人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 FOOD AND CULTURE单元测试(有详解）
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Unit 3 FOOD AND CULTURE
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Tibetan Food
Butter Tea When making butter tea, one needs to stir the yak butter and tea until they blend well. Butter tea's aroma can easily fill one's nostrils, and it is an essential daily drink for Tibetans. Butter tea can strengthen the body, nourish the soul, coordinate dispositions, make the soul calm, and keep out the cold. It contains Tibetans' comprehension and wisdom of survival.
Tibetan Noodles The favorite wheat-based food of Tibetans is the local noodles. When a bowl of Tibetan noodles is presented, the delicate color of the vessel, the clear soup, the thick noodles and the pleasant diced beef, along with a small bowl of hot sauce make people lick their lips. No wonder someone exclaimed, after having a big meal in a Tibetan noodle restaurant, “This is not only the liveliest Tibetan meal, but also represents the vigorousness of Tibetans.”
Stone-Pot Chicken The stone-pot chicken is perhaps the most distinctive dish in Tibet. The pot is made of natural stones on the shores of Yarlung Tsangpo River. These stones are hollowed (挖) out and soaked in the water of Yarlung Tsangpo for thirty days before being used as pots. This especially delicious dish is made by putting Tibetan chicken and dozens of Chinese herbs into the pot and stewing it for several hours.
Tibetan Yogurt After tasting Tibetan yogurt, your concept of yogurt might be completely changed. The yogurt in Tibet is thick and strong, but it's very sour. Even with sugar and honey, people who taste it for the first time still wince at this sourness. However, if you begin to like this yogurt's originality, then every time you have this yogurt, it will seem like a festival treat.
21.If you want to get relaxation and keep warm, what can you take
A.The butter tea. B.The Tibetan yogurt.
C.The stone-pot chicken. D.The Tibetan noodles.
22.What is special about the stone-pot chicken
A.It can strengthen the body.
B.Its pot is delicate and colorful.
C.Its pot is made of natural stones.
D.The chicken is thick and strong.
23.What's the purpose of this passage
A.To compare some famous Tibetan food.
B.To introduce some famous Tibetan food.
C.To attract people to make Tibetan food.
D.To make comments on some famous Tibetan food.
B
While we were growing up, our mother reminded us not to put our elbows on the table, to put our napkin in our lap, and to chew with our mouth closed until one day, elegant table manners became a natural habit.
Just as we in the U.S. practice standard etiquette(礼节) for dining, so do people in countries around the world. But when we gather around a table to eat, our table manners may differ from others' manners, depending on where in the world they are.
In Chile, for example, it's a bad form to eat anything with your hands, which means even sandwiches should be sliced off with a knife and picked up with a fork. Ethiopians, however, consider it wasteful to eat with utensils (器皿), and eat everything with their hands—specifically their right hand.
In parts of Peru, Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia, diners pay respect to Pachamama, the Andean goddess of fertility and harvest, by spilling(洒出) a few drops of their drink on the ground and saying, “Para la Pachamama.” This ritual is called “cha'lla”. To make an offering, some tip their glass over, and others flick(轻弹) it with two fingers.
It's customary in Egypt to wait for someone else to refill your glass and for you to refill your neighbor's glass when needed. If a glass is less than half full, it needs refilling. If your neighbor forgets to refill your glass, you can let him know it needs to be refilled by pouring a little more drink into his glass. It's never acceptable, however, to refill your own glass.
In England,port (波尔图葡萄酒) is continuously passed to the left side of the table until it's finished. Some say this has to do with the naval (海军的) tradition—the port side of a boat is on your left if you're facing the helm(舵)—but the true reason is unclear. If the port is not passed, it's considered impolite to ask for it. Instead, a neighbor can ask the person who has it, “Do you know the Bishop of Norwich ” If they reply that they don't know him, the response is, “He's a very good chap(家伙), but he always forgets to pass the port.”
24.How do people eat in Chile
A.They seldom use utensils.
B.They prefer to use their hands.
C.They only eat sandwiches with a knife and fork.
D.They always eat with utensils.
25.In which country people practise a religious ceremony before eating their meals
A.Bolivia. B.Ethiopia.
C.Egypt. D.England.
26.What should you do if you want to have your glass refilled in Egypt
A.Pour a little drink into your glass.
B.Keep your glass half full.
C.Pour a little more drink into your neighbor's glass.
D.Show your glass to your neighbor.
27. When someone says “Do you know the Bishop of Norwich ”, what does he want you to do
A.Pass him the port. B.Watch your manners.
C.Listen to a legend. D.Drink the port.
C
If you’re planning to go on a diet,or if you suffer from serious conditions like diabetes(糖尿病),knowing exactly what and how much you’re eating is essential.In this day and age,we have calorie and nutritional calculators even on our smart phones,but they act only as guides,while Panasonic’s revolutionary new device,CaloRieco,actually analyses the food on your plate and provides accurate information about in just a few seconds.
You’ve probably used calorie calculators before,and you know that they only offer general information.For example,a calculator will tell you the average number of calories in a burger,but it can’t tell you exactly how many calories are in the burger at your favourite fast food joint.The same goes for nutrients like protein,carbohydrates (碳水化合物) or fats.This is what makes the new Panasonic CaloRieco so special;it can actually give you accurate information on exactly what is on your plate.
Once it’s done analysing the various ingredients in your meal,CaloRieco displays the number of calories,as well as the nutritional content on an LED display.According to Panasonic,the device is able to recognise the vast majority of foods,except soups and very dark dishes.
CaloRieco can also connect to your smart phone via an app,and send all the data about analysed foods to your handheld,so you can access it whenever you need.
Panasonic said that its invention is aimed at dieters and diabetes sufferers,both of which make up a sizable market.Unfortunately,you’ll have to wait a bit longer to get your hands on your very own CaloRieco,as the device presented at CEATEC is just a prototype(样品).It’s scheduled to hit the market sometime in the next few years,but the price remains a mystery.
28.What can calorie calculators you once used tell you
A.General information.
B.The calories in the burger.
C.Nutrients in protein.
D.Nutrients in fats.
29.What is CaloRieco’s weakness
A.Showing the amount of calories.
B.Listing the nutritional content.
C.Recognising most foods.
D.Identifying soaps and very dark dishes.
30.What’s Panasonic’s attitude towards the future of CaloRieco
A.Upset. B.Optimistic.
