高考英语连词专项训练（含解析）
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连词
单项选择
1．______ I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.
A．Until B．Since C．While D．Whether
2．I was doing my homework ________ it suddenly rained.
A．and B．while C．then D．when
3．I have chosen two courses, and ___________ are of great importance.
A．both of which B．either of which C．both of them D．all of which
4．________ unemployment rate and crime rate are high, it can be supposed that the latter is due to the former.
A．Before B．Where C．Unless D．Until
5．The islanders hadn’t got well prepared ________ they were required to relocate to a nearby island. In fact, it is only two or three years ________ some islanders moved here.
A．since; after B．before; since C．until; that D．after; before
6．There are few of us ______ admire Tanya’s brilliance, eloquence, and leadership.
A．but B．which C．as D．than
7．Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and higher temperatures actually drove the evolution of far greater numbers of new rainforest plant species ______ wiped out.
A．which were B．as were C．than it was D．than were
8．I set the alarm clock before going to bed I should miss the first train to Beijing.
A．so that B．in case C．as if D．even if
9．The group of wild Asian elephants kept walking to the north all the way ______ they were taking a trip.
A．even if B．as if C．now that D．so that
10．We were just about to leave ________Jerry arrived, who seemed to have something urgent to tell us
A．while B．when C．before D．after
11．A student of music needs________ to become a performer as a medical student needs________ a doctor.
A．as long and tough a training；to become B．as long and tough a training；becoming
C．as a long and tough training；to become D．as a long and tough training；becoming
12．____________you stick to reading English aloud every day, your oral English will get better.
A．As long as B．Even though C．As soon as
13．________ we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy.
A．Unless B．Until C．Though D．Whether
14．—_____Mike is now 17, he is still like a little child.
—Well, that’s because he depends on his parents for almost everything.
A．Even though B．When C．Unless D．If
15．________you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the theatre.
A．Though B．Whether C．Until D．Unless
16．Our mother sat us down to read and paint, ________ all we really wanted to do was to make a mess.
A．when B．however C．since D．and
17．I became interested in Beijing opera ________ a small accident.
A．because B．thanks for C．as a result D．thanks to
18．Read the book Cute Pets, ________ you will know how to take care of your cat.
A．or B．so C．and D．but
19．Sweet snacks can give us energy, they are not healthy.
A．and B．or C．but D．then
20．A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active ______ they want.
A．so that B．for fear that C．as long as D．as far as
21．—Is everyone here today
—No. Tom is at home ________ he has got a bad cold.
A．because B．if C．until D．unless
22．The park rules state that no child shall be allowed to play on the slide, ______ accompanied by an adult.
A．if B．when C．unless D．since
23．We cannot expect her to do the homework ______ look after the children.
A．as good as B．as well as C．as far as D．as long as
24．I’ll keep his address ________ I need it.
A．so that B．in order that C．in case D．when
25．Children are admitted________ accompanied by an adult.
A．only if B．even though C．now that D．as though
26．Remember that you won’t be able to cancel the contract ________ you’ve signed.
A．unless B．until C．though D．once
27．Feathers are very light, ______ we say “ as light as a feather ” .
A．in case B．unless C．if D．so that
28．Look! Some boys are playing football________ some girls are relaxing themselves by playing the game of cat and mouse on the playground.
A．otherwise B．since C．while D．however
29．A pen is to a writer ________ a sword is to a warrior.
A．what B．while C．that D．which
30．I will keep drawing and see what happens. ________ I never become famous, this is what I love to do every hour of every day.
A．Even if B．Unless C．So long as D．Now that
31．If you have difficulty in understanding something, you may research, study and talk to other people ______ you figure it out.
A．because B．though C．until D．since
32．Thus not only is he known as s superhero in the Superman films, ________he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.
A．and B．but C．or D．/
33．－Did you explain it to your boss
－He stormed out of the office ________ I could get in a word.
A．since B．when C．before D．after
34．The French eat with both wrists ________on the table, ________many Americans tend to keep their left hands in their laps.
A．rested; but B．rested; while C．resting; but D．resting; while
35．—Could I borrow your Louis Armstrong record, please
—I’d love to get it for you _____ I could remember who last borrowed it.
A．except that B．on condition C．if only D．now that
36．He remembered it _____ it were yesterday and knew it would haunt him until his last day.
A．as B．even though C．since D．as though
37．Dogs are really unique from any other domesticated animals ________they reciprocate (回报) a bond with their humans.
A．even though B．in that C．until D．so long as
38．Public hospitals cannot refuse patients who need emergency treatment ________they do not test negative for COVID-19 within 48 hours.
A．as long as B．even if C．as though D．no matter
39．________ more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
A．Whether B．This C．Who D．If
40．Ellen jumped with excitement ______ she received the good news that she had passed the exam.
A．until B．as long as
C．as soon as D．unless
41．_______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.
A．Though B．Since C．For D．So
42．—I think the environment is terrible these years.
—Yes, it will be even worse________ the government takes action ________ it.
A．until; protect B．unless; to protect C．if; protecting D．unless; protecting
43．_________ there is good communication and mutual (相互的) understanding between parents and children, there will be no so-called generation gap between them.
A．As soon as B．Even though C．So long as D．Even if
44．As a language grows, new words are introduced ______ many words fall out of use.
A．unless B．so that C．while D．in case
45．—I’m planning to climb Mount Huang this summer. Would you like to come along
—Wow! That would be exciting ________ challenging. I’m in!
A．as well as B．as good as C．as long as D．as far as
46．I thought he was listening to my opinions, _____ in fact he was thinking about his own affairs.
A．when B．while C．so D．however
47．He always thinks __________he can do more for the people．
A．of how B．how C．of that D．why
48．________ you begin to do something, you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.
A．Once B．Unless C．Before D．Although
49．Many people welcome the chance to do meaningful things, ________they will get no pay.
A．even if B．as if C．in case D．now that
50．According to a report released recently, the major cause of air pollution in Beijing is vehicle emissions (汽车尾气排放)________ in Shanghai the biggest problem is dust and heavy industry.
A．as B．while C．although D．where
51．________ the COVID-19 pandemic was a primary factor affecting enrolment of international students, the strained relationship between the US and China also accounted for it.
A．As B．Since C．If D．While
52．______ you know who they are and what motivates them, think about the influencers in your organization.
A．Just as B．Even though C．In case D．Now that
53．It seemed only several minutes he made up his mind and told us his decision.
