(共102张PPT)
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
头脑风暴·思维发散
As we all know,there are many kinds of methods of farming.Look at the following pictures,can you tell which kind of farming they belong to
Can you add more examples
Pesticide
Part 1 Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
语法专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与社会——农业领域卓有成就的人物。
2.语篇类型:介绍人物的记叙文。
3.课文内容分析:
语篇导读 先行把握
本文介绍的是农业科学家袁隆平,主要介绍了他的生平事迹、从事农业研究的原因、他为解决粮食短缺问题所付出的努力与取得的成就等,尤其是袁隆平低调、朴素的生活与他对农业的热情形成对比。了解袁隆平对世界稻米生产的巨大贡献,理解他少年立志、甘愿为农业奉献一生的内部和外部原因;激发对以袁隆平为代表的农业科学家的崇敬之情,提升对农业发展意义的认识。
多维解读 深度剖析
a farmer
concerned
agriculture
technical
1974
innovation
celebrity
young
重点词汇
1.Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of
Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life.(教材第50页)
确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯,与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
核心知识·深入探究
◆devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific investigation.
他决定将自己的余生献给科学研究事业。
I shall devote myself to serving my country at the cost of my own life,regardless of fortune or misfortune to myself.
苟利国家生死以,岂因祸福避趋之。
Regardless of the risk of getting infected,Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.(2020全国Ⅰ卷)
不管感染的风险有多大,李大叔对自己的工作都很有责任心和奉献精神。
[备用例句]
①A great person is someone who devotes his/ her life to helping others.
伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
②He’s devoted most of his time to his paintings.
他把大部分时间都花在了作画上。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
①devote是及物动词,常接时间、精力、生命等抽象名词作宾语,而“专注”和
“奉献”的对象则由介词to引出。
②表示“忠于”“致力于”“献身于”时可用devote oneself to结构,也可用be
devoted to结构。
③devote的过去分词devoted可用作形容词,在句中作定语或表语。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Before the exam,the students devoted themselves to (prepare)
for it.
② (devote) to her research,she has no time to spend a weekend with
her family.
③The spirit of selfless (devote) is honourable and admirable.
完成句子
④如果你有一份工作,务必全身心投入,最终你会成功的。
If you have a job, and finally
you’ll succeed.
⑤她将自己的生命投入到消除贫困和不公的事业之中。
She fighting poverty and injustice.
preparing
Devoted
devotion
do
devote
yourself
to
it
devoted
her
life
to
2.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor
harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
(教材第50页)
然而,他最关心的是农民粮食经常歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
◆shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
The shortage of oil will probably drive prices up.
石油短缺很有可能迫使价格上涨。
As a matter of fact,blog is short for weblog.
事实上,blog这个词是weblog的缩写。
He returned to work shortly after his operation.
手术后不久他就回去上班了。
[备用例句]
①The city is suffering a desperate shortage of water.
这个城市严重缺水。
②The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered
the greatest water shortage.
在树木缺水最严重的地区,大树的损失最大。
He is called Jim for short.
他被简称为吉姆。
We are short of funds.
我们资金不够。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
作为全文总结语,除了短语in short,写作时还常常会用到下面的短语,如in conclusion、 in a word、 in brief、 all in all、 to sum up、 on the whole等。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①That would be short William,I imagined.
②He is very short money,and can’t afford a new house to replace
his old one.
③In the developed countries,there is a great (short) of
workforce.
④The work will be completed very (short).
完成句子
⑤由于订单不足,公司解雇了四分之一的员工。
orders,the firm has
laid off a quarter of its workforce.
for
of
shortage
shortly
Because
of
a
shortage
of
3.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of
hybrid rice.(教材第50页)
袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
◆convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
I’m firmly convinced of the significance of honesty,which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
我坚信诚实的重要性,它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
Only by reasoning can we convince people completely.
只有以理服人,才能使人心悦诚服。
Powerful advertising can convince people to buy things.
有力的宣传广告可以说服人们购买东西。
I’m convinced that she’s innocent.
我坚信她是清白的。
[备用例句]
①He convinced the police department to allow him to set up a couple of
“chat benches” in two of their local parks.(2020天津卷,完形填空)
他说服警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设置几张“聊天凳”。
②He tries to convince us of the reality of the danger.
他试图使我们相信危险的确存在。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
形容词convinced表示“感到信服的”,通常形容人的主观感受;而convincing表示“令人信服的”,通常表示性质属性。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I think you will help me convince my parents (leave).
②We were able to convince the students the need for wider reading.
③At first he was not at all (convince) about that.
完成句子
④你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。
You’ll need to your enthusiasm for
the job.
⑤我们确信2022年北京冬奥会一定会取得成功。
We the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games
will be a great success.
to leave
of
convinced
convince
them
of
are
convinced
that
4.The common assumption then was that it could not be done.(教材第50页)
当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。
◆assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得
My assumption that he had passed the exam was wrong.
我本来以为他已通过考试,结果是我错了。
We made an assumption that it was a gas explosion.
我们认为这是一场燃气爆炸事故。
It is generally assumed that smoking is harmful to health.
众所周知,吸烟有害健康。
[备用例句]
①We are wrong to assume that the price would fall.
我们错误地认为价格会下降。
②Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.
你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
在英语中,有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词,实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类单词有:supposing conj.(假设;如果),provided/providing conj.(假设;如果),considering prep.& conj.(鉴于;考虑到),including prep.(包括;包含)等。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①I hope to go to college next year, (assume) that I pass my exams.
②We are working on the (assume) that everyone invited will turn up.
③We assumed him (be) the first boy to climb to the mountain.
完成句子
④在听到对他不利的证词之前,你假定他是无罪的。
You before hearing the evidence
against him.
⑤一般认为,过重的工作会造成压力。
too much work will cause stress.
assuming
assumption
to be
assume
him
to
be
innocent
It
is
generally
assumed
that
5.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.(教材第50页)
这种杂交水稻极大地提高了农民的产量。
◆expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
Could you expand on that point,please
请你把这一点详细说明一下好吗
Our company is eager to expand into new markets.
我们公司急欲开辟新的市场。
The business has expanded greatly over the last year.
过去的一年里,这家公司的业务量有了极大的增加。
[备用例句]
①We have plans to expand into the U.S.market.
我们有进入美国市场的计划。
②Metals expand when heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
归纳拓展
[词汇辨析]
expand指范围、体积的扩大、膨胀;
enlarge指面积、体积的扩大;
extend指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长;
spread指物种、疾病、思想、文化等的传播、延伸。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①To our delight,the narrow path has expanded a wide road.
②The information industries are rapidly (expand).
③A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its (expand).
完成句子
④他的工作室扩大规模,成为一家大公司了。
His studio a big company.
into
expanding
expansion
was
expanded
into
6.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption
in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,
and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around
200 million tonnes of rice per year.(教材第50～51页)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米大约有60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作
物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
(1)estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算
The deal is estimated to be worth around $1.5 million.
这笔交易估计价值在150万美元左右。
This takes ten years of work with an estimated cost of one million dollars per year in research.
这需要10年工作时间,估计每年的研究成本是100万美元。
[备用例句]
①Sorry,madam,I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background.
(2020天津卷,阅读理解B)
对不起,女士,我低估了你,因为我不了解你的背景。
②It is not easy to estimate how many people will come.
很难估计多少人会来。
③This figure is double the original estimate.
这一数字是原来估算的两倍。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①We estimated her age (be) about 40.
②I can give you rough estimate of the amount of building materials
you will need.
翻译句子
③这棵树估计至少700岁了。
.
to be
a
The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
(2)comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成
The collection comprises 327 paintings.=The collection is comprised of 327 paintings.
