外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 6 Nurturing nature课时教学课件（2份打包+2份学案）

(共80张PPT)
Unit 6　Nurturing nature
头脑风暴·思维发散
The natural environment is the basis of human survival.Nature has given us green mountains,clear waters,blue sky,rich land,and beautiful scenery.Meanwhile,more and more fatal events,such as bushfires in Australia in 2019,has warned that it is vitally important to love and honour nature.This year,many projects have been done to build in harmony with rather than atop the natural world.After all,“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”.Can you find more examples about what humans have done to protect our nurturing nature
Part 1　Starting out,Understanding ideas,
Using language
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
语法专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与自然——人对自然的改造和保护。
2.语篇类型:游记。
3.课文内容分析:作者通过描述自己的一次“天路”之旅,回顾了建设者们在青藏
铁路修建过程中始终以生态保护为前提,克服重重困难,最终建成这条“不可能
建成的”铁路的历程,表达了自己作为其中一名建设者的自豪之情,也表达了工
程建设要以生态保护为前提的环保理念。阅读本文,有利于引导学生感受自然的
美丽与神奇,体会修建青藏铁路的艰辛,同时认识到保护生态环境的重要性。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
The Sky Railway
Sitting
am about to
Taking
concerns
catch my eye
before
Using
have been enjoying
重点词汇
1.Sitting back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about to
travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was
“impossible”.(教材第62页)
靠坐在火车的座位上,我仍然不敢相信,我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建
成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
◆claim v.宣称;要求;索取;认领 n.声明;索取
核心知识·深入探究
He claims that he was not given a fair hearing.
他声称他未得到公正的申辩机会。
Now they are returning to claim what was theirs.
现在他们回来索要原本属于他们的东西。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①They intend to claim 　　　　 damages against the driver.
②They claim to 　　　　　　　　 (discover) a cure for the disease.
③He claimed himself 　　　　 (be) an engineer.
for
have discovered
to be
2.The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the
mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of
the world”.(教材第62页)
当火车开过“世界屋脊”时,“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词变得更加生动鲜活
起来。
◆massive adj.巨大的
He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
(2021年全国乙卷,阅读理解C)
他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑,迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。
Not this polar bear though—he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws.(2020年浙江卷,读后续写)
可是这头熊却没有被吓走——他只是一直用他那巨大的爪子撕扯着篱笆。
The scale of the problem is massive.
这个问题涉及面广泛。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①There were 　　　 　 (massive) of dark clouds in the sky.
②We have seen 　　　 　 (mass) changes in recent years.
③China has 　　　 　 (massive) increased its science and technology
investments in recent years.
masses
massive
massively
3.I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on
this railway.(教材第62页)
修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地,而我就是其中之一。
◆work on从事,忙于
He has been working on a new novel for over a year now.
最近一年多来,他一直在写一部新小说。
We work on improving visual acuity.
我们致力于提高视敏度。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①在过去的十年里,我的家乡发生了很大的变化,呈现出崭新的面貌。
In the past ten years,great changes have taken place in my hometown,
making it 　　　　　　　　 a new look.
②邦纳教授一直在从事这种生物的研究工作。
Professor Bonner has been 　　　　　　　　 creatures of this type.
③万物生长靠太阳。
All living things 　　　　　　　　 the sun for their growth.
take on
working on
depend/rely on
4.How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.(教
材第63页)
其中,如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
◆concern n.担心,关爱;令人担忧的事
v.担忧;关心;与……有关
My main concern now is to protect the children.
我现在主要关心的就是要保护好孩子们。
If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability,be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷,七选五)
如果真的担心教授的专业性或能力,一定要使用在线课程评估,冷静地提出你的意见。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Everyone should be concerned 　　 　　 the impact of information
technology on future life.
②As far as I’m 　 　　　 (concern),I think sports are good for you.
③The meeting also discussed issues 　　　 　 (concern) the people’s
daily life.
about
concerned
concerning
5.The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge,
the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.(教材第63页)
最先映入眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河特大桥,它是世界上最长的高原冻土
铁路桥。
◆catch one’s eye引起某人的注意;吸引某人的视线
The pictures Mary added to her website did catch the eye of a number of visitors.
玛丽添加到网站上的图片确实吸引了一些游客的注意。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①让我喘口气。我好累!
Let me 　　　　　　　　　　　　 for a moment.I’m very tired!
②他因病休学一学期,不得不努力学习赶上别的同学。
After missing a term through illness,he had to work hard to
　　　　　　　　　 the others.
③抓住每次机会,那么你就有可能成功地获得你想要的东西。
　　　　　　　 　 every opportunity and you’ll succeed in getting
what you want.
catch my breath
catch up with
Catch hold of
6.Water birds playing in the lake,and cattle and sheep wandering the
grasslands bring the scenery to life.(教材第63页)
在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟,在草原上游荡的牛羊,让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
◆wander v.徘徊
When I returned to London in 2004,I found myself wandering down to Southbank,spending hours there.(2021年全国甲卷,阅读理解C)
2004年,当我回到伦敦时,我发现自己徘徊在南岸,在那里待了几个小时。
People’s attention wanders constantly.In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
人们会不断走神。事实上,大多数人只能理解演讲者信息的20%。
I like to wander in the park after dinner.
我喜欢晚饭后在公园里闲逛。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①每当孩子们离家后,她总是若有所失地在屋子前后转来转去。
When the children left home,she was used to 　　 　　　　　　　　　　.
as if she’d lost something.
②我回想起整个事件,就仿佛是昨天发生似的。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　 the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
③那孩子走散后迷路了。
The child 　　　　　　　　　 and got lost.
wandering around the house
wandered back to
wandered off
7.However,the local people worry that building the hotel is not eco-
friendly and will disturb the wildlife,in particular the turtles
which lay their eggs on White Beach.(教材第67页)
然而,当地人担心建造酒店不环保,会干扰野生动物,尤其是在白沙滩产卵的海龟。
◆disturb v.干扰,扰乱
It disturbed her to realise that she was alone.
她意识到自己孤身一人,心里感到很不安。
I could see he was disturbed and considerably puzzled.
我看得出来,他有些烦躁,还相当困惑不安。
Ella had an unpleasant and disturbing dream.
艾拉做了一个噩梦。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①However,I soon discover that much has changed since the days of
　 　　　 (disturb) reports of camps among tons of rubbish.
②He was 　 　　　 (disturb) to hear of her illness.
③Tourism possibly 　　 　　 (disturb) the delicate balance of nature
on the island.
disturbing
disturbed
disturbs
长难句分析
1.Sitting back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about to
travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was
“impossible”.(教材第62页)
靠坐在火车的座位上,我仍然不敢相信,我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
本句中Sitting back in my seat为句子的状语,sit与句子主语I之间为主动关系,故用-ing形式;句子谓语动词 believe后接that引导的宾语从句;在宾语从句中包含that引导的定语从句,先行词为railway,其中that在定语从句中作宾语。
语境运用
单句情境写作
①看到树木在微风中摇曳,我意识到我们做了一件人们应该做的伟大工作。
.
.
Seeing the trees waving in the breeze,I realise that we have done a great job that people should do.
②清晰而深思熟虑地写这本书,作者认为它能激发学生们渴望寻找自己答案的信心。
.
.
Clearly and thoughtfully writing the book,the author believes that it can inspire the confidence that students desire to seek their own answers.
③目睹这场交通事故,许多司机认为他们必须遵守每个司机都要熟记的交通规则。
.
Witnessing the accident,many drivers think that they must obey the traffic rules that every driver has to memorize.
.
2.Water birds playing in the lake,and cattle and sheep wandering the
grasslands bring the scenery to life.(教材第63页)
在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟,在草原上游荡的牛羊,让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
本句主语为两个并列的-ing形式的复合结构,Water birds和cattle and sheep分别为play和wander的逻辑主语。
语境运用
单句情境写作
①月亮在天空中散发光芒,昆虫在草丛中鸣叫,夜晚宁静安谧。
.
.
The moon shining in the sky,and insects singing in grass create a quiet night.
②河水静静地流淌,花儿静静地绽放,形成了一幅甜美的画卷。
.
.
The river flowing quietly,and flowers blooming quietly form a sweet and beautiful picture.
③观众为足球运动员欢呼,运动员们奋力来回奔跑,比赛精彩纷呈。
.
.
The audience cheering for the football players,and the players running energetically back and forth make the match exciting and wonderful.
备用讲义
1.How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.(教材
第63页)
其中,如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
How to protect the delicate ecosystem 属于“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构,在句中作主语,视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
语境运用
用“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构完成句子
①这些学生经常讨论如何提高英语。
　　 　　　　　　　　　　 is often discussed among the students.
②他们正在讨论去哪儿过暑假。
They are discussing　　 　　　　　　　　.
③问题是晚饭吃什么。
The problem is　　 　　　　　　　　.
④是否要帮助他,这个问题使这个女孩很苦恼。
The question　　　　　　　　 　　 troubled the girl.
How to improve English
where to go for the summer holiday
what to eat for dinner
whether to help him
2.Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals
to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.(教材第63页)
铁路桥下修建了三十三条野生动物通道,让动物得以在自然栖息地中安全自由地通行。
◆allow v.允许,给予,允许进入(或出去、通过)
For him,it was one thing to accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it could be fixed so easily.
(2020江苏,完形填空)
对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下,让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。
The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s,allowing for a new generation of virtual reality.(2020江苏)
6G的速度将超过每秒125 GB,使得新一代的虚拟现实技术成为可能。
The manager doesn’t allow smoking in his office.
经理不准别人在他的办公室里吸烟。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The doctor may allow her 　　　 　 (return) to work next week.
②We don’t allow 　　　　 (smoke) in public places.
完成句子
③It will take about an hour to get there,　　 　 　(考虑到) traffic
delays.
to return
smoking
allowing for
3.They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100
kilometres an hour.(教材第63页)
它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度呼啸而过。
◆unaware adj.不知道,没意识到,未察觉
He was completely unaware of the whole affair.
他对整件事情一无所知。
She was unaware that I could see her.
她没想到我能看见她。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The aim of the festival is to increase 　　　 　 (aware) of Chinese
culture and traditions.
②He was well aware 　　　　 the problem.
③Everybody should be made 　　　　(unaware) of the risks involved.
awareness
of
aware
4.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway ,and did so with
the care that the environment deserves.(教材第63页)
我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路,并且给予当地环境充分的保护,我为此感
到骄傲和自豪。
◆proud adj.骄傲的,自豪的
How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)
当她们给躺在床上的母亲送来早餐时,她会多么高兴和自豪啊。
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
(2019全国Ⅱ,语法填空)
拿着“终身成就”奖,自豪的艾琳宣布她没有打算离开她从事了36年的事业。
The two keepers are proud of their productive work.(2019江苏,完形填空)
这两位饲养员为他们卓有成效的工作感到自豪。
She was proud that her daughter was so gifted.
女儿这么有天赋令她感到自豪。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①We take great 　　　　 (proud) in offering the best service in town.
②I feel very proud 　　　　 (be) a part of the team.
③She is proud 　　　　 her horsemanship.
pride
to be
of
语法专项指导
现在完成进行时
语法原句再现
1.The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining.(教材第
62页)
2.All this time,the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my
head.(教材第62页)
3.Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these
passages for years.(教材第63页)
4.The journey has been flying by,and before I know it,we have reached
Tanggula Station.(教材第63页)
5.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for
centuries.(教材第 63页)
6.Now,thanks to our efforts,passengers from all over the country have
been enjoying these magical landscapes.(教材第63页)
仔细阅读上述句子,理解其意思可以发现,句中加粗部分的时态为现在完成进行时。
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
1.现在完成进行时是英语中动词的一种基本时态,其构成为“助动词(have/
has)+been+现在分词”。表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚
终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去。经常与其搭配的词有since、for、all
week(month/year)、in the past few weeks (months/years)、recently等。
具体用法如下:
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for over two thousand years.
中国有两千多年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
I have been learning English since three years before.
三年以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去)
(2)表示一个进行了很长时间并且刚刚完成了的动作。
Oh,here you are!We have been looking for you everywhere.
哦,你在这里!我们一直在到处找你。(说话时刚刚找到)
(3)表示现在以前一直在进行的动作,强调动作的未完成性,或不间断性。
It has been raining for three days.
已经下了三天的雨了。(现在还没停止)
语境运用
完成句子
①你学习法语多久了
How long 　　　　　　　　　　　　 French
②他眼睛红了,准是最近工作太辛苦了。
His eyes are red.He 　　 　　　　　　　　 too hard recently.
have you been learning
must have been working
2.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别。
(1)现在完成进行时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。
They have been widening the road.
他们在加宽马路。(但尚未完工)
They have widened the road.
他们加宽了马路。(已完工)
(2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。
Have you been meeting her lately (a)
你最近一直和她见面吗
Have you met her lately (b)
你最近见过她吗
(a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often、every day等时
间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复。
(3)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的
结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。
We have been cleaning the classroom.
我们一直打扫教室来着。(直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰)
We have cleaned the classroom.
我们把教室打扫过了。(其结果是:现在教室很整洁,可以用了)
(4)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感彩,而现在完成时往往只说明
一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感彩可言。
What have you been doing (a)你都干了些什么
What have you done (b)你做了什么
(a)句表示惊异,(b)句只是一个问题。
语境运用
完成句子
①他整个晚上都坐在那儿学习。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 there studying all evening.
②我们今天上午同他谈过话。
We 　　　　　　　　 to him this morning.
has been sitting
have talked
1.People 　 　　　 (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient
Greece.(2021年全国乙卷,阅读理解A)
真题体验
答案及剖析:
1.have been pouring　考查现在完成进行时。表示pour这个动作是持续进行直到现在,故用现在完成进行时。
have been pouring
2.—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I　 　 　　(practise) a lot these days.
(2020年天津卷,单项填空)
答案及剖析:
2.have been practising　考查现在完成进行时。表示practise这个动作在these days是一直进行的,且造成一种结果:游泳游得好。故用现在完成进行时。
have been practising
3.It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research
indicates that the numbers 　 　　　 (rise) for some time.
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解C)
答案及剖析:
3.have been rising　考查现在完成进行时。表示rise这个动作是持续进行的,故用现在完成进行时。
have been rising
4.For the past two years,Gordon’s students 　 　　　 (study)
ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think they’re close to
a solution.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解D)
答案及剖析:
4.have been studying　考查现在完成进行时。表示study这个动作是持续进行直到现在,故用现在完成进行时。
have been studying
5.“People 　　 　　 (sit) there and standing there and taking
pictures of each other,” Ro says.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷,完形填空)
答案及剖析:
5.have been sitting　考查现在完成进行时。表示sit这个动作是持续进行直到现在,故用现在完成进行时。
have been sitting
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.“In fact,tradition also refers to the things that　 　　 　.
(develop) and that are still being created,” he said.
2.Companies 　　 　　 (test) their vehicles in cities across
the country.
3.Languages 　 　　　 (come) and going for thousands of years.
4.We 　 　　　 (stay) in a hotel since we came here.
5.—How long have you been studying here
—I 　　 　　 (study) here for five years.
have been developing
have been testing
have been coming
have been staying
have been studying
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.I 　　 　　　　　　　　　　 (一直在粉刷) the room this morning and I
have to continue my work.
