．Didn't D．Hadn't
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
7．—I'm worried about my English
—________ harder, ________ you will catch up with
your classmates!
A．Working; and B．To work; or
C．Work; and D．Worked; or
【答案】 C　
专题13 　简单句
8． Tell me the way to the cinema,
________ you
A．will　　B．need　　C．shall　　D．may
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
9．—Don't copy others' homework anymore!
—________， Miss Smith.
A．OK, I will B．Sorry, I won't
C．OK, I don't know D．Sorry, I don't
【答案】 B　
专题13 　简单句
10．—Excuse me. Is there a bank near here
—No, ________. But you can find one on Yang
Fang Road.
A．there isn't B. it isn't
C．they aren't D．there is
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
11．Only by taking more exercise ________ keep
healthy.
A．can you B．you can
C．are you D．you are
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
12．Hey, Nick. ________ comes the last bus! Hurry
up, or we'll have to walk home.
A．This B．There
C．That D．It
【答案】 B　
专题13 　简单句
1．I don't think the newly-directed film by
Zhaowei is as interesting as people say, ______？
A．do you B．isn't it
C．is it D．don't you
┃语法专练 ┃
【解析】 C　反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I/We don't think/believe/suppose/consider＋that宾语从句”时，疑问部分的助动词和主语要与从句的主语、助动词保持一致且用肯定形式。
专题13 　简单句
2．—Mr Wang's never been to Canada, has he
—________. He went there on business last week.
A．No, he hasn't B．Yes, he has
C．No, he has D．Yes, he hasn't
【解析】 B　反意疑问句的答语要根据事实来回答。由答语“He went there on business last week.”可知他去过，故选B。
专题13 　简单句
3．Don't make so much noise, Lily, ________？
A．do you B．don't you
C．will you D．won't you
【解析】 C　祈使句的反意疑问句的附加疑问部分应用“will you？”。
专题13 　简单句
4．Tell me the way to the cinema, ______
you
A．will B．need
C．shall D．may
【解析】 A　不管是否定的还是肯定的祈使句，反意疑问句的附加疑问部分用“will you？”。
专题13 　简单句
5．—He hasn't watched the movie So
Young, has he
—________. He told me it's very moving and
interesting, so he'd like to watch it again.
A．Yes, he has B．Yes, he hasn't
C．No, he hasn't D．No, he has
【解析】 A　根据答语“He told me it's very moving and interesting”可知“他看过这部电影了”，故A正确。
专题13 　简单句
6．She can hardly write her own name,
________？
A．can she B．can't she
C．need she D．needn't she
【解析】 A　hardly 意为“几乎不”，表示否定，故反意疑问句应用肯定形式。
专题13 　简单句
7．—There is nothing else to do，________？
—No, there isn't. We can have a rest.
A．is there B．isn't there
C．is it D．isn't it
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
8．—You haven't been to the West Lake,
have you
—________. But I will go there with my parents
this summer vacation.
A．No, I haven't B．No, I didn't
C．Yes, I have D. Yes, I did
【解析】 A　此处的“No, I haven't.”意为“是的，我没有去过。” 　
专题13 　简单句
9．There are more and more foreigners learning
Chinese, ________？
A．are there B．aren't there
C．are they D．aren't they
【答案】 B　
专题13 　简单句
10． —It's sunny today. Let's go mountain
climbing, ________？
—Good idea!
A．shall we B．will you
C．won't you D．do you
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
11．Nothing is more important than life，________？
A．is it B．isn't it
C．are they D．aren't they
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
12．Tom, ________ afraid of speaking in
front of people. You are the best one.
A．don't B．not
C．not be D．don't be
【答案】 D　
专题13 　简单句
13．—________ give up, Mary.
—Thanks for encouraging me.
A．Don't B．Don't be
C．Not be D．Be not
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
14．Boys and girls，________ your hands if you want
to take part in the summer camp.
A．putting B．to put
C．put up D．put
【答案】 C　
专题13 　简单句
15．________ this kind of peach, and you will like it.
A. To try B．Trying
C．Try D．Tried
【答案】 C　
专题13 　简单句
16．—________ here on time next time，or you'll be
punished.
—Sorry for being late again.
A．Be B. Being
C．To be D. Been
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
17．________， it's bad for your health.
