高考英语一般过去时专项训练（60道单项选择题有解析）
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| 名称 | 高考英语一般过去时专项训练（60道单项选择题有解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-12-14 20:53:58 | ||
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一般过去时
单项选择
1．Hardly_____ to sit and have a rest when the phone________.
A．she had had time; rang B．she had time; had rang
C．had she had time; rang D．did she had time; had rang
2．Not only he but also all his family _______ keen on concerts even when Hitler put the world at risk.
A．was B．were C．is D．are
3．—Why was Professor Johnson unhappy those days
—The only reason was that the theory he stuck to ______ wrong.
A．prove B．proved C．proving D．being proved
4．He insisted that he________ in good health and________ to work there.
A．was; be sent B．is; be sent
C．is; was sent D．was; send
5．— I ________ the dishes for over a week. It’s your turn.
— I ________ you would say something like that.
A．have washed, have known B．have been washing, knew
C．have washed, know D．have been washing, know
6．By the time the civil war ________ between the two parties, most of the people who lived in the countryside had left for another land.
A．had broken out B．had been broken out C．broke out D．was broken out
7．Last time I ________ Anna, she ________ a walk with her husband in the park.
A．saw, was taking B．had seen, was taking
C．had seen, took D．saw, took
8．During the days __________ the tsunami, everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.
A．that followed B．that to follow C．that following D．after which followed
9．─ Why is your English so good, Amy
─ Well, my uncle gives me a hand at home, for he __________ in Australia for ten years in his 30s.
A．has lived B．lived
C．had lived D．has been living
10．—Haven’t you handed in your composition yet
—Yes. I on it for twenty five minutes.
A．had worked B．am working C．would work D．worked
11．He would have written the manager a letter to express his thanks this morning, but he ________.
A．was busy B．is busy C．had been busy D．will be busy
12．My sister’s pale face suggested that she ________seriously ill, and my parents suggested that she ________ to see the doctor immediately.
A．was; go B．were; go C．be; went D．was; went
13．Some animals are in danger of dying out, so it is high time that the government ________ some measures to protect endangered animals.
A．take B．took C．has taken D．will take
14．Susan is a clerk in an IT company now, but she ________ English in a high school for 3 years.
A．teach B．had taught C．have taught D．taught
15．请选出单词过去式全对的一组。
A．became prefered chose drove
B．kept built layed stood
C．spread beat read cost
D．sold hold told stole
16．With the theme “5G+By All For All”, the 2022 World 5G Convention ________ in Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang Province, on Aug 10, 2022.
A．kicked off B．kicks off C．was kicking off D．has kicked off
17．—Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat messages
— Because my phone _________.
A．is dead B．had died C．died D．have died
18．When I was at college I ______ three foreign languages, but I ______ all except for a few words of each.
A．spoke; had forgotten B．spoke; have forgotten
C．had spoken; had forgotten D．had spoken; have forgotten
19．What you said _____ me to death.
A．scared B．were scared C．was scared D．surprised
20．The poor boy, _____ with extraordinary strength, _____ from the ground.
A．filled/rose B．filling/rose C．full/raised D．filled/risen
21．George said he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______.
A．wouldn’t B．hadn’t C．hasn’t D．didn’t
22．The policeman came up to the only house with the door ________, ________ there for a while and then entered it.
A．open; standing B．opening; stood C．open; stood D．opened; standing
23．I jumped with joy when I ______ my driver’s license in the mail.
A．receive B．received C．have received D．would receive
24．Yuan Longping ________ from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.
A．graduated B．graduates C．graduating D．graduate
25．No sooner had we started the class__________an app crash and Classin collapsed.
A．than there came B．than did there come
C．when there was coming D．when came there
26．Dickinson embraced highly unconventional use of punctuation, capitalization, and line breaks, which she insisted
_________crucial to the meaning of the poems.
A．were B．to be C．on being D．should be
27．There ________ six countries in SCO (上合组织) at first, but now the number has increased to eight.
A．is B．are C．were D．will be
28．They don’t live here any longer. They________ to Chengdu last month.
A．move B．moved C．will move D．are moving
29．The four of our club ______ around Sanya for about a month last summer.
A．have travelled B．travelled C．had travelled D．travel
30．Great changes ________since you_______.
A．have taken place, have left
B．have been taken place, have left
C．have taken place, left
31．_____, so I had to wait for my parents back.
A．Leaving my key in the office
B．Because I left my key in the office
C．I left my key in the office
D．My key left in the office
32．The novel has been translated into ten languages since it ________.
A．had come out B．has come out
C．came out D．comes out
33．—You seem to be familiar with Tianjin.
—Yes, I ______ here for 4 years. It’s great to be back again.
A．studied B．have studied C．am studying D．had studied
34．—What’s the weather forecast for tomorrow
—Sorry, I was on the phone and ______ most of it.
A．had missed B．missed C．would miss D．was missing
35．The popularity of The Sonnets which ______ already amongst the best-sellers of Shakespeare in 1609 made him the one of the best English poets.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
36．Studies carried out a decade ago showed 48% of the marriageable in Shanghai ______ in favor of staying single.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
37．Seeing the big snake, the little girl ______ under the tree, ______ out of life.
A．stood; frightened B．stood; was frightened
C．standing; frightened D．standing; was frightening
38．In 2011, of the 16 cyclist deaths in London, nine ________lorries, of which seven were construction vehicles.
A．involving B．involved C．involves D．had involved
39．Mr. White, who ________ in Shanghai for seven years, is a manager of a company in Beijing.
A．worked B．had worked C．was working D．has worked
40．As time ________ by, I gradually adapted myself to the new school life.
A．goes B．going C．went D．has gone
41．Not until I left my parents to study abroad ______ how much I missed them.
A．I realized B．I had realized C．did I realize D．had I realized
42．A fire ______ in his car, which made it ______ on the way.
A．broke out; broken down B．broke out; break down
C．broken out; broken down D．broke down; break out
43．The woman ______ lazily in the armchair under the tree, the sun ________ down through the broad leaves.
A．lay; shone B．laid; shining C．lied; shining D．lay; shining
44．—What did she say to you just now
—She asked me if I knew _______.
A．whose pen is it B．whose pen it was
C．whose pen it is D．whose pen was it
45．The book __________ into thirty languages since it __________ on the market in 1973.
