外研版（2019） 必修 第一册 Unit 6 At one with natureUsing language—运用·提升语言能力PPT(共57张PPT)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019） 必修 第一册 Unit 6 At one with natureUsing language—运用·提升语言能力PPT(共57张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-14 08:40:26 | ||
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(共57张PPT)
Using language—运用·提升语言能力
课时目标
1. 进一步了解定语从句的结构和表意功能，掌握“介词＋关系代词”的用法，并在真实语境中运用。
2. 通过阅读语篇，了解并掌握描述地形地貌的词汇，能够从位置、特征等方面恰当、具体地描述地理景观。
3. 通过完成听力活动，进一步熟悉涉及人与自然关系的一般性话题，并能够恰当地运用功能表达描述不同地区的生活方式，谈论其优势和不足。
4. 思考人与自然的关系，认识到人尊重自然、合理利用与改造自然、与自然和谐相处的重要性。
语法项目——定语从句(3) “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Li Zhi has a big family in which he and his two brothers and three sisters were brought up. His parents are both farmers to whom the farming is the most important source of income. Although his family is not rich, they are living a plain but happy life from which Li Zhi has learned that true happiness lies in harmony and peace from daily life in his family.
1.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系代词的用法是当先行词指人时，关系代词用whom; 其他情况一律用which。
2.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的介词的选用和它与定语从句中的动词或先行词的常用搭配有关，有时也与句意有关。
续表
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、介词后关系代词的选择
[先感知]
①(教材P63典句)This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.
②After coming up with possible solutions, all classmates had an online meeting during which we decided on a specific plan.
③Imagine you have a friend in another part of China with whom you keep in touch by email.
[会发现]
上面句子都使用了“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，其中句①和句②的先行词都是物，根据句意，须使用“介词＋ ”引导定语从句；句③的先行词是人，根据句意，须使用“介词＋ ”引导定语从句。
[明规则]
定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。
1．直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词通常是which和whom，which指物，whom指人。此时不使用that或who引导定语从句。
2．若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who，或者省略。
which
whom
[对点练] (用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空)
①(2021·天津3月高考)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes we can learn without repeating them.
②This is the man I learned a lot in my life.
③Wang Hong, I went to the concert, enjoyed herself very much.
④Thank you for your help, we couldn't have finished the task on time.
⑤China is developing some programs the public can take part.
from which
from whom
with whom
without which
in which
二、“介词＋关系代词”中介词的选用
[先感知]
①(教材P63典句)Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value.
②This is the man to whom I referred.
③This is the subject about which we have talked a lot.
④I've read many stories of him, of which this is the most touching one.
[会发现]
上面四句中定语从句的“介词”的选用分别是“for the local people; refer to the man; about the subject; of many stories”， 这些介词主要是与定语从句的 _________或 构成某种意义上的搭配。
[明规则]
1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯，并结合句意选用介词。如：apply for “申请”； belong to“属于”；connect with “与……连接”； be proud of “以……为自豪”等。
2．根据定语从句的先行词与介词的搭配，并结合句意选用介词，如：in the room“在这个房间里”；of the inventions “在这些发明中”；from the dictionaries “从这些词典中”等。
谓语动词
先行词
[名师点津] 当定语从句中的动词短语含有不可拆分的介词时，该介词不能放在关系代词前面。常见的这类动词短语有：look at, look into, listen to, hear from, look after, break into等。如：The old woman whom I am taking care of is my grandmother. 我正在照顾的那位老人是我的外婆。take care of是动词短语，of不能放在whom的前面。
[对点练] (用适当的介词填空)
①This is the student whom I bought a book.
②I don't know the reason which the house is so dirty.
③We are in a position which we may lose a large sum of money.
④We are looking forward to the day which we will get together.
⑤I saw some trees, which the leaves were black because of disease.
for
for
in
on
of
三、关系副词与“介词＋关系代词”的转换
[先感知]
①Beijing is the place where(＝in which) he was born.
②October 1 is the day when(＝on which) he was born.
③Is this the reason why(＝for which) he refused our offer
[会发现]
上面三句中定语从句既可以用关系 引导，也可以用相应的“介词＋关系 ”引导。
[明规则]
1．关系副词where或when引导定语从句时，可以转换成“介词(in/on/at等)＋which”引导的定语从句。
2．关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能转换成“for which”引导的定语从句。
副词
代词
[对点练] (把关系副词引导的定语从句转换成“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
①The date when I joined the army was October 12, 2020.
→The date I joined the army was October 12, 2020.
②The house where Mark lived is now a library.
→The house Mark lived is now a library.
