2023届高考英语高频题型专项训练题型一阅读理解（含解析）

题型一 阅读理解（1）——2023届高考英语高频题型专项训练
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Love to write Want to see your work published and win some cash along the way Then read on. The national Spark a Story writing contest is calling in all young storytellers!
Who can participate The contest is open to students in grades 9, 10, 11 or 12, or those who are being home-schooled in the United States.
Deadline and requirements.
You're able to send your short story up to October 7th.It will be judged on creativity, originality and overall quality of writing. Your story must be original works and should be no longer than 5,000 words. There is no minimum length requirements.
How can I send my short story There are three easy ways to send your short story：
*Online at http: // learn./hmhsparkamind
*Send your short story as a PDF or Microsoft word document to
*Send your short story via(通过) US Mail to: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
222 Berkeley Street Boston, MA 02116
What will I win The best stories will be published next year. Winners will receive a free copy of the book and cash price of $100.
1、Which of the following children can take part in the contest
A. Maria, grade 7, from New York.
B. Justin, grade 9, from London.
C. Catherine, grade 11, from Washington
D. C.D.Bastian, home-schooled from Paris.
2、Your story will NOT be acceptable if it is ________.
A. shorter than 5,000 words B. longer than 5,000 words
C. an original work D. sent before October 7th
3、Which of the following ways is NOT a correct way to send your story
A. Sending it online. B. Sending it by email.
C. Sending it by US Mail. D. Sending it by fax(传真).
Bark
Cover Price: $19.80 Price: $15.00($2.50 / issue (期)
You save: $4.80 (24%) Review: By Pat Kane
I absolutely love Bark magazine! I love the “smiling” pages and the tips on every issue. I am a dog lover and have saved all of my dogs from either death row or from people who were going to put them down. Everyone should have a chance to live and Bark stresses that with its articles. This magazine is a MUST HAVE for any dog lover!!
Dog Fancy
Cover Price: $54.00 Price: $14.99 ($1.25 / issue)
You save: $39.01 (72%) Review: By Berner Mom
Don't waste your money on this magazine. 60-70 percent of it are advertisements, and the articles offer little useful information. It might be suitable for children, but not adults who are serious about educating themselves about dogs.
Dog World
Cover Price: $48.88 Price: $14.99 ($1.25 / issue)
You save: $33.89 (69%) Review: By one critic
Dog World has many very interesting and thought-provoking (令人思考的) articles for people involved in dog showing, breeding(饲养), performance events, etc. However, over half of the magazine is devoted to breeder ads, which is boring. Still, as a whole, I recommend(推荐) it for the articles. Good articles, but tons of ads.
Modern Dog
Cover Price: $45.00 Price: $15.00 ($3.75 / issue)
You save: $30.00 (24%) Review: By Dinah
My new favorite magazine! Beautiful photos, smart and amusing articles, fashion, art, interviews with famous people… all with a dog focus! Cover models range from Paris Hilton and Tinkerbell to Virginia Madsen and her dogs. Thanks to Modern Dog I now know how to give a dog-friendly cocktail party and how to actually get my dog to come when she’s called. Surely worth checking out.
4、Which of the following magazines saves the most money
A. Bark B. Dog Fancy C. Dog World D. Modern Dog
5、According to the text, Modern Dog ________.
A. has lovely dog pictures on the cover B. is interesting but not helpful
C. has some photos but no articles D. has interviews with famous people
6、The purpose of the text is to introduce _________.
A. some cheap magazines
B. different magazines for different readers
C. some magazines about dogs
D. information on raising dogs
Write On is the longest-running literary journal of writing for kids in New Zealand. We celebrate the best of children's writing and provide an opportunity for publication. The magazine is published twice yearly in Winter and Summer.
New Competition for Issue 55: What Year Is It
We’ve had enough of 2020 already! So your challenge is to write a story of up to 400 words set in ANY OTHER YEAR. That could be 2019, 5 BC, or 3020! The trick will land us right in the middle of the most important part of the story!
Thanks to Scorpio Books, generosity, the prizes for the competition are as follows:
YEARS 4-6: Two winners will receive a $20 Scorpio Books voucher (代金券).
YEARS 7-8: Two winners will receive a $30 Scorpio Books voucher.
YEARS 9-10: Two winners will receive a $50 Scorpio Books voucher.
Competition Submission Guidelines, Terms and Conditions
All submissions must be made via this online form.
Please format your work in size 12, Times New Roman, black. Only .doc or .pdf files are accepted.
Please rule pictures out—let your wonderful writing create the pictures.
All entries will be judged blind, so please don't write down your name or school on your entry.
The entry fee is $5 per entry or $25 for six entries from a school.
Winning entries will come out in Issue 55, about one and a half months after the closing date of October 23.
7、What do we know about the competition
A. It is aimed at foreigners. B. It is supported by Scorpio Books.
C. It is free for all participants. D. It is held every two years.
8、What is the requirement for the competitors
A. Sending their works only as PDFs. B. Submitting their works by mail.
C. Attaching no pictures to their works. D. Including their names on their works.
9、What benefit can the winners get from the competition
A. Getting their works published in December.
B. Receiving free copies of the magazine.
C. Being awarded at least $20 in cash.
D. Having a chance to tour New Zealand.
School will be back in session by mid-August. The good news, kids and parents There’s still time to enjoy yourself. From sports to movies, here’s a selection of family-friendly activities we found, including some deals to make it easier on the wallet.
Free Golfing for Kids
Tired of your kids being in the house all summer Get them outside, physically active and possibly interested in a new sport. Kids 5 to 15 can leave their electronic devices and onto the golf course with one free bucket of range balls and free golfing with one paid adult. 7:00 am－ 6:30 pm daily through Aug. 31. Plantation Palms Golf Club, 23253 Plantation Blvd, Land O’Lakes. (813) 9967122. .
Family Movies in Historic Theatres
Families can experience a bit of Tampa Bay history as they watch movies in two renovated (翻新的) area landmarks(地标).
As part of the summer Hollywood Classic Series, Tampa Theatre invites you to 1939’s
The Wizard of Oz(Aug. 26). (You can remind the kids that Tampa Theatre is old enough to have showed The Wizard of Oz on its first run.) $10. 711 N Franklin St. , Tampa. (813)2748982. tampatheatre. org.
Together with Ruth Eckerd Hall’s 201819 Broadway Season, the historic Capitol Theatre presents movie versions of the Broadway musicals. Next up is The Lion King(Aug.11). $5. Upgrade to $9 for unlimited fountain drinks and popcorn. 3pm 405 Cleveland St., Clear water. (727) 7917400. .