A．has translated, came B．was translated, has come
C．has been translated, came D．has been translated, has come
46．The door bell _________ but nobody answered the door. The thought came to him _________ Mary had probably fallen ill.
A．had been ringing; if B．kept ringing; that
C．had rung; why D．had been rung; 不填
47．Mr. Smith _________ that he had made a mistake and that he had corrected it.
A．accepted B．admitted C．talked D．promised
48．Only when he had done it ______ that he had made a mistake.
A．he then realized B．did he realize C．before he realize D．he realized
49．Regardless of many massive challenges, I ________ die ________ give up.
A．preferred to; rather than B．preferred; rather than
C．would; than D．would to; rather than
50．The fitness room ________ last year is the biggest one in my city, but I ________ to since I ________ ill.
A．being built: haven't been; had been B．having being built; hadn't been; was
C．built; haven't been; was D．built; hadn't been; had been
51．Hardly _____ when she _____ someone knocking at the door.
A．did she sit; heard B．had she sat; heard
C．had she sat; had heard D．did she sit; had heard
52．Not until quite recently________ that how important it is to learn English well.
A．did we realise B．we realised C．had we realised D．we had realised
53．The new department of the organization which________ the existing problems, produced even more troubles however.
A．had intended to have solved B．intended to be solving
C．had been intended to be solving D．intended to have solved
54．________2 gold medals and 5 silver medals in 2016, 2019 and 2020, and it proved its great attention to continuous efforts to strengthen the reputation in the international wine market.
A．The company has won B．Having winning C．Winning D．The company won
55．—He can speak Spanish because he lived in Spain.
—Really How long________ there
A．had he lived B．is he living C．has he lived D．did he live
56．---It’s said that the famous physics professor is now enjoying his retirement.
---Yes. You know, he ______ in this key university for over 40 years.
A．has been working B．worked C．had worked D．was working
57．Jim went to Canada two years ago. He ________ there for a few months and then went to America.
A．works B．worked C．has worked D．is working
58．Normally, I would never do anything like skydiving, but I ________ to give it a try since the lessons were free.
A．decided B．had decided C．would decide D．have decided
59．His parents insisted he ________ badly hurt and that he ________ to hospital immediately.
A．be; was sent B．was; to be sent
C．be; should be sent D．was; be sent
60．We ________ 1000 English words since we ________ to this school.
A．learn, come B．have learning, came
C．have been learning, come D．have learned, came
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：她刚想坐下来休息一会儿，电话就响了。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“主语+had hardly done…when+主语+did”，意为“一……就……”，主句用过去完成时，“Hardly”位于句首，句要用部分倒装，“had”提前，故空格一填“had she had time”，从句用一般过去时，故空格二填“rang”。故选C项。
2．B
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：不仅是他，而且他所有的家人都热衷于音乐会，即使是在希特勒把世界置于危险之中的时候。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据从句 “even when Hitler put the world at risk”可知谓语动词应用一般过去时；not only...but also...连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词采取就近一致原则，即谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致,由此可知，设空处与all his family保持一致；根据句意可知，句中all his family指“他所有的家人”，谓语动词用复数，所以设空处应填were。故选B。
3．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——为什么Johnson教授那些日子不高兴？——唯一的理由是他坚持的理论证明是错的。he stuck to是定语从句，that表语从句中缺少谓语动词，排除C、D项，根据语境，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时态，排除A项，故选B项。
4．A
【详解】考查时态和语态以及虚拟语气。句意：他坚持说他身体很好，并且坚持被派去那里工作。第一空：insist意为“坚持说，坚持认为”时其后宾语从句用陈述语气，主句用的一般过去时，此处也用一般过去时；第二空：insist意为“坚持”时其后从句用虚拟语气，采用“should+动词原形”的形式，其中should可省略，主语he和sent之间是被动关系，用被动语态，应是be sent。故选A项。
5．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：——我洗盘子洗了一周了。该轮到你了。——我知道你就会这样说。根据句意以及句中的时间状语“for over a week”可知第一空表示从过去到现在的一段时间内反复进行的动作或存在的状态，用现在完成进行时；第二句为主从复合句，根据宾语从句的谓语动词“would say”以及语境可知第二空作为主句的谓语动词，应该用一般过去时。故选B。
6．C
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到两党之间爆发内战时，大多数住在农村的人都已移居他乡。根据句意和句子的时态是过去完成时分析句子可知，两党之间爆发内战肯定是过去的事，所以从句应该用一般过去时，排除A项和B项；而从句的主语the civil war和谓语动词break out之间是主动关系，所以应该用主动语态，排除D项。故选C项。
7．A
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上次我看见安娜，她和她的丈夫正在公园散步。由时间状语last time可知第一空为一般过去时；由语意可知，“我”当时看到的情景是安娜和她的丈夫正在公园散步，第二空应用过去进行时。故选A项。
8．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在海啸之后的日子里，幸存者看到的每一个地方都是一片废墟。分析句子结构可知，这里为定语从句，句中先行词为the days，在定语从句中作主语，从句缺少谓语动词。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。故选A。
9．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——艾米，你的英语为什么这么好 ——嗯，我叔叔在家里帮了我的忙，因为他在30多岁的时候在澳大利亚住了10年。由语意可知艾米的叔叔在他三十多岁时曾经在澳大利亚居住过10年，所以此处是对一个过去事实的简单陈述，应用一般过去时。故选B项。
10．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你的作文还没交吗 ——交了。我写了25分钟。根据答语可知，作文已经交了，因此“写了25分钟”是陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时。故选D。
