(共122张PPT)
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
头脑风暴·思维发散
Body language is truly an unspoken language with special functions. It is an important way of communication as well as an aspect of performance. While there are many different interpretations of body language,some gestures seem to be universal. Many people agree that smile is a universal body language that stands for friendliness.
There are different ways to communicate with other people. Look at the pictures below.What are the following ways of communicating
Can you add more examples
Nod
Part 1 Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
语法专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与社会——理解(读懂)地域文化中的肢体语言。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本篇文章介绍的是正确理解和运用肢体语言在地域文化中的得体性。本文传递给读者三层信息:第一,肢体语言很重要,有社会交际功能;第二,肢体语言有一定的地域文化属性,但也不是绝对的;第三,得体性是理解和运用肢体语言的核心。通过学习本文,可以帮助学生了解肢体语言的地域文化属性,形成有深度的文化对比,进而培养学生基于文化理解的尊重与自觉意识。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
feelings
eye contact
same
uses
重点词汇
1.Just like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.
(教材第38页)
不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言,这与口头语言相似。
◆vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变
核心知识·深入探究
Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.(2020天津卷,阅读理解D)
当伽利略从比萨斜塔上扔下不同重量的物体,并计算它们落地的时间时,这不仅仅是他的野心。
The quality of these products varies considerably.
这些产品的质量参差不齐。
Other countries vary the colouring of their bank notes as well as their size.
其他国家的纸币色彩不一,大小也不同。
However,a variety of types is represented here.(2020浙江卷,阅读理解A)
但是,这里表示了各种类型。
[备用例句]
①Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food
choices on the menu.(2020天津卷,阅读理解C)
餐厅在菜单上可以提供音乐和各种食物的选择。
②The little girl was excited because she found a variety of/varieties
of plants she hadn’t seen in the wild.
那个小女孩很兴奋,因为她在野外发现了许多她没见过的植物。
③The prices of some goods vary with the season.
某些货物的价格随着季节的变化而变动。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
“多样性”variety:
“a variety of+可数名词复数”用作主语,谓语要用复数;“the variety of+复数名词”用作主语,意为“……的品种”,谓语要用单数。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Winds vary time,altitude,and location.
②In the botanical garden we can find (vary) plants that range
from tall trees to small flowers.
③He was impressed by the (vary) of dishes on offer.
一句多译
④由于各种原因,我不愿意见到他。
,I’d prefer not to meet him. (various)
,I’d prefer not to meet him. (variety)
,I’d prefer not to meet him. (varieties)
with
various
variety
For various reasons
For a variety of reasons
For varieties of reasons
It is interesting to contrast the British English with the American one.
把英式英语与美式英语加以对比很有意思。
When you look at their new system,ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.
当你看他们的新系统时,就显得我们的系统陈旧过时了。
Their experiences contrast sharply with those of other children.
他们的经历和其他孩子的(经历)形成鲜明的对比。
2.In other countries,by contrast,eye contact is not always approved of.
(教材第38页)
相反,在另一些国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。
(1)contrast vi.对比;形成对照 vt.使对比;使与……对照 n.对比;差别;对照物
[备用例句]
①There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.
东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。
②The good weather was in sharp contrast to the storms of previous
weeks.
这时的好天气和前几个星期的暴风雨形成鲜明的对比。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
① contrast to the previous year,the situation is much better
now.
②The work you did today is quite a contrast what you did last
week.
③She contrasted the situation then the present crisis.
句型转换
④Her actions are a sharp contrast with her promises.
→Her actions sharply her promises.
In
to/with
with
contrast
with
(2)approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过
The president appealed to deputies to approve the plan quickly.
总统呼吁议员尽快通过这一方案。
I quite approve of the idea of your plan.
我非常赞成你的计划。
[备用例句]
①My mother didn’t approve of my giving up my current job.
我妈妈不同意我放弃目前的工作。
②I can’t agree to anything without my partner’s approval.
没有合伙人的认可,我什么也不能答应。
③The city council disapproved the building plan.
市议会不同意这项建筑计划。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
approve 表示“支持;赞成”时,是不及物动词,构成approve of短语;表示“批准”时,是及物动词,指正式地或官方批准。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He doesn’t approve our decision.
②I approve of your (try) to earn some money,but please don’t
neglect your studies.
③I would appreciate it if my application could get your .
(approve).
完成句子
④She didn’t (赞成) their choice of reading matter.
⑤The committee (批准) the project.
of
trying
approval
approve
of
gave
approval
to
its
These art works bear witness to the creativeness of the Chinese people.
这些艺术作品是中国人民创造力的伟大见证。
However,her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读B)
然而,她的孩子们在见证他们的母亲获得学位的过程中学到了重要的一课。
3.In Japan,someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture
might think it means money.(教材第38页)
在日本,一个人看到另一个人使用这一手势,可能会认为这表示金钱。
(1)witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人
[备用例句]
①The past ten years has witnessed a boom in economy in my hometown.
过去的十年见证了我家乡的经济繁荣。
②His whole life was a witness to his honesty.
他的整个一生就是对他的诚实的见证。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
witness作及物动词时,表示“目击;目睹”。作不及物动词时,意思是“作证”,常和to搭配。有时,时间名词或地点名词可以作其主语,表示“见证某事”的发生。
巧学助记
语境运用
单句语法填空
①My teacher agreed to be a character witness me in court.
②He witnessed to (see) the man enter the room.
完成句子
③他的健康是治疗成功的见证。
His good health is the success of the
treatment.
④很多他以前的朋友为他的清白作证。
Many of his former friends his innocence.
for
having seen/seeing
a
witness
to
gave
witness
to
(2)employ vt.使用;应用;雇用
How many people does the company employ
这个公司雇用了多少人
Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.(2019全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
追踪北极熊数量的现代方法直到20世纪80年代中期才开始使用。
It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. (2020全国Ⅱ卷,七选五)
据报道,在一些西方国家,76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号。
[备用例句]
①She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done.
她忙着把要做的所有工作列一个清单。
②We must employ all available means to save the boy.
我们必须使用一切可用的方法来拯救这个男孩。
③The professor has employed himself in researching ancient Chinese
history.
教授从事于中国古代历史的研究。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Your time could be usefully employed attending night classes.
②A number of teachers have been employed (deal) with the work.
③The (employ) at the company can get a discount of 10%.
④Chinese law prohibits the (employ) of children under 14.
句型转换
⑤She is employed in scientific research.
→She scientific research.
in
to deal
employees
employment
employs
herself
in
4.In France,a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it
as meaning zero.(教材第38页)
在法国,看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。
(1)interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为;诠释;说明 vi.&vt.口译
The students were asked to interpret the poem.
学生们被要求翻译那首诗(歌)。
I didn’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.
我不知该把她的沉默理解为接受还是拒绝。
The girl is interpreting for foreign visitors.
那个女孩正在为外国游客做翻译。
[备用例句]
①We have to interpret his words in a modern term.
我们不得不用现代术语来解释他的话。
②The fact that they had decided to come was interpreted as a positive
sign.
他们已经决定要来的事实被解释为一个积极的信号。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
interpret 主要指“口译”; translate 主要指“笔译”。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The data can (interpret) in many different ways.
②The president spoke to the press through an (interpret).
③I’m not satisfied with his (interpret) of this sentence.
完成句子
④His presence at the meeting (被解释为)
his good wish to make up a quarrel.
be interpreted
interpreter
interpretation
was
interpreted
as
(2)identical adj.相同的
Her dress is almost identical to mine.
她的连衣裙和我的几乎一模一样。
The two pictures are similar,although not identical.
这两幅画很相似,虽然不完全相同。
The twins are almost identical in appearance.
这对双胞胎外表看来几乎是一模一样的。
[备用例句]
①How would you feel if a scientist designed someone identical to you
如果一个科学家设计出和你一模一样的人,你会有什么感觉
②This copy is identical with the ones you bought last week.
这个复制品和你上星期买的那些一模一样。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
similar表示“类似的”,指两者有相似性,非同一人或事物。常用结构:similar to。 same和identical都表示“同样的;一样的”,指相同的人或事物,但same前需用定冠词the。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The two English words are identical meaning.
②You look identical your mother when she was your age.
完成句子
③他的眼镜和我的完全一样。
His glasses .
in
to
mine
are
identical
to/with
5.Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
(教材第38页)
即便是用于表示肯定和否定的身势语,在世界各地也不尽相同。
◆differ vi.相异;不同于
These two regions differ greatly in climate.
这两个地区在气候方面差异很大。
Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.
世界上的事物是千差万别的。
He differs with his brother about the question.
在那个问题上,他和他兄弟的看法有分歧。
[备用例句]
①His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests
were far different from mine.(2020浙江卷,七选五)
他的朋友取笑他照顾他妹妹,他的兴趣和我的大不相同。
②Only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a
meaningful difference.(2020浙江卷,阅读理解B)
只有大幅减少道路上的汽车数量,才会产生有意义的影响。
③I volunteer because I want to not just see the world,but make a
difference in it.
我做志愿者是因为我不仅想看看这个世界,我还想让它变得不同。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①British English differs obviously American English .
pronunciation and spelling.
②We know of (differ) cultures by learning English.
③I quite agree to your opinion that everyone can make difference
to society.
完成句子
④Whatever she says will not .
(对……有影响) our arrangements.
⑤Health education in the UK (与……不同) that of the
United States.
from
in
different
a
make
a
difference
to
differs
from
I’ve come to ask you to do me a favour.
我来这儿是想请你帮我个忙。
Hot climate and plentiful rainfall favour the growth of plants.
炎热的气候和充足的雨水有助于植物生长。
Most of them were in favour of my opinion while Tom was against it.
他们大部分人赞成我的观点,而汤姆反对它。
6.Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding
the head when they meet someone else.(教材第38页)
在其他地区,与别人见面时,人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
◆favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同
[备用例句]
①I’ll raise both hands in favour of banning smoking inside the
schoolyard.
我举双手赞成校园内禁止吸烟。
②Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual
matter,especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.(2020天津卷,阅读理解B)
请美国总统帮个忙可不是随便的事,尤其是对一个17岁的女孩来说。
③Would you do me a favour and get rid of this letter I’ve just
received
请帮个忙,把我刚刚收到的这封信处理掉可以吗
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The course is heavily weighted favour of engineering.
②It’s obvious that the situation is your favour at present.
③The plan they put up will be (favour) to the development
of children.
完成句子
④Could you (帮我个忙) to pick up my
son from school today
⑤The sunny weather is (对我们有利).
⑥However,others are (支持) the conclusion
because it’s of great benefit.
in
in
favourable
do
me
a
favour
in
our
favour
in
favour
of
7.A smile can break down barriers. (教材第39页)
微笑可以打破隔阂。
◆break down 消除;分解;打破
The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.(2020天津卷,完形填空)
这种“聊天愉快”的长凳有助于打破阻碍人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。
The negotiation broke down because one side refused to play the game.
因一方拒绝按章办事,谈判破裂了。
Her car broke down on the way,and that was why she was late for the meeting.
她的车在路上出故障了,那就是她开会迟到的原因。
He finally broke down under the four-hour’s strain.
在四个小时的压力下,他终于崩溃了。
[备用例句]
①First my car broke down,and then I lost my key: it never rains but it
pours!
先是我的汽车出了故障,接着又丢了钥匙,真是祸不单行!
②It took great courage to break away from his family at that time.
在那时他与家庭决裂需要极大的勇气。
③Please don’t break in when others are talking.
在别人说话时请不要插话。
归纳拓展
巧学助记
break down
温馨提示
break in和break into都有“闯入;插嘴”的意思。break in为不及物动词短语,后不跟宾语;break into为及物动词短语,后可以跟宾语。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Please don’t break on our conversation.
②Getting young people together will help to break the barriers
between them.
③Our soldiers quickly broke the enemy’s defence works.
④He decided to break away home after graduation.
完成句子
⑤Something unexpected always (发生) in this area.
in
down
through
from
breaks
out
8.Smiles can be used to hide feelings like anger,fear,or worry. (教材第
39页)
微笑可以用来隐藏愤怒、恐惧或担忧等情绪。
◆anger n.愤怒;怒气 vt.使生气;激怒
The question clearly angered him.
这个问题显然激怒了他。
At the news he was beside himself with anger.
听了这个消息他愤怒得发狂。
Are you angry with me for some reason
你是因为什么生我的气呢
[备用例句]
①He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.
他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。
②The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about it.
你拿了那女士的伞,她为此很生气。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Our parents hardly ever shouted at me anger.
②The teacher is angry with him his being careless in his
homework.
③The boy tore up the letters (angry) and threw them into the
dustbin.
④Students were angry being treated like children.
完成句子
⑤When I saw the boys throwing stones at the dog,I .
(充满了怒气).
in/with
for
angrily
at/about
was
filled
with
anger
重点句式
1.In countries like France and Russia,people may kiss their friends on the cheek
when they meet. (教材第38页)
在法国、俄罗斯等国家,朋友见面时会相互亲吻脸颊。
◆句中kiss their friends on the cheek表示“亲吻朋友的脸颊”,是一种固定的表达方式。
I had a vision that it hit me in the head.
我有预感它会砸在我的头上。
Before I knew it,something hit me in the back of the head.
在我意识到之前,有东西击中了我的后脑勺。
We can guide you,even lead you but we cannot take you by the hand and pull you along.
我们可以引导你,甚至带领你,但是我们不能用手拖着你前进。
[备用例句]
①The teacher patted me on the shoulder,telling me the news.
老师拍着我的肩膀,告诉我这个消息。
②The mother held the children by the hand.
妈妈牵着孩子们的手。
③The referee warned the player not to kick the rival in the stomach.
裁判警告这名选手不要踢竞争对手的肚子。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
该表达方式中的定冠词不可用物主代词代替。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The naughty boy hit the fellow the head.
②As I turned around,I accidentally hit him the face.
③The man beat the boy on back.
④The man caught/seized the thief the arm.
完成句子
⑤老人拉着陌生人的手,连声感谢。
The old man ,
thanking him again and again.
on
in
the
by
held
the
stranger
by
the
hand
2.And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than
seeing the smiling face of a good friend.(教材第39页)
当我们感到沮丧或孤单时,最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。
◆句中nothing better than... 为“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级意义,通
常意为“没有比……更……;没有像……一样……”。
I can’t agree with you more.
我完全同意你(的观点)。
To tell the truth,I’ve never seen a more interesting film before.
说实话,我以前从未看过比这更有趣的电影。
I have never read a better book than this one.
我从未读过比这本书更好的书。
[备用例句]
①He is more hard-working than any other student in the class.
他比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。
②Nothing is more pleasant than lying on the beach.
没有什么比躺在海滩上更令人愉快。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
最高级意义的多种表达法:
①否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than)...
②否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as...
③比较级+than+all the other+名词复数/the other+名词复数/any other+名词
单数/any of the other+名词复数/anything/anyone else
语境运用
完成句子
①就她个人来说,她巴不得接受这次邀请。
Personally,she would like to accept
this invitation.
②这饭菜糟糕透顶。
The meal couldn’t have been much .
③多么好的一本小说啊!我从未读过比这更感人的(小说)了。
What a wonderful novel! I have never read one.
④我从来没有见过比西湖更迷人的景色。
I have never seen that in
the West Lake.
nothing
better
than
worse
a
more
moving
more
fascinating
scenery
than
句型转换
⑤Tom is taller than any other student in our class.
→Tom is taller than in
our class.
→ is taller than Tom in our class.
any
of
the
other
students
No
one
长难句分析
Words are important,but the way people stand,hold their arms,and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.(教材第38页)
话语十分重要,但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
◆本句总体上是but连接的一个并列句。在第二个分句中people stand...是定语从句,修饰the way。way表示“方式;方法”时,其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句,也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉,此时关系词在从句中作状语。
语境运用
单句情境写作
1.信息很重要,但你传达信息的方式也很重要。
.
2.水实际上很简单,但水分子的结构方式却赋予水独特的性质。
.
.
The message is important,but the way you put it across is also important.
Water is actually quite simple,but the way that the water molecules are structured gives water its unique properties.
3.虽然说起来容易做起来难,但是我的方法却出人意料地简单。
.
.
That is easier said than done,but the way I have done it is surprisingly simple.
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
Ask your doctor whether these treatments are appropriate for you.
请询问医生这些治疗手段是否适合于你。
It is appropriate that we should have a special day for you.
这是恰当的,我们应该为你安排一个特别的日子。
备用讲义
1.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate
to the culture you are in.(教材第38页)
使用肢体语言时,最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。
◆appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的
[备用例句]
The doctor will take action appropriate to the situation.
医生将根据情况采取恰当的措施。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
在It is appropriate that...中,It是形式主语,真正主语为后面的that从句。that从句中要使用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”,should也可以省略。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Having written the English script,we don’t want anything .
(appropriate) to spoil the play.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,书面表达)
②From then on,I used my time (appropriate) working on
it hardly.
完成句子
③The book was written in a style (适合) the age
of the children.
④ (这是不适当的) a student should
litter and scribble about.
inappropriate
appropriately
appropriate
to
It’s
inappropriate
that
2.Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone’s feelings,
their body language or the words they speak (教材第39页)
对于理解一个人的感受、他们的肢体语言或他们说的话,哪种方法更可靠
◆reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的
There is no doubt that he is a reliable person.
毫无问题,他是一个可信赖的人。
Currently,investors do not always have access to reliable information when they need it.
目前,投资者在需要的时候并不总是能够获得可靠的信息。
He’s a good musician and totally reliable.
他是个出色的音乐家,而且非常可靠。
[备用例句]
①I rely on you to set a good example.
我全靠你来树立个好榜样。
②You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
你可以放心,这项工作将提前完成。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
表示“依赖;依靠”时,与depend on/upon可相互转换;在rely on it that...结构中it为形式宾语。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①This statement is not reliable evidence.
②You may rely on that he will help you.
③It would be better to rely ourselves than on others.
句型转换
④You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.
→You may rely on to meet you.
as
it
on
his
coming
语法专项指导
动词-ing形式作表语和宾语
语法原句再现
1.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate
to the culture you are in.(教材第38页)
使用肢体语言时,最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。
2.A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over
your stomach after a meal.(教材第39页)
表示“我吃饱了”的一个好方式,就是在饭后用手在肚子上画圈。
3.Perhaps the best example is smiling.(教材第39页)
也许最佳的例子就是微笑了。
4.However,you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany,as
it is not considered polite.(教材第38页)
然而,在巴西和德国,你应该避免作出这一手势,因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。
5.Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding
the head when they meet someone else.(教材第38页)
在其他地区,与别人见面时,人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
通过分析,我们可以看到前三个句子都是动词-ing形式作表语,后两个句子是动
词-ing形式作宾语。今天,我们就学习一下这两个语法形式。
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
一、动词-ing形式作表语
1.动词-ing形式作表语时有两种含义。
可以表示抽象的、一般性的行为,说明主语的情况或性质,与主语通常是同一概念,其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容,表语和主语常可互换位置。
His job is cleaning the classroom.
=Cleaning the classroom is his job.
他的工作就是打扫教室。
His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
=Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.
他的爱好是在他的业余时间读书。
可以表示主语的某种性质和特征,总是跟在系动词之后,构成复合谓语。这类动词-ing形式通常可以被看作形容词。表示主语所具有的特征。
But the research is encouraging.
但此项研究鼓舞人心。
What he says sounds more convincing.