Summer Series
Curtis Hixon Park has turned into a 12,000 square foot play wonderland focused on fitness and adventures. Free. Rotating (循环的) daily activities include live animals and animal education by Zoo Tampa at Lowry Park(Aug. 6), kids fitness classes by the YMCA(Aug.11),kid friendly recipes by Salt Block Catering(Aug. 7) and craft activities by the Hills borough County Library(Aug. 8). Curtis Hixon Park, 600 N Ashley Drive, Tampa.(262) 9399908. tampasdowntown. com.
10、Which number should you call if you want to go golfing
A. (262)9399908 B. (727)7917400. C. (813)2748982. D. (813)9967122.
11、What do Tampa Theatre and Capitol Theatre have in common
A. They have been rebuilt many times.
B. They were built about eighty years ago.
C. They are famous in the Tampa Bay area.
D. They have turned into a play wonderland.
12、Where can you learn something about animals
A. At the YMCA. B. At Lowry Park.
C. At Salt Block Catering. D. At the Hillsborough County Library.
Job Posting
Welcome to our school! We are excited that you are thinking about opportunities to work with us. See below for a quick glance at what the job is like and the impact you could have on the children.
Job Posting Title: Assistant to Summer School Staff
Job Type: Part- time/Full-time
Working Conditions: Elementary school campus
Weekly Scheduled Hours: Full-time 40 Part-time 20
Earliest Start Date: Immediately
Position Duration: Expected to continue until Aug 31, 2022
Salary: Part-time $ 15 hourly
Full-time $ 20 hourly
Working Hours: 9:00 a.m.— 5:00 p.m.
Responsibilities
* Watch over and care for children in 5—12 years range.
* Assist in implementing lesson plans, preparation and clean-up of materials, and watching over children both indoors and outdoors.
* Maintain a healthy and safe environment for children that obeys child licensing, health requirements and guidelines for quality care.
* Other related functions as assigned.
Application Requirements
* Resume (简历).
* High school certificate or above.
* Mailing your application form to us by Jun 10, 2022.
* Minimum of six months of experience working with children aged 5 — 12 years.
* Three professional reference letters required; at least one from a teacher.
13、What is an assistant required to do
A.Design lesson plans. B.Safeguard children.
C.Work the night shift. D.Teach academic lessons.
14、Which of following will result in disqualification
A.Preparing a personal resume. B.Having work experience.
C.Submitting one recommendation letter. D.Being an undergraduate student.
15、What’s the weekly income of a full-time assistant
A.$300. B.$400. C.$600. D.$800.
Veteran Oksana Chusovitina called time on her career on Sunday night after competing at a record eighth Olympic Games.
After failing to secure a spot in Sunday’s vault(跳马) final, the 46-year-old, representing Uzbekistan, waved to the small crowd inside Tokyo's Ariake Gymnastics Center. “We thank her for her contributions to artistic gymnastics,” the arena announcer said while athletes, officials and media workers gave Chusovitina a standing applaud as she left the sport’s biggest stage.
Born in Uzbek in 1976, Chusovitina took up gymnastics at age 7. She made her Olympic first appearance at the 1992 Barcelona Games as part of the gold medal-winning unified team from former Soviet states. When Chusovitina’s 3-year-old son suffered from leukemia(白血病) in 2002, she sold her possessions to pay for his medical treatment. She switched to German citizenship, which was pushed by the promise of a higher income and better medical care. But the medical care was much too expensive, so Chusovitina once again began competing in international competitions to raise more money for her son. Not only was her comeback successful, more importantly, so was her son’s treatment. In 2008, her son was declared cancer-free. Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her passion for gymnastics that kept her going. Just months later, Chusovitina won her first individual Olympic medal in Beijing.
Chusovitina had already finished her eighth Olympic Games in Tokyo. When her ranking of 11th was shown on the screen, Chusovitina was overcome with emotion. She said, “I have been crying with tears of happiness, because so many people have supported me for such a long time”, adding, “I’m just so grateful. 99 She told reporters, according to The Guardian, “My son is 22 years old and I want to spend time with him. I want to be a mom and wife.”
Her trophy cabinet(奖杯柜) now holds no less than two Olympic medals, eleven World Championship medals, two World Cup medals, eight Asian Games medals, four Asian Championship medals and four European Championship medals.
16、What does the underlined part “called time on” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Stopped. B. Changed. C. Boosted. D. Maintained.
17、Why did Chusovitina change to German nationality
A. To keep her son company more.
B. To get better training environment.
C. To receive better education for her son.
D. To earn more money for her son’s treatment.
18、What pushed Chusovitina to compete in Beijing Olympics
A. Gold medals. B. Family support.
C. Love for sports. D. Desire for attention.
19、What kind of person is Chusovitina
A. Honest and confident. B. Selfless and determined.
C. Humorous and intelligent. D. Emotional and easygoing.
In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never far away.
We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Mum's vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn't care much about my bedtime.
Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mum was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel (桶) of paint but couldn't really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when I made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matches and drove me home.
Mum and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Mum rescued me. I hadn't turned 5 yet.
As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school
As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder(驾雪橇者), I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didn't realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped(包裹) heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.
In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d'Alene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.
20、What can be inferred about the author's family
A. His father was a cruel man. B. His parents used to be very busy.
C. His parents didn't love him. D. His mother didn't have any jobs.
21、What happened when the author was 4
A. He learned to smoke. B. He was locked in a basement.
C. He was arrested by the police. D. He nearly caused a fire accident.
22、Which of the following is TRUE
A. Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.
B. The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.
C. Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950.
D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.
23、What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A. To look back on his childhood with adventures.
B. To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.
C. To express how much he misses Leonhard.
D. To show off his pride in making trouble.
I opened the big steel door to the school's front office. My hands were a bit sweaty, my heart was pounding in my chest, and my throat and tongue felt tense and dry. It was the first day of school. No, not for me as a student, but rather, for me as a first time reading tutor(助教) volunteering with the Experience Corps program.
I'm so proud to be part of such a worthwhile educational organization. The Experience Corps developed a research-based, statistically proven reading improvement program which consists of fun reading games. In the games, I'd play with each child and they didn't even realize that they were actually learning and improving their reading—we were having too much fun!
"Ms. R,"(as they called me), "I read my book to my dog, Sunny, and she really liked it, too." Great! That's the idea—keep on reading to others at home to increase accuracy and fluency. "Ms. R, my mom has a baby in her belly. I'm going to be a big sister and will read to him when he comes out." That one made me feel all warm and sweet, and I told the student that she would be the best big sister ever. "Ms. R, why do you have gray hair " I love the frankness of kids. I just laughed and told them it was better to have gray hair than no hair! We all giggled(傻笑) at that.