这部画册收有327幅画。
The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors.
委员会由政府和私营企业双方的代表组成。
The house comprises two bedrooms,a kitchen,and a living room.
这所房子包括两间卧室、一间厨房和一间客厅。
[备用例句]
①Fifteen articles comprise the Volume One of this book.
这本书的第一卷有15篇文章。
②Girl students comprise 60% of the class.
女生占班级的60%。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
comprise 表示“由……组成”时,不用于进行时态;consist of没有被动语态,
相当于be made up of或be composed of,且不用于进行时。
语境运用
句型转换
①The class is comprised mainly of Italian and French students.
→Italian and French students .
②Three cool teenagers make up their band.
→Their band three cool teenagers.
一句多译
他的作品集是由诗、散文和短篇小说三部分合编而成的。
③His collection .
three parts: poems,essays and short stories.
④Three parts: poems,essays and short stories .
his collection.
mainly
comprise
the
class
is
made
up
of
consists of/is made up of/is composed of/is comprised of
compose/ make up/comprise
7.His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality,and
potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty
land in China for rice production.(教材第51页)
他新近的“海水稻”愿景也已经成为现实,有望在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐
碱地用于水稻生产。
◆reality n.现实;实际情况;事实
This theory bears no relation to reality.
这个理论和现实没什么联系。
We thought he was joking but in reality he was serious.
我们以为他是在开玩笑,但实际上他是认真的。
The reality is that they are poor.
现状是他们很贫穷。
[备用例句]
①Every great achievement was a vision before it became a reality.
一切伟大的成就在成为现实之前都只是设想。
②If you work hard with a strong will,your dream will certainly be realised.
只要努力工作,并坚定决心,你的梦想一定会实现的。
归纳拓展
[词汇辨析]
truth,reality
这两个词都有“真实,现实”的意思。其区别在于:truth强调与实际相符。reality指实际存在、实际看到或经历过的事实,也可指抽象的客观现实,还可指艺术塑造和真实存在非常相像、逼真。
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Outwardly she seemed confident but reality she felt extremely
nervous.
②She was no longer able to distinguish between imagination and .
(real).
③She tried to turn her dream of running her own business reality.
完成句子
④他看似很适应都市生活,但实际上并非如此。
He came across as streetwise,but .
in
reality
into
in
reality
he
was
not
重点句式
1.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption
in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,
and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around
200 million tonnes of rice per year.(教材第50～51页)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米大约有60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作
物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
◆这个句子的真正主语是从句that about 60 percent...per year。因为真正的主语过长,为了避免句子头重脚轻,所以用形式主语it。构成“It+be+过去分词+
that”句型。
It is estimated that the hot weather will last ten days.
据估计炎热的天气还将持续10天。
It was estimated that the birth weight of newborn babies would rise slowly in the three years to come.
预测在未来3年中,新生儿平均出生体重还将缓慢升高。
[备用例句]
①It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
孩子们想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
②It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
据报道,地震中有16人死亡。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
在It is suggested/ordered/commanded/...that句型中,从句的谓语动词用should do,而should可以省略。
语境运用
句型转换
①It is estimated that the new school will be completed next month.
→The new school is estimated (complete) next month.
②It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as
previously feared.
→Carbon dioxide is said (heat) the earth twice as
quickly as previously feared.
完成句子
③人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。
the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
④据报道,科学家们正在努力发明治疗癌症的新药。
that the scientists are trying to invent a new medicine
for curing cancer.
to
be
completed
to
be
heating
It
is
hoped
that
It
is
reported
2.Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy,one might think
he would retire to a life of leisure.(教材第51页)
鉴于袁隆平因开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有,有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
◆given可用作介词,表示“考虑到;假定;鉴于”等意思。“given+that从句”意思是“考虑到”,相当于considering或when you consider...。
Given his background,it’s no surprise that he can do this.
考虑到他的背景,他能做这件事情就不令人吃惊了。
Given that he can get another chance,he will surely succeed.
假如他能再得到一次机会,他肯定会成功。
[备用例句]
①Given his age,he is very strong and healthy.
考虑到他的年龄,他可以说是非常健康强壮了。
②Given that the students need more exercise,the headmaster has decided
to add more PE classes.
考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼,校长已决定增加更多体育课。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
和given that类似的句型还有:
Considering that... 考虑到
Provided/Providing (that)...如果;假设;在……条件下
Suppose/Supposing (that)...假定;假设;设想
语境运用
完成句子
①考虑到目前的条件,我认为她已做得相当出色。
the present conditions,I think she’s done rather well.
②我花钱通常是很理智的。考虑到自己挣得不多,我必须这样做。
Usually,I am sensible with money,as I have to be, I
don’t earn that much.
句型转换
③If they are given time,they’ll probably agree.
→ ,they’ll probably agree.
④Given his support,I think we’ll win the election.
→Given that ,I think we’ll win the election.
Given/Considering
given/considering
that
Given
time
he
supports
us
长难句分析
Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.
(教材第50页)
历经千辛万苦,袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题,在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。
◆句中to develop...为不定式作目的状语,that could be used...为定语从句,
修饰先行词hybrid rice。
语境运用
单句情境写作
1.经过艰苦的努力,他克服了巨大的经济困难,开发出了第一个可以在日本市场使用
的语言翻译软件。
.
.
.
2.值得赞扬的是,医生们连夜工作挽救那个用直升机从偏远村庄送来的受伤男子的
生命。
.
.
Through intense effort,he overcame enormous economical difficulties to develop the first language translator software that could be used in the Japan market.
To their credit,the doctors worked through the night to save the life of the injured man who was sent from the remote village by helicopter.
3.幸运的是,政府成立了一个工作小组来调查这个问题,否则会使情况更糟。
.
.
Luckily,the government set up a working party to look into the problem that could otherwise make things worse.
备用讲义
1.To tackle this crisis,he chose to study agriculture and received an
education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.(教材第50页)
为了应对这一危机,他选择学习农业,就读于重庆西南农学院。
◆crisis n.危机;危急关头
Their friendship has reached crisis point.
他们的友谊已到了危机的地步。
The crisis was getting worse and worse.
危机越来越严重了。
We provide help to families in crisis.
我们对处于困境的家庭提供帮助。
[备用例句]
①They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
他们在金融危机时遭受了巨大的损失。
②The cabinet met to resolve the crisis.
内阁开会,寻求解决危机的办法。
③In times of crisis,we all need to pull together.
在危机时刻,我们都需要通力合作。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①She had proved that she could be relied on a crisis.
②They do not trust their children to deal with (crisis).
完成句子
③The car industry of that country is now (处于危机之中).
in
crises
in
crisis
2.Instead,farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.(教材第
50页)
相反,农民需要提高他们拥有的土地的产量。
◆yield n.产量;产出 vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服;让步
The climate has grown more equable and the crop yields have risen.
天气变得更加稳定,粮食产量也已经提高。
Scientists have bred new hybrid plants and animals which yield more food.
科学家培育的许多新的杂交植物和动物,产出了更多的食物。
He didn’t yield himself to his rival.
他没有向对手屈服。
[备用例句]
①Constant efforts yield sure success.
功到自然成。
②Last year 400,000 acres of land yielded a crop worth $1.75 billion.
去年40万英亩的土地产值达17.5亿美元。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①It’s polite to yield your seat on the bus to an old lady.
②You must yield traffic on the main road.
翻译句子
③我们已经表明我们不会屈服于压力。
.
up
to
We’ve already made it clear that we will not yield to pressure.
语法专项指导
主语从句
语法原句再现
1.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and
sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(教材第50页)
然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
2.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(教材第50页)
如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。
3.However,whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants
such as rice was a matter of great debate.(教材第50页)
然而,是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种,仍众说纷纭。
4.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption
in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains...