2.Jack 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一直在尝试) to phone in your programme
for the last half hour.
3.—Take a break,Amy.You 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一直练习) the piano
all the morning.
—I’d like to,because next week I will be giving a concert at the
concert hall.
4.Marty 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一直工作) really hard on his book and
thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
5.I wonder if John has forgotten my number.I 　　　 　　　　　　　　　.
(一直期待) him to call me for the past two hours.
have been painting
has been trying
have been practising
has been working
have been expecting
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Mary 　　 　　(work) really hard on her book and thinks
she’ll have finished it by Friday.
2.We have 　　 　　(mass) renewable energy potential but we use only a
fraction of it.
3.He took the machine apart to show every details of its 　 .　　　
(operate).
4.He reads books　　　　 his leisure.
5.　　 　　(conservation) are fighting to save our local
animals.
has been working
massive
operation
at
Conservationists
6.Our future prosperity depends on 　　 　　(economy) growth.
7.　　　　 I know it, we have been on the way to the palace.
8.Pollution can have disastrous effects on the 　 　　　(delicate)
balanced ecosystem.
9.The boy was 　　 　　(wander) around as if he was lost.
10.The following programme contains scenes that may be 　　　　 .
(disturb) to some viewers.
economic
Before
delicately
wandering
disturbing
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.When I opened the door, a parcel on the floor .　　　　　　　　　　　　
(引起我的注意).
2.You can take part in various activities 　　　　　　　　　　(闲暇时).
3.He has spent the last two years 　　　　　　　　(从事) a book about
childcare.
4.Mankind is probably more aware of these problems worldwide than ever
before 　　　　　　 　　 (多亏) advances in technology and
communication.
5.The museum　 　　　　　　　 (位于) the edge of the airfield.In
general,exhibits are in good condition.
caught my eye
at your leisure
working on
thanks to
is located at
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读
A
A biologist once criticised for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation-for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 65-year-old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel.At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth.However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding(人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds’ nests and hatching them under incubators(孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof Jones was awarded the $250,000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn’t enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time.In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53.He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
语篇导读:本文是一篇人物介绍。文章主要介绍了卡尔·琼斯教授因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责,之后在保护动物领域被授予诺贝尔奖,他用自己的方法挽救了九种濒危物种的事迹。阅读本文,有利于提升学生保护鸟类的意识。
1.What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2
A.Return. B.Level.
C.Honor. D.Research.
答案及剖析:
1.C　猜测词义题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知,画线词意为“荣誉”。故选C。
2.What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4
A.Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B.The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.
C.Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.
D.It’s difficult to protect kestrel.
答案及剖析:
2.A　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段的最后两句以及第四段的第一句可知,当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩四只,琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼,十年后,毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到三百多只,如今在野外,毛里求斯红隼约有四百只。由此可推知,从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋的方法效果很好。故选A。
3.Prof Jones’ idea of taking eggs from the birds’ nests 　　　.
A.was proved of no use
B.was widely accepted
C.was promoted officially
D.was criticised by some people
答案及剖析:
3.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据倒数第二段的“dead loss”和最后一句可知,琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。故选D。
B
The world is a greener place than it was 20 years ago.A study published in the journal Nature Sustainability said that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent (显著的) in China and India.The study shows that human activity in China and India dominates this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture.The effect comes mostly from ambitious tree-planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries.
“China and India account for one-third of the greening,” said lead author Chi Chen of Boston University.“That is a surprising finding, considering the vague idea of land degradation (毁坏) in populous countries from overexploitation,” added Chen.China alone accounts for 25 percent of the global net increase in leaf area with only 6.6 percent of global vegetated area.The greening in China is from forests (42 percent) and croplands (32 percent), but in India, it is mostly from croplands (82 percent) with the minor contribution from forests (4.4 percent).
China’s outsized contribution to the global greening trend comes in large part from its programs to conserve and expand forests with the goal of preventing land degradation, air pollution, and climate change.
“Once people realise there is a problem, they tend to fix it,” said Rama Nemani, research scientist and co-author of the study.“In the 1970s and 80s in India and China, the situation around vegetation loss was not good.In the 1990s, people realised it, and today things have improved.Now we see that humans are contributing.”
Land area used to grow crops is comparable in China and India-more than 770, 000 square miles-and has not changed much since the early 2000s.Yet these regions have greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area and their food production.
This was achieved through multiple cropping practises, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year.Production of grains, vegetables, fruits and more has increased by about 35%～40% since 2000 to feed their large populations.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现:由于中国的植树造林计划和中印两国的集约农业,地球的绿化程度与二十年前相比更加高了。阅读本文,有利于学生积极参与植树造林,提升环保意识。
4.What did the study mainly find
A.India and China are leading the global greening effort.
B.Intensive agriculture is the cause of global land degradation.
C.China and India has got the largest forest coverage in the world.
D.Agriculture is more helpful in expanding green areas than tree-planting.
答案及剖析:
4.A　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段的第三句可知,由于植树造林和集约农业,中国和印度正主导着地球绿化的进程,故选A。
5.How is China different from India in contributing to the global
greening
A.India reduced croplands to prevent the overexploitation.
B.India increased forest by planting around croplands.
C.China changed more lands into forest by planting trees.
D.China controlled the increase of its population.
答案及剖析:
5.C　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段的最后一句并结合第二段的数据可知,地球绿化主要来自中国的植树计划和中印两国的集约农业。据此可知,中国与印度在绿化地球方面的不同之处是中国的植树造林计划,故选C。
6.What does Nemani think about humans in China and India in protecting
the Earth
A.Ambitious. B.Responsible.
C.Passionate. D.Tolerant.
答案及剖析:
6.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段中Rama Nemani说的话可知,Rama Nemani认为,二十世纪七八十年代,印度和中国的植被流失情况严重;二十世纪九十年代,人们意识到了这一点并努力改善;现在他们正在作贡献。据此可推知,Rama Nemani认为在保护地球方面,中国和印度的人们是负责的,故选B。
7.What does the passage finally suggest humans should make good use of
A.Forest. B.Trees.
C.Croplands. D.Food.
答案及剖析:
7.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段的第一句可知,农作物产量的提高是通过复种来实现的,在复种过程中,一块土地每年会被重新种植几次,这样在增加绿化面积的情况下也提高了农作物的产量。据此可推知,文章建议充分利用农田,故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
When an animal species is considered endangered, it means that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has evaluated it as nearly extinct.It means that it is dying out and the rate of birth is 1.　　　　 (low) than the species’ death rate.Today, more and more animal and plant species are close to extinction because of a 2.　　 .　　 (vary) of factors that cause a species 3.　　　　 (become) endangered, and as you might expect, humans play 4.　　　　 role in quite a few of them.
5.　　　　 (fortunate), many people around the world are devoted to 6.　　　　 (help) these endangered animals through many efforts, including prohibiting illegal poaching, stopping pollution and habitat destruction.So far, many countries 7.　　　　 (pass) laws to ban specific exotic (外来的) species 8.　　　　(know) to endanger native habitats from entering the country.Exotic species are sometimes referred to as invasive (入侵性的) species, especially in cases of banning them.9.　　　 instance, the United Kingdom has placed raccoons and cabbages on their invasive species list, all of 10.　　　　 are barred from entering the country.Furthermore, many countries have strengthened the protection of native habitats, and the awareness of residents has also been improved.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了濒危物种的定义和原因,以及阻止物种灭绝采用的方法。阅读本文,有利于提升学生保护生物的意识。
答案及剖析:
1.lower　考查形容词的比较级。由后文的than可知,此处应该使用比较级,故填lower。
2.variety　考查词性转换。a variety of意为“各种各样的”,故填variety。
3.to become　考查非谓语动词。此处需要一个不定式充当动词cause的宾语补足语,故填to become。
4.a　考查冠词。play a role in意为“在……中起作用,在……中扮演角色”,为固定短语,故填a。
5.Fortunately　考查副词。在句首充当状语,修饰后面的整个句子要用副词,故填Fortunately。
6.helping　考查固定搭配。be devoted to doing sth.意为“致力于做某事”,to为介词,故填helping。
7.have passed　考查动词的时态。由时间状语So far可知,此处应该使用现在完成时,故填have passed。
8.known　考查非谓语动词。此处为过去分词作后置定语修饰species, 故填known。
9.For　考查介词。for instance意为“例如”,注意首字母大写,故填For。
10.which　考查定语从句引导词。先行词指物,且充当介词of的宾语,故用which。Unit 6　Nurturing nature
The natural environment is the basis of human survival.Nature has given us green mountains,clear waters,blue sky,rich land,and beautiful scenery.Meanwhile,more and more fatal events,such as bushfires in Australia in 2019,has warned that it is vitally important to love and honour nature.This year,many projects have been done to build in harmony with rather than atop the natural world.After all,“lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”.Can you find more examples about what humans have done to protect our nurturing nature
Part 1　Starting out,Understanding ideas,Using language
1.主题语境:人与自然——人对自然的改造和保护。
2.语篇类型:游记。
3.课文内容分析:作者通过描述自己的一次“天路”之旅,回顾了建设者们在青藏铁路修建过程中始终以生态保护为前提,克服重重困难,最终建成这条“不可能建成的”铁路的历程,表达了自己作为其中一名建设者的自豪之情,也表达了工程建设要以生态保护为前提的环保理念。阅读本文,有利于引导学生感受自然的美丽与神奇,体会修建青藏铁路的艰辛,同时认识到保护生态环境的重要性。
The Sky Railway
答案:1.Sitting　2.am about to　3.Taking　4.concerns　5.catch my eye　6.before　7.Using　8.have been enjoying
1.Sitting back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.(教材第62页)
靠坐在火车的座位上,我仍然不敢相信,我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
◆claim v.宣称;要求;索取;认领 n.声明;索取
He claims that he was not given a fair hearing.
他声称他未得到公正的申辩机会。
Now they are returning to claim what was theirs.
现在他们回来索要原本属于他们的东西。
单句语法填空
①They intend to claim 　　　　 damages against the driver.
②They claim to 　　　　　　　　 (discover) a cure for the disease.
③He claimed himself 　　　　 (be) an engineer.
答案:①for　②have discovered　③to be
2.The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”.(教材第62页)
当火车开过“世界屋脊”时,“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词变得更加生动鲜活起来。
◆massive adj.巨大的
He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
(2021年全国乙卷,阅读理解C)
他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑,迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。
Not this polar bear though—he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws.(2020年浙江卷,读后续写)
可是这头熊却没有被吓走——他只是一直用他那巨大的爪子撕扯着篱笆。
The scale of the problem is massive.
这个问题涉及面广泛。
单句语法填空
①There were 　　　　 (massive) of dark clouds in the sky.
②We have seen 　　　　 (mass) changes in recent years.
③China has 　　　　 (massive) increased its science and technology investments in recent years.
答案:①masses　②massive　③massively
3.I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on this railway.(教材第62页)
修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地,而我就是其中之一。
◆work on从事,忙于
He has been working on a new novel for over a year now.
最近一年多来,他一直在写一部新小说。
We work on improving visual acuity.
我们致力于提高视敏度。
完成句子
①在过去的十年里,我的家乡发生了很大的变化,呈现出崭新的面貌。
In the past ten years,great changes have taken place in my hometown,making it 　　　　　　　　 a new look.
②邦纳教授一直在从事这种生物的研究工作。
Professor Bonner has been 　　　　　　　　 creatures of this type.
③万物生长靠太阳。
All living things 　　　　　　　　 the sun for their growth.
答案:①take on　②working on　③depend/rely on
4.How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.(教材第63页)
其中,如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
◆concern n.担心,关爱;令人担忧的事
v.担忧;关心;与……有关
My main concern now is to protect the children.
我现在主要关心的就是要保护好孩子们。
If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability,be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷,七选五)
如果真的担心教授的专业性或能力,一定要使用在线课程评估,冷静地提出你的意见。
单句语法填空
①Everyone should be concerned 　　　　 the impact of information technology on future life.
②As far as I’m 　　　　 (concern),I think sports are good for you.
③The meeting also discussed issues 　　　　 (concern) the people’s daily life.
答案:①about　②concerned　③concerning
5.The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge,the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.(教材第63页)
最先映入眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河特大桥,它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。
◆catch one’s eye引起某人的注意;吸引某人的视线
The pictures Mary added to her website did catch the eye of a number of visitors.
玛丽添加到网站上的图片确实吸引了一些游客的注意。
完成句子
①让我喘口气。我好累!
Let me 　　　　　　　　　　　　 for a moment.I’m very tired!
②他因病休学一学期,不得不努力学习赶上别的同学。
After missing a term through illness,he had to work hard to 　　　　　　　　　 the others.
③抓住每次机会,那么你就有可能成功地获得你想要的东西。
　　　　　　　　 every opportunity and you’ll succeed in getting what you want.
答案:①catch my breath　②catch up with　③Catch hold of
6.Water birds playing in the lake,and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.(教材第63页)
在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟,在草原上游荡的牛羊,让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
◆wander v.徘徊
When I returned to London in 2004,I found myself wandering down to Southbank,spending hours there.
(2021年全国甲卷,阅读理解C)
2004年,当我回到伦敦时,我发现自己徘徊在南岸,在那里待了几个小时。
People’s attention wanders constantly.In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.(2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
人们会不断走神。事实上,大多数人只能理解演讲者信息的20%。
I like to wander in the park after dinner.
我喜欢晚饭后在公园里闲逛。
完成句子
①每当孩子们离家后,她总是若有所失地在屋子前后转来转去。
When the children left home,she was used to 　　　　　　　　　　　　 as if she’d lost something.
②我回想起整个事件,就仿佛是昨天发生似的。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
③那孩子走散后迷路了。
The child 　　　　　　　　　 and got lost.
答案:①wandering around the house
②wandered back to　③wandered off
7.However,the local people worry that building the hotel is not eco-friendly and will disturb the wildlife,in particular the turtles which lay their eggs on White Beach.(教材第67页)
然而,当地人担心建造酒店不环保,会干扰野生动物,尤其是在白沙滩产卵的海龟。
◆disturb v.干扰,扰乱
It disturbed her to realise that she was alone.
她意识到自己孤身一人,心里感到很不安。
I could see he was disturbed and considerably puzzled.
我看得出来,他有些烦躁,还相当困惑不安。
Ella had an unpleasant and disturbing dream.
艾拉做了一个噩梦。
单句语法填空
①However,I soon discover that much has changed since the days of 　　　　 (disturb) reports of camps among tons of rubbish.
②He was 　　　　 (disturb) to hear of her illness.
③Tourism possibly 　　　　 (disturb) the delicate balance of nature on the island.
答案:①disturbing　②disturbed　③disturbs
1.Sitting back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.(教材第62页)
靠坐在火车的座位上,我仍然不敢相信,我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
本句中Sitting back in my seat为句子的状语,sit与句子主语I之间为主动关系,故用-ing形式;句子谓语动词 believe后接that引导的宾语从句;在宾语从句中包含that引导的定语从句,先行词为railway,其中that在定语从句中作宾语。
单句情境写作
①看到树木在微风中摇曳,我意识到我们做了一件人们应该做的伟大工作。

②清晰而深思熟虑地写这本书,作者认为它能激发学生们渴望寻找自己答案的信心。

③目睹这场交通事故,许多司机认为他们必须遵守每个司机都要熟记的交通规则。

答案:①Seeing the trees waving in the breeze,I realise that we have done a great job that people should do.