③Is that the reason why she suddenly changed her mind
→Is that the reason she suddenly changed her mind
on which
in which
for which
四、“代词/数词＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材P63典句)These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
②He has lots of hobbies, one of which is swimming.
③The old man has three sons, all of whom care about him.
[会发现]
上面三句中的定语从句都是由“ ＋of which/whom”引导的，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
代词/数词
[明规则]
“数词/代词＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句都是非限制性定语从句，先行词指物时，of后面用关系代词which； 先行词指人时，of后面用关系代词whom。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①Two girls came to see the car, (她们中没有一个) liked it.
②There are sixty students in our class in all,________________________________
(他们中的多数都来自农村)．
③The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, ________________
(它们中的80%) are sold abroad.
neither of whom
most of whom are from countryside
80% of which
用适当的“介词＋关系代词”完成短文
The film Princess Diaries tells a story of an American high school girl who woke up one day to find that her father was a king. Before she knew she was a princess, she was the most unpopular girl in school. Things changed when she knew she was a princess. She no longer had peace at the school ① _________she studied. She was frightened by those who only wanted to make a fool of her or use her.
in which
It turned out that the only people ② she could depend were those who had always stood by her in the days ③ she was unpopular. There were many moments ④ she wanted to run away from this life, but in the end she was encouraged by her father's letter and she was able to lead the life of a real princess. Princess Diaries is a really good film ⑤__ ________ one can learn a lot, isn't it
on whom
during which
at which
from which
1．In sentence (a), can we replace “in which” with “where” without changing the meaning
在句子(a)中，我们可以将“in which”替换为“where”而不改变其意思吗？
★replace v．以……替换，更换；归还；将……放回原处
[用法感知]
①The government decided to replace coal with gas to reduce air pollution.
政府决定用天然气替换煤以减少空气污染。
②Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.
老师永远不会被教室里的电脑所取代。
③Kunqu Opera has replaced pop culture as an indispensable part of his life.
昆曲取代了流行文化，成为他生活中不可或缺的一部分。
归纳点拨 (1)replace ...with/by ... 用……替换……
replace sb. as ... 替代/取代某人当……
(2)replacement n. 更换，替换
联想发散 表示“代替”的短语还有：take the place of, take one's place, in place of, in one's place, instead of等。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④She replaced her husband the local doctor.
⑤In this digital age, traditional teaching modes are being replaced technology-based ones.
⑥Technology brings us closer together and can help us in everyday life rather than replacing friends screens.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑦Please replace the books after reading.
＝Please the books after reading.
as
by
with
put
back
2．Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
将它们与下列句子进行比较并回答问题。
★compare v．比较，对比
[用法感知]
①He compared the young people to the morning sun.
他把青年人比作早晨的太阳。
②Compared with adults, children are more eager to explore the world around them.
与成年人相比，孩子们更渴望探索他们周围的世界。
③(以文化人助写作)Only by comparing ourselves with others can we know the aspects we are weak in, and we'll make efforts to improve ourselves to a higher level.
只有通过将自己与他人进行比较我们才能知道自己薄弱的方面，然后我们会努力将自己提升到一个更高的水平。
[归纳点拨]
(1) compare ...to ... 把……比作……；把……和……相比较
compare ...with/to ... 把……和……相比较
compared with/to 与……相比
(2)without/beyond compare 无与伦比 (口语)
(3)comparison n. 比较；对照
in comparison with 与……相比较
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Children are often compared flowers.
⑤Don't compare your disadvantages his advantages.
⑥The tallest buildings in Sydney are small in (compare) with those in London.
to
with/to
comparison
(2)句式升级
⑦When we're comparing ourselves with others, we tend to rarely focus on our own unique abilities, or what we already have.
→ ,we tend to rarely focus on our own unique abilities, or what we already have.(用分词短语作状语升级)
When comparing ourselves with others
3．The Longji Rice Terraces are located in it.
龙脊梯田就在那里。
★located adj.位于，坐落在
[用法感知]
①The company located its branch office in the suburbs.
该公司把它的分公司设在郊区。
②It has a population of just under a million people and is located on North Island.
它位于北岛，人口不到100万。
③The importance of the town is due to its geographical location.
这座城镇的重要性在于它的地理位置。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be located on/in/at＝lie in 位于
(2)locate vt. 位于；查找……的地点
locate ...in ... 把……设在……
(3)location n. 位置
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④The United Kingdom (locate) in northwestern Europe.
⑤The first thing he looked at was his office's (locate)．
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑥The Rocky Mountains is located in North America. _______
is located
location
lies in
4. ... the cold weather makes it difficult for us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.