The students were tested throughout the year, and results showed that they were making progress in their reading. I hope I played at least a small part in their academic success. When I first volunteered to tutor, I was a bit anxious. I had no teaching experience, but I found out that you don't need any. All you need is the willingness to give of yourself and a desire to work one-on-one with these children who so desperately want to please you.
24、How did the author feel when first working as a reading tutor
A.Curious. B.Nervous. C.Satisfied. D.Pleased.
25、What's the main task of the author in the school
A.Helping improve the reading program.
B.Teaching students knowledge of all the subjects.
C.Playing various outdoor games with the students.
D.Offering reading guidance under the program.
26、What's the purpose of paragraph 3
A.To describe the pleasure of being a reading tutor.
B.To state how the Experience Corps program works.
C.To show how close the students are to the volunteer tutor.
D.To explain the difficulties and hardship of teaching.
27、In the author's view, what is the key to being a good reading tutor
A.Experience B.Devotion C.Knowledge. D.Diligence.
Growing up in rural Jiangsu Province, Yu Jigao showed a strong interest in fine arts at an early age and studied on his own for years. His hard work paid off later. In the early 1950s, he made his way to Nanjing Normal University, where he learned painting theories and techniques from some famous artists. It was then that Yu found his lifelong artistic zeal for gongbi. Gongbi paintings usually describe birds and flowers, symbols of beauty and joy, in an artistic way with intense color.
After graduation from the art school in 1957, Yu began his professional career at the Chinese Painting Institute of Jiangsu, He has since published a series of art collections. Since 1959, Yu has contributed a series of works to many important sites. Yu’s works have also been displayed in a range of national and international exhibitions. From 1986 to 1997, he held his exhibitions in such places as Beijing, Guangzhou and New York. Both the themes and artistic techniques have won widespread praise in the past years.
While observing traditional rules, he uses accurate lines, powerful brush movements as well as the interplay between dark and light to represent the harmony of nature. Though he adopts a realistic style, he tries to enrich his works with spiritual beauty through his brush. Yu says, “That feeling turns into the images of singing birds and elegant flowers in my paintings. Thanks to his careful observation of nature and artistic sensitivity, Yu is able to combine realistic description with artistic expression in his brushwork.
Now as deputy director of the Academy of Chinese Gongbi Painting of Flowers and Birds and a national top-level artist, Yu maintains a simple and easy-going style. In addition to artistic creation, Yu has devoted himself to promoting his painting style as the cultural heritage of China. “Art is part of my life,” Yu says. “I am proud to be a flower-bird painter. I hope to create a bright future for it through my efforts.
28、What does the underlined word “zeal” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Passion. B. Request. C. Justice. D. Fund.
29、What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Yu
A. His school life. B. His painting techniques.
C. His achievements in painting. D. His contributions to the art school.
30、Which is Yu's painting feature
A. Adopting abstract objects.
B. Excluding plants and animals.
C. Combining traditional rules with a realistic style.
D. Representing the imbalance between nature and humans.
31、What does Yu expect of his painting style
A. It will be passed oh. B. It will change over time.
C. It will look more complicated. D. It will reach the top international level.
How often do you get uncomfortable A couple of years ago I bought a shirt as part of an adoption fundraiser. The front of the shirt said, "Life begins at the end of your comfort zone." That phrase has really resonated (产生共鸣) with me and has increasingly pushed me in many areas of my life so much that I really want 2018 to be a year when I challenge my comfort zone like never before.
I believe the best things in life come from stretching ourselves and getting uncomfortable.
Take health and fitness, for example. It is so deliciously tempting (诱人的) to sit on the sofa and watch a favorite Netflix series with a favorite sweet or salty snack in hand. That is comfortable, and physically unhealthy when done repeatedly. A good heart-pounding, sweaty workout is uncomfortable in the moment, and physically and emotional strengthening when done repeatedly.
Here’s another example. My wife and I adopted a boy with Down syndrome in April 2016 to add to our family of three sons. It was a decision that we cautiously made and with some level of fear and wonder as to what would happen. While we are still very early in this lifetime journey with him and while the past nearly two years have been more challenging and harder than we certainly imagined, I have personally never felt so much peace, joy and energy. In the many sacrifices (牺牲) required to raise our wonderful son, I believe I have found so much more that would have otherwise been possible.
My goal is to stretch my comfort zone in all that I do as a husband, father, family member, and employee. We only live once and it will be done before we know it. I want to make as much difference as I can in the time that I have here before it all ends. And I really believe that begins with pushing past my comfort zone.
Perhaps you should challenge yourself to get uncomfortable and see where the adventure takes you.
32、What inspired the author to challenge his comfort zone
A. Being an adoption fundraiser. B. Some words on a shirt.
C. Being physically unhealthy. D. The coming of 2018.
33、The author holds the view that his adopted son ______.