(教材第50～51页)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的
作物……
5.What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability
to fulfil his dreams.(教材第51页)
袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。
仔细观察上面这五个句子,会发现这几个句子全都是主从复合句。第1、第2、第3、第5句分别是由what,how,whether以及what引导的主语从句;第4句是it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的句子。
语法知识点拨
语法梳理
一、主语从句的含义
在句子中起名词作用的从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。顾名思义,如果一个分句在句子中担当主语的从句,该分句就成为主语从句。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将要来伦敦是这么久以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否对我们有害还有待观察。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。
语境运用
翻译句子
①她来不来都无关紧要。
②还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。
Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
Which lifestyle is the most beneficial to our health is still unknown.
二、主语从句的引导词。
1.从属连词that,whether。
that在从句中不充当句子成分,也无意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
whether在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末。但由if引导的主语从句不能放在句首,只能放在句末。
That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。
Whether they will get married or not is still uncertain.
他们是否会结婚还不确定。
It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role.
她是否要演这个角色还不能确定。
2.连接代词who、what、which、whoever、whatever等。
连接代词引导主语从句时,在句中既起连接作用,又在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Whichever you want will be given to you.
你要哪一个就给你哪一个。
Who will hold the meeting matters little.
谁主持会议并不要紧。
Don’t worry about my health, what I need is only a few days’ rest.
别为我的健康而担忧,我需要的只是休息几天而已。
3.连接副词when、where、how、why等。
这些副词在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
I don’t know when the meeting will be held.
我不知道会议什么时候举行。
He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting.
他向我解释了缺席会议的原因。
温馨提示
主语从句中连接词的选择技巧:
确定主语从句中连接词,可以根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分和连接词在从句中的意义两方面进行考虑。
语境运用
单句语法填空
① we will hold the party in the open air depends on the weather.
② China got the second place in the games made the whole nation
very excited.
③ comes will be welcome.
④ he broke into my house remains a question,for the door was
locked then.
Whether
That
Whoever
How
三、形式主语(it)代替主语从句
句型 说明
It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用的形容词有important、(un)likely、possible、
necessary、natural、wrong等
It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用的名词有fact、idea、honour、question、pity等
It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用的过去分词有known、proved、said、decided、suggested、thought等
It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用的动词有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替作形式主语,主语从句放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句式如下:为保持句子平衡,常把主语从句后置,而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时,常用于以下句型:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to the party last night.
昨天晚上你没去那个派对真是太遗憾了。
It is clear that the two countries can reach an agreement at the conference.
很显然两国能够在会议上达成协议。
It matters a great deal whether he will take the examination.
他是否参加考试很重要。
温馨提示
①在“It+be+形容词+that从句”句型中,如果形容词为necessary、important、
strange、natural等时,从句谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”。
It is important that he (should) know about this.他应该知道此事是重要的。
②在“It+be+过去分词+that从句”句型中,如果过去分词为suggested、advised、
ordered、requested、required等时,that从句谓语动词使用“(should+)动词
原形”。
It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议推迟运动会。
语境运用
完成句子
①还没有决定将派谁到那里工作。
will be sent to
work there.
②根据命令,所有人未经允许不得离开学校。
all the people shouldn’t leave
the school without permission.
It
hasn’t
been
decided
who
It
is
ordered
that
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序。
How he succeeded finally is still a puzzle.
他最后是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2.主语从句的主谓一致。
(1)主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式,但如果what引导的从句作主语,代
表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
What I need is your help.
我所需要的是你的帮助。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由两
个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
3.需要辨别以下几组引导词。
(1)whatever和whoever
whatever和whoever可以引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。在这种情况下,不能换成no matter what/who。此外,它们还可以引导让步状语从句,可以转换成no matter what/ who的形式。
Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
(主语从句)
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。
Keep calm,whatever/no matter what happens.(让步状语从句)
不管发生什么事都要保持镇静。
(2)that和what
what既能引导主语从句,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that...,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。
That he is still alive is a wonder.
他还活着,真是奇迹。(that不作成分)
What surprised me surprised him too.
令我吃惊的是,他也很吃惊。(what作主语)
语境运用
单句语法填空
①How often he goes to see his grandmother (depend) on the
time he can spare.
②What you have to do (be) to choose a company to invest in.
depends
is
真题赏析
1. is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,
compared with 16% in 1991.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解C)
2.Through the activity, I felt is that I am able to shoulder the
responsibility and make us stronger and more determined.
(2020天津卷,书面表达)
答案及剖析:
1.It 考查主语从句。句意为:据说,25～34岁的人与父母住在一起的比例约为20%,而1991年这一比例为16%。句中it作形式主语代替后面的真正主语that从句。
2.what 考查主语从句。句意为:通过这次活动,我感受到的是我能够承担起责任,让我们更加坚强和坚定。句中what引导主语从句,同时在从句中作谓语felt的宾语。
It
what
3. it is,the result is a fine and vivid description of the
purest of Central Asian traditions.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读C)
答案及剖析:
3.Whatever 考查让步状语从句。句意为:无论它是什么,其结果是对中亚最纯净、传统、完美而生动的描述。whatever引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter what.
Whatever
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空
1. we’ll go out depends on the weather.
2. I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.
3. made the long distance call is not important.
4. they will come hasn’t been made public.
5. is known to all that the gunpowder was first invented by the
Chinese.
6. is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film with me yesterday.
7. he said at the meeting is very important to us.
8.It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.
Whether
What
Who
When
It
It
What
that
Ⅱ.句型转换
1.That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
→ that light travels in straight lines.
2.It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.
→ has not been announced.
3.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
→ should be punished.
4.A new film is reported to be put on in the cinema.
→ that a new film will be put on in the cinema.
It is known to all
When the plane is to take off
Whoever breaks the law
It is reported
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.She refuses to face (real).
2.We’d better eat less (salt) food such as ham and bacon.
3. (consume) of oil has declined in recent years.
4.Spending too much now will mean a (short) of cash next year.
5. (convince)that his friend would survive,he told the police
where they had parted.
6.The method is very (convention) in her views but very
useful.
reality
salty
Consumption
shortage
Convinced
conventional
7.I’m afraid I have no alternative but (report) you to
the police.
8.Unlike many actors,he never enjoyed his (celebrate).
9.New Zealand is mainly composed two islands,the larger of which
is the South Island.
10.It was impossible to make (assume) about people’s
reactions.
to report
celebrity
of
assumptions
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.农民只占该国总人口的1.2%。(comprise)
Farmers comprise just 1.2 percent of the country’s population.
2.我们应该致力于环境保护和生态建设。(devote to)
We should devote ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
3.在内心深处,他们意识到幸福是买不到的,但却是可以被分享的。(deep down)
Deep down,they realise that happiness can’t be bought,but it can be shared.
4.据估计这项损失达12 000元。(estimate)
It is estimated the damage is at 12,000 yuan.
5.科学家们正在努力地把这些奇怪的想法变成现实。(reality)
Scientists are working hard to turn these strange ideas into realities.
6.考虑到他没有经验,他的工作已经做得很好了。(given that)
Given that he is inexperienced,he has done a good job.
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读
A
There are many gardening tips.Some suggest playing music for your house plants,having conversations with them,or even giving them a gentle touch now and then.Most of these practices are probably more for the benefit of the gardener than the garden,and generally harmless enough but except the last one.Your plants really dislike it when you touch them.