A．after B．before C．when D．until
54．Their use was limited by laws, the first of ________ dates back to the fourteenth century.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
55．After cleaning up the classroom, I felt tired ________ happy.
A．nor B．but C．or D．so
56．---Have you heard that Tom Smith was fired
--- It’s not surprising at all, that’s________ he never finishes any work the boss arranged .
A．why B．that C．because D．for
57．Walk along this road for 100 meters ________ you’ll see the hospital.
A．or B．otherwise C．and D．or else
58．Since these two countries are quite different in the social systems, it is ________ necessary ________ possible for the two sides to change each other.
A．either; or B．both; and C．not; but D．neither; nor
59．Since I have little work experience, I will have to take a series of unpaid internships ________ I can find my ideal job.
A．before B．after C．once D．when
60．I want to work at home on a Tuesday but ________ it turns out, sometimes it’s a Wednesday or a Thursday.
A．as B．before C．when D．Since
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查从属连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很愿意帮忙，但是我没有太多的时间。A. Until直到；B. Since既然，自从；C. While虽然；D. Whether是否，无论。分析句子，设空处使用连词连接前后两个句子，此处表示让步转折，用while。故选C。
2．D
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我正在做作业时，突然下起了雨。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型be doing sth. +when…，意为“当一件事情正在发生时，突然另外一件事发生了”，此时的when为并列连词，相当于and then，故选D项。
3．C
【详解】考查并列分句。句意：我选了两门课，这两门课都很重要。根据句中连词and可知，这里为并列分句，而非定语从句。所以用代词them指代前句中的 courses，用both of表示“两者都”。故选C。
4．B
【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，可以认为后者是前者造成的。A. Before在……之前；B. Where在……地方；C. Unless除非；D. Until直到。由语意可知，在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，人们认为犯罪率由失业率造成；此处考查引导地点状语从句的引导词，应用where来引导。故选B项。
5．B
【详解】考查连词。句意：岛民们还没有做好充分准备，就被要求迁移到附近的一个岛上。事实上，一些岛民搬到这里才两三年。since自……以后； after在……之后；before在……之前；until直到……为止。分析句意可知，“The islanders hadn’t got well prepared”发生在“they wersince; aftere required to relocate to a nearby island”之前，用before引导时间状语从句，故第1空用连词before；“it is+一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句”是固定句型，故第2空用连词since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”。故选B项。
6．A
【详解】考查but用法。句意：我们中很少有人不钦佩谭雅的才华、口才和领导力。分析句子可知，此处but用于主句是否定含义（few）的复合句，引导一个肯定结构的从句。其引导的从句可以是主语从句，定语从句，状语从句等，此时的but相当于who/ that/ which... not。故选A项。
7．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大气中不断上升的二氧化碳和更高的温度实际上推动了热带雨林新植物物种的进化，数量远远超过了被消灭的物种。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词numbers被形容词比较级greater修饰，且从句缺少主语，应用准关系代词than引导从句，此时than为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。故选D。
8．B
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：我在睡觉前把闹钟定好了，以防错过第一班去北京的火车。A. so that以便、所以，引导目的状语从句；B. in case以防、万一，引导目的状语从句；C. as if好像、似乎，引导方式状语从句； D. even if即使、虽然，引导让步状语从句。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“提前设置闹钟，以防错过第一班火车”，前面是结果，后面是目的，此处“错过火车”偏负面，应用in case引导。故选B项。
9．B
【详解】考查方式状语从句和从句连词。句意：这群野生亚洲象一路向北走，好像在旅行。A. even if虽然，即使；B. as if好像，仿佛；C. now that既然；D. so that以便。分析句子可知，句子为方式状语从句，野生亚洲象好像在旅行，根据句意可知，应用“as if”引导从句，意为“好像，仿佛”。故选B项。
10．B
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们正要离开时，杰瑞来了，他似乎有急事要处理。A. while当……的时候；B. when在……时候；C. before在……之前；D. after在……之后。固定句型be about to do sth. when...“正打算做某事突然……”，when是并列连词。故选B。
11．A
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：一名音乐专业的学生要想成为一名演奏者，就像一名医科学生要成为一名医生一样，需要经过长期艰苦的训练。根据后面的as可知，第一空格处是as……as句型，句型为：as+形容词+名词+as，再分析句意，名词training前用不定冠词a泛指“一种”音乐专业的训练，符合语境；第二个空格处用动词不定式来表目的与上文的to become并列。故选A项。
12．A
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：只要你坚持每天大声朗读英语，你的口语就会更好。A. As long as只要；B. Even though尽管；C. As soon as一……就……。分析句子可知，句子为条件状语从句，空格处内容引导从句，根据句意可知，应用“As long as”引导从句，意为“只要”，表示只要你坚持每天大声朗读英语，你的口语就会更好。故选A项。
13．A
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：除非我们处理好我们的问题，否则我们很容易变得不快乐。A. Unless除非；B. Until直到；C. Though虽然；D. Whether是否。由“we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy”可知，句子表示“除非我们处理好我们的问题，否则我们很容易变得不快乐”，空格处意为“除非”，用unless，引导条件状语从句，故选A。
14．A
【详解】考查连词。句意：——尽管麦克现在17岁了，可是他仍然像个小孩。——是的，那是因为他什么事情都依赖父母。A. Even though尽管，即使；B. When当……的时候；C. Unless除非；D. If假如。由句意可知，前半句说的是麦克17岁了，后半句却说他还像个小孩。前后句是转折关系，所以用连词even though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，即使”。故选A项。
15．D
【详解】考查连词。句意：除非你打电话告诉我你不来了，我就在剧院见你。A.Though尽管； B.Whether是否；C.Until直到；D.Unless除非。分析句子，设空处填写的是条件状语从句从句引导词。unless意为“除非”，符合句意。故选D。
16．A
【详解】考查连词和副词辨析。句意：我们的父母让我们坐下来读书、画画，而我们真正想做的是打打闹闹。A. when虽然，然而；B. however然而；C. since既然；D. and并且。分析句子可知，前后文是句子，需填连词，however是副词，排除B项。两句表让步，应用when引导让步状语从句，这里的when，用于引出使句子的其他部分显得让人吃惊或不大可能的事实或评论，意思是“虽然，然而”。故选A项。