A. makes him happy and energetic B. seldom brings trouble to his family
C. sets a good example for his other sons D. hardly affects his lifetime journey
34、What does the author probably advise readers to do
A. Treasure your comfortable zone. B. Relax yourself by watching TV.
C. Solve problems by yourself. D. Risk living an uncomfortable life.
35、How does the author mainly develop the text
A. By setting down general rules. B. By making comparisons.
C. By giving examples. D. By presenting research findings.
参考答案
1、答案：C
解析：A:Maria,七年级,来自纽约;B:Justia,九年级,来自伦敦;C:Catherine,十一年级,来自华盛顿;D:Bastian,来自巴黎,在家里上学,根据短文中提到的The contest is open to students in grades 9, 10, 11 or 12, or those who are being home-schooled in the United States. “这个比赛是针对九、十、十一和十二年级的,或那些在家学习的在美国的人。”,结合题干“下面哪一个孩子可以参加这场比赛 ”,故答案为:C。
2、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据Deadline and requirements下第三句Your story must be original works and should be no longer than 5,000 words.可知，你的故事必须是原创的,不能超过5000字。如果你的故事字数超过了5000，那就不能被接受参与比赛了。故答案为A。
3、答案：D
解析：A:在网上寄;B:通过电子邮件寄;C:通过美国邮箱寄;D:通过传真寄,根据短文中提到的There are three easy ways to send your short story: *Online at http: // learn./hmhsparkamind *Send your short story as a PDF or Microsoft word document to Sparka@ *Send your short story via U.S.“有三种方法可以来寄你的故事......”,可知没有提到通过传真发送,结合题干“下面哪一个不是正确的寄你的故事的方式 ”,故答案为:D。
4、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Bark中的You save: 4.80 (24%); Dog Fancy中的You save: 39.01 (72%); Dog World中的You save: 33.89 (69%); Modern Dog中的You save: 30.00 (66%) 可知Dog Fancy最省钱。故选B。
5、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据Modern Dog中的Beautiful photos, smart and amusing articles, fashion, art, interviews with famous people…all with a dog focus(美丽的图片,精致有趣的文章,时尚,艺术,名人采访,都是和狗狗有关的)。故选D。
6、答案：C
解析：目的意图题。根据四本书的题目Bark; Dog Fancy; Dog World; Modern Dog可知四本书均与狗有关。故选C。
7、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据New Competition for Issue 55: What Year Is It 部分中的“Thanks to Scorpio Books’ generosity” “Scorpio Books voucher (代金券)”可知，比赛的奖品是由Scorpio Books提供的，也就是说比赛受到了Scorpio Books的赞助， 故选B。
8、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Competition Submission Guidelines, Terms and Conditions部分中的“Please rule pictures out—let your wonderful writing crate the pictures”可知，参赛作品是不能带有图片的，故选C。
9、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。 根据Competition Submission Guidelines, Terms and Conditions部分中的“Winning entries will come out in Issue 55, about one and a half months after the closing date of October 23” 可知， 作品提交的截止时间的是10月23日，获胜者的作品将在大约一个半月之后出版在第55期的Write On杂志上， 故选A。
10、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据 Free Golfing for Kids-(813)9967122.(想要打高尔夫球,可以拨打电话(813)9967122进行联系。)结合选项,故选D。
11、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据 Family movies in Historic介绍部分 Families can experience a bit of Tampa Bay history as they watch movies in two renovated(翻新的) area landmarks(地标),(家庭可以在两个翻修过的地区标志性建筑中观看电影,体验一些坦帕湾的历史。)可知,这两个剧院都在坦帕湾地区很有名,结合选项,故选C。
12、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据 Summer series介绍部分 Rotating(循环的) daily activities include live animals and animal education by Zoo T am pa at Lowry park.(轮流的日常活动包括活的动物和劳里公园坦帕动物园的动物教育。)可知,在At Lowry Park可以了解到一些关于动物的事情,结合选项,故选B。
13、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Responsibilities部分中“* Watch over and care for children in 5-12 years range.(*照顾5-12岁儿童)”以及“*Maintain a healthy and safe environment for children that obeys child licensing, health requirements and guidelines for quality care.(*为儿童保持健康和安全的环境,并遵守儿童许可证、健康要求和优质护理准则)”可知,助理需要保护儿童。故选B。
14、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一部分中“*Three professional reference letters required; at least one from a teacher.(*需要三份专业推荐信;至少有一个来自老师)”可知,提交一封推荐信会导致取消资格。故选C。
15、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据“Salary: Part-time $15 hourly; Full-time $20 hourly(工资:兼职每小时15美元;全职每小时20美元)”以及“Weekly Scheduled Hours: Full-time 40 Part-time 20(每周工作时间:全职40小时,兼职20小时)”可知,全职助理的周收入是20×40=800美元。故选D。
16、答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的“After failing to secure a spot in Sunday’s vault(跳马) final, the 46-year-old, representing Uzbekistan, waved to the small crowd inside Tokyo's Ariake Gymnastics Center.”(在未能闯入周日的跳马决赛后,这位46岁的代表乌兹别克斯坦的运动员向东京阿里亚克国际 展览中心体操中心内的一小群人挥手。)可知,她的这次比赛没有成功。根据倒数第二段的“My son is 22 years old and I want to spend time with him. I want to be a mom and wife.”(我儿子 22岁了,我想和他在一起,我想做一个母亲和妻子。)可知她以后的重心会转移到家庭。此题目中的短语意为“终止”。故选A。
17、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“She switched to German citizenship, which was pushed by the promise of a higher income and better medical care.”(她转入德国国籍,这是因为她被承诺可以获得更高的收入 和更好的医疗服务。)可知,她转为德国国籍的原因是她需要更多的钱为儿子治病。故选D。
18、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Chusovitina continued to compete, but this time it was her passion for gymnastics that kept her going.”(Chusovitina继续比赛,但这一次是她对体操的热情让她坚持下去)可知,她对体育的热爱促使她参加北京奥运会。故选C。
19、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知,Chusovitina深爱她的儿子,牺牲所有为儿子治病,可见她是selfless(无私的);在事业中,尽管有失败,但她共参加了八次奥运会,可见她是determined(坚定的)。故选B。
20、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的描述“爸妈忙于工作没时间管我,于是我就自己去找一些麻烦”可推断出作者的父母当时很忙,所以答案为B项。A、C两项文中没有提及;D项与原文意思不符。
21、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的描述“我试图点燃一桶油漆,可是火没有真的着起来,倒是冒出了很多的烟,就连警察都到了现场”可知在作者4岁那年差点酿成一场火灾,所以答案为D项。A、B两项文中没有提及;而C项与原文意思不符。
22、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的描述“那个时候我不知道他到底是多大的一个超级明星,但是我分明记得他驾驶雪橇的技术很好”可知答案为A项。1950年也就是作者11岁的时候就搬离了阿拉斯加,排除B项;1950年后作者又回了那儿一次而不是经常回去,排除C项;文中没有提及那次坐雪橇给作者带来了什么伤害,排除D项。
23、答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。作者写本文是在回忆自己在阿拉斯加度过的那段充满冒险的童年时光,通过几个印象深刻的例子突出了作者对那段时光的留恋,所以答案为A项。B项:描写阿拉斯加的极端天气;C项:表达自己是多么想念Leonhard; D项:为了炫耀自己惹事带来的自豪感。这些都是其中回忆的几个细节,综合起来才是真正的写作目的。
24、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段My hands were a bit sweaty, my heart was pounding in my chest, and my throat and tongue felt tense and dry.我的手有点出汗,我的心在胸口怦怦跳,我的喉咙和舌头感到紧张和干燥。可知,作者第一次做阅读指导员的时候,是非常紧张的,故选B。
25、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段The Experience Corps developed a research-based, statistically proven reading improvement program which consists of fun reading games. In the games, I'd play with each child and they didn't even realize that they were actually learning and improving their reading—we were having too much fun!体验团开发了一个以研究为基础的,经过统计学验证的阅读改善计划,其中包括有趣的阅读游戏。在游戏中,我和每个孩子一起玩,他们甚至没有意识到他们实际上在学习和提高他们的阅读我们玩得太开心了!可知,作者在阅读程序下给读者提供阅读指导,故选D。
26、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段That one made me feel all warm and sweet, and I told the student that she would be the best big sister ever. "Ms. R, why do you have gray hair " I love the frankness of kids. I just laughed and told them it was better to have gray hair than no hair! We all giggled(傻笑) at that.那一次让我感到温暖和甜蜜,我告诉那个学生,她将是有史以来最好的大姐。“女士,你为什么有灰白的头发 ”我喜欢孩子们的坦率。我只是笑着告诉他们,有灰白的头发总比没有头发好!我们都咯咯笑了。可知,第三段主要描述了作者作为阅读指导员个人和孩子相处的快乐点滴,因此可知第三段的主要目的是描述成为一名阅读指导员的乐趣,故选A。