他说的话听起来更有说服力。
温馨提示
作表语的动词-ing形式,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。现在分词作表语时,系动词除be外还有appear、sound、look、become、come、get、go、grow、keep、remain、seem等。
2.各种非谓语动词作表语的情形。
不定式作表语 不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作。
动词-ing形式作表语 动词-ing形式作表语强调的是一般的、抽象的、经常发生的动作,可与主语互换位置,或表示主语的性质和特征,意为“(事物)令人感到……的”。
过去分词作表语 表示人的某种感觉、体会,意为“(人)感到……的”。过去分词常与be、appear、become、feel、get、grow、look、remain、seem等系动词连用。
Our job is building houses.(经常性的一般行为)
我们的工作是盖房子。
Our main task now is to build this house.(特定的具体某次行为)
我们现在的主要任务是盖这所房子。
This dog is frightening.(说明狗的性质和特征)
这条狗让人害怕。
This dog is frightened.(说明狗的感觉和体会)
这条狗有些害怕。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①The sight was quite (amuse).
②The present situation is (terrify).
句型转换
③Your task is cleaning the windows.
→ is your task.
④What I hate most is being laughed at.
→Being laughed at is .
amusing
terrifying
Cleaning
the
windows
what
I
hate
most
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.英语中有些及物动词后面的宾语只能用动词-ing形式,接动词-ing形式作宾语的
常用动词(短语)有:
避免错过少延期(avoid、miss、delay/put off)
建议完成多练习(advise、finish、practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy、imagine、can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit、deny、envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape、risk、excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand、keep、mind)
I first considered writing to her,but then decided to see her.
我起先考虑写信给她,但后来决定去看她。
It is very important that we should practice speaking English every day.
我们每天练习说英语是很重要的。
She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起。
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗户吗
温馨提示
advise、allow、permit、forbid等词后直接接动词-ing形式作宾语,如果后面有名词、代词作宾语,则其后用不定式作宾语补足语。
Teachers don’t allow speaking loudly in class.
老师不允许在课堂上大声说话。
The doctor may allow her to return to work next week.
医生也许会允许她下周回去上班。
2.作介词的宾语。
在下面的短语中,常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语:be good at、dream of、care about、be concerned about、be interested in、feel like、insist on、think of、aim at、set about、be used to、get down to、lead to、devote oneself to、look forward to、stick to、pay attention to等。
I’m looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待着你下一次的到来。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
Jealousy and anger usually lead to doing the wrong thing.
嫉妒和愤怒通常会导致做错事情。
3.在以下结构中,动词-ing形式作介词的宾语,介词常省略。
spend...(in) doing sth. 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in)
doing sth. 做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent...(from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth. 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
have a good/ hard time (in) doing sth. 高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事毫无意义
There is no point in talking,so let’s go into action!
光说没有用,咱们还是开始做吧!
He had a hard time squeezing through the crowd to get up to the platform.
他好不容易才挤过人群到了站台前。
He is always busy working every day,which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天总是忙于工作,这使他很少有时间和他的孩子一起玩。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He tried to avoid (answer) my question.
②I had seriously considered (tell) the story from the point
of view of wives.
③I don’t mind (have) a dog in the house as long as it’s
clean.
④What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody (be) so
stupid
answering
telling
having
being
三、动词-ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况
1.动词-ing的复合结构。
Would you mind my/me/Tom’s/Tom closing the window
你介意我/汤姆关上窗户吗
2.某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing作宾语。
(1)动词begin,start,continue等词后既可跟不定式,又可跟动词-ing作宾语,意
义基本相同。
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.
休息了一会后,他们继续讨论这项计划。
(2)动词love,like,hate等后可跟动词-ing和不定式作宾语,但接动词-ing表示经
常性的情况,接不定式表示具体的动作。
I hate driving alone on a long journey.(习惯)
我不喜欢在长途旅行中独自开车。
Gary hates to tell his mother the truth.(具体)
加里不喜欢告诉他妈妈那个事实。
(3)一些动词后既可跟动词-ing作宾语,又可跟不定式作宾语,但意义有很大差别。
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯。
She forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the programme.
她忘了打开收音机,因此错过了这个节目。
He had stopped to catch his breath and make sure of his directions.
他停下来喘口气,确定一下方向。
My mother noticed that I had stopped working and asked me why.
我的妈妈注意到我停止了工作,问我为什么停下来。
I didn’t mean to break it ─ it was an accident.
我不是故意打碎它的——这是个意外。
温馨提示
对比记忆作宾语的动词含义:有些动词既可接动词-ing,也可接不定式作宾语,但意义不同。
regret to do 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
doing 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)
Remember/forget to do 记着/忘记要做某事(未做)
doing 记得/忘记做过某事(已做)
mean to do 打算要做某事
doing 意味着做某事
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
doing 停下做某事
try to do 努力做某事
doing 尝试着做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
(to)do 不能帮着做某事
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样做,但我没有选择。(未做但要做)
I don’t regret telling her what I thought.
我不后悔告诉她我的想法。(已告诉)
3.用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。其结构如下:“主语 + think/
consider/find/feel/believe +it + useless/no use/no good + doing...”。
We found it no use doing the work again.
我们发现那工作再做一次也无用。
Do you consider it any good sending more people over
你觉得多派一些人去会有好处吗
4.动词need,require,want等作“需要”讲时,若主语与后面的动词构成被动关系,
其后必须用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。即:need/
want/require + doing/to be done。
These clothes need washing.=These clothes need to be washed.
这些衣服需要洗。
The patient requires to be taken good care of.=The patient requires taking good care of.
这位病人需要得到好的照顾。
5.在(be) worth后面只能用动词-ing形式来表示被动意义。
Guo said,it is worth trying to use new technology in education.
郭说,在教育中尝试使用新技术是值得的。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I remember (see) her before,but I can’t remember when it
was.
②All of us stopped (talk) when we saw our teacher come in.
③You must remember (tell) Jackson the news tonight.
④Giving up your plan means (lose) a large amount of money.
seeing
talking
to tell
losing
真题赏析
1.I like what they are to people,and I enjoy (bring) things
back.(2020江苏卷,阅读理解B)
2.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to (live) at high
altitudes.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解D)
答案及剖析:
1.bringing 考查非谓语动词。根据其前动词enjoy可知,此处用动词-ing形式,故填bringing。
2.living 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词to可知,此处用动词-ing形式,故填living。
bringing
living
3.You’ll know you have succeeded in (improve) your work
culture.(2020全国Ⅱ卷,七选五)
4.Many people have the hobby of (collect) things.
(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
答案及剖析:
3.improving 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词in可知,此处用动词-ing形式,故填improving。
4.collecting 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词of可知,此处用动词-ing形式,故填collecting。
improving
collecting
5.So,don’t stop (speak) when you make a mistake unless it’s
a truly serious one.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
答案及剖析:
5.speaking 考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处表示“不要停止说话”,
speaking作动词stop的宾语,不是状语,故填speaking。
speaking
语法专项训练
单句语法填空
1.I can’t concentrate on (read) when I have to serve customers.
2.This appears to help kids understand the importance of respecting the
rules and (honour) responsibilities.
3.We had a school rule against (wear) jewelry.
4.We don’t allow (smoke) in the hospital.
5.He is considering (quit) his job because of the low pay.
6.She remained (stand) though we repeatedly asked her to sit
down.
reading
honouring
wearing
smoking
quitting
standing
7.Let’s imagine (live) in the year of 3500.
8.He practices (play)the piano for two hours every day.
9.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of
(die) early by running.
10.He got up late and missed (catch) the train to London.
living
playing
dying
catching
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.A man can sometimes make (infer) based on previous
knowledge.
2.They had survived the Depression without (employ).
3.We were given a brief (demonstrate) of the computer’s
functions.
4.She is one of my (favour) teachers.
5.He was filled with (angry) at the way he had been treated.
inferences
employmen
demonstration
favourite
anger
6.We took a (slight) more direct route.
7.We are looking for someone who is (rely) and hard-working.
8.They were seen by two (witness).
9.Informal (interact) among employees is seen as part of
the ongoing training process.
10.He stood there in favour his father.
slightly
reliable
witnesses
interaction
of
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.你今天能帮我一个忙去学校接萨姆吗 (favour)
Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today
2.找到他们之间区别的唯一方法是比较。(by comparison)
The only way to find the difference between them is by comparison.
3.她不赞成我今年离校。(approve)
She doesn’t approve of my leaving school this year.
4.他对警察说的和对他母亲说的不一样。(differ from)
What he told the police differed from what he told his mother.
5.他的车昨天在上班的路上抛锚了。(break down)
His car broke down on the way to work yesterday.
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Your action can speak louder than your words.It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country.Before saying anything,people communicate with each other by using gestures.However,many gestures have different meanings,or no meaning at all,in different parts of the world.
In the USA,nodding your head up and down means“yes”,while in some parts of Greece and Turkey,it means“no”.In the southeast of Asia,it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.
Today in the USA,when someone puts his thumb up,it means “Everything is all right”.However,in Greece it is bad manners to do so.Also putting your clasped hands up above your head means “I am the winner”.It is the sign which players often make.In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA,holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger in a circle,and the other three straight means “Everything is OK”.In France,it means “You are worth nothing”.
It is also important to make eye communication.If you look down when talking to an American,he or she may feel that you are shy,or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these,you should also know there are some topics that cannot be talked about,such as age,weight and marriage.You can talk about the weather,work,sports,food,where one lives and news of the day.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在另一个国家时,掌握另一种语言以及如何不用语言交流是很重要的,并且介绍了一些不同国家代表不同含义的手势。阅读本文有利于提高学生的沟通技巧和跨语言交际的能力。
1.What does the sentence “Your action can speak louder than your words.”
in Paragraph 1 mean
A.What you do is better than what you say.
B.You try your best to be polite.
C.You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D.What you say is better than what you do.
答案及剖析:
1.C 词句猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测语句意义的能力。根据第一段中的“It is important to know another language...each other by using gestures.”可知,“Your action can speak louder than your words.”的意思是:手势比语言更能让人理解你。故选C项。
2.You’d better not put the thumb up in .
A.Greece B.the USA
C.England D.China
答案及剖析:
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Today in the USA,when someone puts his thumb up,it means‘Everything is all right.’However,in Greece it is bad manners to do so.”可知,你最好不要在希腊竖大拇指。故选A项。
3.Which of the following is TRUE
A.Putting your clasped hands up above the head means friendship in
Greece.
B.You can express “You are worth nothing” by putting your thumb up
in France.
C.Making eye communication is not important in a talk.
D.Weather,sports,food and work are the topics that can be talked.
答案及剖析:
3.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“You can talk about the weather,work,sports,food,where one lives and news of the day.”可知,D选项“天气、工作、运动和食物,是可以谈论的话题。”正确。故选D项。
B
When there are some strangers in front of us,which of them will we trust
According to a new study in the online PLOS One,people make their decisions to trust others largely based on their faces.Your appearance can do a lot for you,especially if you are in the financial industry.The more trustworthy you look,the more likely people will buy what you’re selling.
Researchers from Britain’s University of Warwick Business School,
University College London,and Dartmouth College,US,did a number of experiments.
The research team used computer software to make 40 faces from the least to the most trustworthy-looking.The study said that the difference between a trustworthy face and one that isn’t as trustworthy comes from features that look slightly angry or slightly happy,even when the face is at rest.However,a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.
Researchers gave participants some money and asked them which face they trusted to invest the money for them.Then researchers gave some good and bad information about the people with these faces,and asked the participants again whom they trusted.The results showed that even if they got different information,the participants didn’t change their choices.They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.
Chris Olivola,one of the study’s authors,said in the University of Warwick’s press release:“It seems we are still willing to go with our own instincts about whether we think someone looks like we can trust him.”
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项调查研究发现人们会对笑脸更信任,会把钱给拥有值得信任的脸的人,由此研究人员得出结论,人们往往会通过看脸来判断陌生人是否值得信任。阅读本文有利于提高学生的观察判断能力和非语言交际
水平。
4.According to the study,which of the following faces is most likely to
be trusted
A.A slightly smiling face.
B.A disappointed face.
C.An embarrassed face.
D.A nervous face.
答案及剖析:
4.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第四段中的“However,a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.”可知,微笑的脸是最可能被信任的脸。故选A项。
5.What do we know about the experiments
A.The trustworthy faces were given good information.
B.Researchers took photos of the 40 people’s faces in colleges.
C.Participants liked to choose the faces with good information.
D.Most participants gave their money to the trustworthy-looking faces.
答案及剖析:
5.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第五段中的“The results showed that...invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.”可知,我们从试验中可以得知,绝大多数参与者把钱给了更值得信赖的面孔。故选D项。
6.Which of the following best explains “instincts” underlined in the last
paragraph
A.Opinions that grow out of social practice.
B.Judgments that are easily changed by others.
C.Good information that is given by people around.
D.Feelings rather than opinions or ideas based on facts.
答案及剖析:
6.D 词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据第五段中的“They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.”和画线词后的内容“about whether we think someone looks like we can trust him”可知,画线词所在句子的意思是“我们只从‘看起来是的’角度来评判一个人,而不是根据事实或所给的信息来评判”,由此可知画线词的意思是“感觉而非建立在事实基础之上的观点或者意见”。故选D项。
7.What is the text mainly about
A.Why people trust a stranger with good appearance.
B.People usually judge strangers according to their faces.
C.How different information affects people’s decisions.
D.Why the research team carried out the experiment.
答案及剖析:
7.B 主旨要义题。考查学生理解文章主旨要义的能力。文章第一段“When there are some strangers in front of us,which of them will we trust ”提出问题;根据第二段中的“According to a new study in...based on their faces.”,结合下文,通过一些试验来证明这个说法。由此可知,本文主要讲述人们往往会通过看脸来判断陌生人是否值得信任。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五
A cat whisperer is a person who can talk and communicate with cats.
Talking to a cat means understanding the spoken and unspoken words of a cat.He understands the cat’s physical and verbal communication.1.
You can also become a cat whisperer if you learn to understand the body language of your cat.2. If a cat opens her eyes wide and looks right at you,she is careful and ready to listen to you.When the eyes are half closed,it may mean she is a sleepy cat or she may want you to know,“I trust you and everything around me, I’m not in danger.”When the cat stares at you,it means she wants you to stay away and does not wish to be interrupted.3. Cats are complex animals that are actually clever.Each and every cat is different and the owner will quickly learn to understand the body language of his/ her cat.
4. For example,if you are petting your cat and you see her wagging her tail,it means that she is happy and loves to be petted.But if suddenly you get a bite,it means that she wants you to stop petting her at once.
Unlike dogs,who are considered humans’ good friends,cats are not good at showing their emotions.5. With a little understanding and patience,you will also become a good cat whisperer.
A.Take its eyes for example.
B.It is because she is searching for comfort.
C.Cat whisperers are something new to people.
D.Therefore,he knows what the cat is trying to say.
E.However,cats prove to be humans’ good friends just the same.
F.You should understand these signs to communicate with your cat.
G.What’s more,do consider a cat’s feelings if you want to be a cat
whisperer.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何读懂猫咪的语言。阅读本文有利于增长学生的见识,拓宽学生的视野。
答案及剖析:
1.D 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据前文“He understands the cat’s physical and verbal communication.”可知,和选项D构成因果关系,对应选项D中的“Therefore”,所以选项D切合文意。故选D项。
2.A 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据后文“If a cat opens her eyes wide and looks right at you,she is careful and ready to listen to you.”可知,此处是以猫的眼睛为例来说明猫的身体语言,所以选项A切合文意。故选A项。
3.F 考查学生对前后逻辑信息的判断能力。根据前文“ If a cat opens her eyes wide and looks right at you,she is...it means she wants you to stay away and does not wish to be interrupted.”可知,选项F中的“these signs”是指前文中提到的“睁大眼睛直直地看着你”“眼睛半闭着”和“盯着你看”,所以选项F切合文意。故选F项。
4.G 考查学生理解段落主题句与段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据后文“For example,if you are petting...stop petting her at once.”可知,你需要关注猫咪是否高兴,关注它的心情和感受,才能成为读懂猫语的人。所以选项G切合文意。故选G项。
5.E 考查学生对前后逻辑信息的判断能力。前文“Unlike dogs,who are considered humans’ good friends,cats are not good at showing their emotions.”和选项E构成转折关系,对应选项E中的“However”,根据后文“With a little understanding and patience,you will also become a good cat whisperer.”可知,猫咪也是人类的好朋友,所以选项E切合文意。故选E项。UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
Body language is truly an unspoken language with special functions. It is an important way of communication as well as an aspect of performance. While there are many different interpretations of body language,some gestures seem to be universal. Many people agree that smile is a universal body language that stands for friendliness.
There are different ways to communicate with other people. Look at the pictures below.What are the following ways of communicating
Can you add more examples
Nod
Part 1 Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
1.主题语境:人与社会——理解(读懂)地域文化中的肢体语言。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:
本篇文章介绍的是正确理解和运用肢体语言在地域文化中的得体性。本文传递给读者三层信息:第一,肢体语言很重要,有社会交际功能;第二,肢体语言有一定的地域文化属性,但也不是绝对的;第三,得体性是理解和运用肢体语言的核心。通过学习本文,可以帮助学生了解肢体语言的地域文化属性,形成有深度的文化对比,进而培养学生基于文化理解的尊重与自觉意识。
答案:1.feelings 2.eye contact 3.same 4.uses
1.Just like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.(教材第38页)
不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言,这与口头语言相似。
◆vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变
Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.(2020天津卷,阅读理解D)
当伽利略从比萨斜塔上扔下不同重量的物体,并计算它们落地的时间时,这不仅仅是他的野心。
The quality of these products varies considerably.
这些产品的质量参差不齐。
Other countries vary the colouring of their bank notes as well as their size.
其他国家的纸币色彩不一,大小也不同。
However,a variety of types is represented here.(2020浙江卷,阅读理解A)
但是,这里表示了各种类型。
[备用例句]
①Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu.(2020天津卷,阅读理解C)
餐厅在菜单上可以提供音乐和各种食物的选择。
②The little girl was excited because she found a variety of/varieties of plants she hadn’t seen in the wild.
那个小女孩很兴奋,因为她在野外发现了许多她没见过的植物。
③The prices of some goods vary with the season.
某些货物的价格随着季节的变化而变动。
“多样性”variety:
“a variety of+可数名词复数”用作主语,谓语要用复数;“the variety of+复数名词”用作主语,意为“……的品种”,谓语要用单数。
单句语法填空
①Winds vary time,altitude,and location.
②In the botanical garden we can find (vary) plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
③He was impressed by the (vary) of dishes on offer.
一句多译
④由于各种原因,我不愿意见到他。
,I’d prefer not to meet him. (various)
,I’d prefer not to meet him. (variety)
,I’d prefer not to meet him. (varieties)
答案:①with ②various ③variety ④For various reasons;For a variety of reasons;For varieties of reasons
2.In other countries,by contrast,eye contact is not always approved of. (教材第38页)
相反,在另一些国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可。
(1)contrast vi.对比;形成对照 vt.使对比;使与……对照 n.对比;差别;对照物
It is interesting to contrast the British English with the American one.
把英式英语与美式英语加以对比很有意思。
When you look at their new system,ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.
当你看他们的新系统时,就显得我们的系统陈旧过时了。
Their experiences contrast sharply with those of other children.
他们的经历和其他孩子的(经历)形成鲜明的对比。
[备用例句]
①There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.