……寒冷的天气使我们很难种植足够的蔬菜和水果。
[归纳点拨]
在“make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.”结构中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。可用于此结构的动词还有find, think, feel等。
①The sun gives off light and heat, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳发出光和热，这使得植物生长成为可能。
②We find it difficult to finish the work within 2 hours.
我们发现在两小时内完成这项工作很困难。
③I think it necessary to ask for her permission.
我觉得有必要寻求她的批准。
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④That I can speak English fluently _______________________________________
.
我能流利地说英语使我与外国人交流更加容易。
⑤I a new word.
我发现这个小男孩记住一个生词是容易的。
⑥I think visit your country.
我认为被邀请访问你们国家是一种莫大的荣幸。
makes it easier for me to communicate with
find it easy for the little boy to remember
foreigners
it a great honour to be invited to
教材为基——课内听力4遍过
Step 1 过词块(英汉互译)
1． 与……密切相关
2． 去打猎
3． 由雪或冰做成
4． 确定地，无疑地
5. 一方面
be closely connected to
go hunting
be made of snow or ice
for sure
on the one hand
6. 另一方面
7．the advantage to this ___________
8．in the far north of Canada _______________
9．from the nearby sea _____________
10．a lot of fish and meat _____________
on the other
这样的好处
在加拿大最北部
从附近的海里
大量的鱼和肉
Step 2 过句式(完成句子)
1．Although we live in regular houses, ____________________________________
“igloos” when we go hunting.
虽然我们住在普通的房子里，但当我们去打猎时，我们会住在被称为“冰屋”的临时住所里。
2. so that we can fight the cold.
吃大量的鱼和肉保持我们的身体强壮，这样我们就可以抵御寒冷。
3．But the downside is ________________________________________________
enough vegetables and fruit.
但不利的一面是，寒冷的天气使我们很难种植足够的蔬菜和水果。
we stay in temporary shelters called
Eating a lot of fish and meat keeps our bodies strong
that the cold weather makes it difficult for us to grow
4．The advantage to this is that it brings more money and job opportunities, .
这样做的好处是它带来了更多的钱和工作机会，但缺点是我们的环境正在被污染。
5．One thing is for sure, though: ,our traditions will remain an important part of our lives.
可是，有一件事是肯定的，不管事情如何变化，我们的传统仍将是我们生活的一个重要组成部分。
but the disadvantage is that our environment is being polluted
no matter how things change
Step 3 过关键信息[判断下列句子的正(T)误(F)]
1．The Inuits live in “igloos” when they hunt. ( )
2．The inside of the “igloos” are very cold. ( )
3．The building materials of the “igloos” are easy to find. ( )
4．The Inuits only eat fish and meat in cold winter. ( )
5．The period of “polar night” can last for about 50 days in a year. ( )
6．The life of Inuits is not always boring during the period of “polar night”. ( )
7．For the Inuits, the tourisim has both advantages and disadvantages. ( )
8. The Inuits no longer follow their traditions because the things change. ( )
T
F
T
F
F
T
T
F
Step 4 过文意理解
1．What are the “igloos” that the Inuits stay in made of
A．Stones and bricks. B．Snow or ice. C．Wood.
2．What's the main food of the Inuits
A．Fish and meat.
B．Vegetables and fruit.
C．Fish and grains.
3．How long is the period of “polar night” in the Arctic area
A．50 days. B．One year. C．Three months.
4．What's the disadvantage the tourists bring to the Inuits
A．They gain more money and job opportunities.
B．They have no enough vegetables and fruit to eat.
C．Their environment is being polluted.
答案：1～4 BACC
知能为先——必备知能一站明
语境推断法猜测生词
在英语听力考试中，虽然出现生词的可能性较小，但也有可能会遇到听不懂的单词，这时，考生不必惊慌，而应沉着冷静，迅速把听到的单词的大致发音记下来，并接着往下听。考生在听完对话或独白后，可根据记录的单词发音，并结合考试题目，综合利用分析、判断和推理等方法尝试猜测所谓的“生词”的意义，最后，选出试题的答案。这种方法实际上就是利用语境推断法猜测生词。
[典例] What crop does the woman's uncle plant
A．Beans. B．Cotton. C．Corn.
[听力原文]
W：Have you ever been to a cotton farm like this before My uncle switched over to it because he could make more money there.He used to grow corn and beans.
M：I've never actually been to a farm, so I have no idea how farmers make a living!
[分析] 在听上面的听力材料时，你会听到“switched”这个词，但你可能对这个词很陌生，不知其意思，所以你必须在听时，先把它的发音迅速记下来/sw t t/, 然后根据其他听力部分内容“make more money”和“used to grow corn and beans”，经分析，这位女士的叔叔原先种玉米和豆子，而现在种的这种作物更赚钱。据此，可推断出生词switched意为“转向”。故可推测出这位女士的叔叔种的庄稼应该是棉花。故答案为B。
训练为重——能力提升多听说
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the speakers talking about
A．A noisy night.