27、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段All you need is the willingness to give of yourself and a desire to work one-on-one with these children who so desperately want to please you.你所需要的只是愿意奉献自己,渴望与这些渴望取悦你的孩子们一对一地工作。可知,作者认为一个好的阅读指导员的必备素质是奉献,故选B。
28、答案：A
解析：词义推测题。根据上下文可知,喻继高在南京师范大学学习的时候发现了他对工笔画的艺术热情。
29、答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“(喻继高的绘画)主题和艺术手法都赢得了广泛的赞誉”可知,该段主要介绍了喻继高的绘画成就。
30、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和最后一句可知,在遵循传统画风的同时,喻继高也借鉴了现实主义画派的风格。
31、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,喻继高希望他的画风能得到传承,他一直在努力地把他的画风作为中国的文化遗产进行推广。
32、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据关键词 challenge his comfort zone 可定位至文章第一段第三、四句The front of the shirt said, "Life begins at the end of your comfort zone." That phrase has really resonated (产生共鸣) with me and has increasingly pushed me in many areas of my life so much that I really want 2018 to be a year when I challenge my comfort zone like never before.可知，作者多年前购买的一件衣服上的文字强烈地推动着作者去挑战自己的舒适区。
故正确答案为B。
33、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段第四句While we are still very early in this lifetime journey with him and while the past nearly two years have been more challenging and harder than we certainly imagined, I have personally never felt so much peace, joy and energy.可知，作者认为，他收养的儿子让他感受到了和平，喜悦和活力。故正确答案为A。
34、答案：D
解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一段Perhaps you should challenge yourself to get uncomfortable and see where the adventure takes you.可知，作者鼓励读者们挑战自己过一种自己感到不舒服的生活，然后看自己的冒险会将自己带往何处。D项，“冒险过上不舒服的生活”，符合文意。A项，“珍惜你的舒适区域”，B项，“看电视放松自己”，C项，“自己解决问题”，均不符合文意，故此三项均错误。故正确答案为D。
35、答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。本文为一篇记叙文，记叙了作者挑战自己舒适区的经历。全文采取总分总的结构，分点叙述部分以例子为内容进行切入。故作者主要以举例子的方式铺叙文章。C项，“举例子”，符合文意。A项，“通过制定一般规则”，B项，“通过作比较”，D项，“通过展示调查发现”，均不符合文意，故此三项均错误。故正确答案为C。
题型一 阅读理解（2）——2023届高考英语高频题型专项训练
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
A major emergency can create a refugee(难民) population of hundreds of thousands overnight. The most immediate way in which organizations like UNHCR and the International Red Cross can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are designed to be temporary, but they often remain in place for decades. In some parts of the world, children have grown up and had children of their own without ever leaving their camp.
Critics argue that they force refugees to be entirely dependent on donations. One journalist who visited the Nyadeou camp in southern Guinea (Africa) in 2001, described how normally peaceful people were reduced to fighting with each other when the food truck arrived.
Refugee camps can easily become dirty, overcrowded and overrun with disease or crime. In many camps, murderers and drug dealers hide themselves among the majority of innocent refugees.
One alternative for refugees is to settle in a town or a village and become part of the local population. This is known as "self-settlement". Several aid agencies argue that self-settlement is in many cases a better option than refugee camps. They say that self-settled refugees can start to rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. Oxfam, the Red Cross and many other international aid agencies support programs in which refugees are helped to self-settle.
Representatives of UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way of saving the greatest possible numbers of lives. They point out that it is much easier to help people if they are all gathered in one place. This is certainly true of emergency relief, for example the distribution of food, water, shelter and medical supplies. It is also true that long-term aid programs, such as family tracing, orphan support and, perhaps most importantly, education, can all be carried out much more easily when refugees are all living together in one place.
1、Who are responsible for the refugees' dependence on donations
A. Critics. B. Children.
C. Refugee camps. D. UNHCR and the Red Cross.
2、What advantage can self-settled refugees enjoy
A. More personal aid. B. More living space.
C. Better training programs. D. A better sense of security.
3、What benefit can gathering refugees in one place bring
A. It can help save much land.
B. It's easier for them to get schooling.
C. It can reduce the number of orphans.
D. It allows families to better help each other.
4、They are discussed in the text except__________.
A. The advantages of refugee camps. B. The disadvantages of refugee camps.
C. The advantages of self-settlement. D. The disadvantages of self-settlement.
Water is so low in large stretches of Italy's largest river that local residents are walking through the middle of the expanse of sand and an old ship is resurfacing.
In a park near the central northern village of Gualtieri, cyclists and hikers stop in curiosity to observe the Zibello, a 50-meter-long ship that transported wood during the WW II but sank in 1943. It was normally covered by the Po's waters. “It's the first time that we can see this ship,” said amateur cyclist Raffaele Vezzal. “I’ve never seen such a drought at this time of year—our main worry was our river flooding, but now we worry about its disappearance.”
The drying up of the Po, which runs 652 kilometers from the northwestern city of Turin to Venice, is jeopardizing the drinking water supply in Italy's densely populated and highly industrialized districts and threatening irrigation in the most intensively farmed part of the country, known as the Italian food valley.
Northern Italy hasn't seen rainfall for more than 110 days and this year's snowfall is down by 70%. Aquifers(含水层)，which hold groundwater，are exhausted. Temperatures of 2℃ above season average are melting the tiny snowfields and glaciers that were left on the top of the surrounding Alps, leaving the Po basin without its summer water reservoirs.
All these factors are leading to the worst drought in 70 years, according to the Po River Basin Authority(PRBA).
Meuccio Berselli, secretary-general of the Po RiverBasin Authority, is working on a plan to guarantee drinking and irrigation water to millions of households and to the Po valley farmers, who produce 40% of Italian food. The plan includes higher draining from Alpine lakes, less water for hydroelectric(水力发电的) plants and distribution of water in the upstream regions.
According to a state-owned energy service system operator, 55% of the renewable energy coming from hydroelectric plants in Italy comes from the Po and its tributaries. Experts fear that a lack of hydroelectric power will contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions(排放), as more electricity will have to be produced with natural gas.
5、What does the resurfacing of the Zibello suggest
A. The drought of the Po is serious. B. River flooding is worrying.
C. It has been recovered from damage. D. Residents are preserving it.
6、What does the underlined word “jeopardizing” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Indicating. B. Increasing. C. Endangering. D. Providing.