②Clearly and thoughtfully writing the book,the author believes that it can inspire the confidence that students desire to seek their own answers.
③Witnessing the accident,many drivers think that they must obey the traffic rules that every driver has to memorize.
2.Water birds playing in the lake,and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.(教材第63页)
在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟,在草原上游荡的牛羊,让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
本句主语为两个并列的-ing形式的复合结构,Water birds和cattle and sheep分别为play和wander的逻辑主语。
单句情境写作
①月亮在天空中散发光芒,昆虫在草丛中鸣叫,夜晚宁静安谧。

②河水静静地流淌,花儿静静地绽放,形成了一幅甜美的画卷。

③观众为足球运动员欢呼,运动员们奋力来回奔跑,比赛精彩纷呈。

答案:①The moon shining in the sky,and insects singing in grass create a quiet night.
②The river flowing quietly,and flowers blooming quietly form a sweet and beautiful picture.
③The audience cheering for the football players,and the players running energetically back and forth make the match exciting and wonderful.
1.How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.(教材第63页)
其中,如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
How to protect the delicate ecosystem 属于“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构,在句中作主语,视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
用“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构完成句子
①这些学生经常讨论如何提高英语。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 is often discussed among the students.
②他们正在讨论去哪儿过暑假。
They are discussing　　　　　　　　　　.
③问题是晚饭吃什么。
The problem is　　　　　　　　　　.
④是否要帮助他,这个问题使这个女孩很苦恼。
The question　　　　　　　　　　 troubled the girl.
答案:①How to improve English　②where to go for the summer holiday　③what to eat for dinner　④whether to help him
2.Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.(教材第63页)
铁路桥下修建了三十三条野生动物通道,让动物得以在自然栖息地中安全自由地通行。
◆allow v.允许,给予,允许进入(或出去、通过)
For him,it was one thing to accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it could be fixed so easily.(2020江苏,完形填空)
对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下,让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。
The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s,allowing for a new generation of virtual reality.(2020江苏)
6G的速度将超过每秒125 GB,使得新一代的虚拟现实技术成为可能。
The manager doesn’t allow smoking in his office.
经理不准别人在他的办公室里吸烟。
单句语法填空
①The doctor may allow her 　　　　 (return) to work next week.
②We don’t allow 　　　　 (smoke) in public places.
完成句子
③It will take about an hour to get there,　　　　 (考虑到) traffic delays.
答案:①to return　②smoking　③allowing for
3.They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.(教材第63页)
它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度呼啸而过。
◆unaware adj.不知道,没意识到,未察觉
He was completely unaware of the whole affair.
他对整件事情一无所知。
She was unaware that I could see her.
她没想到我能看见她。
单句语法填空
①The aim of the festival is to increase 　　　　 (aware) of Chinese culture and traditions.
②He was well aware 　　　　 the problem.
③Everybody should be made 　　　　(unaware) of the risks involved.
答案:①awareness　②of　③aware
4.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway ,and did so with the care that the environment deserves.(教材第63页)
我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路,并且给予当地环境充分的保护,我为此感到骄傲和自豪。
◆proud adj.骄傲的,自豪的
How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed.
(2021新高考全国Ⅰ,读后续写)
当她们给躺在床上的母亲送来早餐时,她会多么高兴和自豪啊。
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019全国Ⅱ,语法填空)
拿着“终身成就”奖,自豪的艾琳宣布她没有打算离开她从事了36年的事业。
The two keepers are proud of their productive work.(2019江苏,完形填空)
这两位饲养员为他们卓有成效的工作感到自豪。
She was proud that her daughter was so gifted.
女儿这么有天赋令她感到自豪。
单句语法填空
①We take great 　　　　 (proud) in offering the best service in town.
②I feel very proud 　　　　 (be) a part of the team.
③She is proud 　　　　 her horsemanship.
答案:①pride　②to be　③of
现在完成进行时
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
1.The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining.(教材第62页)
2.All this time,the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head.(教材第62页)
3.Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.(教材第63页)
4.The journey has been flying by,and before I know it,we have reached Tanggula Station.(教材第63页)
5.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries.(教材第 63页)
6.Now,thanks to our efforts,passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes.(教材第63页)
仔细阅读上述句子,理解其意思可以发现,句中加粗部分的时态为现在完成进行时。
1.现在完成进行时是英语中动词的一种基本时态,其构成为“助动词(have/ has)+been+现在分词”。表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去。经常与其搭配的词有since、for、all week(month/year)、in the past few weeks (months/years)、recently等。具体用法如下:
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for over two thousand years.
中国有两千多年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
I have been learning English since three years before.
三年以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去)
(2)表示一个进行了很长时间并且刚刚完成了的动作。
Oh,here you are!We have been looking for you everywhere.
哦,你在这里!我们一直在到处找你。(说话时刚刚找到)
(3)表示现在以前一直在进行的动作,强调动作的未完成性,或不间断性。
It has been raining for three days.
已经下了三天的雨了。(现在还没停止)
完成句子
①你学习法语多久了
How long 　　　　　　　　　　　　 French
②他眼睛红了,准是最近工作太辛苦了。
His eyes are red.He 　　　　　　　　　　 too hard recently.
答案:①have you been learning　②must have been working　
2.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别。
(1)现在完成进行时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。
They have been widening the road.
他们在加宽马路。(但尚未完工)
They have widened the road.
他们加宽了马路。(已完工)
(2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。
Have you been meeting her lately (a)
你最近一直和她见面吗
Have you met her lately (b)
你最近见过她吗
(a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often、every day等时间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复。
(3)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。
We have been cleaning the classroom.
我们一直打扫教室来着。(直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰)
We have cleaned the classroom.
我们把教室打扫过了。(其结果是:现在教室很整洁,可以用了)
(4)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感彩可言。
What have you been doing (a)你都干了些什么
What have you done (b)你做了什么
(a)句表示惊异,(b)句只是一个问题。
完成句子
①他整个晚上都坐在那儿学习。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 there studying all evening.
②我们今天上午同他谈过话。
We 　　　　　　　　 to him this morning.
答案:①has been sitting　②have talked
1.People 　　　　 (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.(2021年全国乙卷,阅读理解A)
2.—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I 　　　　 (practise) a lot these days.(2020年天津卷,单项填空)
3.It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that the numbers 　　　　 (rise) for some time.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解C)
4.For the past two years,Gordon’s students 　　　　 (study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think they’re close to a solution.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解D)
5.“People 　　　　 (sit) there and standing there and taking pictures of each other,” Ro says.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷,完形填空)
答案及剖析:
1.have been pouring　考查现在完成进行时。表示pour这个动作是持续进行直到现在,故用现在完成进行时。
2.have been practising　考查现在完成进行时。表示practise这个动作在these days是一直进行的,且造成一种结果:游泳游得好。故用现在完成进行时。
3.have been rising　考查现在完成进行时。表示rise这个动作是持续进行的,故用现在完成进行时。
4.have been studying　考查现在完成进行时。表示study这个动作是持续进行直到现在,故用现在完成进行时。
5.have been sitting　考查现在完成进行时。表示sit这个动作是持续进行直到现在,故用现在完成进行时。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.“In fact,tradition also refers to the things that 　　　　 (develop) and that are still being created,” he said.
2.Companies 　　　　 (test) their vehicles in cities across the country.
3.Languages 　　　　 (come) and going for thousands of years.
4.We 　　　　 (stay) in a hotel since we came here.
5.—How long have you been studying here
—I 　　　　 (study) here for five years.
答案:1.have been developing　2.have been testing　3.have been coming　4.have been staying　5.have been studying
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一直在粉刷) the room this morning and I have to continue my work.
2.Jack 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一直在尝试) to phone in your programme for the last half hour.
3.—Take a break,Amy.You 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一直练习) the piano all the morning.
—I’d like to,because next week I will be giving a concert at the concert hall.
4.Marty 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一直工作) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
5.I wonder if John has forgotten my number.I 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一直期待) him to call me for the past two hours.
答案:1.have been painting　2.has been trying 3.have been practising　4.has been working　5.have been expecting
课时作业(十一)　Unit 6　Part 1
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Mary 　　　　(work) really hard on her book and thinks she’ll have finished it by Friday.
2.We have 　　　　(mass) renewable energy potential but we use only a fraction of it.
3.He took the machine apart to show every details of its 　　　　(operate).
4.He reads books　　　　 his leisure.
5.　　　　(conservation) are fighting to save our local animals.
6.Our future prosperity depends on 　　　　(economy) growth.
7.　　　　 I know it, we have been on the way to the palace.
8.Pollution can have disastrous effects on the 　　　　(delicate) balanced ecosystem.
9.The boy was 　　　　(wander) around as if he was lost.
10.The following programme contains scenes that may be 　　　　(disturb) to some viewers.
答案:1.has been working　2.massive　
3.operation　4.at　5.Conservationists　
6.economic　7.Before　8.delicately　
9.wandering　10.disturbing
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.When I opened the door, a parcel on the floor 　　　　　　　　　　　　(引起我的注意).
2.You can take part in various activities 　　　　　　　　　　　　(闲暇时).
3.He has spent the last two years 　　　　　　　　(从事) a book about childcare.
4.Mankind is probably more aware of these problems
worldwide than ever before 　　　　　　　　 (多亏) advances in technology and communication.
5.The museum　　　　　　　　 (位于) the edge of the airfield.In general,exhibits are in good condition.
答案:1.caught my eye　2.at your leisure　
3.working on　4.thanks to　5.is located at
Ⅰ.阅读
A
A biologist once criticised for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation-for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 65-year-old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel.At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth.However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding(人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds’ nests and hatching them under incubators(孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof Jones was awarded the $250,000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn’t enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time.In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53.He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
1.What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2
A.Return. B.Level.
C.Honor. D.Research.
2.What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4
A.Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B.The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.
C.Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.
D.It’s difficult to protect kestrel.
3.Prof Jones’ idea of taking eggs from the birds’ nests 　　　.
A.was proved of no use
B.was widely accepted
C.was promoted officially
D.was criticised by some people
语篇导读:本文是一篇人物介绍。文章主要介绍了卡尔·琼斯教授因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责,之后在保护动物领域被授予诺贝尔奖,他用自己的方法挽救了九种濒危物种的事迹。阅读本文,有利于提升学生保护鸟类的意识。
答案及剖析:
1.C　猜测词义题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知,画线词意为“荣誉”。故选C。
2.A　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段的最后两句以及第四段的第一句可知,当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩四只,琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼,十年后,毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到三百多只,如今在野外,毛里求斯红隼约有四百只。由此可推知,从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋的方法效果很好。故选A。
3.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据倒数第二段的“dead loss”和最后一句可知,琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。故选D。
B
The world is a greener place than it was 20 years ago.A study published in the journal Nature Sustainability said that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent (显著的) in China and India.The study shows that human activity in China and India dominates this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture.The effect comes mostly from ambitious tree-planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries.
“China and India account for one-third of the greening,” said lead author Chi Chen of Boston University.“That is a surprising finding, considering the vague idea of land degradation (毁坏) in populous countries from overexploitation,” added Chen.China alone accounts for 25 percent of the global net increase in leaf area with only 6.6 percent of global vegetated area.The greening in China is from forests (42 percent) and croplands (32 percent), but in India, it is mostly from croplands (82 percent) with the minor contribution from forests (4.4 percent).
China’s outsized contribution to the global greening trend comes in large part from its programs to conserve and expand forests with the goal of preventing land degradation, air pollution, and climate change.
“Once people realise there is a problem, they tend to fix it,” said Rama Nemani, research scientist and co-author of the study.“In the 1970s and 80s in India and China, the situation around vegetation loss was not good.In the 1990s, people realised it, and today things have improved.Now we see that humans are contributing.”
Land area used to grow crops is comparable in China and India-more than 770, 000 square miles-and has not changed much since the early 2000s.Yet these regions have greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area and their food production.
This was achieved through multiple cropping practises, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year.Production of grains, vegetables, fruits and more has increased by about 35%～40% since 2000 to feed their large populations.
4.What did the study mainly find
A.India and China are leading the global greening effort.
B.Intensive agriculture is the cause of global land degradation.
C.China and India has got the largest forest coverage in the world.
D.Agriculture is more helpful in expanding green areas than tree-planting.
5.How is China different from India in contributing to the global greening
A.India reduced croplands to prevent the overexploitation.
B.India increased forest by planting around croplands.
C.China changed more lands into forest by planting trees.
D.China controlled the increase of its population.
6.What does Nemani think about humans in China and India in protecting the Earth
A.Ambitious. B.Responsible.
C.Passionate. D.Tolerant.
7.What does the passage finally suggest humans should make good use of
A.Forest. B.Trees.
C.Croplands. D.Food.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现:由于中国的植树造林计划和中印两国的集约农业,地球的绿化程度与二十年前相比更加高了。阅读本文,有利于学生积极参与植树造林,提升环保意识。
答案及剖析:
4.A　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段的第三句可知,由于植树造林和集约农业,中国和印度正主导着地球绿化的进程,故选A。
5.C　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段的最后一句并结合第二段的数据可知,地球绿化主要来自中国的植树计划和中印两国的集约农业。据此可知,中国与印度在绿化地球方面的不同之处是中国的植树造林计划,故选C。
6.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段中Rama Nemani说的话可知,Rama Nemani认为,二十世纪七八十年代,印度和中国的植被流失情况严重;二十世纪九十年代,人们意识到了这一点并努力改善;现在他们正在作贡献。据此可推知,Rama Nemani认为在保护地球方面,中国和印度的人们是负责的,故选B。
7.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段的第一句可知,农作物产量的提高是通过复种来实现的,在复种过程中,一块土地每年会被重新种植几次,这样在增加绿化面积的情况下也提高了农作物的产量。据此可推知,文章建议充分利用农田,故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
When an animal species is considered endangered, it means that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has evaluated it as nearly extinct.It means that it is dying out and the rate of birth is 1.　　　　 (low) than the species’ death rate.Today, more and more animal and plant species are close to extinction because of a 2.　　　　 (vary) of factors that cause a species 3.　　　　 (become) endangered, and as you might expect, humans play 4.　　　　 role in quite a few of them.