B．Their life in town.
C．A place of living.
2．What is the man dissatisfied with about the house in the suburb
A．Its size. B．Its location. C．Its price.
3．What can be concluded from the conversation
A．Where Joyce comes from.
B．What Joyce's hometown is like.
C．Why Joyce's hometown is boring.
4．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Environment. B．Education. C．Health.
5．What is the main idea of the conversation
A．Sports. B．A park. C．A summer holiday.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is Baja California most famous for
A．Its deserts. B．Its coasts. C．Its mountains.
7．Where is Baja California
A．In Canada.
B．In the United States.
C．In Mexico.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where is the world's oldest amusement park
A．In the US. B．In Denmark. C．In the UK.
9．What attracted visitors to the park at first
A．The local history.
B．Its entertainment.
C．Its natural spring.
10．What do we know about the park during the region of the royal family
A．It was destroyed.
B．It wasn't developed at all.
C．It wasn't open to the public.
答案：1～5 CBBAB 6～10 BCBCC
听力材料：
(Text 1)
W：①I really like living here in this flat, because it's so near the center of town.
M：That's true. But it gets really noisy at night.
(Text 2)
W：Why not buy that house in the suburb It's not too expensive and has enough rooms.
M：②But living here in town, I can walk half an hour to work. I don't want to spend an hour or more on the way.
(Text 3)
M：Tell me something about your hometown, Joyce.
W：Well, it's a really small town. ③I think it's boring. No good restaurants. No nightlife. But it has great scenery — lots of mountains and rivers, lakes and trees.
(Text 4)
M：I wonder if our children will still be able to breathe clean air, drink clean water and see a blue sky.
W：Yes. ④I think it's time that man learned to live in harmony with the earth instead of destroying it.
(Text 5)
M：⑤I always hear about Central Park. Can you tell me something about it
W：Yeah. Central Park is obviously in the middle of Manhattan. It's really big and people go and play sports or they just hang out and walk around. Cars are not allowed, and in the summer time you see a lot of bikers.
(Text 6)
W：Tony, can you tell me why Baja California is popular for vacations
M：⑥It has coasts on the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Cortez, so tourists can enjoy sea life such as dolphins, whales, and unusual fish. Its beautiful mountains and deserts are also excellent for hiking and sightseeing.
W：Can anyone own a home in Baja California
M：Yes. ⑦You don't have to be a Mexican citizen to own property here. Many vacation homes belong to people from other countries, especially Canada and the United States.
(Text 7)
W：Mark, ⑧do you know where the world's oldest amusement park is located
M: Isn't it in the United States
W：No. And it doesn't sit in the UK, either. ⑧It's called Bakken and is located in Denmark.
M：So when was it opened
W：It was opened in 1583. ⑨The first attraction was actually all-natural. The area is home to a natural spring, which was so clean that attracted many people in the early 16th century. Then more and more people came there to chat and play games. Also, lots of entertainers gave their best shows.
M：Sounds great! It seems that it was so popular.
W：Yes, but it was not always like that. ⑩During the region of the royal family, it became a closed area to the public.
M：It's a pity!
W：But, luckily, under the leadership of King Frederick V, it was developed and reopened to the public in the 18th century. That's when more performers, businessmen, and rides slowly took over.
M: Is it still open
W：Yes. It is still open today with different roller coasters, Ferris wheels, and other rides. Shall we visit it one day
M：Sounds great.
?加练新题型
听力填空(再听第7段材料两遍，补全下面信息)
Bakken amusement park：
·the world's ① amusement park, located in Denmark
·home to a natural spring, attracted many people in the early ②______ century
·a ③ area to the public during the region of the royal family
·developed and ④ to the public in the 18th century
oldest
16th
closed
reopened
二、口语交际训练
M：Your readers are interested in your childhood.What was it like
W：I grew up in a small town.① (我们的住房很差) but we always lived in very beautiful settings, so I had favorite trees and I had contact with birds. My parents were farm workers. Though we were poor for the most part, ②__________________________ (我觉得我常常很开心).
M：It would not have been expected that you'll become a literary figure. Was your mother ambitious(有雄心) with you
We lived in a very poor housing
I think I was often very happy
W：Well, my mother wasn't especially ambitious with me in the sense of going to college when I grew up. I think her greatest contribution was simply that③
(她很爱我). No matter what happened, I had my mother with me.
M：She gave you confidence.