11．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：他本打算今天上午给经理写信表示感谢，但他太忙了。根据句意和句中的this morning可知，本句前半部分是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，but后面是过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时。故选A项。
12．A
【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：我妹妹苍白的脸色表明她病得很重，我父母建议她马上去看医生。suggest表示“暗示，表明”，后接从句应用陈述语气。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时；表示“建议”时，从句用should+动词原形，should可省。故选A。
13．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：一些动物有灭绝的危险，所以是时候采取一些措施来保护濒危动物了。It is high time that....表示“是该做某事的时候了”，从句谓语用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，should不能省略，因此空格处是took，故选B。
14．D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：苏珊现在是一家IT公司的职员，但她曾在一所高中教过三年英语。分析句子可知，在高中教英语是过去的事，所以用一般过去时。故选D项。
15．C
【详解】考查动词的过去式。prefer的过去式为preferred，所以选项A错误，排除选项A；lay的过去式为laid，所以选项B错误，排除选项B；hold的过去式为held，所以选项D错误，排除选项D。选项C中的过去式全部正确。故选C。
16．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：2022年8月10日，以“5G+人人共享”为主题的2022年世界5G大会在黑龙江省会哈尔滨开幕。根据后文on Aug 10, 2022可知应用一般过去时，且为主动关系。故选A。
17．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你为什么没有回复我的微信信息？——因为我的手机没电了。由前文的didn’t可知，讲述过去发生的事情，因此推断“手机没电”是过去的事情，用一般过去时，故选C。
18．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：上大学的时候，我能说三门外语，但现在除了每门语言的几个单词外，我都忘记了。根据时间状语“When I was at college”可知，“能说三门外语”是读大学的时候的事情，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，第一空处用过去式spoke；结合句意可知，“除了每门语言的几个单词外，我都忘记了”强调现在的结果，用现在完成时态have forgotten。故选B项。
19．A
【详解】考查固定搭配和动词的时态语态。句意：你说的话吓死我了。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语scare to death表示“吓得要死”，又因为主语是what引导的主语指“你说的话”，和谓语动词scare之间是主动关系，且时态为一般过去时，所以用scared。故选A。
20．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析和非谓语动词。句意：这个可怜的孩子，充满了非凡的力量，从地上站了起来。be full of充满；be filled with充满，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。rise的意思是“升起，上升”，为不及物动词，过去式和分词是rose, risen；raise的意思是“举起，抬起”，为及物动词，过去式和分词都是raised。第二空为句中谓语动词，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故选A。
21．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：乔治说他第二天会来学校看我，但他没有。根据George said he would come to school to see me the next day可知是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，故选D。
22．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：警察走到唯一一间开着门的房子前，在那里站了一会儿，然后走了进去。 分析句子可知，空一考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构，根据句意，此处表示状态，故用形容词open作宾语补足语：根据句意，came up，stood，和entered是三个动作连续发生，都要用过去时，故选C。
23．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：我收到邮寄来的驾照时高兴得跳了起来。根据上文I jumped with joy可知应用一般过去时。故选B项。
24．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：袁隆平1953年毕业于西南农学院。分析句子可知，graduate是句中谓语动词，结合时间状语in 1953可知应用一般过去时态，动词graduate应用过去式形式graduated。故选A项。
25．A
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们刚开始上课，应用程序就崩溃了，Classin崩溃了。此处为句型no sooner…than…表示“一……就……”，位于句首主句用部分倒装，从句是陈述语序。故选A。
26．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：狄金森非常喜欢标点符号、大写和换行符的非传统用法，她坚持认为这些对诗歌的意义至关重要。句中insist意为“坚持认为”其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气。根据enbraced和insisted可知，句子应用一般过去时，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词unconventional use of punctuation, capitalization, and line breaks，关系词which在从句中作主语，空处作从句的系动词，先行词为复数，be动词应用were。故选A项。
27．C
【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：起初，上合组织有六个成员国，但是现在成员国的数量已经上升到8个。根据句中的at first以及与之相对应的now可推知，这里要用一般过去时。句子的主语是复数名词six countries，所以there be句型中的be用were。故选C。
28．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们不再住在这里了。他们上个月搬去了成都。根据last month可知，句子为一般过去时，用动词过去式moved。故选B项。
29．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：去年夏天，我们俱乐部的四个成员在三亚旅游了一个月。根据句中时间状语“last summer”可知，“四个成员在三亚旅游了一个月”是已经发生的事情，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故选B项。
30．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：自从你离开以后，这里发生了很大的变化。由since引导的时间状语从句应用一般过去时，主语通常用现在完成时。故选C。
31．C
【详解】考查时态和句子结构。句意：我把钥匙忘在办公室了，因此我只能等着父母回来。so是连词，应该连接两个句子，因此空处为一个完整的句子，故排除AB两项；“我把钥匙忘在办公室”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，如用I作主语，则用主动语态，如用my key作主语，则用被动语态(was left)。综上，故选C。
32．C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这部小说自出版以来已被翻译成十种语言。since引导的时间状语从，主句为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时。故选C项。
33．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你似乎对天津很熟悉。——是的，我在这里学习了4年。很高兴再次回来。A. studied一般过去时；B. have studied现在完成时；C. am studying现在进行时；D. had studied过去完成时。根据后文It’s great to be back again.可知在这里学习是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故选A。
34．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——天气预报说明天天气怎么样？——抱歉，我刚才在打电话，大部分时间都没听到。此处并列连词and连接两个并列的谓语，由空前was可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故选B。
35．B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：《十四行诗》在1609年就是莎士比亚的畅销书之一，它的流行使他成为最好的英国诗人之一。分析句子可知，“which ______ already amongst the best-sellers of Shakespeare in 1609”是定语从句，修饰先行词The popularity of The Sonnets，设空处是从句谓语动词，根据从句中时间状语in 1609可知， 讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，又因主语which，即The popularity of The Sonnets，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数。 故选B项。
36．D
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：十年前的研究显示，在上海的适婚人群中，48%的人支持单身。名词被百分数修饰时，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定，the+adj.指代一类人是复数意义，因此“48% of the marriageable”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；根据主语谓语动词showed和“carried out a decade ago”可知，研究展示的是10年前的结果，应用一般过去时。综上，故选D。