A new study out of the La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food has found that most plants are extremely sensitive to touch,and even a light touch can seriously affect their growth.“The lightest touch from a human,animal,insect,or even plants touching each other in the wind,can make a huge gene (基因) response in the plant,” Jim Whelan,who led the new study,said.“Within 30 minutes of being touched,10% of the plant’s genome (基因组) is changed.This causes a huge loss of energy which is taken away from plant growth.If the touching is repeated,
then plant growth is reduced by up to 30%.”
Whelan and his team are still trying to find out why plants respond,at the genetic level,so strongly.They do have some theories,however.“We know that when an insect lands on a plant,genes are awakened to prepare the plant to defend itself against being eaten,” said Dr Yan Wang,co-author of the study.
Until more research is done,it’s just a guess at this point.Still,
the findings might already lead to new methods for how agriculturalists deal with their crops,which will best promote (促进) healthier growth.
It’s worth noticing that while the study found that plants often respond to just a single touch in negative ways,it’s really repeated touching that causes lasting unhealthy growth.That’s because the plants are looking for styles in the touching,to tell harmful touch from random touch.So it doesn’t matter if you accidently brush up against a bush during a walk through the woods.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究,研究发现植物不喜欢被触摸,并分析了相关原因。阅读本文有利于培养学生人与环境、人与动植物和谐共存的意识。
1.How is the passage mainly developed
A.By giving examples.
B.By comparing and describing.
C.By listing numbers.
D.By showing results of studies.
答案及剖析:
1.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第二段“A new study out of the La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food has found...If the touching is repeated,then plant growth is reduced by up to 30%.’”可知,这篇文章主要是通过展示研究结果来展开的。故选D。
2.Why can touching prevent a plant growing according to the study
A.It leads to the plant’s energy waste.
B.It makes the plant sensitive to dangers.
C.It causes a genetic disorder in the plant.
D.It prevents the plant receiving sunlight.
答案及剖析:
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第二段中的“Within 30 minutes of being touched,10% of the plant’s...reduced by up to 30%.”可知,根据这项研究,触摸可以阻止植物生长,因为触摸导致了植物的能量浪费。故选A。
3.What is the passage mainly about
A.Something is done to help plants grow.
B.Plants’ genome can be changed easily.
C.Plants don’t really like to be touched.
D.What we do every day may destroy plants.
答案及剖析:
3.C 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章第一段中的“Your plants really dislike it when you touch them.”和第二段中的“A new study out of the La Trobe Institute...even a light touch can seriously affect their growth.”可知,本文主要介绍了一项研究,研究发现植物不喜欢被触摸,并分析了相关原因,因此C项“植物真的不喜欢被触摸。”符合题意。故选C。
B
The planting or woodlands in upland areas could play a key role in preventing the flooding which has increasingly affected communities across the world in recent years.
A new study by the University of Plymouth has shown that within just 15 years of being planted,native broadleaf trees can have a great effect on soil’s response during extreme weather events.It means that the huge amount of rainwater can be more readily absorbed,rather than simply running over the surface and into rivers where it probably causes severe flooding.
Scientists say their findings show that planting more native woodlands in upland areas could be an effective and natural flood management tool.
There have been a number of extreme rainfall and flooding events in recent years,and they are predicted to increase in both frequency and seriousness in the future as a result of human-caused climate change.
They show that in areas where new woodlands have been planted,the ability of soil to absorb water is almost double that of areas with no trees,which is associated with increases in soil macro-pores (大孔隙) and reductions in soil compaction(压实).This means the speed at which rainwater enters rivers during rainfall events is obviously reduced,
which helps lower peak flow.
However,the nature of the soil and location of the woodlands are also critical to their success,with steep hillside on the edge of upland areas providing the most effective location for tree plantations to serve as an effective flood prevention tool.
Dr Paul Lunt,Associate Professor in Environmental Science added,“There are a lot of weak upland catchment (集水) areas across the UK.However,by working with farmers and the government’s farm woodland measures,this study has shown that damaged soil can recover rapidly.This is particularly obvious on hillsides which are traditionally not so good for farming.So there is an opportunity for a joined-up approach which could benefit the uplands themselves,but also those people living on and around them.”
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在高地地区种植林地可以在防止洪水泛滥方面发挥关键作用。阅读本文有利于培养学生的创新思维能力和环境保护的意识。
4.What advantage does planting native woodlands in upland areas have
A.Preventing rainwater into the sky.
B.Taking in plenty of rainwater.
C.Stopping the extreme weather.
D.Helping rainwater run over the surface.
答案及剖析:
4. B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第二段中的“It means that the huge amount of rainwater...probably causes severe flooding.”可知,在高地地区种植原生林地可以吸收大量的雨水。故选B。
5.What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A.Trees can help reduce soil macro-pores.
B.New woodlands are related to extreme weather.
C.Planting new woodlands may prevent serious flooding.
D.Scientists affect the ability of soil to absorb water.
答案及剖析:
5.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第三段中的“Scientists say their findings show...natural flood management tool.”可知,种植新的林地可以防止严重的水灾。故选C。
6.What does Dr Paul Lunt mainly talk about
A.The way of reducing flooding risks.
B.The measures of helping native farmers.
C.The cooperation between farmers and the government.
D.The benefits of planting native woodlands.
答案及剖析:
6.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第六段中的 “However,by working with farmers and...could benefit the uplands themselves,but also those people living on and around them.”可知,Dr Paul Lunt主要讨论了种植原生林地的好处。故选D。
7.Which is the best title for the text
A.New Woodlands Can Help Reduce Flooding Risks
B.Rainwater Will Ruin Mountainous Areas
C.Scientists Has Found Ways to Control Extreme Weather
D.Farmers Have Planted Many Trees to Collect Rainwater
答案及剖析:
7.A 标题归纳题。考查学生理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章第一段“The planting or woodlands in upland areas...affected communities across the world in recent years.”可知,文章主要介绍了在高地地区种植林地可以在防止洪水泛滥方面发挥关键作用。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
If the world wants to control global warming,water shortage and pollution,we all need to welcome “flexitarian” diets.This means 1. (eat) mainly plant-based foods,and is a key step toward 2. environment friendly future for all in 2050,they say.
The authors say that present food industry has a number of environmental effects including being a great driver of climate change,using up freshwater 3. causing pollution through heavy use of chemical fertiliser.The study finds that no single solution will avoid the dangers,so a combined approach 4. (need).So when it comes to climate change,the authors looked at 5. they called a “flexitarian” diet.
“We can eat a range of 6. (health) diets but what they all have in common,according to the 7. (late) scientific evidence,is that they are all 8. (relative) plant-based,” said Dr Marco from the University of Oxford.We call it a “flexitarian” diet over to a vegetarian (素食的) diet.