5.　　　　 (fortunate), many people around the world are devoted to 6.　　　　 (help) these endangered animals through many efforts, including prohibiting illegal poaching, stopping pollution and habitat destruction.So far, many countries 7.　　　　 (pass) laws to ban specific exotic (外来的) species 8.　　　　(know) to endanger native habitats from entering the country.Exotic species are sometimes referred to as invasive (入侵性的) species, especially in cases of banning them.9.　　　　 instance, the United Kingdom has placed raccoons and cabbages on their invasive species list, all of 10.　　　　 are barred from entering the country.Furthermore, many countries have strengthened the protection of native habitats, and the awareness of residents has also been improved.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了濒危物种的定义和原因,以及阻止物种灭绝采用的方法。阅读本文,有利于提升学生保护生物的意识。
答案及剖析:
1.lower　考查形容词的比较级。由后文的than可知,此处应该使用比较级,故填lower。
2.variety　考查词性转换。a variety of意为“各种各样的”,故填variety。
3.to become　考查非谓语动词。此处需要一个不定式充当动词cause的宾语补足语,故填to become。
4.a　考查冠词。play a role in意为“在……中起作用,在……中扮演角色”,为固定短语,故填a。
5.Fortunately　考查副词。在句首充当状语,修饰后面的整个句子要用副词,故填Fortunately。
6.helping　考查固定搭配。be devoted to doing sth.意为“致力于做某事”,to为介词,故填helping。
7.have passed　考查动词的时态。由时间状语So far可知,此处应该使用现在完成时,故填have passed。
8.known　考查非谓语动词。此处为过去分词作后置定语修饰species, 故填known。
9.For　考查介词。for instance意为“例如”,注意首字母大写,故填For。
10.which　考查定语从句引导词。先行词指物,且充当介词of的宾语,故用which。(共67张PPT)
Part 2　Developing ideas,Presenting ideas,
Reflection
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
写作专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与自然——保护自然文化遗产。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:文章介绍了世界上最好的工作——岛屿看护员,唤起人们保护环境、
保护美丽海洋的意识。阅读本文,有利于帮助学生了解世界的自然文化遗产,增强
学生爱护环境、保护自然文化遗产的意识。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
The Best Job in the World
looking after
report
promote
highlight
host
under
make a short video
In addition to
became aware of
came
to understand
重点词汇
1.The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided.(教材第68页)
这份工作时间灵活,提供住宿。
◆accommodation n.住处;食宿;和解
核心知识·深入探究
More and more travellers are looking for bed and breakfast accommodations in private homes.
越来越多的旅行者在寻找提供住宿和早餐服务的民宿。
They reached an accommodation with neighbouring countries.
他们同邻国和解了。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Wherever he goes,he readily accommodates 　　　　 new circumstances.
②During my one-week stay there,he accommodated me 　　 　 　 his
apartments.
③There travelling students found 　　 　　 (accommodate) at
moderate terms.
to
with
accommodation
2.You’ll also be asked to promote the islands through newspapers,
magazines and TV interviews.(教材第68页)
你还需要通过报纸、杂志和电视采访等宣传大堡礁。
◆promote v.促进;推动;推销;提升
The area is being promoted as a tourist destination.
这个地区正被推广为旅游景点。
She worked hard and was soon promoted to manager from a staff.
她工作努力,不久就从普通员工被提升为经理。
语境运用
完成句子
①不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。
You don’t have to sacrifice environmental protection 　　 　　.
economic growth.
②事实上,那些人由于努力,已经升职为经理了。
In fact,those people 　　　 　　　 　　.
because of their efforts.
单句语法填空
③Her job is mainly concerned with sales and 　　 　　 (promote).
④He will get 　　　 　 (promote),for he has done a good job.
to promote
have been promoted to be managers
promotion
promoted
3.It was actually a very clever means to highlight the importance of the
Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it.(教材第68页)
这其实是一种绝妙的手段,既突出了大堡礁的重要性,又强调了大堡礁需要人类
保护。
Television is an effective means of communication.
电视是一种有效的通信手段。
Is there any means of contacting him
有没有什么办法和他取得联系
—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing
—By all means.He has been honoured as a master doctor since the
Eastern Han Dynasty.(2020江苏卷,单项填空)
——你知道关于张仲景的事情吗
——当然。自东汉以来,他被尊为医学大师。
(1)means n.方式,方法,途径
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①这幅画是通过复写纸印到木头上的。
The drawing is transferred onto the wood 　　　　　　　　　　 carbon
paper.
②问题决不像我们当初想象的那么单纯。
The problem is 　　　　　　　　　　　 as simple as we first thought.
③我们应想方设法及时完成此工作。
We should finish the task in time 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
by means of
by no means
by all means
(2)highlight v.突出,强调;使醒目
n.最精彩的部分
Highlights include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s
rolling hills,waterways and peaceful temples.
(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解A)
亮点包括中国最神圣的泰山山峰和杭州起伏的山丘、水路和宁静的寺庙。
The report highlights the major problems facing society today.
这份报告强调了当今社会所面临的主要问题。
The highlights of the match will be shown later this evening.
比赛最精彩的片段将于今晚稍后播出。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Last year Collins wrote a moving ballad which 　　　 　 (highlight)
the situation of the homeless.
②One of the 　 　 　　 (highlight) of the trip was seeing the Taj
Mahal.
③Matches flared,momentarily 　　 　　(highlight) the faces.
highlighted
highlights
highlighting
4.Out of the thousands of applicants,eleven were selected,including a
young woman from China.(教材第68页)
成千上万名应聘者中,入选人有11个,其中还包括一个年轻的中国姑娘。
◆applicant n.申请人
There were over 500 applicants for the job.
有500多人应聘这份工作。
All applicants must have a driver’s license and access to a car.
(2021年天津卷,阅读理解A)
所有申请人必须有驾驶执照和汽车。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The 　　 　　 (apply) has experience in teaching and,more relevantly,
in industry.
②The 　　　 　 (apply) of new scientific discoveries to industrial
production methods usually increases efficiency.
③They applied 　　　　 a home improvement loan.
④She applied 　　 　　 to her new duties with great enthusiasm.
applicant
application
for
herself
5.In addition to blogging,taking photos and writing articles about the
reef,he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour
of its defence.(教材第69页)
除了发布博客、拍照片和写关于大堡礁的文章,本还多次在电视上露面号召保护大
堡礁。
(1)in addition to另外,除……之外(还)
In addition to the killed and wounded,many were missing in the natural disaster.
除了伤亡之外,还有许多人在这次自然灾害中失踪。
She gets various perquisites in addition to her wages.
她除工资以外,还有各种津贴。
温馨提示
in addition to、besides和except
这三个词用作介词时,意思为“除了”,但是存在差别。
①besides、in addition to表示“除……以外,(还,也)……”。
Besides/In addition to English,she knows Japanese.除了英语,她还会日
语。(两种语言都会)
②except表示“除……外,(其余都)……”,常与all、every、no、none、
nothing 等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。
He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一个问题外,
所有的问题他都回答了。(没有回答最后一个)
(2)in favour of 赞同,支持
His arguments in favour of a new school are very persuasive.
他赞成办一所新学校的理由很有说服力。
I am in favour of damming the river.
我赞成拦河筑坝。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①我来这儿是想请你帮个忙。
I’ve come to ask you to 　 .
②鲍勃在高中时成绩优秀,这在他找工作时对他有利。
Bob made good grades in high school,and that was 　　　　　　　　 when
he looked for a job.
③全世界人民都支持和平,反对战争。
People in the world 　　　　　　　　 peace,and 　　 　　 war.
do me a favour
in his favour
are for
against
6.All applications welcome,but preference will be given to those with
diving qualifications.(教材第71页)
欢迎所有人申请,有潜水资格者优先。
◆preference n.优先(权)
Let’s make a list of possible speakers,in order of preference.
我们按优先顺序列出一份可能请到的发言者名单。
I have a preference for serious novels to popular fictions.
我喜欢读严肃小说胜过通俗小说。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①She has a preference 　　　　 Chinese art.
②He preferred 　　　　 (stay) at home rather than 　　　　 (go) with
us.
③Most children prefer playing to 　　　 　 (study),but Jim is an
exception.
④We give 　　 　　 (prefer) to applicants with some experience.
⑤She was chosen 　　　　 preference to her sister.
for
to stay
go
studying
preference
in
长难句分析
What’s more,they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment exists in and what can,and must,be done to protect the reef.(教材第69页)
而且,人们还意识到环境存在于微妙的平衡之中,也知道了人类能够且必须采取什么行动来保护大堡礁。
本句中What’s more为状语,主语为they,came to understand为谓语动词部分,其后接understand的两个并列宾语,一个是the delicate balance that the environment exists in,其中包含一个定语从句that the environment exists in,修饰先行词balance;另一个是what引导的宾语从句。
语境运用
单句情境写作
①逐渐地,人们意识到了他们生活环境的重要性,以及他们应该做些什么来保护环境。
.
Gradually,people realised the importance of the environment in which they live and what they should do to protect it.
②最终,学生们清楚地知道了他们努力奋斗的目标以及如何去实现目标。
.
.
Eventually,the students knew clearly the goal that they worked hard for and how to realise it.
.
③幸运的是,游客们认识到了多年前遇到的村民们的善良,也认识到是村民们帮助他
们摆脱了困境。
.
Fortunately,the tourists learned the kindness of the villagers with whom they met years ago,and that it was the villagers who helped them out of trouble.
.
.
备用讲义
1.More than 25 million years old,the Great Barrier Reef is made up of
living coral growing on dead coral.(教材第68页)
大堡礁有2,500万年的历史,由生长在死珊瑚上的活珊瑚组成。
◆be made up of由……构成
A TV set is made up of hundreds of parts.
一台电视机由数百个零件构成。
The medical team is made up of ten doctors.
这支医疗队由10名医生组成。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The table is made 　　　　 precious marble.
②The paper is made 　　　　 the throwaway chopsticks.
③The novel 　　 　　 (compose) of twelve chapters.
④I always found it hard to 　　　 　 what the math teacher taught in
class,and I didn’t 　　 　　to make a change to 　　　 　.
my leisure time to 　　　 　 it until I got an “F”.
of
from
is composed
make out
make up my mind
make use of
make up for
2.But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from pollution
and climate change.(教材第68页)
但如今,这一独特又脆弱的区域正在遭受污染和气候变化的威胁。
◆under threat 受到威胁
A third of Africa is under threat of desertification.
非洲有三分之一的土地面临荒漠化的威胁。
Many countries and people still live under threat of violence.
仍有许多国家和人民生活在暴力威胁之下。
归纳拓展
语境运用
完成句子
①教育部正在考虑这个方案。
The plan is 　 　　　　　　　 by the Ministry of Education.
②新铁路正在修建当中。
The new railway is 　　 　　　　　　.
③他们很快把火势控制住了。
They soon got the fire 　 　　　　　　　.
under consideration
under construction
under control
3.Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the
“best”,but the “busiest job in the world”!(教材第69页)
他后来开玩笑说,这个工作的招聘启事上应该写“世界上最繁忙的工作”,而不是
“最棒的”!
◆not...but...不是……而是……,引导两个并列的成分。
Not you but I was chosen to make a speech at the meeting.不是你而是我被选中在会上发言。
I don’t need money but time now.现在我需要的不是钱而是时间。
温馨提示
在英语中,可以引导并列的句子成分的短语还有:neither...nor...,not only...but also...,either...or...,as well as等。但是,引导并列主语时,应用就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Not he but they are athletes.不是他而是他们才是运动员。
Either you or he is right.不是你就是他对。
Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对。
写作专项指导
Writing a job advertisement
文本解读
1.文体类型:写一则招聘广告,属于应用文范畴,常用于公布招聘信息,为应聘者提供
获得更多信息的机会。
2.要点内容:对招聘单位、招聘职位、工作职责、应聘资格、工作待遇和具体应聘
方法等进行简单明了的说明。
思路指引
实用表达
1.招聘广告标题部分常用表达:
职位+needed/wanted
2.招聘广告正文部分常用表达:
...is in great need of/ is starving for/ is looking for...
The applicants/candidates should be aged from...to...
College/ University graduates with 3 years’ experience in ...are
needed/necessary/essential.
You should possess a bachelor/master/doctor degree majoring in...
Fluent English in both written and spoken communication is necessary.
The salary is negotiable.
We provide summer and winter holidays with salary.
Accommodation and meals are provided.
3.招聘广告结尾部分常用表达:
We provide not only a job,but a career in...
Our address is...
Those who are interested in the job/ If anyone is interested in the
job,please get in touch with/ please contact...
Tel:...
Mobile phone:...
We are always here honestly looking forward to your coming.
佳作建构
你校校报急需在校内招募一位同学担任英文编辑,请你以学生会的名义用英文以“English Editor Wanted” 为题写一则招募启事。
1.工作内容:从英文报刊、杂志及互联网上选择适合学生的文章;挑选和编辑同
学们的来稿;
2.要求:乐意贡献出一些业余时间为同学们服务;英文、美术皆好;能熟练使用
电脑;
3.请感兴趣的同学在本周内与学生会联系。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　 v.做广告
2.　　　　　　 　　 n.申请人
3.　　　　　　　 从……中选择
advertise
applicant
choose...from...
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
完成句子
1.我们校报正在登广告招募一位英文编辑。
Our school paper is 　　 　　 for an editor for its English edition.
2.这个工作主要包括两项内容。
The job mainly 　 　　　 two parts.
3.一项内容是从英文报纸、杂志及互联网上选择适合学生的文章。
One part is 　　　　　　　　　 　 English articles 　　 　　 other
newspapers,magazines or the Internet.These articles are suitable for
students.
advertising
includes
to choose
from
4.另一项内容是挑选和编辑同学们的来稿。
The other is 　　　　　　　　　 suitable articles from students in our
school and edit them for use.
5.我们希望申请人能够具备以下条件。
We hope that the 　　　 　 could 　　　 the following requirements.
6.申请人乐于贡献出一些业余时间为同学们服务。
The applicant 　　　 　 to devote some of the spare time to serving
others.
7.申请人擅长英文和美术。
The applicant 　　　　　　　　　　 both English and art.
to pick out
applicant
meet
prefers
is good at
8.熟练使用电脑的能力也很重要。
　　　 　　　　　 to use the computer skillfully is important as well.
9.有意申请者请在本周内与学生会联系。
Those who are interested in the job and want to 　　　　　　　　 it,
please 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the Student Union this week.
The ability
apply for
get in touch with
亮点提升
1.第3句中将后一句改写成形容词短语,与前一句合并,修饰articles,充当后置定语。
One part is to choose English articles suitable for students from other newspapers,magazines or the Internet.

2.第7句使用句式It is...for sb.to do sth.来提升语言表现力。
It is necessary for the applicant to be good at both English and art.



范文展示
English Editor Wanted
Our school paper is looking for an editor for its English edition.The job mainly includes two parts.One part is to choose English articles suitable for students from other newspapers,magazines or the Internet.The other is to pick out suitable articles from students in our school and edit them for use.
We hope that he/she could meet the following requirements.First,
he/she is willing to devote some of the spare time to serving others.
Second,it’s necessary for him/her to be good at both English and art.
What’s more,the ability to use the computer skillfully is important as
well.
Those who are interested in the job please get in touch with the Student Union this week.
Student Union
你校育才中学学生会需招募一名留学生做英语学习顾问,请你以短文形式写一则招募启事。内容主要包括:
1.母语是英语,汉语流利者优先;
2.解答英语学习问题,协助组织英语活动;
3.每周4小时,细节面议;
4.联系人为李华(13011223344)。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
写作练习
写作指导
　　One possible version:
English Study Advisor Wanted
The Student Union of our school decides to invite an international student to work as an English Study Advisor next term.The main responsibilities of the advisor include helping students to practise their oral English,answering their questions,and helping organise activities such as singing English songs,English evenings,or lectures on interesting topics.
The applicant should be a native speaker of English.Fluency in Chinese is preferred.The advisor is expected to work 4 hours per week.
If you are interested,please call Li Hua at 13011223344 for an interview.
The details will be discussed during the interview.
Student Union
Yucai High School
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.The only way to make quality, lasting friendships is to learn to be
　　　 　 (genuine) interested in them and their interests.
2.These shoes are very popular and, what’s 　　　　 (much), they’re
cheap.