37．A
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：看到那条大蛇，小女孩站在树下，吓得要命。分析句子结构可知，第一空缺少句子的谓语，由句意可知，表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，因而填stood；第二空需填入非谓语动词作状语，短语be frightened out of life表示“吓得要死”，因而设空处填入非谓语形式frightened。故选A。
38．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：2011年，在伦敦发生的16起骑车人死亡事件中，有9起与卡车有关，其中7起是建筑车辆。分析句子结构可知，主句缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语In 2011可知，应用一般过去时。故选B。
39．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：怀特先生在上海工作了七年，现在是北京一家公司的经理。根据定语从句中时间状语for seven years及空后is a manager of a company in Beijing可知，此处陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故选A。
40．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：随着时间的流逝，我逐渐适应了新学校的生活。根据adapted可知，时态应是一般过去时，故此句的谓语动词变过去式，故选C。
41．C
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：直到我离开父母出国留学，我才意识到我多么想念他们。根据Not until放句首，句子用部分倒装，句子结构应是：Not until+从句+助动词+主语+谓语+其他成分。根据谓语动词left及missed可知，时态用一般过去时，助动词用did。故选C项。
42．B
【详解】考查时态和动词短语辨析。句意：他的车起火了，在路上抛锚了。由上文“A fire”可知，第一空表示着火，应用短语break out，意为“突然发生；爆发”，句子描述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，所以第一空应用broke out；第二空表示“车坏了”，应用固定搭配break down，意为“（机器、车辆等）发生故障”，且make sb./sth. do是固定搭配，表示“使……做”，所以第二空应用break down，故选B。
43．D
【详解】考查时态和独立主格。句意：女人懒洋洋地躺在树下的扶手椅上，阳光透过宽大的树叶照射下来。空格前考查的时态，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“lie”意为“躺”，动词词性，过去式为“lay”，故空格一填“lay”；逗号后为独立主格结构，在句中作状语，“shine”意为“照耀，发光”，动词词性，“sun”与“shine”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故空格二应用“shine”的现在分词“shining”。故选D项。
44．B
【详解】考查名词性从句和时态。句意：——她刚才对你说了什么 ——她问我是否知道这是谁的笔。本句为宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。根据主句时态可知，用一般过去时。故选B。
45．C
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这本书自1973年上市以来已被翻译成30种语言。since引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，主语The book和动词translate之间是被动关系，故第一空用现在完成时的被动语态has been translated；由时间状语in 1973可知，since引导的从句使用一般过去时，故第二空填came。故选C项。
46．B
【详解】考查动词时态语态和名词性从句。句意：门铃一直响，但没人开门。他突然想到玛丽可能病了。根据句意，空1可以使用had been ringing（过去完成进行时）或kept ringing（一般过去时）表示“（在过去某一时间段）门铃一直在响”，排除CD两项；分析可知，空2处引导同位语从句作名词thought的同位语，从句意义完整，根据句意，应用没有实际意义的连接代词that 引导从句，that 不能省略。故选B项。
47．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯先生承认他犯了一个错误，并且已经改正了。A. accepted接受；B. admitted承认；C. talked交谈；D. promised承诺。根据“he had made a mistake and that he had corrected it”可知，史密斯先生承认并改正了错误，admit意为“承认”，符合语境。故选B项。
48．B
【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：只有当他做了这件事，他才意识到他犯了一个错误。分析句子可知，句中only和时间状语从句“when he had done it”置于句首，会引起主句的部分倒装，把主句中的助动词的相应形式放到主语前，根据从句中时态可知，主句是一般过去时，所以应把体现一般过去的助动词did置于主语he前。故选B项。
49．A
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：尽管有许多巨大的挑战，我宁愿死也不愿放弃。表示“宁愿做……也不做”有两种固定句型：①prefer to do A rather than do B；②would rather do A than do B。句子为一般过去时，动词prefer用过去式preferred。故选A项。
50．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：去年建的健身房是我们城市最大的健身房，但自从我生病后我就没去过。分析句子结构可知，but前面的句子谓语动词为is，第一空需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词room，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式，排除A项和B项；but后面的句子有连词since，主句使用现在完成时，从句使用一般过去时。故选C。
51．B
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：她一坐下来就听见有人敲门。hardly...when...是固定句型，意为“一……就……”，该句型中主句常使用过去完成时，从句使用一般过去时，且当hardly置于句首时主句使用部分倒装；分析句子，第一空是主句谓语动词，应使用过去完成时，部分倒装，故填had she sat，第二空是从句谓语动词，用一般过去时，故填heard。故选B。
52．A
【详解】考查倒装句及时态。句意：直到最近我们才意识到学好英语是多么的重要。分析句子结构可知，这里考查Not until位于句首时，主句谓语使用部分倒装结构。时间状语是recently，根据选项，主句谓语是动词realise，用一般过去式，所以倒装时要加助动词did。故选A。
53．D
【详解】考查动词短语及时态。句意：该组织的新部门本打算解决现有的问题，但却产生了更多的麻烦。结合句意可知，短语intended to have done=had intended to do 意为“本打算做某事（但没能做）”，符合题意，故选择D项。
54．D
【详解】考查句子结构和动词时态。句意：2016年、2019年、2020年，该公司获得2枚金牌和5枚银牌，证明了公司在国际葡萄酒市场上不断努力强化声誉的高度重视。A. The company has won 公司已获得；B. Having winning赢得，获得； C.Winning 赢得，获得；D.The company won公司得到了。分析句子结构，并列连词and后面是一个主谓宾结构完整的陈述句，所以and前也应该是一个并列分句，不应是非谓语成分，排除B选项和C选项；A项谓语动词时态不对，有获得奖牌的具体时间，即2016,2019及2020年应使用一般过去时。故选D项。
55．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：——他会说西班牙语，因为他在西班牙住过。 ——真的 他在那里住了多久 根据“he lived in Spain ”可知“居住”这个动作发生在过去，使用一般过去时。故选D项。
56．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：——据说那著名的物理教授正在享受退休时光——是的，你知道他已经在重点大学教书超过40年了。根据句意理解可知，此处表示在过去的40多年在教书，现在已经退休。所work只是表示过去时间发生的动作且已经结束，应用过去时。故选B项。
57．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：吉姆两年前去了加拿大。他在那里工作了几个月，然后去了美国。根据时间状语 two years ago可知，陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。故选B。
58．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：通常情况下，我不会做任何像跳伞这样的事情，但我决定尝试一下，因为课程是免费的。根据would和were可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式decided，故选A。
59．D
【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：他的父母坚持认为他受伤很严重，坚持要求他立即被送往医院。动词insist后接两个 that引导的宾语从句，第一空insist意为“坚持说、坚持认为”，用陈述语气，由insisted可知事情已发生，第一空从句谓语时态用一般过去时；第二空insist意为“坚决要求做某事”，要用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故选D。
60．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：自从来到这所学校，我们已经学了1000个英语单词。since引导时间状语从句时，主句时态用现在完成时have done，从句时态用一般过去时did，故选D。
单项选择
1．Hardly_____ to sit and have a rest when the phone________.