C.Unclear. D.Hopeless.
31.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A.To tell us how to have a balanced diet.
B.To show the nutrition we need every day.
C.To introduce a device on calorie calculators.
D.To encourage us to buy CaloRieco,a new device.
D
Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with ALS(渐冻症)to communicate with others from a phone.
The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone’s camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and convert them into letters, words and sentences.
For people suffering from ALS, also known as motor neurone(神经元)disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate. “Current eye tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor disabilities are expensive, not constant under sunlight, and require frequent readjustment and considerable, relatively fixed systems，” said Xiaoyi Zhang, a researcher at Microsoft who developed the technology.
“To reduce the drawbacks... we created GazeSpeak, an eye gesture communication system running on a smartphone, and is designed to be low cost, constant, portable and easy to learn. ”
The app is used by the listener by pointing their smartphone at the speaker. A chart stuck to the back of the smartphone is then used by the speaker to determine which eye movements to make for communication.
The label shows four grids(方格)of letters, which each correspond to a different eye movement. By looking up, down, left or right, the speaker selects which grids they want the letters belong to. The artificial intelligence algorithm(计算程序)is then able to predict the word or sentence they are trying to say.
Zhang’s research, Smartphone Based Gaze Gesture Communication for People with Motor Disabilities, is set to be presented at the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems in May.
32．How does the new smartphone app help people with ALS
A．By connecting its camera with sufferers’ appearance.
B．By communicating with people directly with a camera.
C．By changing eye movements into detailed written information.
D．By looking into the eyes of the sufferers.
33．What’s right about ALS
A．People’s organs can’t function at all.
B．Not all of the organs can’t function.
C．People’s organs are frozen.
D．People can still communicate without barrier.
34．What’s the underlined part mean
A．The system can’t be used in the sunlight.
B．The system can’t be put into use.
C．The system is not perfect at present.
D．The system is not available for everyone.
35．Who would be the potential users of the app
A．Those who have physical disease.
B．People who can’t move at all.
C．Those who can’t communicate normally at all.
D．Those who has motor neurone disease.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make Chinese Hot Pot
In China, eating hot pot is very common. People gather around a pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings(调味品) and enjoying each other's company. 36 .
Firstly, prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables.
Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices. 37 . Choose any ingredient that you enjoy. Some common choices for Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot by using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. 38 . Mushrooms of all kinds are also common to Chinese hot pot preparations.
39 . At home, a single hot pot meal would work well up to 8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. 40 !
A.Finally, arrange the seating reasonably
B.Now comes the turn to enjoy your hot pot
C.It will guarantee that the items are cooked quickly and fully
D.Here are some easy steps to make Chinese hot pot at home
E.For more variety, consider dumplings and rice cakes
F.Popular choices include: cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and bean curd
G.It usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“A bird with a broken wing will never fly as high.” I’m sure that John would agree with this saying,____41____ he felt this way almost every day in school.
By high school, John was the most famous ____42____ in his town. He was always absent, didn’t answer questions and got into ____43____. He had failed almost every exam by the time he entered his senior year, yet was passed on each year to a higher grade level. Teachers didn’t want to ____44____ him again the following year. John was moving on, but definitely not moving ___45____
I met John for the first time at a weekend leadership training program since John was one of 405 students who ____46____. At the start of the training, John was just standing ____47____ the circle of students, against the back wall. He didn’t ____48____ join the discussion groups. But slowly, the interactive games ___49____ him in.
The ice really melted when the groups started building a list of ____50____ and negative things that had occurred at school that year. John____51____ some constructive ideas on those situations. The other students in John’s group ____52____his comments. All of a sudden John felt like a___53____ of the group, and before long he was ____54____ like a leader. By the end of the training, he had ____55____ the Homeless Project team. The other students on the team were ____56____ with his passionate concern and ideas. They ____57____ elected John co-chairman of the team.
John started ____58____ at school every day and answered questions from teachers for the first time. He led a second project, ____59____ 300 blankets and 1,000 pairs of shoes for the homeless shelter from house to house.
A bird with a broken wing only needs ___60____. Once healed (治愈), it can fly higher than the rest.
41．A．if B．until C．as D．though
42．A．Storyteller B.troublemaker C．dream-seeker D．peace-lover
43．A．fights B．debt C．difficulties D．work
44．A．love B．pet C．have D．follow
45．A．in B．up C．away D．back
46．A．signed upB．ran away C．fell down D．went by
47．A．around B．onto C．among D．outside
48．A．hurriedly B．easily C．readily D．warmly
49．A．drew B．led C．sent D．put
50．A．useless B．meaningful C．strange D．positive
51．A．changed B．expressed C．reserved D．noticed
52．A．refused B．ignored C．welcomed D．gathered
53．A．founder B．heart C．audience D．part
54．A．dressed B．treated C．born D．shaped
55．A．joined B．saved C．remembered D．left
56．A．Impressed B．patient C．disappointed D．familiar
57．A．still B．again C．hardly D．even
58．A．showing upB．dropping out C．going down D.walking around
59．A．buying B．collecting C．donating D．making
60．A．raising B．feeding C．mending D．replacing
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact 61 these huge creatures were being held by only a thin rope tied to their front leg. No chains, no 62 (cage). It was obvious that the elephants could, at any time, break away from their bonds. But for some reason, they did not.
He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these elephants just stood there and made no attempt 63 (get) away. “Well,” the trainer said, “when they are very young and much 64 (small), we use the same size rope to tie them, and at that age, it's enough to hold them. As they grow up, they 65 (condition) to believe they cannot break away. They believe the rope can still hold them, 66 they never try to break free.”
The man was amazed. These elephants could at any time break free from their bonds but because they 67 (believe) they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were.