3.There are many students who have a 　　　 　 (prefer) for painting
in our school.
4.I don’t think he is 　　　 　 (qualify) to do the job, but he got
the offer.
genuinely　
more
preference
qualified
5.Not you but Alice 　　　　 (pass) the test and gets the first prize.
6.You’d better fill the 　　 　　(applicant) form before you get
the position.
7.In addition 　　 　　 the tractor, we have acquired a new rice
transplanter.
8.It is still 　　　　discussion whether the old bus station should be
replaced with a modern hotel or not.
9.I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation
and I’d like you to do me 　　　　 favour.
10.It was this company that put an 　　 　　 (advertise) in the
local newspaper.
passes
application
to
under
a
advertisement
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.Today people are increasingly 　　　　　　　(意识到) the importance of
environmental protection and biodiversity.
2.More than half of the members are 　　　　　　　　　　　　(支持) what
he put forwards at the meeting.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　 　(除了) a diet, she pursues various exercises
on TV.
4.Many cities are　　　　　　　 　 (受到威胁) as a result of rising sea
levels and global warming.
5.New Zealand is mainly　　　　　　　　 　　(由……组成) two islands,
the larger of which is the South Island.
aware of
in favour of
In addition to
under threat
made up of/composed of
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读
It’s shocking that countless species become extinct every year and such extinction means forever.To change the situation, scientists are now on their way to bringing back extinct species.
DNA is the chemical that carries the structure of a living thing, which is needed by researchers to bring back a species.Dinosaurs have been gone too long for any of their DNA to remain in fossils.However it seems possible to bring back more recently extinct species such as Ice Age animal, the woolly mammoth.In 2015, a team of Spanish and French scientists re-created the Pyrenean ibex, which had gone extinct three years earlier.The new animal didn’t survive long, but scientific advances should improve the success rate.In January, Australian scientists announced that they were trying to restore the brooding frog.
That we can bring species back doesn’t mean that we should.There may be benefits to bring back a species.But there’s no way to know how it will turn out.For example, would a passenger pigeon fit into its old habitat Or might it crowd out existing species
Environmentalists worry that our ability to bring species back might cut down support for the hard work of traditional conservation.Why bother to preserve a wild life habitat or fight poachers (偷猎者) if we know we can make up for our mistakes But those extinctions are our mistakes to correct.As environmentalist Stewart Brand put it, “Humans have the ability to repair some of that damage.”
We would do well to remember the lesson of Jurassic Park:Continue with caution.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了改变物种灭绝这种情况,科学家们现在正努力让灭绝的物种回归。阅读本文,有利于拓宽学生的视野,加深对前沿技术的认识。
1.What can we know from Para.2
A.Scientists have successfully brought back some dinosaurs.
B.It’s likely for scientists to bring back recently extinct animals.
C.Scientists have discovered DNA of all Ice Age species in fossils.
D.Ice Age animals live longer than before after being brought back to
life.
答案及剖析:
1.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第二段的第三句可知,科学家很可能会让最近灭绝的动物复活。故选B。
2.What makes environmentalists worried according to the passage
A.Scientists cannot make up for the mistakes they made in DNA research.
B.Scientists still lack technical support to bring back extinct species
to life.
C.Traditional conservation seems useless when restoring species is
available.
D.Species that will be brought back to life after distinction will not
survive long.
答案及剖析:
2.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段内容尤其是第一句可知,当可以实现物种复活时,传统的保护似乎毫无用处。故选C。
3.What is the probable attitude of Stewart Brand toward bringing extinct
species back to life
A.Critical. B.Worried.
C.Disapproving. D.Supportive.
答案及剖析:
3.D　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据倒数第二段的内容可知,Stewart Brand 对于让灭绝的物种复活持支持的态度。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
On June 8th, much of the world observes United Nations World Oceans Day.
Oceans produce over half of our 　1　 for breath, help regulate our climate, absorb carbon dioxide, and support the greatest 　2　 of life.Nearly half of all species(物种) on Earth 　3　 on the oceans for survival, and for many of the rest, including for people, the oceans 　4　 the quality of life.
The oceans are 　5　 vital to the world’s economy.And 　6　 over 95 percent of the underwater kingdom remains unexplored, it is nearly a certainty that their 　7　 may hold the cure to many a disease, the resolution to many problems.
And yet, over 40 percent of world’s oceans are heavily 　8　 by human activities.Of particular 　9　 is plastic debris(碎屑).Some of it comes from 　10　 that use our rivers, lakes and seas, and 　11　 makes its way into the ocean.But 　12　 is washed off land into the ocean each year.
The health and safety of our oceans is our 　13　 responsibility, one that we cannot afford to ignore.　14　 through good administration can we safeguard the health of our oceans,and 　15　 that the oceans continue to meet the needs of future generations.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋对人类和地球的重要性,并说明海洋受到了人类活动的影响,倡导我们保护海洋,造福后代。阅读本文,有利于学生学会珍惜大自然赐予我们的一切,增强环保意识。
[文章脉络]
1.A.water B.food
C.fruit D.oxygen
2.A.abundance B.freedom
C.independence D.protection
3.A.base B.depend
C.live D.attach
答案及剖析:
1.D　根据空后的“for breath”可知,此处表示“海洋生产了一半以上我们呼吸
的氧气(oxygen)”。故选D。
2.A　根据上文可知,此处讲海洋的作用,它供养了地球上最多的生命。abundance of 意为“大量的”,为固定短语。故选A。
3.B　根据上文可知,地球上接近一半的物种依靠(depend on)海洋来生存。故选B。
4.A.increase B.decrease
C.improve D.develop
5.A.also B.even
C.still D.often
6.A.when B.while
C.since D.although
答案及剖析:
4.C　根据上文可知,除了那些接近一半依靠海洋来生存的物种外,其他包括人类在内的许多物种,海洋会改善(improve)其生活质量。故选C。
5.A　上文讲了海洋对地球上生命的重要性,此处接着说海洋对世界经济也(also)十分重要。故选A。
6.C　该空所在句子是一个主从复合句,主从句之间为因果关系,故应用since引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”。故选C。
7.A.areas B.widths
C.amounts D.depths
8.A.destroyed B.exploited
C.affected D.explored
9.A.activity B.concern
C.reason D.cause
答案及剖析:
7.D　根据上文“over 95 percent of the underwater kingdom remains unexplored”可知,此处指海洋的深处(depths)也许存在治愈许多疾病的方法,以及许多问题的解决方法。故选D。
8.C　根据yet的转折及下文内容可知,此处说明世界上百分之四十多的海洋受到人类活动的严重影响(affected)。故选C。
9.B　承接上一句可知,此处表示“海洋中特别令人担忧(concern)的是塑料碎屑”。故选B。
10.A.ships B.vehicles
C.cars D.travellers
11.A.naturally B.controversially
C.evidently D.eventually
12.A.much B.many
C.some D.little
答案及剖析:
10.A　根据后面的定语从句“that use our rivers,lakes and seas”可知,这些碎屑有一些是来自使用河流、湖泊和海洋的船只(ships)。故选A。
11.D　紧接上文,这些碎屑最终(eventually)汇入海洋。故选D。
12.A　前文提到碎屑有一些来自船只,本句说明但是大部分被冲进大海前,来自陆地,故选much,指代大量的塑料碎屑。故选A。
13.A.individual B.national
C.common D.alternative
14.A.Then B.And
C.So D.Only
15.A.promise B.ensure
C.foresee D.subscribe
答案及剖析:
13.C　海洋的健康和安全是我们大家共同的(common)责任。故选C。
14.D　句子主体部分“can we safeguard the health of our oceans”使用了部分倒装结构,只有only和状语连用放在句首时才有此用法。故选D。
15.B　and后的内容和“safeguard the health of our oceans”并列,空处所填词应和safeguard意思相近。故选B。Part 2　Developing ideas,Presenting ideas,Reflection
1.主题语境:人与自然——保护自然文化遗产。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:文章介绍了世界上最好的工作——岛屿看护员,唤起人们保护环境、保护美丽海洋的意识。阅读本文,有利于帮助学生了解世界的自然文化遗产,增强学生爱护环境、保护自然文化遗产的意识。
The Best Job in the World
答案:1.looking after　2.report　3.promote　4.highlight　5.host　6.under　7.make a short video　8.In addition to　9.became aware of　10.came to understand
1.The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided.(教材第68页)
这份工作时间灵活,提供住宿。
◆accommodation n.住处;食宿;和解
More and more travellers are looking for bed and breakfast accommodations in private homes.
越来越多的旅行者在寻找提供住宿和早餐服务的民宿。
They reached an accommodation with neighbouring countries.
他们同邻国和解了。
单句语法填空
①Wherever he goes,he readily accommodates 　　　　 new circumstances.
②During my one-week stay there,he accommodated me 　　　　 his apartments.
③There travelling students found 　　　　 (accommodate) at moderate terms.
答案:①to　②with　③accommodation
2.You’ll also be asked to promote the islands through newspapers,magazines and TV interviews.(教材第68页)
你还需要通过报纸、杂志和电视采访等宣传大堡礁。
◆promote v.促进;推动;推销;提升
The area is being promoted as a tourist destination.
这个地区正被推广为旅游景点。
She worked hard and was soon promoted to manager from a staff.
她工作努力,不久就从普通员工被提升为经理。
完成句子
①不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。
You don’t have to sacrifice environmental protection 　　　　 economic growth.
②事实上,那些人由于努力,已经升职为经理了。
In fact,those people 　　　　　　　　 because of their efforts.
单句语法填空
③Her job is mainly concerned with sales and 　　　　 (promote).
④He will get 　　　　 (promote),for he has done a good job.
答案:①to promote　②have been promoted to be managers　③promotion　④promoted
3.It was actually a very clever means to highlight the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it.(教材第68页)
这其实是一种绝妙的手段,既突出了大堡礁的重要性,又强调了大堡礁需要人类保护。
(1)means n.方式,方法,途径
Television is an effective means of communication.
电视是一种有效的通信手段。
Is there any means of contacting him
有没有什么办法和他取得联系
—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing
—By all means.He has been honoured as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.(2020江苏卷,单项填空)
——你知道关于张仲景的事情吗
——当然。自东汉以来,他被尊为医学大师。
完成句子
①这幅画是通过复写纸印到木头上的。
The drawing is transferred onto the wood 　　　　　　　　　　　　 carbon paper.
②问题决不像我们当初想象的那么单纯。
The problem is 　　　　　　　　　　　 as simple as we first thought.
③我们应想方设法及时完成此工作。
We should finish the task in time 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:①by means of　②by no means　③by all means
(2)highlight v.突出,强调;使醒目
n.最精彩的部分
Highlights include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s rolling hills,waterways and peaceful temples.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解A)
亮点包括中国最神圣的泰山山峰和杭州起伏的山丘、水路和宁静的寺庙。
The report highlights the major problems facing society today.
这份报告强调了当今社会所面临的主要问题。
The highlights of the match will be shown later this evening.
比赛最精彩的片段将于今晚稍后播出。
单句语法填空
①Last year Collins wrote a moving ballad which 　　　　 (highlight) the situation of the homeless.
②One of the 　　　　 (highlight) of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.
③Matches flared,momentarily 　　　　 (highlight) the faces.
答案:①highlighted　②highlights　
③highlighting
4.Out of the thousands of applicants,eleven were selected,including a young woman from China.(教材第68页)
成千上万名应聘者中,入选人有11个,其中还包括一个年轻的中国姑娘。
◆applicant n.申请人
There were over 500 applicants for the job.
有500多人应聘这份工作。
All applicants must have a driver’s license and access to a car.
(2021年天津卷,阅读理解A)
所有申请人必须有驾驶执照和汽车。
单句语法填空
①The 　　　　 (apply) has experience in teaching and,more relevantly,in industry.
②The 　　　　 (apply) of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency.
③They applied 　　　　 a home improvement loan.
④She applied 　　　　 to her new duties with great enthusiasm.
答案:①applicant　②application　③for　④herself
5.In addition to blogging,taking photos and writing articles about the reef,he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence.(教材第69页)
除了发布博客、拍照片和写关于大堡礁的文章,本还多次在电视上露面号召保护大堡礁。
(1)in addition to另外,除……之外(还)
In addition to the killed and wounded,many were missing in the natural disaster.
除了伤亡之外,还有许多人在这次自然灾害中失踪。
She gets various perquisites in addition to her wages.
她除工资以外,还有各种津贴。
in addition to、besides和except
这三个词用作介词时,意思为“除了”,但是存在差别。
①besides、in addition to表示“除……以外,(还,也)……”。
Besides/In addition to English,she knows Japanese.除了英语,她还会日语。(两种语言都会)
②except表示“除……外,(其余都)……”,常与all、every、no、none、nothing 等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。
He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一个问题外,所有的问题他都回答了。(没有回答最后一个)
(2)in favour of 赞同,支持
His arguments in favour of a new school are very persuasive.
他赞成办一所新学校的理由很有说服力。
I am in favour of damming the river.
我赞成拦河筑坝。
完成句子
①我来这儿是想请你帮个忙。
I’ve come to ask you to 　 .
②鲍勃在高中时成绩优秀,这在他找工作时对他有利。
Bob made good grades in high school,and that was 　　　　　　　　 when he looked for a job.
③全世界人民都支持和平,反对战争。
People in the world 　　　　　　　　 peace,and 　　　　 war.
答案:①do me a favour　②in his favour　③are for;against
6.All applications welcome,but preference will be given to those with diving qualifications.(教材第71页)
欢迎所有人申请,有潜水资格者优先。
◆preference n.优先(权)
Let’s make a list of possible speakers,in order of preference.
我们按优先顺序列出一份可能请到的发言者名单。
I have a preference for serious novels to popular fictions.
我喜欢读严肃小说胜过通俗小说。
单句语法填空
①She has a preference 　　　　 Chinese art.
②He preferred 　　　　 (stay) at home rather than 　　　　 (go) with us.
③Most children prefer playing to 　　　　 (study),but Jim is an exception.
④We give 　　　　 (prefer) to applicants with some experience.
⑤She was chosen 　　　　 preference to her sister.
答案:①for　②to stay;go　③studying
④preference　⑤in
What’s more,they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment exists in and what can,and must,be done to protect the reef.(教材第69页)
而且,人们还意识到环境存在于微妙的平衡之中,也知道了人类能够且必须采取什么行动来保护大堡礁。
本句中What’s more为状语,主语为they,came to understand为谓语动词部分,其后接understand的两个并列宾语,一个是the delicate balance that the environment exists in,其中包含一个定语从句that the environment exists in,修饰先行词balance;另一个是what引导的宾语从句。
单句情境写作
①逐渐地,人们意识到了他们生活环境的重要性,以及他们应该做些什么来保护环境。

②最终,学生们清楚地知道了他们努力奋斗的目标以及如何去实现目标。

③幸运的是,游客们认识到了多年前遇到的村民们的善良,也认识到是村民们帮助他们摆脱了困境。

答案:①Gradually,people realised the importance of the environment in which they live and what they should do to protect it.
②Eventually,the students knew clearly the goal that they worked hard for and how to realise it.
③Fortunately,the tourists learned the kindness of the villagers with whom they met years ago,and that it was the villagers who helped them out of trouble.
