中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 Grammar
基础篇
一、基础知识夯实
A、动名词的构成。
1. 一般词尾+ing。 work-working
2. 以e结尾的去e+-ing: make-making
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的双写最后一个辅音字 母,再+-ing: put-putting
4. 特例: lie-lying die-dying
写出下面动词的Ving 形式
1.begin____________ 2.communicate____________ 3.dance____________ 4.hold____________ 5.sigh____________ 6.die ____________ 7.put ____________ 8.prefer____________ 9.shop____________ 10.stop ____________ 11.see____________ 12.wake____________ 13.play____________ 14.teach____________ 15.swim____________ 16.form____________ 17.take ____________ 18.pay ____________ 19.offer____________ 20.organize___________
21.hurt____________ 22. ask____________ 23.raise____________ 24.mean____________
动名词的用法
1. 动名词是以-ing结尾的名词。这些名词描述动作和活动。
2. 动名词可作主语、宾语以及表语等句子成分。
3. 我们通常通过在动词后加-ing来构成动名词。
4. 动名词通常都是不可数的，不能在前面加a或an。
5. 动名词可以有自己的宾语。
6.动名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
7.两个或两个以上不同的动名词作主语，谓语用复数。
B、动名词的语法功能。
（1）作主语
1.眼见为实。
____________ is believing
2. 爬山是一项有益的运动
__________ hills____________ a helpful event.
3.我认为上学已改变了我的生活。
I think _________ _________ school _________ already changed my life.
4. 交多点朋友对你有好处。
______ _______ _______ is good for you.
【答案】1.Seeing 2.Climbing is 3.going to has 4.Making more friends
（2）作表语。
1.她的工作是教英语。
Her Job is___________ ____________.
（3）作宾语。习惯接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practise
(包括介词宾语，动词在介词后面要用Ving形式，常用介词 of, in, at, about, for, without等)
1.我姐姐喜欢打网球。
My sister enjoys__________ __________.
2.你介意开窗吗？
Do you mind ____________ the window
3.你对下象棋感兴趣吗？
Are you interested in ___________ ________
4.我盼望去参观长城。
I’m looking forward to __________the Great Wall.
5.他善于画画。
He is good at ___________ ___________.
6.他呆在家里，而没有看足球赛。
He stayed at home__________ __________ ____________ football match.
【答案】1.playing tennis 2.opening 3.playing chess 4.visiting 5.drawing 6.instead of watching
(4)作定语
1.这是我们的阅览室。
This is our ____________room.
【答案】reading
C 用于某些惯用法中。
be busy doing sth
be worth doing sth
It’s no use / good doing sth
1.妈妈在厨房忙着做饭。
Mother _________ ________ _________dinner in the kitchen.
2.这本书值得一读。
The book __________ __________ __________.
【答案】1.is busy cooking 2.is worth reading
D.动词接不定式和动名词意义大不相同
stop to do something 停止手中事，去做另一件事
stop doing something 停止正在做的事
remember / forget / regret to do something 记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾要做某事（指动作尚未发生）
remember / forget / regret doing something 记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾做了某事（指动作已经发生）
try to do something 设法，努力去做，尽力
try doing something 试试去做，看有何结果
mean to do something 打算做，企图做
mean doing something 意思是，意味着
see (hear, watch)sb do sth. 看见（听见）某人做过某事。（全过程）
see (hear ,watch)sb. doing sth 看见（听见）某人正在做某事（部分）
1.My father wasn’t happy, because I forgot ________(do) my homework.
2. I remember ________ (tell) you about him that day.
3. I often see them _______（talk）with some foreigners .
4.When he got there, he saw them_________(play) football.
5.You look tired, you must stop ________ (work).
6.You look tired, you must stop ________ (rest).
7.你应该尽力多开口说话。
You must _______ ________ ____, I think your Chinese
8.他坐直了身体，并尝试对人微笑。
He _______ _______ and tried _______ ________people
【答案】1.to do 2.telling 3.talk 4.playing 5.working 6.to rest 7.try to speak 8.sat up smiling at
二、单项选择。（考查非谓语动词用法）
1. Why have you kept me ________ here for so long time
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. to waiting
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你为什么让我在这里等这么久？
考查非谓语动词。wait“等待”，固定搭配keep sb doing sth“让某人一直做某事”，故选C。
2. The teacher made him ________ the word like this.
A. saying B. to say C. said D. say
【答案】D
【解析】句意：老师让他这样说这个词。
考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”。省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
3. I’m sorry I forgot ______ the dictionary to you.
A. returned B. returning C. to return D. return
【答案】C
【解析】forget to do 忘记要做某事（未作）。Forget doing忘记做了某事。（已做）
4. The cat jumps onto the table ________ some water
A. to drinking B. to drink C. drink D. drinking
【答案】B
【解析】句意：猫跳到桌子上喝水。
考查非谓语动词。drink“喝”，根据空前的“The cat jumps onto the table”和空后的“some water”可知，空缺处应该用不定式表目的，故选B。
5 .Writing stories _______ my favourite hobby.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
【答案】A
【解析】Writing stories写小说。做主语。一件事情做主语。故用单数。
6. ________ important ________ us not to give up when we fail each time.