W：Oh, she did.④ (她挣钱不多). And in spite of that, she managed to buy a typewriter for me. She just wanted me to be able to do things ⑤ (她无法做到的) even if she didn't know what they were.
she loved me very much
She earned very little money
that she couldn't do
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)
Using language—运用·提升语言能力
课时目标
1. 进一步了解定语从句的结构和表意功能，掌握“介词＋关系代词”的用法，并在真实语境中运用。
2. 通过阅读语篇，了解并掌握描述地形地貌的词汇，能够从位置、特征等方面恰当、具体地描述地理景观。
3. 通过完成听力活动，进一步熟悉涉及人与自然关系的一般性话题，并能够恰当地运用功能表达描述不同地区的生活方式，谈论其优势和不足。
4. 思考人与自然的关系，认识到人尊重自然、合理利用与改造自然、与自然和谐相处的重要性。
语法项目——定语从句(3) “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Li Zhi has a big family in which he and his two brothers and three sisters were brought up. His parents are both farmers to whom the farming is the most important source of income. Although his family is not rich, they are living a plain but happy life from which Li Zhi has learned that true happiness lies in harmony and peace from daily life in his family.
1.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系代词的用法是当先行词指人时，关系代词用whom; 其他情况一律用which。
2.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的介词的选用和它与定语从句中的动词或先行词的常用搭配有关，有时也与句意有关。
续表
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、介词后关系代词的选择
[先感知]
①(教材P63典句)This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.
②After coming up with possible solutions, all classmates had an online meeting during which we decided on a specific plan.
③Imagine you have a friend in another part of China with whom you keep in touch by email.
[会发现]
上面句子都使用了“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，其中句①和句②的先行词都是物，根据句意，须使用“介词＋ ”引导定语从句；句③的先行词是人，根据句意，须使用“介词＋ ”引导定语从句。
[明规则]
定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。
1．直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词通常是which和whom，which指物，whom指人。此时不使用that或who引导定语从句。
2．若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who，或者省略。
which
whom
[对点练] (用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空)
①(2021·天津3月高考)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes we can learn without repeating them.
②This is the man I learned a lot in my life.
③Wang Hong, I went to the concert, enjoyed herself very much.
④Thank you for your help, we couldn't have finished the task on time.
⑤China is developing some programs the public can take part.
from which
from whom
with whom
without which
in which
二、“介词＋关系代词”中介词的选用
[先感知]
①(教材P63典句)Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value.
②This is the man to whom I referred.
③This is the subject about which we have talked a lot.
④I've read many stories of him, of which this is the most touching one.
[会发现]
上面四句中定语从句的“介词”的选用分别是“for the local people; refer to the man; about the subject; of many stories”， 这些介词主要是与定语从句的 _________或 构成某种意义上的搭配。
[明规则]
1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯，并结合句意选用介词。如：apply for “申请”； belong to“属于”；connect with “与……连接”； be proud of “以……为自豪”等。
2．根据定语从句的先行词与介词的搭配，并结合句意选用介词，如：in the room“在这个房间里”；of the inventions “在这些发明中”；from the dictionaries “从这些词典中”等。
谓语动词
先行词
[名师点津] 当定语从句中的动词短语含有不可拆分的介词时，该介词不能放在关系代词前面。常见的这类动词短语有：look at, look into, listen to, hear from, look after, break into等。如：The old woman whom I am taking care of is my grandmother. 我正在照顾的那位老人是我的外婆。take care of是动词短语，of不能放在whom的前面。
[对点练] (用适当的介词填空)
①This is the student whom I bought a book.
②I don't know the reason which the house is so dirty.
③We are in a position which we may lose a large sum of money.
④We are looking forward to the day which we will get together.
⑤I saw some trees, which the leaves were black because of disease.
for
for
in
on
of
三、关系副词与“介词＋关系代词”的转换
[先感知]
①Beijing is the place where(＝in which) he was born.
②October 1 is the day when(＝on which) he was born.
③Is this the reason why(＝for which) he refused our offer
[会发现]
上面三句中定语从句既可以用关系 引导，也可以用相应的“介词＋关系 ”引导。
[明规则]
1．关系副词where或when引导定语从句时，可以转换成“介词(in/on/at等)＋which”引导的定语从句。
2．关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能转换成“for which”引导的定语从句。
副词
代词
[对点练] (把关系副词引导的定语从句转换成“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
①The date when I joined the army was October 12, 2020.
→The date I joined the army was October 12, 2020.
②The house where Mark lived is now a library.
→The house Mark lived is now a library.
③Is that the reason why she suddenly changed her mind
→Is that the reason she suddenly changed her mind
on which
in which
for which
四、“代词/数词＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材P63典句)These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
②He has lots of hobbies, one of which is swimming.
③The old man has three sons, all of whom care about him.
