UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
As we all know,Chinese (Mandarin) is the most widely spoken language in the world,while English is the widely used language in the world.Some of the other languages such as Spanish,Arabic,Portuguese,Russian,Japanese,German,French,Bengali,Hindi,and Urdu also have a considerable number of speakers.Different people from different countries speak different languages to refer to one thing.The following pictures show how they say “你好” in different languages.Can you guess which country they are from
Can you add more languages that you know
Korean
Part 1 Listening and Speaking,Reading and
Thinking,Discovering Useful Structures
1.主题语境:人与自我——语言学习的规律与方法。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文是一篇介绍汉字发展的说明性文章。标题“The Chinese Writing System:connecting the past and the present”直接点明汉字连接中华文明的过去和现在的历史作用。学生通过学习本文,以探索和了解汉字与中华文明传承的关系,加强对中华文化的自豪感与认同感,增强对母语学习和中华文化的自信心。
The Chinese Writing System:Connecting the Past and the Present
答案:1.several thousand years 2.animal bones and shells 3.Shang Dynasty 4.dialects and characters 5.in one direction 6.Qinshihuang 7.the Chinese people and culture 8.present with its past 9.classic works 10.an art form
1.How many billion people speak the UN’s official languages as their native or second language (教材第60页)
有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言
◆native adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的
n.本地人
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同,也可以相互理解。
It’s said that the potato is native to South America.
据说马铃薯原产于南美洲。
单句语法填空
①Is her uncle a native Shanghai,or just a visitor
②The researcher says this kind of tiger is native India.
完成句子
③她每天都在思念故乡。
She misses her every day.
答案:①of ②to ③native land
2.What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning (教材第60页)
说话者对外语学习的态度是什么
◆attitude n.态度; 看法
We each should develop a positive attitude to life.
我们每个人都应该培养积极的人生态度。
完成句子
①It was your (对工作的不好态度) that made your parents angry.
翻译句子
②你对金钱的态度是什么
答案:①bad attitude towards/to your work
②What’s your attitude towards money
3.Pronouns (it,they,she,etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.(教材第60页)
代词(it、they、she等)指的是前面提到的某物或某人。
◆refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅
He had been well prepared for his speech so that he didn’t refer to his notebook while delivering his speech.
他已经为他的演讲做了充分的准备,所以他在演讲时没有看笔记本。
The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March.
这位老战士提到了他在长征时的经历。
写出下列句中refer to的含义
①Since the boy has been punished,please don’t refer to that matter again.
②If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word,you may refer to the dictionary.
③The Chinese refer to their language as Han,as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.
单句语法填空
④The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as (refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
⑤Green buildings can also refer environmentally friendly houses,factories and offices.
答案:①提及 ②查阅 ③把……称作……
④reference ⑤to
4.At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.(教材第62页)
汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。
◆based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B)
重新阅读的美妙之处在于,我们与作品的联系建立在我们现在的心理状态之上。
One should always base his opinion on facts.
一个人应该始终以事实为根据发表自己的观点。
单句语法填空
① (base) on a true story,the film is very popular.
②They had to have a (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
完成句子
③根据这些事实,我们可以得出以下结论。
these facts,we can reach the following conclusion.
答案:①Based ②basic ③Based on/On the basis of
5.It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu...(教材第62页)
它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期……
◆date back (to...)追溯到
As far as I know,the old town dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
据我所知,这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。
I am afraid that your way of thinking is out of date.
恐怕你的思维方式落伍了。
date back to不用于进行时,没有被动语态。
单句语法填空
①Tourists take pictures in front of the tower,which (date) back to as early as 800 years ago.
②This castle dates the 6th century.
③The notice is out date.Let’s take it down.
答案:①dates ②from ③of
6....as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(教材第62页)
……这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,从而导致不同方言和汉字变体的产生。
◆variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
In my free time,I’d like to take exercise,such as swimming,running and various/a variety of ball games.在业余时间,我喜欢锻炼,例如:游泳、跑步和各种球类运动。
All languages change over time and vary from place to place because of the local accent.
所有的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化,并且由于地方口音的不同而有所不同。
the variety of意为“……的品种或种类”,“the variety of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
单句语法填空
①It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for (variety) reasons.
②The research team is made up of the pupils,whose ages (variety) from 10 to 15.
③Rainforests are home to a rich (various) of medicinal plants.
答案:①various ②vary ③variety
7.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.(教材第62页)
秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后,在这个统一的国家里,汉字开始朝着一个方向发展。
◆major adj.主要的;重要的;大的
n.主修课程;主修学生
vi.主修;专门研究
I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.我猜想可能有个大的
误会。
When it comes to education,the majority of people believe that education is of great importance.
当谈到教育,大部分人认为教育很重要。
单句语法填空
①My parents want me to major Chinese at college.
②He believes that his supporters are in the (major).
完成句子
③大多数人赞成这个建议。
of the people are in favor of the proposal.
答案:①in ②majority ③The majority
8.When I started studying German,it was a struggle.(教材第64页)
当我开始学习德语时,这是一场奋斗。
◆struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
We have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。
Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)
很多家庭都在努力维持生计。
单句语法填空
①Workers are struggling a clean canteen and healthy food.
②She never gave up and struggled (live) an active life.
翻译句子
③他没有放弃,而是挣扎着站起来。
答案:①for ②to live ③Instead of giving up,he struggled to his feet.
Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.(教材第62页)
即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
◆no matter where引导让步状语从句
No matter how difficult it is,I’m going to finish the work ahead of time.
无论有多么困难,我都要提前完成工作。
No matter what/Whatever you say,I won’t believe you any longer.
无论你说什么,我再也不相信你了。
完成句子
① (无论你何时来),you are welcome.
② (无论他在哪儿),we will find him.
翻译句子
③无论他多晚回来,他妈妈总是等着他。
答案:①No matter when you come ②No matter where he is ③No matter how late he comes back,his mother is always waiting for him.
1.Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(教材第62页)
在随后的年代里,这一体系发展成不同的形式,这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,从而产生了不同方言和汉字变体。
此句是主从复合句。as引导原因状语从句,其中又含有一个when引导的定语从句;leading to...是动词-ing形式作状语,表示结果。
2.As China plays a greater role in global affairs,an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(教材第62页)
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
play a role in=play a part in 意为“在……中扮演一个角色;在……方面起作用”。
此句是主从复合句。as引导时间状语从句,意为“随着……”。
1.Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.(教材第62页)
汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。
◆means n.方式;方法;途径
There is no doubt that WeChat is an important means of communication.
毫无疑问,微信是一种重要的交流工具。
Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing part-time jobs.
学生有时借助兼职工作养活他们自己。
单句语法填空
①Every possible means (try),but none has worked.
② no means can you give up when you are in trouble.
完成句子
③我们用地图找到了公园。
We find the park a map.
答案:①has been tried ②By ③by means of
means用作“方式;方法”时,单复数同形。
2.The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.(教材第62页)中国人对其书写体系推崇备至,这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。
◆regard n.尊重;关注 vt.把……视为;看待
I regard this novel as one of the best novels I have ever read.
我认为这是我读过的最好的小说之一。
Please give my regards to your parents.
请代我向你的父母问好。
In regard to his suggestions,we shall discuss them fully.
关于他的建议,我们将充分讨论。
单句语法填空
①It is known to us that Li Jian is regarded one of the most famous musicians.
②The teacher wishes to speak to you regard to your being late.
完成句子
③我们的政府高度关注教育的发展。
Our government the development of education.
答案:①as ②in/with ③has high regard for
3.As China plays a greater role in global affairs,an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(教材第62页)
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色,越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
◆appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值
This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,七选五)
这一点经常是值得赞赏的,因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物。
I’d appreciate your writing me back as soon as possible.你尽早回信,我将感激不尽。
单句语法填空
①Here I sincerely express my (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
②I appreciate (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
③I’d appreciate if you could take my suggestions into consideration.
答案:①appreciation ②being given ③it
定语从句(二)
1.Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(教材第62页)
在随后的年代里,这一体系发展成不同的形式,这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,从而产生了不同方言和汉字变体。
2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.(教材第62页)
秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后,在这个统一的国家里,汉字开始朝着一个方向发展。
3.There are many reasons why this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.(教材第62页)
其存续的原因颇多,但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。
4.It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.(教材第62页)
它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人在这些骨头和壳上面刻画简单的符号。
5.Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.(教材第62页)汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。
同学们,你能发现这些句子中的黑体部分的特点吗 它们起什么作用呢
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
1.关系副词when引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示时间的名词,关系副词在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。
The day when we get together will come soon.