1.More than 25 million years old,the Great Barrier Reef is made up of living coral growing on dead coral.(教材第68页)
大堡礁有2,500万年的历史,由生长在死珊瑚上的活珊瑚组成。
◆be made up of由……构成
A TV set is made up of hundreds of parts.
一台电视机由数百个零件构成。
The medical team is made up of ten doctors.
这支医疗队由10名医生组成。
单句语法填空
①The table is made 　　　　 precious marble.
②The paper is made 　　　　 the throwaway chopsticks.
③The novel 　　　　 (compose) of twelve chapters.
④I always found it hard to 　　　　 what the math teacher taught in class,and I didn’t 　　　　 to make a change to 　　　　 my leisure time to 　　　　 it until I got an “F”.
答案:①of　②from　③is composed　④make out;make up my mind;make use of;make up for
2.But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from pollution and climate change.(教材第68页)
但如今,这一独特又脆弱的区域正在遭受污染和气候变化的威胁。
◆under threat 受到威胁
A third of Africa is under threat of desertification.
非洲有三分之一的土地面临荒漠化的威胁。
Many countries and people still live under threat of violence.
仍有许多国家和人民生活在暴力威胁之下。
完成句子
①教育部正在考虑这个方案。
The plan is 　　　　　　　　 by the Ministry of Education.
②新铁路正在修建当中。
The new railway is 　　　　　　　　.
③他们很快把火势控制住了。
They soon got the fire 　　　　　　　　.
答案:①under consideration　②under construction　③under control
3.Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”,but the “busiest job in the world”!(教材第69页)
他后来开玩笑说,这个工作的招聘启事上应该写“世界上最繁忙的工作”,而不是“最棒的”!
◆not...but...不是……而是……,引导两个并列的成分。
Not you but I was chosen to make a speech at the meeting.不是你而是我被选中在会上发言。
I don’t need money but time now.现在我需要的不是钱而是时间。
在英语中,可以引导并列的句子成分的短语还有:neither...nor...,not only...but also...,either...or...,as well as等。但是,引导并列主语时,应用就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Not he but they are athletes.不是他而是他们才是运动员。
Either you or he is right.不是你就是他对。
Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对。
Writing a job advertisement
1.文体类型:写一则招聘广告,属于应用文范畴,常用于公布招聘信息,为应聘者提供获得更多信息的机会。
2.要点内容:对招聘单位、招聘职位、工作职责、应聘资格、工作待遇和具体应聘方法等进行简单明了的说明。
1.招聘广告标题部分常用表达:
职位+needed/wanted
2.招聘广告正文部分常用表达:
...is in great need of/ is starving for/ is looking for...
The applicants/candidates should be aged from...to...
College/ University graduates with 3 years’ experience in ...are needed/necessary/essential.
You should possess a bachelor/master/doctor degree majoring in...
Fluent English in both written and spoken communication is necessary.
The salary is negotiable.
We provide summer and winter holidays with salary.
Accommodation and meals are provided.
3.招聘广告结尾部分常用表达:
We provide not only a job,but a career in...
Our address is...
Those who are interested in the job/ If anyone is interested in the job,please get in touch with/ please contact...
Tel:...
Mobile phone:...
We are always here honestly looking forward to your coming.
你校校报急需在校内招募一位同学担任英文编辑,请你以学生会的名义用英文以“English Editor Wanted” 为题写一则招募启事。
1.工作内容:从英文报刊、杂志及互联网上选择适合学生的文章;挑选和编辑同学们的来稿;
2.要求:乐意贡献出一些业余时间为同学们服务;英文、美术皆好;能熟练使用电脑;
3.请感兴趣的同学在本周内与学生会联系。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　v.做广告
2.　　　　　　　　 n.申请人
3.　　　　　　　 从……中选择
答案:1.advertise　2.applicant　3.choose...from...
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
完成句子
1.我们校报正在登广告招募一位英文编辑。
Our school paper is 　　　　 for an editor for its English edition.
2.这个工作主要包括两项内容。
The job mainly 　　　　 two parts.
3.一项内容是从英文报纸、杂志及互联网上选择适合学生的文章。
One part is 　　　　　　　　　　 English articles 　　　　 other newspapers,magazines or the Internet.These articles are suitable for students.
4.另一项内容是挑选和编辑同学们的来稿。
The other is 　　　　　　　　　 suitable articles from students in our school and edit them for use.
5.我们希望申请人能够具备以下条件。
We hope that the 　　　　 could 　　　　 the following requirements.
6.申请人乐于贡献出一些业余时间为同学们服务。
The applicant 　　　　 to devote some of the spare time to serving others.
7.申请人擅长英文和美术。
The applicant 　　　　　　　　　　 both English and art.
8.熟练使用电脑的能力也很重要。
　　　　　　　　 to use the computer skillfully is important as well.
9.有意申请者请在本周内与学生会联系。
Those who are interested in the job and want to 　　　　　　　　 it,please 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the Student Union this week.
答案:1.advertising　2.includes　3.to choose;from　4.to pick out　5.applicant;meet
6.prefers　7.is good at　8.The ability 9.apply for;get in touch with
1.第3句中将后一句改写成形容词短语,与前一句合并,修饰articles,充当后置定语。
2.第7句使用句式It is...for sb.to do sth.来提升语言表现力。
答案:1.One part is to choose English articles suitable for students from other newspapers,magazines or the Internet.
2.It is necessary for the applicant to be good at both English and art.
English Editor Wanted
Our school paper is looking for an editor for its English edition.The job mainly includes two parts.One part is to choose English articles suitable for students from other newspapers,magazines or the Internet.The other is to pick out suitable articles from students in our school and edit them for use.
We hope that he/she could meet the following requirements.First,he/she is willing to devote some of the spare time to serving others.Second,it’s necessary for him/her to be good at both English and art.What’s more,the ability to use the computer skillfully is important as well.
Those who are interested in the job please get in touch with the Student Union this week.
Student Union
你校育才中学学生会需招募一名留学生做英语学习顾问,请你以短文形式写一则招募启事。内容主要包括:
1.母语是英语,汉语流利者优先;
2.解答英语学习问题,协助组织英语活动;
3.每周4小时,细节面议;
4.联系人为李华(13011223344)。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
　　One possible version:
English Study Advisor Wanted
The Student Union of our school decides to invite an international student to work as an English Study Advisor next term.The main responsibilities of the advisor include helping students to practise their oral English,answering their questions,and helping organise activities such as singing English songs,English evenings,or lectures on interesting topics.
The applicant should be a native speaker of English.Fluency in Chinese is preferred.The advisor is expected to work 4 hours per week.
If you are interested,please call Li Hua at 13011223344 for an interview.The details will be discussed during the interview.
Student Union
Yucai High School
课时作业(十二)　Unit 6　Part 2
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.The only way to make quality, lasting friendships is to learn to be 　　　　 (genuine) interested in them and their interests.
2.These shoes are very popular and, what’s 　　　　 (much), they’re cheap.
3.There are many students who have a 　　　　 (prefer) for painting in our school.
4.I don’t think he is 　　　　 (qualify) to do the job, but he got the offer.
5.Not you but Alice 　　　　 (pass) the test and gets the first prize.
6.You’d better fill the 　　　　(applicant) form before you get the position.
7.In addition 　　　　 the tractor, we have acquired a new rice transplanter.
8.It is still 　　　　 discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
9.I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I’d like you to do me 　　　　 favour.
10.It was this company that put an 　　　　 (advertise) in the local newspaper.
答案:1.genuinely　2.more　3.preference　
4.qualified　5.passes　6.application　
7.to　8.under　9.a　10.advertisement
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.Today people are increasingly 　　　　　　　(意识到) the importance of environmental protection and biodiversity.
2.More than half of the members are 　　　　　　　　　　　　(支持) what he put forwards at the meeting.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　(除了) a diet, she pursues various exercises on TV.
4.Many cities are　　　　　　　　 (受到威胁) as a result of rising sea levels and global warming.
5.New Zealand is mainly　　　　　　　　　　(由……组成) two islands, the larger of which is the South Island.
答案:1.aware of　2.in favour of　3.In addition to　4.under threat　5.made up of/composed of
Ⅰ.阅读
It’s shocking that countless species become extinct every year and such extinction means forever.To change the situation, scientists are now on their way to bringing back extinct species.
DNA is the chemical that carries the structure of a living thing, which is needed by researchers to bring back a species.Dinosaurs have been gone too long for any of their DNA to remain in fossils.However it seems possible to bring back more recently extinct species such as Ice Age animal, the woolly mammoth.In 2015, a team of Spanish and French scientists re-created the Pyrenean ibex, which had gone extinct three years earlier.The new animal didn’t survive long, but scientific advances should improve the success rate.In January, Australian scientists announced that they were trying to restore the brooding frog.
That we can bring species back doesn’t mean that we should.There may be benefits to bring back a species.But there’s no way to know how it will turn out.For example, would a passenger pigeon fit into its old habitat Or might it crowd out existing species
Environmentalists worry that our ability to bring species back might cut down support for the hard work of traditional conservation.Why bother to preserve a wild life habitat or fight poachers (偷猎者) if we know we can make up for our mistakes But those extinctions are our mistakes to correct.As environmentalist Stewart Brand put it, “Humans have the ability to repair some of that damage.”
We would do well to remember the lesson of Jurassic Park:Continue with caution.
1.What can we know from Para.2
A.Scientists have successfully brought back some dinosaurs.
B.It’s likely for scientists to bring back recently extinct animals.
C.Scientists have discovered DNA of all Ice Age species in fossils.
D.Ice Age animals live longer than before after being brought back to life.
2.What makes environmentalists worried according to the passage
A.Scientists cannot make up for the mistakes they made in DNA research.
B.Scientists still lack technical support to bring back extinct species to life.
C.Traditional conservation seems useless when restoring species is available.
D.Species that will be brought back to life after distinction will not survive long.
3.What is the probable attitude of Stewart Brand toward bringing extinct species back to life
A.Critical. B.Worried.
C.Disapproving. D.Supportive.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了改变物种灭绝这种情况,科学家们现在正努力让灭绝的物种回归。阅读本文,有利于拓宽学生的视野,加深对前沿技术的认识。
答案及剖析:
1.B　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第二段的第三句可知,科学家很可能会让最近灭绝的动物复活。故选B。
2.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段内容尤其是第一句可知,当可以实现物种复活时,传统的保护似乎毫无用处。故选C。
3.D　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据倒数第二段的内容可知,Stewart Brand 对于让灭绝的物种复活持支持的态度。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
On June 8th, much of the world observes United Nations World Oceans Day.
Oceans produce over half of our 　1　 for breath, help regulate our climate, absorb carbon dioxide, and support the greatest 　2　 of life.Nearly half of all species(物种) on Earth 　3　 on the oceans for survival, and for many of the rest, including for people, the oceans 　4　 the quality of life.
The oceans are 　5　 vital to the world’s economy.And 　6　 over 95 percent of the underwater kingdom remains unexplored, it is nearly a certainty that their 　7　 may hold the cure to many a disease, the resolution to many problems.
And yet, over 40 percent of world’s oceans are heavily 　8　 by human activities.Of particular 　9　 is plastic debris(碎屑).Some of it comes from 　10　 that use our rivers, lakes and seas, and 　11　 makes its way into the ocean.But 　12　 is washed off land into the ocean each year.
The health and safety of our oceans is our 　13　 responsibility, one that we cannot afford to ignore.　14　 through good administration can we safeguard the health of our oceans,and 　15　 that the oceans continue to meet the needs of future generations.
1.A.water B.food
C.fruit D.oxygen
2.A.abundance B.freedom
C.independence D.protection
3.A.base B.depend
C.live D.attach
4.A.increase B.decrease
C.improve D.develop
5.A.also B.even
C.still D.often
6.A.when B.while
C.since D.although
7.A.areas B.widths
C.amounts D.depths
8.A.destroyed B.exploited
C.affected D.explored
9.A.activity B.concern
C.reason D.cause
10.A.ships B.vehicles
C.cars D.travellers
11.A.naturally B.controversially
C.evidently D.eventually
12.A.much B.many
C.some D.little
13.A.individual B.national
C.common D.alternative
14.A.Then B.And
C.So D.Only
15.A.promise B.ensure
C.foresee D.subscribe
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋对人类和地球的重要性,并说明海洋受到了人类活动的影响,倡导我们保护海洋,造福后代。阅读本文,有利于学生学会珍惜大自然赐予我们的一切,增强环保意识。
[文章脉络]
答案及剖析:
1.D　根据空后的“for breath”可知,此处表示“海洋生产了一半以上我们呼吸的氧气(oxygen)”。故选D。
2.A　根据上文可知,此处讲海洋的作用,它供养了地球上最多的生命。abundance of 意为“大量的”,为固定短语。故选A。
3.B　根据上文可知,地球上接近一半的物种依靠(depend on)海洋来生存。故选B。
4.C　根据上文可知,除了那些接近一半依靠海洋来生存的物种外,其他包括人类在内的许多物种,海洋会改善(improve)其生活质量。故选C。
5.A　上文讲了海洋对地球上生命的重要性,此处接着说海洋对世界经济也(also)十分重要。故选A。
6.C　该空所在句子是一个主从复合句,主从句之间为因果关系,故应用since引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”。故选C。
7.D　根据上文“over 95 percent of the underwater kingdom remains unexplored”可知,此处指海洋的深处(depths)也许存在治愈许多疾病的方法,以及许多问题的解决方法。故选D。
8.C　根据yet的转折及下文内容可知,此处说明世界上百分之四十多的海洋受到人类活动的严重影响(affected)。故选C。
9.B　承接上一句可知,此处表示“海洋中特别令人担忧(concern)的是塑料碎屑”。故选B。
10.A　根据后面的定语从句“that use our rivers,lakes and seas”可知,这些碎屑有一些是来自使用河流、湖泊和海洋的船只(ships)。故选A。
11.D　紧接上文,这些碎屑最终(eventually)汇入海洋。故选D。
12.A　前文提到碎屑有一些来自船只,本句说明但是大部分被冲进大海前,来自陆地,故选much,指代大量的塑料碎屑。故选A。
13.C　海洋的健康和安全是我们大家共同的(common)责任。故选C。
14.D　句子主体部分“can we safeguard the health of our oceans”使用了部分倒装结构,只有only和状语连用放在句首时才有此用法。故选D。
15.B　and后的内容和“safeguard the health of our oceans”并列,空处所填词应和safeguard意思相近。故选B。
核心素养提升(Unit 6)
高考主播音频
　　　　(时间:120分钟　满分:150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节　(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers mainly talking about (　C　)
A.The weather. B.Their friend.
C.A gift.
2.What does the man ask the woman to do (　C　)
A.Write a note of apology to Daisy.
B.Return Daisy’s notes in a few days.
C.Apologise when Daisy is less angry.
3.When will the man meet Mrs Brown (　C　)
A.On Tuesday. B.On Wednesday.
C.On Thursday.
4.How often does the man lift weights (　B　)
A.Three times a week.
B.Four times a week.
C.Seven times a week.
5.What does the man mean (　C　)
A.It is not raining outside.
B.He’s surprised to see the woman.
C.The woman has asked a silly question.
第二节　(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What is the man’s opinion of the woman’s idea (　B　)
A.Boring. B.Stressful.
C.Expensive.
7.What will the speakers do this summer (　A　)
A.Go camping. B.Take a course.