A．she had had time; rang B．she had time; had rang
C．had she had time; rang D．did she had time; had rang
2．Not only he but also all his family _______ keen on concerts even when Hitler put the world at risk.
A．was B．were C．is D．are
3．—Why was Professor Johnson unhappy those days
—The only reason was that the theory he stuck to ______ wrong.
A．prove B．proved C．proving D．being proved
4．He insisted that he________ in good health and________ to work there.
A．was; be sent B．is; be sent
C．is; was sent D．was; send
5．— I ________ the dishes for over a week. It’s your turn.
— I ________ you would say something like that.
A．have washed, have known B．have been washing, knew
C．have washed, know D．have been washing, know
6．By the time the civil war ________ between the two parties, most of the people who lived in the countryside had left for another land.
A．had broken out B．had been broken out C．broke out D．was broken out
7．Last time I ________ Anna, she ________ a walk with her husband in the park.
A．saw, was taking B．had seen, was taking
C．had seen, took D．saw, took
8．During the days __________ the tsunami, everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.
A．that followed B．that to follow C．that following D．after which followed
9．─ Why is your English so good, Amy
─ Well, my uncle gives me a hand at home, for he __________ in Australia for ten years in his 30s.
A．has lived B．lived
C．had lived D．has been living
10．—Haven’t you handed in your composition yet
—Yes. I on it for twenty five minutes.
A．had worked B．am working C．would work D．worked
11．He would have written the manager a letter to express his thanks this morning, but he ________.
A．was busy B．is busy C．had been busy D．will be busy
12．My sister’s pale face suggested that she ________seriously ill, and my parents suggested that she ________ to see the doctor immediately.
A．was; go B．were; go C．be; went D．was; went
13．Some animals are in danger of dying out, so it is high time that the government ________ some measures to protect endangered animals.
A．take B．took C．has taken D．will take
14．Susan is a clerk in an IT company now, but she ________ English in a high school for 3 years.
A．teach B．had taught C．have taught D．taught
15．请选出单词过去式全对的一组。
A．became prefered chose drove
B．kept built layed stood
C．spread beat read cost
D．sold hold told stole
16．With the theme “5G+By All For All”, the 2022 World 5G Convention ________ in Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang Province, on Aug 10, 2022.
A．kicked off B．kicks off C．was kicking off D．has kicked off
17．—Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat messages
— Because my phone _________.
A．is dead B．had died C．died D．have died
18．When I was at college I ______ three foreign languages, but I ______ all except for a few words of each.
A．spoke; had forgotten B．spoke; have forgotten
C．had spoken; had forgotten D．had spoken; have forgotten
19．What you said _____ me to death.
A．scared B．were scared C．was scared D．surprised
20．The poor boy, _____ with extraordinary strength, _____ from the ground.
A．filled/rose B．filling/rose C．full/raised D．filled/risen
21．George said he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______.
A．wouldn’t B．hadn’t C．hasn’t D．didn’t
22．The policeman came up to the only house with the door ________, ________ there for a while and then entered it.
A．open; standing B．opening; stood C．open; stood D．opened; standing
23．I jumped with joy when I ______ my driver’s license in the mail.
A．receive B．received C．have received D．would receive
24．Yuan Longping ________ from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.
A．graduated B．graduates C．graduating D．graduate
25．No sooner had we started the class__________an app crash and Classin collapsed.
A．than there came B．than did there come
C．when there was coming D．when came there
26．Dickinson embraced highly unconventional use of punctuation, capitalization, and line breaks, which she insisted
_________crucial to the meaning of the poems.
A．were B．to be C．on being D．should be
27．There ________ six countries in SCO (上合组织) at first, but now the number has increased to eight.
A．is B．are C．were D．will be
28．They don’t live here any longer. They________ to Chengdu last month.
A．move B．moved C．will move D．are moving
29．The four of our club ______ around Sanya for about a month last summer.
A．have travelled B．travelled C．had travelled D．travel
30．Great changes ________since you_______.
A．have taken place, have left
B．have been taken place, have left
C．have taken place, left
31．_____, so I had to wait for my parents back.
A．Leaving my key in the office
B．Because I left my key in the office
C．I left my key in the office
D．My key left in the office
32．The novel has been translated into ten languages since it ________.
A．had come out B．has come out
C．came out D．comes out
33．—You seem to be familiar with Tianjin.
—Yes, I ______ here for 4 years. It’s great to be back again.
A．studied B．have studied C．am studying D．had studied
34．—What’s the weather forecast for tomorrow
—Sorry, I was on the phone and ______ most of it.
A．had missed B．missed C．would miss D．was missing
35．The popularity of The Sonnets which ______ already amongst the best-sellers of Shakespeare in 1609 made him the one of the best English poets.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
36．Studies carried out a decade ago showed 48% of the marriageable in Shanghai ______ in favor of staying single.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
37．Seeing the big snake, the little girl ______ under the tree, ______ out of life.
A．stood; frightened B．stood; was frightened
C．standing; frightened D．standing; was frightening
38．In 2011, of the 16 cyclist deaths in London, nine ________lorries, of which seven were construction vehicles.
A．involving B．involved C．involves D．had involved
39．Mr. White, who ________ in Shanghai for seven years, is a manager of a company in Beijing.
A．worked B．had worked C．was working D．has worked
40．As time ________ by, I gradually adapted myself to the new school life.
A．goes B．going C．went D．has gone
41．Not until I left my parents to study abroad ______ how much I missed them.
A．I realized B．I had realized C．did I realize D．had I realized
42．A fire ______ in his car, which made it ______ on the way.
A．broke out; broken down B．broke out; break down
C．broken out; broken down D．broke down; break out
43．The woman ______ lazily in the armchair under the tree, the sun ________ down through the broad leaves.
A．lay; shone B．laid; shining C．lied; shining D．lay; shining
44．—What did she say to you just now
—She asked me if I knew _______.
A．whose pen is it B．whose pen it was
C．whose pen it is D．whose pen was it
45．The book __________ into thirty languages since it __________ on the market in 1973.
A．has translated, came B．was translated, has come
C．has been translated, came D．has been translated, has come
46．The door bell _________ but nobody answered the door. The thought came to him _________ Mary had probably fallen ill.
