(共113张PPT)
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
头脑风暴·思维发散
There are many scientists in China who have made great contributions to the development of China.They have great qualities,such as love for our country,determination to get over difficulties,etc.They have set a good example to us.We should learn from them.Do you know the following great scientists
Can you add more examples
Lin Qiaozhi
Part 1 Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
语法专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与社会——卓有成就的人物。
2.语篇类型:专题新闻报道。
3.课文内容分析:
本文介绍了屠呦呦的生平经历和她带领团队为治疗疟疾发现并提取青蒿素的过程。学生阅读本文,归纳屠呦呦及其团队获得成功的原因,可以感受到屠呦呦及其团队的艰辛和伟大,了解传统中医药对人类健康和世界发展的突出贡献和价值,进而反思自我,为成为“有价值之人”做好未来职业和人生的规划。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
born
graduated
Academy
malaria
head
treatments
lower
was awarded
重点词汇
1.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is
thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.(教材第2页)
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分,据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。
核心知识·深入探究
◆vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
It is vital that we should be kept informed of all developments.
重要的是我们应该随时知晓所有的发展情况。
As for the work,it is vital to keep accurate records.
就这项工作而言,做好准确的记录非常重要。
Reading books is vital for human development.
读书对人类的发展非常重要。
[备用例句]
①Consideration for other people is vital to all of us.
对我们所有人而言体谅他人是极其重要的。
②It is vital that we act to stop the destruction of the rainforests.
至关重要的是,我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
用于“It is +adj.+ that...”句型中,且从句必须用虚拟语气的常见形容词还有important、essential、necessary、natural、strange等。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①It’s vital (carry) out the operation immediately.
②Such measures are vital our national security.
③It is vital that he (get) on well with his classmates
and teachers.
完成句子
④对于家长来说,教育孩子金钱的价值是至关重要的。
For a parent, that you teach your child the
value of money.
to carry
to/for
(should) get
it
is
vital
2.Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on
30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in
1955.(教材第2页)
屠呦呦,这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年
毕业于北京大学医学部。
◆committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
They are committed volunteers,watching over the Tibetan antelope day and night.
他们是尽心尽力的志愿者,日日夜夜守护着藏羚羊。
The company has been committed to providing customers with high-quality measuring instruments.
这个公司一直致力于为顾客提供高质量的测量仪器。
[备用例句]
①The two countries committed themselves to settle the differences
peacefully.
两国承诺和平解决分歧。
②The government is committed to stopping pollution.
政府致力于制止污染。
And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable.(2020江苏卷,完形填空)
因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况,在非洲和亚洲,数千万人都恢复了视力。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He remains (commit) to his dream.
②Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big .
(commit),but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
③The government must commit itself to (improve) health
care.
完成句子
④我们已经答应帮忙,就一定会做到的。
We’ve to help,and we will.
⑤毫无疑问,她犯了罪,被关进了监狱。
There was no doubt that she and was put into
prison.
committed
commitment
improving/improve
made
a
commitment
committed
a
crime
3.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000
plants for their medical properties.(教材第2页)
她的团队研读了2 000多篇(个)中医药古籍(古方),评估了28万种植物的药学属性。
◆evaluate vt.评价;评估
We must evaluate her ability on/ by her work.
我们必须根据她的工作评估她的能力。
The school has only been open for six months,so it’s hard to evaluate its success.
这所学校仅开办了六个月,所以很难评价它的成功。
How do you evaluate the influence of such challenges on China’s economy
你怎样评价这些挑战对中国经济的影响
[备用例句]
①We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对这一政策能产生多好的效果作出评估。
②They will give an evaluation of the health care system.
他们将对医疗制度进行评价。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Students are usually (evaluate),based on their performances
in exams.
②They will give an (evaluate) of the quality of the building.
③We shouldn’t evaluate people their clothes.
句型转换
④First,you need to evaluate yourself,your values,your strengths,your
weaknesses,your achievements,your desires,etc.
→First,you need to yourself,your
values,your strengths,your weaknesses,your achievements,your desires,
etc.
evaluated
evaluation
on/by
make
an
evaluation
of
4....they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical
treatments...(教材第2页)
……他们发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法……
◆distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
It is distinct that we should make a distinction between them.
很明显,我们应该把它们区分开来。
Gold is distinct from iron.
金与铁是不同的。
[备用例句]
①This photo is not distinct.
这张照片不清晰。
②He draws a distinction between art and culture.
他将艺术和文化区分开来。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I didn’t yet make a distinction the pleasure of reading and
of writing fiction.
②There has been a (distinction) improvement in his work.
完成句子
③很明显,酗酒对我们的健康有害。
drinking too much is harmful to our
health.
between
distinct
It
is
distinct
that
5.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained
from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.(教材第2页)
之后,他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶,用熬出的液体治疗疟疾,但是依旧无效。
◆obtain vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行 vt.(尤指经济力)获得;赢得
...we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
……我们有机会获得月球是如何构成的信息。
At University of Oxford,he obtained his master’s degree in literature.
在牛津大学,他获得了文学硕士学位。
We can obtain the latest information from the Internet.
我们可以从网上获得最新消息。
[备用例句]
The perfect body has always been difficult to obtain.
完美的身材总是很难获得。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
表达“获得”的动词还有gain、get、acquire等。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Salt (obtain) by evaporating the seawater.
②The scientist obtained a substance the experiment.
完成句子
③He always managed to (得到他想要的
东西).
is obtained
from
obtain
what
he
wanted
6.However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.(教材第2页)
然而,屠呦呦并不认输。
(1)acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
He is widely acknowledged as/to be the best player in the world.
人们普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。
It’s acknowledged that reading plays an important part in learning English.
人们普遍认为阅读在英语学习中起到重要作用。
I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.
我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。
[备用例句]
①Do you acknowledge that you are wrong
你承认你错了吗
②Mary acknowledged Tom’s help in her letter.
玛丽在信中对汤姆的帮助表示感谢。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
①acknowledge表示承认做了某事,其后可接动名词,也可接that从句,但通常不接不
定式。
②acknowledge后虽不能接不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He acknowledged (lie) to me.
②It is universally (acknowledge) that it is important to
build a harmonious society.
③He is also acknowledged an excellent goalkeeper.
句型转换
④People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of
overall quality.
→ that students should be evaluated
in terms of overall quality.
lying/having lied
acknowledged
as/to be
It
is
widely
acknowledged
(2)defeat n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
Know the enemy and know yourself,and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
知己知彼,百战不殆。
He defeated his opponents in this election.
他在这次选举中击败了对手。
[备用例句]
①He defeated his elder brother at table tennis.
他在乒乓球赛中击败了他哥哥。
②What he said meant admitting defeat.
他说的话就意味着承认失败。
归纳拓展
[词汇辨析]
巧学助记
Yesterday,I defeated/ beat John at chess.He won only one set,while I won two sets.
昨天和约翰下棋,我赢了他。他只赢了一盘,而我赢了两盘。
单词 意义 所跟宾语
win 赢得;获胜 比赛、奖品、奖金、名誉、财产、战争等
beat 击败;战胜 竞争中的队伍或对手,或战争中的敌人等
defeat 击败;战胜 通常接表示“人”或“团体”的名词或代词作宾语。既可以指在比赛中,也可以指在战场上战胜对手
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The girl was sad,for she (defeat) by her partner again.
②He did all he could (win) his favour.
③Yesterday he defeated/beat me swimming.
完成句子
④非常遗憾,我们的足球队被他们的足球队打败了。
It is a pity that by
theirs.
was defeated
to win
at
our
football
team
was
defeated
7.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its
medical properties.(教材第2页)
她得出结论,认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。
◆conclude vt.& vi.结束;推断出
I will conclude this chapter with a quotation.
我将用一段引文来结束本章。
Mr Smith concluded from her nervous look that she was lying.
史密斯先生从她慌张的表情推断出她在撒谎。
We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
我们将进一步讨论,然后再得出最终结论。
In conclusion,strolling is a cheap,safe,enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
总而言之,散步是一种低价、安全、愉快的锻炼方式,而且随时随地都可以进行。
[备用例句]
①In conclusion,I would like to thank all the people present at the
meeting today.
最后我想感谢今天所有参加会议的人。
②She concluded her performance with a poem.
她以一首诗结束了她的表演。
③This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely
lonely people in his community,who are easy targets of cheating.
(2020天津卷,完形填空)
这让琼斯得出结论,在他的社区里有太多极度孤独的人,他们很容易成为欺骗的
目标。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
除in conclusion外,写作时还常常用到下面短语作为“全文总结语”:in a word、in brief、all in all、in short、on the whole。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①What can we conclude the conversation
②In (conclude),I’d like to express how much I have enjoyed
myself today.
③The meeting concluded an agreement at ten o’clock.
from
conclusion
with
8.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine
on themselves to make sure that it was safe.(教材第3页)
屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
◆insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
He insisted that he was right.
他坚持认为他是正确的。
He insists that the project (should) be carried out on schedule.
他坚决要求按计划开展这个工程。
[备用例句]
①She insisted on her mother’s living with her.
她坚决要求她母亲和她住在一起。
②She insisted that he (should) leave for Shanghai.
她坚决要求他去上海。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The man insisted finding a taxi for me even though I had told
him I lived nearby.
②He insisted that he (do)the experiment by himself.
③He insisted that the problem (discuss) at the
meeting.
句型转换
④The teacher insisted on all of us handing in all the homework on Monday.
→The teacher insisted on all the homework on
Monday.
on/upon
(should)do
(should)be discussed
being
handed
in
9.There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond
our control.(教材第5页)
我们帮不了琳达。她的情况我们无法控制。
◆circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
His words were of little comfort in the circumstances.
在这种情况下,他的话起不了什么安慰作用。
Under no circumstances are you to leave the house.
你无论如何都不得离开这所房子。
Teenagers tend to adapt to the study atmosphere and circumstances quickly.
青少年往往能很快地适应学习氛围和环境。
[备用例句]
In/Under the circumstances,we must rely on ourselves to develop the best chips for cellphones and computers.
在这种情况下,我们必须依靠我们自己来开发最好的手机和电脑芯片。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
表示否定意义的介词短语at no time(在任何时候都不)、on no condition(无论如何都不)、on no account(决不)、in no way(决不)、in no sense(决不)等位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I wish we could have met happier circumstances.
②We can’t take measures until we’ve known all the .
(circumstance).
③Under no circumstances the door of the research lab be left
unlocked.
句型转换
④You must leave your position under/in no circumstances.
→ you leave your position.
in/under
circumstances
must
Under/In
no
circumstances
must
重点句式
1.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance
that worked.(教材第3页)
通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后,她发现了一种有效物质。
◆句中使用了现在分词作方式状语,use与主语she之间是主动关系。
I always read,using different voices,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! (2020全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解D)
我总是用不同的声音阅读,就好像我在用我的声音表演故事,他们很喜欢!
The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读D)
参与者也一样,比平时吃得多。
Walking on the street,I met my old friend Anna.
在街上走的时候,我遇到了我的老朋友安娜。
[备用例句]
Being ill,he didn’t come to school.
因为生病了,他没来上学。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
①有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语修饰整个句子,
表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如:generally speaking“一般来说”,judging
by/from...“从……判断”,taking everything into consideration“从各方面
考虑”。
②现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作,表示主动关系;过去
分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,表示被动关系。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①They went to the theatre, (talk) and laughing.
②The park was full of people, (enjoy) themselves in the
sunshine.
③ (persuade) him to change his mind,we went home earlier.
句型转换
④As he was ill,he was sent to hospital.
→ ,he was sent to hospital.
⑤The girls came into the classroom.They sang and danced.
→The girls came into the classroom, .
⑥If you work hard at your lessons,you will succeed.
→ at your lessons,you will succeed.
talking
enjoying
Having persuaded
Being
ill
singing
and
dancing
Working
hard
2.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The
honour is not just mine...” (教材第3页)
获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
◆在本句中,“介词upon + 动词-ing形式”构成介词短语,作时间状语。
Upon graduating,he joined the army.
一毕业他就参了军。
Upon finishing it,I was struck by the feeling that it was the best composition I had ever written.
写完这篇作文时,我就感到这是我写过的最好的作文。
Upon their return to the country,the women’s volleyball team received praise and flowers.
女排一回国,就收到了赞誉和鲜花。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
①某些at引导的介词短语也可以用来表达“一……就……”,如at the sight of
(一看到);at the thought of (一想到);at the sound of (一听到);at the
first opportunity/chance (一有机会) 等。
②在名词minute、moment和instant前加上定冠词the也可以引导时间状语从句,表示
“一……就……”,它们后面可以加that,含义不变。
③可用副词immediately和directly来表达“一……就……”。这时,它们所起的作
用相当于连词,引导时间状语从句。这种用法主要用在英式英语及口语中。
④upon还可换作介词on,表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生,这种用法常见于正式的文
体,根据语境,可译作“在……的时候;当……时;一……就……”。
语境运用
完成句子
①我本该在一收到你寄来的生日礼物时就写封感谢信的。
I should have written a thank-you letter for the gift you sent me for
my birthday .
②一到机场,我们所有人就受到了热烈欢迎。
the airport,we were all welcomed warmly.
句型转换
③Upon arriving home,Mike turned on TV to watch his favourite program.
→ he arrived home,Mike turned on TV to
watch his favourite program.
④Upon seeing her,I smiled and ran to her.
→ I saw her,I smiled and ran to her.
upon/on
receiving
it
On/Upon
arriving
at
As
soon
as
When
长难句分析
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.(教材第2页)
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分,据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。
◆and连接并列谓语has become和is thought to save;be thought to do sth.表示“被认为做某事”,是句型It is thought that的变形。
语境运用
单句情境写作
1.这场暴风雨已经对该地区的农作物造成了巨大威胁,据估计造成了多达4人死亡。
.
.
2.这种疾病已经感染了近30%的人口,据说这种疾病起源于热带地区。
.
.
The storm has posed a great threat to the crops in the area,and is thought to be responsible for as many as four deaths.
The disease has infected nearly 30 percent of the population,and is said to have originated in the tropics.
备用讲义
1.This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to
Tu Youyou (co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,
a crucial new treatment for malaria.(教材第2页)
本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一),她的研究使青蒿素这种至
关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。
◆crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的
The family base was crucial to my development.
家庭基础对我的成长至关重要。
It is crucial that we should create a harmonious family.
创建一个和谐的家庭是极其重要的。
[备用例句]
①Parents play a crucial role in children’s education.
父母在子女的教育中起着重要的作用。
②The teenage period is crucial in establishing a correct world outlook.
青少年时期是建立正确世界观的关键阶段。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①An animal’s sense of smell is still crucial its survival.
②In any college application process,the interview is (crucial)
important.
完成句子
③教师的工作对知识的传播起着关键性的作用。
The work of teachers knowledge.
to/for
crucially
is
crucial
in
spreading
2.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives,and has led to
improved health for millions of people.(教材第2页)
青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命,改善了很多人的健康状况。
◆lead to 导致;通向……
As a result,it was his encouragement that led to my success.
结果,是他的鼓励引导我走向成功。
As we all know,all roads lead to Rome.
众所周知,条条大路通罗马。
[备用例句]
①What on earth led him to think so
究竟是什么使他这样想
②The Party is leading us in building the harmonious society.
党正领导我们建设和谐社会。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He had led everyone (believe) that his family was very
peaceful.
完成句子
②他们缺乏锻炼导致超重。
Their lack of exercise .(2020江苏卷,阅读理解C)
③她丈夫去世后,她过着贫穷的生活。
She after her husband’s death.
to believe
led
to
overweight
led
a
poor
life
3.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its
medical properties.(教材第2页)
她得出结论,认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。
◆apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然
Apparently,he did his work very well.
很显然,他工作做得非常出色。
The kids apparently know the truth.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空)
孩子们显然知道真相。
[备用例句]
It was apparent that he had a good knowledge of French.
很显然,他精通法语。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
① is apparently shown in the chart above,there are about 10%
students supporting the idea.
②Soon, was apparent to everyone that he couldn’t sing.
一句多译
很显然,她非常激动。
③ she was very excited.
④ ,she was very excited.
As
it
It
was
apparent
that
Apparently
语法专项指导
非限制性定语从句
语法原句再现
1.This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to
Tu Youyou (co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,
a crucial new treatment for malaria.(教材第2页)
本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一),她的研究使青蒿素这种至
关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以被发现。
2.In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,
to study malaria patients.(教材第2页)
起初,屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。
3.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom
recovered.(教材第3页)
随后,该药物试用于疟疾患者,其中大多数人康复了。
4.This medicine,which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard
treatment for malaria.(教材第3页)
这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快就成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。
通过以上句子可以发现,它们均为非限制性定语从句。观察每个句子并尝试说出限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句之间的异同。
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况
1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容。
He is from Yantai,which I know from his accent.
他来自烟台,那是我通过他的口音知道的。
2.先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时。
The moon,which is 384,400 kilometres away from the earth,creates many
beautiful stories.
离地球384 400千米远的月球,创造了很多美丽的故事。
Yesterday she sold her car,which she bought a month ago.
昨天她卖掉了她一个月之前买的汽车。
3.先行词指的是某人唯一的某个亲属。
His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college.
他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
His brother,who is nineteen years old,is serving in the army now.
他的哥哥,今年十九岁,现在正在部队服役。(表明他只有一个哥哥)
4.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构中。
此结构常见的有some(several,a few,many,most,part,the largest) of which/
whom等形式。有时of which/whom可以提到名词、代词等前面。
He has six suits,of which two are black.
他有六套西服,其中两套是黑色的。
I have some friends,some of whom are experts.
我有一些朋友,其中有些是专家。
语境运用
用适当的关系词填空
①The temple, was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the
earthquake.
②My father, was a Chinese teacher working in a high school,
retired last year.