A. It’s, for B. It’s, of C. That’s, for D. That’s, of
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当我们每次失败的时候，对我们来说，不要放弃是很重要的。
考查代词和介词。表达“某人做某事是……的”，用“it’s 形容词 of sb. to do”的结构，形容人的品质。表达“做某事对某人来说是……的”用“it’s 形容词 for sb. to do”的结构。“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式“not to give up”。句子讲述的是“不放弃是重要的”，用“It’s important for us”的结构。故选A。
7. Do you know when ________ the day after tomorrow
A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. will leave
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你知道后天什么时候离开吗？
考查“疑问词+动词不定式”。分析句子疑问词when后没有主语，所以应用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，故选C。
8. —Amy, I’m not good at basketball. What should I do
—Why not ________ a basketball club to practise ________ basketball
A. join, playing B. to join, to play C. attend, playing D. to attend, to play
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——艾米，我不擅长篮球。我该怎么办？——为什么不参加篮球俱乐部来练习打篮球呢？
考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。join参加；attend出席。根据“a basketball club”可知，此处指参加俱乐部，排除CD；why not do sth.“为什么不做某事”，practise doing sth.“练习做某事”。故选A。
9. After you finish ________ the story, do you know what ________ next
A. to write; doing B. writing; doing C. to write; to do D. writing; to do
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你写完这个故事后，你知道接下来要做什么吗？
考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth.“完成做某事”；“疑问词+动词不定式”在know后作宾语。故选D。
10. ________ a kind of ball games, and you’ll love it. For example, ________ football is really exciting.
A. Try, playing B. Try, play C. Trying, play D. Tying, playing
【答案】A
【解析】句意：尝试一种球类运动，你会喜欢的。例如，踢足球是非常刺激的。
考查祈使句以及非谓语动词。第一个是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构，因此以动词原形开头；第二空在句中作主语，应填动名词，play football“踢足球”，故选A。
11. Stamps used to ________ very common, but we are used to ________ emails now, so we seldom buy stamps.
A. be, write B. be, writing C. being, writing D. being, write
【答案】B
【解析】句意：邮票过去很常见，但我们现在习惯于写电子邮件，所以我们很少买邮票。
考查use的用法。used to do sth“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth“习惯做某事。分析句子可知第一空用原形，第二空用动名词，故选B。
12. I will show you _________.
A. what to do B. to do what C. how to do D. to do how
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我来告诉你该怎么做。
考查疑问词+动词不定式结构。此处用“疑问词+动词不定式结构”作动词show的宾语，排除B和D选项。C选项中do后面缺少宾语，排除C选项，故选A。
13. Remember ________ the book in time when you have finished ________ it .
A. to return; reading B. returning; reading
C. returning; to read D. to return; to read
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当你看完书后记住按时还。
考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth“记得去做某事”，remember doing sth“记得做过某事”，根据“Remember...the book in time”可知，句子建议及时还书，事情还未做，第一空用动词不定式to return作宾语，排除B和C；finish doing sth“做完某事”，第二空用动名词reading作宾语。故选A。
14. Stop _______! The teacher is coming.
A. to talk B. talk C. talked D. talking
【答案】D
【解析】stop doing停止做某事。Stop to do 停下来去做另一件事。
15. more about tomorrow’s weather， call 121.
—OK, I will. Thank you.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
【答案】C
【解析】句意：为了更多了解明天天气情况，请打121. 不定时表示目的。放在句前强调作用。
16. —What can we do ______ the environment
—We can do it by ______ more trees.
A. protecting; planted B. to protect; planting C. protecting; planting D. to protect; planted
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——我们能做什么来保护环境？——我们可以通过种植更多的树来做到。
考查非谓语动词。protect保护；plant种植，根据第一个空前的“What can we do”和空后的“the environment”可知，第一个空用动词不定式表目的，排除A和C，由第二个空前的“by”可知，第二个空应该用动名词作宾语，排除D，故选B。
17. —Amy, I’m not good at basketball. What should I do
—Why not ________ a basketball club to practise ________ basketball
A. join, playing B. to join, to play C. attend, playing D. to attend, to play
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——艾米，我不擅长篮球。我该怎么办？——为什么不参加篮球俱乐部来练习打篮球呢？
考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。join参加；attend出席。根据“a basketball club”可知，此处指参加俱乐部，排除CD；why not do sth.“为什么不做某事”，practise doing sth.“练习做某事”。故选A。
18. —I heard your brother failed the exam this time.