If the world moved 9. this type of diet,the study finds that greenhouse gas emissions(排放物) from farming would be reduced by more than half.10. (accept) by the experts,this type of diet is bound to be adopted by more and more people.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有利于解决全球变暖、水资源短缺和环境污染问题的一种饮食——“弹性素食”。阅读本文有利于培养学生保护环境、健康生活的意识。
答案及剖析:
1.eating 考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”,动名词作宾语,符合句意。故填eating。
2.an 考查冠词。此处单数名词“future”前面有形容词修饰,为可数名词泛指概念,需用不定冠词限定,因连接的单词“environment”发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
3.and 考查连词。前文“being a great driver of climate change”和“using up freshwater”以及后文“causing pollution through heavy use of chemical fertiliser”是并列关系,连接动名词短语作“including”的宾语。故填and。
4.is needed 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,空格处为谓语,动词“need”和主语“a combined approach”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done);根据句意以及前文“finds”可知,此处为一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数。故填is needed。
5.what 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,动词call接复合宾语,连接代词what引导从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“……的东西”,符合句意。故填what。
6.healthy 考查形容词。根据空格后的名词“diets”可知,此处应用health的形容词healthy,作定语,修饰名词。故填healthy。
7.latest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意以及空格前的定冠词“the”可知,此处应用形容词late的最高级latest修饰后面的名词短语“scientific evidence”。故填latest。
8.relatively 考查副词。修饰名词加过去分词构成的合成词“plant-based”,应用副词。故填relatively。
9.to 考查介词。句意:研究发现,如果全世界都采用这种饮食方式,农业产生的温室气体排放物将减少一半以上。move to意为“移动到(采用)”,是介词和动词的固定搭配,符合句意。故填to。
10.Accepted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空格处为非谓语,动词“accept”和主语“this type of diet”之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词作状语,表原因。句子首字母要大写。故填Accepted。UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
As we all know,there are many kinds of methods of farming.Look at the following pictures,can you tell which kind of farming they belong to
Can you add more examples
Pesticide
Part 1 Reading and Thinking,Learning About Language
1.主题语境:人与社会——农业领域卓有成就的人物。
2.语篇类型:介绍人物的记叙文。
3.课文内容分析:
本文介绍的是农业科学家袁隆平,主要介绍了他的生平事迹、从事农业研究的原因、他为解决粮食短缺问题所付出的努力与取得的成就等,尤其是袁隆平低调、朴素的生活与他对农业的热情形成对比。了解袁隆平对世界稻米生产的巨大贡献,理解他少年立志、甘愿为农业奉献一生的内部和外部原因;激发对以袁隆平为代表的农业科学家的崇敬之情,提升对农业发展意义的认识。
答案:1.a farmer 2.concerned 3.agriculture 4.technical 5.1974 6.innovation 7.celebrity 8.young
1.Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life.(教材第50页)
确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯,与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
◆devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific investigation.
他决定将自己的余生献给科学研究事业。
I shall devote myself to serving my country at the cost of my own life,regardless of fortune or misfortune to myself.
苟利国家生死以,岂因祸福避趋之。
Regardless of the risk of getting infected,Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.(2020全国Ⅰ卷)
不管感染的风险有多大,李大叔对自己的工作都很有责任心和奉献精神。
[备用例句]
①A great person is someone who devotes his/ her life to helping others.
伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
②He’s devoted most of his time to his paintings.
他把大部分时间都花在了作画上。
①devote是及物动词,常接时间、精力、生命等抽象名词作宾语,而“专注”和“奉献”的对象则由介词to引出。
②表示“忠于”“致力于”“献身于”时可用devote oneself to结构,也可用be devoted to结构。
③devote的过去分词devoted可用作形容词,在句中作定语或表语。
单句语法填空
①Before the exam,the students devoted themselves to (prepare) for it.
② (devote) to her research,she has no time to spend a weekend with her family.
③The spirit of selfless (devote) is honourable and admirable.
完成句子
④如果你有一份工作,务必全身心投入,最终你会成功的。
If you have a job, and finally you’ll succeed.
⑤她将自己的生命投入到消除贫困和不公的事业之中。
She fighting poverty and injustice.
答案:①preparing ②Devoted ③devotion ④do devote yourself to it ⑤devoted her life to
2.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(教材第50页)
然而,他最关心的是农民粮食经常歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
◆shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
The shortage of oil will probably drive prices up.
石油短缺很有可能迫使价格上涨。
As a matter of fact,blog is short for weblog.
事实上,blog这个词是weblog的缩写。
He returned to work shortly after his operation.
手术后不久他就回去上班了。
He is called Jim for short.
他被简称为吉姆。
We are short of funds.
我们资金不够。
[备用例句]
①The city is suffering a desperate shortage of water.
这个城市严重缺水。
②The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.
在树木缺水最严重的地区,大树的损失最大。
作为全文总结语,除了短语in short,写作时还常常会用到下面的短语,如in conclusion、 in a word、 in brief、 all in all、 to sum up、 on the whole等。
单句语法填空
①That would be short William,I imagined.
②He is very short money,and can’t afford a new house to replace his old one.
③In the developed countries,there is a great (short) of workforce.
④The work will be completed very (short).
完成句子
⑤由于订单不足,公司解雇了四分之一的员工。
orders,the firm has laid off a quarter of its workforce.
答案:①for ②of ③shortage ④shortly ⑤Because of a shortage of
3.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.(教材第50页)
袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
◆convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
I’m firmly convinced of the significance of honesty,which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
我坚信诚实的重要性,它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
Only by reasoning can we convince people completely.
只有以理服人,才能使人心悦诚服。
Powerful advertising can convince people to buy things.
有力的宣传广告可以说服人们购买东西。
I’m convinced that she’s innocent.
我坚信她是清白的。
[备用例句]
①He convinced the police department to allow him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.(2020天津卷,完形填空)
他说服警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设置几张“聊天凳”。
②He tries to convince us of the reality of the danger.
他试图使我们相信危险的确存在。
形容词convinced表示“感到信服的”,通常形容人的主观感受;而convincing表示“令人信服的”,通常表示性质属性。
单句语法填空
①I think you will help me convince my parents (leave).
②We were able to convince the students the need for wider reading.
③At first he was not at all (convince) about that.
完成句子
④你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。
You’ll need to your enthusiasm for the job.
⑤我们确信2022年北京冬奥会一定会取得成功。
We the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games will be a great success.
答案:①to leave ②of ③convinced
④convince them of ⑤are convinced that
4.The common assumption then was that it could not be done.(教材第50页)
当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。
◆assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得
My assumption that he had passed the exam was wrong.
我本来以为他已通过考试,结果是我错了。
We made an assumption that it was a gas explosion.
我们认为这是一场燃气爆炸事故。
It is generally assumed that smoking is harmful to health.
众所周知,吸烟有害健康。
[备用例句]
①We are wrong to assume that the price would fall.
我们错误地认为价格会下降。
②Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.
你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。
在英语中,有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词,实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类单词有:supposing conj.(假设;如果),provided/providing conj.(假设;如果),considering prep.& conj.(鉴于;考虑到),including prep.(包括;包含)等。
单句语法填空
①I hope to go to college next year, (assume) that I pass my exams.
②We are working on the (assume) that everyone invited will turn up.
③We assumed him (be) the first boy to climb to the mountain.
完成句子
④在听到对他不利的证词之前,你假定他是无罪的。
You before hearing the evidence against him.
⑤一般认为,过重的工作会造成压力。
too much work will cause stress.
答案:①assuming ②assumption ③to be ④assume him to be innocent ⑤It is generally assumed that
5.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.(教材第50页)
这种杂交水稻极大地提高了农民的产量。
◆expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
Could you expand on that point,please
请你把这一点详细说明一下好吗
Our company is eager to expand into new markets.
我们公司急欲开辟新的市场。
The business has expanded greatly over the last year.
过去的一年里,这家公司的业务量有了极大的增加。
[备用例句]
①We have plans to expand into the U.S.market.
我们有进入美国市场的计划。
②Metals expand when heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
[词汇辨析]
expand指范围、体积的扩大、膨胀;
enlarge指面积、体积的扩大;
extend指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长;
spread指物种、疾病、思想、文化等的传播、延伸。
单句语法填空
①To our delight,the narrow path has expanded a wide road.
②The information industries are rapidly (expand).
③A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its (expand).
完成句子
④他的工作室扩大规模,成为一家大公司了。
His studio a big company.
答案:①into ②expanding ③expansion ④was expanded into
6.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tonnes of rice per year.(教材第50～51页)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米大约有60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
(1)estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算
The deal is estimated to be worth around $1.5 million.
这笔交易估计价值在150万美元左右。
This takes ten years of work with an estimated cost of one million dollars per year in research.