③China has thousands of islands,the largest of is Taiwan.
which
who
which
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.意义不同
限制性定语从句,从句不可省略,否则原句句意不完整;而非限制性定语从句若去掉从句,主句意思仍完整。
There’s a park near the school where I often go with other students at the weekend.
学校附近有一个公园,周末我经常和其他学生一起去。(限制性定语从句,起限定作用,去掉从句句意不完整)
The house,which we bought last month,lies in the centre of the city.
那所房子位于市中心,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句,补充说明购买时间,去掉从句句意仍完整)
2.结构要求不同
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,从句与先行词之间不加逗号;而非限制性定语从句用逗号把先行词或主句隔开。
Do you know the man who is clever at painting
你认识那个擅长绘画的人吗 (限制性定语从句)
He caught a cold last year,which lasted for nearly a month.
他去年得了一场感冒,持续了差不多一月之久。(非限制性定语从句)
3.作用不同
限制性定语从句,起修饰限制作用,只可修饰先行词;而非限制性定语从句,起补充说明作用,可修饰先行词或主句。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我所读过的小说中最好的一部。(限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)
The novel,which I read last night,is very interesting.
我昨天晚上看的那部小说,它非常有趣。(非限制性定语从句,先行词为novel)
The book is very interesting,which makes me very excited.
这本书很有趣,这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整句话的内容)
4.省略情况不同
限制性定语从句关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;而非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可以省略。
This is a good story (which/that) I read a few days ago.
这是我几天前看过的一个好故事。(限制性定语从句关系代词可以省略)
They submitted two reports,neither of which contained any useful suggestions.
他们提交了两份报告,都没有任何有用的建议。(非限制性定语从句关系代词不可以省略)
5.译法不同
限制性定语从句翻译成先行词的定语,“……的”;而非限制性定语从句通常翻译成主句的并列句。
This is the doctor(whom/who/that) we are talking about.
这就是我们正在谈论的那个医生。(限制性定语从句)
I have a younger brother,who is an English teacher.
我有一个弟弟,他是一名英语老师。(非限制性定语从句)
语境运用
用适当的关系词填空
①She has been writing for more than half a year, is quite
unexpected to her.
②He received a large reward, was no more than his due.
③In our class there are fifty students,most of are good at
English.
which
which
whom
三、as、which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;而which引导非限制性定语从
句时,先行词既可以是整个主句,也可以是主句的一部分。
As we all know,food is closely related to our daily life.
众所周知,食物与我们的日常生活息息相关。
She is always careless,which we should not be.
她总是粗心,我们不应该这样。
He failed in the experiment,which was unexpected.
他实验失败了,这是没有料到的。
2.as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可以位于先行词之前、之中和之后,而which引导的从
句仅能位于先行词之后。
As we all know,respecting the old and taking care of the young is a good Chinese tradition.
众所周知,尊老爱幼是中华民族的优良传统。
My parents often treat me as a baby,which I can’t bear.
父母常常把我当小孩看待,这是我难以忍受的。
3.as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which常译为“这;那”。常用句型有:as we all
know,as is known to all,as everybody can see,as is expected等。
As everybody can see,great changes have taken place in China.
正如大家所能看到的,中国已发生了巨大的变化。
He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.
他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。
语境运用
用适当的关系词填空
①The weather turned out to be very windy, was more than we
could expect.
② has been announced,we shall have our final exam next week.
which
As
四、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题
1.非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
2.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。
I had told them the reason,for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们原因,为什么我没有参加会议。
3.非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容,这时从句谓语动词要用第三
人称单数形式。
The sun heats the earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予地球热量,这就使植物的生长成为可能。 (先行词为整个主句的内容)
语境运用
用适当的关系词填空
①Little Tom passed his exam, surprised me a great deal.
②The reason, he was absent from the meeting,wasn’t
given.
which
for
which
真题赏析
1.While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as
gifts, might add to the meaning I attach to them.
(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B)
2. he often did,he stopped by the “after work auction (拍卖)”
run by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold
to the highest bidder.(2020全国Ⅱ卷,完形填空)
答案及剖析:
1.which 考查非限制性定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整个句子,同时在定语从句中作主语,故用which引导。
2.As 考查非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句,表示“正如;正像”,
as在从句中作宾语。
which
As
3.One nonprofit organization, monitors the treatment of animals
in filmed entertainment,is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions
this year.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解B)
4.And there are questions about the films made outside the States,
sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed
in the States.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解B)
答案及剖析:
3.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为organization,指
物,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作monitors的主语,故用which。
4.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the films,指物,
关系词在非限制性定语从句中作are not monitored的主语,故用which。
which
which
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Tom’s father, is over sixty,still works hard day and night.
2.I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I
went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
3.Maria has written two novels,both of have been made into
television series.
4.I have three foreign teachers,two of are from Canada.
5.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without help I would never
have got this far.
who
when
which
whom
whose
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.足球是一个很有趣的运动项目,很多国家都踢足球。
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played in many countries.
2.我给妹妹买了一个大玩具,这使得她非常高兴。
I bought my sister a big toy,which delighted her greatly.
3.约翰邀请了约40个人参加他的婚礼,其中大多数是他的家庭成员。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are his family members.
4.他的妻子,就是你在我家遇见的那个,是一位老师。
His wife,whom you met at my home,was a teacher.
5.这条河从市中心流过,它带给我们很多快乐。
The river,which runs through the centre of the city,has brought us lots of pleasure.
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.The buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the .
(academy) mission of the university.
2.The most awkward email mistake is usually (commit) in anger.
3.Students’ performance is (evaluate) every term.
4.We should make a (distinct) between right and wrong.
5.Upon (hear) the news that a Chinese painting exhibition will be
held,I am very glad.
academic
committed
evaluated
distinction
hearing
6.He didn’t pass the exam and he felt (defeat).
7. (apparent),the little boy was crazy about watching cartoons.
8.By day a Cairo dentist and by night a (novel),he spent years
struggling to get published.
9.Our (science) research is second to none.
10.In (conclude),walking is beneficial to our health.
defeated
Apparently
novelist
scientific
conclusion
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.经理终于承认了这个问题。(acknowledge sth.)
The manager finally acknowledged the problem.
2.检查设备的磨损情况。(wear and tear)
Check the equipment for wear and tear.
3.我想知道这个决定是谁做出的,他们是如何得出结论的。(come to/draw one’s
conclusion)
I wonder who made this decision and how they came to/drew their conclusion.
4.她坚持要出席所有的采访。(insist on)
She insisted on attending all the interviews.
5.我们的政府致力于改善人民生活。(be committed to doing sth.)
Our government is committed to improving people’s life.
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Fu Cong,a Chinese-born pianist,died on Monday at a hospital in London,where he had lived for many years.
A lover of classical music from a young age,Mr.Fu began taking piano lessons when he was 7.He made his first stage appearance in 1952.The concert caught the attention of officials in Beijing,who selected him to compete and tour in Eastern Europe.Mr.Fu soon moved to Poland,where he studied at the Warsaw Conservatory (音乐学校) on a scholarship.To prepare for the fifth Chopin Competition in Warsaw in 1955,he practised so hard that he hurt his fingers and was nearly cut from the first round of the competition.
Mr.Fu was one of the first Chinese pianists to achieve global fame when he took third place in the International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1955.He also won a special prize for his performance of Chopin’s mazurkas.Almost overnight,he became a famous hero.To China,Mr.Fu’s recognition in a well-known international competition was evidence that China could stand on its own artistically in the West.Chinese reporters came to interview Mr.Fu,while many others went to his father,Fu Lei,for advice on child-raising.
In 1981,a volume of letters written by his father,was published in China.Full of advice,encouragement,life teachings and strict paternal love,the book Fu Lei’s Family Letters became a best-seller in China.Besides influencing a generation of Chinese,Mr.Fu’s words resonated(引起共鸣) long after his death with the person for whom they were intended.
“My father had a saying that ‘First you must be a person,then an artist,and then a musician,and only then can you be a pianist.’”Mr.Fu once recalled in an interview.“Even now,I believe in this order that it should be this way and that I am this way.”
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文,讲述了中国著名音乐家傅聪学习音乐的经历及所获得的成就,也介绍了父亲对他的影响。阅读本文有利于培养学生热爱学习、勇于拼搏、成就梦想的精神。
1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Fu Cong’s achievements in music.
B.Fu Cong’s stage performances.
C.Fu Cong’s experiences of learning music.
D.Fu Cong’s efforts for competitions.
答案及剖析:
1.C 段落大意题。考查学生理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据文章第二段前两句及“Mr.Fu soon moved to Poland,where he studied at the Warsaw Conservatory (音乐学校) on a scholarship.”可知,本段讲述了傅聪学习音乐的经历。故选C。
2.Why does Fu Cong’s global recognition mean a lot to China
A.It earns Chinese art a place in the West.
B.It promotes the spread of Chinese culture.
C.It proves Chinese people’s love for music.
D.It enables Chinese art education to be recognised.
答案及剖析:
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第三段中的“To China,Mr.Fu’s recognition in...in the West.”可知,傅聪被全球认可对中国意义重大是因为他为中国艺术在西方赢得了一席之地。故选A。
3.What does the underlined word“they” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Fu Lei’s Family Letters.
B.Young people of China.
C.Fu Cong and his family.
D.Readers of Fu Lei’s Family Letters.
答案及剖析:
3.A 词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据文章倒数第二段可知,《傅雷家书》充满建议、鼓励、生活教诲和严厉的父爱,成为中国的畅销书。傅先生的话除了影响了一代中国人之外,在他死后很长一段时间里,他的话也在它们的读者那里引起了共鸣。故此处的they指代上文提到的《傅雷家书》里的信件。故选A。
4.Which of the following agrees with Fu Lei’s ideas in the last
paragraph
A.It’s easy to be an artist.
B.It requires various qualities to be a pianist.
C.Everyone should develop an interest in art.
D.Talent is of greatest importance for a pianist.
答案及剖析:
4.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章最后一段内容可知,傅聪认为,成为一个钢琴家需要各方面的品质。故选B。
B
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者),who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.By the time she was 13,her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth,instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad.On the outing,she was offered a candy bar.However,her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth.But Moore was sick of missing out on candies.So she desired to overcome the warning,“Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it ”With that in mind,Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company.He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad’s permission,she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.She also consulted dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.Consequently,she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners,which could reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground.
Afterwards,she and her father got their first business meeting with a supermarket owner,who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grows,so does Moore’s reliability as an entrepreneur.Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created,and she hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile,with her parents’ help,Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life.Although she founded her company early on in life,she wasn’t driven primarily by profit.Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles.
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alice Moore创业成功的故事,告诉我们积极的思考和行动会带来成功。阅读本文有利于学生树立正确的人生观和培养他们勇于追求幸福快乐的精神。
5.How did Moore react to her dad’s warning
A.She didn’t care.
B.She tried to find a way out.
C.She argued with him.
D.She chose to consult dentists.
答案及剖析:
5.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第二段中的“So she desired to overcome...my parents can’t say no to it ’”可知,她试图找到解决办法。故选B。
6.What is special about CanCandy
A.It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.
B.It is free of sweeteners.
C.It is sweeter than other candies.
D.It is beneficial to dental health.
答案及剖析:
6.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第三段第一句可知,它对牙齿健康有益。故选D。
7.Which of the following words best describes Moore as a teenager
A.Humourous. B.Selfish.
C.Caring. D.Stubborn.
答案及剖析:
7.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第五段最后一句和文章最后一段倒数第二句可推知,Moore是一个关心他人的人。故选C。
8.What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story
A.Positive thinking and action result in success.
B.Fame is a great thirst of the young.
C.A youth is to be regarded with respect.
D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
答案及剖析:
8.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第二、第三、第四段内容可推知,文章主要告诉我们积极的思考和行动带来成功。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A Young Designer’s Way to Fashion Success
Chinese designer Zhang Yan,1. work has just hit New York’s and Chinese catwalks(T台),is slowly breaking the old idea about men in embroidery (刺绣) and fashion.Zhang has surprised the world with his unique embroidered cheongsam (旗袍).
However,for the young man,his success is not easy.2. (hold) the tiny needle properly in his big hand wasn’t 3. easy job for Zhang in the early days.What’s more,his parents were 4. (strong) against him,thinking that embroidery was women’s work and it had no future,5. Zhang did not give up.He believes the spirit of craftsmanship has nothing to do with gender (性别) when it comes to dreams.
Years of his hard work 6. (pay) off so far.His designs quickly drew attention and even earned him an invitation 7. the 2019 New York Fashion Week.Western audiences at the show 8. (amaze) by the charm of the embroidered cheongsam,saying it showed a kind of Eastern power.
Feeling that his success has brought him a sense of national
9. (proud),Zhang hopes his experience can also help inspire teenagers 10. (follow) their dreams.“There are many ways to achieve success.As long as you keep going,you can make your dreams come true,”he says.
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述一个年轻设计师的成功之路。阅读本文有利于培养学生持之以恒,努力实现梦想的精神。
答案及剖析:
1.whose 考查定语从句。此处Chinese designer Zhang Yan是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作定语,由关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
2.Holding 考查动名词作主语。句子缺少主语,此处是动名词作主语。故填Holding。
3.an 考查不定冠词。此处表示“泛指”,用不定冠词,easy是以元音音素开头的词,所以用an表示“一”。故填an。
4.strongly 考查副词。句中against him是介词短语作表语,用副词修饰。故填strongly。
5.but 考查并列连词。前后是转折关系,由并列连词but连接。故填but。
6.has paid 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语so far可知,用现在完成时,再根据主语是不可数名词work,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has paid。
7.to 考查介词to的用法。固定搭配:an invitation to“……的邀请”,其中to是介词。故填to。
8.were amazed 考查动词时态和语态。主语audiences和谓语动词amaze之间是被动关系,且指过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语是复数。故填were amazed。
9.pride 考查名词。句中national是形容词,修饰名词,所给词proud是形容词,其名词是pride。故填pride。
10.to follow 考查不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配:inspire sb.to do sth.
“鼓励某人做某事”,其中不定式作宾语补足语。故填to follow。UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
There are many scientists in China who have made great contributions to the development of China.They have great qualities,such as love for our country,determination to get over difficulties,etc.They have set a good example to us.We should learn from them.Do you know the following great scientists
Can you add more examples
Lin Qiaozhi
Part 1 Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
1.主题语境:人与社会——卓有成就的人物。
2.语篇类型:专题新闻报道。
3.课文内容分析:
本文介绍了屠呦呦的生平经历和她带领团队为治疗疟疾发现并提取青蒿素的过程。学生阅读本文,归纳屠呦呦及其团队获得成功的原因,可以感受到屠呦呦及其团队的艰辛和伟大,了解传统中医药对人类健康和世界发展的突出贡献和价值,进而反思自我,为成为“有价值之人”做好未来职业和人生的规划。
答案:1.born 2.graduated 3.Academy 4.malaria 5.head 6.treatments 7.lower 8.was awarded
1.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.(教材第2页)
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分,据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。
◆vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
It is vital that we should be kept informed of all developments.
重要的是我们应该随时知晓所有的发展情况。
As for the work,it is vital to keep accurate records.
就这项工作而言,做好准确的记录非常重要。
Reading books is vital for human development.
读书对人类的发展非常重要。
[备用例句]
①Consideration for other people is vital to all of us.
对我们所有人而言体谅他人是极其重要的。
②It is vital that we act to stop the destruction of the rainforests.
至关重要的是,我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林。
用于“It is +adj.+ that...”句型中,且从句必须用虚拟语气的常见形容词还有important、essential、necessary、natural、strange等。
单句语法填空
①It’s vital (carry) out the operation immediately.
②Such measures are vital our national security.
③It is vital that he (get) on well with his classmates and teachers.
完成句子
④对于家长来说,教育孩子金钱的价值是至关重要的。
For a parent, that you teach your child the value of money.
答案:①to carry ②to/for ③(should) get ④it is vital
2.Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.(教材第2页)
屠呦呦,这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学部。
◆committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
They are committed volunteers,watching over the Tibetan antelope day and night.
他们是尽心尽力的志愿者,日日夜夜守护着藏羚羊。
The company has been committed to providing customers with high-quality measuring instruments.
这个公司一直致力于为顾客提供高质量的测量仪器。
And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable.(2020江苏卷,完形填空)
因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况,在非洲和亚洲,数千万人都恢复了视力。
[备用例句]
①The two countries committed themselves to settle the differences peacefully.
两国承诺和平解决分歧。
②The government is committed to stopping pollution.
政府致力于制止污染。
单句语法填空
①He remains (commit) to his dream.
②Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big (commit),but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
③The government must commit itself to (improve) health care.
完成句子
④我们已经答应帮忙,就一定会做到的。
We’ve to help,and we will.
⑤毫无疑问,她犯了罪,被关进了监狱。
There was no doubt that she and was put into prison.
答案:①committed ②commitment ③improving/improve ④made a commitment
⑤committed a crime
3.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.(教材第2页)
她的团队研读了2 000多篇(个)中医药古籍(古方),评估了28万种植物的药学属性。
◆evaluate vt.评价;评估
We must evaluate her ability on/ by her work.
我们必须根据她的工作评估她的能力。
The school has only been open for six months,so it’s hard to evaluate its success.
这所学校仅开办了六个月,所以很难评价它的成功。
How do you evaluate the influence of such challenges on China’s economy
你怎样评价这些挑战对中国经济的影响
[备用例句]
①We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对这一政策能产生多好的效果作出评估。
②They will give an evaluation of the health care system.
他们将对医疗制度进行评价。
单句语法填空
①Students are usually (evaluate),based on their performances in exams.
②They will give an (evaluate) of the quality of the building.
③We shouldn’t evaluate people their clothes.
句型转换
④First,you need to evaluate yourself,your values,your strengths,your weaknesses,your achievements,your desires,etc.