—Yes, he decided ________ novel books.
A. reading B. not reading C. to read D. not to read
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我听说你弟弟这次考试不及格。——是的，他决定不看小说了。
考查非谓语动词。decide (not) to do sth“决定（不）做某事”，是固定短语，排除A和B；结合语境可知说话人的弟弟这次考试不理想，可推断出他应该决定不看小说了。故选D。
19. These days, I spend my weekends ________ the children without parents. I enjoy it very much.
A. to help B. helping C. help D. helped
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这些天，我花我的周末帮助没有父母的孩子。我非常喜欢它。
考查非谓语动词。根据“I spend my weekends...the children without parents.”可知，此处是“spend+时间+doing sth”短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，故选B。
20. ________ fish with cormorants ________ a traditional skill.
A. Catching, is B. Catching, are C. Catch, is D. Catch, are
【答案】A
【解析】句意：用鸬鹚来捕鱼是一种传统技能。
考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。句子缺主语，表达“捕鱼”用动名词形式“catching fish”作主语，主语是单数概念，be动词用“is”。故选A。
二、 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I enjoy _________ (work) here with all of you.
2. Would you like ___________ （come）with us
3. Thank you for ________ (give) me so much help.
4. I remember ________ (tell) you about him that day.
5. – What can we use computers for -- ________(send) e-mail.
6. _________(take) a walk for a while after meals is good for our health.
7. We’ll try our best ________ (save) the girl’s life.
8. I think this book is worth ___________ （read）many times.
9 . ________(improve) his playing skills, He practises ___________ （play）the piano every day
10 .How about _________ (go) to the cinema tonight
11. I will keep ___________ （try）and never give up.
12. Why not go to the beach and __________ （have）a picnic
13. I am looking forward to ________ （hear）from you.
14. You’d better _______(take) the medicine on time.
15. Lily has trouble ___________ （work）out these problems.
16. He couldn’t help ___________ （laugh）when he heard the joke.
17. They made him ___________ （cry）.
18.While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _______ (run) and lay on the ground, so we all stopped______ (see)what was wrong with him.
19. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ (run) for such a long time.
20. It’s important _________finish) the work on time.
【答案】1.working 2. to come 3.giving 4.telling 5.sending 6.taking 7.to save
8.reading 9. To improve playing 10.going 11.trying 12.have 13.hearing 14.take 15.working 16.laughing 17.cry 18.running to see 19.running 20.to finish
四、完成句子。
1．孩子们忙着玩电脑游戏。
The boys___________ _________ computer games.
=The boys computer games.
2．她不想吃东西。
She felt like nothing.= She didn’t want to anything.
3．父亲去年戒了烟。
Father gave up last year.=Father stopped last year.
4．我过去常常开车上班，现在习惯了步行上班。
I_________ __________ drive to work, now I am _________ ____________ to work .
5．这个女孩值得交往。
The girl is worth with.
6．我喜欢看电影，不喜欢听音乐。
I prefer a film to music.
=I like a film better than music.
【答案】1. are busy playing are busy with 2.eating eat 3.smoking smoking 4.used to, used to walking 5.getting on 5.seeing listening to seeing listening to
提高篇
五、语法填空。
非谓语动词填空语篇训练
Lucy：Why do you like ______1____(work) as a detective.
Ken：I hope ____ 2____ (protect) the innocent as well as find the guilty. Well, let me __ 3__ (tell) you about a recent case. Mr. Li is a rich man. He lives alone and enjoys ____ 4____(collect) things. He bought a vase for two million dollars and only showed it to his friend Jill and Jenny. Then he locked it in the safe inside his house. That night, someone stole it. Li reported the theft and I went to his house ____ 5___ (look)for clues.
Lucy：Did you find any
Ken：Yes, black pearl earrings near the open safe. Outside the open window, I saw lots of mud on the wet ground. Inside the room, the carpet was very clean. Then I questioned Jill and Jenny. They both denied __ 6___ (steal) the vase. But I noticed Jill ___ 7__(wear)a black pearl necklace. It has the same design as the earring.
Lucy ：So Jill was the thief
Ken： I wasn’t sure. I needed proof. I showed Jill the earring. She admitted, It’s mine. But someone stole it from my house a week ago. I checked her story. It was true.