A．had been ringing; if B．kept ringing; that
C．had rung; why D．had been rung; 不填
47．Mr. Smith _________ that he had made a mistake and that he had corrected it.
A．accepted B．admitted C．talked D．promised
48．Only when he had done it ______ that he had made a mistake.
A．he then realized B．did he realize C．before he realize D．he realized
49．Regardless of many massive challenges, I ________ die ________ give up.
A．preferred to; rather than B．preferred; rather than
C．would; than D．would to; rather than
50．The fitness room ________ last year is the biggest one in my city, but I ________ to since I ________ ill.
A．being built: haven't been; had been B．having being built; hadn't been; was
C．built; haven't been; was D．built; hadn't been; had been
51．Hardly _____ when she _____ someone knocking at the door.
A．did she sit; heard B．had she sat; heard
C．had she sat; had heard D．did she sit; had heard
52．Not until quite recently________ that how important it is to learn English well.
A．did we realise B．we realised C．had we realised D．we had realised
53．The new department of the organization which________ the existing problems, produced even more troubles however.
A．had intended to have solved B．intended to be solving
C．had been intended to be solving D．intended to have solved
54．________2 gold medals and 5 silver medals in 2016, 2019 and 2020, and it proved its great attention to continuous efforts to strengthen the reputation in the international wine market.
A．The company has won B．Having winning C．Winning D．The company won
55．—He can speak Spanish because he lived in Spain.
—Really How long________ there
A．had he lived B．is he living C．has he lived D．did he live
56．---It’s said that the famous physics professor is now enjoying his retirement.
---Yes. You know, he ______ in this key university for over 40 years.
A．has been working B．worked C．had worked D．was working
57．Jim went to Canada two years ago. He ________ there for a few months and then went to America.
A．works B．worked C．has worked D．is working
58．Normally, I would never do anything like skydiving, but I ________ to give it a try since the lessons were free.
A．decided B．had decided C．would decide D．have decided
59．His parents insisted he ________ badly hurt and that he ________ to hospital immediately.
A．be; was sent B．was; to be sent
C．be; should be sent D．was; be sent
60．We ________ 1000 English words since we ________ to this school.
A．learn, come B．have learning, came
C．have been learning, come D．have learned, came
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：她刚想坐下来休息一会儿，电话就响了。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“主语+had hardly done…when+主语+did”，意为“一……就……”，主句用过去完成时，“Hardly”位于句首，句要用部分倒装，“had”提前，故空格一填“had she had time”，从句用一般过去时，故空格二填“rang”。故选C项。
2．B
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：不仅是他，而且他所有的家人都热衷于音乐会，即使是在希特勒把世界置于危险之中的时候。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据从句 “even when Hitler put the world at risk”可知谓语动词应用一般过去时；not only...but also...连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词采取就近一致原则，即谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致,由此可知，设空处与all his family保持一致；根据句意可知，句中all his family指“他所有的家人”，谓语动词用复数，所以设空处应填were。故选B。
3．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——为什么Johnson教授那些日子不高兴？——唯一的理由是他坚持的理论证明是错的。he stuck to是定语从句，that表语从句中缺少谓语动词，排除C、D项，根据语境，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时态，排除A项，故选B项。
4．A
【详解】考查时态和语态以及虚拟语气。句意：他坚持说他身体很好，并且坚持被派去那里工作。第一空：insist意为“坚持说，坚持认为”时其后宾语从句用陈述语气，主句用的一般过去时，此处也用一般过去时；第二空：insist意为“坚持”时其后从句用虚拟语气，采用“should+动词原形”的形式，其中should可省略，主语he和sent之间是被动关系，用被动语态，应是be sent。故选A项。
5．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：——我洗盘子洗了一周了。该轮到你了。——我知道你就会这样说。根据句意以及句中的时间状语“for over a week”可知第一空表示从过去到现在的一段时间内反复进行的动作或存在的状态，用现在完成进行时；第二句为主从复合句，根据宾语从句的谓语动词“would say”以及语境可知第二空作为主句的谓语动词，应该用一般过去时。故选B。
6．C
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到两党之间爆发内战时，大多数住在农村的人都已移居他乡。根据句意和句子的时态是过去完成时分析句子可知，两党之间爆发内战肯定是过去的事，所以从句应该用一般过去时，排除A项和B项；而从句的主语the civil war和谓语动词break out之间是主动关系，所以应该用主动语态，排除D项。故选C项。
7．A
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上次我看见安娜，她和她的丈夫正在公园散步。由时间状语last time可知第一空为一般过去时；由语意可知，“我”当时看到的情景是安娜和她的丈夫正在公园散步，第二空应用过去进行时。故选A项。
8．A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在海啸之后的日子里，幸存者看到的每一个地方都是一片废墟。分析句子结构可知，这里为定语从句，句中先行词为the days，在定语从句中作主语，从句缺少谓语动词。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。故选A。
9．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——艾米，你的英语为什么这么好 ——嗯，我叔叔在家里帮了我的忙，因为他在30多岁的时候在澳大利亚住了10年。由语意可知艾米的叔叔在他三十多岁时曾经在澳大利亚居住过10年，所以此处是对一个过去事实的简单陈述，应用一般过去时。故选B项。
10．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你的作文还没交吗 ——交了。我写了25分钟。根据答语可知，作文已经交了，因此“写了25分钟”是陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时。故选D。
11．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：他本打算今天上午给经理写信表示感谢，但他太忙了。根据句意和句中的this morning可知，本句前半部分是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，but后面是过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时。故选A项。