→First,you need to yourself,your values,your strengths,your weaknesses,your achievements,your desires,etc.
答案:①evaluated ②evaluation ③on/by
④make an evaluation of
4....they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments...(教材第2页)
……他们发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法……
◆distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
It is distinct that we should make a distinction between them.
很明显,我们应该把它们区分开来。
Gold is distinct from iron.
金与铁是不同的。
[备用例句]
①This photo is not distinct.
这张照片不清晰。
②He draws a distinction between art and culture.
他将艺术和文化区分开来。
单句语法填空
①I didn’t yet make a distinction the pleasure of reading and of writing fiction.
②There has been a (distinction) improvement in his work.
完成句子
③很明显,酗酒对我们的健康有害。
drinking too much is harmful to our health.
答案:①between ②distinct ③It is distinct that
5.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.(教材第2页)
之后,他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶,用熬出的液体治疗疟疾,但是依旧无效。
◆obtain vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行 vt.(尤指经济力)获得;赢得
...we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
……我们有机会获得月球是如何构成的信息。
At University of Oxford,he obtained his master’s degree in literature.
在牛津大学,他获得了文学硕士学位。
We can obtain the latest information from the Internet.
我们可以从网上获得最新消息。
[备用例句]
The perfect body has always been difficult to obtain.
完美的身材总是很难获得。
表达“获得”的动词还有gain、get、acquire等。
单句语法填空
①Salt (obtain) by evaporating the seawater.
②The scientist obtained a substance the experiment.
完成句子
③He always managed to (得到他想要的东西).
答案:①is obtained ②from ③obtain what he wanted
6.However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.(教材第2页)
然而,屠呦呦并不认输。
(1)acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
He is widely acknowledged as/to be the best player in the world.
人们普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。
It’s acknowledged that reading plays an important part in learning English.
人们普遍认为阅读在英语学习中起到重要作用。
I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.
我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。
[备用例句]
①Do you acknowledge that you are wrong
你承认你错了吗
②Mary acknowledged Tom’s help in her letter.
玛丽在信中对汤姆的帮助表示感谢。
①acknowledge表示承认做了某事,其后可接动名词,也可接that从句,但通常不接不定式。
②acknowledge后虽不能接不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语。
单句语法填空
①He acknowledged (lie) to me.
②It is universally (acknowledge) that it is important to build a harmonious society.
③He is also acknowledged an excellent goalkeeper.
句型转换
④People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
→ that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
答案:①lying/having lied ②acknowledged
③as/to be ④It is widely acknowledged
(2)defeat n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
Know the enemy and know yourself,and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
知己知彼,百战不殆。
He defeated his opponents in this election.
他在这次选举中击败了对手。
[备用例句]
①He defeated his elder brother at table tennis.
他在乒乓球赛中击败了他哥哥。
②What he said meant admitting defeat.
他说的话就意味着承认失败。
[词汇辨析]
单词 意义 所跟宾语
win 赢得;获胜 比赛、奖品、奖金、名誉、财产、战争等
beat 击败;战胜 竞争中的队伍或对手,或战争中的敌人等
defeat 击败;战胜 通常接表示“人”或“团体”的名词或代词作宾语。既可以指在比赛中,也可以指在战场上战胜对手
Yesterday,I defeated/ beat John at chess.He won only one set,while I won two sets.
昨天和约翰下棋,我赢了他。他只赢了一盘,而我赢了两盘。
单句语法填空
①The girl was sad,for she (defeat) by her partner again.
②He did all he could (win) his favour.
③Yesterday he defeated/beat me swimming.
完成句子
④非常遗憾,我们的足球队被他们的足球队打败了。
It is a pity that by theirs.
答案:①was defeated ②to win ③at
④our football team was defeated
7.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.(教材第2页)
她得出结论,认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。
◆conclude vt.& vi.结束;推断出
I will conclude this chapter with a quotation.
我将用一段引文来结束本章。
Mr Smith concluded from her nervous look that she was lying.
史密斯先生从她慌张的表情推断出她在撒谎。
We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
我们将进一步讨论,然后再得出最终结论。
In conclusion,strolling is a cheap,safe,enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
总而言之,散步是一种低价、安全、愉快的锻炼方式,而且随时随地都可以进行。
[备用例句]
①In conclusion,I would like to thank all the people present at the meeting today.
最后我想感谢今天所有参加会议的人。
②She concluded her performance with a poem.
她以一首诗结束了她的表演。
③This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community,who are easy targets of cheating.(2020天津卷,完形填空)
这让琼斯得出结论,在他的社区里有太多极度孤独的人,他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。
除in conclusion外,写作时还常常用到下面短语作为“全文总结语”:in a word、in brief、all in all、in short、on the whole。
单句语法填空
①What can we conclude the conversation
②In (conclude),I’d like to express how much I have enjoyed myself today.
③The meeting concluded an agreement at ten o’clock.
答案:①from ②conclusion ③with
8.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.(教材第3页)
屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
◆insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
He insisted that he was right.
他坚持认为他是正确的。
He insists that the project (should) be carried out on schedule.
他坚决要求按计划开展这个工程。
[备用例句]
①She insisted on her mother’s living with her.
她坚决要求她母亲和她住在一起。
②She insisted that he (should) leave for Shanghai.
她坚决要求他去上海。
单句语法填空
①The man insisted finding a taxi for me even though I had told him I lived nearby.
②He insisted that he (do)the experiment by himself.
③He insisted that the problem (discuss) at the meeting.
句型转换
④The teacher insisted on all of us handing in all the homework on Monday.
→The teacher insisted on all the homework on Monday.
答案:①on/upon ②(should)do ③(should)be discussed ④being handed in
9.There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.(教材第5页)
我们帮不了琳达。她的情况我们无法控制。
◆circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况
His words were of little comfort in the circumstances.
在这种情况下,他的话起不了什么安慰作用。
Under no circumstances are you to leave the house.
你无论如何都不得离开这所房子。
Teenagers tend to adapt to the study atmosphere and circumstances quickly.
青少年往往能很快地适应学习氛围和环境。
[备用例句]
In/Under the circumstances,we must rely on ourselves to develop the best chips for cellphones and computers.
在这种情况下,我们必须依靠我们自己来开发最好的手机和电脑芯片。
表示否定意义的介词短语at no time(在任何时候都不)、on no condition(无论如何都不)、on no account(决不)、in no way(决不)、in no sense(决不)等位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。
单句语法填空
①I wish we could have met happier circumstances.
②We can’t take measures until we’ve known all the (circumstance).
③Under no circumstances the door of the research lab be left unlocked.
句型转换
④You must leave your position under/in no circumstances.
→ you leave your position.
答案:①in/under ②circumstances ③must
④Under/In no circumstances must
1.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.(教材第3页)
通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后,她发现了一种有效物质。
◆句中使用了现在分词作方式状语,use与主语she之间是主动关系。
I always read,using different voices,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!(2020全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解D)
我总是用不同的声音阅读,就好像我在用我的声音表演故事,他们很喜欢!
The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读D)
参与者也一样,比平时吃得多。
Walking on the street,I met my old friend Anna.
在街上走的时候,我遇到了我的老朋友安娜。
[备用例句]
Being ill,he didn’t come to school.
因为生病了,他没来上学。
①有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如:generally speaking“一般来说”,judging by/from...“从……判断”,taking everything into consideration“从各方面考虑”。
②现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作,表示主动关系;过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,表示被动关系。
单句语法填空
①They went to the theatre, (talk) and laughing.
②The park was full of people, (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
③ (persuade) him to change his mind,we went home earlier.
句型转换
④As he was ill,he was sent to hospital.
→ ,he was sent to hospital.
⑤The girls came into the classroom.They sang and danced.
→The girls came into the classroom, .
⑥If you work hard at your lessons,you will succeed.
→ at your lessons,you will succeed.
答案:①talking ②enjoying ③Having persuaded
④Being ill ⑤singing and dancing
⑥Working hard
2.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine...” (教材第3页)
获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
◆在本句中,“介词upon + 动词-ing形式”构成介词短语,作时间状语。
Upon graduating,he joined the army.
一毕业他就参了军。
Upon finishing it,I was struck by the feeling that it was the best composition I had ever written.
写完这篇作文时,我就感到这是我写过的最好的作文。
Upon their return to the country,the women’s volleyball team received praise and flowers.
女排一回国,就收到了赞誉和鲜花。
①某些at引导的介词短语也可以用来表达“一……就……”,如at the sight of (一看到);at the thought of (一想到);at the sound of (一听到);at the first opportunity/chance (一有机会) 等。
②在名词minute、moment和instant前加上定冠词the也可以引导时间状语从句,表示“一……就……”,它们后面可以加that,含义不变。
③可用副词immediately和directly来表达“一……就……”。这时,它们所起的作用相当于连词,引导时间状语从句。这种用法主要用在英式英语及口语中。
④upon还可换作介词on,表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生,这种用法常见于正式的文体,根据语境,可译作“在……的时候;当……时;一……就……”。
完成句子
①我本该在一收到你寄来的生日礼物时就写封感谢信的。
I should have written a thank-you letter for the gift you sent me for my birthday .
②一到机场,我们所有人就受到了热烈欢迎。
the airport,we were all welcomed warmly.
句型转换
③Upon arriving home,Mike turned on TV to watch his favourite program.
→ he arrived home,Mike turned on TV to watch his favourite program.
④Upon seeing her,I smiled and ran to her.
→ I saw her,I smiled and ran to her.
答案:①upon/on receiving it ②On/Upon arriving at ③As soon as ④When
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.(教材第2页)
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分,据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。
◆and连接并列谓语has become和is thought to save;be thought to do sth.表示“被认为做某事”,是句型It is thought that的变形。
单句情境写作
1.这场暴风雨已经对该地区的农作物造成了巨大威胁,据估计造成了多达4人死亡。
2.这种疾病已经感染了近30%的人口,据说这种疾病起源于热带地区。
答案:1.The storm has posed a great threat to the crops in the area,and is thought to be responsible for as many as four deaths.
2.The disease has infected nearly 30 percent of the population,and is said to have originated in the tropics.
1.This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.(教材第2页)
本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一),她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。
◆crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的
The family base was crucial to my development.
家庭基础对我的成长至关重要。
It is crucial that we should create a harmonious family.
创建一个和谐的家庭是极其重要的。
[备用例句]
①Parents play a crucial role in children’s education.
父母在子女的教育中起着重要的作用。
②The teenage period is crucial in establishing a correct world outlook.
青少年时期是建立正确世界观的关键阶段。
单句语法填空
①An animal’s sense of smell is still crucial its survival.
②In any college application process,the interview is (crucial) important.
完成句子
③教师的工作对知识的传播起着关键性的作用。
The work of teachers knowledge.
答案:①to/for ②crucially ③is crucial in spreading
2.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives,and has led to improved health for millions of people.(教材第2页)
青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命,改善了很多人的健康状况。
◆lead to 导致;通向……
As a result,it was his encouragement that led to my success.
结果,是他的鼓励引导我走向成功。
As we all know,all roads lead to Rome.
众所周知,条条大路通罗马。
[备用例句]
①What on earth led him to think so
究竟是什么使他这样想
②The Party is leading us in building the harmonious society.
党正领导我们建设和谐社会。
单句语法填空
①He had led everyone (believe) that his family was very peaceful.
完成句子
②他们缺乏锻炼导致超重。
Their lack of exercise .(2020江苏卷,阅读理解C)
③她丈夫去世后,她过着贫穷的生活。
She after her husband’s death.
答案:①to believe ②led to overweight ③led a poor life
3.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.(教材第2页)
她得出结论,认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。
◆apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然
Apparently,he did his work very well.
很显然,他工作做得非常出色。
The kids apparently know the truth.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空)
孩子们显然知道真相。
[备用例句]
It was apparent that he had a good knowledge of French.
很显然,他精通法语。
单句语法填空
① is apparently shown in the chart above,there are about 10% students supporting the idea.
②Soon, was apparent to everyone that he couldn’t sing.
一句多译
很显然,她非常激动。
③ she was very excited.
④ ,she was very excited.
答案:①As ②it ③It was apparent that ④Apparently
非限制性定语从句
1.This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.(教材第2页)
本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一),她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以被发现。
2.In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.(教材第2页)
起初,屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。
3.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.(教材第3页)
随后,该药物试用于疟疾患者,其中大多数人康复了。
4.This medicine,which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.(教材第3页)
这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快就成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。
通过以上句子可以发现,它们均为非限制性定语从句。观察每个句子并尝试说出限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句之间的异同。
一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况
1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容。
He is from Yantai,which I know from his accent.
他来自烟台,那是我通过他的口音知道的。
2.先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时。
The moon,which is 384,400 kilometres away from the earth,creates many beautiful stories.
离地球384 400千米远的月球,创造了很多美丽的故事。
Yesterday she sold her car,which she bought a month ago.
昨天她卖掉了她一个月之前买的汽车。
3.先行词指的是某人唯一的某个亲属。
His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college.
他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
His brother,who is nineteen years old,is serving in the army now.
他的哥哥,今年十九岁,现在正在部队服役。(表明他只有一个哥哥)
4.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构中。
此结构常见的有some(several,a few,many,most,part,the largest) of which/whom等形式。有时of which/whom可以提到名词、代词等前面。
He has six suits,of which two are black.
他有六套西服,其中两套是黑色的。
I have some friends,some of whom are experts.
我有一些朋友,其中有些是专家。
用适当的关系词填空
①The temple, was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.
②My father, was a Chinese teacher working in a high school,retired last year.
③China has thousands of islands,the largest of is Taiwan.
答案:①which ②who ③which
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.意义不同
限制性定语从句,从句不可省略,否则原句句意不完整;而非限制性定语从句若去掉从句,主句意思仍完整。
There’s a park near the school where I often go with other students at the weekend.
学校附近有一个公园,周末我经常和其他学生一起去。(限制性定语从句,起限定作用,去掉从句句意不完整)
The house,which we bought last month,lies in the centre of the city.
那所房子位于市中心,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性定语从句,补充说明购买时间,去掉从句句意仍完整)
2.结构要求不同
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,从句与先行词之间不加逗号;而非限制性定语从句用逗号把先行词或主句隔开。
Do you know the man who is clever at painting
你认识那个擅长绘画的人吗 (限制性定语从句)
He caught a cold last year,which lasted for nearly a month.
他去年得了一场感冒,持续了差不多一月之久。(非限制性定语从句)
3.作用不同
限制性定语从句,起修饰限制作用,只可修饰先行词;而非限制性定语从句,起补充说明作用,可修饰先行词或主句。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我所读过的小说中最好的一部。(限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)
The novel,which I read last night,is very interesting.
我昨天晚上看的那部小说,它非常有趣。(非限制性定语从句,先行词为novel)
The book is very interesting,which makes me very excited.
这本书很有趣,这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整句话的内容)
4.省略情况不同
限制性定语从句关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略;而非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可以省略。
This is a good story (which/that) I read a few days ago.
这是我几天前看过的一个好故事。(限制性定语从句关系代词可以省略)
They submitted two reports,neither of which contained any useful suggestions.
他们提交了两份报告,都没有任何有用的建议。(非限制性定语从句关系代词不可以省略)
5.译法不同
限制性定语从句翻译成先行词的定语,“……的”;而非限制性定语从句通常翻译成主句的并列句。
This is the doctor(whom/who/that) we are talking about.
这就是我们正在谈论的那个医生。(限制性定语从句)
I have a younger brother,who is an English teacher.
我有一个弟弟,他是一名英语老师。(非限制性定语从句)
用适当的关系词填空
①She has been writing for more than half a year, is quite unexpected to her.
②He received a large reward, was no more than his due.
③In our class there are fifty students,most of are good at English.
答案:①which ②which ③whom
三、as、which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;而which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句,也可以是主句的一部分。
As we all know,food is closely related to our daily life.
众所周知,食物与我们的日常生活息息相关。
She is always careless,which we should not be.
她总是粗心,我们不应该这样。
He failed in the experiment,which was unexpected.
他实验失败了,这是没有料到的。
2.as引导的从句位置比较灵活,可以位于先行词之前、之中和之后,而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。
As we all know,respecting the old and taking care of the young is a good Chinese tradition.
众所周知,尊老爱幼是中华民族的优良传统。
My parents often treat me as a baby,which I can’t bear.
父母常常把我当小孩看待,这是我难以忍受的。
3.as引导从句时常译为“正如”,而which常译为“这;那”。常用句型有:as we all know,as is known to all,as everybody can see,as is expected等。
As everybody can see,great changes have taken place in China.
正如大家所能看到的,中国已发生了巨大的变化。
He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.
他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。
用适当的关系词填空
①The weather turned out to be very windy, was more than we could expect.
② has been announced,we shall have our final exam next week.
答案:①which ②As
四、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题
1.非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
2.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。
I had told them the reason,for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们原因,为什么我没有参加会议。
3.非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
The sun heats the earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予地球热量,这就使植物的生长成为可能。 (先行词为整个主句的内容)
用适当的关系词填空
①Little Tom passed his exam, surprised me a great deal.
②The reason, he was absent from the meeting,wasn’t given.
答案:①which ②for which
1.While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,
might add to the meaning I attach to them.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B)
2. he often did,he stopped by the “after work auction (拍卖)” run by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.(2020全国Ⅱ卷,完形填空)
3.One nonprofit organization, monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment,is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解B)
4.And there are questions about the films made outside the States, sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解B)
答案及剖析:
1.which 考查非限制性定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整个句子,同时在定语从句中作主语,故用which引导。
2.As 考查非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句,表示“正如;正像”,as在从句中作宾语。
3.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为organization,指物,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作monitors的主语,故用which。
4.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the films,指物,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作are not monitored的主语,故用which。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Tom’s father, is over sixty,still works hard day and night.
2.I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
3.Maria has written two novels,both of have been made into television series.
4.I have three foreign teachers,two of are from Canada.