东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。
②The good weather was in sharp contrast to the storms of previous weeks.
这时的好天气和前几个星期的暴风雨形成鲜明的对比。
单句语法填空
① contrast to the previous year,the situation is much better now.
②The work you did today is quite a contrast what you did last week.
③She contrasted the situation then the present crisis.
句型转换
④Her actions are a sharp contrast with her promises.
→Her actions sharply her promises.
答案:①In ②to/with ③with ④contrast;with
(2)approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过
The president appealed to deputies to approve the plan quickly.
总统呼吁议员尽快通过这一方案。
I quite approve of the idea of your plan.
我非常赞成你的计划。
[备用例句]
①My mother didn’t approve of my giving up my current job.
我妈妈不同意我放弃目前的工作。
②I can’t agree to anything without my partner’s approval.
没有合伙人的认可,我什么也不能答应。
③The city council disapproved the building plan.
市议会不同意这项建筑计划。
approve 表示“支持;赞成”时,是不及物动词,构成approve of短语;表示“批准”时,是及物动词,指正式地或官方批准。
单句语法填空
①He doesn’t approve our decision.
②I approve of your (try) to earn some money,but please don’t neglect your studies.
③I would appreciate it if my application could get your (approve).
完成句子
④She didn’t (赞成) their choice of reading matter.
⑤The committee (批准) the project.
答案:①of ②trying ③approval ④approve of ⑤gave its approval to
3.In Japan,someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.(教材第38页)
在日本,一个人看到另一个人使用这一手势,可能会认为这表示金钱。
(1)witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人
These art works bear witness to the creativeness of the Chinese people.
这些艺术作品是中国人民创造力的伟大见证。
However,her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读B)
然而,她的孩子们在见证他们的母亲获得学位的过程中学到了重要的一课。
[备用例句]
①The past ten years has witnessed a boom in economy in my hometown.
过去的十年见证了我家乡的经济繁荣。
②His whole life was a witness to his honesty.
他的整个一生就是对他的诚实的见证。
witness作及物动词时,表示“目击;目睹”。作不及物动词时,意思是“作证”,常和to搭配。有时,时间名词或地点名词可以作其主语,表示“见证某事”的发生。
单句语法填空
①My teacher agreed to be a character witness me in court.
②He witnessed to (see) the man enter the room.
完成句子
③他的健康是治疗成功的见证。
His good health is the success of the treatment.
④很多他以前的朋友为他的清白作证。
Many of his former friends his innocence.
答案:①for ②having seen/seeing ③a witness to ④gave witness to
(2)employ vt.使用;应用;雇用
How many people does the company employ
这个公司雇用了多少人
Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.(2019全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
追踪北极熊数量的现代方法直到20世纪80年代中期才开始使用。
It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. (2020全国Ⅱ卷,七选五)
据报道,在一些西方国家,76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号。
[备用例句]
①She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done.
她忙着把要做的所有工作列一个清单。
②We must employ all available means to save the boy.
我们必须使用一切可用的方法来拯救这个男孩。
③The professor has employed himself in researching ancient Chinese history.
教授从事于中国古代历史的研究。
单句语法填空
①Your time could be usefully employed attending night classes.
②A number of teachers have been employed (deal) with the work.
③The (employ) at the company can get a discount of 10%.
④Chinese law prohibits the (employ) of children under 14.
句型转换
⑤She is employed in scientific research.
→She scientific research.
答案:①in ②to deal ③employees
④employment ⑤employs herself in
4.In France,a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.(教材第38页)
在法国,看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。
(1)interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为;诠释;说明 vi.&vt.口译
The students were asked to interpret the poem.
学生们被要求翻译那首诗(歌)。
I didn’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.
我不知该把她的沉默理解为接受还是拒绝。
The girl is interpreting for foreign visitors.
那个女孩正在为外国游客做翻译。
[备用例句]
①We have to interpret his words in a modern term.
我们不得不用现代术语来解释他的话。
②The fact that they had decided to come was interpreted as a positive sign.
他们已经决定要来的事实被解释为一个积极的信号。
interpret 主要指“口译”; translate 主要指“笔译”。
单句语法填空
①The data can (interpret) in many different ways.
②The president spoke to the press through an (interpret).
③I’m not satisfied with his (interpret) of this sentence.
完成句子
④His presence at the meeting (被解释为) his good wish to make up a quarrel.
答案:①be interpreted ②interpreter
③interpretation ④was interpreted as
(2)identical adj.相同的
Her dress is almost identical to mine.
她的连衣裙和我的几乎一模一样。
The two pictures are similar,although not identical.
这两幅画很相似,虽然不完全相同。
The twins are almost identical in appearance.
这对双胞胎外表看来几乎是一模一样的。
[备用例句]
①How would you feel if a scientist designed someone identical to you
如果一个科学家设计出和你一模一样的人,你会有什么感觉
②This copy is identical with the ones you bought last week.
这个复制品和你上星期买的那些一模一样。
similar表示“类似的”,指两者有相似性,非同一人或事物。常用结构:similar to。 same和identical都表示“同样的;一样的”,指相同的人或事物,但same前需用定冠词the。
单句语法填空
①The two English words are identical meaning.
②You look identical your mother when she was your age.
完成句子
③他的眼镜和我的完全一样。
His glasses .
答案:①in ②to ③are identical to/with mine
5.Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.(教材第38页)
即便是用于表示肯定和否定的身势语,在世界各地也不尽相同。
◆differ vi.相异;不同于
These two regions differ greatly in climate.
这两个地区在气候方面差异很大。
Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.
世界上的事物是千差万别的。
He differs with his brother about the question.
在那个问题上,他和他兄弟的看法有分歧。
[备用例句]
①His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.(2020浙江卷,七选五)
他的朋友取笑他照顾他妹妹,他的兴趣和我的大不相同。
②Only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.(2020浙江卷,阅读理解B)
只有大幅减少道路上的汽车数量,才会产生有意义的影响。
③I volunteer because I want to not just see the world,but make a difference in it.
我做志愿者是因为我不仅想看看这个世界,我还想让它变得不同。
单句语法填空
①British English differs obviously American English pronunciation and spelling.
②We know of (differ) cultures by learning English.
③I quite agree to your opinion that everyone can make difference to society.
完成句子
④Whatever she says will not (对……有影响) our arrangements.
⑤Health education in the UK (与……不同) that of the United States.
答案:①from;in ②different ③a ④make a difference to ⑤differs from
6.Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head when they meet someone else.(教材第38页)
在其他地区,与别人见面时,人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
◆favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同
I’ve come to ask you to do me a favour.
我来这儿是想请你帮我个忙。
Hot climate and plentiful rainfall favour the growth of plants.
炎热的气候和充足的雨水有助于植物生长。
Most of them were in favour of my opinion while Tom was against it.
他们大部分人赞成我的观点,而汤姆反对它。
[备用例句]
①I’ll raise both hands in favour of banning smoking inside the schoolyard.
我举双手赞成校园内禁止吸烟。
②Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter,especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.(2020天津卷,阅读理解B)
请美国总统帮个忙可不是随便的事,尤其是对一个17岁的女孩来说。
③Would you do me a favour and get rid of this letter I’ve just received
请帮个忙,把我刚刚收到的这封信处理掉可以吗
单句语法填空
①The course is heavily weighted favour of engineering.
②It’s obvious that the situation is your favour at present.
③The plan they put up will be (favour) to the development of children.
完成句子
④Could you (帮我个忙) to pick up my son from school today
⑤The sunny weather is (对我们有利).
⑥However,others are (支持) the conclusion because it’s of great benefit.
答案:①in ②in ③favourable ④do me a favour ⑤in our favour ⑥in favour of
7.A smile can break down barriers. (教材第39页)
微笑可以打破隔阂。
◆break down 消除;分解;打破
The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.(2020天津卷,完形填空)
这种“聊天愉快”的长凳有助于打破阻碍人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。
The negotiation broke down because one side refused to play the game.
因一方拒绝按章办事,谈判破裂了。
Her car broke down on the way,and that was why she was late for the meeting.
她的车在路上出故障了,那就是她开会迟到的原因。
He finally broke down under the four-hour’s strain.
在四个小时的压力下,他终于崩溃了。
[备用例句]
①First my car broke down,and then I lost my key: it never rains but it pours!
先是我的汽车出了故障,接着又丢了钥匙,真是祸不单行!
②It took great courage to break away from his family at that time.
在那时他与家庭决裂需要极大的勇气。
③Please don’t break in when others are talking.
在别人说话时请不要插话。
break down
break in和break into都有“闯入;插嘴”的意思。break in为不及物动词短语,后不跟宾语;break into为及物动词短语,后可以跟宾语。
单句语法填空
①Please don’t break on our conversation.
②Getting young people together will help to break the barriers between them.
③Our soldiers quickly broke the enemy’s defence works.
④He decided to break away home after graduation.
完成句子
⑤Something unexpected always (发生) in this area.
答案:①in ②down ③through ④from ⑤breaks out
8.Smiles can be used to hide feelings like anger,fear,or worry. (教材第39页)
微笑可以用来隐藏愤怒、恐惧或担忧等情绪。
◆anger n.愤怒;怒气 vt.使生气;激怒
The question clearly angered him.
这个问题显然激怒了他。
At the news he was beside himself with anger.
听了这个消息他愤怒得发狂。
Are you angry with me for some reason
你是因为什么生我的气呢
[备用例句]
①He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.
他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。
②The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about it.
你拿了那女士的伞,她为此很生气。
单句语法填空
①Our parents hardly ever shouted at me anger.
②The teacher is angry with him his being careless in his homework.
③The boy tore up the letters (angry) and threw them into the dustbin.
④Students were angry being treated like children.
完成句子
⑤When I saw the boys throwing stones at the dog,I (充满了怒气).
答案:①in/with ②for ③angrily ④at/about
⑤was filled with anger
1.In countries like France and Russia,people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. (教材第38页)
在法国、俄罗斯等国家,朋友见面时会相互亲吻脸颊。
◆句中kiss their friends on the cheek表示“亲吻朋友的脸颊”,是一种固定的表达方式。
I had a vision that it hit me in the head.
我有预感它会砸在我的头上。
Before I knew it,something hit me in the back of the head.
在我意识到之前,有东西击中了我的后脑勺。
We can guide you,even lead you but we cannot take you by the hand and pull you along.
我们可以引导你,甚至带领你,但是我们不能用手拖着你前进。
[备用例句]
①The teacher patted me on the shoulder,telling me the news.
老师拍着我的肩膀,告诉我这个消息。
②The mother held the children by the hand.
妈妈牵着孩子们的手。
③The referee warned the player not to kick the rival in the stomach.
裁判警告这名选手不要踢竞争对手的肚子。
该表达方式中的定冠词不可用物主代词代替。
单句语法填空
①The naughty boy hit the fellow the head.
②As I turned around,I accidentally hit him the face.
③The man beat the boy on back.
④The man caught/seized the thief the arm.
完成句子
⑤老人拉着陌生人的手,连声感谢。
The old man ,thanking him again and again.
答案:①on ②in ③the ④by ⑤held the stranger by the hand
2.And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.(教材第39页)
当我们感到沮丧或孤单时,最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。
◆句中nothing better than... 为“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级意义,通常意为“没有比……更……;没有像……一样……”。
I can’t agree with you more.
我完全同意你(的观点)。
To tell the truth,I’ve never seen a more interesting film before.
说实话,我以前从未看过比这更有趣的电影。
I have never read a better book than this one.
我从未读过比这本书更好的书。
[备用例句]
①He is more hard-working than any other student in the class.
他比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。
②Nothing is more pleasant than lying on the beach.
没有什么比躺在海滩上更令人愉快。
最高级意义的多种表达法:
①否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than)...
②否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as...
③比较级+than+all the other+名词复数/the other+名词复数/any other+名词单数/any of the other+名词复数/anything/anyone else
完成句子
①就她个人来说,她巴不得接受这次邀请。
Personally,she would like to accept this invitation.
②这饭菜糟糕透顶。
The meal couldn’t have been much .
③多么好的一本小说啊!我从未读过比这更感人的(小说)了。
What a wonderful novel! I have never read one.
④我从来没有见过比西湖更迷人的景色。
I have never seen that in the West Lake.
句型转换
⑤Tom is taller than any other student in our class.
→Tom is taller than in our class.
→ is taller than Tom in our class.
答案:①nothing better than ②worse ③a more moving ④more fascinating scenery than
⑤any of the other students;No one
Words are important,but the way people stand,hold their arms,and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.(教材第38页)
话语十分重要,但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
◆本句总体上是but连接的一个并列句。在第二个分句中people stand...是定语从句,修饰the way。way表示“方式;方法”时,其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句,也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉,此时关系词在从句中作状语。
单句情境写作
1.信息很重要,但你传达信息的方式也很重要。
2.水实际上很简单,但水分子的结构方式却赋予水独特的性质。
3.虽然说起来容易做起来难,但是我的方法却出人意料地简单。
答案:1.The message is important,but the way you put it across is also important.
2.Water is actually quite simple,but the way that the water molecules are structured gives water its unique properties.
3.That is easier said than done,but the way I have done it is surprisingly simple.
1.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.(教材第38页)
使用肢体语言时,最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。
◆appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
Ask your doctor whether these treatments are appropriate for you.
请询问医生这些治疗手段是否适合于你。
It is appropriate that we should have a special day for you.
这是恰当的,我们应该为你安排一个特别的日子。
[备用例句]
The doctor will take action appropriate to the situation.
医生将根据情况采取恰当的措施。
在It is appropriate that...中,It是形式主语,真正主语为后面的that从句。that从句中要使用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”,should也可以省略。
单句语法填空
①Having written the English script,we don’t want anything (appropriate) to spoil the play.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,书面表达)
②From then on,I used my time (appropriate) working on it hardly.
完成句子
③The book was written in a style (适合) the age of the children.
④ (这是不适当的) a student should litter and scribble about.
答案:①inappropriate ②appropriately ③appropriate to ④It’s inappropriate that
2.Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone’s feelings,their body language or the words they speak (教材第39页)
对于理解一个人的感受、他们的肢体语言或他们说的话,哪种方法更可靠
◆reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的
There is no doubt that he is a reliable person.
毫无问题,他是一个可信赖的人。
Currently,investors do not always have access to reliable information when they need it.
目前,投资者在需要的时候并不总是能够获得可靠的信息。
He’s a good musician and totally reliable.
他是个出色的音乐家,而且非常可靠。
[备用例句]
①I rely on you to set a good example.
我全靠你来树立个好榜样。
②You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
你可以放心,这项工作将提前完成。
表示“依赖;依靠”时,与depend on/upon可相互转换;在rely on it that...结构中it为形式宾语。
单句语法填空
①This statement is not reliable evidence.
②You may rely on that he will help you.
③It would be better to rely ourselves than on others.
句型转换
④You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.
→You may rely on to meet you.
答案:①as ②it ③on ④his coming
动词-ing形式作表语和宾语
1.The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.(教材第38页)
使用肢体语言时,最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。
2.A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.(教材第39页)
表示“我吃饱了”的一个好方式,就是在饭后用手在肚子上画圈。
3.Perhaps the best example is smiling.(教材第39页)
也许最佳的例子就是微笑了。
4.However,you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany,as it is not considered polite.(教材第38页)
然而,在巴西和德国,你应该避免作出这一手势,因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。
5.Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head when they meet someone else.(教材第38页)
在其他地区,与别人见面时,人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
通过分析,我们可以看到前三个句子都是动词-ing形式作表语,后两个句子是动词-ing形式作宾语。今天,我们就学习一下这两个语法形式。
一、动词-ing形式作表语
1.动词-ing形式作表语时有两种含义。
可以表示抽象的、一般性的行为,说明主语的情况或性质,与主语通常是同一概念,其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容,表语和主语常可互换位置。
His job is cleaning the classroom.
=Cleaning the classroom is his job.
他的工作就是打扫教室。
His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
=Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.
他的爱好是在他的业余时间读书。
可以表示主语的某种性质和特征,总是跟在系动词之后,构成复合谓语。这类动词-ing形式通常可以被看作形容词。表示主语所具有的特征。
But the research is encouraging.
但此项研究鼓舞人心。
What he says sounds more convincing.
他说的话听起来更有说服力。
作表语的动词-ing形式,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。现在分词作表语时,系动词除be外还有appear、sound、look、become、come、get、go、grow、keep、remain、seem等。
2.各种非谓语动词作表语的情形。
不定式作表语 不定式作表语强调的是一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作。
动词-ing形式作表语 动词-ing形式作表语强调的是一般的、抽象的、经常发生的动作,可与主语互换位置,或表示主语的性质和特征,意为“(事物)令人感到……的”。
过去分词作表语 表示人的某种感觉、体会,意为“(人)感到……的”。过去分词常与be、appear、become、feel、get、grow、look、remain、seem等系动词连用。
Our job is building houses.(经常性的一般行为)
我们的工作是盖房子。
Our main task now is to build this house.(特定的具体某次行为)
我们现在的主要任务是盖这所房子。
This dog is frightening.(说明狗的性质和特征)
这条狗让人害怕。
This dog is frightened.(说明狗的感觉和体会)
这条狗有些害怕。
单句语法填空
①The sight was quite (amuse).
②The present situation is (terrify).
句型转换
③Your task is cleaning the windows.
→ is your task.
④What I hate most is being laughed at.
→Being laughed at is .
答案:①amusing ②terrifying ③Cleaning the windows ④what I hate most
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.英语中有些及物动词后面的宾语只能用动词-ing形式,接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有:
避免错过少延期(avoid、miss、delay/put off)
建议完成多练习(advise、finish、practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy、imagine、can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit、deny、envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape、risk、excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand、keep、mind)
I first considered writing to her,but then decided to see her.
我起先考虑写信给她,但后来决定去看她。
It is very important that we should practice speaking English every day.
我们每天练习说英语是很重要的。
She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起。
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗户吗
advise、allow、permit、forbid等词后直接接动词-ing形式作宾语,如果后面有名词、代词作宾语,则其后用不定式作宾语补足语。
allow/advise/forbid/permit
Teachers don’t allow speaking loudly in class.
老师不允许在课堂上大声说话。
The doctor may allow her to return to work next week.
医生也许会允许她下周回去上班。
2.作介词的宾语。
在下面的短语中,常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语:be good at、dream of、care about、be concerned about、be interested in、feel like、insist on、think of、aim at、set about、be used to、get down to、lead to、devote oneself to、look forward to、stick to、pay attention to等。
I’m looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待着你下一次的到来。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
Jealousy and anger usually lead to doing the wrong thing.
嫉妒和愤怒通常会导致做错事情。
3.在以下结构中,动词-ing形式作介词的宾语,介词常省略。
spend...(in) doing sth. 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent...(from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth. 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
have a good/ hard time (in) doing sth. 高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事毫无意义
There is no point in talking,so let’s go into action!
光说没有用,咱们还是开始做吧!
He had a hard time squeezing through the crowd to get up to the platform.
他好不容易才挤过人群到了站台前。
He is always busy working every day,which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天总是忙于工作,这使他很少有时间和他的孩子一起玩。
单句语法填空
①He tried to avoid (answer) my question.
②I had seriously considered (tell) the story from the point of view of wives.
③I don’t mind (have) a dog in the house as long as it’s clean.