7、What does the text indicate about the PRBA’s plan
A. It helps to generate renewable energy.
B. It may lead to environmental problems,
C. It will cause the Po to disappear quickly
D. It deserves wide support and high praise.
8、Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.A Wartime Ship Is Resurfacing B. Italy Is Seeking Water Supplies
C. A Drought Is Threatening Farmers D. Italy's Largest River Is Drying Up
Weaving in and out of traffic, the minibuses on Cairo’s ring road seem to be racing and competing to pick up passengers. Since a ride costs as little as five Egyptian pounds ($0.32), quantity is the key. So drivers speed along the motorway, using every little gap in the traffic.
The privately run minibuses are a common scene in the capital. But locals do not exactly like them. Start with the not-all-competent drivers, who contribute to the city's terrible record on road safety. Traffic in Cairo is made worse when they stop to pick up and drop off passengers. The minibuses, which run on cheap diesel(柴油), give off poisonous gas into the air. For the government they are an embarrassment, a loud reminder of its failure to provide enough public transport. That helps explain why officials said that minibuses would be banned. Taking their place would be a new bus rapid transit (BRT) system operating in special lanes(车道). But don’t be fooled: the minibuses will still be around for a while.
Years ago, Cairo had a surprising network of trams(电车) and buses as well as a metro system. But now the trams are all gone and even officials are unsure how many buses remain. The metro has a different problem. Though it covers a limited area, it is often overpacked. Therefore, some Egyptians buy cars instead, which worsens both pollution and traffic jam.
Most other folks rely on the minibuses. Poor planning and even poorer policies are partly to blame. The government has built satellite cities around the capital, most of which are connected to Cairo via the ring road. But until recently there was little public transport between them. The minibuses, which connect the various settlements, fill the gap.
Experts think the BRT will eventually offer relief but that the ban on minibuses is premature. Experts propose waiting until more of the new public-transport system is in place. That could take a while. The first stage of the BRT was supposed to open at the end of last year. Delays in construction have pushed it back. So the minibuses are still flying down the ring road.
9、Why do people living in Cairo don’t like minibuses
A. They make the traffic worse.
B. Their drivers are too able.
C. They are the government's failure.
D. Their drivers compete to pick up passengers.
10、What does the underlined expression probably mean
A. satisfy the needs B. make it difficult
C. connect the roads D. bridge the differences
11、What might the experts mentioned in the last paragraph agree with
A. Cairo should build less satellite cities.
B. The ban on minibuses should be put off.
C. Minibuses should be encouraged and improved.
D. The BRT systems will work better than minibuses.
12、What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Traffic problems in Cairo B. The future of minibuses in Cairo
C. Why are minibuses popular in Cairo D. Should minibuses be banned in Cairo
Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy generation. Waves alone produce 32,000 terawatt-hours of natural energy per year—for reference, the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt-hours annually. And there is also the power of currents and tides(潮沙) energy.
The advantages of wave power are clear. Basically, wave energy does not emit greenhouse gases when generated, like fossil fuels do. Turbines(祸轮机) generate electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution-free, renewable energy source. And the amount of power that is produced in a wave is huge —that energy then gets captured by wave energy converters(转换器) to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electric grids. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always in motion. This makes electricity generation from wave energy a more reliable energy source compared to wind power, since wind is not constantly blowing.
But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building plants or electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging because they would be unsightly and can cause damage to marine life and the surrounding ecosystems. Local fishing zones could be affected or the plants could lead to more coastal corrosion(腐蚀). High costs is a problem too. Wave power is an emerging energy technology in the early stages of development, making working out costs difficult. Maintenance for these plants is projected to be very expensive because they will be submerged in constantly-moving saltwater. Because constant movement can lead to more breaking, wave energy plants will most likely need regular (and costly) maintenance.
Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy. For many ocean-bordering countries, wave energy could be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has huge global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technology involved so that countries and governments can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy collection.
13、What makes wave power more reliable compared to wave power
A. Being huge in amount. B. Being environmentally friendly.
C. Being almost always on the move. D. Being accessible to many countries.
14、Why is it difficult to calculate the costs of wave power plants
A. The plants are still in the initial stage.
B. The plants will ruin the neighbouring scenery.
C. It will cost much to maintain their functions.
D. The plants will cause damage to the ecosystems nearby.
15、Who is the text most probably intended for
A. Students concerned about marine life.
B. Governments attracted by wave energy.
C. Teachers focusing on coastal ecosystems.
D. Scientists interested in renewable energy.
16、What is the author's attitude toward wave energy
A. Critical. B. Reserved. C. Supportive. D. Doubtful.
You improve your robot’s software by improving its software. Agrim Gupta of Stanford University, however, begs to differ. He thinks you can also improve a robot’s software by improving its hardware. He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea.
They brought to their robots, unimals the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection. Unimals, with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs, are software beings interacting with a virtual environment. The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds, grounds with hills and steps, and ones that had the complexities of the second sort, but with added objects.
To begin with, the unimals were randomly assigned various shapes, but with identical software—derl. Newly created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual bootcamp. They were then entered into tournaments in groups. Each group winner was awarded one mutation (变异)—one extra arm or leg, or one extra turning in a joint. The new replaced the oldest unimal and then was assigned to a new group, and the process repeated. About 4,000 varieties of them underwent training.
The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved. Crucially, though, the researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their oldest ancestors had taken, and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful.
In this evolution of unimals’ morphology (形态) to promote the ability to learn, Dr Gupta sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect. In 1896 James Baldwin, a psychologist, argued that minds evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies. What Dr Gupta has shown, though in software, is that the opposite can also be true — changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work. Even though he held the software constant, it became more efficient at learning as the unimals’ bodies evolved.
Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen. But the way of testing is certainly an out-of-the-box idea.
17、How was the test conducted
A.By stimulating unimals’ mutation. B.By adjusting the environments.
C.By proving the evolution theory. D.By promoting unimals’ learning.
18、What turned out to be surprising in the test
A.The variety of evolved shapes.
B.The decline in time for learning tasks.
C.The number of trained unimals.
D.The replacement of old unimals.
19、What can be concluded from the test
A.Mind evolution affects body shaping.
B.Hardware changes do not impact software.
C.Body changes better mind work.
D.The discovery is useful in robot restaurant.
20、What’s the author’s attitude to the finding
A.Objective. B.Negative. C.Indifferent. D.Approving.
Those who are concerned that robots are taking over the world can rest easy—for now. Though the androids have proved useful at performing ordinary tasks, they are not ready for the greatest time. At least that appears to be the case at Japan’s Henn-na Hotel chain where over half of the robot staff are being replaced by humans.