5.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without help I would never have got this far.
答案:1.who 2.when 3.which 4.whom
5.whose
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.足球是一个很有趣的运动项目,很多国家都踢足球。
2.我给妹妹买了一个大玩具,这使得她非常高兴。
3.约翰邀请了约40个人参加他的婚礼,其中大多数是他的家庭成员。
4.他的妻子,就是你在我家遇见的那个,是一位老师。
5.这条河从市中心流过,它带给我们很多快乐。
答案:1.Football,which is a very interesting game,is played in many countries.
2.I bought my sister a big toy,which delighted her greatly.
3.John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are his family members.
4.His wife,whom you met at my home,was a teacher.
5.The river,which runs through the centre of the city,has brought us lots of pleasure.
课时作业(一) UNIT 1 Part 1
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.The buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the (academy) mission of the university.
2.The most awkward email mistake is usually (commit) in anger.
3.Students’ performance is (evaluate) every term.
4.We should make a (distinct) between right and wrong.
5.Upon (hear) the news that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held,I am very glad.
6.He didn’t pass the exam and he felt (defeat).
7. (apparent),the little boy was crazy about watching cartoons.
8.By day a Cairo dentist and by night a (novel),he spent years struggling to get published.
9.Our (science) research is second to none.
10.In (conclude),walking is beneficial to our health.
答案:1.academic 2.committed 3.evaluated
4.distinction 5.hearing 6.defeated
7.Apparently 8.novelist 9.scientific
10.conclusion
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.经理终于承认了这个问题。(acknowledge sth.)
2.检查设备的磨损情况。(wear and tear)
3.我想知道这个决定是谁做出的,他们是如何得出结论的。(come to/draw one’s conclusion)
4.她坚持要出席所有的采访。(insist on)
5.我们的政府致力于改善人民生活。(be committed to doing sth.)
答案:1.The manager finally acknowledged the problem.
2.Check the equipment for wear and tear.
3.I wonder who made this decision and how they came to/drew their conclusion.
4.She insisted on attending all the interviews.
5.Our government is committed to improving people’s life.
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Fu Cong,a Chinese-born pianist,died on Monday at a hospital in London,where he had lived for many years.
A lover of classical music from a young age,Mr.Fu began taking piano lessons when he was 7.He made his first stage appearance in 1952.The concert caught the attention of officials in Beijing,who selected him to compete and tour in Eastern Europe.Mr.Fu soon moved to Poland,where he studied at the Warsaw Conservatory (音乐学校) on a scholarship.To prepare for the fifth Chopin Competition in Warsaw in 1955,he practised so hard that he hurt his fingers and was nearly cut from the first round of the competition.
Mr.Fu was one of the first Chinese pianists to achieve global fame when he took third place in the International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1955.He also won a special prize for his performance of Chopin’s mazurkas.Almost overnight,he became a famous hero.To China,Mr.Fu’s recognition in a well-known international competition was evidence that China could stand on its own artistically in the West.Chinese reporters came to interview Mr.Fu,while many others went to his father,Fu Lei,for advice on child-raising.
In 1981,a volume of letters written by his father,was published in China.Full of advice,encouragement,life teachings and strict paternal love,the book Fu Lei’s Family Letters became a best-seller in China.Besides influencing a generation of Chinese,Mr.Fu’s words resonated(引起共鸣) long after his death with the person for whom they were intended.
“My father had a saying that ‘First you must be a person,then an artist,and then a musician,and only then can you be a pianist.’”Mr.Fu once recalled in an interview.“Even now,I believe in this order that it should be this way and that I am this way.”
1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Fu Cong’s achievements in music.
B.Fu Cong’s stage performances.
C.Fu Cong’s experiences of learning music.
D.Fu Cong’s efforts for competitions.
2.Why does Fu Cong’s global recognition mean a lot to China
A.It earns Chinese art a place in the West.
B.It promotes the spread of Chinese culture.
C.It proves Chinese people’s love for music.
D.It enables Chinese art education to be recognised.
3.What does the underlined word“they” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Fu Lei’s Family Letters.
B.Young people of China.
C.Fu Cong and his family.
D.Readers of Fu Lei’s Family Letters.
4.Which of the following agrees with Fu Lei’s ideas in the last paragraph
A.It’s easy to be an artist.
B.It requires various qualities to be a pianist.
C.Everyone should develop an interest in art.
D.Talent is of greatest importance for a pianist.
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文,讲述了中国著名音乐家傅聪学习音乐的经历及所获得的成就,也介绍了父亲对他的影响。阅读本文有利于培养学生热爱学习、勇于拼搏、成就梦想的精神。
答案及剖析:
1.C 段落大意题。考查学生理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据文章第二段前两句及“Mr.Fu soon moved to Poland,where he studied at the Warsaw Conservatory (音乐学校) on a scholarship.”可知,本段讲述了傅聪学习音乐的经历。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第三段中的“To China,Mr.Fu’s recognition in...in the West.”可知,傅聪被全球认可对中国意义重大是因为他为中国艺术在西方赢得了一席之地。故选A。
3.A 词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据文章倒数第二段可知,《傅雷家书》充满建议、鼓励、生活教诲和严厉的父爱,成为中国的畅销书。傅先生的话除了影响了一代中国人之外,在他死后很长一段时间里,他的话也在它们的读者那里引起了共鸣。故此处的they指代上文提到的《傅雷家书》里的信件。故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章最后一段内容可知,傅聪认为,成为一个钢琴家需要各方面的品质。故选B。
B
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者),who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.By the time she was 13,her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth,instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad.On the outing,she was offered a candy bar.However,her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth.But Moore was sick of missing out on candies.So she desired to overcome the warning,“Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it ”With that in mind,Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company.He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad’s permission,she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.She also consulted dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.Consequently,she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners,which could reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground.Afterwards,she and her father got their first business meeting with a supermarket owner,who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grows,so does Moore’s reliability as an entrepreneur.Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created,and she hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile,with her parents’ help,Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life.Although she founded her company early on in life,she wasn’t driven primarily by profit.Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.She donates 10% of AilieCandy’s profits to Big Smiles.
5.How did Moore react to her dad’s warning
A.She didn’t care.
B.She tried to find a way out.
C.She argued with him.
D.She chose to consult dentists.
6.What is special about CanCandy
A.It is produced to a dentists’ recipe.
B.It is free of sweeteners.
C.It is sweeter than other candies.
D.It is beneficial to dental health.
7.Which of the following words best describes Moore as a teenager
A.Humourous. B.Selfish.
C.Caring. D.Stubborn.
8.What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story
A.Positive thinking and action result in success.
B.Fame is a great thirst of the young.
C.A youth is to be regarded with respect.
D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alice Moore创业成功的故事,告诉我们积极的思考和行动会带来成功。阅读本文有利于学生树立正确的人生观和培养他们勇于追求幸福快乐的精神。
答案及剖析:
5.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第二段中的“So she desired to overcome...my parents can’t say no to it ’”可知,她试图找到解决办法。故选B。
6.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第三段第一句可知,它对牙齿健康有益。故选D。
7.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第五段最后一句和文章最后一段倒数第二句可推知,Moore是一个关心他人的人。故选C。
8.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第二、第三、第四段内容可推知,文章主要告诉我们积极的思考和行动带来成功。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A Young Designer’s Way to Fashion Success
Chinese designer Zhang Yan,1. work has just hit New York’s and Chinese catwalks(T台),is slowly breaking the old idea about men in embroidery (刺绣) and fashion.Zhang has surprised the world with his unique embroidered cheongsam (旗袍).
However,for the young man,his success is not easy.2. (hold) the tiny needle properly in his big hand wasn’t 3. easy job for Zhang in the early days.What’s more,his parents were 4. (strong) against him,thinking that embroidery was women’s work and it had no future,5. Zhang did not give up.He believes the spirit of craftsmanship has nothing to do with gender (性别) when it comes to dreams.
Years of his hard work 6. (pay) off so far.His designs quickly drew attention and even earned him an invitation 7. the 2019 New York Fashion Week.Western audiences at the show 8. (amaze) by the charm of the embroidered cheongsam,saying it showed a kind of Eastern power.
Feeling that his success has brought him a sense of national 9. (proud),Zhang hopes his experience can also help inspire teenagers 10. (follow) their dreams.“There are many ways to achieve success.As long as you keep going,you can make your dreams come true,”he says.
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述一个年轻设计师的成功之路。阅读本文有利于培养学生持之以恒,努力实现梦想的精神。
答案及剖析:
1.whose 考查定语从句。此处Chinese designer Zhang Yan是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作定语,由关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
2.Holding 考查动名词作主语。句子缺少主语,此处是动名词作主语。故填Holding。
3.an 考查不定冠词。此处表示“泛指”,用不定冠词,easy是以元音音素开头的词,所以用an表示“一”。故填an。
4.strongly 考查副词。句中against him是介词短语作表语,用副词修饰。故填strongly。
5.but 考查并列连词。前后是转折关系,由并列连词but连接。故填but。
6.has paid 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语so far可知,用现在完成时,再根据主语是不可数名词work,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has paid。
7.to 考查介词to的用法。固定搭配:an invitation to“……的邀请”,其中to是介词。故填to。
8.were amazed 考查动词时态和语态。主语audiences和谓语动词amaze之间是被动关系,且指过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语是复数。故填were amazed。
9.pride 考查名词。句中national是形容词,修饰名词,所给词proud是形容词,其名词是pride。故填pride。
10.to follow 考查不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配:inspire sb.to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”,其中不定式作宾语补足语。故填to follow。(共78张PPT)
Part 2 Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
写作专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物。
2.语篇类型:人物传记。
3.课文内容分析:
本文简要叙述了著名科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的一生,是一篇以青少年为目标读者的人物传记。先简要说明爱因斯坦的杰出成就和突出贡献,然后按时间顺序叙述了爱因斯坦的生平,最后着墨于爱因斯坦作为普通人的一面。阅读本文,有利于培养学生树立正确的人生观、价值观,并懂得普通人如果拥有梦想,坚持不懈地努力,脚踏实地地做好每件事,在自己平凡的岗位上为社会作出贡献,也能有其伟大之处。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
Introduction
Education background
Work and research
odd look and three anecdotes
death
重点词汇
1.While working there,out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued
to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(教材第8页)
工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他仍继续学习,于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
核心知识·深入探究
◆passion n.酷爱;激情;盛怒
He delivered a speech with great passion.
他满怀激情地发表了讲话。
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.
(2020江苏卷,完形填空)
仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。
It was frightening how strong he could be when he was in a passion.
当他发怒时情绪会如此强烈,真是吓人。
His father got into a passion because the boy broke the expensive vase.
因为那个男孩打碎了昂贵的花瓶,他的父亲勃然大怒。
[备用例句]
He is very passionate about the project.
他对那个项目非常热心。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Politicians are usually (passion)about politics.
②My grandma has a passion gardening.
③All we need to do is to live each day passion.
完成句子
④他酷爱英国文学。
He British literature.
passionate
for
with
has
a
passion
for
2.Circumstances changed in 1933,when Hitler came to power in Germany.
(教材第8页)
1933年,希特勒在德国上台,形势发生了变化。
◆come to power (开始)掌权;上台
He promised that once he came to power,he would set out to improve the living conditions.
他承诺说一旦他掌权,他就会着手改善生活条件。
The party has been in power for four years.
这个政党已经执政4年了。
You’re a powerful man—people will listen to you.
你是一个有影响力的人,人们将会听你的。
[备用例句]
①As is known to us,knowledge is power.
众所周知,知识就是力量。
②He has been in power for eight years.
他掌权已有8年了。
归纳拓展
温馨提示 come to power表示动作,be in power表示状态,所以come to power不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,而be in power可以。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①China is a country where the people are power.
②It’s out my power to understand how the computer works.
③Before he came power,he had once been in prison for years.
④At that moment the host’s (power) voice interrupted them,
announcing a visitor.
in
of
to/into
powerful
3.As a consequence,he had to flee Germany.(教材第8页)
因此,他不得不逃离德国。
(1)consequence n.结果;后果
I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空)
我不知道父母是否应该一直不计后果地讲真话。
He was ill as a consequence of overwork.
他因过度劳累而生病了。
[备用例句]
She was over the age limit and,in consequence,her application was rejected.
她超龄了,结果她的申请被拒绝了。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①If climate changes continue,we will suffer the .
(consequence).
②I regret to tell you that he died as a consequence his serious
injuries.
句型转换
③It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was cancelled.
→It rained yesterday and the match was
cancelled.
④The city was in ruins as a result of a severe earthquake.
→The city was in ruins a severe earthquake.
consequences
of
as
a
consequence/result
in
consequence
of
(2)flee vi.& vt.(fled,fled) 迅速离开;逃跑
She burst into tears and fled.
她突然哭了起来,跑开了。
He fled to London after an argument with his family.
他与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。
[备用例句]
①She turned round and fled from the terrible sight.
她转过身去,避开了这惨不忍睹的场面。
②All the teachers and students were managed to flee out when the
earthquake happened.
地震发生时所有的老师和学生都成功逃出去了。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He tried to flee the bordering country when the war broke
out.
②He spent six months in prison before (flee) from his country.
完成句子
③小偷在警察来之前四处逃窜。
The thieves before the
police came.
to/into
fleeing
fled
in
all
directions/every direction
4.After spending time in Europe,he finally took up a position as a
researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,USA.(教材
第8页)
在欧洲度过一段时间后,他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究员一职。
◆take up a position 担任;任职
He has taken up an important position in this company.
他在这家公司担任要职。
[备用例句]
We took off at 11:00 am and arrived in Venice at 1:30 pm.
我们在上午11点起飞,下午1:30到达威尼斯。
归纳拓展
巧学助记
语境运用
写出下列各句中take up的含义
①That sofa takes up too much room in the flat.
②My father is not one to take up readily with new ideas.
③At the age of sixty he took up the study of Russian.
完成句子
④记者们用速记法记下讲话的内容。
The reporters the speech in shorthand.
占据
接受
开始从事
took
down
5.Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel
about this person.(教材第9页)
用你的笔记来写一个介绍,并总结你对这个人的看法。
◆sum up 总结;概括
Will you please sum up the main idea of this article
请你总结一下这篇文章的大意好吗
He is saving a sum of money to buy a house for his family.
他正在积攒一笔钱以便买一所房子供全家居住。
[备用例句]
①There are many reasons,which can be summed up in three points.
原因很多,归结起来不外三点。
②In sum,theory should be combined with practice.
总之,理论必须同实践相结合。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①They presented a sum money to the college in memory of their
son.
② sum,university students should not waste their time and
energy doing business.
③Many people spoke at the meeting,and finally the chairman .
(sum) up the discussion.
翻译句子
④你能否总结本课的要点
of
In
summed
Could you sum up the main points of the lesson
重点句式
1.He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being
the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.(教材第8页)
他为世界作出了无数的贡献,最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。
◆“the most well-known being the general theory”为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。在“逻辑主语+现在分词”这种结构中,现在分词表示的动作与其逻辑主语是主动关系。该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和方式状语等。
The audience being present,the concert began.
观众到场后,音乐会开始了。(时间状语)
Many experts being present,I felt very nervous.
由于有很多专家出席,我感到很紧张。(原因状语)
[备用例句]
①Weather permitting,I’ll go to the park tomorrow.
天气允许的话,我明天会去公园。(条件状语)
②There being no one else to turn to,I had to come to you.
我没有其他可以求助的人,只能来找你。(原因状语)
归纳拓展
温馨提示
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
②独立主格结构中的名词或代词与后面的动词-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词、
不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
③在“名词+介词短语”的独立主格结构中,逻辑主语有无修饰语与介词短语中名词
前有无修饰语必须保持一致。
The teacher came in,(a) bag under (his) arm.
老师进来了,腋下夹着一个包。
语境运用
完成句子
①He was listening attentively in class, (眼睛
紧盯着) at the blackboard.
②Many trees,flowers,and grass (种上后),our
newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
his
eyes
fixed
to
be
planted
2.He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on
end as though he had just received an electric shock.(教材第8页)
他胡须浓密,头发又长又白,有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
◆句中as though “好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句,相当于as if引导方式状语从句。
Look at the clouds in the sky!It looks as if it is going to rain.
Let’s hurry up.
看看天上的云彩!看起来要下雨了。咱们快一点。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if she were an angel.
她看上去像一位天使。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
当从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语又包含动词be时,从句主语和谓语中的动词be通常可以省略。
语境运用
完成句子
①她对待这个孤儿就好像他是自己的亲儿子一样。
She treats the orphan as if/though .
.
②那个小孩跟我们讲话时就像个成年人一样。
The child talks to us as if .
③他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。
He talked about Rome as if himself.
句型转换
④He shook his head as if he was to say “Don’t trust her”.
→He shook his head as if “Don’t trust her”.
he
were
her
own
son
he
were
an
adult
he
had
been
there
to
say
长难句分析
On 18 April 1955,it was reported that Einstein had passed away,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(教材第9页)
1955年4月18日,噩耗传来,爱因斯坦与世长辞,全世界都哀悼一代科学巨星的陨落。
◆本句是一个and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中,it是形式主语,后面的that从句是真正的主语。It was reported that...意为“据报道……”。
语境运用
单句情境写作
1.2005年4月20日,据报道,超过17万人在这次海啸中丧生,南亚和东南亚的大部分地
区被毁。
On 20 April 2005,it was reported that more than 170 thousand people had died in the tsunami,and large parts of South and Southeast Asia were destroyed.
2.上周据宣布,科学家们已经将计算机科学引入这个问题,一个新的时代开始了。
Last week,it was announced that scientists had brought computer science to this problem,and a new era began.
3.昨天,据报道我们队赢得了冠军,我们的父母非常高兴。
Yesterday,it was reported that our team had won the championship,and our parents were so overjoyed.