C.Earn some money.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8.What is the man’s problem (　A　)
A.His computer is too old to work well.
B.His computer has completely broken down.
C.He doesn’t know how to operate his computer.
9.Why does the woman recommend A&T Computers (　A　)
A.They provide great service.
B.She has worked there for years.
C.The technicians there are her friends.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10.What is the man (　A　)
A.A student. B.An editor.
C.A librarian.
11.What will the man do at 2 o’clock (　C　)
A.Sell dictionaries.
B.Work in an office.
C.Have an interview.
12.Where will the man stay at 5 o’clock (　B　)
A.In a classroom.
B.At a coffee shop.
C.At a company.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13.When does the conversation take place (　A　)
A.In the late morning.
B.At noon.
C.In the early afternoon.
14.What is the weather probably like (　C　)
A.Windy. B.Sunny.
C.Rainy.
15.What does the woman like best about the new job (　B　)
A.The salary.
B.The working time.
C.The working conditions.
16.Where are the woman’s family living now (　C　)
A.In Australia. B.In Mexico.
C.In Britain.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.Where did the speaker and her husband stay for about half a month (　C　)
A.In Victoria.
B.In South Australia.
C.In Queensland.
18.How did the speaker and her husband decide to go back to the bus (　B　)
A.By following the road.
B.By going over the hill.
C.By walking along the beach.
19.Why did the speaker’s husband ask her to run (　C　)
A.To catch the bus in time.
B.To be against the fast water.
C.To protect themselves from snakes.
20.How did the speaker probably feel in the end (　A　)
A.Shocked. B.Pleased.
C.Encouraged.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
M:I know what to get Linda for her birthday.
W:A computer
M:No,even better.A dog.
W:That’s a bad idea.Look outside.It’s snowing.Do you think she wants to walk a dog in the snow
(Text 2)
W:I feel horrible.Daisy was angry with me,because I lost her notes.Do you think I should apologise again
M:If I were you,I’d let her calm down a few days before I approach her.
W:Maybe you’re right.
(Text 3)
M:May I visit Mrs Brown tomorrow
W:Let me see.It’s Tuesday today.Sorry,you can’t.How about the day after tomorrow
M:That’s OK.
(Text 4)
W:What do you do after class
M:Well,I have classes until 11:30.After that I usually go to the sports center and work out for at least an hour.
W:Really What kind of exercise do you do
M:Well,three days a week I swim.The other days I lift weights.
(Text 5)
W:Is it raining outside,Bob
M:Is it raining Can’t you see that I’m almost wet to the skin
第二节
(Text 6)
W:You know,we don’t have anything to do this summer.I think maybe we should take a course and learn something.
M:No.We’ve just been freed from a busy term.I don’t want to go back to those anxious feeling.Let’s do something relaxing.
W:Yeah.Well,what do you suggest
M:I’d love to go travelling.
W:But we don’t have the money.
M:Well,we could go travelling on small amount of money.I mean,like camps. They would be fun and inexpensive too.
W:Exactly.Not to mention we can learn something.
(Text 7)
M:I really need to get a new computer.
W:Why What’s the problem
M:Well,I’ve had this computer for many years.It’s too slow to download anything.It drives me crazy.And it often freezes completely,and then I have to restart it.I really need a faster computer.
W:Why don’t you go to A&T Computers I’ve used them for years.They use quality parts,and they really know how to set up systems properly.I’ve always found their technicians friendly and helpful.
(Text 8)
W:Hi,Ben.What are you doing
M:Selling dictionaries.Do you want to buy one
W:What Why are you doing that
M:Well,you know,the dictionary is really helpful for us foreign students. Then I saw an ad in the paper to sell dictionaries.I applied and I got the job.
W:Are you making any money
M:Not a lot.I make enough to pay for my tuition for English class.Well,I can’t talk long because I have an appointment this afternoon.At 2 o’clock I have to be at the Dock and Stock Company.I’m really nervous.It’s my first appointment in an office.
W:I’m sure you’ll be fine.Why don’t we meet for a cup of coffee when you’ve done
M:OK.We could meet at the coffee shop on Hemlock Street at 5 o’clock.
(Text 9)
W:Yeah,the traffic was terrible,and the rain,it took me ages to get here.I’ll just put my umbrella in the corner here,shall I Anyway,I’m really sorry I’m late.
M:Well,I’m glad you got here in the end.Now,we should probably get going as fast as we can,because I’ve got another interview at 12:00.Why do you want to work for us
W:Well,I’m a bit bored where I’m working at the moment,so I’d really like a change.Your company is bigger,and the salary’s a lot better than the job I’ve got.Most importantly,I like the unfixed working hours,because I find it really hard to get up in the morning!
M:And where do you want to be in five years’ time
W:Australia,I hope!I don’t want to leave my family in the long term.I’m planning to stay here in Britain for a year or two,but to be honest I really want to move somewhere hot and sunny,like Mexico.But my mum won’t let me go.
(Text 10)
　　Hello,everyone.Now I’d like to tell you an unforgettable experience my husband and I once had.Well,we went to Australia for our honeymoon this year.We spent a week in South Australia,a week in Victoria,and two weeks in Queensland.On one particular day we were up in the north of Queensland.We had about two hours until our bus left to go back south again.My husband and I decided to go for a walk.So we followed the road and then down this path.Anyway,it was lovely and we lay on this beach and the beach was fantastic.Then we looked at our watches and realised actually we were going to miss our bus.So we decided to take a short cut.Instead of going back to the road,
we’d just walk over the hill.Then we were faced with this problem that a river cut off our way.We thought the water would go up to our knees and it wasn’t running fast,so we’d be fine.So we started to walk through the river.We walked carefully and slowly.When we got about half way through,suddenly my husband shouted,“Quick!Run!” I asked,“Why ” He said,“Just run!Just run!”So we started running and finally got to the other side.I stood there with water dropping off my hair.I asked again,“Why did we have to run ” My husband pointed to a large board near the river.On the board it got written,“Snakes in the river.DO NOT CROSS!”I looked at my husband with my eyes and mouth wide open.
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Soon enough,we will lose some of the most amazing sites on Earth!
The Great Barrier Reef
Rising air temperatures will cause sea temperatures to rise as well.All life supported by the oceans will be affected with this shock to their ecosystem.Corals are some of the most vulnerable marine animals and we are already watching whole reefs disappear.The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is no exception and will continue to shrink as the temperatures rise!These reefs are some of the best in the world for diving,but they will soon disappear!
Venice
Sprawling across(横跨)hundreds of small islands in Northeast Italy,Venice is at extreme risk of sinking into the Adriatic Sea.Rising sea levels are in fact a serious threat to many coastal cities located at sea level.Lucky for us,however,Venice is developing a series of sea walls to protect the city in times of high tide.
Glacier(冰川) National Park
Glacier National Park was once covered by over 150 glaciers,but by 2005 it only had about 27!Located in Montana,Canada,this park is over a million acres and has a huge plant and wildlife population.As temperatures rise,the glaciers and ice melt,which will upset the ecosystems sustaining over a thousand plant species and hundreds of animals.
The Amazon
The cause behind the disappearance of these fantastic places ultimately comes down to humans.Our expansion usually requires cutting down forests for land,fuel and materials,but rarely considers the consequences.These forests are sources of food and medicine for just about everyone on the planet!
What will happen if we lose these valuable places and beautiful destinations
21.According to the text,what is causing the corals’ death
A.Rising sea levels.
B.Rising sea temperatures.
C.Humans’ diving activities.
D.The shrinkage(缩小) of their habitats.
22.What can we infer from the part of “Venice”
A.Many places are in the risk of sinking below the sea level.
B.Venice is the only coastal city of Italy.
C.Venice will never sink because of the protection of sea walls.
D.Italy consists of hundreds of small islands in the Adriatic Sea.
23.Which site’s shrinking reason differs from the other sites
A.The Great Barrier Reef.
B.Venice.
C.The Amazon.
D.Glacier National Park.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。作者向我们说明了如今全球变暖所引发的一些问题:我们将失去一些地球上最令人惊奇的地方!阅读本文,有利于提升学生保护自然环境和维系生态稳定的意识。
答案及剖析:
21.B　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据“The Great Barrier Reef”的最后两句可知,珊瑚虫死亡的原因是海水温度升高,故选B。
22.A　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据“Venice”的第二句可知,海平面的升高威胁着很多沿海的城市,故选A。
23.C　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据“The Great Barrier Reef”的第一句和“Venice”的第二句,以及“Glacier National Park”的最后一句可知,这三个景点正在消失的原因是气候变暖。根据“The Amazon”的第二句可知,亚马孙雨林的减少是因为人类领地的扩张,和以上三个景点原因不同。故选C。
B
More and more birds are flying to settle in Qinghai Lake,one of the highest inland lakes in China,thanks to the protection efforts of the local government.Covering an area of over 4,000 square kilometers,Qinghai Lake is also the country’s biggest salt lake.
Located in Qinghai Province in the Northwest of China,the lake is famous for the two islands at its northwest point—Cormorant Island and Egg Island.The two islands have plenty of floating grass and various fish,offering rich food sources to birds.The islands have become a paradise for different kinds of groups of birds and have been called “Bird Islands”.
Each March and April,when ice and snow covering the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (高原) start to melt,over 20 kinds of birds fly to the Bird Islands to lay eggs.During the months,flocks of birds cover the whole sky over the islands and bird eggs can be found everywhere.Visitors can hear the singing of birds from miles away.These have become a world-famous symbol of the lake.
To protect this paradise for birds and support calls for ecological protection,China set up the Qinghai Lake National Natural Reserve at the end of 1997.Meanwhile,the State has pointed out that the Bird Islands and Spring Bay of Qinghai Lake were central reserves.
Inspectors and conservators often patrol (巡逻) the lake,enriching local residents’ knowledge of related laws and spreading knowledge about animal protection to visitors.They are making great efforts to call on people to love and protect the birds.At the same time,they have built special fences around the island area to prevent wolves,foxes and other carnivorous animals,as well as illegal hunters from breaking up the birds’ building nests,laying eggs and breeding (繁殖).As a result,more and more birds are coming to the islands for sheltering and breeding.
24.Why are more and more birds coming to the biggest salt lake in the Northwest of China
A.Because it is getting warmer and warmer.
B.Because it is being reformed.
C.Because the environment is getting more agreeable to them to live in.
D.Because the people there are becoming richer and richer.
25.What do the birds feed on
A.Floating fish and various grass.
B.Grass growing in the water and different kinds of fish.
C.Salt water and plenty of grains.
D.Corn from the local farmers.
26.According to the passage,we can infer that 　　　.
A.over 20 kinds of birds come to the Bird Islands before March
B.flocks of birds fly up to the whole sky over the islands to lay eggs
C.visitors can see the birds from miles away
D.the government has taken many measures to protect the district
27.This passage is most probably taken from 　　　.
A.a newspaper B.a document
C.a storybook D.a science book
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于当地政府的保护,青海湖成了鸟类的天堂,同时,政府向人们普及鸟类保护法,号召人们保护鸟类。阅读本文,有利于增强学生的动物保护意识,加深对人与自然和谐共处这一理念的认识。
答案及剖析:
24.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第一段的第一句以及下文内容可知,越来越多的鸟类飞到青海湖栖息,一方面是由于当地政府对环境保护所做出的努力,另一方面是因为那里有充足的食物来源,也就是说,那里的环境越来越适合鸟类生存。故选C。
25.B　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段的第二句可知,两个岛上有丰富的水草与各种鱼类,为鸟类提供了丰富的食物。故选B。
26.D　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四、第五段内容及第一段的“thanks to the protection efforts of the local government”可知,中国政府已经采取了很多措施来保护这片区域。故选D。
27.A　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。通读全文可知,本文主要讲的是由于当地政府对环境的保护,越来越多的鸟类来到青海湖。这篇文章很有可能是一篇新闻报道,出现在报纸上。故选A。
C
Global warming is the increase of the earth’s average surface temperature due to the effect of greenhouse gases,for example,carbon dioxide,which trap heat that would otherwise escape from the earth.After the trees are cut down and more greenhouse gases are released,the “blanket” around the earth called the ozone layer (臭氧层),will get thicker.This catches more heat and makes the earth hotter.Luckily,there are many things that every citizen of the earth can do to help reduce the effects of global warming,and it’s never too late or too early for children to take action.
The children should learn what a carbon footprint is.A carbon footprint is the amount of carbon and greenhouse gases people make as they lead the daily life and go about the normal activities.In other words,the carbon footprint is a measure of the environmental impact (冲击) the life has.To live an environmentally friendly life that doesn’t contribute to global warming,people want to have the smallest carbon footprint possible.
Almost everything people do contributes to global warming and is related to fossil fuel consumption.These can be direct uses of fossil fuels,like riding in a gasoline-powered car,or indirect contributions to greenhouse gases,such as eating fruit or vegetables that had to be shipped from far way to reach their tables.
If a child wants to make a contribution to reducing global warming,he should ride a bicycle to the near park,school,his friend’s house,or anywhere else instead of taking the car.Or he may try to walk or jog,which is also helpful.In addition,
although trains and buses often run on fossil fuels,on average,each person uses less energy and produces less pollution to run.Next time if children with their parents have to get around town or it’s too far to walk or bike,take the bus or other public transportation instead of asking for a ride.
28.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.A brief description of carbon footprint.
B.The serious water pollution.
C.The protection of ozone layer.
D.The causes of global warming.
29.Which of the following can describe the carbon footprint
A.Useless. B.Expensive.
C.Helpful. D.Attractive.
30.What can kids do if they want to help reduce global warming
A.Go to the near park by bus.
B.Walk or cycle as much as possible.
C.Keep staying at home or school.
D.Go around the town with parents by car.
31.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.What Can People Do to Use Less Energy
B.How Can Kids Help Reduce Global Warming
C.How Does Carbon Footprints Measure Pollution
D.Why Global Warming Affects Humans’ Life
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球变暖的原因以及孩子们可以做哪些事情来降低全球变暖的影响。阅读本文,有利于加深学生对全球变暖的认识并引导学生从我做起,为减缓全球变暖贡献一份力量。
答案及剖析:
28.D　段落大意题。考查学生理解段落主旨大意的能力。根据第一段的第一句可知,作者一开始提出:由于温室气体的影响,地球平均表面温度升高,导致全球变暖;接下来又举例说明,如果树木被砍伐,地球臭氧层会变厚,地球温度会升高,因此该段是说明全球变暖的原因。故选D。
29.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第二段的最后两句可知,碳足迹可以帮助衡量我们的生活方式是否环保。故选C。
30.B　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第四段的第一句可知,如果孩子们想帮助减缓全球变暖,他们会尽可能多走路或骑自行车。故选B。
31.B　标题归纳题。考查学生理解和概括归纳文章标题的能力。根据第一段的最后一句以及下文主要讲了孩子可以做哪些事情来降低全球变暖的影响可知,B项适合作本文标题。故选B。
D
Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it steamy,warm,damp and thick.But if you had been there around 15,000 years ago,during the last ice age,would it have been the same For more than 30 years,scientists have been arguing about how rainforests might have reacted to the cold,dry climate of the ice ages,but till now,no one has reached a satisfying answer.
Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to solve global warming.Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year:equal to the total amount of CO2 given off in the UK each year.But how will the Amazon react to the future climate change If it gets drier,will it survive and continue to draw down CO2 Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.