17．D
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我对京剧产生兴趣是由于一个小意外。A. because因为；B. thanks for因……而感谢；C. as a result结果；D. thanks to由于，多亏。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语thanks to“由于，多亏”，满足句意，because也有“因为，由于”的意思，但是because后需接句子，不可接名词或名词短语。故选D项。
18．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：读了《可爱的宠物》这本书，你就会知道如何照顾你的猫。A. or或者；B. so因此；C. and和；D. but但是。分析句子结构可知，此处是祈使句的特殊句型，其结构为：祈使句, and/or+陈述句，此处前后表示顺承关系，所以此处需用连词and。故选C。
19．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：甜食能给我们能量，但是它们是不健康的。A. and和，并且；B. or或者；C. but但是；D. then然后。结合语意，甜食能给我们能量，但是它们是不健康的，句子前后是转折关系，应用连词but，表示“但是”。故选C项。
20．C
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：应组织各种各样的活动，以便参与者只要愿意就可以保持活跃。A. so that 以便；B. for fear that 唯恐，生怕；C. as long as 只要；D. as far as 就...而言。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“只要”意思的连词，引导条件状语从句。故选C。
21．A
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：——今天大家都到齐了吗？——不。汤姆在家，因为他得了重感冒。由“he has got a bad cold”可知，空格后是汤姆在家的原因，空格处意为“因为”，是because，引导原因状语从句，故选A。
22．C
【详解】考查状语从句和连词。句意：公园规则规定，除非有大人陪同，否则不允许孩子玩滑梯。A. if如果；B. when在……时候；C. unless除非；D. since自……以来。结合句意，分析句子可知，“ accompanied by an adult.”是省略后的条件状语从句，是“no child shall be allowed to play on the slide”的条件，用连词unless引导该从句，其意为“除非；如果不”。故选C项。
23．B
【详解】考查固定短语语义辨析。句意：我们不能指望她既做作业又照顾孩子。A. as good as和……一样好，不亚于；B. as well as既……又……；C. as far as远至，就……而言；D. as long as只要。根据句意可知，不能指望她既干这个又干那个。故选B项。
24．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我会保留他的地址，以备不时之需。A. so that以便，因此；B. in order that为了；C. in case以防；D. when当……时候。根据“I’ll keep his address”可知，此处是指存下地址以备不时之需，用in case“以防”引导目的状语从句。故选C。
25．A
【详解】考查状语从句连接词辨析。句意：只有在成人陪同下，儿童才能进入。A. only if只有；B. even though尽管；C. now that既然；D. as though好像。由句意可知，儿童被允许，只有在有大人陪同下才行。故选A项。
26．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：记住，一旦你签了合同就不能取消。A. unless除非；B. until直到；C. though尽管；D. once一旦。结合句意可知，此处指“一旦你签了合同就不能取消”，用once引导条件状语从句。故选D项。
27．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：羽毛很轻，所以我们说“轻如鸿毛”。A. in case以防，以防万一；B. unless除非；C. if如果；D. so that因此。根据前后文句意可知，前后是因果关系，故用so that引导结果状语从句。故选D项。
28．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：看！一些男孩在踢足球，而一些女孩在操场上玩猫捉老鼠的游戏来放松自己。A. otherwise 否则；B. since 自从；C. while 然而； D.however无论……。结合空处前后可知，“一些男孩在踢足球”与“一些女孩在做游戏”是对比关系，因此需要使用并列转折关系。“while”意为“然而”，故选C。
29．A
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：笔之于作家，犹如剑之于战士。A. what什么，……的东西；B. while当，然而；C. that（无意义）；D. which哪一个。此处为固定句型：A is to B what C is to D“A之于B，正如C之于D”，what引导表语从句。故选A。
30．A
【详解】考查连词。句意：我继续画，看看会发生什么。 即使我永远不会出名，这也是我每天每时每刻都喜欢做的事。A. even if即使；B. unless除非；C. so long as只要；D. now that既然。根据前后两句可知是让步关系，even if引导让步状语从句，“即使”符合句意，故选A项。
31．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你在理解某件事上有困难，你可以研究、学习并与其他人交谈，直到你弄明白为止。A. because因为；B. though虽然，尽管；C. until直到……为止；D. since自从。分析句子可知，句子为时间状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，句中表示“直到你弄明白为止”，故应用“until”引导从句，意为“直到……为止”。故选C项。
32．B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：因此，他不仅在《超人》电影中被称为超级英雄，在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。A. and并且，并列关系；B. but但是，构成not only…but also…句型；C. or或者，选择关系。根据上文“not only is he known as s superhero in the Superman films”可知为句型not only…but also…，also可以省略。故选B。
33．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：——你跟你老板解释了吗？——我还没来得及插话，他就怒气冲冲地离开了办公室。A. since自从；B. when当……时候；C. before在……之前；D. after在……之后。根据前后文语境可知，“离开办公室”发生在“插话”之前，应用before。故选C。
34．D
【详解】考查非谓语动词和连词。句意：法国人吃饭时把两只手腕搁在桌子上，而许多美国人则倾向于把左手放在腿上。第一空为with的复合结构，wrist与rest构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾语补足语；第二空表示前后文的对比，应用while，but表示转折，不符合语境。故选D。
35．C
【详解】考查从属连词和虚拟语气。句意：——我可以借你的路易斯·阿姆斯特朗的唱片吗？——如果我记得上一次是谁借的，我很乐意拿给你。A. except that除……之外；B. on condition只要；C. if only要是……就好了；D. now that既然、由于。根据句意可知，借给对方唱片的前提条件是记得被谁拿走了，事实却不记得，此处为与现实相反的假设，可以用if only/on condition that句型，表示虚拟的情况。故选C项。
36．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他记得这件事就像昨天发生的一样，他知道这件事会一直困扰着他，直到他生命的最后一天。A. as因为； B. even though即使； C. since既然；D. as though似乎，好像。根据“it were yesterday”可知，这是由as though引导的虚拟语气，表示好像就在昨天一样。故选D。
37．B
【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：狗与其他驯养动物的不同之处在于它们与人类建立了互惠关系。A. even though尽管，即使；B. in that在于，由于；C. until直到；D. so long as只要。根据句意可知，狗与其他驯养动物的不同就在于它们与人类建立了互惠关系，空后是空前的具体原因，所以应用in that引导原因状语从句。故选B项。
38．B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：对于需要紧急治疗的患者，即使在48小时内新冠病毒检测结果没有呈阴性，公立医院也不能拒绝。A. as long as只要；B. even if即使；C. as though好像；D. no matter无论。根据“Public hospitals cannot refuse patients who need emergency treatment”可知，即使需要紧急治疗的患者没有48小时内新冠病毒检测阴性结果，医院也不能拒绝。故选B。
39．A