备用讲义
Apart from his remarkable achievements,what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life (教材第9页)
除了他卓越的成就,关于爱因斯坦的生活,这篇文章告诉了我们什么
◆remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.
他在整个生病期间表现出非凡的忍耐力。
The area is remarkable for its scenery.
这一地区以风景著称。
[备用例句]
①This kind of watermelon is remarkable for its size.
这种西瓜以个头儿大著称。
②I wouldn’t like some of them to make a remark on my private affairs.
我不想让他们中的一些人议论我的私事。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①It’s that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a
(remark) character.
②He made a number of rude (remark) about the brilliant young
musician’s performance.
③It’s rude to make remark on the appearance of other people.
remarkable
remarks
a
写作专项指导
Introduce someone you admire
文本解读
1.文本类型:介绍你钦佩的一个人,属于记叙文范畴。
2.要点内容:在介绍你钦佩的一个人时,要重点突出人物的三个方面,即:人物生平介绍、事迹叙述和简短的人物评价。生平介绍往往包括该人物的出生日期、出生地、家庭背景、教育背景。事迹叙述也是人物写作的重要部分,主要是写人物作出的贡献或者取得的成就。人物评价是对所描述的人物进行评价,评价须客观公正。
思路指引
实用表达
1.介绍人物的爱好特长。
be good at/do well in/be expert in/have a talent for/have a gift for/be
qualified for/be fit for/have a good knowledge/command/of/with a great
passion for ...
2.对人物的评价。
set a good example to us/a model teacher/worker/is respected by all/
think highly of .../be honoured as
3.常用描写人物的形容词。
determined (坚决的)/warm-hearted(热心肠的)/easy-going(随和的)/energetic
(精力充沛的)/generous(慷慨的)/intelligent(聪明的)/ambitious(有雄心的)/
humourous(幽默的)/diligent (勤奋的)/attractive (有吸引力的)/patient (耐心的)/strict (严格的)/considerate(考虑周到的)/outstanding (杰出的)/
optimistic(乐观的)/enthusiastic(热情的)/bad-tempered(脾气不好的)/
reliable(可信赖的)/confident(自信的)/respectable(值得尊重的)
4.介绍人物常用句型。
My favourite teacher is...a responsible teacher with over 20 years’ teaching experience.
我最喜欢的老师是……一位有20多年的教学经验,有责任心的老师。
Abraham Lincoln,the son of a poor family,was born in Kentucky on February 12,
1809.
亚伯拉罕·林肯,一个贫苦家庭的儿子,于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。
She is an ordinary-looking girl,but her kindness and consideration impress me most.
她是一个相貌平平的女孩,但她的善良和体贴给我留下了最深刻的印象。
Born in Shanghai in 1980,Yao Ming is considered/honoured as one of the most outstanding basketball players in the world.
姚明1980年出生于上海,被认为是世界上最杰出的篮球运动员之一。
●精彩首段
During her career life,she obtained 132 championships,including 4 Olympic championships.
在她的职业生涯中,她获得了132个冠军,包括4个奥运冠军。
When he was still a boy,he showed great interest in literature.
当他还是个孩子的时候,他对文学表现出了极大的兴趣。
Being optimistic and energetic,he often takes an active part in
after-class activities.
他性格乐观,精力充沛,经常积极参加课外活动。
He went to college,during which he showed great interest in folk music.
他上了大学,在大学期间他对民间音乐表现出极大的兴趣。
Not only is he gifted at English but also he has a good command of French.
他不仅擅长英语,而且法语也很好。
●正文描述
He set a new world record in the competition,for which everyone thinks highly of him.
他在比赛中创造了一项新的世界纪录,为此每个人都对他评价很高。
He is still widely remembered for his skill,his kindness,and his deep love for his country.
他仍然以他的技能、善良和对祖国的热爱而被广泛铭记。
We regard him as our model.
我们把他作为我们的榜样。
●精彩结尾
佳作建构
请根据下面的提示写一篇英语短文,介绍你所崇拜的一位人物。主要包括以下内容:
姓名 李时珍
出生年份 1518年
著作 《本草纲目》(Compendium of Materia Medica)
内容 中草药总集,涵盖约1 892种中草药,上百万字
评价 对我国医学发展作出了重大贡献。受人们尊敬
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. adj.至关重要的;关键性的
2. adj.植物学的
3. vt.评价;评估
4. n.性质;特征;财产
5. vt.分析
6. adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
crucial
botanical
evaluate
property
analyse
extraordinary
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
翻译句子
1.李时珍是我最钦佩的人。他是明朝最杰出的医学家之一。
2.从很小的时候,他就对植物学表现出了非凡的兴趣,对中草药有着极大的热情。
Li Shizhen is the person I admire most.He was one of the most remarkable medical scientists in Ming Dynasty.
From an early age,he showed an extraordinary botanical interest and had a passion for Chinese herbs.
3.他走群山、访百姓,评估众多草药,分析它们的药学属性。
He visited mountains,called on ordinary people,evaluated numerous herbs and analysed their medical properties.
4.他花了27年的时间完成了《本草纲目》。
5.这本书是一本重要的中草药集。
It took him 27 years to finish Compendium of Materia Medica.
The book is a crucial collection of Chinese herbs.
6.该书包括约1 892种中草药,上百万字,被认为是对中医药发展的巨大贡献。
The book includes about 1,892 kinds of Chinese herbs with millions of characters and it is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine.
7.他作出了如此巨大的贡献,值得所有中国人尊敬。
He has made so great contributions that he deserves the respect of all the Chinese.
亮点提升
1.用定语从句升级第1句。
Li Shizhen is the person I admire most,who was one of the most remarkable medical scientists in Ming Dynasty.
2.用同位语从句升级第4句和第5句,使之简洁。
It took him 27 years to finish Compendium of Materia Medica,a crucial collection of Chinese herbs.
3.用现在分词作状语升级第6句。
Including about 1,892 kinds of Chinese herbs with millions of characters,
the book is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine.
4.用介词短语Due to作状语升级第7句。
Due to his great contributions,he deserves the respect of all the Chinese.
范文展示
Li Shizhen is the person I admire most,who was one of the most remarkable medical scientists in Ming Dynasty.
Li Shizhen was born in 1518.From an early age,he showed an extraordinary botanical interest and had a passion for Chinese herbs.He visited mountains,called on ordinary people,evaluated numerous herbs and analysed their medical properties.It took him 27 years to finish Compendium of Materia Medica,a crucial collection of Chinese herbs.
Including about 1,892 kinds of Chinese herbs with millions of characters,
the book is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine.
Due to his great contributions,he deserves the respect of all the Chinese.
写作练习
请根据下面的提示写一篇英语短文,介绍你所崇拜的一位人物:著名音乐家弗雷德里克·弗朗索瓦·肖邦(Frederic Francois Chopin)。短文主要包括以下内容:
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
生卒年份 1810～1849
生平简介 1.6岁学习音乐,7岁作曲,8岁公开演出,20岁已是颇有名气的作曲家
2.21岁移居巴黎,以作曲和教学为生
成就及
评价 1.一生创作了约二百部作品
2.被誉为“钢琴诗人”
写作指导
One possible version:
The Great Composer Chopin
Of all the people I know,I admire Frederic Francois Chopin most.Born in 1810,he was one of the greatest composers of all time.
Chopin’s talent for music showed at an early age.He learnt music at six,
composed music at seven,and even gave public concerts at eight.By the time he was 20,the young musician had become a well-known composer.The following year Chopin moved to Paris,where he spent the rest of his life,earning a living as a composer and teacher.
Chopin,who has been called “the poet of the piano”,composed about 200 pieces of music or so throughout his life.As a great composer,he will be remembered by people forever.
1.Einstein was one of the leading (figure) in modern science.
2.You are brave and (courage),and you can make it.
3.He (gradual) lost his sight because of his illness.
4.Many species have died out as consequence of human activities.
5.He took his wife (gentle) by the arm and led her to a chair.
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
figures
courageous
gradually
a
gently
6.The little girl has a great passion collecting stamps.
7.He left to take a new position in another company.
8.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without help I wouldn’t have
made such rapid progress.
9.Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of was very
reasonable.
10.We shouldn’t have spent our money testing so many people,most of
are healthy.
for
up
whose
which
whom
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.综上所述,基于我刚才给出的理由,我认为我的计划更好。(sum up)
To sum up,for the reasons I have just given,I think my plan is better.
2.但他是在困难和复杂的情况下掌权的。(come to power)
But he came to power under difficult and complex circumstances.
3.他在一次事故中受了伤。结果,他只好待在家里。(as a consequence)
He was injured in an accident.As a consequence,he had to stay at home.
4.这位老人酷爱在湖边钓鱼。(have a passion for)
The old man has a passion for fishing by the lake.
5.他在邮局担任要职。(take up a position)
He takes up an important position in the post office.
6.他表现得像个孩子一样。(as if)
He acts as if he were a child.
7.据报道,该产品已投入使用。(it is reported that)
It is reported that the production has been put into use.
话题延伸·素养升华
阅读
A
Frank Woolworth was born in Rodman,New York,in 1852.His family were very poor farmers,and there was never enough to eat.Frank decided not to be a farmer.He took a short business course,and went to work as a salesman in a large city.
Woolworth realised he had a natural skill for showing goods to attract people’s interest,but he soon learnt something more important.
One day his boss told him to sell some odds and ends (小商品) for as much as he could get.Frank put all these things on one table with a sign which said“five cents each”.People fought and pushed to buy the things and the table was soon cleared.
Soon afterwards,Woolworth opened his own store,selling goods at five and ten cents.But he had another lesson to learn before he became successful.That is,if you want to make money by selling low-price goods,you have to buy them in large quantities directly from the factories.Once,for example,Woolworth went to Germany and placed an order (订单) for knives.The order was so large that the factory had to keep running 24 hours a day for a whole year.In this way,the price of the knives was cut down by half.
By 1919,Woolworth had over 1,000 stores in the US and Canada,and opened his first store in London.He made many millions and his name became famous throughout the world.He always ran his business according to strict rules.The most important one was:“The customer is always right.”
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要向我们介绍弗兰克·伍尔沃思商业理念以及他是怎么取得商业上的成功的。阅读本文有利于培养学生的辩证思维和追求梦想的品质。
1.Frank took a short business course in order to .
A.earn more money for his family
B.learn something from a salesman
C.get away from the farm
D.get enough to eat
答案及剖析:
1.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由第一段中的最后两句可知,伍尔沃思是为了离开农场,不当农民,才参加了一个短期的商业课程。故选C。
2.Frank sold the odds and ends quickly because .
A.he knew how to get people to buy his goods
B.he cut down the price by half
C.he had put the goods on a table in a very nice way
D.the sign he put on the table was well designed
答案及剖析:
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由第二段中的第一句可知,伍尔沃思有一种展示商品以吸引人们兴趣的天赋,即他知道怎么让人们购买他的东西,所以他很快就把那些小商品卖掉了。故选A。
3.The price of the knives was cut down by half because .
A.the factory workers worked 24 hours a day
B.knives were ordered in large quantities directly from the factory
C.the knives were made in Germany,where labour was cheap
D.the knives were produced in one factory
答案及剖析:
3.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由第三段可知,如果你想通过销售低价商品来赚钱,你必须直接从工厂大量购买。例如,有一次,伍尔沃思去了德国并下了刀具订单。此订单太大了,以至于工厂不得不一整年24小时不间断地运转。这样,刀的价格就降了一半。故选B。
4.The sentence “The customer is always right” in the last paragraph suggests that
.
A.whenever there is a quarrel between the customer and shop assistant,the
customer is always right
B.if you want to succeed,the rule is the only way
C.stores must always follow the customers’ orders if they want to make more money
D.stores should do their best to meet the customers’ needs if they want to be
successful
答案及剖析:
4.D 句意猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测句子含义的能力。通读全文可知,因为伍尔沃思知道怎么让人们购买他的东西,所以他很快就把零碎的东西卖掉了,说明他知道顾客的需求是什么。最后他成功了,结合最后一段中的最后两句可得出“The customer is always right”意为“顾客永远是对的”,也就是说,商店要想成功,就应该尽力满足顾客的需要。故选D。
B
A mother has taken her celebration (颂扬) of great women in history to the next level—by dressing her baby daughter up as some of the most famous women of all time.Jenelle Wexler,a hair stylist from Chicago,the USA,came up with the idea when she noticed similarities in appearance between her four-month-old baby,Liberty,and a Mexican artist Frida Kahlo.
Wexler took photos of Liberty who was dressed up as the Mexican artist.And after that,Wexler wanted to go on with what she did.“The pictures came out wonderfully,and soon after that,I thought about other women in history that contributed to the benefit of women and people as a whole,”she says.
Wexler takes the photos with her phone.Up until now,she has dressed Liberty up as a series of famous women.
Once she decides which woman she would like Liberty to play,she researches the person and learns about some of the historic achievements this woman has made.Wexler checks photos of each woman,which she then uses to design clothing and setting that will show their character and achievements.
It takes Wexler around 20 minutes to take each photo,and for every dress-up activity,Wexler usually takes nearly 50 pictures in total.“Liberty has acted 34 women of influence,”she says.She just wants to draw people’s attention to those who should really be admired in our society—there are so many great women who need to be remembered and have their stories told.
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了发型师Jenelle Wexler为了让人们知道有许多伟大的女性需要被铭记,把自己的孩子Liberty化妆成历史上有影响力的女性。阅读本文有利于培养学生积极向上的品质,并力争成为一个对社会进步有贡献的人。
5.What made Wexler dress Liberty up as Frida Kahlo
A.Frida Kahlo is popular among women.
B.Wexler admires Frida Kahlo very much.
C.Liberty and Frida Kahlo looked like each other.
D.Wexler wanted Liberty to be an artist like Frida Kahlo.
答案及剖析:
5.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段最后一句可知,因为Liberty和墨西哥艺术家 Frida Kahlo的相似,作为妈妈的Jenelle Wexler决定把自己的孩子Liberty打扮成Frida Kahlo。故选C。
6.What does the author want to do in Paragraph 4
A.Show how the dress-up activity goes on.
B.Offer some suggestions on picture-taking.
C.Value women’s contributions to the world.
D.Introduce some research on famous women.
答案及剖析:
6.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段内容可以推知,本段主要说明Wexler给Liberty做化妆人物的过程。故选A。
7.What do we know about Wexler
A.She enjoys taking photos to record life.
B.She devotes all her time to her daughter.
C.She works hard to protect the rights of women.
D.She puts lots of effort into the dress-up activity.
答案及剖析:
7.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段内容和最后一段的第一句可以推知,对于化妆活动,Wexler投入了很多的努力。故选D。
8.Why does Wexler dress her daughter up
A.To introduce some excellent women.
B.To advise people to take pictures of kids.
C.To call on people to remember famous women.
D.To choose proper role models for young people.
答案及剖析:
8.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段可知,她把自己的孩子Liberty化妆成那些有影响力的女性,是为了让人们知道有许多伟大的女性需要被铭记,号召人们记住著名的女性。故选C。
点击进入 核心素养提升Part 2 Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
1.主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物。
2.语篇类型:人物传记。
3.课文内容分析:
本文简要叙述了著名科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的一生,是一篇以青少年为目标读者的人物传记。先简要说明爱因斯坦的杰出成就和突出贡献,然后按时间顺序叙述了爱因斯坦的生平,最后着墨于爱因斯坦作为普通人的一面。阅读本文,有利于培养学生树立正确的人生观、价值观,并懂得普通人如果拥有梦想,坚持不懈地努力,脚踏实地地做好每件事,在自己平凡的岗位上为社会作出贡献,也能有其伟大之处。
答案:1.Introduction 2.Education background 3.Work and research 4.odd look and three anecdotes 5.death
1.While working there,out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(教材第8页)
工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他仍继续学习,于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
◆passion n.酷爱;激情;盛怒
He delivered a speech with great passion.
他满怀激情地发表了讲话。
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.(2020江苏卷,完形填空)
仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。
It was frightening how strong he could be when he was in a passion.
当他发怒时情绪会如此强烈,真是吓人。
His father got into a passion because the boy broke the expensive vase.
因为那个男孩打碎了昂贵的花瓶,他的父亲勃然大怒。
[备用例句]
He is very passionate about the project.
他对那个项目非常热心。
单句语法填空
①Politicians are usually (passion)about politics.
②My grandma has a passion gardening.
③All we need to do is to live each day passion.
完成句子
④他酷爱英国文学。
He British literature.
答案:①passionate ②for ③with ④has a passion for
2.Circumstances changed in 1933,when Hitler came to power in Germany.(教材第8页)
1933年,希特勒在德国上台,形势发生了变化。
◆come to power (开始)掌权;上台
He promised that once he came to power,he would set out to improve the living conditions.
他承诺说一旦他掌权,他就会着手改善生活条件。
The party has been in power for four years.
这个政党已经执政4年了。
You’re a powerful man—people will listen to you.
你是一个有影响力的人,人们将会听你的。
[备用例句]
①As is known to us,knowledge is power.
众所周知,知识就是力量。
②He has been in power for eight years.
他掌权已有8年了。
come to power表示动作,be in power表示状态,所以come to power不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,而be in power可以。
单句语法填空
①China is a country where the people are power.
②It’s out my power to understand how the computer works.
③Before he came power,he had once been in prison for years.
④At that moment the host’s (power) voice interrupted them,announcing a visitor.
答案:①in ②of ③to/into ④powerful
3.As a consequence,he had to flee Germany.(教材第8页)
因此,他不得不逃离德国。
(1)consequence n.结果;后果
I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空)
我不知道父母是否应该一直不计后果地讲真话。
He was ill as a consequence of overwork.
他因过度劳累而生病了。
[备用例句]
She was over the age limit and,in consequence,her application was rejected.
她超龄了,结果她的申请被拒绝了。
单句语法填空
①If climate changes continue,we will suffer the (consequence).