我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。
We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
单句语法填空
①We will never forget the day we flew at an altitude of 6,000 metres in the sky.
②Do you still remember the days we chatted with each other all night
答案:①when ②when
若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则改用which或that引导。
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗 (that/which作spent的宾语)
2.关系副词where引导定语从句时,先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词,关系副词在从句中作地点状语。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
He is now working in the factory where his father worked.
现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。
单句语法填空
①Finally,we got to a factory, many mobile phones of high quality were produced.
②It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
答案:①where ②where
若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,则改用which或that引导。
The school which/that we visited yesterday is newly built.
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)
3.关系副词why引导定语从句时,先行词常为reason,关系副词在从句中作原因状语。
The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.
他考试成绩很好的原因是他学习很努力。
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日聚会的原因吗
单句语法填空
①I want to know the reason John didn’t answer my phone yesterday.
②I don’t believe the reason you have told us.
答案:①why ②that/which
reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语,则改用which或that。
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用which/that,不用why)
二、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词作介词的宾语时,为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑,可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前,形成“介词+关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which或whom。
1.介词的选用。
“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)
This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.这就是和我爸爸一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)
一句多译
这是那本我花了五元钱买的书。
①
②
答案:①This is the book on which I spent 5 yuan.
②This is the book for which I paid 5 yuan.
①某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。
I still remember the time when (=during which) I was in college.
我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。
This is the hotel where (=in which) they stayed.
这就是他们待过的旅馆。
This is the reason why (=for which) he left in a hurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。
②有些“动词+介词”短语,如look for、look after、send for、call on、come across、long for等,不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。
The doctor that you sent for has not come.
你派人去请的医生还没来。
2.关系代词的选择。
“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中,先行词指人时关系代词用whom,不可用who/that;先行词指物时关系代词用which,不能用that。
This is the student for whom I bought a book.
这就是我给其买书的那个学生。
This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘的船。
完成句子
①我参军的那一天是1960年10月12日。
The date I joined the army was October 12,1960.
②玛丽曾经住的那所房子现在是图书馆。
The house Mary lived is now a library.
答案:①on which ②in which
3.“名词/数词/代词等+介词of+关系代词”结构,表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
The river,the banks of which are covered with trees,flows to the sea.
这条河流入大海,河的两岸种满了树。
He has three sons,two of whom are teachers.
他有三个儿子,其中两个是老师。
Maria has written two novels,both of which have been made into television series.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说,这两部小说都被拍成了电视剧。
完成句子
①The old man has two sons, (他们俩都) are lawyers.
②The building is still under repair, (它的屋顶) was destroyed in the big fire.
答案:①both of whom ②the roof of which
1....China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
2.Many of these bags end up in the ocean larger ones can trap sea creatures,such as turtles and dolphins.(2020年北京卷,语法填空)
3.There are several reasons school uniforms are a good idea.(2019年浙江卷,语法填空)
4.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.(2019年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C)
答案及剖析:
1.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,填空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是spot,表示地点的名词,定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。
2.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,填空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是ocean,定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where。
3.why 句意:(穿)校服是个好主意,有几个原因。先行词是reasons,从句中缺少状语,故用why引导定语从句。
4.with 句意:这款智能键盘可以精确地测量一个人打字时的节奏,以及手指施加在每个键上的压力。分析句子结构可知,此句是 “介词+which”引导的定语从句;with表示“用……”。
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.July and August are the months the weather is hot.
2.Oct.1st,1949 was the day the People’s Republic of China was founded.
3.I visited the farm a lot of cows are raised.
4.He gets into a situation it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.
5.The reason I come here is that I want to get your help.
6.We went through a period communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
7.The children,all of had played the whole day long,were worn out.
8.We visited the car factory my uncle once worked three years ago.
9.This is the factory I visited last year.
10.The young man has three brothers,two of are lawyers.
答案:1.when 2.when 3.where 4.where
5.why 6.when 7.whom 8.where
9.that/which 10.whom
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.We are living in an age (许多事情可以在电脑上做).
2.After graduation he returned to the small town (他在那里长大).
3.The reason (他为什么迟到) was that he missed his train.
4.We made a survey among the students, (其中三分之二) like football.
5.The houses (在地震中毁掉) have been rebuilt.
答案:1.when many things can be done on the computer
2.where/in which he grew up
3.why he was late
4.two thirds of whom
5.which/that were destroyed in the earthquake
Ⅲ.句型转换
用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”结构将以下句子变为定语从句。
1.We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a clear river.
→We settled down in a small village ran a clear river.
2.She has three sons.All of her sons are abroad now.
→She has three sons, are abroad now.
3.There are sixty students in our class.Thirty of the students in our class are girls.
→There are sixty students in our class, are girls.
4.The school lies in the east of the town.He once studied in the school.
→The school he once studied lies in the east of the town.
5.Do you remember the days In those days we played together.
→Do you remember the days we played together
答案:1.in front of which 2.all of whom
3.thirty of whom 4.where 5.when
课时作业(十一) UNIT 5 Part 1
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.With regard the party on January 1st,I shall be pleased to attend.
2.Your salary is (base)on how hard you work.
3.Different (variety)of flowers can be the best gift for them.
4.These (refer) books might be helpful to study.
5.There was a time Tom got up early in the morning practising running.
6.My mother won’t allow me to lie to her no matter happens.
7.Sometimes I enjoy (play) the piano,but sometimes I find it is really boring.
8.All possible means (try) to find a way to settle the problem so far.
9.What is your attitude college students taking up a part-time job
答案:1.to 2.based 3.varieties 4.reference 5.when 6.what 7.playing 8.have been tried 9.towards/to
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.I (在大学主修英语),so I want to find a job as an English teacher.
2.He is a man with rich experience, (从他那里)we can learn a lot of things.
3.This college (创办于)the 18th century.
4.Nowadays,the Internet (在……起着非常重要的作用) people’s daily life.
5.As the world has become a global village,learning foreign languages well (对我们大家都很重要).
答案:1.majored in English in college 2.from whom 3.dates back to 4.plays a very important role in 5.is of great importance to us all
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively fewer languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico (150),Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times
A.They developed very fast.
B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns.
D.They were closely connected.
2.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2
A.Confusing. B.Difficult.
C.Powerful. D.Modern.
3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present
A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200.
4.What is the main idea of the text
A.New languages will be created.
B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展,人类语言越来越少的现象及其原因。阅读本文,有利于提高学生保护语言的意识。
答案及剖析:
1.B 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第一段中的“When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,...when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可知,当时的语言种类很多。故选B项。
2.C 词义猜测题。本题考查学生在具体语境中猜测词语意义的能力。根据文章第二段中的“dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为:强有力的语言。故选C项。
3.B 细节理解题。本题考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第三段中的“At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.”和“The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知,B项正确。
4.C 主旨大意题。本题考查学生把握文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章第一段中的主题句“Languages have been coming and going for... and a lot more going.”可知,语言的产生和消失已经持续了几千年,但在最近的时代语言产生的少,消失的多。故选C项。
B
If English means endless new words,difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation,you are wrong.Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language
According to a new study by a British university,learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brainpower.Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter (灰质).This is the area of the brain,which processes information.It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the effect is greater when the younger people learn a second language.A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli,from London University,took a group of Britain people who only spoke English.They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five,as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language.But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language,the smaller the difference was.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists.It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skill.“Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible,” he said.“You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34.Reading,writing and comprehension were all tested.The results showed that the younger they started to learn,the better.“Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
5.The main subject talked about in this passage is .
A.science on learning a second language
B.man’s ability of learning a second language
C.language can help brainpower
D.language learning and maths study
6.In the second paragraph,the writer mentions “exercise” in order to .
A.say language is also a kind of physical labour
B.prove that one needs more practice when he/she is learning a language
C.show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D.make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well
7.In the last two paragraphs,the author wants to tell us that .