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：未来是否有更多的国家能够使用自然能源还有待观察。remain前是主语从句，根据“remains to be seen.”有待观察可知，前面是“是否做某事”，用whether引导主语从句。This这，是代词；Who谁；If如果，引导状语从句。故选A。
40．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：Ellen一听到她通过考试的好消息就激动地跳了起来。A.until 直到……；B. as long as只要；C. as soon as一……就；D. unless除非。分析句子可知，前后句描述的是接连发生的两个短动作，且都使用一般过去时，应使用as soon as连接，表示“一……就”。故选C。
41．A
【详解】考查连词。句意：虽然他老了，但是他仍然可以搬动这个重的包裹。A. though conj. 虽然，尽管；B. since conj. 自从；C. for conj. 因为，由于；D. so conj. 因此。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查引导让步状语从句的连词，表示“虽然，尽管”的意思。故选A。
42．B
【详解】考查条件状语从句和非谓语动词。句意：——我认为这些年的环境很糟糕。——是的，除非政府采取行动保护它，否则情况会更糟。分析句子可知，句子为条件状语从句，空格一处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，应用“unless”引导从句，意为“除非，如果不”；从句中有谓语动词“takes”，故空格二处应用非谓语动词，保护环境是采取行动的目的，故应用动词不定式“to protect”作目的状语。故选B项。
43．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析和条件状语从句。句意：只要父母和孩子之间有良好的沟通和相互理解，他们之间就不会有所谓的代沟。A. As soon as一……就……；B. Even though即使；C. So long as只要；D. Even if即使。结合语境可知，用So long as引导条件状语从句。故选C项。
44．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：随着语言的发展，新词不断出现，而许多词却不再使用。A. unless除非；B. so that以至于；C. while然而；D. in case以防万一。根据句意，此处表达对比，while作连词，符合题意。故选C项。
45．A
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：——我计划今年夏天去爬黄山。你想一起去吗？——哇！那将是令人兴奋和具有挑战性的。算我一个！A. as well as既……又……，也；B. as good as和……一样好；C. as long as只要；D. as far as远至，就……而言。exciting和challenging是两个并列的形容词，用as well as连接。故选A项。
46．B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我以为他在听我的意见，然而他在想他自己的事。A. when当……时候；B. while然而；C. so所以；D. however然而。分析句意可知，上下句为转折关系，however是副词，不能连接句子。故选B。
47．A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他总是想着怎样能为人民做更多的事。think of为固定短语，意为“考虑”；分析句子可知，此句为宾语从句，且宾语从句中不缺成分，连接词在句中作方式状语，意思为“如何”，应用how引导。故选A。
【点睛】
48．A
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：一旦你开始做某件事，你就必须继续做下去，否则你将永远不会取得任何成就。A.Once一旦；B.Unless除非；C.Before在……以前；D.Although尽管。根据下文“you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.”可知，一旦你开始做某事，就要坚持下去，否则不会有成就，故选A。
49．A
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：许多人欢迎有机会做有意义的事情，即使他们得不到报酬。A. even if即使，虽然；B. as if好像；C. in case万一；D. now that既然，由于。由语意可知，此处考查让步状语从句，即使没有报酬，也愿意去做有意义的事。A项符合语境。故选A项。
50．B
【详解】考查连词。句意：根据最近发布的一份报告，北京空气污染的主要原因是汽车尾气排放，而在上海最大的问题是灰尘和重工业。A.as当……时候；B.while然而；C.although尽管；D.where在哪里。根据句意，此处前后文表示对比，用并列连词while表示对比。故选B。
51．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然新冠肺炎大流行是影响国际学生入学的一个主要因素，但美中关系紧张也是原因之一。A. As因为；B. Since自从；C. If如果；D. While虽然。根据“the strained relationship between the US and China also accounted for it.”可知，前后句之间为转折关系，所以用while用引导让步状语从句。故选D。
52．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：既然你知道他们是谁与如何激励他们。思索一下你组织中的摇摆不定的人。just as正如；even though即使；虽然；in case以防；now that既然。根据句意，前后文是因果关系，用now that引导原因状语从句。故选D。
53．B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：好像只过了几分钟，他就下定了决心并把他的决定告诉了我们。A. after在……之后；B. before在……之前；C. when在……时候；D. until直到。分析句子可知，“It seemed only several minutes”和“he made up his mind and told us his decision”都是完整句子，空格处需要填入连词，结合句意，“只过了几分钟”发生在“下定了决心并把他的决定告诉了我们”之前，可用连词before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前”。故选B项。
54．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的使用被法律限制了，最早的可以追溯到14世纪。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是整个主句的内容“Their use was limited by laws”，在从句中做介词“of”的宾语，所以连词用关系代词which。故选B。
55．B
【详解】考查连词。句意：打扫完教室后，我感到很累但很高兴。A. nor也不；B. but但是；C. or或者；D. so所以。根据句意可知，“tired”和“happy”之间为转折关系，很累但很高兴，故空格处应用“but”，意为“但是”，表转折。故选B项。
56．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：——你有听说Tom Smith被解雇了吗？——这并不让人惊讶，因为他从不完成工作。A. why为什么；B. that那个；C. because因为；D. for为了。空处引导表语从句，从句成分完整，但需要“因为”之意，故用because引导。故选C项。
57．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：沿着这条街走100米，然后你就会看到医院。 A. or或者；B. otherwise否则；C. and然后、和；D. or else否则。“祈使句+and/or+简单句”为固定句型，此处应填and表示“然后”。故选C项。
58．D
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：由于这两个国家的社会制度有很大的不同，双方没有必要也不可能改变对方。A. either; or二者择一；B. both; and两者都；C. not; but不是……而是……；D. neither; nor既不……也不……。根据上文“Since these two countries are quite different in the social systems”指两者都不，应用neither…nor…。故选D。
59．A
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：由于我没有什么工作经验，在我找到理想的工作之前，我将不得不接受一系列无薪实习。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. once一旦；D. when当……时候。根据前文“I will have to take a series of unpaid internships”和后文“I can find my ideal job”可知，在找到工作之前，接受无薪实习。故选A项。
60．A
【详解】考查从属连词、固定句式。句意：我想星期二在家工作，但最终证明，有时是星期三或星期四。A. as正像，正如……一样；B. before在……之前；C. when当……时候；D. since自从。as it turns out（表示实际情况和可能情况的对比）是固定句式，意为“最终证明；结果是，实际上”。根据后文内容可知，此处并非时间关系，排除BCD项。故选A项。
单项选择
1．______ I am willing to help, I do not have much time available.