Like the elephants, how many of us go through life 68 (hang)onto the belief that we cannot do something, 69 (simple) because we failed in it once before
70 (fail) is part of learning. We should never give up the struggle in life.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My son and I drove from Pennsylvania to Seattle in late November. Approached Rawlins, Wyoming, in Thanksgiving Day, we pulled off to eat. Only place was still open. We were greeted and seated quickly, but the waitress told us the food would be out shortly. Without ever seeing a menu, we are soon served a full Thanksgiving dinner with all the food what was left. When we asked for their check, the owner said that every year the restaurant provides a freely Thanksgiving dinner to give back to the community. He wouldn’t to accept money even from travelers like us just passing through. We left in 14-degrees weather with snow blowing sideways, full of gratitude.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
略
Unit 3 FOOD AND CULTURE单元测试
答案详解
A
21.A 细节理解题。根据题干中的get relaxation and keep warm,可知对应的原文是Butter Tea中的Butter tea can strengthen the body, nourish the soul, coordinate dispositions, make the soul calm, and keep out the cold.由此可知,如果想放松和保暖,你应该喝酥油茶。故选A。
22.C 细节理解题。根据题干中的the stone-pot chicken,可知对应原文Stone-Pot Chicken中的The pot is made of natural stones on the shores of Yarlung Tsangpo River.由此可知,石锅鸡的特别之处是它的锅是由天然的石头做成的。故选C。
23.B 主旨大意题。本题可用排除法,文章不存在对比,也没有对每道食物进行评价,也没有出现吸引读者去做这些食物的语句,只是客观地介绍了西藏的一些特色食物。故选B。
B
24.D 细节理解题。从文章第三段可知,在智利,人们认为用手吃东西是不礼貌的,因此他们总是用器皿来吃饭。故选D。
25.A 细节理解题。从文章第四段中的In parts of Peru, Argentina, Chile,and Bolivia可知,在这些地方,人们在吃饭前经常要做一个宗教仪式。故选A。
26.C 细节理解题。从文章第五段可知,在埃及,你不能自己把杯子斟满,要等邻座给你斟满杯子,如果他没注意你的杯子不满,你可以向他的杯子里多倒一些饮料来让他知道。故选C。
27.A 推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知,在英国,当你需要波尔图葡萄酒被传递时,你不能直接要,而要问“你知道诺里奇的主教吗 ”, 故选A。
C
28.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You’ve probably used calorie calculators before,and you know that they only offer general information.”可知,A项正确。
29.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the device is able to recognise the vast majority of foods,except soups and very dark dishes”可知,D项正确。
30.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Panasonic said that its invention is aimed at dieters and diabetes sufferers,both of which make up a sizable market.”可知,选B项。
31.C 主旨大意题。第一段提到“Panasonic’s revolutionary new device,CaloRieco”,之后文章就此展开,由此可知,C项最能概括作者的写作目的。
D
32．C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone’s camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and convert them into letters, words and sentences. ”可知，微软研发的这款手机应用程序可以实时识别人们眼球运动，把它们转化为详细的书面信息。
33．B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句 “For people suffering from ALS, also known as motor neurone disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate(患有ALS的人，眼球运动可能是他们沟通的唯一的方式)．”可知，并非所有的器官失去了功能，A项太绝对了，C项说人的器官冻僵，不正确；D项这些人交流无障碍更是错误的。只有B项说并非所有的器官没有功能是正确的。ALS, 即Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis的缩写，肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症，又叫渐冻症。
34．D 猜测词义题。根据画线部分上句 “Current eye tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor disabilities are expensive(目前针对ALS或其他运动障碍患者的眼睛跟踪输入系统价格昂贵)……” 可知，“not constant under sunlight”指的是这个系统的费用很贵，不是每个人都能用的。
35．D 推理判断题。根据第一段 “Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with ALS to communicate with others from a phone. ”和第三段 “For people suffering from ALS, also known as motor neurone disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate. ”可知，这种app是为患有ALS(渐冻症)的人，即患有运动神经元病的人(Those who has motor neurone disease. )用的。
36.D 根据该空位置并结合本文标题“How to Make Chinese Hot Pot”可知,设空处承上启下,引起下文对如何做火锅的叙述,故D项符合语境。
37.C 根据前一句中的“cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices”可知,要将各种肉和鱼切成薄片,据此可以判断,这样能保证食物很快、很充分地煮熟,故C项正确。
38.F 根据前一句“Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables.”可知,同时要选择、清洗并准备一些蔬菜,据此可以判断,设空处列举受欢迎的用于制作火锅的蔬菜,故F项正确。
39.A 根据设空处所在位置可知,设空处为该段主题句;根据第二、三段第一句中的 “Firstly”、“Then”并结合本段内容可知,本段介绍做火锅的最后一步:合理安排好座位,故A项正确。
40.B 根据设空处所在的位置并结合语境可知,在火锅的各种准备工作完毕后,就可以开始享受了,故B项正确。
完形填空：
41．C 42．B 43．A 44．C 45．B 46．A 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．D 51．B 52．C 53．D 54．B 55．A 56．A 57．D 58．A 59．B 60．C
41．考查连词词义辨析。句意：断了翅膀的鸟永远不会飞得那么高。我相信John会同意这句话，因为他在学校里几乎每天都有这种感觉。A. if如果；B. until直到……为止；C. as由于……；D. though尽管。由句意可知，“I’m sure that John would agree with this saying(我相信John会同意这句话)”与“he felt this way almost every day in school(因为他在学校里几乎每天都有这种感觉)”存在因果关系，因而用as引导原因状语从句。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校，John是镇上最有名的麻烦制造者。A. storyteller说故事的人；B. troublemaker麻烦制造者；捣乱者；C. dream-seeker追梦人；D. peace-lover爱和平的人。根据后文可知，John缺课、回答不出问题、考试不及格，可见他总是惹麻烦。故选B。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他总是上课缺席，不回答问题，还打架。A. fights打架；B. debt债务；C. difficulties困难；D. work工作。根据上文John总是惹麻烦可知，此处“打架”符合句意。故选A。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师们都不想在下一年再要他了。A. love爱；B. pet爱抚；C. have让，有；D. follow跟随。根据前文“He had failed almost every exam by the time he entered his senior year, yet was passed on each year to a higher grade level.(进入高中以来，他几乎每次考试都不及格，但每年都能进入下一年级)”可知，老师们都不想把John留在自己的年级。故选C。