A.learning a second language is the same as studying maths
B.early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjects
C.Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D.we’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language
语篇导读:这是一篇说明文。研究显示,学习一门外语能够增强脑力,增强人的学习能力,这是因为学习外语改变了大脑的灰质,大脑灰质负责对信息的处理。研究还发现,越早地学习一门外语,学习能力就越强。阅读本文,有利于学生认识到语言学习的好处,从而增强外语学习的信心。
答案及剖析:
5.C 主旨大意题。本题考查学生把握文本主旨要义的能力。由第二段中的“According to a new study by a British university... an increase in your brainpower.”可知,英国一所大学的一项新研究表明,学习另一种语言有助于增强脑力。结合下文,一些科学研究和科学家的实验都证明了这个观点。所以本文讨论的主题是语言有助于增强脑力。故选C。
6.D 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。由第二段中的“Researchers found that learning other languages... similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.”可知,作者把语言学习对大脑的促进作用比作锻炼对塑造肌肉的促进作用,目的是说明语言学习对大脑的促进作用和锻炼对塑造肌肉的促进作用一样,即只要学习一门语言就会促进大脑灰质发挥作用。由此推知,在第二段中作者提到“exercise”是为了让人们相信,语言学习促进大脑灰质很好地发挥它的作用。故选D。
7.B 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。由最后一段中的“The findings were matched in a study ... that the younger they started to learn,the better.”可知,研究人员对以意大利语为母语、将英语作为第二语言的2岁至34岁的人进行了调查。对阅读、写作和理解都进行了测试。结果表明,他们越早地学习另一门语言,学习其他科目的效果就越好。所以通过研究结果可以判断出,作者想告诉我们,早些学习另一门语言对学习其他科目有很大帮助。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
“Climate emergency” was picked by Oxford Dictionaries as the word of the year for 2019 after 1. (use)on average 100 times more than in 2018.
Defined as “a situation 2. urgent action is required to reduce or stop climate change and avoid environmental damage resulting from it”,the word became one of the most important 3. (term)of 2019.“Climate”did not have a place in the top words 4. (typical) used to modify(修饰)“emergency” in 2018.Instead,the top types of emergencies that people wrote about 5. (be)health,hospitals and family emergencies.But with “climate emergency”,people saw something new,6. extension of emergency to the global level.The choice was reflective,not just of the rise in the awareness of climate change,but of the focus specifically 7. the language used to discuss it.The Oxford University said the rise of “climate emergency” 8. (show)an intentional push towards the language of urgency.
The dictionary’s word of the year is chosen 9. (reflect)the attention of the passing year and should have lasting potential as a term of 10. (culture)significance.Previous winners of the word of the year include “toxic”(有毒的)in 2018 and “youthquake”(青年震荡)in 2017.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。climate emergency在2019年平均使用率是2018年的100倍,因此被《牛津词典》选为2019年的年度词语。阅读本文,有利于增强学生对热门词语“climate emergency”的认识。
答案及剖析:
1.being used 本题考查非谓语动词。介词after后接动词-ing形式,这里表示“被使用”,故填being used。
2.where 本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,这里是定语从句,先行词为situation,表示抽象意义的地点,定语从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。
3.terms 本题考查名词。此处表示“最……的……之一”用“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”,故填terms。
4.typically 本题考查副词。这里修饰动词used,应用副词。以-al结尾的形容词变副词时通常在词尾加-ly。
5.were 本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,主语the top types of emergencies表示复数概念,再由动词wrote可知,这里应该用一般过去时。
6.an 本题考查冠词。分析句子成分可知,这里进一步说明something new的内容,表泛指,应用不定冠词;extension的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
7.on/upon 本题考查介词。focus后常接介词on/upon,表示“关注……”。
8.showed 本题考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语;结合文章的主体时态及前面的said可知,此处应填showed。
9.to reflect 本题考查不定式作目的状语。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,这里应用不定式作目的状语,故填to reflect。
10.cultural 本题考查形容词。根据语境并分析句子成分可知,这里是作significance的定语,故填cultural。Part 2 Listening and Talking,Reading for
Writing,Assessing Your Progress
1.主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习。
2.语篇类型:应用文。
3.课文内容分析:
此部分阅读内容是三名网友对Wang Le在网上提出的“英语学习最大的困难是什么”这一问题的回答。在语言运用上,三段网络跟帖语言简洁,用词灵活,比较随意,个性化强。每一位跟帖者不仅提出自己的问题,还有针对性地回答了前一位网友提到的困惑,旨在给具有同样困惑的同学以启发。
Wang Le’s question:What are your biggest problems with learning English
Liu Wen
Jia Xin
Li Rui has trouble in 7. and doesn’t know 8. .
答案:1.listening to native English speakers 2.English radio programmes 3.compare his pronunciation with the radio host’s 4.being polite in English 5.longer requests 6.more polite phrases 7.remembering new vocabulary 8.how to use them properly
1....our relationship is close and we’re equals,so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.(教材第66页)
……这是因为我们关系密切,彼此平等,因此我只需说几个字,就能消除我们之间的距离。
◆equal n.同等的人;相等物
adj.相同的;同样的
She divided the apple into four equal parts.
她把苹果分成四等份。
Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.
曲折离奇的故事结局给读者的喜悦是无与伦比的。
单句语法填空
①I think he is quite equal the job.
②As far as I’m concerned,all the people must be treated (equal) in education.
③I don’t think he is equal to (do) this kind of work.
答案:①to ②equally ③doing
2.But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me,I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question,not a demand...(教材第66页)
但是,如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话,那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句,而不是一个要求……
◆demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要vi.查问
Like running,race walking is physically demanding.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C)
正如赛跑一样,竞走对体力的要求是很高的。
The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers’ demands.
经理许诺,他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。
单句语法填空
①They think learning English well is one of the (demand) of modern society.
②The teacher demanded that the students (come) on time to every class.
完成句子
③We just can’t find good enough second-hand cars to (满足我们的需求).
答案:①demands ②(should) come ③meet/satisfy our demands
I used to get high marks in English,but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening.(教材第66页)
以前我的英语成绩还挺好的,但是现在我的英语听力有很大的麻烦。
◆have trouble with sth在(做)某事上有困难
If you have some trouble in getting along with your friends,you can write to them.如果你在与朋友的相处上有困难,你可以给他们写信。
单句语法填空
①He knows little about Russian,so he has some difficulty (communicate) with the natives.
②You can’t imagine what difficulty I have getting used to the new school life.
答案:①communicating ②in
1....our relationship is close and we’re equals,so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.(教材第66页)
……这是因为我们关系密切,彼此平等,所以我只需说几个字,就能消除我们之间的距离。
此句是并列复合句。so连接两个分句:第一个分句中,and连接两个并列句;第二个分句中,不定式短语to bridge the gap between us作目的状语。
2.But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me,I must make my request longer...(教材第66页)
但是,如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话,那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些……
此句是主从复合句。在从句if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me中含有who引导的定语从句。
1.Does the writer give a clear description of the problem (教材第67页)
作者是否清楚地描述了这个问题
◆description n.描写(文字);形容
He gave us a short description of the city.他给我们简短地介绍了这个城市。
It is difficult to describe how I feel now.很难形容我现在的感受。
单句语法填空
①The beautiful sight of Qingdao is beyond (describe).
②He gave us a clear description the accident.
答案:①description ②of
2.Does each sentence relate to the main idea (教材第67页)
每句话都与主旨有关吗
◆relate vt.联系;讲述
He later related the whole story to me.他后来给我讲了整件事的来龙去脉。
I have a lot to say in relation to this affair.关于这件事,我有很多话要说。
单句语法填空
①It is said that the short film is mainly (relate) to the development of our school.
②We are interested only in what relates ourselves.
③What he says bears no (relate) to what he does.
答案:①related ②to ③relation
Write a blog about English study
1.文体类型:博文,属于应用文范畴。
2.要点内容:
(1)Wang Le同学发帖提出问题“What are your biggest problems with learning English ”;
(2)几名同学在后面的跟帖中分别提出自己在学英语中碰到的最大问题。
首段常用句式:
I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble doing...
You have asked for my advice on...and I will try to make some suggestions.
中段常用句式:
I’d like to suggest that...
To start with,...
Last but not least,...
尾段常用句式:
I hope these suggestions will be of great use to you.
I sincerely hope my advice will help you.
请你以“How to Learn English Well”为题写一篇英语博文,谈谈怎样才能学好英语。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. n.态度;看法
2. n.词汇
3. n.经典作品;名著
4. 观点;看法
答案:1.attitude 2.vocabulary 3.classic
4.point of view
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.大家都知道,学好英语很重要。
Everybody knows that to learn English well.