A．Until B．Since C．While D．Whether
2．I was doing my homework ________ it suddenly rained.
A．and B．while C．then D．when
3．I have chosen two courses, and ___________ are of great importance.
A．both of which B．either of which C．both of them D．all of which
4．________ unemployment rate and crime rate are high, it can be supposed that the latter is due to the former.
A．Before B．Where C．Unless D．Until
5．The islanders hadn’t got well prepared ________ they were required to relocate to a nearby island. In fact, it is only two or three years ________ some islanders moved here.
A．since; after B．before; since C．until; that D．after; before
6．There are few of us ______ admire Tanya’s brilliance, eloquence, and leadership.
A．but B．which C．as D．than
7．Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and higher temperatures actually drove the evolution of far greater numbers of new rainforest plant species ______ wiped out.
A．which were B．as were C．than it was D．than were
8．I set the alarm clock before going to bed I should miss the first train to Beijing.
A．so that B．in case C．as if D．even if
9．The group of wild Asian elephants kept walking to the north all the way ______ they were taking a trip.
A．even if B．as if C．now that D．so that
10．We were just about to leave ________Jerry arrived, who seemed to have something urgent to tell us
A．while B．when C．before D．after
11．A student of music needs________ to become a performer as a medical student needs________ a doctor.
A．as long and tough a training；to become B．as long and tough a training；becoming
C．as a long and tough training；to become D．as a long and tough training；becoming
12．____________you stick to reading English aloud every day, your oral English will get better.
A．As long as B．Even though C．As soon as
13．________ we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy.
A．Unless B．Until C．Though D．Whether
14．—_____Mike is now 17, he is still like a little child.
—Well, that’s because he depends on his parents for almost everything.
A．Even though B．When C．Unless D．If
15．________you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the theatre.
A．Though B．Whether C．Until D．Unless
16．Our mother sat us down to read and paint, ________ all we really wanted to do was to make a mess.
A．when B．however C．since D．and
17．I became interested in Beijing opera ________ a small accident.
A．because B．thanks for C．as a result D．thanks to
18．Read the book Cute Pets, ________ you will know how to take care of your cat.
A．or B．so C．and D．but
19．Sweet snacks can give us energy, they are not healthy.
A．and B．or C．but D．then
20．A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active ______ they want.
A．so that B．for fear that C．as long as D．as far as
21．—Is everyone here today
—No. Tom is at home ________ he has got a bad cold.
A．because B．if C．until D．unless
22．The park rules state that no child shall be allowed to play on the slide, ______ accompanied by an adult.
A．if B．when C．unless D．since
23．We cannot expect her to do the homework ______ look after the children.
A．as good as B．as well as C．as far as D．as long as
24．I’ll keep his address ________ I need it.
A．so that B．in order that C．in case D．when
25．Children are admitted________ accompanied by an adult.
A．only if B．even though C．now that D．as though
26．Remember that you won’t be able to cancel the contract ________ you’ve signed.
A．unless B．until C．though D．once
27．Feathers are very light, ______ we say “ as light as a feather ” .
A．in case B．unless C．if D．so that
28．Look! Some boys are playing football________ some girls are relaxing themselves by playing the game of cat and mouse on the playground.
A．otherwise B．since C．while D．however
29．A pen is to a writer ________ a sword is to a warrior.
A．what B．while C．that D．which
30．I will keep drawing and see what happens. ________ I never become famous, this is what I love to do every hour of every day.
A．Even if B．Unless C．So long as D．Now that
31．If you have difficulty in understanding something, you may research, study and talk to other people ______ you figure it out.
A．because B．though C．until D．since
32．Thus not only is he known as s superhero in the Superman films, ________he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.
A．and B．but C．or D．/
33．－Did you explain it to your boss
－He stormed out of the office ________ I could get in a word.
A．since B．when C．before D．after
34．The French eat with both wrists ________on the table, ________many Americans tend to keep their left hands in their laps.
A．rested; but B．rested; while C．resting; but D．resting; while
35．—Could I borrow your Louis Armstrong record, please
—I’d love to get it for you _____ I could remember who last borrowed it.
A．except that B．on condition C．if only D．now that
36．He remembered it _____ it were yesterday and knew it would haunt him until his last day.
A．as B．even though C．since D．as though
37．Dogs are really unique from any other domesticated animals ________they reciprocate (回报) a bond with their humans.
A．even though B．in that C．until D．so long as
38．Public hospitals cannot refuse patients who need emergency treatment ________they do not test negative for COVID-19 within 48 hours.
A．as long as B．even if C．as though D．no matter
39．________ more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
A．Whether B．This C．Who D．If
40．Ellen jumped with excitement ______ she received the good news that she had passed the exam.
A．until B．as long as
C．as soon as D．unless
41．_______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.
A．Though B．Since C．For D．So
42．—I think the environment is terrible these years.
—Yes, it will be even worse________ the government takes action ________ it.
A．until; protect B．unless; to protect C．if; protecting D．unless; protecting
43．_________ there is good communication and mutual (相互的) understanding between parents and children, there will be no so-called generation gap between them.
A．As soon as B．Even though C．So long as D．Even if
44．As a language grows, new words are introduced ______ many words fall out of use.
A．unless B．so that C．while D．in case
45．—I’m planning to climb Mount Huang this summer. Would you like to come along
—Wow! That would be exciting ________ challenging. I’m in!
A．as well as B．as good as C．as long as D．as far as
46．I thought he was listening to my opinions, _____ in fact he was thinking about his own affairs.
A．when B．while C．so D．however
47．He always thinks __________he can do more for the people．
A．of how B．how C．of that D．why
48．________ you begin to do something, you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.
A．Once B．Unless C．Before D．Although
49．Many people welcome the chance to do meaningful things, ________they will get no pay.
A．even if B．as if C．in case D．now that
50．According to a report released recently, the major cause of air pollution in Beijing is vehicle emissions (汽车尾气排放)________ in Shanghai the biggest problem is dust and heavy industry.
A．as B．while C．although D．where
51．________ the COVID-19 pandemic was a primary factor affecting enrolment of international students, the strained relationship between the US and China also accounted for it.
A．As B．Since C．If D．While
52．______ you know who they are and what motivates them, think about the influencers in your organization.
A．Just as B．Even though C．In case D．Now that
53．It seemed only several minutes he made up his mind and told us his decision.
A．after B．before C．when D．until
54．Their use was limited by laws, the first of ________ dates back to the fourteenth century.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
55．After cleaning up the classroom, I felt tired ________ happy.