④What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody (be) so stupid
答案:①answering ②telling ③having ④being
三、动词-ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况
1.动词-ing的复合结构。
+动词-ing
Would you mind my/me/Tom’s/Tom closing the window
你介意我/汤姆关上窗户吗
2.某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing作宾语。
(1)动词begin,start,continue等词后既可跟不定式,又可跟动词-ing作宾语,意义基本相同。
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.
休息了一会后,他们继续讨论这项计划。
(2)动词love,like,hate等后可跟动词-ing和不定式作宾语,但接动词-ing表示经常性的情况,接不定式表示具体的动作。
I hate driving alone on a long journey.(习惯)
我不喜欢在长途旅行中独自开车。
Gary hates to tell his mother the truth.(具体)
加里不喜欢告诉他妈妈那个事实。
(3)一些动词后既可跟动词-ing作宾语,又可跟不定式作宾语,但意义有很大差别。
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯。
She forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the programme.
她忘了打开收音机,因此错过了这个节目。
He had stopped to catch his breath and make sure of his directions.
他停下来喘口气,确定一下方向。
My mother noticed that I had stopped working and asked me why.
我的妈妈注意到我停止了工作,问我为什么停下来。
I didn’t mean to break it ─ it was an accident.
我不是故意打碎它的——这是个意外。
对比记忆作宾语的动词含义:有些动词既可接动词-ing,也可接不定式作宾语,但意义不同。
regret to do 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
doing 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)
remember/ forget to do 记着/忘记要做某事(未做)
doing 记得/忘记做过某事(已做)
mean to do 打算要做某事
doing 意味着做某事
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
doing 停下做某事
try to do 努力做某事
doing 尝试着做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
(to)do 不能帮着做某事
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样做,但我没有选择。(未做但要做)
I don’t regret telling her what I thought.
我不后悔告诉她我的想法。(已告诉)
3.用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。其结构如下:“主语 + think/consider/find/feel/believe +it + useless/no use/no good + doing...”。
We found it no use doing the work again.
我们发现那工作再做一次也无用。
Do you consider it any good sending more people over
你觉得多派一些人去会有好处吗
4.动词need,require,want等作“需要”讲时,若主语与后面的动词构成被动关系,其后必须用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。即:need/want/require + doing/to be done。
These clothes need washing.=These clothes need to be washed.
这些衣服需要洗。
The patient requires to be taken good care of.=The patient requires taking good care of.
这位病人需要得到好的照顾。
5.在(be) worth后面只能用动词-ing形式来表示被动意义。
Guo said,it is worth trying to use new technology in education.
郭说,在教育中尝试使用新技术是值得的。
单句语法填空
①I remember (see) her before,but I can’t remember when it was.
②All of us stopped (talk) when we saw our teacher come in.
③You must remember (tell) Jackson the news tonight.
④Giving up your plan means (lose) a large amount of money.
答案:①seeing ②talking ③to tell ④losing
1.I like what they are to people,and I enjoy (bring) things back.(2020江苏卷,阅读理解B)
2.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to (live) at high altitudes.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解D)
3.You’ll know you have succeeded in (improve) your work culture.(2020全国Ⅱ卷,七选五)
4.Many people have the hobby of (collect) things.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,语法填空)
5.So,don’t stop (speak) when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
答案及剖析:
1.bringing 考查非谓语动词。根据其前动词enjoy可知,此处用动词-ing形式,故填bringing。
2.living 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词to可知,此处用动词-ing形式,故填living。
3.improving 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词in可知,此处用动词-ing形式,故填improving。
4.collecting 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词of可知,此处用动词-ing形式,故填collecting。
5.speaking 考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处表示“不要停止说话”,speaking作动词stop的宾语,不是状语,故填speaking。
单句语法填空
1.I can’t concentrate on (read) when I have to serve customers.
2.This appears to help kids understand the importance of respecting the rules and (honour) responsibilities.
3.We had a school rule against (wear) jewelry.
4.We don’t allow (smoke) in the hospital.
5.He is considering (quit) his job because of the low pay.
6.She remained (stand) though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
7.Let’s imagine (live) in the year of 3500.
8.He practices (play)the piano for two hours every day.
9.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.
10.He got up late and missed (catch) the train to London.
答案:1.reading 2.honouring 3.wearing 4.smoking 5.quitting 6.standing
7.living 8.playing 9.dying 10.catching
课时作业(七) UNIT 4 Part 1
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.A man can sometimes make (infer) based on previous knowledge.
2.They had survived the Depression without (employ).
3.We were given a brief (demonstrate) of the computer’s functions.
4.She is one of my (favour) teachers.
5.He was filled with (angry) at the way he had been treated.
6.We took a (slight) more direct route.
7.We are looking for someone who is (rely) and hard-working.
8.They were seen by two (witness).
9.Informal (interact) among employees is seen as part of the ongoing training process.
10.He stood there in favour his father.
答案:1.inferences 2.employment
3.demonstration 4.favourite 5.anger 6.slightly 7.reliable 8.witnesses
9.interaction 10.of
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.你今天能帮我一个忙去学校接萨姆吗 (favour)
2.找到他们之间区别的唯一方法是比较。(by comparison)
3.她不赞成我今年离校。(approve)
4.他对警察说的和对他母亲说的不一样。(differ from)
5.他的车昨天在上班的路上抛锚了。(break down)
答案:1.Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today
2.The only way to find the difference between them is by comparison.
3.She doesn’t approve of my leaving school this year.
4.What he told the police differed from what he told his mother.
5.His car broke down on the way to work yesterday.
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Your action can speak louder than your words.It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country.Before saying anything,people communicate with each other by using gestures.However,many gestures have different meanings,or no meaning at all,in different parts of the world.
In the USA,nodding your head up and down means“yes”,while in some parts of Greece and Turkey,it means“no”.In the southeast of Asia,it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.
Today in the USA,when someone puts his thumb up,it means “Everything is all right”.However,in Greece it is bad manners to do so.Also putting your clasped hands up above your head means “I am the winner”.It is the sign which players often make.In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA,holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger in a circle,and the other three straight means “Everything is OK”.In France,it means “You are worth nothing”.
It is also important to make eye communication.If you look down when talking to an American,he or she may feel that you are shy,or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these,you should also know there are some topics that cannot be talked about,such as age,weight and marriage.You can talk about the weather,work,sports,food,where one lives and news of the day.
1.What does the sentence “Your action can speak louder than your words.” in Paragraph 1 mean
A.What you do is better than what you say.
B.You try your best to be polite.
C.You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.
D.What you say is better than what you do.
2.You’d better not put the thumb up in .
A.Greece B.the USA
C.England D.China
3.Which of the following is TRUE
A.Putting your clasped hands up above the head means friendship in Greece.
B.You can express “You are worth nothing” by putting your thumb up in France.
C.Making eye communication is not important in a talk.
D.Weather,sports,food and work are the topics that can be talked.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在另一个国家时,掌握另一种语言以及如何不用语言交流是很重要的,并且介绍了一些不同国家代表不同含义的手势。阅读本文有利于提高学生的沟通技巧和跨语言交际的能力。
答案及剖析:
1.C 词句猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测语句意义的能力。根据第一段中的“It is important to know another language...each other by using gestures.”可知,“Your action can speak louder than your words.”的意思是:手势比语言更能让人理解你。故选C项。
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Today in the USA,when someone puts his thumb up,it means‘Everything is all right.’However,in Greece it is bad manners to do so.”可知,你最好不要在希腊竖大拇指。故选A项。
3.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“You can talk about the weather,work,sports,food,where one lives and news of the day.”可知,D选项“天气、工作、运动和食物,是可以谈论的话题。”正确。故选D项。
B
When there are some strangers in front of us,which of them will we trust
According to a new study in the online PLOS One,people make their decisions to trust others largely based on their faces.Your appearance can do a lot for you,especially if you are in the financial industry.The more trustworthy you look,the more likely people will buy what you’re selling.
Researchers from Britain’s University of Warwick Business School,University College London,and Dartmouth College,US,did a number of experiments.
The research team used computer software to make 40 faces from the least to the most trustworthy-looking.The study said that the difference between a trustworthy face and one that isn’t as trustworthy comes from features that look slightly angry or slightly happy,even when the face is at rest.However,a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.
Researchers gave participants some money and asked them which face they trusted to invest the money for them.Then researchers gave some good and bad information about the people with these faces,and asked the participants again whom they trusted.The results showed that even if they got different information,the participants didn’t change their choices.They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.
Chris Olivola,one of the study’s authors,said in the University of Warwick’s press release:“It seems we are still willing to go with our own instincts about whether we think someone looks like we can trust him.”
4.According to the study,which of the following faces is most likely to be trusted
A.A slightly smiling face.
B.A disappointed face.
C.An embarrassed face.
D.A nervous face.
5.What do we know about the experiments
A.The trustworthy faces were given good information.
B.Researchers took photos of the 40 people’s faces in colleges.
C.Participants liked to choose the faces with good information.
D.Most participants gave their money to the trustworthy-looking faces.
6.Which of the following best explains “instincts” underlined in the last paragraph
A.Opinions that grow out of social practice.
B.Judgments that are easily changed by others.
C.Good information that is given by people around.
D.Feelings rather than opinions or ideas based on facts.
7.What is the text mainly about
A.Why people trust a stranger with good appearance.
B.People usually judge strangers according to their faces.
C.How different information affects people’s decisions.
D.Why the research team carried out the experiment.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项调查研究发现人们会对笑脸更信任,会把钱给拥有值得信任的脸的人,由此研究人员得出结论,人们往往会通过看脸来判断陌生人是否值得信任。阅读本文有利于提高学生的观察判断能力和非语言交际水平。
答案及剖析:
4.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第四段中的“However,a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.”可知,微笑的脸是最可能被信任的脸。故选A项。
5.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第五段中的“The results showed that...invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.”可知,我们从试验中可以得知,绝大多数参与者把钱给了更值得信赖的面孔。故选D项。
6.D 词义猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据第五段中的“They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.”和画线词后的内容“about whether we think someone looks like we can trust him”可知,画线词所在句子的意思是“我们只从‘看起来是的’角度来评判一个人,而不是根据事实或所给的信息来评判”,由此可知画线词的意思是“感觉而非建立在事实基础之上的观点或者意见”。故选D项。
7.B 主旨要义题。考查学生理解文章主旨要义的能力。文章第一段“When there are some strangers in front of us,which of them will we trust ”提出问题;根据第二段中的“According to a new study in...based on their faces.”,结合下文,通过一些试验来证明这个说法。由此可知,本文主要讲述人们往往会通过看脸来判断陌生人是否值得信任。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五
A cat whisperer is a person who can talk and communicate with cats.Talking to a cat means understanding the spoken and unspoken words of a cat.He understands the cat’s physical and verbal communication.1.
You can also become a cat whisperer if you learn to understand the body language of your cat.2. If a cat opens her eyes wide and looks right at you,she is careful and ready to listen to you.When the eyes are half closed,it may mean she is a sleepy cat or she may want you to know,“I trust you and everything around me, I’m not in danger.”When the cat stares at you,it means she wants you to stay away and does not wish to be interrupted.3. Cats are complex animals that are actually clever.Each and every cat is different and the owner will quickly learn to understand the body language of his/ her cat.
4. For example,if you are petting your cat and you see her wagging her tail,it means that she is happy and loves to be petted.But if suddenly you get a bite,it means that she wants you to stop petting her at once.
Unlike dogs,who are considered humans’ good friends,cats are not good at showing their emotions.5. With a little understanding and patience,you will also become a good cat whisperer.
A.Take its eyes for example.
B.It is because she is searching for comfort.
C.Cat whisperers are something new to people.
D.Therefore,he knows what the cat is trying to say.
E.However,cats prove to be humans’ good friends just the same.
F.You should understand these signs to communicate with your cat.
G.What’s more,do consider a cat’s feelings if you want to be a cat whisperer.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何读懂猫咪的语言。阅读本文有利于增长学生的见识,拓宽学生的视野。
答案及剖析:
1.D 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据前文“He understands the cat’s physical and verbal communication.”可知,和选项D构成因果关系,对应选项D中的“Therefore”,所以选项D切合文意。故选D项。
2.A 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据后文“If a cat opens her eyes wide and looks right at you,she is careful and ready to listen to you.”可知,此处是以猫的眼睛为例来说明猫的身体语言,所以选项A切合文意。故选A项。
3.F 考查学生对前后逻辑信息的判断能力。根据前文“ If a cat opens her eyes wide and looks right at you,she is...it means she wants you to stay away and does not wish to be interrupted.”可知,选项F中的“these signs”是指前文中提到的“睁大眼睛直直地看着你”“眼睛半闭着”和“盯着你看”,所以选项F切合文意。故选F项。
4.G 考查学生理解段落主题句与段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据后文“For example,if you are petting...stop petting her at once.”可知,你需要关注猫咪是否高兴,关注它的心情和感受,才能成为读懂猫语的人。所以选项G切合文意。故选G项。
5.E 考查学生对前后逻辑信息的判断能力。前文“Unlike dogs,who are considered humans’ good friends,cats are not good at showing their emotions.”和选项E构成转折关系,对应选项E中的“However”,根据后文“With a little understanding and patience,you will also become a good cat whisperer.”可知,猫咪也是人类的好朋友,所以选项E切合文意。故选E项。(共100张PPT)
Part 2 Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
写作专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与社会——课堂里的肢体语言。
2.语篇类型:议论文。
3.课文内容分析:
文章以一位老师自述的口吻描写了他(她)在课堂中观察到的学生的肢体语言。通过观察学生的行为特征和自然流露的肢体语言,可以较为准确地判断学生的精神状态。通过阅读本文,可以帮助学生更加积极地看待老师的工作和付出,进而师生共同努力,营造相互信任、充满正能量的教学氛围。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
their body language
look at
anywhere
harder
helpful
1.People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested
in.(教材第44页)
人们在对某个事物感兴趣时,往往会身体前倾。
◆tendency n.倾向;趋势
重点词汇
核心知识·深入探究
I have a tendency to talk too much when I’m nervous.
当我紧张时容易说太多话。
We have a tendency to think that everything is about us.
我们有一种倾向,认为所有事都要围着我们转。
We all tend to like those similar to us.
我们都倾向于喜欢那些与我们相像的人。
[备用例句]
①Nowadays many people have a tendency to give up smoking due to its bad
effects.
由于吸烟有不良影响,现如今许多人倾向于戒烟。
②There is a tendency for unemployment to rise in summer.
夏季的失业率有上升的趋势。
③They have created a strong tendency toward total digitalization in
equipment.
它们创造了设备全面数字化的强大趋势。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Readers tended (share) articles that were exciting or funny.
②He has a (tend) to forget things.
完成句子
③人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。
There is a growing tendency at
home instead of in offices.
④我往往更喜欢在海滨度假。
I prefer to have a holiday at the seaside.
to share
tendency
for
people
to
work
tend
to
2.With their chins on their hands,they occupy themselves by staring out
of the window or up at the ceiling.(教材第44页)
他们托着下巴,全神贯注地盯着窗外或天花板。
(1)occupy vt.占用;占据
She was occupied with her work,without noticing evening approaching.
她在忙她的工作,没有注意到夜幕降临。
How long has Mark been occupied in writing his new book
马克专心写他的新书有多久了
[备用例句]
①She was occupied with the cleaning of the big house.
她正在忙于打扫那幢大房子。
②Later I went to a café to have lunch,but all the tables were occupied.
随后我来到一家咖啡屋吃午餐,但桌子全都有人了。
③You may turn to food for comfort—conciously or unconsciously—when
you’re facing a difficult problem,stress or just looking to keep
yourself occupied.
当你面对困难的问题,压力或者只是让自己忙着,你可能会有意无意地借助食物寻
求慰藉。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
“忙于(做)某事”的其他表达有:be busy/engaged with sth.,be busy/engaged (in) doing sth.等。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①You can imagine how fully (occupy) I became,raising four
boys under the age of eight!
②You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth and
(occupy).
句型转换
③I have been so busy with work that I haven’t had time for social
activities.
→I have been so work that I haven’t had time
for social activities.
occupied
occupation
occupied
with
(2)stare vi.盯着看;凝视 n.凝视
She sat and stared at the letter in front of her.
她坐在那儿,凝视着她面前的那封信。
She stared out of the window,lost in a daydream.
她凝视窗外,沉浸在幻想之中。
[备用例句]
①Why are you staring at me
你为什么盯着我
②The child stared the stranger up and down.
那孩子上下打量着这个陌生人。
③The facts stare us in the face.
事实明摆在我们面前。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
表示“看”的短语:①glare at 怒视 ②glance at 瞥一眼 ③glimpse at 瞥见 ④look at 看一看 ⑤fix one’s eyes on 盯着看 ⑥catch sight of 看见
语境运用
单句语法填空
①She stared us with unbelieving eyes.
②The mistakes of the past stare us the face.
完成句子
③孩子们喜欢玩一种天真可笑的比赛,他们互相对视,看谁把对方压倒。
Children enjoy a silly competition in which they try to .
.
④男孩盯着天空,想知道宇宙是怎么形成的。
The boy ,wondering how the universe
came into being.
at
in
stare
each
other
down
stared
at
the
sky
3.While it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored,or
distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students
are troubled.(教材第44页)
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但
要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
(1)perceive vt.察觉;看待;理解
She perceived that all was not well.
她意识到并非一切顺利。
These movies were not only making money, they were also perceived to be original.
这些电影不仅赚钱,而且被认为是原创的。
[备用例句]
①People tend to perceive television as entertainment.
人们倾向于将电视视为娱乐。
②I can’t perceive any difference between these coins.
我看不出这些硬币之间有任何区别。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①New technology was perceived (be) a threat to employment.
②They perceived the enemy was trying to wear down their
resistance.
完成句子
③小偷被看到溜进了房间。
The thief .
④我意识到我不能使她改变主意。
I perceived that .
.
to be
that
was
mind
I
could
not
make
her
change
her
perceived
to
steal
into
the
house
(2)distinguish vi.& vt.区分;辨别
Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to distinguish.
有时候现实和幻想很难区分。
She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.
作为一名运动员她已享有盛名。
You are old enough to distinguish fact from fantasy.
你年纪已经足够大,能分清事实和幻想了。
[备用例句]
①Over the next few years he distinguished himself as a leading
constitutional scholar.
在随后的几年中,他作为宪法学的权威学者而享有盛誉。
②He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.
他以其经济学方面的知识而闻名。
③They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female
stranger.
他们甚至能辨别出妈妈的声音和一个陌生女人的声音的不同。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①There is something about music that distinguishes it all
other art forms.
②He could not distinguish between cotton wool.
③My brother is a most (distinguish) man—a great actor.
④Colour blind people often find it difficult to distinguish .
blue and green.
完成句子
⑤她以清晰地表达她的思想的能力而著称。
She her ability to make her ideas clear.
from
and
distinguished
between
was
distinguished
for
4.Students who are angry,afraid,or experiencing anxiety may have their arms
crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed,like they are
guarding their bodies.(教材第44页)
愤怒、害怕或焦虑的学生会双臂交叉放在胸前,双腿并拢或交叉,像是在保护自己的身体。
◆anxiety n.焦虑;担心;害怕
There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.(2019全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解A)
从一开始尼克和艾米就为争夺你的信任而紧张和焦虑。
Music seemed to quiet her anxiety and loneliness.
音乐似乎能够减轻她的焦虑和孤独。
We waited for news with a growing sense of anxiety.
我们等待着消息,变得越来越焦急。
[备用例句]
①More and more people are anxious about/for the quality of the air.