Lucy：I see, so Jill was no longer a suspect. But what about your other clues—the mud outside and the clean carpet inside
Ken：They only meant one thing—no thief broke into Li’s house. So I questioned Li and, in the end, he admitted __ 8___ (steal) his own vase. He said,” I bought insurance for the vase. I stole it for insurance money.” I also stole Jill’s earring. He wanted to make Jill __ 9___ (go) to jail instead of __ 10___(be) sent to prison.
Lucy：Is Li behind bars
Ken：Yes, and Jill is free.
【答案】1.working /to work 2.to protect 3.tell 4.collecting 5.to look 6.stealing 7.wearing 8.stealing 9.go 10.being
六、语法选择
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was walking home from work on a busy city street with lots of people. I wasn’t looking forward to ___1___ home because my friends were busy ___2___ their own business and weren’t able to ___3___ time lazily with me. It’s then when I walked past a homeless person that I hadn’t seen before. He was moving back and forth to stay ___4___ and very gently asking for some change. His words for money ___5___ so quiet that I could ___6___ hear him.
Something made me ___7___, turn around and walk up to him. At the same time, some thoughts appeared ___8___ my head like, “What do you think you’re doing ” “You’re alone, it’s dark and you’re a woman.” Before I knew what I was doing, I asked him if he had had dinner yet and if he would like to join ___9___ at a nearby restaurant. He said he hadn’t eaten ____10____ and he would like to. So, he walked with me a few yards to the restaurant and held the door open for me ____11____ we entered.
He asked for the smallest thing on the menu but I ordered a larger meal for him and I explained that the price wasn’t worth worrying about. We had a good dinner and a pleasant conversation about our life like where we grew up and what kind of music we liked. We both felt very ____12____. During the whole time, I just tried to say the right thing and give him the respect and care everyone has. I didn’t want to show that I was ____13____ than him.
I was so grateful for this experience. I may not have met my friends that evening but I met ____14____ unexpected friend and the experience changed my life. It will make me ____15____ twice in future before I complain about something I don’t have.
1. A. go B. goes C. to go D. going
2. A. with B. for C. to D. in
3. A. spends B. spending C. spent D. spend
4. A. warmly B. warm C. warmest D. more warm
5. A. is B. are C. was D. were
6. A. hardly B. harder C. hard D. hardest
7. A. stop B. stops C. to stop D. stopping
8. A. on B. above C. under D. in
9. A. I B. my C. me D. mine
10. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
11. A. as B. after C. while D. as soon as
12. A. excitement B. exciting C. excited D. excitedly
13. A. good B. better C. best D. well
14. A. / B. the C. a D. an
15. A. thinking B. think C. thought D. thinks
【答案】1 D 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己邀请一位流浪汉一起就餐的经历。
1.句意：我并不期待回家，因为我的朋友们都忙于自己的事情，不能懒散地和我在一起。
go动词原形；goes动词第三人称单数；to go动词不定式；going动名词。根据短语“look forward to doing sth.（期待做某事）”可知，此空应填动名词going作宾语。故选D。
2.句意：我并不期待回家，因为我的朋友们都忙于自己的事情，不能懒散地和我在一起。
with表示行为或活动涉及的对象；for对于；to到；in在……里面。结合空格所在句和选项可知，此处表达“他们忙于他们自己的事情”的意思，应用短语“be busy with sth.（忙于……）”，所以此空应填介词with。故选A。
3.句意：我并不期待回家，因为我的朋友们都忙于自己的事情，不能懒散地和我在一起。
spends动词第三人称单数；spending动名词；spent过去式；spend动词原形。根据短语“be able to do sth.”可知，此空应填原形动词spend。故选D。
4.句意：他来回移动以保持温暖，非常温柔地讨要一些零钱。