2.首先,我们应该对英语学习持积极的态度。
To begin with,we should towards English study.
3.在课堂上,我们应该认真听讲,记笔记,积极回答老师的问题。
In class,we should listen to the teacher carefully, and answer the teacher’s questions actively.
4.在我看来,观看英语电影也是一个不错的选择。
,watching English movies is also a good choice.
5.它有助于提高我们的口语水平,开阔我们的视野。
It can help improve our spoken English and .
6.扩大我们的词汇量是非常有必要的。
is definitely necessary.
7.只有这样我们才能取得英语学习的巨大进步。
We can make great progress in English .
答案:1.it is of great importance 2.take a positive attitude 3.take notes 4.From my point of view 5.broaden our horizons 6.Enlarging our vocabulary 7.only in this way
1.第1句可以用as引导的非限制性定语从句进行升级。
2.第7句可以用倒装句式进行升级。
答案:1.As everybody knows,it is of great importance to learn English well.
2.Only in this way can we make great progress in English.
How to Learn English well
As everybody knows,it is of great importance to learn English well.Then,how to improve our English My suggestions are as follows.
To begin with,we should take a positive attitude towards English study.In class,we should listen to the teacher carefully,take notes and answer the teacher’s questions actively.From my point of view,watching English movies is also a good choice,which can help improve our spoken English and broaden our horizons.Besides,enlarging our vocabulary is definitely necessary.Most importantly,we shouldn’t be afraid of speaking English in front of others or making mistakes.Only in this way can we make great progress in English.
If we can do so,there is no doubt that we will have a good command of English.
假设你是李华,你的英语成绩非常棒,你被邀请在学校论坛上介绍一下你学习英语的情况。
要点如下:
1.学英语六年多,起初发音不好,语法规则弄不懂,后来取得进步;
2.体会:要学好英语非下苦功不可;
3.建议。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
One possible version:
It has been over 6 years since I began to study English.At first,English was really a headache for me,because I couldn’t pronounce words well or understand the grammar.With the help of my teachers and classmates,I made rapid progress later.Now I have a good knowledge of English.
My experience has taught me that one’s effort is the most important thing for learning English.We must do more listening and speaking in and out of class.Besides,reading more and writing more are also of great importance.
From my point of view,there are no shortcuts to English learning.Only with our hard work can we get better at it.
课时作业(十二) UNIT 5 Part 2
Ⅰ.语境填词
1. (compare) with Tom,I am proud of what I did.
2.Having a good knowledge of English (mean) we can see the world through a new window.
3.Faced with so many new things to learn,I was at a loss what (do) next.
4.In my opinion,nobody but him is equal the job,for he has good skills in it.
5.They had to struggle their lives against weather and wild animals.
6.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is inappropriate human activities that have caused this (globe) warming.
7.Our (tongue)are used for eating and speaking.
8.He likes to take subway to work.
9.We agreed never to refer the matter again.
10.China is now playing a great role in international (affair).
答案:1.Compared 2.means 3.to do 4.to 5.for 6.global 7.tongues 8.the 9.to
10.affairs
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.They are (有……麻烦) the new car,which makes them angry.
2.As a matter of fact, (学生越受鼓励,他越努力学习).
3.It is difficult for me (习惯新的学校生活).
4. (很荣幸) for me to share my opinions with you on how to learn English.
答案:1.having trouble with
2.the more a student is encouraged,the harder he will learn
3.to get used to the new school life
4.It is a great honour
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
People from Britain and Ireland first came to live in Australia in 1788.They brought different dialects(方言)of English with them.These different kinds of English began to mix and change.The newcomers soon began to speak with their own typical accent(口音) and vocabulary.More and more people came to Australia during the Gold Rush in the 19th and 20th centuries.Some came from Britain and Ireland;others came from non-English speaking countries.Australian English continued to grow and change.
Australian English has also been influenced by American English.During the Second World War,there were many American soldiers staying in Australia.More importantly,American television shows and music have been popular in Australia since the 1950s.
Australians use many words that other English speakers do not use.The famous Australian greeting,for example,is G’day! A native “forest” is called “the bush” and “central Australia” is called “the outback”.Many words were brought to Australia from Britain and Ireland.For example,“mate” means “friend”,and it is still used in Britain.Some of these words have changed in meaning.Some words have come from Australian original languages,many of which are names for animals,plants and places,like “dingo” and “kangaroo”.
Australian spelling comes from British spelling.In words like “organise” and “realise”,-ise is the expected and taught spelling method.In words like “colour” and “favourite”,-our is the normal,but nouns such as the “Labor Party” and “Victor Harbor” are spelled with -or.“Program”,on the other hand,is more common than “programme”.
There are also differences in the definition(定义) of words Australians use in different parts of the country.For example,football means “rugby” in New South Wales and Queensland,but “Australian rules football” in everywhere else in Australia.In New South Wales,a swimming costume is called a “cossie” or “swimmers”,while in Queensland it is called “togs” and “bathers” in Victoria.
1.According to the passage,which of the following is spoken only by Australians
A.Mate. B.Outback.
C.Program. D.Rugby.
2.What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A.The same word might have different meanings in different parts of Australia.
B.There are different expressions about sports in Australia.
C.Australian rules football is the most popular sport in Australia.
D.Australians are fond of sports and games.
3.What might be the best title for the text
A.The History of Australia
B.The Development of Australian English
C.The Birth of Australian English
D.Different Kinds of English Across the World
语篇导读:这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了澳大利亚英语的来历。1788年,来自英国和爱尔兰的人们第一次来到澳大利亚居住。他们中的许多人来自伦敦这样的大城市,他们带来了许多不同种类的英语,这些不同种类的英语开始混合和变化,新来的人很快就开始用他们自己特有的口音和词汇来说话了。阅读本文,有利于增强学生对澳大利亚英语的了解。
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。本题考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“A native ‘forest’ is called ‘the bush’ and ‘central Australia’ is called the ‘outback’.”可知澳大利亚人会说outback,故选B项。
2.A 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段的第一句“There are also differences in the definition (定义) of words Australians use in different parts of the country.”可知,澳大利亚人在不同地区使用的词语的定义也有差异,即同一个单词可能在澳大利亚不同的地区有不同的含义,故选A。
3.B 主旨大意题。本题考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。通读全文可知,自1788年以来,不同地区的人们来到澳大利亚,带来了许多不同种类的英语,各种不同的英语开始混合和变化,最后,形成了澳大利亚英语。故选B项。
B
Compared to saving the rainforests,or helping pandas to produce young,linguistic ecology (语言生态) might not seem very exciting.One language is becoming extinct every fortnight—so what “Why should we care ” is a common reaction.Here are a few reasons why you should.
Identity:Many speakers of minority languages are fiercely proud of their language.Language forms an important part of anyone’s identity.Nerys Jenkins in Belfast says,“Telling me not to speak Welsh would be like telling me not to breathe:I just couldn’t do it.” To let someone’s language die out is to let part of their identity die too.
Culture:Language is connected with culture—if a nation loses a language,it may also lose its links with a tradition of jokes,music and literature.Elizabeth MacDonald from Arisaig says Scottish Gaelic is “...our language,the most important part of an ancient culture.It is a culture rich in story,song and poetry,beloved of those familiar with it.”
Knowledge:Languages harbour all kinds of human knowledge—including useful biological or medical information that we might not find out about otherwise.In the Micmac language,for example,trees are named after the sound they make in the wind.The names change as the sounds change,so,if an elderly Micmac speaker remembers that a certain kind of tree used to have one name,but is now called something else,this can show the effects of acid rain on that species.Lose Micmac and you will lose that understanding.
Of the 6,000 or so languages in the world,more than half are expected to die within the next century,and many more are disappearing.It’s estimated (估计) that two languages die out every month.It’s easy to think of dying and extinct languages as just facts and figures,but behind every one,there are real people.The online Ethnologue database,for example,says of one Syrian language:“The last speaker died in 1998.His daughter knows Mlahs well,but is nearly deaf and has no one to speak it to.”
4.What do Nerys Jenkins’s words suggest
A.He takes pride in his language.
B.He doesn’t know other languages.
C.He can’t find his identity in Wales.
D.He’ll die if not allowed to speak Welsh.
5.What do we know about language from Paragraph 3
A.It builds a nation’s spirit.
B.It forms a nation’s tradition.