越来越多的人担心空气的质量。
②I knew I had a role in it,so I was anxious to learn my dialogue.
我知道我在其中有个角色,因此我很紧张去记住我的对白。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
在句式be anxious that...中,that从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule,or social
(anxious) around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.
②She was anxious (know) what had happened.
③He (anxious) searched for his name on the list.
完成句子
④妈妈很担心她的孩子。
Mother her children.
⑤全国上下都渴望和平。
The whole country peace.
anxiety
to know
anxiously
was
anxious
for
was
anxiety
for
5.Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being
called on by the teacher.(教材第44页)
有些学生这副模样,只是因为他们害怕老师提问。
◆call on (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请
I will call on you when I am in town.
我到城里之后会去看你。
They call on people to take measures to fight against it.
他们呼吁人们采取措施来抵制它。
Mary is shy and she is afraid of being called on in class.
玛丽害羞,害怕在课堂上被提问。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
call on/upon后面接表示“人”的名词,而call at后面接表示“地点”的名词。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I now call the chairman to address the meeting.
②I had no time to call the place where he was working.
③The director has just called to say that she’ll be late.
完成句子
④很多专家被请来提建议。
Many experts have been for advice.
⑤因为天气恶劣,比赛被取消了。
The game was because of the bad weather.
on/upon
at
up
called
in
called
off
6.However,if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red
from weeping,then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.(教材第44页)
但是,要是学生都懒得梳头,并且两眼因哭泣而发红,那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。
◆bother vi.& vt.费心;麻烦;因……操心 n.麻烦;不便
I’ll drive you back to your home.It’s no bother.
我会开车把你送回家。举手之劳。
The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
(2020江苏卷,阅读理解D)
我们知道什么和不知道什么这个问题一直困扰着我。
He never bothers about his breakfast and he’ll eat what is left over yesterday.
他从不为他的早餐费心,昨天剩什么他就吃什么。
[备用例句]
①Don’t always bother him about such little bits.
别老是为这些小事麻烦他。
②It bothers me to find that my son has been addicted to playing computer
games.
使我苦恼的是,我发现儿子沉迷于网络游戏。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I don’t want to put him any bother,so I try doing it by
myself.
② really bothered me that he’d forgotten my birthday.
③Lots of people don’t bother (go) through a marriage ceremony
these days.
to
It
to go
7.It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students
or at home.(教材第44页)
极有可能她与同学或家人发生了很大的冲突。
◆conflict n.矛盾;冲突vi.冲突;抵触
Mary often comes into conflict with her boss.
玛丽经常和她的老板发生争执。
If so,your points of view are bound to be in conflict with his.
如果这样的话,你的观点一定会和他的相冲突。
My interest doesn’t conflict with yours.
我的利益与你们的(利益)并不冲突。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He is so cautious that he tries not to conflict his wife.
②He often comes into conflict his classmates,which annoys his
parents.
③They confused me with (conflict) accounts of what happened.
完成句子
④他们的观点与我们的不一致。
Their views ours.
⑤所以我们总是生活在冲突中。
Therefore we are always living .
with
with
conflicting
conflict
with
in
conflicts
8.Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities...(教
材第44页)
他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动……
◆adjust vt.调整;调节 vi.& vt.适应;(使)习惯
Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge,especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.(2019江苏卷)
调整到直立的位置是一个相当大的挑战,特别是当骨头必须支撑一个超大的头骨时。
He has been forced to adjust his schedule.
他被迫调整了自己的日程安排。
How did you adjust yourself to college life
你是如何适应你的大学生活的
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He stopped to try to adjust his vision the faint starlight.
②Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to (live)
in the mountainous village alone.
③She went through a period of emotional (adjust) after her
marriage broke up.
完成句子
④我们必须尽快适应新生活。
We must the new life as soon as possible.
to
living
adjustment
adjust
ourselves
to
重点句式
1.So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch,it implies he
is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.(教材第44页)
所以,如果一名学生低头看手表,这就表明他觉得无聊,数着时间,只盼早点下课。
◆句中has his head lowered,使用的是have sth.done短语,意为“使……被……”。
I had my watch repaired yesterday.
我昨天让人把我的表维修了。
He had his house burnt down in the fire.
他的房子在大火中被烧光了。
It’s important to have your eyes examined regularly.
定期检查眼睛是非常重要的。
[备用例句]
①These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when
they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in
groundwater.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
其中包括在叶子上印上传感器的植物,当它们缺水时可以显示,以及可以探测地下水中有害
化学物质的植物。
②Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,
and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.
(2020全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解B)
高收入的父母倾向于让孩子更频繁地玩拼图,玩拼图的男孩和女孩都有更好的空间技能。
③I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday.
昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
使役动词have意为“使……;让……”。常用结构如下:
①have sb./sth. doing“让……不停地做……(处于某种状态)”;若用于否定句
中,have表示“容忍;容许”之意。
②have sth.done表示“请某人做某事”或“遭遇到某事”(宾语与宾补为被动
关系)。
③have sb.do“让某人做……”(指一定的、具体的动作),其中do前面不能带to。
另外,have还可以表示“有”,常用于have sth.to do结构,这一结构中have意为
“有”,即“有某事要做”,不定式作定语。主动表被动。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①It is not a good idea to have the machine (run) all the time.
②—Can you go to watch the football match with me tonight
—Sorry,but I have an important meeting (attend).
③I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs .
(take).
④His father won’t have him (drive) his car before 18.
翻译句子
⑤昨天我的钱包被偷了。
running
to attend
taken
driving
Yesterday I had my wallet stolen.
2.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.(教材第44页)
他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
◆as though=as if“似乎;好像”,在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
I always read,using different voices,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!(2020全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解D)
我总是用不同的声音阅读,就好像我在用我的声音表演故事,他们很喜欢!
It sounds as if you have grown apart from Tom.
听起来好像你和汤姆之间产生了隔阂。
[备用例句]
①It looks as though he is familiar with this city.
看起来他好像对这个城市很熟悉。
②She loves the boy as if she were his mother.
她爱这个男孩,好像她是他的母亲一样。
③They talked as though they had received an invitation to dinner.
他们谈起来就像他们收到了晚宴的邀请似的。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
(1)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时,as if从句
要用陈述语气。
(2)当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,从句要
用虚拟语气。
①如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。
②如果从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。
③如果从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it (be) going
to rain.Let’s hurry up.
②He opened his mouth as if he (say) something.
③It looks as if she (be) an angel.
完成句子
④是约翰打破的窗户,你为什么和我说啊 就好像是我做的一样。
It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me .
⑤她看起来好像什么也没有发生过似的。
She looked as if .
is
would say
were
as
if
I
did
it
nothing
had
happened
to
her
长难句分析
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored,or distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(教材第44页)
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
◆句中while引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,相当于though,although。往往放于句首。
语境运用
2.尽管这些服务最终会有多成功还很难说,但显然它们是有市场的。
.
.
3.说起来很简单——“扔掉你的烦恼”,但你我都知道这并不容易。
.
.
单句情境写作
1.尽管创立社交网络很容易,但运营一个大型的社交网络却成本高昂。
.
.
While it is easy to start a social network,it looks expensive to run a big one.
While it is hard to say how successful these services will finally be,there is clearly an appetite for them.
While it is easy to say,“drop your problems”,you and I both know that it is not that simple.
备用讲义
1.They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed
or ashamed.(教材第44页)
他们也会双手捂脸,一副尴尬或羞愧的样子。
(1)embarrassed adj.尴尬的;难堪的
He is embarrassed by the red carpet treatment.
走红地毯的礼遇让他感到很局促。
I was really embarrassed,but then I saw the funny side of it.
我确实感到尴尬,但接着我发现了事情好笑的一面。
She felt embarrassed about breaking the boss’s glass carelessly.
她因不小心打破了老板的玻璃杯而感到尴尬。
[备用例句]
①Do you think she was embarrassed about it
你觉得她为此而难为情吗
②It was so embarrassing having to sing in public.
在众人面前唱歌太令人难为情了。
③To my embarrassment,they all ignored me.
让我难堪的是,他们都不理我。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①To my (embarrass) I was born in the bed with a lady.
②He was very embarrassed (hear) people speak so highly of
him.
③We have all been in similar (embarrass) situations.
完成句子
④I my mistake.
我为自己的错误感到不好意思。
embarrassment
to hear
embarrassing
felt
embarrassed
about
(2)ashamed adj.惭愧;羞愧
I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry.
我对自己发那么大的火而深感惭愧。
I feel quite ashamed that I have not fulfilled the task.
我没有完成任务,感到很惭愧。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①She was ashamed (ask) such a simple question.
②It is shame that you have missed the nice beginning of the
film.
完成句子
③他因在考试中作弊而感到羞愧,决定再也不做这样的事情了。
He cheating in the exam,and determined
never to do such things again.
④真遗憾你住那么远,否则我们就可以经常见面了。
you live at such a distance;
otherwise we could see each other often.
to ask
a
was
ashamed
of
It’s
a
shame
that
They reacted violently to the news.
他们对这条新闻反应强烈。
How did he react to your suggestion
他对你的建议反应怎么样
React with love.It’s the best solution.
用爱心来处理这些事。这是最好的解决办法。
2.Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher.
(教材第44页)
对肢体语言作出反应是教师职责的重要组成部分。
◆react vi.(对……)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He didn’t react my questions.
②What’s his (react) to your suggestions
完成句子
③每个人都会犯错,而真正的考验是你对错误的反应如何。
Everyone makes mistakes,but the real test is .
.
④化学老师向我们展示铁是如何与空气、水发生反应的。
The chemistry teacher shows us how iron air and
water.
to
reaction
how
you
react
to
that
reacts
with
写作专项指导
Write a passage about body language
文本解读
1.文本类型:说明文。
2.要点内容:不同的肢体语言所代表的含义。
思路指引
实用表达
常用短语:
1.be honoured to be invited to 很荣幸被邀请
2.to be appropriate 合适的
3.ask for your advice 寻求你的建议
4.obey the rules 遵守规则
5.dress up 穿着打扮
6.the best time to arrive 到达的最佳时间
7.looking forward to 期盼
亮点句式:
(1)描述细节
1.The man’s eyes seem to be fixed on something and he frowns.
这个人眼睛似乎在盯着什么东西,皱着眉。
2.He puts one hand on his chin,covering his mouth and nose.
他一只手放在下巴上,遮住嘴和鼻子。
3.He puts the other hand under the elbow of the arm as if holding his
breath.
他把另一只手放在这只胳膊肘下,好像正屏住呼吸。
4.The boy poses to stare at somebody in the distance,smiling slightly.
男孩摆出姿势,凝视着远处的某个人,微微一笑。
(2)描述推测
1.The man’s eyes seem to be fixed on something.
这个人的眼睛似乎在盯着什么东西。
2....as if holding his breath.
……像是正屏住呼吸。
3.It often means he is stuck in a problem.
这往往意味着他遇到了问题。
4.You can be seen as a rude intruder.
你会被认为是一个无礼的闯入者。
5.We can make inferences from the gesture that he approves of what the
person has done greatly.
我们可以从这个手势中推断出,他非常赞同那个人所做的事情。
佳作建构
在日常生活中,我们可以同时用话语和肢体语言来表达我们的想法以及与他人交流。那么,你知道右边这幅图中的肢体语言代表什么意思吗 请用英语描述图片,并谈一谈你对肢体语言的认识。词数80左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. n.交流;相互影响
2. vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过
3. vt.表现;表达;说明;证明
4. n.手势;姿势;姿态
5. vt.使用;应用;雇用
6. vt.把……理解(解释)为
vi.&vt.口译
7. adv.略微;稍微
8. adj.内部的;里面的
interaction
approve
demonstrate
gesture
employ
interpret
slightly
internal
9. n.故作姿态;(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势
10. vt.揭示;显示;露出
11. n.胸部;胸膛
12. vi.盯着看;凝视 n.凝视
13. 换句话说;也就是说
14. 直起来;整理;收拾整齐
15. 推理;推断
pose
reveal
chest
stare
in other words
straighten up
make inferences
vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
1.人们可以使用语言和肢体语言来表达自己的想法或观点,在日常生活中与他人进
行互动。
People can employ both words and body language to demonstrate their thoughts or opinions and make interaction with other people in their daily life.
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
完成句子
2.不同的肢体语言有不同的含义。
Different body languages have different meanings.
3.例如,在这幅画中,男孩摆出凝视远方某人的姿势,并微微一笑。
For example,in the picture the boy poses to stare at somebody in the distance and smiles slightly.
4.与此同时,他直起身子,伸出一只手臂,在胸前竖起大拇指。
5.我们可以从这个手势中推断出,他非常赞同那个人所做的事情。换句话说,他很满意。
In the meantime,he straightens up,puts one arm and gives a thumbs-up sign before his chest.
We can make inferences from the gesture that he approves of what the person has done greatly.In other words,he is very satisfied.
6.某种外在的肢体语言往往揭示了一个人的内心想法。
Some kind of external body language often reveals a person’s internal thoughts.
7.理解一个人的肢体语言对人们相处是非常重要的。
Understanding a person’s body language is very important for people to get along with each other.
亮点提升
1.用现在分词作状语升级第3句。
For example,in the picture the boy poses to stare at somebody in the distance,smiling slightly.
2.用with复合结构升级第4句。
3.用so将第6句和第7句合并为并列句。
In the meantime,he straightens up and puts one arm before his chest with his thumb up.
Some kind of external body language often reveals a person’s internal thoughts,so understanding a person’s body language is very important for people to get along with each other.
范文展示
People can employ both words and body language to demonstrate their thoughts or opinions and make interaction with other people in their daily life.Surely,
body language will make their words come to life.
Different body languages have different meanings.For example,in the picture the boy poses to stare at somebody in the distance,smiling slightly.In the meantime,he straightens up and puts one arm before his chest with his thumb up.We can make inferences from the gesture that he approves of what the person has done greatly.In other words,he is very satisfied.
Some kind of external body language often reveals a person’s internal thoughts,so understanding a person’s body language is very important for people to get along with each other.
写作练习
假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Peter作为交换生下学期将到你校学习。他发来电子邮件向你询问中国人在日常生活中常用的一些肢体语言,请用英语给他回信。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Peter,
Best wishes,
Li Hua
写作指导
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to hear you’ll come to our school as an exchange student next term.Since you want to learn about Chinese body language in our daily life,let me tell you some.
We usually greet each other with head nodding,smiling,hand shaking and so on.During the conversation,it’s good manners to have eye contact instead of staring directly at others.In class,students are required to raise their hands if they have any questions.Moreover,it’s common to see youth hold hands or hug in public places.
I hope my introduction can be of some help to you.Whenever necessary,I’m always here to give you a hand.Looking forward to your arrival.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.If you are worried about your health,share your (anxiety)
with your doctor.
2.Please state your name,age and (occupy).
3.There is a growing (tend) to regard money more highly than
the quality of life.
4.We live in the age of (distract).
5.I think grey hair makes you look very (distinguish).
anxieties
occupation
tendency
distraction
distinguished
6.That was an (embarrassed) situation for me.
7.I’ve made a few (adjust) to the design.
8.What was his (react) to the news
9.She was deeply ashamed her behaviour at the dancing party.
10.We think that we will be adjusted the new environment as
soon as possible.
embarrassing
adjustments
reaction
of
to
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.他对自己的身高感到难为情。
He felt embarrassed about his height.
2.明天那个时候我可以拜访你吗
May I call on you at that time tomorrow
3.在一天忙碌的工作之后,他需要放松一下。
He needed to relax after a busy day at work.
4.换句话说,你被如何对待完全取决于他们,而不是你自己。
In other words,how you are treated all depends on them,not you.
5.看起来要下雪了。
It looks as if it’s going to snow.
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读
The police often turn to lie detector (探测器) tests during criminal investigations (调查).But the test results are not always correct.When the police asked a person questions which was important to a criminal case,a fast heartbeat or sweaty hands might make a nervous truth-teller appear to be lying.And,an experienced liar might be able to control those signs and avoid suspicion (怀疑).
Our eyes look at a familiar face differently than they look at an unfamiliar one.When people look at unfamiliar faces,their eyes usually move from one feature,like the shape of the nose,to other features.Their eyes stop quickly as they try to identify the unknown person.When looking at a familiar face,people usually direct their attention to just a few features.But the researchers want to know if people could change those when they are hiding the truth.
The researchers showed 48 students pictures of both strangers and professors they knew.They asked all of the students to try to appear honest while they were lying about recognising familiar faces.The researchers told some students to stop in the same areas when they were looking at both familiar and unfamiliar faces.Their eyes would start on the person’s forehead.Next,they looked at each eye,and then moved from one ear to the other,then down to the nose,mouth and chin.
In most cases,the students who tried to hide their recognition were not able to do so.When they looked at a familiar face,their eyes still had fewer stops in the inner parts of the face.Alisa Millen,a psychology researcher at the University of Stirling,said hiding markers for facial recognition in eye movements was difficult,especially if you knew that person well.She added the more the students tried to hide recognition of a face,the more obvious it was.Millen hopes that the findings can someday be used in law enforcement(执法).She believes such knowledge could help investigators have a clearer understanding of who is connected to whom in a criminal case.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍通过研究人们识别面孔时眼球的运动可以判定一个人是否在说谎。阅读本文有利于提高学生的观察判断能力。
1.While looking at unfamiliar faces,our eyes usually .
A.view more facial features with stops
B.make indirect contact with them
C.notice familiar features first
D.focus on their eye movements
答案及剖析:
1.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“When people look at unfamiliar faces,their eyes...identify the unknown person.”可知,当看到一张不熟悉的面孔时,人们的视线会在对方的各个面部器官上短暂停留,查看对方更多的面部器官。A项符合题意,故选A项。
2.What method did the participants in the study use to hide their
recognition
A.To stop their eyes occasionally.
B.To fix their eyes on one facial feature.
C.To have longer stops on unfamiliar faces.
D.To observe facial features in a certain order.
答案及剖析:
2.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“The researchers told some students to stop...then down to the nose,mouth and chin.”可知,实验参与者按照特定的顺序观察熟人和陌生人的面部特征。D项符合题意,故选D项。
3.What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A.The students in the study are good liars.
B.The findings are widely used by the police.
C.It’s difficult for students to hide their true thoughts.
D.It’s reliable to see if someone is lying by their eye movements.
答案及剖析:
3.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段中的“When they looked at a familiar face,their eyes...especially if you knew that person well.”可推断出,隐藏识别面孔的眼球运动十分困难,通过眼球运动来判断一个人是否说谎是可靠的。故选D项。
4.What is Alisa Millen’s attitude towards the application of the
findings
A.Positive. B.Doubtful.
C.Confused. D.Negative.
答案及剖析:
4.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“She believes such knowledge...connected to whom in a criminal case.”可知,Alisa相信这项研究结果会对执法人员追踪犯罪有所帮助,故她对其应用前景是持支持的态度,对前景是积极乐观的。A项符合题意,故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Hansen and his 10-year-old son Chase search the streets of Salt Lake City every weekend for the homeless to take to lunch.They started Project Empathy (同理心) four years ago to 1 a meal,listen to their stories and figure out how they could 2 help.
“Just start with a smile,a hello.It really just starts with that.If you do it,you can make a connection.A small gesture can have a 3 impact on others less fortunate,”Hansen 4 in an interview.