warmly副词原级；warm形容词原级；warmest最高级；more warm错误表达。根据语境可知，此句没有进行比较，不需用最高级；分析成分可知，此空应填原级形容词warm作系动词“stay”的表语。故选B。
5.句意：他讨要钱的声音太小了，我几乎听不见。
is一般现在时；are一般现在时；was一般过去时；were一般过去时。通读全文可知，本文讲述的是发生在过去的经历，所以此处时态应用一般过去时；主语“His words”为复数，be动词应用were。故选D。
6.句意：他讨要钱的声音太小了，我几乎听不见。
hardly几乎不；harder更努力地；hard努力地；hardest最努力地。根据“His words for money was so quiet…”可知，这个流浪汉讨要钱的声音太小了，所以作者几乎听不见他的声音，“hardly”符合文意。故选A。
7.句意：有什么东西让我停下来，转身走向他。
stop省略to的动词不定式；stops动词第三人称单数；to stop动词不定式；stopping动名词。根据短语“make sb. do sth.（使某人做某事）”可知，此空应填省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
8.句意：同时，一些想法出现在我的脑海里，像“你认为你在做什么？”“你一个人，天很黑，而且你是个女人。”
on在……上面；above在……上面；under在……下面；in在……里面。结合空格所在句和选项可知，此处表达“一些想法出现在我的脑海里”的意思，“in”符合文意。故选D。
9.句意：我还没反应过来，就问他是否吃过晚饭，是否愿意和我一起去附近的餐馆吃饭。
I人称代词的主格；my形容词性物主代词；me人称代词的宾格；mine名词性物主代词。结合空格所在句和选项可知，此处表达“和我一起去吃饭”的意思，再结合成分分析可知，此空应填人称代词的宾格me作“join”的宾语。故选C。
10.句意：他说他没有吃任何东西，他想和我一起去餐馆吃饭。
everything所有事物；nothing没有什么；anything任何事物；something某事或某物。根据“... he hadn’t eaten…”可知，此宾语从句是否定句，所以此空应填“anything”，表示“没有吃任何东西”的意思。故选C。
11.句意：于是，他陪我走了几码路到餐厅，并在我们进去时为我把着门。
as正当，表示两个动作同时发生；after在……之后；while与……同时，引导的从句常用延续性动词；as soon as一……就……，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。根据此空上下两句可知，“我们进去”和“为我把着门”是两个同时发生的动作，因为从句中“entered（进入）”不是延续性动词，所以此空应填as。故选A。
12.句意：我们都感到非常兴奋。
excitement名词；exciting形容词，令人兴奋的；excited形容词，感到兴奋的；excitedly副词。结合成分分析和句意可知，此句表达“我们感到兴奋”的意思，所以此空应填形容词“excited”作“felt”的表语。故选C。
13.句意：我不想表现出我比他好。
good形容词原级；better比较级；best最高级；well副词原级。根据“than”可知，此空应填比较级“better”。故选B。
14.句意：那天晚上我可能没有遇到我的朋友，但我遇到了一个意想不到的朋友，这段经历改变了我的生活。
/不填；the定冠词，表示特指；a不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前。根据语境可知，此空应填不定冠词表示泛指；因为“unexpected”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以此空应填不定冠词an。故选D。
15.句意：它会让我在以后抱怨我没有的东西之前三思。
thinking动名词；think省略to的动词不定式；thought过去式；thinks动词第三人称单数。根据短语“make sb. do sth.（使某人做某事）”可知，此空应填省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。
七、阅读理解
There is nothing worse than being cheated. Now body language expert Judi James tells you the key signs to find out whether someone is telling a lie. Here are some ways to help you.
The long stop: Telling a lie is quite difficult for the body and brain to deal with. First your brain produces the truth. Then, you have to hide the truth and invent a lie. After that, you tell the lie. This often leads to a longer stop before answering.
The eye dart: Humans have more eye expressions than any other animal and our eyes can look around if we’re trying to hide something. When we look up to our left, we’re often recalling memory. But when our eyes roll up to our right, we are thinking new ideas. Also, the guilt of a lie often makes people use an eye contact cut-off gesture, such as looking down or away.
The lost breath: Bending the truth causes a sudden stress response in most people. The mouth dries, the body sweats more, the pulse rate（心率）becomes quick and the rhythm of the breathing changes to shorter, shallower breaths that can often be both seen and heard.
The poker face: Some people prefer to have the poker face, because they think less is more and almost show less movement and eye contact when they are telling lies.
The face hide: When someone tells a lie they often want to hide their face from their audience. This can lead to a cut-off gesture like nose-touch or mouth-cover.
Self-comfort touches: People often move from side to side, touch their hair or play with wedding rings when they have stress. Most people use self comfort gestures but this will increase greatly when someone is lying.