这需要10年工作时间,估计每年的研究成本是100万美元。
[备用例句]
①Sorry,madam,I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background.(2020天津卷,阅读理解B)
对不起,女士,我低估了你,因为我不了解你的背景。
②It is not easy to estimate how many people will come.
很难估计多少人会来。
③This figure is double the original estimate.
这一数字是原来估算的两倍。
单句语法填空
①We estimated her age (be) about 40.
②I can give you rough estimate of the amount of building materials you will need.
翻译句子
③这棵树估计至少700岁了。
答案:①to be ②a ③The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
(2)comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成
The collection comprises 327 paintings.=The collection is comprised of 327 paintings.
这部画册收有327幅画。
The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors.
委员会由政府和私营企业双方的代表组成。
The house comprises two bedrooms,a kitchen,and a living room.
这所房子包括两间卧室、一间厨房和一间客厅。
[备用例句]
①Fifteen articles comprise the Volume One of this book.
这本书的第一卷有15篇文章。
②Girl students comprise 60% of the class.
女生占班级的60%。
comprise 表示“由……组成”时,不用于进行时态;consist of没有被动语态,相当于be made up of或be composed of,且不用于进行时。
句型转换
①The class is comprised mainly of Italian and French students.
→Italian and French students .
②Three cool teenagers make up their band.
→Their band three cool teenagers.
一句多译
他的作品集是由诗、散文和短篇小说三部分合编而成的。
③His collection three parts: poems,essays and short stories.
④Three parts: poems,essays and short stories his collection.
答案:①mainly comprise the class ②is made up of ③consists of/is made up of/is composed of/is comprised of
④compose/ make up/comprise
7.His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality,and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.(教材第51页)
他新近的“海水稻”愿景也已经成为现实,有望在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地用于水稻生产。
◆reality n.现实;实际情况;事实
This theory bears no relation to reality.
这个理论和现实没什么联系。
We thought he was joking but in reality he was serious.
我们以为他是在开玩笑,但实际上他是认真的。
The reality is that they are poor.
现状是他们很贫穷。
[备用例句]
①Every great achievement was a vision before it became a reality.
一切伟大的成就在成为现实之前都只是设想。
②If you work hard with a strong will,your dream will certainly be realised.
只要努力工作,并坚定决心,你的梦想一定会实现的。
[词汇辨析]
truth,reality
这两个词都有“真实,现实”的意思。其区别在于:truth强调与实际相符。reality指实际存在、实际看到或经历过的事实,也可指抽象的客观现实,还可指艺术塑造和真实存在非常相像、逼真。
单句语法填空
①Outwardly she seemed confident but reality she felt extremely nervous.
②She was no longer able to distinguish between imagination and (real).
③She tried to turn her dream of running her own business reality.
完成句子
④他看似很适应都市生活,但实际上并非如此。
He came across as streetwise,but .
答案:①in ②reality ③into ④in reality he was not
1.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tonnes of rice per year.(教材第50～51页)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米大约有60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物,这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
◆这个句子的真正主语是从句that about 60 percent...per year。因为真正的主语过长,为了避免句子头重脚轻,所以用形式主语it。构成“It+be+过去分词+that”句型。
It is estimated that the hot weather will last ten days.
据估计炎热的天气还将持续10天。
It was estimated that the birth weight of newborn babies would rise slowly in the three years to come.
预测在未来3年中,新生儿平均出生体重还将缓慢升高。
[备用例句]
①It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
孩子们想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
②It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
据报道,地震中有16人死亡。
在It is suggested/ordered/commanded/...that句型中,从句的谓语动词用should do,而should可以省略。
句型转换
①It is estimated that the new school will be completed next month.
→The new school is estimated (complete) next month.
②It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
→Carbon dioxide is said (heat) the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
完成句子
③人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。
the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
④据报道,科学家们正在努力发明治疗癌症的新药。
that the scientists are trying to invent a new medicine for curing cancer.
答案:①to be completed ②to be heating ③It is hoped that ④It is reported
2.Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy,one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.(教材第51页)
鉴于袁隆平因开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有,有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
◆given可用作介词,表示“考虑到;假定;鉴于”等意思。“given+that从句”意思是“考虑到”,相当于considering或when you consider...。
Given his background,it’s no surprise that he can do this.
考虑到他的背景,他能做这件事情就不令人吃惊了。
Given that he can get another chance,he will surely succeed.
假如他能再得到一次机会,他肯定会成功。
[备用例句]
①Given his age,he is very strong and healthy.
考虑到他的年龄,他可以说是非常健康强壮了。
②Given that the students need more exercise,the headmaster has decided to add more PE classes.
考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼,校长已决定增加更多体育课。
和given that类似的句型还有:
Considering that... 考虑到
Provided/Providing (that)...如果;假设;在……条件下
Suppose/Supposing (that)...假定;假设;设想
完成句子
①考虑到目前的条件,我认为她已做得相当出色。
the present conditions,I think she’s done rather well.
②我花钱通常是很理智的。考虑到自己挣得不多,我必须这样做。
Usually,I am sensible with money,as I have to be, I don’t earn that much.
句型转换
③If they are given time,they’ll probably agree.
→ ,they’ll probably agree.
④Given his support,I think we’ll win the election.
→Given that ,I think we’ll win the election.
答案:①Given/Considering ②given/considering that
③Given time ④he supports us
Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.(教材第50页)
历经千辛万苦,袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题,在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。
◆句中to develop...为不定式作目的状语,that could be used...为定语从句,修饰先行词hybrid rice。
单句情境写作
1.经过艰苦的努力,他克服了巨大的经济困难,开发出了第一个可以在日本市场使用的语言翻译软件。
2.值得赞扬的是,医生们连夜工作挽救那个用直升机从偏远村庄送来的受伤男子的生命。
3.幸运的是,政府成立了一个工作小组来调查这个问题,否则会使情况更糟。
答案:1.Through intense effort,he overcame enormous economical difficulties to develop the first language translator software that could be used in the Japan market.
2.To their credit,the doctors worked through the night to save the life of the injured man who was sent from the remote village by helicopter.
3.Luckily,the government set up a working party to look into the problem that could otherwise make things worse.
1.To tackle this crisis,he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.(教材第50页)
为了应对这一危机,他选择学习农业,就读于重庆西南农学院。
◆crisis n.危机;危急关头
Their friendship has reached crisis point.
他们的友谊已到了危机的地步。
The crisis was getting worse and worse.
危机越来越严重了。
We provide help to families in crisis.
我们对处于困境的家庭提供帮助。
[备用例句]
①They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
他们在金融危机时遭受了巨大的损失。
②The cabinet met to resolve the crisis.
内阁开会,寻求解决危机的办法。
③In times of crisis,we all need to pull together.
在危机时刻,我们都需要通力合作。
单句语法填空
①She had proved that she could be relied on a crisis.
②They do not trust their children to deal with (crisis).
完成句子
③The car industry of that country is now (处于危机之中).
答案:①in ②crises ③in crisis
2.Instead,farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.(教材第50页)
相反,农民需要提高他们拥有的土地的产量。
◆yield n.产量;产出 vt.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服;让步
The climate has grown more equable and the crop yields have risen.
天气变得更加稳定,粮食产量也已经提高。
Scientists have bred new hybrid plants and animals which yield more food.
科学家培育的许多新的杂交植物和动物,产出了更多的食物。
He didn’t yield himself to his rival.
他没有向对手屈服。
[备用例句]
①Constant efforts yield sure success.
功到自然成。
②Last year 400,000 acres of land yielded a crop worth $1.75 billion.
去年40万英亩的土地产值达17.5亿美元。
单句语法填空
①It’s polite to yield your seat on the bus to an old lady.