A．nor B．but C．or D．so
56．---Have you heard that Tom Smith was fired
--- It’s not surprising at all, that’s________ he never finishes any work the boss arranged .
A．why B．that C．because D．for
57．Walk along this road for 100 meters ________ you’ll see the hospital.
A．or B．otherwise C．and D．or else
58．Since these two countries are quite different in the social systems, it is ________ necessary ________ possible for the two sides to change each other.
A．either; or B．both; and C．not; but D．neither; nor
59．Since I have little work experience, I will have to take a series of unpaid internships ________ I can find my ideal job.
A．before B．after C．once D．when
60．I want to work at home on a Tuesday but ________ it turns out, sometimes it’s a Wednesday or a Thursday.
A．as B．before C．when D．Since
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查从属连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很愿意帮忙，但是我没有太多的时间。A. Until直到；B. Since既然，自从；C. While虽然；D. Whether是否，无论。分析句子，设空处使用连词连接前后两个句子，此处表示让步转折，用while。故选C。
2．D
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我正在做作业时，突然下起了雨。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型be doing sth. +when…，意为“当一件事情正在发生时，突然另外一件事发生了”，此时的when为并列连词，相当于and then，故选D项。
3．C
【详解】考查并列分句。句意：我选了两门课，这两门课都很重要。根据句中连词and可知，这里为并列分句，而非定语从句。所以用代词them指代前句中的 courses，用both of表示“两者都”。故选C。
4．B
【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，可以认为后者是前者造成的。A. Before在……之前；B. Where在……地方；C. Unless除非；D. Until直到。由语意可知，在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，人们认为犯罪率由失业率造成；此处考查引导地点状语从句的引导词，应用where来引导。故选B项。
5．B
【详解】考查连词。句意：岛民们还没有做好充分准备，就被要求迁移到附近的一个岛上。事实上，一些岛民搬到这里才两三年。since自……以后； after在……之后；before在……之前；until直到……为止。分析句意可知，“The islanders hadn’t got well prepared”发生在“they wersince; aftere required to relocate to a nearby island”之前，用before引导时间状语从句，故第1空用连词before；“it is+一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句”是固定句型，故第2空用连词since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”。故选B项。
6．A
【详解】考查but用法。句意：我们中很少有人不钦佩谭雅的才华、口才和领导力。分析句子可知，此处but用于主句是否定含义（few）的复合句，引导一个肯定结构的从句。其引导的从句可以是主语从句，定语从句，状语从句等，此时的but相当于who/ that/ which... not。故选A项。
7．D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大气中不断上升的二氧化碳和更高的温度实际上推动了热带雨林新植物物种的进化，数量远远超过了被消灭的物种。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词numbers被形容词比较级greater修饰，且从句缺少主语，应用准关系代词than引导从句，此时than为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。故选D。
8．B
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：我在睡觉前把闹钟定好了，以防错过第一班去北京的火车。A. so that以便、所以，引导目的状语从句；B. in case以防、万一，引导目的状语从句；C. as if好像、似乎，引导方式状语从句； D. even if即使、虽然，引导让步状语从句。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“提前设置闹钟，以防错过第一班火车”，前面是结果，后面是目的，此处“错过火车”偏负面，应用in case引导。故选B项。
9．B
【详解】考查方式状语从句和从句连词。句意：这群野生亚洲象一路向北走，好像在旅行。A. even if虽然，即使；B. as if好像，仿佛；C. now that既然；D. so that以便。分析句子可知，句子为方式状语从句，野生亚洲象好像在旅行，根据句意可知，应用“as if”引导从句，意为“好像，仿佛”。故选B项。
10．B
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们正要离开时，杰瑞来了，他似乎有急事要处理。A. while当……的时候；B. when在……时候；C. before在……之前；D. after在……之后。固定句型be about to do sth. when...“正打算做某事突然……”，when是并列连词。故选B。
11．A
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：一名音乐专业的学生要想成为一名演奏者，就像一名医科学生要成为一名医生一样，需要经过长期艰苦的训练。根据后面的as可知，第一空格处是as……as句型，句型为：as+形容词+名词+as，再分析句意，名词training前用不定冠词a泛指“一种”音乐专业的训练，符合语境；第二个空格处用动词不定式来表目的与上文的to become并列。故选A项。
12．A
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：只要你坚持每天大声朗读英语，你的口语就会更好。A. As long as只要；B. Even though尽管；C. As soon as一……就……。分析句子可知，句子为条件状语从句，空格处内容引导从句，根据句意可知，应用“As long as”引导从句，意为“只要”，表示只要你坚持每天大声朗读英语，你的口语就会更好。故选A项。
13．A
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：除非我们处理好我们的问题，否则我们很容易变得不快乐。A. Unless除非；B. Until直到；C. Though虽然；D. Whether是否。由“we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy”可知，句子表示“除非我们处理好我们的问题，否则我们很容易变得不快乐”，空格处意为“除非”，用unless，引导条件状语从句，故选A。
14．A
【详解】考查连词。句意：——尽管麦克现在17岁了，可是他仍然像个小孩。——是的，那是因为他什么事情都依赖父母。A. Even though尽管，即使；B. When当……的时候；C. Unless除非；D. If假如。由句意可知，前半句说的是麦克17岁了，后半句却说他还像个小孩。前后句是转折关系，所以用连词even though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，即使”。故选A项。
15．D
【详解】考查连词。句意：除非你打电话告诉我你不来了，我就在剧院见你。A.Though尽管； B.Whether是否；C.Until直到；D.Unless除非。分析句子，设空处填写的是条件状语从句从句引导词。unless意为“除非”，符合句意。故选D。
16．A
【详解】考查连词和副词辨析。句意：我们的父母让我们坐下来读书、画画，而我们真正想做的是打打闹闹。A. when虽然，然而；B. however然而；C. since既然；D. and并且。分析句子可知，前后文是句子，需填连词，however是副词，排除B项。两句表让步，应用when引导让步状语从句，这里的when，用于引出使句子的其他部分显得让人吃惊或不大可能的事实或评论，意思是“虽然，然而”。故选A项。
17．D
