2.3 Unit 2 Travelling around the world Grammar课件(共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
Unit 2
Travelling around the world
牛津深圳广州版七年级下册
Grammar
OK, but WHY They are not at the beginning of a sentence...
Proper nouns
Common nouns
I love paris. I went to the champs-elysees and bought a toy dog named david there!
Good job dear, but don't forget to use capital letters for Paris, the Champs-Elysees and David.
1
课堂导入
This is Mike’s diary. Please correct his mistakes.
girl
book
park
Common nouns（普通名词）: names of common people, places and things.
Proper nouns（专有名词）: names of specific（具体的） people, places and things.
Li Xian
Shenzhen Bay Park
Little Woman
person
park
book
Proper noun:
Shenzhen
Common noun:
city
She is from a city.
She is from Shenzhen.
I think the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is the most beautiful bridge.
Proper noun:
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
Common noun:
bridge
He loves dogs.
I love Snoopy.
Proper noun:
Snoopy
Common noun:
dog
Proper noun:
Home Coming
Common noun:
movie
I saw a movie yesterday.
I saw Home Coming yesterday.
The family went to a city and visited a tower.
The Chens went to Paris and visited the Eiffel Tower.
family
city
tower
the Chens
Paris
the Eiffel Tower
The girls went to a cinema and watched a movie.
went to and watched .
Lily and Lucy
Wan Da Cinema
Avatar 2
The girls
a cinema
a movie
Lily and Lucy
Wan Da Cinema
Avatar 2
people: schools：
places: books:
organizations: movies:
days of the week: stores:
holidays: brands:
months:
Proper nouns can be the names of:
Jack Welch
the United States
the Red Cross
Wednesday
the Dragon Boat Festival
March
Peking University
Harry Potter
Kungfu Panda
Walmart
Huawei
...many many more
A proper nouns
We use a proper noun to refer to the name of a particular person, place, organization or time.
Names of people Sally Webb, Mrs Jacob, Xiao Ling
Names of places France, the Louvre Museum, the Beijing Railway Station
Organizations the Red Cross, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization
2
课堂活动
Days of the week Tuesday, Friday, Sunday
Months January, March, September
Holidays the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, Christmas
A proper noun starts with a (capital letter/small letter).
Work out the rule
专有名词 Proper Noun
专有名表示某一特定的人名，团体，地方，地名，江河湖海名称，书名，标题,歌曲名，机构名，日期，节日名或者某一事物所专有的名词。其开头的
第一个字母要大写。
主要可分为：
人名前的称呼或头衔，如: Mr Smith, Uncle Wang。
2. 地名、国名和人名等专有名词，如：China, Jack。
3. 某些专有名词词组由普通名词构成，如：the United States, the Great Wall。
注意：这类专有名词词组除其中的冠词、较短的介
词和连词外， 每个词的第一个字母都要大写；
4. 星期、月份名称， 如: Sunday, August 。
5. 一些大型节日名称，如: Children’s Day。注意： 这类节日名称的第一
个字母都要大写。
6. 表示语种、民族的名词或形容词， 如:
a Chinese teacher, an English book, a French film。
7. 大多数的缩略词， 如：CCTV, ID, CD。
1、每个词的第一个字母都必须大写 (名称不论在句子的什么地方都要大写 )
如：Richard Stone
中文的人名和地名，除了少数有历史意义或广为流传已经约定俗成的名词之外，例如Sun Yat-sen (孙中山)，Hong Kong (香港), Peking (北京)，Inner Mongolia (内蒙古)等，其它人名、地名都要求用现代汉语拼音来拼写。
专有名词的特点
2. 专有名词表示特定的人名、地名或组织机构等的名称，一般具有唯一性。
3. 有些专有名词表面上看是复数形式，但是在实际使用中指的是一个整体，因此谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如：联合国守护全世界。
The United Nations looks after the whole world.
4. 有些普通名词变成专有名词后，意思发生变化。
如：west 西面，the West 西方国家
china 瓷器，China 中国。
Look at the two lists below. What is the difference between the nouns in list A and list B Can you think of some more examples
the West 西方国家
the Earth 地球
52 Main Road 52大道
the Great Wall 长城
west 西部，西方
earth 陆地，地表
main road 干道
great wall 巨大的墙
A1
5. 有些专有名词前带定冠词the：
① 大多数国名前不加定冠词the。但当国名为复数名词或词组以“
名词+of+名词”或“形容词+名词”为结构）时必须加定冠词the。
如：the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国。
② 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加定冠词the。
如：the Great Wall 长城；the Summer Palace 颐和园。
专有名词的特点
③ 表示江、河、湖、海、山、岛、沙漠等的专有名词前加定冠词the。
如：the Pacific Ocean 太平洋；the Yellow River 黄河。
④ 表示酒店、电影院、戏院等的专有名词前加定冠词the。
如：the Garden Hotel 花园酒店。
⑤ 含有festival 的节日前加定冠词the。
如：the Spring Festival 春节。
专有名词的特点
6.有些单词字母的大小写不同，词义也不一样。
如：Rose 罗斯(姓名)——rose玫瑰花
　　China 中国——china 陶瓷或中国(不特指)
Read the passage below. Some of the nouns should begin with a capital letter. Underline these nouns and write the correct nouns above them.
Last july, I went to beijing to visit uncle zhang. He took me to many interesting places such as the great wall, the summer palace and the palace museum.
July
Beijing
Uncle Zhang
Great Wall
Summer Palace
Palace Museum
A2
I learnt a lot about the ming and the qing dynasties. We also visited the main stadium for the 2008 olympics. We went shopping on wangfujing street. I had a wonderful time in beijing and I plan to visit it again during the spring festival next year.