C.It keeps people in touch with culture.
D.It connects people from different nations.
6.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Mlahs is no longer in existence.
B.The extinction of languages matters little.
C.Languages die with the disappearance of facts.
D.Languages are disappearing at a surprising speed.
语篇导读:这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了各种语言在现实生活中的作用和面临的危机——有些语言正在以惊人的速度消失。阅读本文,有利于增强学生保护语言的意识。
答案及剖析:
4.A 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第二段中的“Many speakers of minority languages are fiercely proud of their language.”和“Telling me not to speak Welsh would be like telling me not to breathe:I just couldn’t do it.” 可推知,Nerys Jenkins为自己的语言感到骄傲。故选A。
5.C 细节理解题。本题考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Language is connected with culture—if a nation ... a tradition of jokes,music and literature.”可知,语言使人们与文化保持联系。故选C。
6.D 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“Of the 6,000 or so languages in the world... estimated (估计) that two languages die out every month.”可知,在下个世纪,预计世界上大约6 000种语言中,会有一半以上将消失,并且更多的语言正在消失。据估计,每个月都会有两种语言消失。由此可推知,语言正在以惊人的速度消失。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Hansen and his 10-year-old son Chase search the streets of Salt Lake City every weekend for the homeless to take to lunch.They started Project Empathy (同情) four years ago to 1 a meal,listen to their stories and figured out how they could 2 help.
“Just start with a smile,a hello.It really just starts with that.If you do it,you can make a connection.A small gesture can have a 3 impact on others less fortunate,” Hansen 4 in an interview.
Some of these shared meals have turned into stronger 5 .Ward,a homeless,was 6 in a flat.He credited the Hansens with helping him 7 the difficult process of moving off the streets.“It is great to have friends who make us feel 8 and I’m impressed with the pair,” Ward said.
Father and son’s 9 have developed into a passion project that 10 faith and community,which emphasizes the 11 community members can have in uplifting the homeless.They know they can’t settle the homeless 12 alone.They’re hoping Project Empathy will 13 .“My hope for the future is to 14 more connection across our country.We could and we will succeed 15 we have other people join in and help the homeless,” Chase said.
1.A.buy B.cook
C.share D.eat
2.A.often B.further
C.also D.even
3.A.dramatic B.different
C.minimum D.decisive
4.A.remarked B.praised
C.joked D.quoted
5.A.desires B.connections
C.motivations D.opinions
6.A.provided B.permitted
C.abandoned D.housed
7.A.through B.for
C.despite D.to
8.A.surprised B.relaxed
C.awesome D.calm
9.A.dreams B.influences
C.experiences D.efforts
10.A.assesses B.compares
C.highlights D.respects
11.A.importance B.task
C.chance D.role
12.A.argument B.problem
C.debt D.conflict
13.A.go away B.catch on
C.fade out D.give off
14.A.spread B.miss
C.exchange D.maintain
15.A.before B.if
C.until D.so
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了Hansen和十岁的儿子Chase创建了Project Empathy组织,与无家可归的人一起进餐,倾听他们,从而进一步帮助他们。阅读本文,有利于培养学生乐于助人的意识。
[文章脉络]
答案及剖析:
1.C 根据下文的“Some of these shared meals have turned into stronger...”可知,此处表示“与他们共同(share)进餐”。
2.B 根据语境及下文内容的表述可知,这里指的是“进一步(further)帮助他们”。
3.A 一个小小的动作就可以对那些不幸的人产生巨大的(dramatic)影响。
4.A 这里的意思是Hansen在一次采访中评论道(remarked)。
5.B 根据上文提到的“If you do it,you can make a connection.”可知答案。这里表示的是“与这些人共同进餐能够使得关系(connections)变得更为亲密”。
6.D 结合下文的描述可知,这里指的是Ward被帮助安排住在一套公寓里。house意为“给(某人)提供住处”。
7.A 无家可归的Ward住在一套公寓里。他感谢Hansen一家帮助他度过了街头流浪的艰难历程。此处help...through表示“帮助度过……”。
8.C 有朋友让“我们”感觉很棒(awesome),“我”对这对搭档印象深刻。
9.D 结合上文的描述可知,这里指的是父子两人的共同努力(efforts)。
10.C 此处的highlights与空后的emphasizes表示相同含义。
11.D have/play a/the role in doing sth表示“在……方面扮演角色”。
12.B
13.B 他们知道自己不可能解决无家可归的问题(problem)。他们希望Project Empathy项目能继续下去(catch on)。
14.A 此处表示“我希望未来我们国家会更多地传递(spread)这种人与人之间的紧密联系”。结合句意,同时根据上文中提到的“They’re hoping Project Empathy will...”和空后一句可知答案。
15.B 如果(if)有其他人加入帮助无家可归者的行列中来,“我们”就会成功。
核心素养提升(Unit 5)
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
高考主播音频
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where are the man’s sunglasses probably ( B )
A.In his bag.
B.On the table.
C.In the woman’s bag.
2.How does the man like living in the centre of town ( B )
A.He doesn’t like living there.
B.He thinks it’s convenient.
C.He thinks it’s noisy.
3.What is the date today ( C )
A.May 8th. B.May 7th.
C.May 6th.
4.Who will the birthday party be held for ( A )
A.Ted. B.Paul. C.Lisa.
5.What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers ( A )
A.Friends.
B.Husband and wife.
C.Teacher and student.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What are the speakers mainly talking about ( C )
A.Which food went bad.
B.What the woman had for dinner.
C.Why the woman got a stomachache.
7.What does the man think causes
the problem ( C )
A.The cake. B.The pizza.
C.The sandwich.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.What does the man do now ( C )
A.A cleaner. B.A repairman.
C.An electrician.
9.What is the man’s attitude towards his job ( B )
A.Exhausted. B.Satisfied.
C.Disappointed.
10.Who will the man pay medical benefits for ( A )
A.His wife. B.His son.
C.Himself.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.How does the man usually have dinner ( A )
A.He eats out.
B.He cooks himself.
C.His mother cooks.
12.What food does the man seldom have at home ( C )
A.Chinese food. B.Thai food.
C.Australian food.
13.What Australian food does the man think is interesting ( B )
A.The meat pie.
B.The kangaroo meat.
C.The tomato sauce.
听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。
14.What does the man plan to do ( C )
A.Learn French.
B.Visit China.
C.Interview his neighbors.
15.What parts of Chinese culture will the man study ( A )
A.Food and holidays.
B.Music and education.
C.Language and traditions.
16.When is the homework due ( B )
A.In a week. B.In two weeks.
C.In three weeks.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.What is the speaker doing now ( A )
A.Having an interview.
B.Giving a speech.
C.Performing in a play.
18.What did the speaker do in Beijing ( A )
A.He attended some packaging exhibitions.
B.He visited some big factories and companies.
C.He studied at a famous college.
19.Which aspect is mentioned by the speaker ( C )
A.His work experience.
B.His work plan.
C.His major.
20.What does the speaker learn through college life ( B )
A.The domestic packaging industry.
B.The balance between his study and life.
C.The management of packaging company.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
M:Oh no.I can’t find my sunglasses!Are they in your bag
W:They were,but I took them out this morning and put them on the table.
(Text 2)
M:I really like living here in this department because it’s in the centre of town and convenient.
W:That’s true.But it gets really noisy at night.
(Text 3)
M:I need to get these pants shortened.Can I get them back the day after tomorrow on Wednesday,May 8th
W:I’m not sure.We’re pretty busy this week.But we’ll try.
(Text 4)
W:Hey,Paul!This weekend I’m having a birthday party for Ted.I’d like you to come.
M:Thanks for the invitation,Lisa.I’d love to come.See you then!
(Text 5)
M:Hi,Laura.Very glad to see you here.
W:Hi,Tim,I’m glad to see you here,too.
M:Your bike is so beautiful.Where was it made
W:In China.
第二节
(Text 6)
M:Angela,how are you
W:I’m not that great.I’ve a terrible pain in my stomach.
M:Maybe it’s from something you ate.Did you have some of that pizza leftovers from last week
W:No,but I had some of the cake that Aunt Mary brought at the weekend.
M:So did I and I feel fine,so I don’t think it could be that.
W:Now I remember!Yesterday afternoon I was in town shopping and I bought a chicken sandwich because I felt hungry.
M:Hum,that must be it.