②You must yield traffic on the main road.
翻译句子
③我们已经表明我们不会屈服于压力。
答案:①up ②to ③We’ve already made it clear that we will not yield to pressure.
主语从句
1.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(教材第50页)
然而,他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
2.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(教材第50页)
如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。
3.However,whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.(教材第50页)
然而,是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种,仍众说纷纭。
4.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains...(教材第50～51页)
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物……
5.What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.(教材第51页)
袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。
仔细观察上面这五个句子,会发现这几个句子全都是主从复合句。第1、第2、第3、第5句分别是由what,how,whether以及what引导的主语从句;第4句是it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的句子。
一、主语从句的含义
在句子中起名词作用的从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句和宾语从句。顾名思义,如果一个分句在句子中担当主语的从句,该分句就成为主语从句。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将要来伦敦是这么久以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否对我们有害还有待观察。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行一次会议是个重要的问题。
翻译句子
①她来不来都无关紧要。
②还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。
答案:①Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
②Which lifestyle is the most beneficial to our health is still unknown.
二、主语从句的引导词。
1.从属连词that,whether。
that在从句中不充当句子成分,也无意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
whether在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末。但由if引导的主语从句不能放在句首,只能放在句末。
That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。
Whether they will get married or not is still uncertain.
他们是否会结婚还不确定。
It is still doubtful whether/if she will play the role.
她是否要演这个角色还不能确定。
2.连接代词who、what、which、whoever、whatever等。
连接代词引导主语从句时,在句中既起连接作用,又在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Whichever you want will be given to you.
你要哪一个就给你哪一个。
Who will hold the meeting matters little.
谁主持会议并不要紧。
Don’t worry about my health, what I need is only a few days’ rest.
别为我的健康而担忧,我需要的只是休息几天而已。
3.连接副词when、where、how、why等。
这些副词在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
I don’t know when the meeting will be held.
我不知道会议什么时候举行。
He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting.
他向我解释了缺席会议的原因。
主语从句中连接词的选择技巧:
确定主语从句中连接词,可以根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分和连接词在从句中的意义两方面进行考虑。
单句语法填空
① we will hold the party in the open air depends on the weather.
② China got the second place in the games made the whole nation very excited.
③ comes will be welcome.
④ he broke into my house remains a question,for the door was locked then.
答案:①Whether ②That ③Whoever ④How
三、形式主语(it)代替主语从句
有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it代替作形式主语,主语从句放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句式如下:为保持句子平衡,常把主语从句后置,而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时,常用于以下句型:
句型 说明
It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用的形容词有important、(un)likely、possible、necessary、natural、wrong等
It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用的名词有fact、idea、honour、question、pity等
It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用的过去分词有known、proved、said、decided、suggested、thought等
It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用的动词有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
It is a pity that you didn’t go to the party last night.
昨天晚上你没去那个派对真是太遗憾了。
It is clear that the two countries can reach an agreement at the conference.
很显然两国能够在会议上达成协议。
It matters a great deal whether he will take the examination.
他是否参加考试很重要。
①在“It+be+形容词+that从句”句型中,如果形容词为necessary、important、strange、natural等时,从句谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”。
It is important that he (should) know about this.他应该知道此事是重要的。
②在“It+be+过去分词+that从句”句型中,如果过去分词为suggested、advised、ordered、requested、required等时,that从句谓语动词使用“(should+)动词原形”。
It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议推迟运动会。
完成句子
①还没有决定将派谁到那里工作。
will be sent to work there.
②根据命令,所有人未经允许不得离开学校。
all the people shouldn’t leave the school without permission.
答案:①It hasn’t been decided who ②It is ordered that
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1.从句要用陈述语序。
How he succeeded finally is still a puzzle.
他最后是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
2.主语从句的主谓一致。
(1)主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式,但如果what引导的从句作主语,代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时,谓语动词常用复数形式。
What I need is your help.
我所需要的是你的帮助。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
3.需要辨别以下几组引导词。
(1)whatever和whoever
whatever和whoever可以引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。在这种情况下,不能换成no matter what/who。此外,它们还可以引导让步状语从句,可以转换成no matter what/ who的形式。
Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.(主语从句)
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。
Keep calm,whatever/no matter what happens.(让步状语从句)
不管发生什么事都要保持镇静。
(2)that和what
what既能引导主语从句,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that...,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。
That he is still alive is a wonder.
他还活着,真是奇迹。(that不作成分)
What surprised me surprised him too.
令我吃惊的是,他也很吃惊。(what作主语)
单句语法填空
①How often he goes to see his grandmother (depend) on the time he can spare.
②What you have to do (be) to choose a company to invest in.
答案:①depends ②is
1. is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16% in 1991.(2020全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解C)
2.Through the activity, I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more determined.(2020天津卷,书面表达)
3. it is,the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读C)
答案及剖析:
1.It 考查主语从句。句意为:据说,25～34岁的人与父母住在一起的比例约为20%,而1991年这一比例为16%。句中it作形式主语代替后面的真正主语that从句。
2.what 考查主语从句。句意为:通过这次活动,我感受到的是我能够承担起责任,让我们更加坚强和坚定。句中what引导主语从句,同时在从句中作谓语felt的宾语。
3.Whatever 考查让步状语从句。句意为:无论它是什么,其结果是对中亚最纯净、传统、完美而生动的描述。whatever引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter what.
Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空
1. we’ll go out depends on the weather.
2. I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.
3. made the long distance call is not important.
4. they will come hasn’t been made public.
5. is known to all that the gunpowder was first invented by the Chinese.
6. is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film with me yesterday.
7. he said at the meeting is very important to us.
8.It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.
答案:1.Whether 2.What 3.Who 4.When 5.It 6.It 7.What 8.that
Ⅱ.句型转换
1.That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
→ that light travels in straight lines.
2.It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.
→ has not been announced.
3.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
→ should be punished.
4.A new film is reported to be put on in the cinema.
→ that a new film will be put on in the cinema.
答案:1.It is known to all 2.When the plane is to take off 3.Whoever breaks the law 4. It is reported
课时作业(九) UNIT 5 Part 1
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.She refuses to face (real).
2.We’d better eat less (salt) food such as ham and bacon.
3. (consume) of oil has declined in recent years.
4.Spending too much now will mean a (short) of cash next year.
5. (convince)that his friend would survive,he told the police where they had parted.
6. The method is very (convention) in her views but very useful.
7. I’m afraid I have no alternative but (report) you to the police.
8.Unlike many actors,he never enjoyed his (celebrate).
9.New Zealand is mainly composed two islands,the larger of which is the South Island.
10. It was impossible to make (assume) about people’s reactions.
答案:1.reality 2.salty 3.Consumption 4.shortage 5.Convinced 6.conventional 7.to report 8.celebrity 9.of 10.assumptions
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.农民只占该国总人口的1.2%。(comprise)
2.我们应该致力于环境保护和生态建设。(devote to)
3.在内心深处,他们意识到幸福是买不到的,但却是可以被分享的。(deep down)
4.据估计这项损失达12 000元。(estimate)
5.科学家们正在努力地把这些奇怪的想法变成现实。(reality)
6.考虑到他没有经验,他的工作已经做得很好了。(given that)
答案:1.Farmers comprise just 1.2 percent of the country’s population.
2.We should devote ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
3.Deep down,they realise that happiness can’t be bought,but it can be shared.
4.It is estimated the damage is at 12,000 yuan.
5.Scientists are working hard to turn these strange ideas into realities.
6.Given that he is inexperienced,he has done a good job.
Ⅰ.阅读
A
There are many gardening tips.Some suggest playing music for your house plants,having conversations with them,or even giving them a gentle touch now and then.Most of these practices are probably more for the benefit of the gardener than the garden,and generally harmless enough but except the last one.Your plants really dislike it when you touch them.