1. Why do people have a long stop before telling a lie
A. Because they have stress. B. Because they are recalling memory.
C. Because they don’t want to say anything. D. Because they are thinking of a lie instead of the truth.
2. The underlined word “guilt” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. sadness B. shame C. peace D. anger
3. What may people do when they feel stressful suddenly
A. They have the poker face. B. They have less movement.
C. Their hearts beat more quickly. D. They have more eye expressions.
4. The writer wants to tell us ________
A. the problem of telling lies. B. the reason why people tell lies.
C. the importance of body language. D. the ways to discover people telling lies.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D
【解析】本文讲述了一些方法帮助我们分辨别人是否在骗人。长的停顿，眼神闪躲，呼吸急促，扑克脸，表情缺失，自我安慰的动作等都可以帮助我们进行判断。
1.细节理解题。根据“First your brain produces the truth. Then, you have to hide the truth and invent a lie. After that, you tell the lie. This often leads to a longer stop before answering”可知，首先，你的大脑产生真相。然后，你必须隐藏真相，编造谎言。之后，你再说谎。这通常会导致在回答之前停顿更长时间。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。根据“Also, the guilt of a lie often makes people use an eye contact cut-off gesture, such as looking down or away”可知，因说谎而产生的负罪感常常会让人们放弃眼神交流，比如低下头或移开视线，所以guilt在此处表示“负罪感”与shame同义，故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据“Bending the truth causes a sudden stress response in most people. The mouth dries, the body sweats more, the pulse rate（心率）becomes quick…”可知，对大多数人来说，歪曲事实会导致突然的压力反应。口干，身体出汗，心率变得快，故选C。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了一些方法帮助我们分辨别人是否在骗人，故选D。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 Grammar
基础篇
一、基础知识夯实
A、动名词的构成。
1. 一般词尾+ing。 work-working
2. 以e结尾的去e+-ing: make-making
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的双写最后一个辅音字 母,再+-ing: put-putting
4. 特例: lie-lying die-dying
写出下面动词的Ving 形式
1.begin____________ 2.communicate____________ 3.dance____________ 4.hold____________ 5.sigh____________ 6.die ____________ 7.put ____________ 8.prefer____________ 9.shop____________ 10.stop ____________ 11.see____________ 12.wake____________ 13.play____________ 14.teach____________ 15.swim____________ 16.form____________ 17.take ____________ 18.pay ____________ 19.offer____________ 20.organize___________
21.hurt____________ 22. ask____________ 23.raise____________ 24.mean____________
动名词的用法
1. 动名词是以-ing结尾的名词。这些名词描述动作和活动。
2. 动名词可作主语、宾语以及表语等句子成分。
3. 我们通常通过在动词后加-ing来构成动名词。
4. 动名词通常都是不可数的，不能在前面加a或an。
5. 动名词可以有自己的宾语。
6.动名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
7.两个或两个以上不同的动名词作主语，谓语用复数。
B、动名词的语法功能。
（1）作主语
1.眼见为实。
____________ is believing
2. 爬山是一项有益的运动
__________ hills____________ a helpful event.
3.我认为上学已改变了我的生活。
I think _________ _________ school _________ already changed my life.
4. 交多点朋友对你有好处。
______ _______ _______ is good for you.
（2）作表语。
1.她的工作是教英语。
Her Job is___________ ____________.
（3）作宾语。习惯接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practise
(包括介词宾语，动词在介词后面要用Ving形式，常用介词 of, in, at, about, for, without等)
1.我姐姐喜欢打网球。
My sister enjoys__________ __________.
2.你介意开窗吗？
Do you mind ____________ the window
3.你对下象棋感兴趣吗？
Are you interested in ___________ ________
4.我盼望去参观长城。
I’m looking forward to __________the Great Wall.
5.他善于画画。
He is good at ___________ ___________.
6.他呆在家里，而没有看足球赛。
He stayed at home__________ __________ ____________ football match.
(4)作定语
1.这是我们的阅览室。
This is our ____________room.
【答案】reading
C 用于某些惯用法中。
be busy doing sth
be worth doing sth
It’s no use / good doing sth
1.妈妈在厨房忙着做饭。
Mother _________ ________ _________dinner in the kitchen.
2.这本书值得一读。
The book __________ __________ __________.
D.动词接不定式和动名词意义大不相同
stop to do something 停止手中事，去做另一件事
stop doing something 停止正在做的事
remember / forget / regret to do something 记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾要做某事（指动作尚未发生）
remember / forget / regret doing something 记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾做了某事（指动作已经发生）
try to do something 设法，努力去做，尽力
try doing something 试试去做，看有何结果
mean to do something 打算做，企图做
mean doing something 意思是，意味着
see (hear, watch)sb do sth. 看见（听见）某人做过某事。（全过程）
see (hear ,watch)sb. doing sth 看见（听见）某人正在做某事（部分）
1.My father wasn’t happy, because I forgot ________(do) my homework.
2. I remember ________ (tell) you about him that day.
3. I often see them _______（talk）with some foreigners .
4.When he got there, he saw them_________(play) football.
5.You look tired, you must stop ________ (work).
6.You look tired, you must stop ________ (rest).
7.你应该尽力多开口说话。
You must _______ ________ ____, I think your Chinese
8.他坐直了身体，并尝试对人微笑。
He _______ _______ and tried _______ ________people
二、单项选择。（考查非谓语动词用法）
1. Why have you kept me ________ here for so long time
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. to waiting
2. The teacher made him ________ the word like this.
A. saying B. to say C. said D. say
3. I’m sorry I forgot ______ the dictionary to you.
A. returned B. returning C. to return D. return
4. The cat jumps onto the table ________ some water
A. to drinking B. to drink C. drink D. drinking
5 .Writing stories _______ my favourite hobby.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
6. ________ important ________ us not to give up when we fail each time.