45．考查介词词义辨析。句意：John是在继续前进，但绝对没有上升。A. in在里面；B. up向上；C. away走开；D. back回来。move up表示“提升”，符合句意。故选B。
46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我第一次见到John是在一个周末的领导培训项目中，因为John是405名报名参加的学生之一。A. signed up报名；登记；B. ran away逃跑；跑开；C. fell down 倒下；D. went by时间逝去。根据句意可知，John报名参加了培训项目。故选A。
47．考查介词词义辨析。句意：约翰只是站在一圈学生的外面，背靠着后面的墙。A. around在……周围；B. onto在……之上；C. among在……当中；D. outside在……外面。根据“the circle of students, against the back wall.”可知，他站在一圈学生的外面。故选D。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他不愿意加入讨论组。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. easily容易地；C. readily乐意地；D. warmly热情地。根据前文他站在一圈学生的外面可知，他不愿意和学生们在一起讨论。故选C。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，慢慢地，互动游戏把他吸引了进来。A. drew牵引；吸引；B. led领导；指向；C. sent寄；D. put放。根据下文的But可知，互动游戏把他吸引了进来。draw in表示“引诱；吸引”。故选A。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当小组开始列出当年在学校发生的积极和消极的事情时，冰真的融化了。A. useless无用的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. strange奇怪的；D. positive积极的，肯定的。根据提示词“negative”可知，“positive”符合句意。故选D。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：John对这些情况表达了一些建设性的想法。A. changed改变；B. expressed表达；C. reserved保留；D. noticed注意到。根据some constructive ideas可知，这里指“表达”想法。故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：John小组的其他学生对他的评论表示欢迎。A. refused拒绝；B. ignored忽视；C. welcomed欢迎；乐于接受；D. gathered聚集。根据下文like a leader可知，这里是说组员们对他的观点表示认同。故选C。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，John觉得自己像小组里的一部分了。A. founder创始人；B. heart心脏；C. audience观众；D. part部分。根据前文小组其他成员认可他的评论可知，这让John觉得自己是组里的一个成员了。故选D。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久他就被当作一个领导者对待。A. dressed给……穿衣；B. treated对待，治疗；C. born出世；D. shaped成形。根据前文组员认可他的观点可推知，组员们把他当作团队领导。故选B。
55．考查动词词义辨析，句意：培训结束时，他加入了无家可归者项目小组。A. joined加入；B. saved拯救；C. remembered记住；D. left留下。根据the Homeless Project team可知，“joined加入”符合句意。故选A。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：团队中的其他学生对他的热情关怀和想法印象深刻。A. impressed印象深刻的；B. patient耐心的；C. disappointed失望的；D. familiar熟悉的。be impressed with表示“对……印象深刻”，符合句意。故选A。
57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至还选举John为团队联合主席。A. still仍然；B. again又，再；C. hardly几乎不；D. even甚至。根据句意可知，此处表示递进。故选D。
58．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他每天开始在学校出现，并回答老师的问题。A. showing up露面；出现；B. dropping out退出；退学；C. going down减少；下降；D. walking around四处走动。根据与第二段中“He was always absent”的对比可知，他每天都去上学。故选A。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他领导了第二个项目，为无家可归者挨家挨户筹集了300条毯子和1000双鞋子。A. buying买；B. collecting收集；C. donating捐赠；D. making制造。根据“from house to house”可知，此处应该是挨家挨户去“收集”。故选B。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一只折断了翅膀的鸟只需要痊愈。一旦愈合，它就会飞得比其他的都高。A. raising升起；B. feeding喂养；C. mending痊愈；D. replacing替代。根据后文的提示词“healed”可知，此处指“痊愈”。故选C。
61.that 考查同位语从句。设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明fact的具体内容,that不作句子成分,不可以省略。
62.cages 考查名词复数。句意:没有链子,(也)没有笼子。根据前面的chains可知此处用复数。
63.to get 考查非谓语动词。句意:他看到附近有一位驯兽师,就问为什么这些大象只是站在那里,不试着逃脱。make no attempt to do sth.不尝试做某事。
64.smaller 考查形容词的比较级。此处表示与现在相比“更小”的时候,且前有much修饰,故用形容词的比较级。
65.are conditioned 考查固定用法。句意:随着它们长大,它们已经习惯了相信它们不能逃脱。be conditioned to习惯于。
66.so 考查连词。设空处前后为因果关系,所以用so。
67.believed 考查动词的时态。根据前边的could和宾语从句的时态可知用一般过去时。
68.hanging 考查非谓语动词。hang和主语之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词短语作状语。
69.simply 考查副词。此处应用副词作状语。
70.Failure 考查名词。句意:失败是学习的一部分。此处为名词作主语。
改错
1. Approached→Approaching 2. in→on 3. 在place前加a或one 4. but→and
5. are→were 6. what→that 7. their→our 8. freely→free 9. 去掉to 10. 14-degrees→14-degree
【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：感恩节那天，我们驶近怀俄明州的罗林斯，停船准备吃饭。分析可知，非谓语动词approach和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语。故将Approached改为Approaching。
2.考查介词。句意：感恩节那天，我们驶近怀俄明州的罗林斯，停船准备吃饭。具体到某日，应用介词on。故将in改为on。
3.考查冠词、名词的限定。句意：只有一个地方还开着。此处单数可数名词place是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，因发音以辅音开头，故用a；也可以在单数可数名词place前加数词one，表示“一个”，强调数目。故在place前加a或one。
4.考查连词。句意：我们受到了欢迎，很快就坐了下来，并且服务员告诉我们食物很快就会出来。后文“the waitress told us the food would be out shortly”和前文“We were greeted and seated quickly”之间是并列关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5.考查时态。句意：没有看到菜单，我们很快就得到了一顿完整的感恩节晚餐，所有的食物都是剩下的。根据句意及前文told和后文asked可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。故将are改为were。
6.考查定语从句。句意：没有看到菜单，我们很快就得到了一顿完整的感恩节晚餐，所有的食物都是剩下的。分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为all the food(含不定代词)，用关系代词that引导从句，在从句中作主语，指代事物。故将what改为that。
7.考查代词。句意：当我们要账单时，店主说每年餐厅都会提供一次免费的感恩节晚餐来回馈社区。根据句意和前文主语we可知，此处应用和we对应的形容词性物主代词，表示“我们的账单”。故将their改为our。
8.考查形容词。句意：当我们要账单时，店主说每年餐厅都会提供一次免费的感恩节晚餐来回馈社区。修饰名词短语Thanksgiving dinner应用形容词，表示“免费的晚餐”。故将freely改为free。
9.考查动词。句意：即使是像我们这样的过客，他也不会收钱。情态动词wouldn’t应和动词原形一起构成复合谓语。故去掉to。
10. 考查构词法，名词的数。句意：我们怀着感激之情，在零下14度的风雪中离开了。数词+连字符+单数名词构成合成词，用作定语，修饰名词。故将14-degrees改为14-degree。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Tibetan Food
Butter Tea When making butter tea, one needs to stir the yak butter and tea until they blend well. Butter tea's aroma can easily fill one's nostrils, and it is an essential daily drink for Tibetans. Butter tea can strengthen the body, nourish the soul, coordinate dispositions, make the soul calm, and keep out the cold. It contains Tibetans' comprehension and wisdom of survival.