Some of these shared meals have turned into stronger 5 .Ward,a homeless,was 6 in a flat.He credited the Hansens with helping him 7 the difficult process of moving off the streets.“It is great to have friends who make us feel 8 and I’m impressed with the pair,”Ward said.
Father and son’s 9 have developed into a passion project that 10 faith and community,which emphasizes the 11 community members can have in uplifting the homeless.They know they can’t settle the homeless 12 alone.They’re hoping empathy will 13 .
“My hope for the future is to 14 more connection across our country.We could and we will succeed 15 we have other people join in and help the homeless,”Chase said.
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了汉森父子成立“同理心”项目帮助无家可归者的故事。阅读本文有利于培养学生乐于助人的品质,提高学生的社会责任感。
[文章脉络]
1.A.buy B.cook
C.share D.eat
2.A.often B.further
C.also D.even
3.A.dramatic B.different
C.minimum D.decisive
答案及剖析:
1.C 根据下文的“Some of these shared meals have turned into stronger 5 .”可知,此处用“共享”符合语境,share是词汇复现。
2.B 结合上下文可知,此处是指除了给那些无家可归的人分享食物和听他们讲述自己的事情外,父子俩如何为他们提供进一步的帮助。
3.A 根据后文的描述,并结合此处与前文的“small”可知,表达小小的举动却能产生大大的影响。
4.A.commented B.praised
C.joked D.quoted
5.A.desires B.connections
C.motivations D.opinions
6.A.provided B.permitted
C.abandoned D.housed
答案及剖析:
4.A 此处引用了汉森采访时说的一句话,故用“commented”符合语境。
5.B 根据上文的“If you do it,you can make a connection.”可知,此处是信息词“connection”的词汇复现。
6.D 根据“in a flat”可知,此处是指汉森父子给沃德提供了一间公寓用来居住。
7.A.through B.for
C.despite D.to
8.A.surprised B.anxious
C.awesome D.annoyed
9.A.dreams B.influences
C.experiences D.efforts
答案及剖析:
7.A 结合下文的“the difficult process”可知,此处“through”符合语境。
8.C 结合上下文可知,汉森父子帮助无家可归的人,和他们共享食物,给他们提供住所等,这让他们感觉非常好。
9.D 此处是指父子俩为了帮助无家可归的人付出的努力,影响了周围的人。
10.A.assesses B.compares
C.highlights D.respects
11.A.importance B.task
C.chance D.role
12.A.argument B.problem
C.debt D.conflict
答案及剖析:
10.C 根据下文的“which emphasizes the 11 community members can have in uplifting the homeless”可知,此处“highlight”和“emphasize”是同义词,符合语境。
11.D 此处是指社区的每个成员都可以帮助无家可归的人,即每个人都可以充当帮助别人的角色。
12.B 根据常识可知,无家可归是一个社会问题。
13.A.go away B.catch on
C.work out D.give off
14.A.spread B.miss
C.exchange D.maintain
15.A.before B.until
C.if D.so
答案及剖析:
13.B 根据上文的“They know they can’t settle the homeless 12 alone.”可推知,他们希望“同理心”这个项目可以流行起来,这样可以让更多的人来帮助无家可归者。
14.A 根据下文的“across our country”可知,此处用“传播”符合语境。
15.C 结合前后文语境可知,此处应用if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。
点击进入 核心素养提升Part 2 Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
1.主题语境:人与社会——课堂里的肢体语言。
2.语篇类型:议论文。
3.课文内容分析:
文章以一位老师自述的口吻描写了他(她)在课堂中观察到的学生的肢体语言。通过观察学生的行为特征和自然流露的肢体语言,可以较为准确地判断学生的精神状态。通过阅读本文,可以帮助学生更加积极地看待老师的工作和付出,进而师生共同努力,营造相互信任、充满正能量的教学氛围。
答案:1.their body language 2.look at 3.anywhere 4.harder 5.helpful
1.People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.(教材第44页)
人们在对某个事物感兴趣时,往往会身体前倾。
◆tendency n.倾向;趋势
I have a tendency to talk too much when I’m nervous.
当我紧张时容易说太多话。
We have a tendency to think that everything is about us.
我们有一种倾向,认为所有事都要围着我们转。
We all tend to like those similar to us.
我们都倾向于喜欢那些与我们相像的人。
[备用例句]
①Nowadays many people have a tendency to give up smoking due to its bad effects.
由于吸烟有不良影响,现如今许多人倾向于戒烟。
②There is a tendency for unemployment to rise in summer.
夏季的失业率有上升的趋势。
③They have created a strong tendency toward total digitalization in equipment.
它们创造了设备全面数字化的强大趋势。
单句语法填空
①Readers tended (share) articles that were exciting or funny.
②He has a (tend) to forget things.
完成句子
③人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。
There is a growing tendency at home instead of in offices.
④我往往更喜欢在海滨度假。
I prefer to have a holiday at the seaside.
答案:①to share ②tendency ③for people to work ④tend to
2.With their chins on their hands,they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.(教材第44页)
他们托着下巴,全神贯注地盯着窗外或天花板。
(1)occupy vt.占用;占据
She was occupied with her work,without noticing evening approaching.
她在忙她的工作,没有注意到夜幕降临。
How long has Mark been occupied in writing his new book
马克专心写他的新书有多久了
[备用例句]
①She was occupied with the cleaning of the big house.
她正在忙于打扫那幢大房子。
②Later I went to a café to have lunch,but all the tables were occupied.
随后我来到一家咖啡屋吃午餐,但桌子全都有人了。
③You may turn to food for comfort—conciously or unconsciously—when you’re facing a difficult problem,stress or just looking to keep yourself occupied.
当你面对困难的问题,压力或者只是让自己忙着,你可能会有意无意地借助食物寻求慰藉。
“忙于(做)某事”的其他表达有:be busy/engaged with sth.,be busy/engaged (in) doing sth.等。
单句语法填空
①You can imagine how fully (occupy) I became,raising four boys under the age of eight!
②You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth and (occupy).
句型转换
③I have been so busy with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
→I have been so work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
答案:①occupied ②occupation ③occupied with
(2)stare vi.盯着看;凝视 n.凝视
She sat and stared at the letter in front of her.
她坐在那儿,凝视着她面前的那封信。
She stared out of the window,lost in a daydream.
她凝视窗外,沉浸在幻想之中。
[备用例句]
①Why are you staring at me
你为什么盯着我
②The child stared the stranger up and down.
那孩子上下打量着这个陌生人。
③The facts stare us in the face.
事实明摆在我们面前。
表示“看”的短语:①glare at 怒视 ②glance at 瞥一眼 ③glimpse at 瞥见 ④look at 看一看
⑤fix one’s eyes on 盯着看 ⑥catch sight of 看见
单句语法填空
①She stared us with unbelieving eyes.
②The mistakes of the past stare us the face.
完成句子
③孩子们喜欢玩一种天真可笑的比赛,他们互相对视,看谁把对方压倒。
Children enjoy a silly competition in which they try to .
④男孩盯着天空,想知道宇宙是怎么形成的。
The boy ,wondering how the universe came into being.
答案:①at ②in ③stare each other down
④stared at the sky
3.While it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored,or distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(教材第44页)
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
(1)perceive vt.察觉;看待;理解
She perceived that all was not well.
她意识到并非一切顺利。
These movies were not only making money, they were also perceived to be original.
这些电影不仅赚钱,而且被认为是原创的。
[备用例句]
①People tend to perceive television as entertainment.
人们倾向于将电视视为娱乐。
②I can’t perceive any difference between these coins.
我看不出这些硬币之间有任何区别。
单句语法填空
①New technology was perceived (be) a threat to employment.
②They perceived the enemy was trying to wear down their resistance.
完成句子
③小偷被看到溜进了房间。
The thief .
④我意识到我不能使她改变主意。
I perceived that .
答案:①to be ②that ③was perceived to steal into the house ④I could not make her change her mind
(2)distinguish vi.& vt.区分;辨别
Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to distinguish.
有时候现实和幻想很难区分。
She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.
作为一名运动员她已享有盛名。
You are old enough to distinguish fact from fantasy.
你年纪已经足够大,能分清事实和幻想了。
[备用例句]
①Over the next few years he distinguished himself as a leading constitutional scholar.
在随后的几年中,他作为宪法学的权威学者而享有盛誉。
②He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.
他以其经济学方面的知识而闻名。
③They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.
他们甚至能辨别出妈妈的声音和一个陌生女人的声音的不同。
单句语法填空
①There is something about music that distinguishes it all other art forms.
②He could not distinguish between cotton wool.
③My brother is a most (distinguish) man—a great actor.
④Colour blind people often find it difficult to distinguish blue and green.
完成句子
⑤她以清晰地表达她的思想的能力而著称。
She her ability to make her ideas clear.
答案:①from ②and ③distinguished
④between ⑤was distinguished for
4.Students who are angry,afraid,or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed,like they are guarding their bodies.(教材第44页)
愤怒、害怕或焦虑的学生会双臂交叉放在胸前,双腿并拢或交叉,像是在保护自己的身体。
◆anxiety n.焦虑;担心;害怕
There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.(2019全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解A)
从一开始尼克和艾米就为争夺你的信任而紧张和焦虑。
Music seemed to quiet her anxiety and loneliness.
音乐似乎能够减轻她的焦虑和孤独。
We waited for news with a growing sense of anxiety.
我们等待着消息,变得越来越焦急。
[备用例句]
①More and more people are anxious about/for the quality of the air.
越来越多的人担心空气的质量。
②I knew I had a role in it,so I was anxious to learn my dialogue.
我知道我在其中有个角色,因此我很紧张去记住我的对白。
在句式be anxious that...中,that从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
单句语法填空
①I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule,or social (anxious) around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.
②She was anxious (know) what had happened.
③He (anxious) searched for his name on the list.
完成句子
④妈妈很担心她的孩子。
Mother her children.
⑤全国上下都渴望和平。
The whole country peace.
答案:①anxiety ②to know ③anxiously ④was anxious for ⑤was anxiety for
5.Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.(教材第44页)
有些学生这副模样,只是因为他们害怕老师提问。
◆call on (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请
I will call on you when I am in town.
我到城里之后会去看你。
They call on people to take measures to fight against it.
他们呼吁人们采取措施来抵制它。
Mary is shy and she is afraid of being called on in class.
玛丽害羞,害怕在课堂上被提问。
call on/upon后面接表示“人”的名词,而call at后面接表示“地点”的名词。
单句语法填空
①I now call the chairman to address the meeting.
②I had no time to call the place where he was working.
③The director has just called to say that she’ll be late.
完成句子
④很多专家被请来提建议。
Many experts have been for advice.
⑤因为天气恶劣,比赛被取消了。
The game was because of the bad weather.
答案:①on/upon ②at ③up ④called in
⑤called off
6.However,if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping,then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.(教材第44页)
但是,要是学生都懒得梳头,并且两眼因哭泣而发红,那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。
◆bother vi.& vt.费心;麻烦;因……操心 n.麻烦;不便
I’ll drive you back to your home.It’s no bother.
我会开车把你送回家。举手之劳。
The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.(2020江苏卷,阅读理解D)
我们知道什么和不知道什么这个问题一直困扰着我。
He never bothers about his breakfast and he’ll eat what is left over yesterday.
他从不为他的早餐费心,昨天剩什么他就吃什么。
[备用例句]
①Don’t always bother him about such little bits.
别老是为这些小事麻烦他。
②It bothers me to find that my son has been addicted to playing computer games.
使我苦恼的是,我发现儿子沉迷于网络游戏。
单句语法填空
①I don’t want to put him any bother,so I try doing it by myself.
② really bothered me that he’d forgotten my birthday.
③Lots of people don’t bother (go) through a marriage ceremony these days.
答案:①to ②It ③to go
7.It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.(教材第44页)
极有可能她与同学或家人发生了很大的冲突。
◆conflict n.矛盾;冲突vi.冲突;抵触
Mary often comes into conflict with her boss.
玛丽经常和她的老板发生争执。
If so,your points of view are bound to be in conflict with his.
如果这样的话,你的观点一定会和他的相冲突。
My interest doesn’t conflict with yours.
我的利益与你们的(利益)并不冲突。
单句语法填空
①He is so cautious that he tries not to conflict his wife.
②He often comes into conflict his classmates,which annoys his parents.
③They confused me with (conflict) accounts of what happened.
完成句子
④他们的观点与我们的不一致。
Their views ours.
⑤所以我们总是生活在冲突中。
Therefore we are always living
.
答案:①with ②with ③conflicting ④conflict with
⑤in conflicts
8.Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities...(教材第44页)
他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动……
◆adjust vt.调整;调节 vi.& vt.适应;(使)习惯
Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge,especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.(2019江苏卷)
调整到直立的位置是一个相当大的挑战,特别是当骨头必须支撑一个超大的头骨时。
He has been forced to adjust his schedule.
他被迫调整了自己的日程安排。
How did you adjust yourself to college life
你是如何适应你的大学生活的
单句语法填空
①He stopped to try to adjust his vision the faint starlight.
②Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to (live) in the mountainous village alone.
③She went through a period of emotional (adjust) after her marriage broke up.
完成句子
④我们必须尽快适应新生活。
We must the new life as soon as possible.
答案:①to ②living ③adjustment ④adjust ourselves to
1.So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch,it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.(教材第44页)
所以,如果一名学生低头看手表,这就表明他觉得无聊,数着时间,只盼早点下课。
◆句中has his head lowered,使用的是have sth.done短语,意为“使……被……”。
I had my watch repaired yesterday.
我昨天让人把我的表维修了。
He had his house burnt down in the fire.
他的房子在大火中被烧光了。
It’s important to have your eyes examined regularly.
定期检查眼睛是非常重要的。
[备用例句]
①These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D)
其中包括在叶子上印上传感器的植物,当它们缺水时可以显示,以及可以探测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。
②Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.(2020全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解B)
高收入的父母倾向于让孩子更频繁地玩拼图,玩拼图的男孩和女孩都有更好的空间技能。
③I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday.
昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。
使役动词have意为“使……;让……”。常用结构如下:
①have sb./sth. doing“让……不停地做……(处于某种状态)”;若用于否定句中,have表示“容忍;容许”之意。
②have sth.done表示“请某人做某事”或“遭遇到某事”(宾语与宾补为被动关系)。
③have sb.do“让某人做……”(指一定的、具体的动作),其中do前面不能带to。
另外,have还可以表示“有”,常用于have sth.to do结构,这一结构中have意为“有”,即“有某事要做”,不定式作定语。主动表被动。
单句语法填空
①It is not a good idea to have the machine (run) all the time.
②—Can you go to watch the football match with me tonight
—Sorry,but I have an important meeting (attend).
③I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs (take).
④His father won’t have him (drive) his car before 18.
翻译句子
⑤昨天我的钱包被偷了。
答案:①running ②to attend ③taken
④driving ⑤Yesterday I had my wallet stolen.
2.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.(教材第44页)
他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
◆as though=as if“似乎;好像”,在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
I always read,using different voices,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!(2020全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解D)
我总是用不同的声音阅读,就好像我在用我的声音表演故事,他们很喜欢!
It sounds as if you have grown apart from Tom.
听起来好像你和汤姆之间产生了隔阂。
[备用例句]
①It looks as though he is familiar with this city.
看起来他好像对这个城市很熟悉。
②She loves the boy as if she were his mother.
她爱这个男孩,好像她是他的母亲一样。
③They talked as though they had received an invitation to dinner.
他们谈起来就像他们收到了晚宴的邀请似的。
(1)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时,as if从句要用陈述语气。
(2)当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,从句要用虚拟语气。
①如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。
②如果从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。
③如果从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
单句语法填空
①Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it (be) going to rain.Let’s hurry up.
②He opened his mouth as if he (say) something.
③It looks as if she (be) an angel.
完成句子
④是约翰打破的窗户,你为什么和我说啊 就好像是我做的一样。
It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me
⑤她看起来好像什么也没有发生过似的。
She looked as if .
答案:①is ②would say ③were ④as if I did it ⑤nothing had happened to her
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored,or distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(教材第44页)
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的,但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
◆句中while引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,相当于though,although。往往放于句首。
单句情境写作
1.尽管创立社交网络很容易,但运营一个大型的社交网络却成本高昂。
2.尽管这些服务最终会有多成功还很难说,但显然它们是有市场的。
3.说起来很简单——“扔掉你的烦恼”,但你我都知道这并不容易。
答案:1.While it is easy to start a social network,it looks expensive to run a big one.
2.While it is hard to say how successful these services will finally be,there is clearly an appetite for them.
3.While it is easy to say,“drop your problems”,you and I both know that it is not that simple.
1.They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.(教材第44页)
他们也会双手捂脸,一副尴尬或羞愧的样子。
(1)embarrassed adj.尴尬的;难堪的
He is embarrassed by the red carpet treatment.
走红地毯的礼遇让他感到很局促。
I was really embarrassed,but then I saw the funny side of it.
我确实感到尴尬,但接着我发现了事情好笑的一面。
She felt embarrassed about breaking the boss’s glass carelessly.
她因不小心打破了老板的玻璃杯而感到尴尬。
[备用例句]
①Do you think she was embarrassed about it
你觉得她为此而难为情吗
②It was so embarrassing having to sing in public.
在众人面前唱歌太令人难为情了。
③To my embarrassment,they all ignored me.
让我难堪的是,他们都不理我。
单句语法填空
①To my (embarrass) I was born in the bed with a lady.
②He was very embarrassed (hear) people speak so highly of him.
③We have all been in similar (embarrass) situations.
完成句子
④I my mistake.
我为自己的错误感到不好意思。
答案:①embarrassment ②to hear ③embarrassing ④felt embarrassed about
(2)ashamed adj.惭愧;羞愧
I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry.
我对自己发那么大的火而深感惭愧。
I feel quite ashamed that I have not fulfilled the task.
我没有完成任务,感到很惭愧。
单句语法填空
①She was ashamed (ask) such a simple question.
②It is shame that you have missed the nice beginning of the film.
完成句子
③他因在考试中作弊而感到羞愧,决定再也不做这样的事情了。
He cheating in the exam,and determined never to do such things again.
④真遗憾你住那么远,否则我们就可以经常见面了。
you live at such a distance; otherwise we could see each other often.
答案:①to ask ②a ③was ashamed of ④It’s a shame that
2.Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher.(教材第44页)
对肢体语言作出反应是教师职责的重要组成部分。
◆react vi.(对……)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应
They reacted violently to the news.
他们对这条新闻反应强烈。
How did he react to your suggestion
他对你的建议反应怎么样
React with love.It’s the best solution.
用爱心来处理这些事。这是最好的解决办法。
单句语法填空
①He didn’t react my questions.
②What’s his (react) to your suggestions
完成句子
③每个人都会犯错,而真正的考验是你对错误的反应如何。
Everyone makes mistakes,but the real test is .
④化学老师向我们展示铁是如何与空气、水发生反应的。
The chemistry teacher shows us how iron air and water.
答案:①to ②reaction ③how you react to that ④reacts with
Write a passage about body language
1.文本类型:说明文。
2.要点内容:不同的肢体语言所代表的含义。
常用短语:
1.be honoured to be invited to 很荣幸被邀请
2.to be appropriate 合适的
3.ask for your advice 寻求你的建议
4.obey the rules 遵守规则
5.dress up 穿着打扮
6.the best time to arrive 到达的最佳时间
7.looking forward to 期盼
亮点句式:
(1)描述细节
1.The man’s eyes seem to be fixed on something and he frowns.