The first location of the unique hotel opened in July 2015 was at Nagasaki’s Huis Ten Bosch Theme Park. The hotel’s owner, Hideo Sawada, promised the hotel to be managed primarily by robots. Guests were greeted and checked-in by a dinosaur robot, while a cute android called Churi, placed inside each room, provided information about attractions. Not surprisingly, the lodging, recognized in 2016 as the world’s first robot-staffed hotel by Guinness World Records, drew in curious visitors from all around the world.
But as the years have passed, the hotel’s main draw is becoming less novel and more unsatisfactory. Also as the robots are “aging”, they are costing more to repair. Among the 283 androids being replaced are the chain’s two dinosaur receptionists. In addition to scaring young guests, they are also unable to photocopy guests’ passports, forcing human employees to step in each time. Also out are the cute Churi robots, which annoyed guests by interrupting their conversations. For example, one guest told The Wall Street Journal that Churi mistook his snoring for a command and kept asking him to repeat his request all night.
Sawada told The Wall Street Journal, “When you actually use robots you realize there are places where they aren’t needed—or just annoy people.” While Sawada may be cutting back on his use of androids, the recently-opened Smart LYZ Hotel and the Fly Zoo Hotel in China, are run entirely by robots, with not a human in sight. Whether the employees have more competence than those “hired” by the Henn-na Hotel chain remains to be seen.
21、What makes Japan’s Henn-na Hotel unique
A. Its robot employees. B. Its advanced equipment.
C. Its convenient location. D. Its successful management.
22、What is the author’s purpose with the example in paragraph 3
A. To entertain readers.
B. To prove Churi’s drawback.
C. To introduce Churi’s functions.
D. To persuade people not to book the hotel.
23、What does the owner of Japan’s Henn-na Hotel think of his robot staff now
A. Attractive. B. Costly. C. Pioneering. D. Disappointing.
24、What is the best title for the text
A. Robots Are Taking Over the World.
B. The Boom of Robots-staffed Hotel.
C. Robot Staff Are Fired For No Competence.
D. The First Robots-staffed Hotel Won Guinness World Record.
September is upon us, which means one thing for parents and children alike: term time. Many will be excited to engage in-person, after months of remote learning. Unfortunately, this won’t apply to everyone. It’s alarming that an estimated 540,000 children will continue to stay at home, due to mental or physical health concerns directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病).For those that aren’t able to attend classes in person, maintaining some form of connection with their peers is vitally important, both to protect their educational development and to prevent them from becoming isolated(孤独)。
No Isolation, a company that specializes in understanding and reducing the impact of loneliness, has decided to take action. Throughout the summer, No Isolation worked with independent researcher, Henry Peck, to better understand the effect of lockdown on educational and emotional development in school-aged children. They collected responses from some primary and middle school students and found that about 1,320 children, or more than 75% of the surveyed, were more or less lonely during the lockdown.
There is no immediate “fix" for loneliness, but there are steps to be taken to help. Parents need to open up a dialogue around what loneliness is, and what it feels like, so as to stress that feeling lonely is completely normal and a topic that is safe to talk about. For adults, loneliness is a shame, which means that often they are not open enough about it with each other, let alone with their children. Parents need to break the taboo around loneliness by talking and encouraging children to share their emotions. They also need to learn to ask for help. Sometimes these emotions need to be talked through with family or with a professional. Now, more than ever, parents should be listening to children and helping to make sure they are heard when they feel lonely. They are facing the same pandemic, and they deserve all of the help and support they can get.
25、What may prevent many young people returning to school in the coming new term
A.The interrupted connection with their peers.
B.The continued spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
C.The benefits of remote learning they have ever received.
D.The physical and mental impact of the pandemic on them.
26、What do the numbers in Paragraph 2 imply
A.A bad effect of loneliness.
B.The large number of students in the UK.
C.A worrying common phenomenon.
D.The convincing accuracy of the survey.
27、How can parents help children understand that loneliness is normal
A.By making sure their children feel safe at home.
B.By receiving education on what loneliness actually is.
C.By talking about the nature of loneliness with their children.
D.By opening up a dialogue about their struggle with children.
28、What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.Serious consequences of loneliness.
B.Effective ways of dealing with loneliness.
C.Possible ways of breaking the taboo.
D.Great significance of social emotion sharing.
Each year, half a million people die from brain aneurysms (动脉瘤) — when a blood vessel (血管) bursts in the brain. An aneurysm is a bulge (膨胀) in a blood vessel that can burst. If that happens in the brain, it can be deadly. For survivors, physical disabilities are often severe. They may include memory problems, loss of balance, trouble speaking and even blindness. But new technologies are increasing survival rates and reducing disabilities.
Beaumont Bacon is a survivor who makes light of her experience because she is a comedian (喜剧演员) . She uses humor to make others laugh. Now she’s working on a new show. Michael Alexander is her doctor. He operated on Beaumont Bacon after her attack.
“She had bleeding in the frontal area of her brain, so right above the eyes. The part that was in the brain was about maybe the size of an egg. So, that’s a fairly large bleed.”
Ms. Bacon had a better chance at survival than most people because of Dr. Alexander. He directs the Neurovascular Center in Los Angeles. The center offers new technologies that include placing a catheter (导管) into an aneurysm, then threading wires to promote blood clots (血栓) . This technique reduces the chances of another burst blood vessel. “You don’t have to open up the skull (头盖骨) or open up the brain to do surgery. It’s all done from inside the blood vessels. So it reduces the amount of blood loss, and the recovery is much faster.”
For Beaumont Bacon’s recovery, the hospital worked to prevent problems commonly found in patients with a burst aneurysm. The problems include brain swelling that can shut down blood vessels. She spent a month in a coma (昏迷)—unable to communicate with doctors, friends and loved ones. But with a year of treatment, she recovered. Now, she is making people laugh.
29、What do you know about aneurysms
A.No technologies can treat them nowadays.
B.They may cause severe disabilities.
C.Few people die from them every year.
D.They are deadly wherever they happen.
30、The new technology has the following benefits EXCEPT that _____.
A.it is much faster for the patient to recover
B.it brings no problems after the operation
C.it reduces the amount of blood loss
D.it doesn’t need to open up the brain to operate
31、It can be known from the passage that Beaumont Bacon _____.
A.was always in an unconscious state after the operation
B.recovered soon after the treatment
C.returned to work after the treatment
D.was the first to try the new technology
32、The author shows the effect of the technology by _____.