Tibetan Noodles The favorite wheat-based food of Tibetans is the local noodles. When a bowl of Tibetan noodles is presented, the delicate color of the vessel, the clear soup, the thick noodles and the pleasant diced beef, along with a small bowl of hot sauce make people lick their lips. No wonder someone exclaimed, after having a big meal in a Tibetan noodle restaurant, “This is not only the liveliest Tibetan meal, but also represents the vigorousness of Tibetans.”
Stone-Pot Chicken The stone-pot chicken is perhaps the most distinctive dish in Tibet. The pot is made of natural stones on the shores of Yarlung Tsangpo River. These stones are hollowed (挖) out and soaked in the water of Yarlung Tsangpo for thirty days before being used as pots. This especially delicious dish is made by putting Tibetan chicken and dozens of Chinese herbs into the pot and stewing it for several hours.
Tibetan Yogurt After tasting Tibetan yogurt, your concept of yogurt might be completely changed. The yogurt in Tibet is thick and strong, but it's very sour. Even with sugar and honey, people who taste it for the first time still wince at this sourness. However, if you begin to like this yogurt's originality, then every time you have this yogurt, it will seem like a festival treat.
21.If you want to get relaxation and keep warm, what can you take
A.The butter tea. B.The Tibetan yogurt.
C.The stone-pot chicken. D.The Tibetan noodles.
22.What is special about the stone-pot chicken
A.It can strengthen the body.
B.Its pot is delicate and colorful.
C.Its pot is made of natural stones.
D.The chicken is thick and strong.
23.What's the purpose of this passage
A.To compare some famous Tibetan food.
B.To introduce some famous Tibetan food.
C.To attract people to make Tibetan food.
D.To make comments on some famous Tibetan food.
B
While we were growing up, our mother reminded us not to put our elbows on the table, to put our napkin in our lap, and to chew with our mouth closed until one day, elegant table manners became a natural habit.
Just as we in the U.S. practice standard etiquette(礼节) for dining, so do people in countries around the world. But when we gather around a table to eat, our table manners may differ from others' manners, depending on where in the world they are.
In Chile, for example, it's a bad form to eat anything with your hands, which means even sandwiches should be sliced off with a knife and picked up with a fork. Ethiopians, however, consider it wasteful to eat with utensils (器皿), and eat everything with their hands—specifically their right hand.
In parts of Peru, Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia, diners pay respect to Pachamama, the Andean goddess of fertility and harvest, by spilling(洒出) a few drops of their drink on the ground and saying, “Para la Pachamama.” This ritual is called “cha'lla”. To make an offering, some tip their glass over, and others flick(轻弹) it with two fingers.
It's customary in Egypt to wait for someone else to refill your glass and for you to refill your neighbor's glass when needed. If a glass is less than half full, it needs refilling. If your neighbor forgets to refill your glass, you can let him know it needs to be refilled by pouring a little more drink into his glass. It's never acceptable, however, to refill your own glass.
In England,port (波尔图葡萄酒) is continuously passed to the left side of the table until it's finished. Some say this has to do with the naval (海军的) tradition—the port side of a boat is on your left if you're facing the helm(舵)—but the true reason is unclear. If the port is not passed, it's considered impolite to ask for it. Instead, a neighbor can ask the person who has it, “Do you know the Bishop of Norwich ” If they reply that they don't know him, the response is, “He's a very good chap(家伙), but he always forgets to pass the port.”
24.How do people eat in Chile
A.They seldom use utensils.
B.They prefer to use their hands.
C.They only eat sandwiches with a knife and fork.
D.They always eat with utensils.
25.In which country people practise a religious ceremony before eating their meals
A.Bolivia. B.Ethiopia.
C.Egypt. D.England.
26.What should you do if you want to have your glass refilled in Egypt
A.Pour a little drink into your glass.
B.Keep your glass half full.
C.Pour a little more drink into your neighbor's glass.
D.Show your glass to your neighbor.
27. When someone says “Do you know the Bishop of Norwich ”, what does he want you to do
A.Pass him the port. B.Watch your manners.
C.Listen to a legend. D.Drink the port.
C
If you’re planning to go on a diet,or if you suffer from serious conditions like diabetes(糖尿病),knowing exactly what and how much you’re eating is essential.In this day and age,we have calorie and nutritional calculators even on our smart phones,but they act only as guides,while Panasonic’s revolutionary new device,CaloRieco,actually analyses the food on your plate and provides accurate information about in just a few seconds.
You’ve probably used calorie calculators before,and you know that they only offer general information.For example,a calculator will tell you the average number of calories in a burger,but it can’t tell you exactly how many calories are in the burger at your favourite fast food joint.The same goes for nutrients like protein,carbohydrates (碳水化合物) or fats.This is what makes the new Panasonic CaloRieco so special;it can actually give you accurate information on exactly what is on your plate.
Once it’s done analysing the various ingredients in your meal,CaloRieco displays the number of calories,as well as the nutritional content on an LED display.According to Panasonic,the device is able to recognise the vast majority of foods,except soups and very dark dishes.
CaloRieco can also connect to your smart phone via an app,and send all the data about analysed foods to your handheld,so you can access it whenever you need.
Panasonic said that its invention is aimed at dieters and diabetes sufferers,both of which make up a sizable market.Unfortunately,you’ll have to wait a bit longer to get your hands on your very own CaloRieco,as the device presented at CEATEC is just a prototype(样品).It’s scheduled to hit the market sometime in the next few years,but the price remains a mystery.
28.What can calorie calculators you once used tell you
A.General information.
B.The calories in the burger.
C.Nutrients in protein.
D.Nutrients in fats.
29.What is CaloRieco’s weakness
A.Showing the amount of calories.
B.Listing the nutritional content.
C.Recognising most foods.
D.Identifying soaps and very dark dishes.
30.What’s Panasonic’s attitude towards the future of CaloRieco
A.Upset. B.Optimistic.
C.Unclear. D.Hopeless.