②I regret to tell you that he died as a consequence his serious injuries.
句型转换
③It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was cancelled.
→It rained yesterday and the match was cancelled.
④The city was in ruins as a result of a severe earthquake.
→The city was in ruins a severe earthquake.
答案:①consequences ②of ③as a consequence/result ④in consequence of
(2)flee vi.& vt.(fled,fled) 迅速离开;逃跑
She burst into tears and fled.
她突然哭了起来,跑开了。
He fled to London after an argument with his family.
他与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。
[备用例句]
①She turned round and fled from the terrible sight.
她转过身去,避开了这惨不忍睹的场面。
②All the teachers and students were managed to flee out when the earthquake happened.
地震发生时所有的老师和学生都成功逃出去了。
单句语法填空
①He tried to flee the bordering country when the war broke out.
②He spent six months in prison before (flee) from his country.
完成句子
③小偷在警察来之前四处逃窜。
The thieves before the police came.
答案:①to/into ②fleeing ③fled in all directions/every direction
4.After spending time in Europe,he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,USA.(教材第8页)
在欧洲度过一段时间后,他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究员一职。
◆take up a position 担任;任职
He has taken up an important position in this company.
他在这家公司担任要职。
[备用例句]
We took off at 11:00 am and arrived in Venice at 1:30 pm.
我们在上午11点起飞,下午1:30到达威尼斯。
写出下列各句中take up的含义
①That sofa takes up too much room in the flat.
②My father is not one to take up readily with new ideas.
③At the age of sixty he took up the study of Russian.
完成句子
④记者们用速记法记下讲话的内容。
The reporters the speech in shorthand.
答案:①占据 ②接受 ③开始从事 ④took down
5.Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.(教材第9页)
用你的笔记来写一个介绍,并总结你对这个人的看法。
◆sum up 总结;概括
Will you please sum up the main idea of this article
请你总结一下这篇文章的大意好吗
He is saving a sum of money to buy a house for his family.
他正在积攒一笔钱以便买一所房子供全家居住。
[备用例句]
①There are many reasons,which can be summed up in three points.
原因很多,归结起来不外三点。
②In sum,theory should be combined with practice.
总之,理论必须同实践相结合。
单句语法填空
①They presented a sum money to the college in memory of their son.
② sum,university students should not waste their time and energy doing business.
③Many people spoke at the meeting,and finally the chairman (sum) up the discussion.
翻译句子
④你能否总结本课的要点
答案:①of ②In ③summed ④Could you sum up the main points of the lesson
1.He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.(教材第8页)
他为世界作出了无数的贡献,最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。
◆“the most well-known being the general theory”为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。在“逻辑主语+现在分词”这种结构中,现在分词表示的动作与其逻辑主语是主动关系。该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和方式状语等。
The audience being present,the concert began.
观众到场后,音乐会开始了。(时间状语)
Many experts being present,I felt very nervous.
由于有很多专家出席,我感到很紧张。(原因状语)
[备用例句]
①Weather permitting,I’ll go to the park tomorrow.
天气允许的话,我明天会去公园。(条件状语)
②There being no one else to turn to,I had to come to you.
我没有其他可以求助的人,只能来找你。(原因状语)
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
②独立主格结构中的名词或代词与后面的动词-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
③在“名词+介词短语”的独立主格结构中,逻辑主语有无修饰语与介词短语中名词前有无修饰语必须保持一致。
The teacher came in,(a) bag under (his) arm.
老师进来了,腋下夹着一个包。
完成句子
①He was listening attentively in class, (眼睛紧盯着) at the blackboard.
②Many trees,flowers,and grass (种上后),our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
答案:①his eyes fixed ②to be planted
2.He had a thick moustache and long white hair,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(教材第8页)
他胡须浓密,头发又长又白,有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
◆句中as though “好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句,相当于as if引导方式状语从句。
Look at the clouds in the sky!It looks as if it is going to rain.Let’s hurry up.
看看天上的云彩!看起来要下雨了。咱们快一点。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if she were an angel.
她看上去像一位天使。
当从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语又包含动词be时,从句主语和谓语中的动词be通常可以省略。
完成句子
①她对待这个孤儿就好像他是自己的亲儿子一样。
She treats the orphan as if/though .
②那个小孩跟我们讲话时就像个成年人一样。
The child talks to us as if .
③他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。
He talked about Rome as if himself.
句型转换
④He shook his head as if he was to say “Don’t trust her”.
→He shook his head as if “Don’t trust her”.
答案:①he were her own son ②he were an adult ③he had been there ④to say
On 18 April 1955,it was reported that Einstein had passed away,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(教材第9页)
1955年4月18日,噩耗传来,爱因斯坦与世长辞,全世界都哀悼一代科学巨星的陨落。
◆本句是一个and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中,it是形式主语,后面的that从句是真正的主语。It was reported that...意为“据报道……”。
单句情境写作
1.2005年4月20日,据报道,超过17万人在这次海啸中丧生,南亚和东南亚的大部分地区被毁。
2.上周据宣布,科学家们已经将计算机科学引入这个问题,一个新的时代开始了。
3.昨天,据报道我们队赢得了冠军,我们的父母非常高兴。
答案:1.On 20 April 2005,it was reported that more than 170 thousand people had died in the tsunami,and large parts of South and Southeast Asia were destroyed.
2.Last week,it was announced that scientists had brought computer science to this problem,and a new era began.
3.Yesterday,it was reported that our team had won the championship,and our parents were so overjoyed.
Apart from his remarkable achievements,what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life (教材第9页)
除了他卓越的成就,关于爱因斯坦的生活,这篇文章告诉了我们什么
◆remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的
He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.
他在整个生病期间表现出非凡的忍耐力。
The area is remarkable for its scenery.
这一地区以风景著称。
[备用例句]
①This kind of watermelon is remarkable for its size.
这种西瓜以个头儿大著称。
②I wouldn’t like some of them to make a remark on my private affairs.
我不想让他们中的一些人议论我的私事。
单句语法填空
①It’s that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a (remark) character.
②He made a number of rude (remark) about the brilliant young musician’s performance.
③It’s rude to make remark on the appearance of other people.
答案:①remarkable ②remarks ③a
Introduce someone you admire
1.文本类型:介绍你钦佩的一个人,属于记叙文范畴。
2.要点内容:在介绍你钦佩的一个人时,要重点突出人物的三个方面,即:人物生平介绍、事迹叙述和简短的人物评价。生平介绍往往包括该人物的出生日期、出生地、家庭背景、教育背景。事迹叙述也是人物写作的重要部分,主要是写人物作出的贡献或者取得的成就。人物评价是对所描述的人物进行评价,评价须客观公正。
1.介绍人物的爱好特长。
be good at/do well in/be expert in/have a talent for/have a gift for/be qualified for/be fit for/have a good knowledge/command/of/with a great passion for ...
2.对人物的评价。
set a good example to us/a model teacher/worker/is respected by all/think highly of .../be honoured as
3.常用描写人物的形容词。
determined (坚决的)/warm-hearted(热心肠的)/easy-going(随和的)/energetic(精力充沛的)/generous(慷慨的)/intelligent(聪明的)/ambitious(有雄心的)/humourous(幽默的)/diligent (勤奋的)/attractive (有吸引力的)/patient (耐心的)/strict (严格的)/considerate(考虑周到的)/outstanding (杰出的)/optimistic(乐观的)/enthusiastic(热情的)/bad-tempered(脾气不好的)/reliable(可信赖的)/confident(自信的)/respectable(值得尊重的)
4.介绍人物常用句型。
●精彩首段
My favourite teacher is...a responsible teacher with over 20 years’ teaching experience.
我最喜欢的老师是……一位有20多年的教学经验,有责任心的老师。
Abraham Lincoln,the son of a poor family,was born in Kentucky on February 12,1809.
亚伯拉罕·林肯,一个贫苦家庭的儿子,于1809年2月12日生于肯塔基州。
She is an ordinary-looking girl,but her kindness and consideration impress me most.
她是一个相貌平平的女孩,但她的善良和体贴给我留下了最深刻的印象。
Born in Shanghai in 1980,Yao Ming is considered/honoured as one of the most outstanding basketball players in the world.
姚明1980年出生于上海,被认为是世界上最杰出的篮球运动员之一。
●正文描述
During her career life,she obtained 132 championships,including 4 Olympic championships.
在她的职业生涯中,她获得了132个冠军,包括4个奥运冠军。
When he was still a boy,he showed great interest in literature.
当他还是个孩子的时候,他对文学表现出了极大的兴趣。
Being optimistic and energetic,he often takes an active part in after-class activities.
他性格乐观,精力充沛,经常积极参加课外活动。
He went to college,during which he showed great interest in folk music.
他上了大学,在大学期间他对民间音乐表现出极大的兴趣。
Not only is he gifted at English but also he has a good command of French.
他不仅擅长英语,而且法语也很好。
●精彩结尾
He set a new world record in the competition,for which everyone thinks highly of him.
他在比赛中创造了一项新的世界纪录,为此每个人都对他评价很高。
He is still widely remembered for his skill,his kindness,and his deep love for his country.
他仍然以他的技能、善良和对祖国的热爱而被广泛铭记。
We regard him as our model.
我们把他作为我们的榜样。
请根据下面的提示写一篇英语短文,介绍你所崇拜的一位人物。主要包括以下内容:
姓名 李时珍
出生年份 1518年
著作 《本草纲目》(Compendium of Materia Medica)
内容 中草药总集,涵盖约1 892种中草药,上百万字
评价 对我国医学发展作出了重大贡献。受人们尊敬
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. adj.至关重要的;关键性的
2. adj.植物学的
3. vt.评价;评估
4. n.性质;特征;财产
5. vt.分析
6. adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
答案:1.crucial 2.botanical 3.evaluate
4.property 5.analyse 6.extraordinary
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
翻译句子
1.李时珍是我最钦佩的人。他是明朝最杰出的医学家之一。
2.从很小的时候,他就对植物学表现出了非凡的兴趣,对中草药有着极大的热情。
3.他走群山、访百姓,评估众多草药,分析它们的药学属性。
4.他花了27年的时间完成了《本草纲目》。
5.这本书是一本重要的中草药集。
6.该书包括约1 892种中草药,上百万字,被认为是对中医药发展的巨大贡献。
7.他作出了如此巨大的贡献,值得所有中国人尊敬。
答案:1.Li Shizhen is the person I admire most.He was one of the most remarkable medical scientists in Ming Dynasty.
2.From an early age,he showed an extraordinary botanical interest and had a passion for Chinese herbs.
3.He visited mountains,called on ordinary people,evaluated numerous herbs and analysed their medical properties.
4.It took him 27 years to finish Compendium of Materia Medica.
5.The book is a crucial collection of Chinese herbs.
6.The book includes about 1,892 kinds of Chinese herbs with millions of characters and it is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine.
7.He has made so great contributions that he deserves the respect of all the Chinese.
1.用定语从句升级第1句。
2.用同位语从句升级第4句和第5句,使之简洁。
3.用现在分词作状语升级第6句。
4.用介词短语Due to作状语升级第7句。
答案:1.Li Shizhen is the person I admire most,who was one of the most remarkable medical scientists in Ming Dynasty.
2.It took him 27 years to finish Compendium of Materia Medica,a crucial collection of Chinese herbs.
3.Including about 1,892 kinds of Chinese herbs with millions of characters,the book is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine.
4.Due to his great contributions,he deserves the respect of all the Chinese.
Li Shizhen is the person I admire most,who was one of the most remarkable medical scientists in Ming Dynasty.
Li Shizhen was born in 1518.From an early age,he showed an extraordinary botanical interest and had a passion for Chinese herbs.He visited mountains,called on ordinary people,evaluated numerous herbs and analysed their medical properties.It took him 27 years to finish Compendium of Materia Medica,a crucial collection of Chinese herbs.Including about 1,892 kinds of Chinese herbs with millions of characters,the book is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine.
Due to his great contributions,he deserves the respect of all the Chinese.
请根据下面的提示写一篇英语短文,介绍你所崇拜的一位人物:著名音乐家弗雷德里克·弗朗索瓦·肖邦(Frederic Francois Chopin)。短文主要包括以下内容:
生卒年份 1810～1849
生平简介 1.6岁学习音乐,7岁作曲,8岁公开演出,20岁已是颇有名气的作曲家 2.21岁移居巴黎,以作曲和教学为生
成就及 评价 1.一生创作了约二百部作品 2.被誉为“钢琴诗人”
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
One possible version:
The Great Composer Chopin
Of all the people I know,I admire Frederic Francois Chopin most.Born in 1810,he was one of the greatest composers of all time.
Chopin’s talent for music showed at an early age.He learnt music at six,composed music at seven,and even gave public concerts at eight.By the time he was 20,the young musician had become a well-known composer.The following year Chopin moved to Paris,where he spent the rest of his life,earning a living as a composer and teacher.
Chopin,who has been called “the poet of the piano”,composed about 200 pieces of music or so throughout his life.As a great composer,he will be remembered by people forever.
课时作业(二) UNIT 1 Part 2
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Einstein was one of the leading (figure) in modern science.
2.You are brave and (courage),and you can make it.
3.He (gradual) lost his sight because of his illness.
4.Many species have died out as consequence of human activities.
5.He took his wife (gentle) by the arm and led her to a chair.
6.The little girl has a great passion collecting stamps.
7.He left to take a new position in another company.
8.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without help I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.
9.Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of was very reasonable.
10.We shouldn’t have spent our money testing so many people,most of are healthy.
答案:1.figures 2.courageous 3.gradually
4.a 5.gently 6.for 7.up 8.whose 9.which 10.whom
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.综上所述,基于我刚才给出的理由,我认为我的计划更好。(sum up)
2.但他是在困难和复杂的情况下掌权的。(come to power)
3.他在一次事故中受了伤。结果,他只好待在家里。(as a consequence)
4.这位老人酷爱在湖边钓鱼。(have a passion for)
5.他在邮局担任要职。(take up a position)
6.他表现得像个孩子一样。(as if)
7.据报道,该产品已投入使用。(it is reported that)
答案:1.To sum up,for the reasons I have just given,I think my plan is better.
2.But he came to power under difficult and complex circumstances.
3.He was injured in an accident.As a consequence,he had to stay at home.
4.The old man has a passion for fishing by the lake.
5.He takes up an important position in the post office.
6.He acts as if he were a child.
7.It is reported that the production has been put into use.
阅读
A
Frank Woolworth was born in Rodman,New York,in 1852.His family were very poor farmers,and there was never enough to eat.Frank decided not to be a farmer.He took a short business course,and went to work as a salesman in a large city.
Woolworth realised he had a natural skill for showing goods to attract people’s interest,but he soon learnt something more important.One day his boss told him to sell some odds and ends (小商品) for as much as he could get.Frank put all these things on one table with a sign which said“five cents each”.People fought and pushed to buy the things and the table was soon cleared.
Soon afterwards,Woolworth opened his own store,selling goods at five and ten cents.But he had another lesson to learn before he became successful.That is,if you want to make money by selling low-price goods,you have to buy them in large quantities directly from the factories.Once,for example,Woolworth went to Germany and placed an order (订单) for knives.The order was so large that the factory had to keep running 24 hours a day for a whole year.In this way,the price of the knives was cut down by half.
By 1919,Woolworth had over 1,000 stores in the US and Canada,and opened his first store in London.He made many millions and his name became famous throughout the world.He always ran his business according to strict rules.The most important one was:“The customer is always right.”
1.Frank took a short business course in order to .
A.earn more money for his family
B.learn something from a salesman
C.get away from the farm
D.get enough to eat
2.Frank sold the odds and ends quickly because .
A.he knew how to get people to buy his goods
B.he cut down the price by half
C.he had put the goods on a table in a very nice way
D.the sign he put on the table was well designed
3.The price of the knives was cut down by half because .
A.the factory workers worked 24 hours a day
B.knives were ordered in large quantities directly from the factory
C.the knives were made in Germany,where labour was cheap
D.the knives were produced in one factory
4.The sentence “The customer is always right” in the last paragraph suggests that .
A.whenever there is a quarrel between the customer and shop assistant,the customer is always right
B.if you want to succeed,the rule is the only way
C.stores must always follow the customers’ orders if they want to make more money
D.stores should do their best to meet the customers’ needs if they want to be successful
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要向我们介绍弗兰克·伍尔沃思商业理念以及他是怎么取得商业上的成功的。阅读本文有利于培养学生的辩证思维和追求梦想的品质。
答案及剖析:
1.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由第一段中的最后两句可知,伍尔沃思是为了离开农场,不当农民,才参加了一个短期的商业课程。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由第二段中的第一句可知,伍尔沃思有一种展示商品以吸引人们兴趣的天赋,即他知道怎么让人们购买他的东西,所以他很快就把那些小商品卖掉了。故选A。
3.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由第三段可知,如果你想通过销售低价商品来赚钱,你必须直接从工厂大量购买。例如,有一次,伍尔沃思去了德国并下了刀具订单。此订单太大了,以至于工厂不得不一整年24小时不间断地运转。这样,刀的价格就降了一半。故选B。
4.D 句意猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测句子含义的能力。通读全文可知,因为伍尔沃思知道怎么让人们购买他的东西,所以他很快就把零碎的东西卖掉了,说明他知道顾客的需求是什么。最后他成功了,结合最后一段中的最后两句可得出“The customer is always right”意为“顾客永远是对的”,也就是说,商店要想成功,就应该尽力满足顾客的需要。故选D。
B
A mother has taken her celebration (颂扬) of great women in history to the next level—by dressing her baby daughter up as some of the most famous women of all time.Jenelle Wexler,a hair stylist from Chicago,the USA,came up with the idea when she noticed similarities in appearance between her four-month-old baby,Liberty,and a Mexican artist Frida Kahlo.
