中考英语语法教学课件-专题14 复合句

(共68张PPT)
专题1 　名词
专题2 　代词
专题3 　冠词
专题4 　数词
专题5 介词和介词短语
专题6 形容词和副词
专题7 连词
专题8 系动词和情态动词
专题9 动词短语及词义辨析
专题10 动词的时态和语态
专题11 非谓语动词
专题12 主谓一致
专题13 简单句（陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句）
专题14 复合句（宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句）
专题14 复合句（宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句 ）
专题14 　复合句
┃考点直击┃
中考考点
1．宾语从句的时态、语序及句中连词和代词的选用。
2．状语从句中的连词及时态。
3．定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。
专题14 　复合句
1　宾语从句
　 当一个句子在复合句中充当宾语时，该句叫宾语从句。其考点主要是宾语从句的引导词、语序及时态等。
1．宾语从句的语序
无论引导词是that, if, whether 还是特殊疑问词，宾语从句的语序必须用陈述句语序。如：
Do you know what he is doing
你知道他正在做什么吗？
专题14 　复合句
2．宾语从句的引导词
(1)由 that 引导的宾语从句
这种宾语从句一般为陈述句，that 在句中不充当任何成分，一般可省略。如：
I didn't know (that) he had come back from Shanghai.我不知道他已经从上海回来了。
专题14 　复合句
(2) 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句
if 和 whether 表示“是否”，在句中不作任何成分，通常可以互换。(从句中有 or not 时，只能用 whether)。如：
I wonder whether or not he has come back.
我想知道他是不是回来了。
专题14 　复合句
(3)由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句
疑问代词 who, what, which, whom 在从句中作主语或宾语等。疑问副词 when, where, why, how 等在从句中作状语。如：
Do you know where he lives
你知道他住哪儿吗？
专题14 　复合句
3．宾语从句的时态
(1) 主句时态是一般现在时，从句谓语动词根据具体情况使用任何一种时态。如：
He says that he'll pass the exam.
他说他会通过考试的。
He says that he came back yesterday.
他说他昨天回来的。
专题14 　复合句
(2)主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词用相应的过去时态。如：
She said that there were many books on the desk.
她说桌上有很多书。
He told me (that) he had finished his work.
他告诉我他已经完成了工作。
专题14 　复合句
(3)如果从句是客观真理，从句时态不受主句时态影响，用一般现在时。如：
The teacher told his students that the earth goes around the sun.
老师告诉学生地球围绕太阳转。
2　状语从句
　 一个句子在复合句中作状语时，该句叫状语从句。其考点是从句引导词及主从句时态一致问题。
1．时间状语从句
由when, before, after, until, as soon as, while, as, since等引导的状语从句叫时间状语从句。如：
I'll call you as soon as he comes back.
他一回来我就给你打电话。
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.
他直到做完作业才睡觉。
专题14 　复合句
2．条件状语从句
由 if (如果)引导的状语从句叫条件状语从句。如：
We'll go there by bike if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。
专题14 　复合句
3．其他状语从句及引导词
从句名称 引导句
地点状语从句 where, wherever
原因状语从句 because, as, since
目的状语从句 so that, in order that
让步状语从句 though/although, even if
比较状语从句 than, as…as, not as…as
结果状语从句 that, so that, so…that, such…that
●主句与从句时态一致问题
　 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主从复合句时态一般有三种情况：
(1)主现从现： 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：
Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。
(2)主将从现： 主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。如：I will visit my good friend when I have time.
我有时间时，我将去看望我的好友。
专题14 　复合句
(3)过去时态： 若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。如：
Mother was cooking when I got home yesterday.
昨天我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。
专题14 　复合句
3　定语从句
　 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其考点在关系词that, which, who的选用。
1．that既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。如：
The train that has just left is for Shanghai. (that 指物，作主语，不可省略)
刚刚离开的那列火车是开往上海的。
Is this the photo (that) you took last summer. (that 指物，作宾语，可省略 )这是你去年夏天照的照片吗？
专题14 　复合句
2．which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。which和 that一般可互换。如：
The computer which/that I wanted to buy was sold out.
我想买的那台电脑卖光了。
专题14 　复合句
3．who, whom指人。who在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom 在定语从句中作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who或 that代替 whom, whom 也可省略。如：
The girl who plays the piano very well is his daughter. (作主语) 那位钢琴弹得很好的女孩是他女儿。
Where is the girl (who/whom) you met last night？
你昨晚遇到的女孩在哪儿？
[注意] 当关系代词作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词在数上保持一致。
专题14 　复合句
专题14 　复合句
●当关系代词指物时，下列情况只能用 that而不能用which：
(1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
It is the largest map that I have ever seen.