A．Don't to eat too much
B. No eat too much
C．Never eat too much
D. Never eating too much
【答案】 C　
专题13 　简单句
18．—________ late for school again, Tom.
—Sorry, I promise that I ________.
A．Don't; won't B．Don't be; won't
C．Don't be; don't D．Don't; will
【答案】 B　
专题13 　简单句
19．—Jenny, I need some milk.
—OK, Mum. ________ do you need
A．How much B．How many
C．How often D．How long
【解析】 A　milk是不可数名词，故选A。 　
专题13 　简单句
20． ________ this rock music, please. I'm
afraid some people can't stand the noise!
A．Stopping B．Stop
C．Stops D．Stopped
【答案】 B　
专题13 　简单句
21．—Do you like summer or winter
—________. I really like the snow.
A．Yes, I do B．No, I don't
C．Summer D．Winter
【解析】 D　选择疑问句要用具体的内容作答。
专题13 　简单句
22．—________ did you receive the letter
—Just now.
A．What B．When
C．Where D．Why
【答案】 B　
专题13 　简单句
23．—________？
—The one on the stage.
A．Who are boys B．Where's the boy
C．Who's that boy D．Which boy
【答案】 D　
专题13 　简单句
24．—Have you watered the trees
—________.I'm too busy and forget it.
A．Yes, I did B．Yes, I have
C．No, I didn't D．No, I haven't
【答案】 D　
专题13 　简单句
25．________ wonderful news report he wrote! All of
us were proud of him.
A．What a B．What
C．How D．How a
【解析】 A　由后面的 report可知引导词应该用what, report 是可数名词，故选A。
专题13 　简单句
26．________ good advice the teacher
gave me!
A．How B．What
C．What a D．How a
【解析】 B　advice意为“建议”，为不可数名词。此题考查感叹句型： What ＋形容词＋不可数名词！
专题13 　简单句
27．________ good time they had last
weekend!
A．How B．What
C．What a D．How a
【答案】 C　
专题13 　简单句
28．________exciting it is to swim in the
sea while it is hot!
A．How B．What
C．How an D．What an
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
29．—________ good time we had at the party last
night!
—Yes. It was ________ exciting party that I would
never forget it.
A．What; so B．How; such
C．What a; such an D．How a; so an
【答案】 C　
专题13 　简单句
30．—Look，________ dirty the water is!
—Yes, we should really take some actions to deal
with it.
A. what a B．what
C．how D．how a
【答案】 C　
专题13 　简单句
31．________ we had last Sunday!
A．What a great fun B．What great fun
C．How a great fun D．How great fun
【答案】 B　
专题13 　简单句
32．—Two ________ died in the accident.
—________ terrible it is!
A．policemen; How B．policeman; What
C．police; What D．policemans; How
【答案】 A　
专题13 　简单句
33．—Dad, do you like my picture
—________！ It's the nicest one I've ever seen!
A．What beautiful B. How careful
C．How wonderful D. What wonderful picture
【答案】 C　
专题13 　简单句
34．—I have changed my job.
—________.
A．So do I B．So have I
C．So I do D．So I have
【解析】 B　答句句意： 我也换了工作。上句是由have构成的完成时态，因此答句由have/has构成完全倒装句，因此选B。 　
专题13 　简单句
35．—Tom had got high marks in the last exam.
—________， and so had I.
A．So he had B．So had he
C．So he did D．So did he
【解析】 A　用“so ＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示同意对方的看法，意为“是的，的确”。
专题13 　简单句
36． —I'm not going swimming tomorrow
afternoon.
— ________. I have to clean up my bedroom.
A．So am I B．Neither am I
C．Neither I am D．So I am
【答案】 B　
专题13 　简单句
37．Hi, Lily. ________ comes Tom. Let's go.
A．This B．There
C．That D．It
【答案】 B　
专题13 　简单句
38．John can't swim, ________ I.
A．so can B．nor can
C．neither can't D．so do
【解析】 B　说明前面的(否定)内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”。 　
专题13 　简单句
39．—Would you like to go fishing
—If Li Ping doesn't go，________.
A．so do I B．neither I do
C．neither do I D．neither will I
【答案】 D　
专题13 　简单句
40．Only when the work is done________
be able to go back home.
A．you have B．you will
C．will you D．have you
【解析】 C　only在句首，句子要倒装。
专题13 　简单句