12．A
【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：我妹妹苍白的脸色表明她病得很重，我父母建议她马上去看医生。suggest表示“暗示，表明”，后接从句应用陈述语气。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时；表示“建议”时，从句用should+动词原形，should可省。故选A。
13．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：一些动物有灭绝的危险，所以是时候采取一些措施来保护濒危动物了。It is high time that....表示“是该做某事的时候了”，从句谓语用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，should不能省略，因此空格处是took，故选B。
14．D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：苏珊现在是一家IT公司的职员，但她曾在一所高中教过三年英语。分析句子可知，在高中教英语是过去的事，所以用一般过去时。故选D项。
15．C
【详解】考查动词的过去式。prefer的过去式为preferred，所以选项A错误，排除选项A；lay的过去式为laid，所以选项B错误，排除选项B；hold的过去式为held，所以选项D错误，排除选项D。选项C中的过去式全部正确。故选C。
16．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：2022年8月10日，以“5G+人人共享”为主题的2022年世界5G大会在黑龙江省会哈尔滨开幕。根据后文on Aug 10, 2022可知应用一般过去时，且为主动关系。故选A。
17．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你为什么没有回复我的微信信息？——因为我的手机没电了。由前文的didn’t可知，讲述过去发生的事情，因此推断“手机没电”是过去的事情，用一般过去时，故选C。
18．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：上大学的时候，我能说三门外语，但现在除了每门语言的几个单词外，我都忘记了。根据时间状语“When I was at college”可知，“能说三门外语”是读大学的时候的事情，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，第一空处用过去式spoke；结合句意可知，“除了每门语言的几个单词外，我都忘记了”强调现在的结果，用现在完成时态have forgotten。故选B项。
19．A
【详解】考查固定搭配和动词的时态语态。句意：你说的话吓死我了。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语scare to death表示“吓得要死”，又因为主语是what引导的主语指“你说的话”，和谓语动词scare之间是主动关系，且时态为一般过去时，所以用scared。故选A。
20．A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析和非谓语动词。句意：这个可怜的孩子，充满了非凡的力量，从地上站了起来。be full of充满；be filled with充满，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。rise的意思是“升起，上升”，为不及物动词，过去式和分词是rose, risen；raise的意思是“举起，抬起”，为及物动词，过去式和分词都是raised。第二空为句中谓语动词，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故选A。
21．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：乔治说他第二天会来学校看我，但他没有。根据George said he would come to school to see me the next day可知是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，故选D。
22．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：警察走到唯一一间开着门的房子前，在那里站了一会儿，然后走了进去。 分析句子可知，空一考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构，根据句意，此处表示状态，故用形容词open作宾语补足语：根据句意，came up，stood，和entered是三个动作连续发生，都要用过去时，故选C。
23．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：我收到邮寄来的驾照时高兴得跳了起来。根据上文I jumped with joy可知应用一般过去时。故选B项。
24．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：袁隆平1953年毕业于西南农学院。分析句子可知，graduate是句中谓语动词，结合时间状语in 1953可知应用一般过去时态，动词graduate应用过去式形式graduated。故选A项。
25．A
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们刚开始上课，应用程序就崩溃了，Classin崩溃了。此处为句型no sooner…than…表示“一……就……”，位于句首主句用部分倒装，从句是陈述语序。故选A。
26．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：狄金森非常喜欢标点符号、大写和换行符的非传统用法，她坚持认为这些对诗歌的意义至关重要。句中insist意为“坚持认为”其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气。根据enbraced和insisted可知，句子应用一般过去时，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词unconventional use of punctuation, capitalization, and line breaks，关系词which在从句中作主语，空处作从句的系动词，先行词为复数，be动词应用were。故选A项。
27．C
【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：起初，上合组织有六个成员国，但是现在成员国的数量已经上升到8个。根据句中的at first以及与之相对应的now可推知，这里要用一般过去时。句子的主语是复数名词six countries，所以there be句型中的be用were。故选C。
28．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们不再住在这里了。他们上个月搬去了成都。根据last month可知，句子为一般过去时，用动词过去式moved。故选B项。
29．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：去年夏天，我们俱乐部的四个成员在三亚旅游了一个月。根据句中时间状语“last summer”可知，“四个成员在三亚旅游了一个月”是已经发生的事情，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故选B项。
30．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：自从你离开以后，这里发生了很大的变化。由since引导的时间状语从句应用一般过去时，主语通常用现在完成时。故选C。
31．C
【详解】考查时态和句子结构。句意：我把钥匙忘在办公室了，因此我只能等着父母回来。so是连词，应该连接两个句子，因此空处为一个完整的句子，故排除AB两项；“我把钥匙忘在办公室”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，如用I作主语，则用主动语态，如用my key作主语，则用被动语态(was left)。综上，故选C。
32．C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这部小说自出版以来已被翻译成十种语言。since引导的时间状语从，主句为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时。故选C项。
33．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你似乎对天津很熟悉。——是的，我在这里学习了4年。很高兴再次回来。A. studied一般过去时；B. have studied现在完成时；C. am studying现在进行时；D. had studied过去完成时。根据后文It’s great to be back again.可知在这里学习是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故选A。
34．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——天气预报说明天天气怎么样？——抱歉，我刚才在打电话，大部分时间都没听到。此处并列连词and连接两个并列的谓语，由空前was可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故选B。
35．B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：《十四行诗》在1609年就是莎士比亚的畅销书之一，它的流行使他成为最好的英国诗人之一。分析句子可知，“which ______ already amongst the best-sellers of Shakespeare in 1609”是定语从句，修饰先行词The popularity of The Sonnets，设空处是从句谓语动词，根据从句中时间状语in 1609可知， 讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，又因主语which，即The popularity of The Sonnets，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数。 故选B项。
36．D