[会发现]
上面三句中的定语从句都是由“ ＋of which/whom”引导的，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
代词/数词
[明规则]
“数词/代词＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句都是非限制性定语从句，先行词指物时，of后面用关系代词which； 先行词指人时，of后面用关系代词whom。
[对点练] (完成句子)
①Two girls came to see the car, (她们中没有一个) liked it.
②There are sixty students in our class in all,________________________________
(他们中的多数都来自农村)．
③The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, ________________
(它们中的80%) are sold abroad.
neither of whom
most of whom are from countryside
80% of which
用适当的“介词＋关系代词”完成短文
The film Princess Diaries tells a story of an American high school girl who woke up one day to find that her father was a king. Before she knew she was a princess, she was the most unpopular girl in school. Things changed when she knew she was a princess. She no longer had peace at the school ① _________she studied. She was frightened by those who only wanted to make a fool of her or use her.
in which
It turned out that the only people ② she could depend were those who had always stood by her in the days ③ she was unpopular. There were many moments ④ she wanted to run away from this life, but in the end she was encouraged by her father's letter and she was able to lead the life of a real princess. Princess Diaries is a really good film ⑤__ ________ one can learn a lot, isn't it
on whom
during which
at which
from which
1．In sentence (a), can we replace “in which” with “where” without changing the meaning
在句子(a)中，我们可以将“in which”替换为“where”而不改变其意思吗？
★replace v．以……替换，更换；归还；将……放回原处
[用法感知]
①The government decided to replace coal with gas to reduce air pollution.
政府决定用天然气替换煤以减少空气污染。
②Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.
老师永远不会被教室里的电脑所取代。
③Kunqu Opera has replaced pop culture as an indispensable part of his life.
昆曲取代了流行文化，成为他生活中不可或缺的一部分。
归纳点拨 (1)replace ...with/by ... 用……替换……
replace sb. as ... 替代/取代某人当……
(2)replacement n. 更换，替换
联想发散 表示“代替”的短语还有：take the place of, take one's place, in place of, in one's place, instead of等。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④She replaced her husband the local doctor.
⑤In this digital age, traditional teaching modes are being replaced technology-based ones.
⑥Technology brings us closer together and can help us in everyday life rather than replacing friends screens.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑦Please replace the books after reading.
＝Please the books after reading.
as
by
with
put
back
2．Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
将它们与下列句子进行比较并回答问题。
★compare v．比较，对比
[用法感知]
①He compared the young people to the morning sun.
他把青年人比作早晨的太阳。
②Compared with adults, children are more eager to explore the world around them.
与成年人相比，孩子们更渴望探索他们周围的世界。
③(以文化人助写作)Only by comparing ourselves with others can we know the aspects we are weak in, and we'll make efforts to improve ourselves to a higher level.
只有通过将自己与他人进行比较我们才能知道自己薄弱的方面，然后我们会努力将自己提升到一个更高的水平。
[归纳点拨]
(1) compare ...to ... 把……比作……；把……和……相比较
compare ...with/to ... 把……和……相比较
compared with/to 与……相比
(2)without/beyond compare 无与伦比 (口语)
(3)comparison n. 比较；对照
in comparison with 与……相比较
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Children are often compared flowers.
⑤Don't compare your disadvantages his advantages.
⑥The tallest buildings in Sydney are small in (compare) with those in London.
to
with/to
comparison
(2)句式升级
⑦When we're comparing ourselves with others, we tend to rarely focus on our own unique abilities, or what we already have.
→ ,we tend to rarely focus on our own unique abilities, or what we already have.(用分词短语作状语升级)
When comparing ourselves with others
3．The Longji Rice Terraces are located in it.
龙脊梯田就在那里。
★located adj.位于，坐落在
[用法感知]
①The company located its branch office in the suburbs.
该公司把它的分公司设在郊区。
②It has a population of just under a million people and is located on North Island.
它位于北岛，人口不到100万。
③The importance of the town is due to its geographical location.
这座城镇的重要性在于它的地理位置。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be located on/in/at＝lie in 位于
(2)locate vt. 位于；查找……的地点
locate ...in ... 把……设在……
(3)location n. 位置
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④The United Kingdom (locate) in northwestern Europe.
⑤The first thing he looked at was his office's (locate)．
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑥The Rocky Mountains is located in North America. _______
is located
location
lies in
4. ... the cold weather makes it difficult for us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.
……寒冷的天气使我们很难种植足够的蔬菜和水果。
[归纳点拨]
在“make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.”结构中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。可用于此结构的动词还有find, think, feel等。
①The sun gives off light and heat, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳发出光和热，这使得植物生长成为可能。
②We find it difficult to finish the work within 2 hours.