Wexler took photos of Liberty who was dressed up as the Mexican artist.And after that,Wexler wanted to go on with what she did.“The pictures came out wonderfully,and soon after that,I thought about other women in history that contributed to the benefit of women and people as a whole,”she says.
Wexler takes the photos with her phone.Up until now,she has dressed Liberty up as a series of famous women.
Once she decides which woman she would like Liberty to play,she researches the person and learns about some of the historic achievements this woman has made.Wexler checks photos of each woman,which she then uses to design clothing and setting that will show their character and achievements.
It takes Wexler around 20 minutes to take each photo,and for every dress-up activity,Wexler usually takes nearly 50 pictures in total.“Liberty has acted 34 women of influence,”she says.She just wants to draw people’s attention to those who should really be admired in our society—there are so many great women who need to be remembered and have their stories told.
5.What made Wexler dress Liberty up as Frida Kahlo
A.Frida Kahlo is popular among women.
B.Wexler admires Frida Kahlo very much.
C.Liberty and Frida Kahlo looked like each other.
D.Wexler wanted Liberty to be an artist like Frida Kahlo.
6.What does the author want to do in Paragraph 4
A.Show how the dress-up activity goes on.
B.Offer some suggestions on picture-taking.
C.Value women’s contributions to the world.
D.Introduce some research on famous women.
7.What do we know about Wexler
A.She enjoys taking photos to record life.
B.She devotes all her time to her daughter.
C.She works hard to protect the rights of women.
D.She puts lots of effort into the dress-up activity.
8.Why does Wexler dress her daughter up
A.To introduce some excellent women.
B.To advise people to take pictures of kids.
C.To call on people to remember famous women.
D.To choose proper role models for young people.
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了发型师Jenelle Wexler为了让人们知道有许多伟大的女性需要被铭记,把自己的孩子Liberty化妆成历史上有影响力的女性。阅读本文有利于培养学生积极向上的品质,并力争成为一个对社会进步有贡献的人。
答案及剖析:
5.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段最后一句可知,因为Liberty和墨西哥艺术家 Frida Kahlo的相似,作为妈妈的Jenelle Wexler决定把自己的孩子Liberty打扮成Frida Kahlo。故选C。
6.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段内容可以推知,本段主要说明Wexler给Liberty做化妆人物的过程。故选A。
7.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段内容和最后一段的第一句可以推知,对于化妆活动,Wexler投入了很多的努力。故选D。
8.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段可知,她把自己的孩子Liberty化妆成那些有影响力的女性,是为了让人们知道有许多伟大的女性需要被铭记,号召人们记住著名的女性。故选C。
核心素养提升(UNIT 1)
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
高考主播音频
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where did the woman go last night ( C )
A.To her office.
B.To a cinema.
C.To Betty’s house.
2.Why did the man return early ( A )
A.Because his mother didn’t feel well.
B.Because he hadn’t planned the trip well.
C.Because he was ill during his trip.
3.What does the man ask the woman to buy ( B )
A.Bread and eggs.
B.Eggs and orange juice.
C.Apples and bread.
4.What is the woman doing ( C )
A.Checking in.
B.Doing cleaning.
C.Making a complaint.
5.How can the man get phone numbers when he is in New York ( C )
A.By phoning 114.
B.By asking his father.
C.By referring to the local phone book.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Who does the woman think should do the decorating ( C )
A.Klara and Antonio.
B.Professionals.
C.The man.
7.What does the man think of professionals ( B )
A.They cost too much.
B.They are efficient.
C.They can stand the mess.
听第7段材料,回答第8～10题。
8.What is the probable relationship between the speakers ( A )
A.Colleagues.
B.Clerk and client.
C.Doctor and patient.
9.When will Mr.Sharpe’s daughter have an operation ( C )
A.This afternoon.
B.Tomorrow morning.
C.Tomorrow afternoon.
10.What does the woman suggest the man do ( B )
A.Visit Mr.Sharpe’s daughter in the hospital.
B.Finish the meeting with Mr.Sharpe earlier.
C.Ask Mr.Sharpe if he needs any help.
听第8段材料,回答第11～13题。
11.What is people’s third top fear ( C )
A.Death.
B.Divorce.
C.Giving a presentation.
12.How did the woman in the front row feel about the man’s words ( B )
A.Pleased.
B.Angry.
C.Embarrassed.
13.What did the man think caused the trouble ( B )
A.He didn’t provide good products.
B.He didn’t know about American culture.
C.He didn’t have a correct attitude toward women.
听第9段材料,回答第14～16题。
14.What is in the family room ( A )
A.A TV set and a VCR.
B.A microwave and a fridge.
C.A DVD player and a stove.
15.Who cuts the grass once a week ( A )
A.Mr.Jones. B.Mrs.Jones. C.The man.
16.When is the house available ( B )
A.From the beginning of June.
B.From the middle of June.
C.From the end of June.
听第10段材料,回答第17～20题。
17.When was the survey published ( A )
A.Yesterday.
B.The day before yesterday.
C.Last week.
18.On what are the prices based in the survey ( C )
A.Wages in different jobs.
B.Living expenses in capitals.
C.The cost of the same basket of shopping.
19.Which country has the highest price according to the survey ( A )
A.Denmark.
B.Sweden.
C.France.
20.What do we know about Poland ( A )
A.It has lower wages.
B.It is a Scandinavian country.
C.The standard of living there is high.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
M:Did you go to the movies last night
W:I had planned to go there after work,but Betty insisted on inviting me to her place.
(Text 2)
W:Peter,why did you get back from Japan so early Your vacation ends next Wednesday.
M:Yes,it’s a pity.I had planned to stay a little longer,but my mother fell ill suddenly.
(Text 3)
W:Do you need anything from the grocery store
M:Yes,please.A bottle of orange juice and some apples.
W:Anything else Do we need bread
M:No,but can you get some eggs as well
(Text 4)
M:Hello,reception,can I help you
W:Hi,I just got back from a meeting and my room is a mess.
M:I’m so sorry,madam.I’ll send someone up right away.
(Text 5)
M:My father is going to take me to New York.What should I do if I want to get
someone’s phone number
W:Well,look in the local phone book,or call the operator at 411.
第二节
(Text 6)
W:If you ask me,it’s better to do the decorating yourself than to hire someone.
M:I don’t agree.Professionals earn their money.They know what they’re doing and they do the job quickly and well.
W:But they cost so much.Ordinary people prefer to decorate themselves to save money.
M:Yes,they start and never finish and they put up with all that mess.
W:Even Klara puts up with the mess.
M:Oh no,she doesn’t.She and Antonio stay in a hotel until the job is done!
(Text 7)
W:George,could I have a word with you,please
M:Yes,certainly.What’s up
W:It’s about your meeting with Mr.Sharpe tomorrow morning.I’ve just spoken to his secretary on the phone.She’s a friend of mine and she told me that his
daughter’s in hospital and she’s going to have an operation tomorrow afternoon.
M:Nothing serious,I hope.
W:I’m not sure but I don’t think it’s routine.Obviously,he’ll be rather worried,so it might be best if you made it a short meeting.He’s a good client,so bear in mind his situation,please.
M:Yes,I’ll do that.Thank you for reminding me!
W:Not at all.Oh,by the way,don’t say anything unless he mentions it because
we’re not supposed to know.
M:Fine.You can count on me.
(Text 8)
M:Do you know that making a presentation is third only to death and divorce on a list of people’s top fears
W:Really
M:I can understand that.I had a terrible time in the US once.I was giving a product presentation to a large group of buyers in San Francisco.And I just said “my beautiful assistant Terasa will take your orders at the end of my talk.”And the woman in the front row said“She is beautiful ” and she also said that I was a pig and there was no way she would buy anything from my company.So of course some other women said the same as her.Well,of course I should have known that it would cause trouble saying something like this in the USA.
W:Yeah,you have to be really careful.
(Text 9)
M:This is the kitchen.It has a stove,a fridge,and a double sink.
W:Is there a microwave
M:No,I’m afraid there isn’t.And this is the family room.It has a widescreen TV and a stereo.
W:Is there a DVD player
M:No,but there’s a VCR.The rubbish is picked up once a week.There’s a lady who comes in to clean.Her name’s Mrs.Jones.And the grass is cut once a week by her husband.
W:Is the house available from the beginning of June
M:I’m afraid not.It’s available from June the 15th.
(Text 10)
M:Good afternoon everyone.Welcome to another edition of Europe Today.Today I’ll talk about a survey that was done recently.A survey by the European Union of the standard of living in various member countries was published yesterday.This major study investigated prices and wages.
First,let’s see prices.They are based on the cost of the same basket of shopping in various European cities.These cities are not necessarily the capitals,but cities which represent the business and financial centers of each country.The most expensive places seem to be in Scandinavia,with Denmark coming top,followed by Sweden.France is not far behind.The cheaper places are in the new member states with Poland coming near the bottom of the table.
Now,let’s see wages.The results were calculated from wages and hours in twelve different jobs.Again,a Scandinavian country was top of the table,the highest wages being paid in Denmark,followed by Germany.Lower wages,again,were in the new member states,with Poland coming at the bottom of the table.Well,that’s all for
today’s program.See you tomorrow at the same time.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Scholastic Art:What is your job
Jayson Fann:I build human-sized nests all over the world.
SA:Can people sit in your nests
JF:Yes!People have dinner parties in my nests.They read and relax in them.Some of my nests even have several rooms.My nests are even used as hotel rooms.
SA:How do you make a nest
JF:First,I make a design for the nest.Then I review the design with my client (客户).After the design is final,I collect wood and work with a team to build it.
SA:What do you use to make your nests
JF:I use eucalyptus (桉树) wood, which is soft and easy to bend when it is young and freshly cut.But when it dries,it becomes extremely hard.So it holds its shape and can support weight.But the structure’s strength also comes from the
engineering—how I weave the wood,and how I join major sections by bolting (用螺栓固定) them together.
SA:What makes a great nest design
JF:Placement is important.The lines of the branches (树枝) create movement and energy,resulting in a cleaner,simpler background—such as smooth stone or the sky—which really fits the nest.For me,it’s all about balance.
SA:What skills do you need for your job
JF:You have to be able to draw and use different artistic tools.But you also have to know how to speak to people—your clients and the people who work for you.
SA:What inspires you
JF:I love to see how other artists,like Andy Goldsworthy,take common and natural materials and make something special with them.
SA:What is the best part of your job
JF:I get to be creative in a way that doesn’t harm the environment!
21.Jayson Fann’s nests are .
A.used for different purposes
B.completely made of wood
C.usually built at his home
D.just used for exhibition
22.When Jayson Fann makes a nest,he usually .
A.builds it on his own
B.places it on a eucalyptus tree
C.asks his client to design it first
D.takes its surroundings into consideration
23.Jayson Fann is actually .
A.an animal lover
B.a fashion designer
C.a famous engineer
D.an environmental artist
语篇导读:本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了环境艺术家Jayson Fann接受采访一事的相关内容。阅读本文有利于拓宽学生视野,培养学生的创新精神。
答案及剖析:
21.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章中的“JF:Yes!
People have dinner parties...even used as hotel rooms.”可知,Jayson Fann在世界各地建造的“鸟巢”用途广泛,人们可以坐在里面吃饭、休息,甚至有些“鸟巢”被当作宾馆房间。故选A。
22.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文中Jayson Fann说的“Placement is important.The lines of...simpler background”可知,在建造“鸟巢”时, Jayson Fann会考虑其周围的环境,目的就是让“鸟巢”与它所处的环境相宜。故选D。
23.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据 Jayson Fann对他工作的描述——从环保的角度利用天然材料建造与周围环境相宜的艺术作品,由此推测,他应该是一位环境艺术家。故选D。
B
Free Haircuts on a Red Chair
Last summer,Katie Steller was on her way to work.She stopped at a traffic light,where a man,in his 60s,looking out of luck,was sitting alone.She rolled down her window.
“Hey!” she shouted.“I’m driving around giving free haircuts.Do you want one right now ”
The man,missing a few teeth,paused and laughed.“Actually,” he said,“I have a funeral (葬礼) to go to this week.I was really hoping to get a haircut.”
Then,Steller unloaded a red chair from the car.The man,named Edward,took a seat.As Steller was cutting his curly graying hair,he told her about growing up in Mississippi,about moving to Minnesota,and how he still talked to his mom over phone every day.
To date,Steller has given 30 or so such haircuts to people around the city.They are all living on the margins,and she is aware of the power of her work.
“It’s more than a haircut,” she says.“I want it to be a gateway,to show value and respect,but also to get to know people.”
Steller knows that a haircut can change a life.One changed hers: As a teen,she suffered from ulcerative colitis (溃疡性结肠炎) that was so serious,her hair thinned severely.Seeing this,her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut.
“To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness,it helped me feel cared about and less alone,” she says.
After that,Steller knew she wanted to have her own hair salon so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day.Not long after finishing cosmetology school (美容学校) in 2016,she realised her dream.Two years later,she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project,reaching out to people on the streets.
Steller said,“I can’t fix their problems,but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.” Steller listens to people’s stories of loss,addiction,and struggle to get back on their feet.
An offshoot of the Red Chair Project is the Steller Kindness Project,in which people who commit acts of kindness are invited for a free makeover (美容) at
Steller’s salon.In exchange,they tell their stories,which Steller shares on her website.Her hope is that by reading about kind acts,others will be inspired to do their own.
So far,it’s working.“You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give to them,”says Steller.
24.Edward agreed to have a haircut by Steller because .
A.he wanted to talk with Steller about his life
B.he wanted to look good for a special occasion
C.he was too old to go to a hair salon by himself
D.he was just waiting for a free haircut on the street
25.In Paragraph 5,the underlined words “living on the margins”can probably be replaced by .
A.living with little care and attention
B.living far from downtown areas
C.living with serious illnesses
D.living in untidy conditions
26.What made Steller want to set up her own salon
A.Her excellent haircut skills.
B.Her mother’s encouragement.
C.Her experience of a formal haircut.
D.Her dream to offer people free haircuts.
27.What’s the purpose of Steller Kindness Project
A.To make contributions to charity.
B.To encourage people to spread kindness.
C.To reward kind people with free makeovers.
D.To collect moving stories for Steller’s website.
语篇导读:这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Katie Steller走上街头为人们免费理发,让他们感觉没有那么孤独。阅读本文有利于培养学生正确的人生观,塑造学生优秀的人格和品质。
答案及剖析:
24.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的最后两句可知,Edward答应Steller提供的免费理发,是因为他想让自己在一个特殊的场合看起来好一点。故选B。
25.A 短语猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测短语含义的能力。根据第一段对Edward的描述“was sitting alone”及第六段中Steller 说的话“I want it to be a gateway,to show value and respect”可知,Steller是为那些缺少关爱和尊重的人免费理发,所以短语“living on the margins”意为“缺乏关爱和关注地生活”。故选A。
26.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章内容可知,
Steller得了溃疡性结肠炎后,头发变得稀少,所以妈妈给她安排了一次专业的理发,那次理发经历让她感觉到被关爱,不那么孤独了,再结合倒数第四段中的“After that,Steller knew she wanted...people feel the way she’d felt that day.”可知,是Steller自己的一次正式理发经历让她想开自己的理发店。故选C。
27.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,Steller Kindness Project的目的是鼓励人们传播善意。故选B。
C
How would you feel about celebrity (名人) deaths Despite this person being a perfect stranger,it can feel kind of like you’ve lost an acquaintance or even a friend,when a beloved celebrity dies.It’s not quite the same,of course.You have no memories of times you hung out,or no cards they sent you.Instead,it’s a different kind of grief (悲痛),one marked by big screens crowded stadiums,and a unique feeling of love and admiration you’ve probably never felt for someone you actually know.
If you’ve ever cried or felt sad for days about a celebrity’s death,
you’re certainly not alone.According to expert Rachel O’Neill,feeling grief after a celebrity’s death is common because we form personal attachments to celebrities.“Celebrities’ presence is felt in our lives,”she says.“Maybe they represented an ideal,something you hoped that you could be.Or perhaps the celebrity held a particular important memory in your life—for example,they starred in a TV show that you watched growing up.In those cases,the death can feel like a loss of that particular part of your past.”
It can also be more than a connection to your past,but a joyful part of your everyday life,according to therapist Cynthia Catchings.“Celebrities may provide us with laughs,comfort entertainment,excitement,or sense of escape.When a celebrity we feel connected to passes away,it can feel like losing someone close to us because they may have been integral in some of our happiest or saddest moments,”Catchings says.“They made us laugh,they made us cry,but most importantly,they helped us forget about our difficult moments when we needed it most.”
Still,it can feel strange to grieve someone you didn’t actually know.But both O’Neill and Catchings agree that it’s a totally normal way to feel for any number of reasons—the most understandable of which is that death is just sad.
It doesn’t matter that you didn’t know the celebrity in person.If you’re experiencing grief,O’Neill says,it’s important to give yourself space to feel it.“Remembering the celebrity in whatever way you feel will be helpful,”she says.“Some people find comfort in sharing their memories on social media and connecting with other users who are also experiencing grief and loss.”
The more we feel,the more we grow,however painful.That’s why medical officer Neeraj Gandotra says you should use your grief over a celebrity to prepare you for grief you might feel down the road.“Use the feelings of loss as an opportunity to have a more academic discussion about what happens when someone dies,”he said.“This discussion can help prepare one for when someone close to them dies.The topic is healthy and a great opportunity to find areas where you could improve,and even change the direction of your life for the better.”
28.What does O’Neill think of feeling grief over a celebrity’s death
A.It can bring back painful memories.
B.It is very natural for people to do so.
C.It makes ordinary people suffer stress.
D.It improves interpersonal relationships.
29.What does the underlined word “integral” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Interesting. B.Attractive.
C.Important. D.Normal.
30.What does Neeraj Gandotra advise people to do
A.To understand the pain of growing up.