(Text 7)
M:Kate,I got a job at United Electrical!And the salary is good.
W:Great!What do you do there
M:I work on new homes.I do the wiring,you know,lights,doorbells...
W:How’s your boss
M:He’s nice but strict.He’s clear about exactly what to do.
W:Sounds like you found a really good job.
M:Yeah,so far everything’s fine.My only problem is medical benefits.They’re just for me and my little boy.I have to pay extra for my wife.
(Text 8)
W:So,Edwin,do you usually cook for yourself or do you eat outside
M:I usually eat outside because I’m a very terrible cook.
W:So,back at home,how’s it done
M:My mum usually cooks.She usually cooks Chinese food and Thai food.We rarely eat Australian food at home because Australian food is pretty boring.
W:If you do eat any Australian food,what kind of food do you eat
M:I guess it would be the meat pie.A lot of kids eat it in high school during lunch with tomato sauce.But an interesting Australian dish would be the kangaroo meat.
I’ve had that a couple of times.It tastes really good.Have you tried kangaroo meat
W:Never.I don’t eat all kinds of meat.I eat chicken only.
(Text 9)
M:Mrs Barrow Could you please tell me what I missed last week
W:You need to give the class a presentation on a foreign culture.
M:That’s easy.My family is French.
W:I’m sorry.It must be different from your own.
M:Do you have any suggestions on where I should start
W:Well,you need to choose a culture.Then you need to find someone to interview.
M:Our new neighbours just moved here from China three weeks ago.I can interview them!
W:That’s a good idea.Then,you need to choose two parts of that culture you want to study.
M:I understand.I’ll ask them about what they eat,and what kind of holidays they celebrate.
W:Sure.It can also be differences in language,music,or sport.It’s up to you.You have two weeks to complete your homework.Good luck!
(Text 10)
M:Good morning,ladies and gentlemen.My name is Jack.It is really a great honour to have this opportunity for an interview.I would be happy to answer whatever questions you may have.First,please allow me to introduce myself.I am 21 years old,from Sichuan Province,and I am currently a senior student at Sichuan University.My major is packaging engineering.I will get my bachelor’s degree after I graduate in June.I have been looking for a good chance to put my ability to good use and I believe this is the perfect opportunity.
Over the past four years,I have acquired a basic knowledge of packaging and publishing,both the theoretical and practical sides.Furthermore,I have attended several packaging exhibitions held in Beijing,which is one of the advantages of working here.I have also toured some big factories and companies and through these I have a deep understanding of the domestic packaging industry.I will work hard in this field and build upon my earlier studies.Through college life,I’ve learned how to balance life and study and can manage my time well.
I am confident that I am qualified for this position in your company.I firmly believe that my ability will contribute to your company if I succeed in getting this job.Thank you.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
As is known to all,“I am sorry” is the phrase we hear most in daily communication in Britain.What does it mean Does it always mean you apologise (道歉) for what you have done wrong Let us review a scene happening in a British street one day.
A young man walked down a road playing with his smart phone when a lady came over in his opposite direction.The man failed to give his way to the lady in time.As a result,he bumped (碰撞) into the lady.As a rule in most places,the man must say “I am sorry” first,because he was so busy playing with his smart phone that he got in the way of the lady.However,both the persons apologised to each other by saying “I am sorry”. Why is this the case As a matter of fact,the phrase “I am sorry” takes on another meaning in Britain.Anyone should speak to the other this way if either of them creates inconvenience (不便).The apology is just a way to avoid unnecessary fights between them.
Another cultural difference about “I am sorry” can also be found at British restaurants.Supposing an old woman says to a waiter in a pub (酒馆),“I am sorry,but can I order another drink ” This time you must realise it doesn’t mean she apologises to the waiter for what she has done wrong,but means she really needs the waiter to do something for her.
21.The young man was when he bumped into the lady.
A.answering a call
B.playing with his smart phone
C.dancing along the road
D.playing football with his friends by the roadside
22.The old woman in the pub wants to the waiter by saying “I am sorry.”
A.apologise to
B.ask for help from
C.treat
D.play a joke on
23.What is the main idea of the passage
A.Don’t play with smart phones on the road.
B.We should learn to be a person with good manners.
C.How to order a drink successfully in a British pub.
D.We can find cultural difference in daily English communication.
语篇导读:这是一篇说明文。文章主要以“I am sorry.(对不起。)”为例,向我们介绍了在不同的文化中,日常英语交际用语使用的差异。本文有利于增强学生对文化差异的了解,培养跨文化交际意识。
答案及剖析:
21.B 细节理解题。本题考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“A young man walked down a road playing... he bumped (碰撞) into the lady.”可知,当男人撞到那位女士时,他正忙着玩智能手机。故选B项。
22.B 细节理解题。本题考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段关键句“This time you must realise ... needs the waiter to do something for her.”可知,酒吧里的老妇人对服务员说“对不起”是想向服务员寻求帮助。故选B项。
23.D 主旨大意题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。文章主要以“I am sorry.(对不起。)”为例,向我们介绍了在不同的文化中,日常英语交际用语使用的差异。在中国,它用于做错事时的道歉用语,但在英国,它可能是为了避免不必要的争斗或寻求别人帮助时的礼貌用语。“We can find cultural difference in daily English communication.”意为:“在日常英语交际中,我们可以发现文化差异。”符合文章主旨。故选D项。
B
People often ask me for suggestions about how to learn English.As for it,everyone is different.I’ll share some of my experience.I once took a school English course for one year in Wuhan University,but I mostly learned English on my own.
One thing I can tell you is that,once you start learning,you should try to think in English as much as you can.If you see something when you’re riding your bike or walking down the street,just think about “How would I say them in English ” At first,it might be with simple words or phrases,but later you should think about longer phrases and sentences.Now I am in England,and for most of the time,I would think in English and speak it directly.It is amazing how much this helps.
For several years after I started learning,I was often afraid of talking with others in English because I did not want to make mistakes.Finally I got it over.And while travelling in England,I’d try to hang out with friends who couldn’t speak Chinese,so that I’d have no choice but to speak English.And I also decided that if I said something stupid and other people laughed at me,then so be it.After that,my English started improving much more quickly.
Besides,it may be a good idea to ask your English friends to look at the way you’re writing,and give you some suggestions for improvement.
24.How long did the author learn English in Wuhan University
A.A week. B.A month.
C.A term. D.A year.
25.What is the good way to improve your English according to the author
A.Reading English books.
B.Thinking in English.
C.Watching English films.
D.Learning English grammar.
26.Where did the author improve his English quickly
A.In England.
B.In China.
C.In the university.
D.In the middle school.
27.What is the best title for the text
A.My University Life
B.British English
C.My English Learning Experience
D.The Importance of Learning English
语篇导读:这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者学习英语的经历和体验。本文有利于增强学生对英语学习的认识。
答案及剖析:
24.D 细节理解题。本题考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“I once took a school English course for one year in Wuhan University”可知,作者在武汉学习了一年的英语。故选D。
25.B 细节理解题。本题考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“One thing I can tell you is that,once ... as much as you can.”可知,作者认为学习英语的好方式之一是“用英语思考”。故选B。
26.A 细节理解题。本题考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据倒数第二段中的“And while travelling in England,I’d try to hang out ... have no choice but to speak English.”及“After that,my English started improving much more quickly.”可知,在英国,作者的英语水平得到了迅速的提高。故选A。
27.C 主旨大意题。本题考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。根据第一段中的“People often ask me for suggestions ... share some of my experience.”可知,人们经常问“我”如何学习英语的建议。至于英语学习的经验,每个人是不同的。“我”将分享一些我的经验。下文中,作者介绍了他在英国学习英语的经历和体验。由此可知,C.My English Learning Experience(我的英语学习经历)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
C
“Hello” is a relatively new greeting.It first appeared sometime in the mid-1800s,but many people would not have dreamed of using it.“Hello” was considered a very impolite way to greet someone.Instead,people used formal expressions like “How do you do ”
Back then,there were several words that sounded like “hello”,but they were used to get someone’s attention or to express surprise.For example,if you caught your little brother stealing your snack,you might have said,“Halloa there! Stop eating my cheese!” If you found a fly in your soup,you might have shouted,“Hullo! How did that get in there ”
Everything started to change in 1876,when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.The first telephones didn’t have numbers you could dial,nor did they have bells or ringers.Instead,your telephone sent signals along telephone lines to a central office where an operator would answer by saying something like “Are you there,sir ” or “What is wanted ” The operator would then connect your phone to the phone of the person you wanted to reach.There was just one small problem: Since telephones didn’t ring,how would the person you were calling know that you were “on the line” The answer was that you would yell(大喊) into your phone and hope someone on the other end heard you.But what would you yell And what would the person you were calling say when they were going to answer Bell suggested “Ahoy! Ahoy!” but it didn’t catch on.Then the famous inventor Thomas Edison suggested the word hello.That caught on right away.