Unfortunately,collecting information is incredibly difficult.To study the past climate,scientists need to look at fossilised pollen (花粉) kept in lake mud.Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediment (沉淀物),which requires specialised equipment and heavy machinery.There are very few roads and paths,or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes.Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest,but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled (未取样).So far,only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provides enough information to prove how the Amazon forest reacts to climate change.
32.How do scientists study the past climate change
A.By predicting the climate change in the future.
B.By drilling down deep into land sediment.
C.By taking samples from rivers in the Amazon.
D.By analysing fossilised pollen in lake mud.
33.What is needed for drilling down into lake sediment
A.The latest helicopter.
B.The special equipment.
C.The light machinery.
D.The narrow path.
34.What is the purpose of writing the passage
A.To attract more people’s attention to CO2.
B.To call on people to protect rainforests.
C.To inform people of how scientists work on rainforests.
D.To warn people to stay away from the danger of rainforests.
35.The best title for the text may be 　　　.
A.Mystery of the Rainforest
B.Climates of the Amazon
C.The History of the Rainforest
D.Changes of the Rainforest
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。关于雨林怎样应对气候变化,人们一直没有找到满意的答案。科学家们采用了不同的方法去检测,但最终仍没有结果。阅读本文,有利于引导学生体会自然文化遗产的魅力,增强学生保护自然文化遗产的意识。
答案及剖析:
32.D　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段的第二句可知,研究过去的气候变化,科学家需要看保存在湖泥里的花粉化石。故选D。
33.B　细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段的第三句可知,回到上一个冰河时代意味着下钻到湖泊里的沉淀物,这需要专门的设备和重型机械。故选B。
34.C　推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。这是一篇科普文章,写作目的通常是提供信息。A项是吸引更多人对二氧化碳的注意,和文章无关;B项是号召人们保护雨林,此文不是强调保护雨林;D项是警告人们远离雨林的危险,文章没有讲到雨林的危险。故选C。
35.A　标题归纳题。考查学生理解和概括归纳文章标题的能力。根据第一段内容可知,关于雨林怎样应对气候变化,人们一直没有找到满意的答案,第二、第三段讲述的是科学家采用不同的方法去检测,却没有结果,所以标题“热带雨林之谜”是最恰当的。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For serious birders who regularly observe birds in the wild,ignoring climate change isn’t possible.We have been seeing and documenting the effects of a warming climate since at least the 1950s.
36.　 　　 Glossy black great-tailed grackles (美洲黑羽椋鸟),for example,
previously found primarily in the tropics (热带),first reached southeastern California in 1964.They are now found throughout most of the state.
New research from the National Audubon Society highlights the dangers of the trend.For its new report,“Survival by Degrees”,Audubon scientists analysed the current geographic ranges of 604 North American bird species,and modeled how those ranges would change at different levels of warming.At a global temperature rise of three degrees Celsius,they found that 389 of those species—or nearly two-thirds of those studied—would become endangered,losing much of their current habitat.
37.　　
Why does this matter to anyone who’s not a bird watcher For one thing,birds play a crucial role in the ecology,keeping down insect populations and serving as food themselves for larger predators (食肉动物).38.　　　 Their shifting ranges warn of increasing droughts,floods,fires,rising seas and unlivable cities.
39.　　　 Audubon scientists modeled what would happen at lesser levels of warming,and the results are striking.Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees would reduce the danger for three-quarters of those threatened birds.Audubon’s report “Survival by Degrees” is not a depressing forecast but rather a call to action.It stresses the need for action at every level,by individuals and governments alike,to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
As a lifelong birder,I’m proud of the role my tribe has played in documenting the effects of climate change.When local conditions change,particular types of frogs or wildflowers may decrease and disappear,few will notice.40.　　　 I hope people can pay close attention to the urgent message in this new report and work together for solutions.Birds tell us we don’t have time to wait.
A.We still have time to do something about it,however.
B.But they also serve as a visible symbol of broader environmental shifts.
C.This would greatly benefit humans,reducing the potential suffering for people.
D.But when a bird species disappears,we dedicated birders document the change.
E.In recent decades,that has meant a consistent northward shift in where species are found.
F.The changes will make birding exciting,with birders finding new species in unexpected places.
G.Even if some could shift their range northward,they would soon start to run out of room on the map.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。对于经常在野外的严肃的观鸟者来说,忽视气候变化是不可能的。文章说明了在最近的几十年里,鸟类栖息地的迁徙情况以及气候变暖对鸟类的影响,还说明了鸟类的重要性,同时呼吁人们采取行动保护鸟类。阅读本文,有利于培养学生爱护野生动物、保护自然环境的意识。
答案及剖析:
36.E　考查学生理解上下文语义、建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据本段内容可知,一些物种在不断向北迁徙。E项符合语境,故选E。
37.G　考查学生理解平行和递进语义连贯的具体信息的能力。根据空前一句可知,许多鸟类已经失去了它们大部分栖息地,很快就会没有空间了。G项符合语境,故选G。
38.B　考查学生理解语义转折句的衔接关系的能力。根据空后一句可知,鸟类的迁徙也可以作为环境变化的标志。B项符合语境,故选B。
39.A　考查学生对平行信息之间的衔接关系的理解能力。根据本段内容可知,只要我们采取行动,还有时间去挽救鸟类。A项符合语境,故选A。
40.D　考查学生理解上下文语义、建立段落内语义连贯的能力。根据空前两句可知,作为一名终身观鸟者,作者为自己的部落在记录气候变化影响方面发挥的作用感到自豪。当地情况发生变化时,某些种类的青蛙或野花可能会减少或消失,这很少有人会注意到,但是观鸟者能够注意到鸟类的消失,做好记录。D项符合语境,故选D。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Boyan Slat is 26.If you saw him walking down the street,you might think he was just a student at a local technical university.And so he was,seven years ago,right before he dropped out of college.
Slat’s life began to 　41　 after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16.Before taking a diving course,he had 　42　 to see beautiful sea animals.However,what he 　43　 saw in the ocean was an awful lot of 　44　 waste.From that moment on,Slat dived into a project to find a solution to this alarming problem.　45　 by the idea for a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the oceans,he founded his company at the age of 18.Although the idea was named one of the best 　46　 of 2015 by TIME magazine,he received 　47　 feedback from the specialists in environmental issues.
Slat was not 　48　 and continued with his mission.After five and a half
years’ hard work,he launched the world’s 　49　 ocean plastic cleanup system:System 001.The U-shaped pipe,about 609 meters in 　50　,snakes its way out under the Golden Gate Bridge into the Pacific.These floating barriers will capture(捕获)plastic as the ocean water flows past.Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for 　51　 every few months.According to Slat,if all goes to plan,only 60 systems could reduce the amount of plastic there by as much as 50 percent by 2025.
　52　,there remains a problem:what will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat’s systems It’s likely that lots of the waste will 　53　 be recycled into more single-use plastic that ends up back in the 　54　.That doesn’t mean Slat will 　55　.“Big problems require big solutions,”he said.“If anyone has any better ideas,I’d love to know.”
41.A.change B.improve
C.suffer D.worsen
42.A.failed B.managed
C.started D.expected
43.A.suddenly B.actually
C.probably D.rarely
44.A.medical B.industrial
C.plastic D.agricultural
45.A.Troubled B.Amused
C.Frightened D.Struck
46.A.inventions B.results
C.wishes D.barriers
47.A.positive B.valuable
C.negative D.immediate
48.A.discouraged B.abandoned
C.pleased D.surprised
49.A.largest B.best
C.first D.fastest
50.A.width B.length
C.height D.depth
51.A.burning B.burying
C.recycling D.testing
52.A.Besides B.Therefore
C.However D.Otherwise
53.A.eventually B.certainly
C.rapidly D.carefully
54.A.ships B.mountains
C.dustbins D.oceans
55.A.give back B.give in
C.give out D.give up
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Slat在16岁那年去希腊度假,发现海洋里都是塑料垃圾,从此,他开始投身于清理海洋垃圾的环保事业当中的故事。阅读本文,有利于培养学生保护环境、保护美丽海洋的意识。
[文章脉络]
答案及剖析:
41.A　根据后文内容可知,16岁时,他和家人去了希腊度假之后,他的生活开始改变 (change),他开始潜心研究解决海洋塑料垃圾的方法。故选A。
42.D　根据“Before taking a diving course”可知,他是带着能看到美丽的海洋生物的期待去潜水的。had expected to do sth.意为“(原本)期望做某事”,符合句意。故选D。
43.B　根据句首“However”可知,本句应与前文构成转折关系,实际与期望不同。故选B。
44.C　根据后文“a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the oceans”可知,他在海洋里看到了塑料(plastic)垃圾。故选C。
45.D　根据后文内容可知,通过研究,他应是想到了漂浮屏障是可以收集海洋中的塑料的这个想法。struck意为“使突然想到”。故选D。
46.A　根据语境可知,这是一项最好的发明(inventions)。故选A。
47.C　分析可知,本句为让步状语从句,说明从句与主句之间为转折关系,前文提及了“one of the best”,因此所选形容词应体现其“反义”关系,故选C。
48.A　根据后文“continued with his mission”可知,他并没有因为环保专家的消极反馈而气馁(discouraged),而是继续他的使命。故选A。
49.C　根据后文提及的该海洋塑料清理系统的编号为“System 001”可知,应是世界第一个(first)。故选C。
50.B　根据前文“The U-shaped pipe”可知,这是一个U形管,且后文动词“snakes”意为“蜿蜒行进”,因此“about 609 meters”应是它的长度(length)。故选B。
51.C　根据后文可知,海洋里收集的垃圾会被回收(recycling)。故选C。
52.C　根据语境可知此处与上文之间为转折关系。However意为“然而”,可体现转折关系。故选C。
53.A　根据句意可知,被回收来的塑料垃圾最终(eventually)很可能是被回收、做成单一用途的塑料。故选A。
54.D　根据前文中提及的“back”可知,这些被回收成单一用途的塑料最后还是会回到海洋(oceans)中变成海洋垃圾。故选D。
55.D　根据下文内容可知,面对前文提及的问题,他并没有知难而退,没有放弃(give up)。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today,Mount Qomolangma’s peak is not a lonely place any more.Over 3,500 people have 56.　　　　 (successful) climbed the mountain over the past year.Meanwhile,climbers have complained about 57.　　　　 (wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.
In fact,the dangerous 58.　　　　 (crowd) aren’t the only problem.All those climbers need 59.　　　　 (bring) a lot of gear (设备),much of which ends up being left on the mountain.It is becoming the world’s 60.　　　　 (tall) rubbish dump.
But the good news is 61.　　　　 some mountaineers have started to clean up Qomolangma.Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of this campaign,which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008.So far they 62.　　　　 (collect) over 13 tons of garbage.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for 63.　　　　 higher purpose.As part of a project,a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage.
They’ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited 64.　　　 　 Nepal’s capital.Part of the profit from sales
65.　　　　 (be) available for the association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取得的进步。阅读本文,有利于学生认识到保护环境的紧迫性。
答案及剖析:
56.successfully　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,根据后面的“climbed”可知,此处应用副词来修饰动词,故填successfully。
57.waiting　考查非谓语动词。此处充当介词about的宾语,故填waiting。
58.crowds　考查名词复数。根据前面的形容词“dangerous”可知,此处应用名词形式,crowd意为“人群”,为可数名词,且句子的谓语aren’t为复数形式,故填crowds。
59.to bring　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备”,故此处用need to do sth.,表示“需要做某事”。
60.tallest　考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的“the world’s”可知,此处表示最高级的含义,故填tallest。
61.that　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处引导表语从句,引导词在从句中不充当成分,仅起连接作用,故用that引导该从句。
62.have collected　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“So far”可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语they为复数,故填have collected。
63.a　考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”,表泛指,故填a。
64.in　考查介词。根据句意可知,此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”,in表示“在(某范围或空间内的)某一点”,故填in。
65.is　考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处为一般性描述,应用一般现在时;该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”,表示单数概念,故填is。
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华,从互联网上得知一个野生动物保护组织现正在招募志愿者,你希望成为其中一员。请写一封电子邮件申请加入,内容主要包括:
1.自我介绍;
2.申请条件(性格爱好,英语能力等);
3.参加意图(宣传保护动物的重要性);
4.希望获准。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li Hua,
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li Hua,a student from China,aged 17.I read the announcement that you have posted on the Internet.I would like to work for you as a volunteer.
First of all,I like animals and I know a lot about wild animals by reading books and watching videos.Second,I’m easy-going and I have no problem getting along with others easily.Third,having learned English for 10 years I can speak fluent English,which makes it convenient for me to communicate with others.My purpose is to make more people realise the importance of protecting wild animals.I’d appreciate it if I can be accepted!
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was 17,I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay Art Museum,once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death.On a sunny Saturday,Sally and I drove over to the museum.
“Do you have the address ” Sally asked while we were on the way.
“No,but I will recognise it.There was a picture in the magazine,” I answered confidently.
“Oh,stop.There it is.” I pulled my car slowly over a house which seemed like a house with heavy smell of life rather than a former residence (故居).
Surprisingly,nobody was at the gate and admission was free.We opened the door and entered,excited.A group of people sitting around a table stopped chatting and stared at us.
A sweet girl in her teens locked her eyes on us and welcomed us with a sweet smile,“Hello,but who are you looking for ”
A man stood up and said almost at the same time.“May I help you ”
“No,” I said.“We’re fine.”
Tour guides got on my nerves.What if they talked a long time about a painting you were not that interested in Sally had gone upstairs.The people in the hall seemed very confused,keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.What was their problem Some nice sculptures were well placed along the staircases (楼梯) and some paintings from Van Gogh or Picasso were hung on walls and I appreciated them and highly praised the most beautiful house.Suddenly a picture of a man surrounded by a warm family caught my eyes and I also spotted the sweet girl among them.
“This is the most beautiful house I have visited.” said I,turning sharply,almost scaring the girl standing behind me.
“The most beautiful house The most beautiful house!”She murmured.
“Am I at the McNay Art Museum ” asked I.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
She smiled,shaking her head.
Paragraph 2:
Years later,after a public speech,a woman approached and thanked me,asking whether I once entered a house, thinking it was the McNay Art Museum.
[写作指导]
1.阅读文章,掌握主旨方向。
2.明确写作思路,确定续写内容。
3.汇集故事线索,列出写作要点。
4.优化语言,完善续写逻辑。
One possible version:
She smiled,shaking her head.“Sorry,the McNay Art Museum is on another street.”
“What’s this place ” I asked and I was still confused.
“It’s my home,” she said with a sweet smile and her answer shocked me.
Recovering from the shock,I raced to the staircases and called Sally to come down immediately.I pushed her towards the front door,waving at the family and asking them to forgive us for breaking into their beautiful house.Outside,when I told Sally what had happened,she covered her mouth,laughing.
Years later,after a public speech,a woman approached and thanked me,asking whether I once entered a house,thinking it was the McNay Art Museum.“Yes.But how do you know We never told anyone.”I asked in surprise.
“That was my home.I was the girl saying hello to you in the hall.”I locked my eyes on her and could figure out the familiar sweet smile.She told me she never felt lucky before we came over and she never realised what a beautiful house she once lived in.Her feeling about her home changed after that and she had always wanted to thank me.