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：十年前的研究显示，在上海的适婚人群中，48%的人支持单身。名词被百分数修饰时，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定，the+adj.指代一类人是复数意义，因此“48% of the marriageable”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；根据主语谓语动词showed和“carried out a decade ago”可知，研究展示的是10年前的结果，应用一般过去时。综上，故选D。
37．A
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：看到那条大蛇，小女孩站在树下，吓得要命。分析句子结构可知，第一空缺少句子的谓语，由句意可知，表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，因而填stood；第二空需填入非谓语动词作状语，短语be frightened out of life表示“吓得要死”，因而设空处填入非谓语形式frightened。故选A。
38．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：2011年，在伦敦发生的16起骑车人死亡事件中，有9起与卡车有关，其中7起是建筑车辆。分析句子结构可知，主句缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语In 2011可知，应用一般过去时。故选B。
39．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：怀特先生在上海工作了七年，现在是北京一家公司的经理。根据定语从句中时间状语for seven years及空后is a manager of a company in Beijing可知，此处陈述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故选A。
40．C
【详解】考查时态。句意：随着时间的流逝，我逐渐适应了新学校的生活。根据adapted可知，时态应是一般过去时，故此句的谓语动词变过去式，故选C。
41．C
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：直到我离开父母出国留学，我才意识到我多么想念他们。根据Not until放句首，句子用部分倒装，句子结构应是：Not until+从句+助动词+主语+谓语+其他成分。根据谓语动词left及missed可知，时态用一般过去时，助动词用did。故选C项。
42．B
【详解】考查时态和动词短语辨析。句意：他的车起火了，在路上抛锚了。由上文“A fire”可知，第一空表示着火，应用短语break out，意为“突然发生；爆发”，句子描述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，所以第一空应用broke out；第二空表示“车坏了”，应用固定搭配break down，意为“（机器、车辆等）发生故障”，且make sb./sth. do是固定搭配，表示“使……做”，所以第二空应用break down，故选B。
43．D
【详解】考查时态和独立主格。句意：女人懒洋洋地躺在树下的扶手椅上，阳光透过宽大的树叶照射下来。空格前考查的时态，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“lie”意为“躺”，动词词性，过去式为“lay”，故空格一填“lay”；逗号后为独立主格结构，在句中作状语，“shine”意为“照耀，发光”，动词词性，“sun”与“shine”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故空格二应用“shine”的现在分词“shining”。故选D项。
44．B
【详解】考查名词性从句和时态。句意：——她刚才对你说了什么 ——她问我是否知道这是谁的笔。本句为宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。根据主句时态可知，用一般过去时。故选B。
45．C
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这本书自1973年上市以来已被翻译成30种语言。since引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，主语The book和动词translate之间是被动关系，故第一空用现在完成时的被动语态has been translated；由时间状语in 1973可知，since引导的从句使用一般过去时，故第二空填came。故选C项。
46．B
【详解】考查动词时态语态和名词性从句。句意：门铃一直响，但没人开门。他突然想到玛丽可能病了。根据句意，空1可以使用had been ringing（过去完成进行时）或kept ringing（一般过去时）表示“（在过去某一时间段）门铃一直在响”，排除CD两项；分析可知，空2处引导同位语从句作名词thought的同位语，从句意义完整，根据句意，应用没有实际意义的连接代词that 引导从句，that 不能省略。故选B项。
47．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯先生承认他犯了一个错误，并且已经改正了。A. accepted接受；B. admitted承认；C. talked交谈；D. promised承诺。根据“he had made a mistake and that he had corrected it”可知，史密斯先生承认并改正了错误，admit意为“承认”，符合语境。故选B项。
48．B
【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：只有当他做了这件事，他才意识到他犯了一个错误。分析句子可知，句中only和时间状语从句“when he had done it”置于句首，会引起主句的部分倒装，把主句中的助动词的相应形式放到主语前，根据从句中时态可知，主句是一般过去时，所以应把体现一般过去的助动词did置于主语he前。故选B项。
49．A
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：尽管有许多巨大的挑战，我宁愿死也不愿放弃。表示“宁愿做……也不做”有两种固定句型：①prefer to do A rather than do B；②would rather do A than do B。句子为一般过去时，动词prefer用过去式preferred。故选A项。
50．C
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：去年建的健身房是我们城市最大的健身房，但自从我生病后我就没去过。分析句子结构可知，but前面的句子谓语动词为is，第一空需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词room，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式，排除A项和B项；but后面的句子有连词since，主句使用现在完成时，从句使用一般过去时。故选C。
51．B
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：她一坐下来就听见有人敲门。hardly...when...是固定句型，意为“一……就……”，该句型中主句常使用过去完成时，从句使用一般过去时，且当hardly置于句首时主句使用部分倒装；分析句子，第一空是主句谓语动词，应使用过去完成时，部分倒装，故填had she sat，第二空是从句谓语动词，用一般过去时，故填heard。故选B。
52．A
【详解】考查倒装句及时态。句意：直到最近我们才意识到学好英语是多么的重要。分析句子结构可知，这里考查Not until位于句首时，主句谓语使用部分倒装结构。时间状语是recently，根据选项，主句谓语是动词realise，用一般过去式，所以倒装时要加助动词did。故选A。
53．D
【详解】考查动词短语及时态。句意：该组织的新部门本打算解决现有的问题，但却产生了更多的麻烦。结合句意可知，短语intended to have done=had intended to do 意为“本打算做某事（但没能做）”，符合题意，故选择D项。
54．D
【详解】考查句子结构和动词时态。句意：2016年、2019年、2020年，该公司获得2枚金牌和5枚银牌，证明了公司在国际葡萄酒市场上不断努力强化声誉的高度重视。A. The company has won 公司已获得；B. Having winning赢得，获得； C.Winning 赢得，获得；D.The company won公司得到了。分析句子结构，并列连词and后面是一个主谓宾结构完整的陈述句，所以and前也应该是一个并列分句，不应是非谓语成分，排除B选项和C选项；A项谓语动词时态不对，有获得奖牌的具体时间，即2016,2019及2020年应使用一般过去时。故选D项。
55．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：——他会说西班牙语，因为他在西班牙住过。 ——真的 他在那里住了多久 根据“he lived in Spain ”可知“居住”这个动作发生在过去，使用一般过去时。故选D项。
56．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：——据说那著名的物理教授正在享受退休时光——是的，你知道他已经在重点大学教书超过40年了。根据句意理解可知，此处表示在过去的40多年在教书，现在已经退休。所work只是表示过去时间发生的动作且已经结束，应用过去时。故选B项。
57．B
【详解】考查时态。句意：吉姆两年前去了加拿大。他在那里工作了几个月，然后去了美国。根据时间状语 two years ago可知，陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。故选B。
58．A
【详解】考查时态。句意：通常情况下，我不会做任何像跳伞这样的事情，但我决定尝试一下，因为课程是免费的。根据would和were可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式decided，故选A。
59．D
【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：他的父母坚持认为他受伤很严重，坚持要求他立即被送往医院。动词insist后接两个 that引导的宾语从句，第一空insist意为“坚持说、坚持认为”，用陈述语气，由insisted可知事情已发生，第一空从句谓语时态用一般过去时；第二空insist意为“坚决要求做某事”，要用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故选D。
60．D
【详解】考查时态。句意：自从来到这所学校，我们已经学了1000个英语单词。since引导时间状语从句时，主句时态用现在完成时have done，从句时态用一般过去时did，故选D。