“Hello” became so popular that by 1878 telephone operators were required to use it.In fact,operators received the nickname (绰号) “Hello Girls”. Soon,“hello” became not just the standard way to answer the phone,but an accepted way to greet people in person.
28.Why was “hello” seldom used when it first appeared
A.It was too informal.
B.It was hard to pronounce.
C.It was considered to be rude.
D.There were other words like “hello”.
29.“Hullo” was used to show something .
A.interesting B.exciting
C.boring D.unexpected
30.Paragraph 3 is mainly about .
A.how “hello” was used to answer the telephone
B.the friendship between Bell and Edison
C.the invention of the telephone
D.how the telephone improved
31.We can infer from the text that .
A.“hello” got popular as soon as the telephone was invented
B.the telephone has changed the way people speak
C.people liked simple expressions like “hello”
D.Bell advised girls to use “hello”
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了“Hello”一词的由来。本文有利于增强学生对“Hello”一词的了解。
答案及剖析:
28.C 细节理解题。本题考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“It first appeared sometime in the mid-1800s,but ... a very impolite way to greet someone.”可知,“hello”刚开始出现时很少被使用,是因为它被认为是粗鲁的。故选C。
29.D 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第二段中的“If you found a fly in your soup,you might have shouted,‘Hullo! How did that get in there ’”可知,“Hullo”用来表示意想不到的事情。故选D。
30.A 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段中的“And what would the person you were calling ... the word hello.That caught on right away.”可知,第三段主要是关于如何用 “hello”来接电话。故选A。
31.B 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的 “‘Hello’ became so popular that by 1878 telephone operators ... an accepted way to greet people in person.”可知,电话改变了人们说话的方式。故选B。
D
Being deaf in a hearing world can lead to painful feelings of isolation
(孤独).
Waitress Kelsey recently shared an experience on a social media sharing site that quickly zoomed (陡然上升) to the top of the “front page of the Internet”.In her brief post,Kelsey explained that she waited tables at a bar during the evenings,and one night she noticed a deaf man sitting alone in her section (区域).
When Kelsey wasn’t working at the bar,she made a good hourly pay doing sign language interpretation (翻译),so she sensed an opportunity to use her skill to make this customer feel a little less lonely in the world.She approached his table and began chatting with him in sign language.
When the table next to his noticed their silent conversation,they asked Kelsey how long she’d been signing.They had a brief conversation about her goal of becoming certified (合格的) to interpret sign language in a medical or mental health setting.She didn’t think much about the whole exchange until the customers had left the restaurant and she was tidying up the tables.There,on the table of the customers who’d seen her American sign language conversation with the deaf man,was a handwritten note on the receipt.
“Thank you for what you do; it absolutely matters!” the note said.“Good luck with finishing your degree!” Not only that,but they’d left her a $100 tip.
Kelsey was moved by the kind note,especially because she wasn’t doing anything out of the ordinary.To her,she was just conversing with someone in a language that only they understood.Yet to the deaf man and the people seated next to him
she’d bridged a gap and helped someone who probably feels lonely a lot of the time.
Kelsey shared the note on the Internet to spread more love and light in the world.
32.What do we know about Kelsey’s work at the bar
A.It is her part-time job.
B.It goes beyond her ability.
C.It requires her to work all day long.
D.It offers her a chance to learn sign language.
33.What can we infer about the deaf man
A.He left Kelsey $100 as a tip.
B.He could use sign language.
C.He found it hard to communicate with Kelsey.
D.He was a friend of the customers at the next table.
34.What did the people at the table next to the deaf man think of Kelsey
A.She is wasting time working as a waitress.
B.She needs to study further for a degree.
C.She should use the Internet as a tool.
D.She is so kind to serve those in need.
35.What lesson can we learn from Kelsey’s experience
A.Practice makes perfect.
B.It is never too late to learn.
C.Kindness is repaid with kindness.
D.When in Rome,do as Romans do.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了手语翻译 Kelsey在酒吧兼职,用手语跟顾客交流时感动了邻桌顾客而为其留下100美元小费的故事。本文有利于学生增强对手语的认识,培养学生助人为乐的精神。
答案及剖析:
32.A 细节理解题。本题考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“When Kelsey wasn’t working at the bar... customer feel a little less lonely in the world.”可知,这份酒吧工作是Kelsey的兼职工作。故选A。
33.B 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段中的“She approached his table and began chatting with him in sign language.”可知,她走近他的桌子,开始用手语和他聊天。由此可推知,那名顾客也会手语。故选B。
34.D 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第五段中的“‘Thank you for what you do; it absolutely matters!’ the note said.”可知,“‘谢谢你所做的一切,这绝对重要!’字条上写着”。由此可知,这桌客人认为Kelsey为有需要的人提供服务,很善良。故选D。
35.C 推理判断题。本题考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据倒数第三段中的“Not only that,but they’d left her a $100 tip.”结合上文,可知Kelsey 与客人手语交流,邻桌客人为其留下100美元小费,说明了好心有好报的道理。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A good relationship between students and teachers makes the classroom a very inviting place.
When you like your teachers,it’s easier to pay attention to their explanations and improve your marks.36. When your teachers consider you to be a friend,
they’ll feel more open in class and that will probably influence the classroom in a positive way.Now here are some tips to develop a friendly relationship with your teachers:
Ask questions.37. Show them that you’re interested in their subjects.That will make them notice you.But never ask questions that you already know the answers to.If your teachers realise that you are not asking real questions,they might think that you’re not actually trying to learn,but only trying to make an impression.
38. When you see one of your teachers in the hall,greet him/her and ask if he/she is going to that concert or if he/she has seen that movie.39. Some teachers don’t like to have friendly relationships with students,but most of them are happy to chat with their students.After a while,they may start to talk with you about non-school subjects in the classroom.
The rest is totally up to you; it is very easy to develop a friendly relationship with any of your teachers.If you want to be friends with your teachers,just treat them as friends,but don’t forget that no matter how good friends you are,40.
A.Talk about non-school subjects.
B.Choose the right subjects.
C.That way you’ll show that you consider him/her as a friend.
D.If you have any questions about that subject,ask them.
E.they will still be your teachers and deserve your respect.
F.we should obey whatever they ask and finish our homework on time.
G.When you consider your teachers as friends,you’ll certainly have more respect for them.
语篇导读:这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了良好的师生关系是非常重要的,给学生一些关于怎样和老师建立良好的关系的建议。本文有利于帮助学生学习如何建立和谐的师生关系。
答案及剖析:
36.G 本题考查学生理解篇章内句间衔接关系的能力。根据下文的“When your teachers consider you to be a friend,they’ll feel... influence the classroom in a positive way.”可推知,此处是说老师和学生换位思考,分析选项可知G选项在结构上与下文相对应,且表示“当你把老师当作朋友时,你肯定会更尊重他们”。代入文章语义通顺,故选G项。
37.D 本题考查学生理解段内衔接关系的能力。根据本段主题句Ask questions.(提问题。)可对应到D选项“如果你对那个科目有任何问题,可询问他们”符合语境,故选D项。
38.A 本题考查学生理解段落主题句与段内衔接关系的能力。根据下文的“When you see one of your teachers ... if he/she has seen that movie.”可知,音乐会和电影都是与学校无关的话题,可推知上文是建议“谈论非学校话题”。故选A项。
39.C 本题考查学生理解段内衔接关系的能力。根据上文的“When you see one of your teachers ... if he/she has seen that movie.”可知,在谈论这些与学校无关的话题时,学生是在把老师当作朋友。故可对应到C选项“这样你就会表明你把他/她当作朋友。”其中That way与上文和老师沟通的方式相对应,故选C项。
40.E 本题考查学生理解段内衔接关系的能力。根据上文的“If you want to be friends ... no matter how good friends you are”,but表示语义的转折,可推知无论你和老师是多么好的朋友,他们仍然是你的老师,值得你尊敬。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While some high schools do not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life,college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better:I discovered ASL—American Sign Language (美式手语).