A. It’s, for B. It’s, of C. That’s, for D. That’s, of
7. Do you know when ________ the day after tomorrow
A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. will leave
8. —Amy, I’m not good at basketball. What should I do
—Why not ________ a basketball club to practise ________ basketball
A. join, playing B. to join, to play C. attend, playing D. to attend, to play
9. After you finish ________ the story, do you know what ________ next
A. to write; doing B. writing; doing C. to write; to do D. writing; to do
10. ________ a kind of ball games, and you’ll love it. For example, ________ football is really exciting.
A. Try, playing B. Try, play C. Trying, play D. Tying, playing
11. Stamps used to ________ very common, but we are used to ________ emails now, so we seldom buy stamps.
A. be, write B. be, writing C. being, writing D. being, write
12. I will show you _________.
A. what to do B. to do what C. how to do D. to do how
13. Remember ________ the book in time when you have finished ________ it .
A. to return; reading B. returning; reading
C. returning; to read D. to return; to read
14. Stop _______! The teacher is coming.
A. to talk B. talk C. talked D. talking
15. more about tomorrow’s weather， call 121.
—OK, I will. Thank you.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
16. —What can we do ______ the environment
—We can do it by ______ more trees.
A. protecting; planted B. to protect; planting C. protecting; planting D. to protect; planted
17. —Amy, I’m not good at basketball. What should I do
—Why not ________ a basketball club to practise ________ basketball
A. join, playing B. to join, to play C. attend, playing D. to attend, to play
18. —I heard your brother failed the exam this time.
—Yes, he decided ________ novel books.
A. reading B. not reading C. to read D. not to read
19. These days, I spend my weekends ________ the children without parents. I enjoy it very much.
A. to help B. helping C. help D. helped
20. ________ fish with cormorants ________ a traditional skill.
A. Catching, is B. Catching, are C. Catch, is D. Catch, are
二、 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I enjoy _________ (work) here with all of you.
2. Would you like ___________ （come）with us
3. Thank you for ________ (give) me so much help.
4. I remember ________ (tell) you about him that day.
5. – What can we use computers for -- ________(send) e-mail.
6. _________(take) a walk for a while after meals is good for our health.
7. We’ll try our best ________ (save) the girl’s life.
8. I think this book is worth ___________ （read）many times.
9 . ________(improve) his playing skills, He practises ___________ （play）the piano every day
10 .How about _________ (go) to the cinema tonight
11. I will keep ___________ （try）and never give up.
12. Why not go to the beach and __________ （have）a picnic
13. I am looking forward to ________ （hear）from you.
14. You’d better _______(take) the medicine on time.
15. Lily has trouble ___________ （work）out these problems.
16. He couldn’t help ___________ （laugh）when he heard the joke.
17. They made him ___________ （cry）.
18.While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _______ (run) and lay on the ground, so we all stopped______ (see)what was wrong with him.
19. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ (run) for such a long time.
20. It’s important _________finish) the work on time.
四、完成句子。
1．孩子们忙着玩电脑游戏。
The boys___________ _________ computer games.
=The boys computer games.
2．她不想吃东西。
She felt like nothing.= She didn’t want to anything.
3．父亲去年戒了烟。
Father gave up last year.=Father stopped last year.
4．我过去常常开车上班，现在习惯了步行上班。
I_________ __________ drive to work, now I am _________ ____________ to work .
5．这个女孩值得交往。
The girl is worth with.
6．我喜欢看电影，不喜欢听音乐。
I prefer a film to music.
=I like a film better than music.
提高篇
五、语法填空。
非谓语动词填空语篇训练
Lucy：Why do you like ______1____(work) as a detective.
Ken：I hope ____ 2____ (protect) the innocent as well as find the guilty. Well, let me __ 3__ (tell) you about a recent case. Mr. Li is a rich man. He lives alone and enjoys ____ 4____(collect) things. He bought a vase for two million dollars and only showed it to his friend Jill and Jenny. Then he locked it in the safe inside his house. That night, someone stole it. Li reported the theft and I went to his house ____ 5___ (look)for clues.
Lucy：Did you find any
Ken：Yes, black pearl earrings near the open safe. Outside the open window, I saw lots of mud on the wet ground. Inside the room, the carpet was very clean. Then I questioned Jill and Jenny. They both denied __ 6___ (steal) the vase. But I noticed Jill ___ 7__(wear)a black pearl necklace. It has the same design as the earring.