31.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A.To tell us how to have a balanced diet.
B.To show the nutrition we need every day.
C.To introduce a device on calorie calculators.
D.To encourage us to buy CaloRieco,a new device.
D
Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with ALS(渐冻症)to communicate with others from a phone.
The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone’s camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and convert them into letters, words and sentences.
For people suffering from ALS, also known as motor neurone(神经元)disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate. “Current eye tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor disabilities are expensive, not constant under sunlight, and require frequent readjustment and considerable, relatively fixed systems，” said Xiaoyi Zhang, a researcher at Microsoft who developed the technology.
“To reduce the drawbacks... we created GazeSpeak, an eye gesture communication system running on a smartphone, and is designed to be low cost, constant, portable and easy to learn. ”
The app is used by the listener by pointing their smartphone at the speaker. A chart stuck to the back of the smartphone is then used by the speaker to determine which eye movements to make for communication.
The label shows four grids(方格)of letters, which each correspond to a different eye movement. By looking up, down, left or right, the speaker selects which grids they want the letters belong to. The artificial intelligence algorithm(计算程序)is then able to predict the word or sentence they are trying to say.
Zhang’s research, Smartphone Based Gaze Gesture Communication for People with Motor Disabilities, is set to be presented at the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems in May.
32．How does the new smartphone app help people with ALS
A．By connecting its camera with sufferers’ appearance.
B．By communicating with people directly with a camera.
C．By changing eye movements into detailed written information.
D．By looking into the eyes of the sufferers.
33．What’s right about ALS
A．People’s organs can’t function at all.
B．Not all of the organs can’t function.
C．People’s organs are frozen.
D．People can still communicate without barrier.
34．What’s the underlined part mean
A．The system can’t be used in the sunlight.
B．The system can’t be put into use.
C．The system is not perfect at present.
D．The system is not available for everyone.
35．Who would be the potential users of the app
A．Those who have physical disease.
B．People who can’t move at all.
C．Those who can’t communicate normally at all.
D．Those who has motor neurone disease.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make Chinese Hot Pot
In China, eating hot pot is very common. People gather around a pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings(调味品) and enjoying each other's company. 36 .
Firstly, prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables.
Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices. 37 . Choose any ingredient that you enjoy. Some common choices for Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot by using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. 38 . Mushrooms of all kinds are also common to Chinese hot pot preparations.
39 . At home, a single hot pot meal would work well up to 8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. 40 !
A.Finally, arrange the seating reasonably
B.Now comes the turn to enjoy your hot pot
C.It will guarantee that the items are cooked quickly and fully
D.Here are some easy steps to make Chinese hot pot at home
E.For more variety, consider dumplings and rice cakes
F.Popular choices include: cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and bean curd
G.It usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“A bird with a broken wing will never fly as high.” I’m sure that John would agree with this saying,____41____ he felt this way almost every day in school.
By high school, John was the most famous ____42____ in his town. He was always absent, didn’t answer questions and got into ____43____. He had failed almost every exam by the time he entered his senior year, yet was passed on each year to a higher grade level. Teachers didn’t want to ____44____ him again the following year. John was moving on, but definitely not moving ___45____
I met John for the first time at a weekend leadership training program since John was one of 405 students who ____46____. At the start of the training, John was just standing ____47____ the circle of students, against the back wall. He didn’t ____48____ join the discussion groups. But slowly, the interactive games ___49____ him in.
The ice really melted when the groups started building a list of ____50____ and negative things that had occurred at school that year. John____51____ some constructive ideas on those situations. The other students in John’s group ____52____his comments. All of a sudden John felt like a___53____ of the group, and before long he was ____54____ like a leader. By the end of the training, he had ____55____ the Homeless Project team. The other students on the team were ____56____ with his passionate concern and ideas. They ____57____ elected John co-chairman of the team.
John started ____58____ at school every day and answered questions from teachers for the first time. He led a second project, ____59____ 300 blankets and 1,000 pairs of shoes for the homeless shelter from house to house.
A bird with a broken wing only needs ___60____. Once healed (治愈), it can fly higher than the rest.
41．A．if B．until C．as D．though
42．A．Storyteller B.troublemaker C．dream-seeker D．peace-lover
43．A．fights B．debt C．difficulties D．work
44．A．love B．pet C．have D．follow
45．A．in B．up C．away D．back
46．A．signed upB．ran away C．fell down D．went by
47．A．around B．onto C．among D．outside
48．A．hurriedly B．easily C．readily D．warmly
49．A．drew B．led C．sent D．put
50．A．useless B．meaningful C．strange D．positive
51．A．changed B．expressed C．reserved D．noticed
52．A．refused B．ignored C．welcomed D．gathered
53．A．founder B．heart C．audience D．part
54．A．dressed B．treated C．born D．shaped
55．A．joined B．saved C．remembered D．left
56．A．Impressed B．patient C．disappointed D．familiar
57．A．still B．again C．hardly D．even
58．A．showing upB．dropping out C．going down D.walking around
59．A．buying B．collecting C．donating D．making
60．A．raising B．feeding C．mending D．replacing
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact 61 these huge creatures were being held by only a thin rope tied to their front leg. No chains, no 62 (cage). It was obvious that the elephants could, at any time, break away from their bonds. But for some reason, they did not.
He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these elephants just stood there and made no attempt 63 (get) away. “Well,” the trainer said, “when they are very young and much 64 (small), we use the same size rope to tie them, and at that age, it's enough to hold them. As they grow up, they 65 (condition) to believe they cannot break away. They believe the rope can still hold them, 66 they never try to break free.”
The man was amazed. These elephants could at any time break free from their bonds but because they 67 (believe) they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were.