我们发现在两小时内完成这项工作很困难。
③I think it necessary to ask for her permission.
我觉得有必要寻求她的批准。
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④That I can speak English fluently _______________________________________
.
我能流利地说英语使我与外国人交流更加容易。
⑤I a new word.
我发现这个小男孩记住一个生词是容易的。
⑥I think visit your country.
我认为被邀请访问你们国家是一种莫大的荣幸。
makes it easier for me to communicate with
find it easy for the little boy to remember
foreigners
it a great honour to be invited to
教材为基——课内听力4遍过
Step 1 过词块(英汉互译)
1． 与……密切相关
2． 去打猎
3． 由雪或冰做成
4． 确定地，无疑地
5. 一方面
be closely connected to
go hunting
be made of snow or ice
for sure
on the one hand
6. 另一方面
7．the advantage to this ___________
8．in the far north of Canada _______________
9．from the nearby sea _____________
10．a lot of fish and meat _____________
on the other
这样的好处
在加拿大最北部
从附近的海里
大量的鱼和肉
Step 2 过句式(完成句子)
1．Although we live in regular houses, ____________________________________
“igloos” when we go hunting.
虽然我们住在普通的房子里，但当我们去打猎时，我们会住在被称为“冰屋”的临时住所里。
2. so that we can fight the cold.
吃大量的鱼和肉保持我们的身体强壮，这样我们就可以抵御寒冷。
3．But the downside is ________________________________________________
enough vegetables and fruit.
但不利的一面是，寒冷的天气使我们很难种植足够的蔬菜和水果。
we stay in temporary shelters called
Eating a lot of fish and meat keeps our bodies strong
that the cold weather makes it difficult for us to grow
4．The advantage to this is that it brings more money and job opportunities, .
这样做的好处是它带来了更多的钱和工作机会，但缺点是我们的环境正在被污染。
5．One thing is for sure, though: ,our traditions will remain an important part of our lives.
可是，有一件事是肯定的，不管事情如何变化，我们的传统仍将是我们生活的一个重要组成部分。
but the disadvantage is that our environment is being polluted
no matter how things change
Step 3 过关键信息[判断下列句子的正(T)误(F)]
1．The Inuits live in “igloos” when they hunt. ( )
2．The inside of the “igloos” are very cold. ( )
3．The building materials of the “igloos” are easy to find. ( )
4．The Inuits only eat fish and meat in cold winter. ( )
5．The period of “polar night” can last for about 50 days in a year. ( )
6．The life of Inuits is not always boring during the period of “polar night”. ( )
7．For the Inuits, the tourisim has both advantages and disadvantages. ( )
8. The Inuits no longer follow their traditions because the things change. ( )
T
F
T
F
F
T
T
F
Step 4 过文意理解
1．What are the “igloos” that the Inuits stay in made of
A．Stones and bricks. B．Snow or ice. C．Wood.
2．What's the main food of the Inuits
A．Fish and meat.
B．Vegetables and fruit.
C．Fish and grains.
3．How long is the period of “polar night” in the Arctic area
A．50 days. B．One year. C．Three months.
4．What's the disadvantage the tourists bring to the Inuits
A．They gain more money and job opportunities.
B．They have no enough vegetables and fruit to eat.
C．Their environment is being polluted.
答案：1～4 BACC
知能为先——必备知能一站明
语境推断法猜测生词
在英语听力考试中，虽然出现生词的可能性较小，但也有可能会遇到听不懂的单词，这时，考生不必惊慌，而应沉着冷静，迅速把听到的单词的大致发音记下来，并接着往下听。考生在听完对话或独白后，可根据记录的单词发音，并结合考试题目，综合利用分析、判断和推理等方法尝试猜测所谓的“生词”的意义，最后，选出试题的答案。这种方法实际上就是利用语境推断法猜测生词。
[典例] What crop does the woman's uncle plant
A．Beans. B．Cotton. C．Corn.
[听力原文]
W：Have you ever been to a cotton farm like this before My uncle switched over to it because he could make more money there.He used to grow corn and beans.
M：I've never actually been to a farm, so I have no idea how farmers make a living!
[分析] 在听上面的听力材料时，你会听到“switched”这个词，但你可能对这个词很陌生，不知其意思，所以你必须在听时，先把它的发音迅速记下来/sw t t/, 然后根据其他听力部分内容“make more money”和“used to grow corn and beans”，经分析，这位女士的叔叔原先种玉米和豆子，而现在种的这种作物更赚钱。据此，可推断出生词switched意为“转向”。故可推测出这位女士的叔叔种的庄稼应该是棉花。故答案为B。
训练为重——能力提升多听说
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the speakers talking about
A．A noisy night.