Lucy ：So Jill was the thief
Ken： I wasn’t sure. I needed proof. I showed Jill the earring. She admitted, It’s mine. But someone stole it from my house a week ago. I checked her story. It was true.
Lucy：I see, so Jill was no longer a suspect. But what about your other clues—the mud outside and the clean carpet inside
Ken：They only meant one thing—no thief broke into Li’s house. So I questioned Li and, in the end, he admitted __ 8___ (steal) his own vase. He said,” I bought insurance for the vase. I stole it for insurance money.” I also stole Jill’s earring. He wanted to make Jill __ 9___ (go) to jail instead of __ 10___(be) sent to prison.
Lucy：Is Li behind bars
Ken：Yes, and Jill is free.
六、语法选择
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was walking home from work on a busy city street with lots of people. I wasn’t looking forward to ___1___ home because my friends were busy ___2___ their own business and weren’t able to ___3___ time lazily with me. It’s then when I walked past a homeless person that I hadn’t seen before. He was moving back and forth to stay ___4___ and very gently asking for some change. His words for money ___5___ so quiet that I could ___6___ hear him.
Something made me ___7___, turn around and walk up to him. At the same time, some thoughts appeared ___8___ my head like, “What do you think you’re doing ” “You’re alone, it’s dark and you’re a woman.” Before I knew what I was doing, I asked him if he had had dinner yet and if he would like to join ___9___ at a nearby restaurant. He said he hadn’t eaten ____10____ and he would like to. So, he walked with me a few yards to the restaurant and held the door open for me ____11____ we entered.
He asked for the smallest thing on the menu but I ordered a larger meal for him and I explained that the price wasn’t worth worrying about. We had a good dinner and a pleasant conversation about our life like where we grew up and what kind of music we liked. We both felt very ____12____. During the whole time, I just tried to say the right thing and give him the respect and care everyone has. I didn’t want to show that I was ____13____ than him.
I was so grateful for this experience. I may not have met my friends that evening but I met ____14____ unexpected friend and the experience changed my life. It will make me ____15____ twice in future before I complain about something I don’t have.
1. A. go B. goes C. to go D. going
2. A. with B. for C. to D. in
3. A. spends B. spending C. spent D. spend
4. A. warmly B. warm C. warmest D. more warm
5. A. is B. are C. was D. were
6. A. hardly B. harder C. hard D. hardest
7. A. stop B. stops C. to stop D. stopping
8. A. on B. above C. under D. in
9. A. I B. my C. me D. mine
10. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
11. A. as B. after C. while D. as soon as
12. A. excitement B. exciting C. excited D. excitedly
13. A. good B. better C. best D. well
14. A. / B. the C. a D. an
15. A. thinking B. think C. thought D. thinks
七、阅读理解
There is nothing worse than being cheated. Now body language expert Judi James tells you the key signs to find out whether someone is telling a lie. Here are some ways to help you.
The long stop: Telling a lie is quite difficult for the body and brain to deal with. First your brain produces the truth. Then, you have to hide the truth and invent a lie. After that, you tell the lie. This often leads to a longer stop before answering.
The eye dart: Humans have more eye expressions than any other animal and our eyes can look around if we’re trying to hide something. When we look up to our left, we’re often recalling memory. But when our eyes roll up to our right, we are thinking new ideas. Also, the guilt of a lie often makes people use an eye contact cut-off gesture, such as looking down or away.
The lost breath: Bending the truth causes a sudden stress response in most people. The mouth dries, the body sweats more, the pulse rate（心率）becomes quick and the rhythm of the breathing changes to shorter, shallower breaths that can often be both seen and heard.
The poker face: Some people prefer to have the poker face, because they think less is more and almost show less movement and eye contact when they are telling lies.
The face hide: When someone tells a lie they often want to hide their face from their audience. This can lead to a cut-off gesture like nose-touch or mouth-cover.
Self-comfort touches: People often move from side to side, touch their hair or play with wedding rings when they have stress. Most people use self comfort gestures but this will increase greatly when someone is lying.
1. Why do people have a long stop before telling a lie
A. Because they have stress. B. Because they are recalling memory.
C. Because they don’t want to say anything. D. Because they are thinking of a lie instead of the truth.
2. The underlined word “guilt” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. sadness B. shame C. peace D. anger
3. What may people do when they feel stressful suddenly
A. They have the poker face. B. They have less movement.
C. Their hearts beat more quickly. D. They have more eye expressions.
4. The writer wants to tell us ________
A. the problem of telling lies. B. the reason why people tell lies.
C. the importance of body language. D. the ways to discover people telling lies.
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