它是我见过的最大的地图。
(2)当先行词被 the only, any, no, all, little, few, the very等词修饰时。如：
This is the only thing that you should care about. 这是你应该关心的唯一的事情。
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(3)当先行词为all, something, everything, none, much, no one, the one等代词时。如：
There is nothing that belongs to you in the room.
这个房间没有属于你的东西。
(4)当先行词同时含有人和物时。如：
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered at school.
我们谈到了我们还记得的学校中的人或事。
专题14 　复合句
(5)主句是以who或which引导的特殊疑问句。如：
Which of the books that you bought yesterday was written by Mo Yan
你昨天买的哪本书是莫言写的？
1． If you can't find the place, I will show
you ________．
A．what it is　　　　　 B．what it was
C．where it is D．where it was
┃考点过关 ┃
【答案】 C
专题14 　复合句
2．Our teachers always give us good
advice. We should follow ________．
A．what they say B．what they said
C．which they say D．which they said
【解析】 A　本句考查宾语从句。根据“Our teachers always give us good advice”及“we should follow”可以判断A选项正确。“what they say”指老师说的话，也就是前一句提到的good advice。 　
专题14 　复合句
3.The teachers ________ came for a visit
are foreigners.
A．who B．whom
C．whose D．which
【答案】 A　
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4． I hate travelling by air ________ you
usually have to wait for hours before the plane
takes off.
A．because B．though
C．until D．unless
【答案】 A　
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5． Kate's dad is getting old. She will go
back home to see him ________ it is convenient.
A．because B．whenever
C．although D．unless
【答案】 B　
专题14 　复合句
6．________you told me, I had heard
nothing of what happened.
A．Until　 B．Though　C．When　 D．If
【答案】 A　
专题14 　复合句
7．Lily doesn't know ________ she and her
friends can do to help the little boy ________
parents have left their hometown for making money.
A．that; whose B．how; who
C．what; who D．what; whose
【答案】 D　
专题14 　复合句
8．Please tell me ________ to improve
my English.
A．what I can do B．what can I do
C．how I can do D．how can I do
【答案】 A　
专题14 　复合句
9．I told him the news ________ he came back
yesterday.
A．until B．as soon as
C．unless D．though
【答案】 B　
专题14 　复合句
10．The new-designed car is on show. I wonder
________.
A．how much it cost
B．how much did it cost
C．how much it costs
D．how much does it cost
【答案】 C　
专题14 　复合句
宾语从句
1．—I don't know if he ________ .
—He will come if it ________ .
A．comes; won't rain B. will come; doesn't rain
C．comes; doesn't rain D. will come; won't rain
┃语法专练 ┃
【解析】 B　前一句是if 引导的宾语从句，后一句是if引导的条件状语从句，故选B。
专题14 　复合句
2．—Do you know ________？
—Yes, I do. He went by skateboarding!
A．whether Paul will go or not
B．when will Paul go to the party
C．how Paul went to the party
D．how did Paul go to the party
【答案】 C　
专题14 　复合句
3．I didn't know ________ they could pass the exam
or not.
A. that B．what
C．which D．whether
【答案】 D　
专题14 　复合句
4．—Could you tell us how long ________？
—About three days.
A. does the sports meeting last
B. the sports meeting last
C. will the sports meeting last
D. the sports meeting will last
【答案】 D　
专题14 　复合句
5．—I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know ________
it will arrive
—Usually it comes by 4：00 pm.
A．how B．where
C．when D．what
【解析】 C　由答句可以判断出前句是问邮件到达的时间，故选C。
专题14 　复合句
6．Everyone knows that the earth ________ around
the sun.
A．moves B．was moving
C．moved D．is moved
【解析】 A　“地球绕着太阳转”是自然现象，无论主句什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
专题14 　复合句
7．The woman asked the policeman
where ________．
A．the post office is B．was the post office
C．is the post office D．the post office was
【答案】 D　
专题14 　复合句
8．Do you know ________ during the coming summer
holiday
A．what will Tom do B．what did Tom do
C．what Tom will do D．what Tom did
【答案】 C　
专题14 　复合句
9． Do you know ________ I saw yesterday
It was my favorite star, Jackie!
A．whom B．when
C．where D．how
【答案】 A　
专题14 　复合句
10．The policewoman asked the little boy
________．
A．where did he live B．where he lived
C．where he lives D．where does he lives
【解析】 B　在宾语从句中，主句为一般过去时，从句需用过去的相应时态。宾语从句语序为陈述语序。 　
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11. —Could you tell me ________？
—By searching the Internet.
A．how you got the information
B．why you got the information
C．how did you get the information
D．why did you get the information
【解析】 A　by doing sth 意为“通过做某事”，对此进行提问时用特殊疑问词how。 　
专题14 　复合句
12．Please tell me________. I have some gifts for him.
A．how has Robert come
B. where Robert is
C．when will Robert leave
D. what does Robert like
【答案】 B　
专题14 　复合句
13．I wanted to know ________ last
weekend.