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我对京剧产生兴趣是由于一个小意外。A. because因为；B. thanks for因……而感谢；C. as a result结果；D. thanks to由于，多亏。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语thanks to“由于，多亏”，满足句意，because也有“因为，由于”的意思，但是because后需接句子，不可接名词或名词短语。故选D项。
18．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：读了《可爱的宠物》这本书，你就会知道如何照顾你的猫。A. or或者；B. so因此；C. and和；D. but但是。分析句子结构可知，此处是祈使句的特殊句型，其结构为：祈使句, and/or+陈述句，此处前后表示顺承关系，所以此处需用连词and。故选C。
19．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：甜食能给我们能量，但是它们是不健康的。A. and和，并且；B. or或者；C. but但是；D. then然后。结合语意，甜食能给我们能量，但是它们是不健康的，句子前后是转折关系，应用连词but，表示“但是”。故选C项。
20．C
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：应组织各种各样的活动，以便参与者只要愿意就可以保持活跃。A. so that 以便；B. for fear that 唯恐，生怕；C. as long as 只要；D. as far as 就...而言。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“只要”意思的连词，引导条件状语从句。故选C。
21．A
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：——今天大家都到齐了吗？——不。汤姆在家，因为他得了重感冒。由“he has got a bad cold”可知，空格后是汤姆在家的原因，空格处意为“因为”，是because，引导原因状语从句，故选A。
22．C
【详解】考查状语从句和连词。句意：公园规则规定，除非有大人陪同，否则不允许孩子玩滑梯。A. if如果；B. when在……时候；C. unless除非；D. since自……以来。结合句意，分析句子可知，“ accompanied by an adult.”是省略后的条件状语从句，是“no child shall be allowed to play on the slide”的条件，用连词unless引导该从句，其意为“除非；如果不”。故选C项。
23．B
【详解】考查固定短语语义辨析。句意：我们不能指望她既做作业又照顾孩子。A. as good as和……一样好，不亚于；B. as well as既……又……；C. as far as远至，就……而言；D. as long as只要。根据句意可知，不能指望她既干这个又干那个。故选B项。
24．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我会保留他的地址，以备不时之需。A. so that以便，因此；B. in order that为了；C. in case以防；D. when当……时候。根据“I’ll keep his address”可知，此处是指存下地址以备不时之需，用in case“以防”引导目的状语从句。故选C。
25．A
【详解】考查状语从句连接词辨析。句意：只有在成人陪同下，儿童才能进入。A. only if只有；B. even though尽管；C. now that既然；D. as though好像。由句意可知，儿童被允许，只有在有大人陪同下才行。故选A项。
26．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：记住，一旦你签了合同就不能取消。A. unless除非；B. until直到；C. though尽管；D. once一旦。结合句意可知，此处指“一旦你签了合同就不能取消”，用once引导条件状语从句。故选D项。
27．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：羽毛很轻，所以我们说“轻如鸿毛”。A. in case以防，以防万一；B. unless除非；C. if如果；D. so that因此。根据前后文句意可知，前后是因果关系，故用so that引导结果状语从句。故选D项。
28．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：看！一些男孩在踢足球，而一些女孩在操场上玩猫捉老鼠的游戏来放松自己。A. otherwise 否则；B. since 自从；C. while 然而； D.however无论……。结合空处前后可知，“一些男孩在踢足球”与“一些女孩在做游戏”是对比关系，因此需要使用并列转折关系。“while”意为“然而”，故选C。
29．A
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：笔之于作家，犹如剑之于战士。A. what什么，……的东西；B. while当，然而；C. that（无意义）；D. which哪一个。此处为固定句型：A is to B what C is to D“A之于B，正如C之于D”，what引导表语从句。故选A。
30．A
【详解】考查连词。句意：我继续画，看看会发生什么。 即使我永远不会出名，这也是我每天每时每刻都喜欢做的事。A. even if即使；B. unless除非；C. so long as只要；D. now that既然。根据前后两句可知是让步关系，even if引导让步状语从句，“即使”符合句意，故选A项。
31．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你在理解某件事上有困难，你可以研究、学习并与其他人交谈，直到你弄明白为止。A. because因为；B. though虽然，尽管；C. until直到……为止；D. since自从。分析句子可知，句子为时间状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，句中表示“直到你弄明白为止”，故应用“until”引导从句，意为“直到……为止”。故选C项。
32．B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：因此，他不仅在《超人》电影中被称为超级英雄，在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。A. and并且，并列关系；B. but但是，构成not only…but also…句型；C. or或者，选择关系。根据上文“not only is he known as s superhero in the Superman films”可知为句型not only…but also…，also可以省略。故选B。
33．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：——你跟你老板解释了吗？——我还没来得及插话，他就怒气冲冲地离开了办公室。A. since自从；B. when当……时候；C. before在……之前；D. after在……之后。根据前后文语境可知，“离开办公室”发生在“插话”之前，应用before。故选C。
34．D
【详解】考查非谓语动词和连词。句意：法国人吃饭时把两只手腕搁在桌子上，而许多美国人则倾向于把左手放在腿上。第一空为with的复合结构，wrist与rest构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾语补足语；第二空表示前后文的对比，应用while，but表示转折，不符合语境。故选D。
35．C
【详解】考查从属连词和虚拟语气。句意：——我可以借你的路易斯·阿姆斯特朗的唱片吗？——如果我记得上一次是谁借的，我很乐意拿给你。A. except that除……之外；B. on condition只要；C. if only要是……就好了；D. now that既然、由于。根据句意可知，借给对方唱片的前提条件是记得被谁拿走了，事实却不记得，此处为与现实相反的假设，可以用if only/on condition that句型，表示虚拟的情况。故选C项。
36．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他记得这件事就像昨天发生的一样，他知道这件事会一直困扰着他，直到他生命的最后一天。A. as因为； B. even though即使； C. since既然；D. as though似乎，好像。根据“it were yesterday”可知，这是由as though引导的虚拟语气，表示好像就在昨天一样。故选D。
37．B
【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：狗与其他驯养动物的不同之处在于它们与人类建立了互惠关系。A. even though尽管，即使；B. in that在于，由于；C. until直到；D. so long as只要。根据句意可知，狗与其他驯养动物的不同就在于它们与人类建立了互惠关系，空后是空前的具体原因，所以应用in that引导原因状语从句。故选B项。
38．B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：对于需要紧急治疗的患者，即使在48小时内新冠病毒检测结果没有呈阴性，公立医院也不能拒绝。A. as long as只要；B. even if即使；C. as though好像；D. no matter无论。根据“Public hospitals cannot refuse patients who need emergency treatment”可知，即使需要紧急治疗的患者没有48小时内新冠病毒检测阴性结果，医院也不能拒绝。故选B。
39．A