B．Their life in town.
C．A place of living.
2．What is the man dissatisfied with about the house in the suburb
A．Its size. B．Its location. C．Its price.
3．What can be concluded from the conversation
A．Where Joyce comes from.
B．What Joyce's hometown is like.
C．Why Joyce's hometown is boring.
4．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Environment. B．Education. C．Health.
5．What is the main idea of the conversation
A．Sports. B．A park. C．A summer holiday.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is Baja California most famous for
A．Its deserts. B．Its coasts. C．Its mountains.
7．Where is Baja California
A．In Canada.
B．In the United States.
C．In Mexico.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where is the world's oldest amusement park
A．In the US. B．In Denmark. C．In the UK.
9．What attracted visitors to the park at first
A．The local history.
B．Its entertainment.
C．Its natural spring.
10．What do we know about the park during the region of the royal family
A．It was destroyed.
B．It wasn't developed at all.
C．It wasn't open to the public.
答案：1～5 CBBAB 6～10 BCBCC
听力材料：
(Text 1)
W：①I really like living here in this flat, because it's so near the center of town.
M：That's true. But it gets really noisy at night.
(Text 2)
W：Why not buy that house in the suburb It's not too expensive and has enough rooms.
M：②But living here in town, I can walk half an hour to work. I don't want to spend an hour or more on the way.
(Text 3)
M：Tell me something about your hometown, Joyce.
W：Well, it's a really small town. ③I think it's boring. No good restaurants. No nightlife. But it has great scenery — lots of mountains and rivers, lakes and trees.
(Text 4)
M：I wonder if our children will still be able to breathe clean air, drink clean water and see a blue sky.
W：Yes. ④I think it's time that man learned to live in harmony with the earth instead of destroying it.
(Text 5)
M：⑤I always hear about Central Park. Can you tell me something about it
W：Yeah. Central Park is obviously in the middle of Manhattan. It's really big and people go and play sports or they just hang out and walk around. Cars are not allowed, and in the summer time you see a lot of bikers.
(Text 6)
W：Tony, can you tell me why Baja California is popular for vacations
M：⑥It has coasts on the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Cortez, so tourists can enjoy sea life such as dolphins, whales, and unusual fish. Its beautiful mountains and deserts are also excellent for hiking and sightseeing.
W：Can anyone own a home in Baja California
M：Yes. ⑦You don't have to be a Mexican citizen to own property here. Many vacation homes belong to people from other countries, especially Canada and the United States.
(Text 7)
W：Mark, ⑧do you know where the world's oldest amusement park is located
M: Isn't it in the United States
W：No. And it doesn't sit in the UK, either. ⑧It's called Bakken and is located in Denmark.
M：So when was it opened
W：It was opened in 1583. ⑨The first attraction was actually all-natural. The area is home to a natural spring, which was so clean that attracted many people in the early 16th century. Then more and more people came there to chat and play games. Also, lots of entertainers gave their best shows.
M：Sounds great! It seems that it was so popular.
W：Yes, but it was not always like that. ⑩During the region of the royal family, it became a closed area to the public.
M：It's a pity!
W：But, luckily, under the leadership of King Frederick V, it was developed and reopened to the public in the 18th century. That's when more performers, businessmen, and rides slowly took over.
M: Is it still open
W：Yes. It is still open today with different roller coasters, Ferris wheels, and other rides. Shall we visit it one day
M：Sounds great.
?加练新题型
听力填空(再听第7段材料两遍，补全下面信息)
Bakken amusement park：
·the world's ① amusement park, located in Denmark
·home to a natural spring, attracted many people in the early ②______ century
·a ③ area to the public during the region of the royal family
·developed and ④ to the public in the 18th century
oldest
16th
closed
reopened
二、口语交际训练
M：Your readers are interested in your childhood.What was it like
W：I grew up in a small town.① (我们的住房很差) but we always lived in very beautiful settings, so I had favorite trees and I had contact with birds. My parents were farm workers. Though we were poor for the most part, ②__________________________ (我觉得我常常很开心).
M：It would not have been expected that you'll become a literary figure. Was your mother ambitious(有雄心) with you
We lived in a very poor housing
I think I was often very happy
W：Well, my mother wasn't especially ambitious with me in the sense of going to college when I grew up. I think her greatest contribution was simply that③
(她很爱我). No matter what happened, I had my mother with me.
M：She gave you confidence.
W：Oh, she did.④ (她挣钱不多). And in spite of that, she managed to buy a typewriter for me. She just wanted me to be able to do things ⑤ (她无法做到的) even if she didn't know what they were.
she loved me very much
She earned very little money
that she couldn't do
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
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