B.To make good use of the sense of grief.
C.To adopt a positive attitude towards life.
D.To try to seek some comfort in daily life.
31.What does the text mainly talk about
A.The important roles celebrities play in life.
B.The effect of a celebrity’s death on people.
C.How people should deal with their sadness.
D.Why people grieve the deaths of celebrities.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了一种普遍的现象——我们对于名人的去世会感到悲伤以及这种现象的原因,并通过专家给我们的建议来表明我们应该怎样面对和利用这种悲伤。阅读本文有利于使学生正确看待这一现象。
答案及剖析:
28.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段第二句可知,
Rachel O’Neill认为,人们对于名人的去世感到悲伤是很普遍的,很正常的。故选B。
29.C 词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据第三段中“When a celebrity we feel connected...they helped us forget about our difficult moments when we needed it most.”可知,名人陪我们度过了生活中欢笑、痛苦的时刻,帮助我们忘记痛苦,失去他们,我们像失去了亲密的人。结合选项,名人在我们生活中的这些快乐和悲伤的时刻是“重要的”。故选C。
30.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段前两句可知,Neeraj Gandotra建议人们应该好好利用这种悲伤的感觉。故选B。
31.D 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。文章开头给我们介绍了因为名人去世而悲伤这一现象,接下来的段落分别给我们介绍了悲伤的原因:他们代表着理想;他们不仅和我们的过去有关,还和我们的日常生活关系密切;不仅陪我们欢笑,也在痛苦中给我们安慰。当然,我们可以合理地利用这种悲伤,为我们以后遇到的悲伤做准备,也帮助我们成长。所以,这篇文章主要就是这种围绕对名人去世感到悲伤的现象的原因展开的。故选D。
D
A 15-year-old Colorado high school student and young scientist who has used artificial intelligence(AI) and created apps to address polluted drinking water,drug addiction and other social problems has been named Time Magazine’s first-ever “Kid of the Year”.
Rao told The Associated Press in an interview from her home that the prize is “nothing that I could have ever imagined.And I’m so grateful and just so excited that we’re really taking a look at the upcoming generation and our generation,since the future is in our hands.”
Time said Rao stood out for creating a global community of young innovators and inspiring them to pursue their goals.Rao insisted that starting out small
doesn’t matter,as long as you’re passionate about it.
She told Time contributing editor Angelina Jolie in an interview that her science pursuits started early as a way to improve social conditions.The drinking water crisis in Flint,Michigan,inspired her work to develop a way to detect pollutants and send those results to a mobile phone.
“I was like 10 when I told my parents that I wanted to research carbon nanotube(纳米管) sensor technology at the Denver Water quality research lab,and my mum was like,A what ” Rao told Jolie.She said that work is going to be in our generation’s hands pretty soon.“So if no one else is gonna do it,I’m gonna do it.”
In a world where science is increasingly questioned or challenged,Rao insisted that its pursuit is an act of kindness,the best way that a younger generation can better the world.
“We have science in everything we’re involved in,and I think that’s the biggest thing to put out there,that science is cool,innovating is cool,and anybody can be an innovator,” Rao said.“Anybody can do science.”
32.What did Rao think of the award she received
A.It was a mark of social progress.
B.It was a recognition of her work.
C.It was an inspiration to the youth.
D.It was a title beyond her expectation.
33.Why would Rao start to pursue science
A.To encourage people to aim high.
B.To pursue her passion for research.
C.To change the society for the better.
D.To stop science from being questioned.
34.Which word can best describe Rao
A.Cool. B.Kind.
C.Independent. D.Creative.
35.What’s the purpose of the text
A.To report a young genius.
B.To introduce new inventions.
C.To improve social conditions.
D.To present artificial intelligence.
语篇导读:本文为一篇新闻报道,介绍了15岁的Rao被《时代》杂志评为第一个“年度风云儿童”。阅读本文有利于培养学生对科学的热爱,并塑造自己成为具有优秀品质的人。
答案及剖析:
32.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第二段中的“the prize is ‘nothing that I could have ever imagined...’”可知,Rao从未觉得自己可以得奖,这远远超出了她的预期。故选D。
33.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第四段中的“She told Time contributing editor...way to improve social conditions.”可知,Rao追求科学是为了改善社会条件,即让社会变得更好。故选C。
34.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章最后一段中的 “We have science in everything...anybody can be an innovator.”以及文章第一段的“created apps”可知,Rao热爱创新并且追求创新。由此推知,她是一个非常有创造力的人。故选D。
35.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第一段可知,近日,美国科罗拉多州一名15岁的高中生同时又是位年轻的科学家,被《时代》杂志评为第一个“年度风云儿童”。她使用人工智能 (AI) 技术,创建了应用程序来解决饮用水污染、吸毒成瘾和其他社会问题。由此可知,本文主要介绍了年仅15岁的“年度风云儿童”Rao以及她作出的贡献。短文报道了一个年轻的天才。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Choose Your Purpose-Filled Career
When you think about choosing a career,you often do it in the following two ways.
36. .If you like writing or doing crafts,you might consider these things.This is not a bad way to go,of course,but you can’t always make money doing things you like(like video games or drinking beer).And sometimes things you like are better as a hobby or side passion.
Think about a well-paid job that you can do and doesn’t sound so bad.Maybe a doctor,engineer or lawyer Or maybe that’s out of your educational reach,so you choose office or retail worker.37. ,but often they are not something
you’re really passionate about.It’s kind of like just doing something because
it’s there—not very inspired.
However,there’s another way that is perhaps better:38. .For example,taking care of children,because you really want to help children get a great start in life,or blossom into who they want to be or getting into government or social work to improve the conditions of the community you live in or becoming a scientist to help ease the environmental crisis or find a cure for a terrible disease.
39. ,and if you choose one of them for that purpose,you will serve in that work feeling a sense of purpose each day.
There are endless ways to do that.The point isn’t how you serve the world,but just serving the world in some way will help you feel filled with purpose.
40. .
A.These are all great choices
B.Think about what you like to do
C.You can identify your purpose and work out how to get there
D.Each of these is just one of many possibilities filled with purpose
E.Try to do something to serve a community or make the world better
F.The sooner you complete the training requirements,the sooner you will make a living
G.If you choose a purposeful and enjoyable job,you’re always further along than most people
语篇导读:这是一篇说明文。文章介绍如何选择让你有目标感的职业。阅读本文有利于培养学生的职业规划意识和努力拼搏的精神。
答案及剖析:
36.B 考查学生理解段落主题句与段内句间衔接关系的能力。上文“When you think about choosing a career,you often do it in the following two ways.”说明接下来将会分别介绍两种选择职业的方法。下文“If you like writing or doing crafts,you might consider these things.”说明可以把自己喜欢做的事当成职业。B项能够概括本段的内容。故选B。
37.A 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。上文“Maybe a doctor,engineer...or retail worker.”介绍了一些可能的职业选择。下文“but often they are not something you’re really passionate about”表示转折,说明空处讲的是对这些职业的总结和概括。A项承接上文且与下文为转折关系,符合语境。故选A。
38.E 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。上文“However,there’s another way that is perhaps better”说明接下来要讲另一种选择职业的办法。下文“For example,taking care of children,because you really...find a cure for a terrible disease.”列举了一些更有意义的职业选择。E项承上启下,符合语境。故选E。
39.D 考查学生对前后逻辑信息的判断能力。下文“and if you choose one of them...each day”说明有目标地选择职业的好处。D项中的purpose和下文中that purpose相呼应,说明选择这些职业就会充满目标感,引出下文。故选D。
40.G 考查学生对前后逻辑信息的判断能力。上文“The point isn’t how...purpose.”说明选择一些有意义的工作会带给你目标感。G项进一步说明选择一份让你有目标感的工作带给你的意义,承接上文,符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2014,the Varkey Foundation established the Global Teacher Prize.It is to reawaken the world’s 41 and importance of teachers.
This Year’s Prize 42 to Disale,a primary school teacher from India.Shortly after the 43 in London,Disale announced that he intended to 44 half of the prize money with the other nine co-finalists.He wanted them to 45 and lighten the lives of more students.
Back in 2007,Disale had to enroll (加入) in a teacher-training program 46 after being refused by an engineering university of his choice.However,he soon realised the impact educators could make on 47 lives.After graduating,he accepted a 48 in a tiny village.The school building was far from satisfactory.What’s worse,the villagers 49 education,especially for girls.Even the courses were not written in the native language,Kannada.
Disale stepped up to the 50 by first learning Kannada himself and then translating all the textbooks into the native language.He even organised after-school “Edutainment” activities to awaken the students’ 51 .
His 52 have paid off and extended (延伸) beyond his tiny village.Today,his tiny school has 53 100 percent attendance from girls.His project,Let’s Cross the Borders,is designed to build 54 between young people in conflict zones.
Given his commitment,it is 55 that he has received the prize.
41.A.imagination B.appreciation
C.delight D.discussion
42.A.went B.appealed
C.turned D.tended
43.A.calculation B.visit
C.ceremony D.arrangement
44.A.exchange B.spend
C.share D.save
45.A.stand out B.show up
C.come up D.reach out
46.A.particularly B.happily
C.unwisely D.unwillingly
47.A.young B.fragile
C.lonely D.common
48.A.title B.position
C.reward D.promotion
49.A.doubted B.chose
C.assessed D.balanced
50.A.challenge B.fame
C.standard D.danger
51.A.memory B.curiosity
C.tolerance D.sympathy
52.A.skills B.ambitions
C.bets D.efforts
53.A.required B.forced
C.achieved D.supported
54.A.courage B.peace
C.truth D.mercy
55.A.surprising B.legal
C.interesting D.natural
语篇导读:本文为一篇记叙文。今年全球教师奖颁给了印度乡村教师Disale,他为乡村教育事业作出了巨大贡献。阅读本文有利于培养学生的社会责任感和使命担当的意识。
[文章脉络]
答案及剖析:
41.B 根据“and importance of teachers”可知,设立全球教师奖的目的是唤起全世界对教师的感激和重视。
42.A 根据“Disale announced that he intended to 44 half of the prize money with the other nine co-finalists”可知,今年的全球教师奖奖项授予给了Disale。
43.C 根据“This Year’s Prize 42 to Disale,a primary school teacher from India.”可知,Disale在颁奖典礼后宣布分享他的奖金。
44.C 根据“He wanted them to 45 and lighten the lives of more students.”可知,Disale宣布分享自己奖金的一半。
45.D 根据“and lighten the lives of more students”可知,他希望其他9位决赛选手能够伸出援手帮助更多的学生。
46.D 根据“after being refused by an engineering university of his choice”可知,Disale是申请被拒绝之后,才不情愿地参加教师培训项目的。
47.A 根据“He wanted them to 45 and lighten the lives of more students.”可知,学生大多数都是年轻人,所以是教育工作者对年轻人的影响。
48.B 根据“The school building was far from satisfactory.”可知,Disale接受了一个小村庄的学校的工作。
49.A 根据“especially for girls”和“Even the courses were not written in the native language,Kannada.”可知,当地人怀疑当时的教育。
50.A 根据“by first learning Kannada himself and then translating all the textbooks into the native language”可知,Disale开始接受各种挑战。
51.B 根据“He even organised after-school ‘Edutainment’ activities”可知,Disale组织课外“寓教于乐”活动的目的是激发学生的好奇心。
52.D 根据“and extended (延伸) beyond his tiny village”可知,Disale的努力得到了回报。
53.C 根据“What’s worse,the villagers 49 education,especially for girls.”可知,与上文对照,现在的女生出勤率达到了100%。
54.B 根据“between young people in conflict zones”可知,Disale的“让我们跨越边界”项目在于在冲突地区的年轻人之间建立和平。
55.D 根据“Given his commitment”可知,Disale获奖是很自然的。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Bigger isn’t always better.People who are doubtful about this argument just need to look at smartphones and personal computers,which have served 56. the technological driving force behind the social development of the past century.It is the continual shrinkage (缩小) of components that has caused the explosion of computing power and 57. (enable) these gadgets (小工具) to be accessible to people across the world.
58. (inspire) by this,researchers and scientists have been working on areas 59. making things small may mean big results.And this year,the Nobel Prize has broken the tradition of celebrating big by presenting the biggest prizes to discoveries on the 60. (small) scales.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 61. (award) to a cellular-level (细胞水平) experiment.The committee gave the award to Yoshinori Ohsumi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology,for his research on “autophagy”,
62. “self-eating” process seen in cells.
What’s more,in recognition of their working on the strange properties of matter in extreme states and 63. (take) their research all the way down to an atomic scale,the Nobel Prize for physics went to three British-born scientists who
64. (current) work in the US.
Another exceptional new field is that of nano-technology.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to a scientist 65. managed to build the world’s tiniest machines out of molecules.Small though the subjects are,the benefits of the scientists’ research are set to be huge.More importantly,their invention may even eventually be turned into products that benefit mankind.
语篇导读:本文为一篇说明文。更大并不总是更好。今年的诺贝尔奖就颁发给了最小尺度上的发现。阅读本文有利于培养学生的探究和科研精神。
答案及剖析:
56.as 考查介词。固定短语:serve as意为“充当;担任”。故填as。
57.enabled 考查时态。该句是一个强调主语的强调句型,谓语动词是现在完成时,所给动词enable与caused为并列谓语,共用一个助动词has。故填enabled。
58.Inspired 考查过去分词作原因状语。句中已有谓语have been working on,此处为非谓语,句子主语researchers and scientists和inspire之间是被动关系,用过去分词作原因状语。故填Inspired。
59.where 考查定语从句。此处areas是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
60.smallest 考查形容词最高级。根据前面的the biggest prizes可知,这里用形容词最高级与之对称。故填smallest。
61.was awarded 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子主语The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 是单数形式,和谓语动词award之间是被动关系,且指过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was awarded。
62.a 考查冠词。此处作 autophagy的同位语, process是可数名词,此处泛指“一个”,且self-eating的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
63.taking 考查动名词。所给动词take和前面的working是并列关系,作介词of的宾语。故填taking。
64.currently 考查副词。此处work是动词,用副词修饰,所给词current是形容词,其副词是currently。故填currently。
65.who/that 考查定语从句。此处a scientist作先行词,指人,在后面的定语从句中作主语,由who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
最近你校英文报进行了一次“你心中最崇拜哪类人”的调查,结果显示,钟南山、袁隆平等科学家成为大多数学生最崇拜的人。请你用英语就此写篇报道,内容包括:
1.简述此次调查;
2.你对此次结果的看法。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
One possible version:
Recently a survey on what kind of people you admire most has been conducted by our school’s English newspaper.As the result shows,scientists like Zhong Nanshan and Yuan Longping are the most popular with the students.
To be honest,I am very pleased with the result,which shows students are gradually forming proper ideas of value.Instead of blindly admiring pop stars,they admire those scientists who play great roles in developing our society and improving our life.Besides,the great spirits of selfless contributions and the huge efforts they show in their careers also deserve our respect.
In short,if most students admire scientists,our country will certainly become better and better.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
An honest mistake
Jane again examined the words on her spelling test.If she got them all right today,she would win her class’s Spelling Challenge and a brand new dictionary.
What’s more,Mrs.White had promised to sing a song if anyone got a perfect score.
Another three words left.N-i-c-e-l-y.Q-u-i-c-k-l-y.H-o-n-e-s-t-y.Wait!She had spelled honesty,not honestly.She hurriedly erased the t-y and wrote l-y before handing in her paper.
Mrs.White graded her test papers during the break.In the meanwhile,Jane sat nervously in her seat with her fingers crossed.Then,Mrs.White walked to the front of the room,cleared her throat and started to sing.
“Congratulations,Jane!You did it!” She announced while singing.
The whole class burst into applause!Mrs.White herself presented Jane with her prize.Jane grinned as she read the note on the dictionary:
To Jane,for her perfect performance.
“Everything OK ” Mom asked as Jane burst through the front door after school.Jane didn’t answer.As if by magic,she took out her spelling test paper and prize and showed them to her mother.Mom hugged her,asking her to put the test paper on the fridge so that Dad could see it when he got home.
Jane took another look at the test paper before putting it on the fridge.Her hands stopped in mid-air.She just couldn’t believe her own eyes.Honesly
Yes!H-O-N-E-S-L-Y!
Mom sensed something unusual and asked why.Jane squeezed the test paper into her backpack and explained that she was just too excited.Mom brought her some tea.Yes,a “t” was exactly what she needed.
After drinking a little juice,Jane sat on the sofa in the living room,lost in thought.How could she tell the class she didn’t deserve the prize That Mrs.White sang the beautiful song for nothing
注意:
续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Soon Dad came home and heard the good news.
Paragraph 2:
The next morning,Jane went to school earlier than usual.
1.阅读文章,掌握主旨方向。
2.明确写作思路,确定续写内容。
3.汇集故事线索,列出写作要点。
4.优化语言,完善续写逻辑。
Soon Dad came home and heard the good news.“Where’s your spelling test,Jane ” Dad asked eagerly.Jane looked away from her father.Anyhow,she reluctantly went to her room and pulled out the test paper.Dad fixed his eyes on the paper,a pleasant smile lifting the corner of his mouth.“I’m proud of you,sweetie.We need to celebrate it tonight.” Jane pretended to be smiling all the time.Meanwhile a sense of guilt rose inside her.Feeling she didn’t deserve the prize,she had a sleepless night for the first time in her life.
The next morning,Jane went to school earlier than usual.Mrs.White was unlocking the classroom.“You’re an early bird.”Mrs.White said.Jane’s hands trembled.She handed her teacher the spelling paper and the dictionary.“I can’t keep this.I misspelled ‘honestly’ and you didn’t catch it.” For a moment,Mrs.White stood quietly reading the label on the dictionary.Then picking up her pen,she crossed out the word “perfect” and wrote “honest” before returning the dictionary to Jane.“Keep this,but for honesty.”