A. providing an example B. making comparisons
C. offering data D. giving explanations
Aristotle said that “happiness depends upon ourselves” and a new study suggests it is possible to physically grow a happier brain through practices like meditation (冥想). Although scientists have known which hormones (荷尔蒙) produce emotions like pleasure or desire, it has been unclear where the feeling of overall contentment and well-being originates from.
To find out, scientists asked 51 volunteers to rate their own happiness levels and then scanned their brains. Interestingly they discovered that an area of the brain called the precuneus(楔前叶) was larger in people who were happier. It suggests that happiness can be worked like a muscle.
Previous studies have shown that regular meditation can boost grey matter in the precuneus, which could explain why those who meditate report experiencing feelings of general content. The scientists behind the finding said it will now be possible to clinically measure what things make people happier. Researchers believe that the precuneus is particularly important for subjective happiness, such as where someone chooses to make the best of a situation and see it in a more positive light.
Volunteers who scored higher on the happiness surveys had more grey matter mass in the precuneus. In other words, people who feel happiness more intensely, feel sadness less intensely and are more able to find meaning in life have a larger precuneus. “Our results suggest that psychological training that effectively increases grey matter and volume in the precuneus may enhance subjective happiness.” said Dr. Sato.
Speaking about this new research, he also said: “This does not surprise me at all. The brain is easily influenced, just like other organs. Paying attention can literally change your brain.” Prof Dolan, author of the book Happiness By Design, claims that many of the things people believe will make them happy can actually alter their lives in a negative way, “Most things we think will make us happy won’t,” he said. “We’re really always happier if we are focusing on the person we are with and the thing we are doing right now. So make that something you enjoy.”
33、What can we learn from the new study in paragraph 1
A.Aristotle’s idea is not quite right.
B.Happiness can be gained physically.
C.Well-being is from certain hormone.
D.Brains are larger in those who are happier.
34、What can we know about the precuneus
A.It is linked to one’s happiness. B.It is very important for thinking.
C.It can be gained from training quickly. D.It can be found through physical exercise.
35、What is the researchers’ attitude towards the finding
A.Worried. B.Doubtful. C.Interested. D.Optimistic.
36、According to Dr. Sato, who is likely to find more meaning in life
A.Those who meditate less. B.Those with more physical training.
C.Those with more grey matter mass. D.Those who seek more material wealth.
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
37、What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times
A.They developed very fast. B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns. D.They were closely connected.
38、Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in Paragraph 2
A.Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.
39、How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present
A.About 6,800 B.About 3,400 C.About 2,400 D.About 1,200
40、What is the main idea of the text
A.New languages will be created.
B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
参考答案
1、答案：C
解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段中的"Refugee camps are designed to be...without ever leaving their camp"可知,第二段第一句中的they代指的是上文中提到的难民营,也就是说难民营使得难民们过度依赖救助,故C项正确。
2、答案：D
解析：理解具体信息。根据第四段中的"They say that self-settled refugees...refugees in camps"一句可知,自我安置的好处是难民们比在难民营里更自由、更安全,故D项正确。
3、答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。根据最后一段中的"It is also true that...living together in one place"可知,难民们被集中安置在一个地方有助于他们接受教育,故B项正确。
4、答案：D
解析：理解具体信息。文章第一段讲述了解决难民问题最直接的方法;第二、三段讲述了难民营的弊端;第四段讲述了难民自我安置的优点;第五段讲述了难民营的优点。因此文章并未提及难民自我安置的弊端,故D项正确。
5、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一自然段“Water is so low in large stretches of Italy's largest river that local residents are walking through the middle of the expanse of sand and an old ship is resurfacing.(意大利最大河流的大部分河段水位如此之低,以至于当地居民正穿过这片广阔的沙滩,一艘旧船正在浮出水面。)”可知,济贝洛号的浮出水面表明波河的干旱非常严重。故选A。
6、答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“The drying up of the Po, which runs 652 kilometers from the northwestern city of Turin to Venice, is jeopardizing the drinking water supply in Italy's densely populated and highly industrialized districts and threatening irrigation in the most intensively farmed part of the country, known as the Italian food valley.”中的“The drying up of the Po(波河干涸)”以及“and threatening irrigation(并威胁到灌溉)”可知,划线词在词义上与“threatening”接近。A. Indicating.表明;暗示;B.Increasing.增加;C. Endangering.危害;使遭受危险;D.Providing.提供。故选C。
7、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The plan includes higher draining from Alpine lakes, less water for hydroelectric(水力发电的) plants and distribution of water in the upstream regions.(该计划包括高山湖泊排水量增加、水电站用水减少以及上游地区的水分配。)”和最后一段“Experts fear that a lack of hydroelectric power will contribute to increased carbon dioxide emissions(排放), as more electricity will have to be produced with natural gas.(专家担心,缺乏水力发电将导致二氧化碳排放增加,因为更多的电力将不得不使用天然气生产。)”可知,波河流域管理局的计划可能导致环境问题。故选B。
8、答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一自然段“Water is so low in large stretches of Italy's largest river that local residents are walking through the middle of the expanse of sand and an old ship is resurfacing.(意大利最大河流的大部分河段水位如此之低,以至于当地居民正穿过这片广阔的沙滩,一艘旧船正在浮出水面。)”以及语篇其他段落可知,本文主要讲了由于70年来最严重的干旱,意大利最大的河流波河面临干涸的困境。故选D。
9、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。第二段分析了开罗人不大喜欢小巴士的原因:司机不称职,不遵守交通 规则;靠柴油提供动力,污染空气。
10、答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据上文文意,因开罗周边城市之间缺乏有效的公共交通工具连接,所 以小巴士填补了这一需求。故选A。
11、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。从最后一段Experts propose waiting until more of the new public-transport system is in place—句中可以找到线索。
12、答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。文中通过开罗小巴士存在的历史成因以及现状探讨了小巴士是否应该被禁止。
13、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always in motion. This makes electricity generation from wave energy a more reliable energy source compared to wind power, since wind is not constantly blowing."可知。波浪能与风能相比.优势在于波浪能是持续存在的,但风能却并非全天候存在。
14、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段"Wave power is an emerging energy technology in the early stages of development, making working out costs difficult."可知，波浪能发电厂的建造成本难以预测,原因在于我们对其知之甚少,还需要进一步地研究才能让它为人类所用。
15、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"For many ocean-bordering countries"和"so that countries and governments can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy collection"可知,对波浪能感兴趣的可能有很多,但文章重点讨论的是国家和政府层面对其的利用。
16、答案：C
解析：观点态度题。从最后一段可以看出作者对波浪能的利用持乐观态度。
17、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“They brought to their robots, unimals, the principles of evolution(进化) by natural selection. Unimals, with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs, are software beings interacting with a virtual environment. The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds, grounds with hills and steps, and ones that had the complexities of the sec