Like the elephants, how many of us go through life 68 (hang)onto the belief that we cannot do something, 69 (simple) because we failed in it once before
70 (fail) is part of learning. We should never give up the struggle in life.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My son and I drove from Pennsylvania to Seattle in late November. Approached Rawlins, Wyoming, in Thanksgiving Day, we pulled off to eat. Only place was still open. We were greeted and seated quickly, but the waitress told us the food would be out shortly. Without ever seeing a menu, we are soon served a full Thanksgiving dinner with all the food what was left. When we asked for their check, the owner said that every year the restaurant provides a freely Thanksgiving dinner to give back to the community. He wouldn’t to accept money even from travelers like us just passing through. We left in 14-degrees weather with snow blowing sideways, full of gratitude.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
略
Unit 3 FOOD AND CULTURE单元测试
答案详解
A
21.A 细节理解题。根据题干中的get relaxation and keep warm,可知对应的原文是Butter Tea中的Butter tea can strengthen the body, nourish the soul, coordinate dispositions, make the soul calm, and keep out the cold.由此可知,如果想放松和保暖,你应该喝酥油茶。故选A。
22.C 细节理解题。根据题干中的the stone-pot chicken,可知对应原文Stone-Pot Chicken中的The pot is made of natural stones on the shores of Yarlung Tsangpo River.由此可知,石锅鸡的特别之处是它的锅是由天然的石头做成的。故选C。
23.B 主旨大意题。本题可用排除法,文章不存在对比,也没有对每道食物进行评价,也没有出现吸引读者去做这些食物的语句,只是客观地介绍了西藏的一些特色食物。故选B。
B
24.D 细节理解题。从文章第三段可知,在智利,人们认为用手吃东西是不礼貌的,因此他们总是用器皿来吃饭。故选D。
25.A 细节理解题。从文章第四段中的In parts of Peru, Argentina, Chile,and Bolivia可知,在这些地方,人们在吃饭前经常要做一个宗教仪式。故选A。
26.C 细节理解题。从文章第五段可知,在埃及,你不能自己把杯子斟满,要等邻座给你斟满杯子,如果他没注意你的杯子不满,你可以向他的杯子里多倒一些饮料来让他知道。故选C。
27.A 推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知,在英国,当你需要波尔图葡萄酒被传递时,你不能直接要,而要问“你知道诺里奇的主教吗 ”, 故选A。
C
28.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You’ve probably used calorie calculators before,and you know that they only offer general information.”可知,A项正确。
29.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the device is able to recognise the vast majority of foods,except soups and very dark dishes”可知,D项正确。
30.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Panasonic said that its invention is aimed at dieters and diabetes sufferers,both of which make up a sizable market.”可知,选B项。
31.C 主旨大意题。第一段提到“Panasonic’s revolutionary new device,CaloRieco”,之后文章就此展开,由此可知,C项最能概括作者的写作目的。
D
32．C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone’s camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and convert them into letters, words and sentences. ”可知，微软研发的这款手机应用程序可以实时识别人们眼球运动，把它们转化为详细的书面信息。
33．B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句 “For people suffering from ALS, also known as motor neurone disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate(患有ALS的人，眼球运动可能是他们沟通的唯一的方式)．”可知，并非所有的器官失去了功能，A项太绝对了，C项说人的器官冻僵，不正确；D项这些人交流无障碍更是错误的。只有B项说并非所有的器官没有功能是正确的。ALS, 即Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis的缩写，肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症，又叫渐冻症。
34．D 猜测词义题。根据画线部分上句 “Current eye tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor disabilities are expensive(目前针对ALS或其他运动障碍患者的眼睛跟踪输入系统价格昂贵)……” 可知，“not constant under sunlight”指的是这个系统的费用很贵，不是每个人都能用的。
35．D 推理判断题。根据第一段 “Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with ALS to communicate with others from a phone. ”和第三段 “For people suffering from ALS, also known as motor neurone disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate. ”可知，这种app是为患有ALS(渐冻症)的人，即患有运动神经元病的人(Those who has motor neurone disease. )用的。
36.D 根据该空位置并结合本文标题“How to Make Chinese Hot Pot”可知,设空处承上启下,引起下文对如何做火锅的叙述,故D项符合语境。
37.C 根据前一句中的“cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices”可知,要将各种肉和鱼切成薄片,据此可以判断,这样能保证食物很快、很充分地煮熟,故C项正确。
38.F 根据前一句“Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables.”可知,同时要选择、清洗并准备一些蔬菜,据此可以判断,设空处列举受欢迎的用于制作火锅的蔬菜,故F项正确。
39.A 根据设空处所在位置可知,设空处为该段主题句;根据第二、三段第一句中的 “Firstly”、“Then”并结合本段内容可知,本段介绍做火锅的最后一步:合理安排好座位,故A项正确。
40.B 根据设空处所在的位置并结合语境可知,在火锅的各种准备工作完毕后,就可以开始享受了,故B项正确。
完形填空：
41．C 42．B 43．A 44．C 45．B 46．A 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．D 51．B 52．C 53．D 54．B 55．A 56．A 57．D 58．A 59．B 60．C
41．考查连词词义辨析。句意：断了翅膀的鸟永远不会飞得那么高。我相信John会同意这句话，因为他在学校里几乎每天都有这种感觉。A. if如果；B. until直到……为止；C. as由于……；D. though尽管。由句意可知，“I’m sure that John would agree with this saying(我相信John会同意这句话)”与“he felt this way almost every day in school(因为他在学校里几乎每天都有这种感觉)”存在因果关系，因而用as引导原因状语从句。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校，John是镇上最有名的麻烦制造者。A. storyteller说故事的人；B. troublemaker麻烦制造者；捣乱者；C. dream-seeker追梦人；D. peace-lover爱和平的人。根据后文可知，John缺课、回答不出问题、考试不及格，可见他总是惹麻烦。故选B。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他总是上课缺席，不回答问题，还打架。A. fights打架；B. debt债务；C. difficulties困难；D. work工作。根据上文John总是惹麻烦可知，此处“打架”符合句意。故选A。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师们都不想在下一年再要他了。A. love爱；B. pet爱抚；C. have让，有；D. follow跟随。根据前文“He had failed almost every exam by the time he entered his senior year, yet was passed on each year to a higher grade level.(进入高中以来，他几乎每次考试都不及格，但每年都能进入下一年级)”可知，老师们都不想把John留在自己的年级。故选C。