I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before.My entire family is hearing,and so are all my friends.The 44 language was enough in all my interactions (交往).Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL.
The story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club performed their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 46 of communicating without speaking 47 me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.This newness just left me 48 more.
After that,feeling the need to 49 further,I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club’s meetings.I only learned how to 50 the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my 51 progress,I was excited.I then made it a point to attend those meetings and learn all I could.
The following term,I 52 an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was 53 .I soon realised that the silence was not unpleasant.Instead,if there had been any talking,it would have 54 us to learn less.Now,I appreciate the silence and the 55 way of communication it opens.
41.A.searching B.planning
C.natural D.formal
42.A.progress B.experience
C.major D.opinion
43.A.choose B.read
C.learn D.create
44.A.official B.foreign
C.body D.spoken
45.A.love B.concern
C.goal D.request
46.A.idea B.amount
C.dream D.reason
47.A.disturbed B.supported
C.embarrassed D.attracted
48.A.showing B.acting
C.saying D.wanting
49.A.exercise B.explore
C.express D.explain
50.A.print B.write
C.sign D.count
51.A.slow B.steady
C.normal D.obvious
52.A.missed B.passed
C.gave up D.registered for
53.A.prohibited B.welcomed
C.ignored D.repeated
54.A.required B.caused
C.allowed D.expected
55.A.easy B.popular
C.quick D.new
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者开始认识并喜欢上美式手语的故事。本文有利于增强学生对手语的认识。
[文章脉络]
答案及剖析:
41.A 第一句提到了“explore”“exploration”,所以“我”在大学亲身经历了探索的过程。searching和explore为同义词替换,下文的“found”也和searching对应。
42.B 在大学阶段的探索过程中,“我”发现了一些改变了“我”人生经历的事情。
43.C 下文提到作者的家人和朋友的听觉都正常。所以在此之前,作者从来没有觉得有必要去学习手语。
44.D 上文提到朋友和家人的听觉都正常,所以口语足以应付日常的交流。
45.A 上文都在强调手语对作者来说是没有必要的。所以作者从来没想过自己会喜欢上美式手语。以此来形成强烈的反差。
46.A 47.D 全靠手势,而不掺杂语言交流的主意深深地吸引了“我”。
48.D 这种新鲜感让“我”想要更多地了解它。下文的“further”与more为同义词替换。
49.B 上文提到作者仅仅是观看了美式手语的表演,而下文提到作者在那一天学习了怎样用手语表达字母表,这是对美式手语的进一步了解和探索。
50.C 那天“我”仅学会了怎样用手语表达字母表。第一段的“American Sign Language”也给出暗示。
51.A discouraged (使失望;使沮丧)表达的是消极的情感,所以slow progress(缓慢的进步)也表达的是消极的情感。两者在感彩上保持一致,并且与后面的excited形成对比。
52.D 下一学期,作者报名参加了美式手语这门课程。register for注册,报名。
53.A 上文提到教授听不见声音,所以课堂上不允许有任何的语言交流。易错选项为C,ignore意为“无视;不理睬”。教授并不是有意地不理睬学生的谈论,只是他根本听不到。
54.B cause somebody to do something表示“导致某人做某事;给某人造成……的结果”。
55.D 对于作者而言,这种无声的交流方式是全新的体验。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
All through history,people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain.The English language 56. (consist) of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain.That is 57. English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
The development of English experienced three periods—Old English,Middle English and Modern English.From the 5th to the 9th centuries,Britain was occupied by different groups from other countries,which led to Old English 58.
(replace) Celtic.Old English,a 59. (mix) of different languages,differs
60. today’s English.Middle English is the name 61. (give) to the English used from approximately the 12th to the 15th centuries.During this period,French,though it didn’t replace English,still made many 62.
(contribution) to Middle English.Modern English 63. (appear) in the 16th century,which went through many changes during this period.The question of whether English will keep on 64. (change) in the future is easy to answer.
65. is certain that this process will continue.
语篇导读:本文是关于语言学习类短文,介绍了英语有那么多令人困惑的复杂规则的原因,以及英语所经历的三个发展阶段:古英语、中世纪英语和现代英语。本文有利于加强学生对英语的了解。
答案及剖析:
56.consists 本题考查动词的时态。描述英语特点,用一般现在时,主语The English language 为第三人称单数形式,故用consists。
57.why 本题考查连接词。why引导表语从句,句式:That is why...意为“那是……的原因”。
58.replacing 本题考查非谓语动词。lead to sth doing表示“导致某事发生”。Old English与replace之间是主动关系,to是介词,所以用动词-ing形式。
59.mixture 本题考查名词。冠词a后应该用名词形式。
60.from 本题考查介词。differ from表示“不同于”。
61.given 本题考查非谓语动词。 the name与give之间在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用动词的过去分词形式。
62.contributions 本题考查名词。many后用可数名词的复数形式。
63.appeared 本题考查时态。根据时间状语in the 16th century可知,应用一般过去时。
64.changing 本题考查非谓语动词。on是介词,故用动词-ing形式作宾语。
65.It 本题考查形式主语it。分析句子结构可知,It是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是高一新生李华,你在校园网上了解到外国中学生Peter想邀请一名中国学生辅导他学习汉语,你对此很感兴趣。请你用英语给他写一封邮件,表示你愿意教他中文。
要点如下:
1.应邀原因;
2.盼望回复。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I’m Li Hua,a Chinese student.From the school website,I know that you are looking for a Chinese student who can help you learn Chinese.I’m very interested in it because I can not only speak both English and Chinese well but also write them well.
I am glad that you intend to learn Chinese,which has a long and rich history.Learning Chinese language will enable you to know more about Chinese culture.I’m confident that I’m suitable to be your Chinese teacher.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Deep in the forest,my husband and I had fun climbing over and crawling under the downed trees that blocked the dirt path before us.It was May.Yet we walked up a snow-covered hill.When we noticed our jeans were wet up to our knees,it did not dampen our spirits.Not once did we say,“Let’s turn around.”This was our vacation,and we were on an adventure.Little did we know this was the beginning of many more surprises.
The trail was marked as an easy one-kilometre hike yet we were already walking a long distance.Our light-heartedness stopped when we came out into a clearing and saw a parking lot without our rental car in it.As my eyes scanned the surroundings,nothing looked familiar.My heart raced.I realised we were lost in a national park that did not officially open for another week.
Usually,I am the calm one in the relationship,but my husband surprised me with his calmness.This did not comfort me;in fact,it heightened my fear.As we walked,I asked my husband to call for help,but there was no cell-phone signal in this isolated (偏僻的) area.
It was awfully quiet except for our footsteps hitting the road,and my heavy breathing.My husband suggested we conserve energy and walk slower.With each step on the road,my feet and thighs (大腿) hurt while my mind raced with thoughts about people who got lost in the Canadian woods for days.
My vision sharpened.I noticed everything around me:the trees,rocks and snow.I thought we could eat the snow on the ground in case we needed water.For the first time in my life,I was ready and willing to get a ride,but we did not meet with a single car on the road.We focused on each other,made joint decisions and connected through gratitude.We managed to stay on the main road and walked straight on.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
My husband suddenly spotted a small building on a hill in the distance.
Paragraph 2:
Just then,a friendly woman appeared,saying, “Hello.”
[写作指导]
1.阅读文章,掌握主旨方向
2.明确写作思路,确定续写内容
3.汇集故事线索,列出写作要点
4.优化语言,完善续写逻辑
One possible version:
My husband suddenly spotted a small building on a hill in the distance.In no time we found ourselves heading for it.We were filled with hope and excitement to find such a building in the middle of nowhere.We climbed up the hill at a swinging pace as if all the pains were gone.As we approached,a sign came into sight,which read:Administration Office.However,it was not open for business.The empty hall made us nervous all at once.We stood there hopelessly,wondering what to do next.
Just then,a friendly woman appeared,saying, “Hello.”I could barely hold back my enthusiasm and blurted out,“We’re lost!” She comforted us and opened a room for us to take a break.Seeing we were cold and hungry,she treated us with hot chocolate.After studying the map,we figured out that our car was parked over three kilometres away.She offered us a ride back to our car and we accepted gladly.I felt relieved to see our rental car again.What a nice thing to have such an unforgettable experience!