Ming
Qing Dynasties
Olympics
Wangfujing Street
Beijing
Spring Festival
We use the conjunctions and, but and so to link two sentences. They show different relationships between the sentences.
There are many vineyards in the centre of France and farmers grow grapes to make excellent French wine.
A French town by the sea is the perfect place for a summer holiday, but if you prefer to visit France in winter, you can try skiing on the mountains in the French Alps.
France has something for everyone, so why not visit France this year
B Conjunctions: and, but and so
We use ______ to mean “also”.
We use ______ to show a different idea.
We use ______ to show a result.
Work out the rule
and
but
so
Conjunctions: and, but and so
1　and的用法：并列连词and意为“和，又”，表示并列关系，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子，表示意思的顺延或增补。例如：
Our Maths teacher is kind and helpful.
我们数学老师和蔼可亲而且乐于帮助我们。(连接连个形容词）
I went to the supermarket and bought some vegetables this morning.
今天早上我去超市买了一些蔬菜。
（连接两个动词短语，表示意思的顺延，动作的先后发生）
Her uncle gave her a new bike as her birthday present and she liked it very much.
她叔叔给了他一辆新自行车作为生日礼物，她非常喜欢。（连 接连个简单句，表示意思的顺延，并列句）
and用作并列连词有多重含义，除了表示并列关系外，还可以表示目的（and之后）和条件（and之前）等关系。例如：
Come and see my family. 来见见我家人。（see表示目的）
Be careful, and you will make fewer mistakes.
如果仔细，你犯的错误就少。（Be careful表示条件）
2　but的用法：并列连词but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。例如：
Our school is small but beautiful.
我们学校虽然小但很漂亮。（连接两个形容词，意思相对）
The car is very old but it runs very fast.
虽然小汽车旧了，但跑得很快。
3　so的用法：并列连词so表示“因此、所以”之意，常用来连接两个简单句，这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系。例如：
The rain began to fall, so we went home.
天开始下雨了，所以我们就回家了。
Everyone in the town knew him ,so we had no trouble finding his house.
镇上谁都认识他，因此他们毫不费力就找到了他的家。
so和从属连词because（因为）不能一起连用。也就是说，使用了并列连词）。就不用because(从属连词）；使用了because，就不用so。例如：他病了，没去上学。
He was ill, so he didn't go to school
(本句是一个由并列连词so连接的并列句）
He didn't go to school because he was ill.
（本句是一个由从属连词because引导的主从复合句）
拓展用法
1. “祈使句+and+一般将来时的陈述句”and表示承接。
Work hard and you will pass the exam.
用工读书你就会通过考试。
2. “祈使句+or+一般将来时的陈述句”or在此表示否则。
Hurry up, or you will be late.
快点，不然你会迟到的。
Hi Natee,
My name is Mandy. I found your email address on an e-friend website, (and/but) I’d like to be friends with you.
I’m from Beijing, China, (and/so) I’m thirteen years old. My mum is a teacher, (and/so) my dad is a doctor. My grandparents live in Chengdu. They come to visit us every year, (and/but) they always bring me a lot of delicious Sichuan food!
Mandy is writing an email to Natee, a boy from Thailand. Circle the correct words.
I live far away from my school, (but/so) I have to get up early in the morning. I like Maths and English very much, (but/so) I don’t like Science. I want to be a teacher in the future, (but/so) I’m studying hard at school.
I’m interested in Thai culture, (and/but) I love Thai food. I hope to visit Thailand one day.
I hope we can be friends. Write to me soon (and/but) tell me about yourself.
Best wishes,
Mandy
3
课堂小结
We have learned how to use proper nouns and
conjunctions and, but, and so.
一、根据汉语意思完成句子。
I often play football on _______ (星期日).
2. Do you like ____________________ (春节).
3. ___________ (格林一家人) are watching TV.
4. ___________ is the International(国际) Working Women’s Day.
5. Paris is the capital of ______ (法国).
Sunday
the Spring Festival
The Greens
March 8th
France
4
课堂练习
1.Remember to return the book to the school library in time, ________ you
will be fined (罚款).
A. or B. and C. but D. then
2. Tony is a clever boy, ______ he usually fails in Chinese exams.
A. so B. but C. or D. because
二、单项选择。
3. Money is important ______ it’s not the most important thing.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
4. Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, ______ at last she succeeded.
A. so B. or C. but D. and
5. Maria didn’t catch the last bus, ______she had to walk home.
A. because B. so C. but D. and
6. It’s a nice house _______ it hasn’t got a garden.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
7. — Was the boy saved
— No. The doctors tried their best,_______ they failed.
A. and B. so C. but D. or
8. She can speak little English _______ she dare to talk with foreigners.
A. so B. or C. as D. but
9. Help others whenever you can _______you’ll make the world a nicer
place to live.
A. and B. or C. unless D. but
三、用and, but, so填空。
1. She is tall ________ thin.
她又高又瘦。
2. He is not my father, ________ my uncle.
他不是我爸爸，而是我叔叔。
3. I didn’t get up at 7:00 this morning, ________ I was late for school.
今早7点钟我还没有起床，所以上学迟到了。
4. I am tired today, ________ I go to bed early.
今天我很累，所以早早上床睡觉了。
and
but
so
so
5. He is not my friend, ________ my enemy.
他不是我的朋友，而是我的敌人。
6. The story is very interesting , ______ we all like it .
这个故事很有趣，所以我们大家都很喜欢。7. The door was locked, ________ we couldn’t get in .
门上锁了，所以我们进不去。
8. It is very cold , ________ wear a heavy coat.
外边很冷，因此穿上一件厚大衣。
but
so
so
so
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