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：未来是否有更多的国家能够使用自然能源还有待观察。remain前是主语从句，根据“remains to be seen.”有待观察可知，前面是“是否做某事”，用whether引导主语从句。This这，是代词；Who谁；If如果，引导状语从句。故选A。
40．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：Ellen一听到她通过考试的好消息就激动地跳了起来。A.until 直到……；B. as long as只要；C. as soon as一……就；D. unless除非。分析句子可知，前后句描述的是接连发生的两个短动作，且都使用一般过去时，应使用as soon as连接，表示“一……就”。故选C。
41．A
【详解】考查连词。句意：虽然他老了，但是他仍然可以搬动这个重的包裹。A. though conj. 虽然，尽管；B. since conj. 自从；C. for conj. 因为，由于；D. so conj. 因此。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查引导让步状语从句的连词，表示“虽然，尽管”的意思。故选A。
42．B
【详解】考查条件状语从句和非谓语动词。句意：——我认为这些年的环境很糟糕。——是的，除非政府采取行动保护它，否则情况会更糟。分析句子可知，句子为条件状语从句，空格一处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，应用“unless”引导从句，意为“除非，如果不”；从句中有谓语动词“takes”，故空格二处应用非谓语动词，保护环境是采取行动的目的，故应用动词不定式“to protect”作目的状语。故选B项。
43．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析和条件状语从句。句意：只要父母和孩子之间有良好的沟通和相互理解，他们之间就不会有所谓的代沟。A. As soon as一……就……；B. Even though即使；C. So long as只要；D. Even if即使。结合语境可知，用So long as引导条件状语从句。故选C项。
44．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：随着语言的发展，新词不断出现，而许多词却不再使用。A. unless除非；B. so that以至于；C. while然而；D. in case以防万一。根据句意，此处表达对比，while作连词，符合题意。故选C项。
45．A
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：——我计划今年夏天去爬黄山。你想一起去吗？——哇！那将是令人兴奋和具有挑战性的。算我一个！A. as well as既……又……，也；B. as good as和……一样好；C. as long as只要；D. as far as远至，就……而言。exciting和challenging是两个并列的形容词，用as well as连接。故选A项。
46．B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我以为他在听我的意见，然而他在想他自己的事。A. when当……时候；B. while然而；C. so所以；D. however然而。分析句意可知，上下句为转折关系，however是副词，不能连接句子。故选B。
47．A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他总是想着怎样能为人民做更多的事。think of为固定短语，意为“考虑”；分析句子可知，此句为宾语从句，且宾语从句中不缺成分，连接词在句中作方式状语，意思为“如何”，应用how引导。故选A。
【点睛】
48．A
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：一旦你开始做某件事，你就必须继续做下去，否则你将永远不会取得任何成就。A.Once一旦；B.Unless除非；C.Before在……以前；D.Although尽管。根据下文“you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.”可知，一旦你开始做某事，就要坚持下去，否则不会有成就，故选A。
49．A
【详解】考查从属连词。句意：许多人欢迎有机会做有意义的事情，即使他们得不到报酬。A. even if即使，虽然；B. as if好像；C. in case万一；D. now that既然，由于。由语意可知，此处考查让步状语从句，即使没有报酬，也愿意去做有意义的事。A项符合语境。故选A项。
50．B
【详解】考查连词。句意：根据最近发布的一份报告，北京空气污染的主要原因是汽车尾气排放，而在上海最大的问题是灰尘和重工业。A.as当……时候；B.while然而；C.although尽管；D.where在哪里。根据句意，此处前后文表示对比，用并列连词while表示对比。故选B。
51．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然新冠肺炎大流行是影响国际学生入学的一个主要因素，但美中关系紧张也是原因之一。A. As因为；B. Since自从；C. If如果；D. While虽然。根据“the strained relationship between the US and China also accounted for it.”可知，前后句之间为转折关系，所以用while用引导让步状语从句。故选D。
52．D
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：既然你知道他们是谁与如何激励他们。思索一下你组织中的摇摆不定的人。just as正如；even though即使；虽然；in case以防；now that既然。根据句意，前后文是因果关系，用now that引导原因状语从句。故选D。
53．B
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：好像只过了几分钟，他就下定了决心并把他的决定告诉了我们。A. after在……之后；B. before在……之前；C. when在……时候；D. until直到。分析句子可知，“It seemed only several minutes”和“he made up his mind and told us his decision”都是完整句子，空格处需要填入连词，结合句意，“只过了几分钟”发生在“下定了决心并把他的决定告诉了我们”之前，可用连词before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前”。故选B项。
54．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的使用被法律限制了，最早的可以追溯到14世纪。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是整个主句的内容“Their use was limited by laws”，在从句中做介词“of”的宾语，所以连词用关系代词which。故选B。
55．B
【详解】考查连词。句意：打扫完教室后，我感到很累但很高兴。A. nor也不；B. but但是；C. or或者；D. so所以。根据句意可知，“tired”和“happy”之间为转折关系，很累但很高兴，故空格处应用“but”，意为“但是”，表转折。故选B项。
56．C
【详解】考查连词。句意：——你有听说Tom Smith被解雇了吗？——这并不让人惊讶，因为他从不完成工作。A. why为什么；B. that那个；C. because因为；D. for为了。空处引导表语从句，从句成分完整，但需要“因为”之意，故用because引导。故选C项。
57．C
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：沿着这条街走100米，然后你就会看到医院。 A. or或者；B. otherwise否则；C. and然后、和；D. or else否则。“祈使句+and/or+简单句”为固定句型，此处应填and表示“然后”。故选C项。
58．D
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：由于这两个国家的社会制度有很大的不同，双方没有必要也不可能改变对方。A. either; or二者择一；B. both; and两者都；C. not; but不是……而是……；D. neither; nor既不……也不……。根据上文“Since these two countries are quite different in the social systems”指两者都不，应用neither…nor…。故选D。
59．A
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：由于我没有什么工作经验，在我找到理想的工作之前，我将不得不接受一系列无薪实习。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. once一旦；D. when当……时候。根据前文“I will have to take a series of unpaid internships”和后文“I can find my ideal job”可知，在找到工作之前，接受无薪实习。故选A项。
60．A
【详解】考查从属连词、固定句式。句意：我想星期二在家工作，但最终证明，有时是星期三或星期四。A. as正像，正如……一样；B. before在……之前；C. when当……时候；D. since自从。as it turns out（表示实际情况和可能情况的对比）是固定句式，意为“最终证明；结果是，实际上”。根据后文内容可知，此处并非时间关系，排除BCD项。故选A项。