A．what Mary does B．what does Mary do
C．what Mary did D．what did Mary do
【答案】 C　
专题14 　复合句
14． —Excuse me, could you tell me
________？
—In the supermarket.
A．where I can buy this kind of CD player
B．where can I buy this kind of CD player
C．if I can buy this kind of CD player
D．if can I buy this kind of CD player
【解析】 A　根据答语“In the supermarket.”可知宾语从句的引导词应用疑问副词where。 　
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15． —Do you know ________？
—He is a dentist.
A．where he is from B．where is he from
C．what does his father do D．what his father is
【解析】 D　根据答语，可以判断是在“询问职业”。 　
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16．—Philip has gone to New Zealand.
—Oh, can you tell me ________？
A．when did he leave B．when he is leaving
C．when he left D．when is he leaving
【答案】 C　
专题14 　复合句
状语从句
17．We will go for a picnic if it ________
tomorrow.
A．doesn't rain B．wasn't rainy
C．won't rain D．wasn't raining
【解析】 A　if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则。　
专题14 　复合句
18．Zhou Libo is good at making people laugh. His
lively shows were ________ hot that tickets sold
out in minutes.
A．very B. too
C．such D．so
【解析】 D　so…that… 意为“如此……以至于……”，so 用来修饰形容词或副词，such也能构成这一句型，但such 用来修饰名词。 　
专题14 　复合句
19．They develop their skills ________ they can do
things better and better.
A．however B．because
C．since D．so that
【解析】 D　句意： 他们拓展他们的技能是为了能够把事情做得越来越好。后面的从句表示目的，故选D。
专题14 　复合句
20．My father came back home while I ________ TV
with my mother.
A．am watching B. was watching
C．were watching D. watched
【答案】 B　
专题14 　复合句
21．—Helen, do you know if Martin
________ to my party next week
—I think he will come if he ________ free.
A．will come; will be B．will come; is
C．come; is D．comes; will be
【解析】 B　在答语“I think he will come if he is free”中“he…”是宾语从句，而“if he is free”是条件状语从句。故选B。
专题14 　复合句
22．Mr Morgan is still energetic, ________ he is over
80 now.
A．so B．because
C．although D．when
【答案】 C　
专题14 　复合句
23．________ John was watching TV, his wife was
cooking.
A．After B．While
C．Before D．As soon as
【答案】 B　
专题14 　复合句
24．I don't like to go to Larry's home, ________ I'm
afraid of his scary dog.
A．unless B．if
C．though D．because
【答案】 D　
专题14 　复合句
25．Mike didn't go to bed ________ he finished his
homework.
A．while B．because
C．if D．until
【答案】 D　
专题14 　复合句
26．You should put the book back ________ you
found it.
A．there B．what
C．where D. if
【答案】 C　
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27．It's ________ nice weather ________ all of us
want to go to the park.
A．so; that B．too; to
C．as; as D．such; that
【答案】 D　
专题14 　复合句
28．________ the boy failed the maths exam again,
________ he didn't give up.
A．Because; so B．Because; /
C．Although; but D．Although; /
【答案】 D　
专题14 　复合句
29．I think he's been drinking，________
I'm not completely sure.
A．if B．though
C．until D．as
【答案】 B　
专题14 　复合句
30．—Your aunt often walks a dog in the
morning.
—Yeah, ________ bad weather stops her.
A．when B．unless
C．because D．since
【答案】 B　
专题14 　复合句
定语从句
31． The English-Chinese dictionary
________ my father bought for me many years
ago is still of great value.
A．whose B．when
C．who D．that
【答案】 D　
专题14 　复合句
32． —What kind of movies do you like
—I like the movies ________ are about Chinese
history.
A．who B．whom
C．whose D．which
【答案】 D　
专题14 　复合句
33．Most students like the teachers
________ understand them well.
A．which B．who
C．where D．when
【答案】 B　
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34． I still remember the college and the
teachers ________ I visited in London years ago.
A．what B．who
C．that D．which
【解析】 C　先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that。
专题14 　复合句
35． —Now many people smoke and get ill.
—So we should do something ________ can help
stop smoking.
A．what　 B．who　 C．/　 D．that
【解析】 D　先行词为不定代词something，引导词在从句中作主语，故只能用that。
专题14 　复合句
36．One of the most delicious drinks
________ I like is orange juice.
A．which B．that
C．whose D．whom
【解析】 B　先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，引导词只能用that。 　
专题14 　复合句
37．The first thing ________ my brother is going to
do this afternoon is to write a letter.
A．which B．that
C．why D．who
【答案】 B　
专题14 　复合句
38．—Look! That is the woman ________
I met yesterday.
—Oh She's my aunt.
A．what B．who
C．where D．when
【答案】 B　
专题14 　复合句