45．考查介词词义辨析。句意：John是在继续前进，但绝对没有上升。A. in在里面；B. up向上；C. away走开；D. back回来。move up表示“提升”，符合句意。故选B。
46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我第一次见到John是在一个周末的领导培训项目中，因为John是405名报名参加的学生之一。A. signed up报名；登记；B. ran away逃跑；跑开；C. fell down 倒下；D. went by时间逝去。根据句意可知，John报名参加了培训项目。故选A。
47．考查介词词义辨析。句意：约翰只是站在一圈学生的外面，背靠着后面的墙。A. around在……周围；B. onto在……之上；C. among在……当中；D. outside在……外面。根据“the circle of students, against the back wall.”可知，他站在一圈学生的外面。故选D。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他不愿意加入讨论组。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. easily容易地；C. readily乐意地；D. warmly热情地。根据前文他站在一圈学生的外面可知，他不愿意和学生们在一起讨论。故选C。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，慢慢地，互动游戏把他吸引了进来。A. drew牵引；吸引；B. led领导；指向；C. sent寄；D. put放。根据下文的But可知，互动游戏把他吸引了进来。draw in表示“引诱；吸引”。故选A。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当小组开始列出当年在学校发生的积极和消极的事情时，冰真的融化了。A. useless无用的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. strange奇怪的；D. positive积极的，肯定的。根据提示词“negative”可知，“positive”符合句意。故选D。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：John对这些情况表达了一些建设性的想法。A. changed改变；B. expressed表达；C. reserved保留；D. noticed注意到。根据some constructive ideas可知，这里指“表达”想法。故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：John小组的其他学生对他的评论表示欢迎。A. refused拒绝；B. ignored忽视；C. welcomed欢迎；乐于接受；D. gathered聚集。根据下文like a leader可知，这里是说组员们对他的观点表示认同。故选C。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，John觉得自己像小组里的一部分了。A. founder创始人；B. heart心脏；C. audience观众；D. part部分。根据前文小组其他成员认可他的评论可知，这让John觉得自己是组里的一个成员了。故选D。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久他就被当作一个领导者对待。A. dressed给……穿衣；B. treated对待，治疗；C. born出世；D. shaped成形。根据前文组员认可他的观点可推知，组员们把他当作团队领导。故选B。
55．考查动词词义辨析，句意：培训结束时，他加入了无家可归者项目小组。A. joined加入；B. saved拯救；C. remembered记住；D. left留下。根据the Homeless Project team可知，“joined加入”符合句意。故选A。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：团队中的其他学生对他的热情关怀和想法印象深刻。A. impressed印象深刻的；B. patient耐心的；C. disappointed失望的；D. familiar熟悉的。be impressed with表示“对……印象深刻”，符合句意。故选A。
57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至还选举John为团队联合主席。A. still仍然；B. again又，再；C. hardly几乎不；D. even甚至。根据句意可知，此处表示递进。故选D。
58．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他每天开始在学校出现，并回答老师的问题。A. showing up露面；出现；B. dropping out退出；退学；C. going down减少；下降；D. walking around四处走动。根据与第二段中“He was always absent”的对比可知，他每天都去上学。故选A。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他领导了第二个项目，为无家可归者挨家挨户筹集了300条毯子和1000双鞋子。A. buying买；B. collecting收集；C. donating捐赠；D. making制造。根据“from house to house”可知，此处应该是挨家挨户去“收集”。故选B。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一只折断了翅膀的鸟只需要痊愈。一旦愈合，它就会飞得比其他的都高。A. raising升起；B. feeding喂养；C. mending痊愈；D. replacing替代。根据后文的提示词“healed”可知，此处指“痊愈”。故选C。
61.that 考查同位语从句。设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明fact的具体内容,that不作句子成分,不可以省略。
62.cages 考查名词复数。句意:没有链子,(也)没有笼子。根据前面的chains可知此处用复数。
63.to get 考查非谓语动词。句意:他看到附近有一位驯兽师,就问为什么这些大象只是站在那里,不试着逃脱。make no attempt to do sth.不尝试做某事。
64.smaller 考查形容词的比较级。此处表示与现在相比“更小”的时候,且前有much修饰,故用形容词的比较级。
65.are conditioned 考查固定用法。句意:随着它们长大,它们已经习惯了相信它们不能逃脱。be conditioned to习惯于。
66.so 考查连词。设空处前后为因果关系,所以用so。
67.believed 考查动词的时态。根据前边的could和宾语从句的时态可知用一般过去时。
68.hanging 考查非谓语动词。hang和主语之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词短语作状语。
69.simply 考查副词。此处应用副词作状语。
70.Failure 考查名词。句意:失败是学习的一部分。此处为名词作主语。
改错
1. Approached→Approaching 2. in→on 3. 在place前加a或one 4. but→and
5. are→were 6. what→that 7. their→our 8. freely→free 9. 去掉to 10. 14-degrees→14-degree
【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：感恩节那天，我们驶近怀俄明州的罗林斯，停船准备吃饭。分析可知，非谓语动词approach和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语。故将Approached改为Approaching。
2.考查介词。句意：感恩节那天，我们驶近怀俄明州的罗林斯，停船准备吃饭。具体到某日，应用介词on。故将in改为on。
3.考查冠词、名词的限定。句意：只有一个地方还开着。此处单数可数名词place是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，因发音以辅音开头，故用a；也可以在单数可数名词place前加数词one，表示“一个”，强调数目。故在place前加a或one。
4.考查连词。句意：我们受到了欢迎，很快就坐了下来，并且服务员告诉我们食物很快就会出来。后文“the waitress told us the food would be out shortly”和前文“We were greeted and seated quickly”之间是并列关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5.考查时态。句意：没有看到菜单，我们很快就得到了一顿完整的感恩节晚餐，所有的食物都是剩下的。根据句意及前文told和后文asked可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。故将are改为were。
6.考查定语从句。句意：没有看到菜单，我们很快就得到了一顿完整的感恩节晚餐，所有的食物都是剩下的。分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为all the food(含不定代词)，用关系代词that引导从句，在从句中作主语，指代事物。故将what改为that。
7.考查代词。句意：当我们要账单时，店主说每年餐厅都会提供一次免费的感恩节晚餐来回馈社区。根据句意和前文主语we可知，此处应用和we对应的形容词性物主代词，表示“我们的账单”。故将their改为our。
8.考查形容词。句意：当我们要账单时，店主说每年餐厅都会提供一次免费的感恩节晚餐来回馈社区。修饰名词短语Thanksgiving dinner应用形容词，表示“免费的晚餐”。故将freely改为free。
9.考查动词。句意：即使是像我们这样的过客，他也不会收钱。情态动词wouldn’t应和动词原形一起构成复合谓语。故去掉to。
10. 考查构词法，名词的数。句意：我们怀着感激之情，在零下14度的风雪中离开了。数词+连字符+单数名词构成合成词，用作定语，修饰名词。故将14-degrees改为14-degree。