这个人眼睛似乎在盯着什么东西,皱着眉。
2.He puts one hand on his chin,covering his mouth and nose.
他一只手放在下巴上,遮住嘴和鼻子。
3.He puts the other hand under the elbow of the arm as if holding his breath.
他把另一只手放在这只胳膊肘下,好像正屏住呼吸。
4.The boy poses to stare at somebody in the distance,smiling slightly.
男孩摆出姿势,凝视着远处的某个人,微微一笑。
(2)描述推测
1.The man’s eyes seem to be fixed on something.
这个人的眼睛似乎在盯着什么东西。
2....as if holding his breath.
……像是正屏住呼吸。
3.It often means he is stuck in a problem.
这往往意味着他遇到了问题。
4.You can be seen as a rude intruder.
你会被认为是一个无礼的闯入者。
5.We can make inferences from the gesture that he approves of what the person has done greatly.
我们可以从这个手势中推断出,他非常赞同那个人所做的事情。
在日常生活中,我们可以同时用话语和肢体语言来表达我们的想法以及与他人交流。那么,你知道右边这幅图中的肢体语言代表什么意思吗 请用英语描述图片,并谈一谈你对肢体语言的认识。词数80左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. n.交流;相互影响
2. vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过
3. vt.表现;表达;说明;证明
4. n.手势;姿势;姿态
5. vt.使用;应用;雇用
6. vt.把……理解(解释)为
vi.&vt.口译
7. adv.略微;稍微
8. adj.内部的;里面的
9. n.故作姿态;(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
10. vt.揭示;显示;露出
11. n.胸部;胸膛
12. vi.盯着看;凝视 n.凝视
13. 换句话说;也就是说
14. 直起来;整理;收拾整齐
15. 推理;推断
答案:1.interaction 2.approve 3.demonstrate 4.gesture 5.employ 6.interpret
7.slightly 8.internal 9.pose 10.reveal
11.chest 12.stare 13.in other words
14.straighten up 15.make inferences
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
完成句子
1.人们可以使用语言和肢体语言来表达自己的想法或观点,在日常生活中与他人进行互动。
2.不同的肢体语言有不同的含义。
3.例如,在这幅画中,男孩摆出凝视远方某人的姿势,并微微一笑。
4.与此同时,他直起身子,伸出一只手臂,在胸前竖起大拇指。
5.我们可以从这个手势中推断出,他非常赞同那个人所做的事情。换句话说,他很满意。
6.某种外在的肢体语言往往揭示了一个人的内心想法。
7.理解一个人的肢体语言对人们相处是非常重要的。
答案:1.People can employ both words and body language to demonstrate their thoughts or opinions and make interaction with other people in their daily life.
2.Different body languages have different meanings.
3.For example,in the picture the boy poses to stare at somebody in the distance and smiles slightly.
4.In the meantime,he straightens up,puts one arm and gives a thumbs-up sign before his chest.
5.We can make inferences from the gesture that he approves of what the person has done greatly.In other words,he is very satisfied.
6.Some kind of external body language often reveals a person’s internal thoughts.
7.Understanding a person’s body language is very important for people to get along with each other.
1.用现在分词作状语升级第3句。
2.用with复合结构升级第4句。
3.用so将第6句和第7句合并为并列句。
答案:1.For example,in the picture the boy poses to stare at somebody in the distance,smiling slightly.
2.In the meantime,he straightens up and puts one arm before his chest with his thumb up.
3.Some kind of external body language often reveals a person’s internal thoughts,so understanding a person’s body language is very important for people to get along with each other.
People can employ both words and body language to demonstrate their thoughts or opinions and make interaction with other people in their daily life.Surely,body language will make their words come to life.
Different body languages have different meanings.For example,in the picture the boy poses to stare at somebody in the distance,smiling slightly.In the meantime,he straightens up and puts one arm before his chest with his thumb up.We can make inferences from the gesture that he approves of what the person has done greatly.In other words,he is very satisfied.
Some kind of external body language often reveals a person’s internal thoughts,so understanding a person’s body language is very important for people to get along with each other.
假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Peter作为交换生下学期将到你校学习。他发来电子邮件向你询问中国人在日常生活中常用的一些肢体语言,请用英语给他回信。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Peter,
Best wishes,
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to hear you’ll come to our school as an exchange student next term.Since you want to learn about Chinese body language in our daily life,let me tell you some.
We usually greet each other with head nodding,smiling,hand shaking and so on.During the conversation,it’s good manners to have eye contact instead of staring directly at others.In class,students are required to raise their hands if they have any questions.Moreover,it’s common to see youth hold hands or hug in public places.
I hope my introduction can be of some help to you.Whenever necessary,I’m always here to give you a hand.Looking forward to your arrival.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
课时作业(八) UNIT 4 Part 2
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.If you are worried about your health,share your (anxiety) with your doctor.
2.Please state your name,age and (occupy).
3.There is a growing (tend) to regard money more highly than the quality of life.
4.We live in the age of (distract).
5.I think grey hair makes you look very (distinguish).
6.That was an (embarrassed) situation for me.
7.I’ve made a few (adjust) to the design.
8.What was his (react) to the news
9.She was deeply ashamed her behaviour at the dancing party.
10.We think that we will be adjusted the new environment as soon as possible.
答案:1.anxieties 2.occupation 3.tendency 4.distraction 5.distinguished 6.embarrassing
7.adjustments 8.reaction 9.of 10.to
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.他对自己的身高感到难为情。
2.明天那个时候我可以拜访你吗
3.在一天忙碌的工作之后,他需要放松一下。
4.换句话说,你被如何对待完全取决于他们,而不是你自己。
5.看起来要下雪了。
答案:1.He felt embarrassed about his height.
2.May I call on you at that time tomorrow
3.He needed to relax after a busy day at work.
4.In other words,how you are treated all depends on them,not you.
5.It looks as if it’s going to snow.
Ⅰ.阅读
The police often turn to lie detector (探测器) tests during criminal investigations (调查).But the test results are not always correct.When the police asked a person questions which was important to a criminal case,a fast heartbeat or sweaty hands might make a nervous truth-teller appear to be lying.And,an experienced liar might be able to control those signs and avoid suspicion (怀疑).
Our eyes look at a familiar face differently than they look at an unfamiliar one.When people look at unfamiliar faces,their eyes usually move from one feature,like the shape of the nose,to other features.Their eyes stop quickly as they try to identify the unknown person.When looking at a familiar face,people usually direct their attention to just a few features.But the researchers want to know if people could change those when they are hiding the truth.
The researchers showed 48 students pictures of both strangers and professors they knew.They asked all of the students to try to appear honest while they were lying about recognising familiar faces.The researchers told some students to stop in the same areas when they were looking at both familiar and unfamiliar faces.Their eyes would start on the person’s forehead.Next,they looked at each eye,and then moved from one ear to the other,then down to the nose,mouth and chin.
In most cases,the students who tried to hide their recognition were not able to do so.When they looked at a familiar face,their eyes still had fewer stops in the inner parts of the face.Alisa Millen,a psychology researcher at the University of Stirling,said hiding markers for facial recognition in eye movements was difficult,especially if you knew that person well.She added the more the students tried to hide recognition of a face,the more obvious it was.Millen hopes that the findings can someday be used in law enforcement(执法).She believes such knowledge could help investigators have a clearer understanding of who is connected to whom in a criminal case.
1.While looking at unfamiliar faces,our eyes usually .
A.view more facial features with stops
B.make indirect contact with them
C.notice familiar features first
D.focus on their eye movements
2.What method did the participants in the study use to hide their recognition
A.To stop their eyes occasionally.
B.To fix their eyes on one facial feature.
C.To have longer stops on unfamiliar faces.
D.To observe facial features in a certain order.
3.What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A.The students in the study are good liars.
B.The findings are widely used by the police.
C.It’s difficult for students to hide their true thoughts.
D.It’s reliable to see if someone is lying by their eye movements.
4.What is Alisa Millen’s attitude towards the application of the findings
A.Positive. B.Doubtful.
C.Confused. D.Negative.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍通过研究人们识别面孔时眼球的运动可以判定一个人是否在说谎。阅读本文有利于提高学生的观察判断能力。
答案及剖析:
1.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“When people look at unfamiliar faces,their eyes...identify the unknown person.”可知,当看到一张不熟悉的面孔时,人们的视线会在对方的各个面部器官上短暂停留,查看对方更多的面部器官。A项符合题意,故选A项。
2.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“The researchers told some students to stop...then down to the nose,mouth and chin.”可知,实验参与者按照特定的顺序观察熟人和陌生人的面部特征。D项符合题意,故选D项。
3.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段中的“When they looked at a familiar face,their eyes...especially if you knew that person well.”可推断出,隐藏识别面孔的眼球运动十分困难,通过眼球运动来判断一个人是否说谎是可靠的。故选D项。
4.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“She believes such knowledge...connected to whom in a criminal case.”可知,Alisa相信这项研究结果会对执法人员追踪犯罪有所帮助,故她对其应用前景是持支持的态度,对前景是积极乐观的。A项符合题意,故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Hansen and his 10-year-old son Chase search the streets of Salt Lake City every weekend for the homeless to take to lunch.They started Project Empathy (同理心) four years ago to 1 a meal,listen to their stories and figure out how they could 2 help.
“Just start with a smile,a hello.It really just starts with that.If you do it,you can make a connection.A small gesture can have a 3 impact on others less fortunate,”Hansen 4 in an interview.
Some of these shared meals have turned into stronger 5 .Ward,a homeless,was 6 in a flat.He credited the Hansens with helping him 7 the difficult process of moving off the streets.“It is great to have friends who make us feel 8 and I’m impressed with the pair,”Ward said.
Father and son’s 9 have developed into a passion project that 10 faith and community,which emphasizes the 11 community members can have in uplifting the homeless.They know they can’t settle the homeless 12 alone.They’re hoping empathy will 13 .
“My hope for the future is to 14 more connection across our country.We could and we will succeed 15 we have other people join in and help the homeless,”Chase said.
1.A.buy B.cook
C.share D.eat
2.A.often B.further
C.also D.even
3.A.dramatic B.different
C.minimum D.decisive
4.A.commented B.praised
C.joked D.quoted
5.A.desires B.connections
C.motivations D.opinions
6.A.provided B.permitted
C.abandoned D.housed
7.A.through B.for
C.despite D.to
8.A.surprised B.anxious
C.awesome D.annoyed
9.A.dreams B.influences
C.experiences D.efforts
10.A.assesses B.compares
C.highlights D.respects
11.A.importance B.task
C.chance D.role
12.A.argument B.problem
C.debt D.conflict
13.A.go away B.catch on
C.work out D.give off
14.A.spread B.miss
C.exchange D.maintain
15.A.before B.until
C.if D.so
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了汉森父子成立“同理心”项目帮助无家可归者的故事。阅读本文有利于培养学生乐于助人的品质,提高学生的社会责任感。
[文章脉络]
答案及剖析:
1.C 根据下文的“Some of these shared meals have turned into stronger 5 .”可知,此处用“共享”符合语境,share是词汇复现。
2.B 结合上下文可知,此处是指除了给那些无家可归的人分享食物和听他们讲述自己的事情外,父子俩如何为他们提供进一步的帮助。
3.A 根据后文的描述,并结合此处与前文的“small”可知,表达小小的举动却能产生大大的影响。
4.A 此处引用了汉森采访时说的一句话,故用“commented”符合语境。
5.B 根据上文的“If you do it,you can make a connection.”可知,此处是信息词“connection”的词汇复现。
6.D 根据“in a flat”可知,此处是指汉森父子给沃德提供了一间公寓用来居住。
7.A 结合下文的“the difficult process”可知,此处“through”符合语境。
8.C 结合上下文可知,汉森父子帮助无家可归的人,和他们共享食物,给他们提供住所等,这让他们感觉非常好。
9.D 此处是指父子俩为了帮助无家可归的人付出的努力,影响了周围的人。
10.C 根据下文的“which emphasizes the 11 community members can have in uplifting the homeless”可知,此处“highlight”和“emphasize”是同义词,符合语境。
11.D 此处是指社区的每个成员都可以帮助无家可归的人,即每个人都可以充当帮助别人的角色。
12.B 根据常识可知,无家可归是一个社会问题。
13.B 根据上文的“They know they can’t settle the homeless 12 alone.”可推知,他们希望“同理心”这个项目可以流行起来,这样可以让更多的人来帮助无家可归者。
14.A 根据下文的“across our country”可知,此处用“传播”符合语境。
15.C 结合前后文语境可知,此处应用if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。
核心素养提升(UNIT 4)
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
高考主播音频
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where are the speakers now ( C )
A.On a plane.
B.At home.
C.In a car.
2.What are the speakers probably talking about ( A )
A.A TV. B.A painting. C.A sofa.
3.What did the woman do yesterday ( B )
A.She went climbing.
B.She went to a party.
C.She went to a music club.
4.What will the speakers do on Saturday ( B )
A.Make a cake.
B.Go to a park.
C.Go to a bakery.
5.What sport does the man like best ( A )
A.Skiing.
B.Ice skating.
C.Skateboarding.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Which type of movie might the speakers see ( C )
A.A comedy.
B.A sad movie.
C.A scary movie.
7.When will the speakers want to see the movie ( A )
A.At 3:00. B.At 8:00. C.At 10:00.
听第7段材料,回答第8~10题。
8.What does the man want the girl to do ( B )
A.Wake up earlier.
B.Eat breakfast earlier.
C.Get ready for school earlier.
9.When did the speakers go out to eat dessert last night ( C )
A.At 8:00 pm.
B.At 9:00 pm.
C.At 10:00 pm.
10.What is the man most concerned about ( A )
A.The girl’s health.
B.The girl’s schoolwork.
C.The girl’s cooking skills.
听第8段材料,回答第11~13题。
11.Where does the man plan to attend college ( C )
A.In America.
B.In Singapore.
C.In England.
12.What does the woman want to do first after graduation ( B )
A.Know some computer scientists.
B.Work for a big company.
C.Teach at a university.
13.Which company does the woman like best ( A )
A.Oracle. B.Microsoft. C.Apple.
听第9段材料,回答第14~17题。
14.Who is the woman ( B )
A.The man’s guide.
B.The man’s co-worker.
C.The man’s Chinese friend.
15.What does the man think of the food in Fujian ( C )
A.It is terrible.
B.It is expensive.
C.It is surprisingly good.
16.When did the man come back ( C )
A.On May 8th.
B.On May 15th.
C.On May 22nd.
17.Why did the man go to Fujian ( A )
A.Becase he wanted to know more about Asian cultures.
B.Becase he had to attend an important meeting there.
C.Becase he was invited by a local friend.
听第10段材料,回答第18~20题。
18.How many countries will students be able to choose from ( B )
A.Three. B.Four. C.Five.
19.What is one of the main goals of the program according to the talk ( A )
A.To help students learn to communicate in a fluent foreign language.
B.To help students become more confident in their future job.
C.To help students meet more people.
20.When will the applications be due ( A )
A.At the end of January.
B.At the end of June.
C.At the end of October.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
M:I have finally arrived.That was the longest flight I’ve ever been on.It feels good to be back in the car again.
W:We just have one more stop before we get home.
(Text 2)
W:This is what you want.It’s 60 inches,and has the clearest and most colourful image.You can put it up on your wall.
M:That’s perfect.That means we can angle it so it faces our sofa.
(Text 3)
M:I called you yesterday to go climbing,but you turned your phone off.
W:I’m sorry.I went to a party for our school’s dance club.
(Text 4)
W:Let’s go to the bakery before going to the park this Saturday.I need to order a cake.
M:They have an online system.You can order from home,now.We don’t need to waste time at the shop.
(Text 5)
W:Do you like ice skating or skateboarding more
M:I like both,but my favourite sport is skiing.I love the thrill when I’m going so fast!
第二节
(Text 6)
W:I feel like going to a movie today.
M:Sure.What are you thinking
W:I need something to cheer me up.Why don’t we go to see a comedy
M:How about this I cheer you up,and then we go to see a Halloween movie.
W:You’re the only person I know who would promise to do something sweet but mean as well.You know I hate those movies.
M:But it’s the perfect time of the year!Look,there’s a 3:00,an 8:00,and a 10:00.
W:As long as we get home before dinner—I’m definitely not going to see it at night!
(Text 7)
M:Good morning,my dear!What time did you get up
W:At 8:00 a.m.
M:Have you eaten already
W:Not yet,Dad.
M:It’s 10:00 am,Nancy.You’ve been up for two hours and you still haven’t gotten your breakfast You should eat very soon after you wake up!
W:But I wasn’t hungry.We ate dinner at 9:00 last night,remember And then we went out for dessert an hour later.I still feel full!
M:Well,I understand.I’m not very hungry,either.But you should normally eat at least a piece of fruit in the morning.You’re young and still growing.I’m older.I can go for a long time without eating.But your body needs a lot more energy than mine does.If you don’t eat well,you could get sick.You also won’t do well in school.Do you understand
W:Yes,Dad.I’ll eat earlier from now on.I promise!
(Text 8)
M:Are you going to start university in September,too
W:Yes,but my school starts in August.Where did you get accepted
M:Oh,to a few places,like Boston University in the U.S.and National University of Singapore.I chose LSE—London School of Economics,you know.I wanted to go abroad,but not as far as America.
W:I have a friend there.I’ll give you his number.
M:Great,thanks! I don’t know anyone in London yet.Where did you decide to go to school
W:Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
M:Wow! You got accepted there! Do you want to be an engineer
W:Well,sort of.I want to be a computer scientist.
M:What kind of work would you do afterward
W:I want to work at a big company for a while,like Oracle.That’s my first choice.Microsoft would be OK,too.
M:How about Apple
W:No,I don’t like their products,so I wouldn’t want to work for them.After working,
I’d like to go back to school,so I can teach at a university in China.
(Text 9)
W:Daniel,I haven’t seen you in the office for almost one week.I heard you went on vacation.Where did you go
M:Yeah,I went to Fujian in China.
W:Oh,sounds interesting.What did you do there
M:Well,I did a lot of things.It’s a really interesting place.Culture is quite different there and I went to many beautiful places.
W:How was the food
M:Well,the food in Fujian is amazing.You wouldn’t believe how good it is.Everything tastes amazing.And the good thing about it is that it’s really,really cheap.
W:I see.Who did you go with
M:I went with a Chinese friend,which was really good because I cannot speak Chinese.And my friend helped me a lot with everything.
W:How long did you stay
M:I left for Fujian on May 15th and came back one week later.And I think the time was more than enough to get a quick view of the whole province.I think I got a really good impression of what Fujian is.
W:Why did you go to Fujian
M:Well,I’m really interested in Asia and Asian cultures,and since they’re quite different from our American culture,I really want to get to know all those cultures better.
W:I see.
(Text 10)
Good afternoon,students! This is an announcement for all juniors and seniors.If you are beginning your third or fourth year of high school,you may be able to study abroad next summer.It’s a new program that we’ve decided to try out,and 20 students will be selected to visit some countries in Europe.France,Italy,Germany,and one other place will be on the list of choices.The fourth country will probably be Spain.Most of the summer classes will be held in English,but there will also be some necessary foreign language classes.These will be group lessons designed to help students get along in their host country.The classes will be held four times a week for the entire three months from June.By the end of the summer session,students should be able to speak comfortably and confidently with people.This is one of the main goals of this study abroad program.Applications are due on the last day of January,just after the grades for the first semester are posted.How well you do in your classes will partly determine if you can participate.Two essays are also required.One is an academic essay and the other is a personal essay.You can pick up the applications in October from the main office.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Metro Pocket Guide
Metrorail(地铁)
Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.
Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $ 5 in change.
Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9:30 am until closing on weekdays,and all day on weekends and holidays.
Hours of Service
Open:5 am Mon.-Fri. 7 am Sat.-Sun.
Close:midnight Sun.-Thurs. 3 am Fri.-Sat.nights.
Last train times vary.To avoid missing the last train,please check the last train times posted in the station.
Metrobus
When paying with exact change,the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip card,the fare is $1.25.
Fares for the Senior/disabled customers
Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus,use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card.For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards,or SmarTrip cards and passes,please visit or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.
Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100.
Travel tips
Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9:30 am and between 4 and 6 pm
If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station,please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.
21.What should you know about farecard machines
A.They start selling tickets at 9:30 am.
B.They are connected to change machines.
C.They offer special service to the elderly.
D.They make change for no more than $5.
22.At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday
A.At midnight. B.At 3 am.
C.At 5 am. D.At 7 pm.
23.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro
A.202-962-1195
B.202-962-1100
C.202-637-7000
D.202-637-8000
语篇导读:本文是一篇应用文。文章是一份地铁使用指南,它详细地介绍了地铁的运营时间、购票优惠及注意事项等信息。阅读本文有利于培养学生认真观察、独立判断的能力。
答案及剖析:
21.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据Metrorail(地铁)部分中的“Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $ 5 in change.”可知,票卡机最多只能提供
5美元的零钱。即票卡机提供的零钱不超过5美元。故选D。
22.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据Hours of Service部分中的“Close:midnight Sun.-Thurs.3a.m.Fri.-Sat.nights.”可知,地铁在周六停运时间是凌晨3点。故选B。
23.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据Travel tips部分中的“If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station,please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.”可知,如果你丢了东西请拨打202-962-1195。故选A。
B
Facial recognition technology has been already widely used by governments and some advertising companies.The technology uses machine learning tools to search for faces in an attempt to identify people.
In a recent study,scientists announced they had developed machine learning tools to track the faces of individual wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩).Dan Schofield said that the system was developed to improve the quality of information collected about chimpanzees in the wild over a long period of time.
“For species like chimpanzees,which have complex social lives and live for many years,getting a snapshot of their behaviour from short-term field research can tell us only so much,” Schofield said.
The researchers wanted to get a more complete understanding of the lives of the chimpanzees by studying them over several generations.But doing this would have required searching through hundreds of hours of video recordings of chimpanzees in the wild.
The researchers recorded the activities of a group of chimpanzees that lived in the West African nation of Guinea.A facial recognition computer model was trained with more than 10 million images of the animals.The model was then used to search for,recognise and track individual chimpanzees.The system was able to identify individual chimpanzees correctly about 92 percent of the time.It successfully identified the animals’ sex 96 percent of the time.
The study included an experiment with humans to see how they could perform against the machine learning system in making identification.Humans were able to correctly identify individual chimpanzees about 42 percent of the time.The machine learning tool was much faster in completing the experiment.Human experts took about 55 minutes,while the computer took only several seconds.
The researchers say they are permitting other scientists to use the system for similar projects.They hope the method will be used for other species to record animal behaviour and monitor different animal populations in the environment.
24.What can we infer from Schofield’s words
A.Researching chimpanzees needs more information.
B.Chimpanzees can live as long as humans.
C.Chimpanzees like to get a snapshot too.
D.Short-term field research provides more information.
25.What does the underlined word the fourth paragraph “this” refer to
A.Recording chimpanzees in the wild.
B.Studying chimpanzees over several years.
C.Understanding the lives of chimpanzees completely.
D.Getting a snapshot of chimpanzees’ behaviour.
26.What did the experiment with humans prove in the study
A.Humans make more accurate identification.
B.The machine learning system is more effective.
C.Humans can’t identify the animals’ sex correctly.
D.Machine learning tools take a little more time to identify the animals.
27.What is the best title for the text
A.Facial Recognition for Animals Is Becoming Popular
B.Facial Recognition Is Helping Animals Live in the Wild
C.Facial Recognition Plays a Role in Raising Animals
D.Facial Recognition Is Used to Identify and Track Animals
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍面部识别技术,它被用来识别和跟踪动物。阅读本文有利于培养学生的科技创新意识。
答案及剖析:
24.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段可推知,研究黑猩猩需要更多的信息。故选A。
25.C 代词指代题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据第四段第一句可推知,下句中的“this”指代的是“完全了解黑猩猩的生活”。故选C。
26.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据倒数第二段中的“The machine learning tool...about 55 minutes,while the computer took only several seconds.”可知,机器学习系统更有效。故选B。
27.D 标题归纳题。考查学生理解文本主旨要义的能力。通读全文,尤其是第二段中的“In a recent study,scientists...faces of individual wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩).”和倒数第三段中的“A facial recognition computer...individual chimpanzees correctly about 92 percent of the time.”可知,“面部识别被用来识别和跟踪动物”为短文最佳标题,
故选D。
C
What people say is only one aspect of good communication.Good listening skills and body language are also important for us to effectively communicate with others.Effective communication involves more than talking to a person.How things are said,words are chosen and tones are adopted are all aspects of good communication.
Body language,a common form of non-verbal communication,can support what a speaker is saying.Studies have shown that of the information that is received from other people,only 10% is from what they say and 40% is from the tone and speed of their voice.The other 50% is obtained from their body language.Reading body language is part of developing social skills.
Some professionals,such as lawyers,governmental security officers and doctors on mental problems,learn to read every type of body language of others to help in their jobs.They look for specific signs,while the average person reads some body language subconsciously (下意识地).Body language can involve one aspect such as the eyes,or the use of different body parts.Where the body is positioned in relation to another person or at a table is another piece in communicating what the person is feeling.Troubles may arise (出现) when body language is misunderstood.
Good listening skills clear the way to a clear message while bad listening skills create barriers which can confuse or stop the message.Good listeners can use body language by nodding occasionally to show interest and understanding,make eye contact with the speaker,repeat some of the words and feelings,and summarize what they have heard.All these can avoid communication troubles.
Poor listeners rarely communicate effectively.Barriers they commonly use may include:interruptions,inappropriate humour,judgments,criticisms,and unrelated questions.People who are attempting to communicate with a person who continually throws out barriers will often stop talking and they even get angry as they feel misunderstood and frustrated.Healthy minded people are able to communicate with others effectively by avoiding these barriers.They are able to let their partners know what they want regularly and clearly.
28.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A.Speakers usually pay little attention to what they said and what words and tones they use.
B.Good communication means talking to a person effectively with right tones and speed.
C.Body language and listening skills are highly involved in successful communication.
D.The manner of communication is determined by the listener rather than the speaker.
29.According to the studies,body language .
A.makes up 40% of the information received from communication
B.sometimes leads people to misunderstand what others have said
C.can remind the listeners of what the speakers are actually expressing
D.can only be correctly read by people with excellent social skills
30.Which of the following reactions of a listener may create difficulties in communication
A.Making a summary of what he has heard.
B.Repeating the speaker’s words and ideas.
C.Showing his feeling to the speaker.
D.Bringing in an unrelated topic suddenly.
31.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text
A.To emphasize that communication involves more than talking.
B.To introduce different types of non-verbal communication.
C.To suggest ways to effectively communicate with others.
D.To discuss the different effects of good and poor listening skills.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述有效的沟通不仅仅是与人交谈,良好的倾听技巧和肢体语言对于我们有效地与他人沟通也很重要。阅读本文有利于培养学生有效地与他人沟通的能力。
答案及剖析:
28.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Good listening skills and body language are also important for us to effectively communicate with others.”可知,肢体语言和倾听技巧对于我们有效地与他人沟通也很重要。故选C。
29.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“Studies have shown that...The other 50% is obtained from their body language.”可知,肢体语言可以提醒倾听者说话的人实际想表达的意思。故选C。
30.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“Poor listeners rarely...criticisms,and unrelated questions.”可知,不好的倾听者很少有效地沟通。他们常用的障碍包括:打断、不恰当的幽默、判断、批评和不相干的问题。所以D项“突然引入一个无关的话题”可能造成沟通困难。故选D。
31.A 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文章主旨要义的能力。通读全文,结合第一段中的“What people say is only one aspect of good communication.”和“Effective communication involves more than talking to a person.”可知,本文的目的是强调交流不仅仅包括如何说话。故选A。
D
Facial expressions are the primary way people exhibit emotion and read the feelings of others.Happiness,sadness,fear and surprise can be communicated through facial expressions alone.But when part of the face is masked(戴口罩的),it becomes more difficult to recognise these cues.
If you cannot read other’s emotional state,your ability to empathize(共情) with them may be weakened.Moreover,if your mask is hiding your emotional state,others may not be able to empathize with you.Wearing a mask can also make you feel more distracted,further weakening your connection to others.
Fortunately,you can regain some control over communication by working with what you have left—the eyes.If you want to increase understanding with a masked individual,you should look them in the eyes,which may be easier said than done.Eye contact may cause discomfortable after only three seconds.But keep in mind,eye contact can also make you appear more intelligent and trustworthy.
You might be surprised how much information is conveyed by the body itself.For instance,when someone is happy,they stand up straighter and lift their head; when they are sad,they slouch and drop their head; and when they are angry,their whole body tenses up.Learning how people use their bodies to convey emotion may help reduce the uncertainty you feel when communicating with someone in a mask.
Don’t forget the impact of your voice.It’s not just what you say,it’s how you say it.Along with the actual words,you also use volume,tone and pauses to convey your message.
Before your next interaction with a friend,think of ways to improve your connection.Pull your hair back so they can see your eyes clearly.Use your body and voice to convey the emotions you fear your mask might hide.
By all means,remember that social distance doesn’t have to mean socially distant.
32.What is the function of eye contact according to the author
A.You seem to be more friendly with eye contact for a long time.
B.Proper eye contact makes you appear more trustworthy.
C.Only eye contact can avoid misunderstanding.
D.Eye contact for five seconds makes you feel comfortable.
33.What can be learned from the fourth paragraph
A.Learning body language well can increase smooth communication.
B.There is little information conveyed by the body itself.
C.When people are sad,their whole body tenses up.
D.Standing up straighter and lifting one’s head means a person is angry.
34.How many ways are mentioned to increase communication when a person is wearing a mask
A.1. B.2.
C.3. D.4.
35.What can we infer from the last sentence
A.We have to keep social distance strictly.
B.We can regain some control over communication by social distance.
C.Social distance can increase understanding with a masked individual.
D.Social distance should not keep people distant and cold.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了戴口罩后面部表情难以识别,但人们可以用你留下的眼睛、姿势和声音来重新控制交流。阅读本文有利于培养学生的交流意识。
答案及剖析:
32.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由第三段中的“But keep in mind,eye contact can also make you appear more intelligent and trustworthy.”可知,眼神交流的作用是让你看起来更值得信赖。故选B。
33.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由第四段中的“Learning how people use their bodies...communicating with someone in a mask.”可知,了解人们如何利用身体来传达情感(即肢体语言),能有助于与戴着口罩的人交流,减少交流时的不确定性。换句话说,学好肢体语言可以增加沟通的顺畅。故选A。
34.C 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。由第三段中的“Fortunately,you can regain some control over communication by working with what you have left—the eyes.”,第四段中的“Learning how people use their bodies to convey emotion...when communicating with someone in a mask.”和第五段中的“Don’t forget the impact of your voice.”可知,当一个人戴着口罩时,人们可以通过眼神、肢体语言和声音这三种方法来增加交流。故选C。
35.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。由最后一段“By all means,remember that social distance doesn’t have to mean socially distant.”并结合上文可知,戴口罩会产生社会距离,削弱你与他人的联系,但人们可以通过眼神、肢体语言和声音这三种方法来增加交流,说明社会距离不应使人们保持社交上的距离和冷漠。故
选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Successful public speaking centres on the physical message of presentation.Some call this“body language”.36.
We have all seen nervous presenters in classrooms and meetings.One effect of being nervous is moving from side to side.37. In fact an audience can lose interest in a speaker who does not move.How a speaker moves is important.Whole-body movement should slow and plan to control attention.Such movement helps to communicate confidence.
38. They’ll be looking at their notes,the screen or the floor.The problem of having note and trying to talk from notes is often a big problem.So they have trouble with eye contact.The best way to avoid this problem is to use images and a few words for notes instead of sentences.The image should help communicate the point you want to make.Writing a few words with the image on your slide helps you remember that point.39.
A good way to change your body language is to make a video of your presentation and watch yourself.40. An important part of public speaking is practice.When you practise remember these important tips:Be aware of your posture,eye contact and gestures.Record yourself using a phone,tablet or camera.Watch yourself and plan what you will do to improve.
A.A speaker needs to focus on his speech all the time.
B.A presenter does not need to stand perfectly still.
C.Then you can look at the audience while speaking.
D.It includes posture,eye contact and gestures.
E.Your eyes will speak your mind secretly.
F.This helps you to become aware of what you need to change.
G.Some speakers find it difficult to make eye contact with the audience.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍演讲的时候应该如何展示肢体语言。阅读本文有利于培养学生正确使用肢体语言的能力。
答案及剖析:
36.D 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据上文“Successful public speaking centres on the physical message of presentation.Some call this ‘body language’.”可推测,下文应对肢体语言进行解释说明,而D选项中的“It”指代的就是上文的肢体语言,故选D。
37.B 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据下文“In fact an audience can lose interest in a speaker who does not move.”可推测,上文应说演讲者不应该不动,因为这样会带来不利影响,B选项“一个演讲者不需要完全静止地站着。”符合语境,故选B。
38.G 考查学生理解段落主题句与段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据下文“They’ll be looking at their notes,the screen...have trouble with eye contact.”和G 选项可以看出,两句都在说同听众眼神交流有困难,G选项切题,故选G。
39.C 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据上文“The best way to avoid this problem is to use...that point.”可推测,下文应该是通过这个方法就可以和观众进行眼神交流了,C选项“这样你就可以在讲话的时候看着观众了。”承接上文,故选C。
40.F 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据上文“A good way to change your body language is to make a video of your presentation and watch yourself.”可推断,下文是要根据录像来调整你的肢体语言,故F选项“会帮助你意识到你需要改变什么。”符合语境,故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last week,Octavius who is deaf and his mother Shatika Dixon went to Texas Roadhouse to celebrate his fourth birthday.When Octavius and his mother were sitting there,a waitress named Kathryn Marasco watched from a distance and 41 that the mom was talking and signing to the little boy who had his 42 aids.
When Kathryn Marasco 43 that it was Octavius’ birthday,she asked her fellow server,Brandie White,to log on to a website with her to search for a special phrase for the birthday boy.
They 44 how to say “happy birthday” in American Sign Language,and quickly got all the 45 down.Then,the servers went up to Octavius’ table to 46 him what they had learned.“Happy birthday to you,” the waitresses signed.Octavius and his mom were very impressed.
Later,Octavius’ mother said this was the first time he had 47 with people other than her and his teacher.It was a simple phrase but an important 48 to Octavius.Thanks to the two 49 waitresses,his fourth birthday is one that he and his mom will 50 for a lifetime.
Dixon said the 51 from Marasco and White made her very emotional.“Everybody thinks we’re 52 when we’re talking and signing over there.So it’s 53 important to me that someone 54 that and picked up that phrase and made that 55 just for him,my baby.”
41.A.remarked B.acknowledged
C.concluded D.discovered
42.A.walking B.reading
C.hearing D.speaking
43.A.admitted B.realised
C.expected D.imagined
44.A.marked out B.looked up
C.reflected on D.glanced through
45.A.rules B.ways
C.words D.steps
46.A.show B.lend
C.award D.write
47.A.discussed B.signed
C.talked D.argued
48.A.example B.gesture
C.suggestion D.plan
49.A.generous B.patient
C.kind D.busy
50.A.work on B.think about
C.enjoy D.remember
51.A.surprise B.support
C.care D.explanation
52.A.noisy B.crazy
C.uncomfortable D.enthusiastic
53.A.normally B.equally
C.probably D.actually
54.A.noticed B.admired
C.exposed D.announced
55.A.special B.formal
C.beneficial D.essential
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了两个善良的女服务员学习手语来祝贺一名有听力障碍的小男孩生日快乐的经过。阅读本文有利于培养学生良好的社会关系和人际交往意识,培养学生助人为乐的品质,提高他们的社会责任感。
[文章脉络]
答案及剖析:
41.D 根据空前的“watched from a distance”和空后的“the mom was talking and signing to the little boy”可知,Kathryn Marasco应该是发现(discovered)这位母亲和小男孩在用手语交谈。
42.C 根据上文中的“Octavius who is deaf”可知,此处指的是Octavius戴着助听器,故选C。
43.B 根据下文中的“‘Happy birthday to you,’ the waitresses signed.”可知,此处是指Kathryn Marasco 意识到(realised)是Octavius的生日,想要用手语向他说“生日
快乐”。
44.B 根据上文中的“she asked her fellow server...for the birthday boy”可知,这两个服务员在网上查阅“生日快乐”的手语。
45.D 根据上下文的内容可知,她们两人学的是手语,此处是说她们把手语的各个步骤记下来,故选D。
46.A 根据前面的内容可知,此处是说她们两人上网查阅后学会手语,然后展示给
Octavius看。
47.B 后来,Octavius的母亲说,这是他第一次与她和老师以外的人打手势。
48.B 虽然那只是一个简单的短语,但是对Octavius来说是一个重要的表示。gesture 意为“(表明感情或意图的)姿态;手势”符合语境。
49.C 根据上下文的语境可知,那两名服务员从网上学习手语祝贺小男孩生日快乐,由此可推知,她们是善良的(kind),故选C。
50.D 根据空前的“Thanks to the two 49 waitresses”及全文语境可知,Octavius和他的母亲将会永远记住(remember)这次生日,故选D。
51.A 根据上文的内容可知,那两位女服务员学手语祝贺Octavius生日快乐这一行为,对Dixon来说是意想不到的事,故选A。
52.B 根据语境可知,此处是说别人不理解Dixon和她的儿子用手语交流的行为,认为那样做是愚蠢的。故选B。
53.D 54.A 根据语境可知,有人注意到那一点,并学手语向她的儿子说生日快乐,这对她的确重要。故选D。
55.A 根据语境可知,两名餐厅服务员专门为Octavius学了手语。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Because of Richard Sears’ enthusiasm for 56. (tradition) Chinese culture,he began learning Chinese in 1972.57. (attract) by the ancient language,Sears often went back and forth between China and America.In 1994,after his recovery from a severe heart attack,he made a 58. (decide) to make the ancient Chinese characters,Jiaguwen,available online.
From then on,Sears started programming and building a database(数据库)of Jiaguwen.59. took him seven years to scan the characters in Chinese ancient books.In 2002,the Jiaguwen enthusiast’s website 60. (create) though with only a few page views per day in the beginning.It 61. (rise) to 600,000 per day in 2011 after a blogger recommended the site on a Chinese social media platform.“I became famous 62. (instant) and was given a nickname ‘Uncle Hanzi’,”Sears said with a smile.Up till now,the website has been continuously updated,
63. gives lovers of the ancient language from all over the world free access to browse(浏览) in their free time.
At present,the 70-year-old American has made his home in China.Apart from
64. (take) part in some social 65. (a