A new study out of the La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food has found that most plants are extremely sensitive to touch,and even a light touch can seriously affect their growth.“The lightest touch from a human,animal,insect,or even plants touching each other in the wind,can make a huge gene (基因) response in the plant,” Jim Whelan,who led the new study,said.“Within 30 minutes of being touched,10% of the plant’s genome (基因组) is changed.This causes a huge loss of energy which is taken away from plant growth.If the touching is repeated,then plant growth is reduced by up to 30%.”
Whelan and his team are still trying to find out why plants respond,at the genetic level,so strongly.They do have some theories,however.“We know that when an insect lands on a plant,genes are awakened to prepare the plant to defend itself against being eaten,” said Dr Yan Wang,co-author of the study.
Until more research is done,it’s just a guess at this point.Still,the findings might already lead to new methods for how agriculturalists deal with their crops,which will best promote (促进) healthier growth.
It’s worth noticing that while the study found that plants often respond to just a single touch in negative ways,it’s really repeated touching that causes lasting unhealthy growth.That’s because the plants are looking for styles in the touching,to tell harmful touch from random touch.So it doesn’t matter if you accidently brush up against a bush during a walk through the woods.
1. How is the passage mainly developed
A.By giving examples.
B.By comparing and describing.
C.By listing numbers.
D.By showing results of studies.
2.Why can touching prevent a plant growing according to the study
A.It leads to the plant’s energy waste.
B.It makes the plant sensitive to dangers.
C.It causes a genetic disorder in the plant.
D.It prevents the plant receiving sunlight.
3. What is the passage mainly about
A.Something is done to help plants grow.
B.Plants’ genome can be changed easily.
C.Plants don’t really like to be touched.
D.What we do every day may destroy plants.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究,研究发现植物不喜欢被触摸,并分析了相关原因。阅读本文有利于培养学生人与环境、人与动植物和谐共存的意识。
答案及剖析:
1.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第二段“A new study out of the La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food has found...If the touching is repeated,then plant growth is reduced by up to 30%.’”可知,这篇文章主要是通过展示研究结果来展开的。故选D。
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第二段中的“Within 30 minutes of being touched,10% of the plant’s...reduced by up to 30%.”可知,根据这项研究,触摸可以阻止植物生长,因为触摸导致了植物的能量浪费。故选A。
3.C 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章第一段中的“Your plants really dislike it when you touch them.”和第二段中的“A new study out of the La Trobe Institute...even a light touch can seriously affect their growth.”可知,本文主要介绍了一项研究,研究发现植物不喜欢被触摸,并分析了相关原因,因此C项“植物真的不喜欢被触摸。”符合题意。故选C。
B
The planting or woodlands in upland areas could play a key role in preventing the flooding which has increasingly affected communities across the world in recent years.
A new study by the University of Plymouth has shown that within just 15 years of being planted,native broadleaf trees can have a great effect on soil’s response during extreme weather events.It means that the huge amount of rainwater can be more readily absorbed,rather than simply running over the surface and into rivers where it probably causes severe flooding.
Scientists say their findings show that planting more native woodlands in upland areas could be an effective and natural flood management tool.There have been a number of extreme rainfall and flooding events in recent years,and they are predicted to increase in both frequency and seriousness in the future as a result of human-caused climate change.
They show that in areas where new woodlands have been planted,the ability of soil to absorb water is almost double that of areas with no trees,which is associated with increases in soil macro-pores (大孔隙) and reductions in soil compaction(压实).This means the speed at which rainwater enters rivers during rainfall events is obviously reduced,which helps lower peak flow.
However,the nature of the soil and location of the woodlands are also critical to their success,with steep hillside on the edge of upland areas providing the most effective location for tree plantations to serve as an effective flood prevention tool.
Dr Paul Lunt,Associate Professor in Environmental Science added,“There are a lot of weak upland catchment (集水) areas across the UK.However,by working with farmers and the government’s farm woodland measures,this study has shown that damaged soil can recover rapidly.This is particularly obvious on hillsides which are traditionally not so good for farming.So there is an opportunity for a joined-up approach which could benefit the uplands themselves,but also those people living on and around them.”
4.What advantage does planting native woodlands in upland areas have
A.Preventing rainwater into the sky.
B.Taking in plenty of rainwater.
C.Stopping the extreme weather.
D.Helping rainwater run over the surface.
5. What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A.Trees can help reduce soil macro-pores.
B.New woodlands are related to extreme weather.
C.Planting new woodlands may prevent serious flooding.
D.Scientists affect the ability of soil to absorb water.
6. What does Dr Paul Lunt mainly talk about
A.The way of reducing flooding risks.
B.The measures of helping native farmers.
C.The cooperation between farmers and the government.
D.The benefits of planting native woodlands.
7.Which is the best title for the text
A.New Woodlands Can Help Reduce Flooding Risks
B.Rainwater Will Ruin Mountainous Areas
C.Scientists Has Found Ways to Control Extreme Weather
D.Farmers Have Planted Many Trees to Collect Rainwater
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在高地地区种植林地可以在防止洪水泛滥方面发挥关键作用。阅读本文有利于培养学生的创新思维能力和环境保护的意识。
答案及剖析:
4. B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第二段中的“It means that the huge amount of rainwater...probably causes severe flooding.”可知,在高地地区种植原生林地可以吸收大量的雨水。故选B。
5.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第三段中的“Scientists say their findings show...natural flood management tool.”可知,种植新的林地可以防止严重的水灾。故选C。
6.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第六段中的 “However,by working with farmers and...could benefit the uplands themselves,but also those people living on and around them.”可知,Dr Paul Lunt主要讨论了种植原生林地的好处。故选D。
7.A 标题归纳题。考查学生理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章第一段“The planting or woodlands in upland areas...affected communities across the world in recent years.”可知,文章主要介绍了在高地地区种植林地可以在防止洪水泛滥方面发挥关键作用。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
If the world wants to control global warming,water shortage and pollution,we all need to welcome “flexitarian” diets.This means 1. (eat) mainly plant-based foods,and is a key step toward 2. environment friendly future for all in 2050,they say.
The authors say that present food industry has a number of environmental effects including being a great driver of climate change,using up freshwater 3. causing pollution through heavy use of chemical fertiliser.The study finds that no single solution will avoid the dangers,so a combined approach 4. (need).So when it comes to climate change,the authors looked at 5. they called a “flexitarian” diet.
“We can eat a range of 6. (health) diets but what they all have in common,according to the 7. (late) scientific evidence,is that they are all 8. (relative) plant-based,” said Dr Marco from the University of Oxford.We call it a “flexitarian” diet over to a vegetarian (素食的) diet.
If the world moved 9. this type of diet,the study finds that greenhouse gas emissions(排放物) from farming would be reduced by more than half.10. (accept) by the experts,this type of diet is bound to be adopted by more and more people.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有利于解决全球变暖、水资源短缺和环境污染问题的一种饮食——“弹性素食”。阅读本文有利于培养学生保护环境、健康生活的意识。
答案及剖析:
1.eating 考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”,动名词作宾语,符合句意。故填eating。
2.an 考查冠词。此处单数名词“future”前面有形容词修饰,为可数名词泛指概念,需用不定冠词限定,因连接的单词“environment”发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
3.and 考查连词。前文“being a great driver of climate change”和“using up freshwater”以及后文“causing pollution through heavy use of chemical fertiliser”是并列关系,连接动名词短语作“including”的宾语。故填and。
4.is needed 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,空格处为谓语,动词“need”和主语“a combined approach”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done);根据句意以及前文“finds”可知,此处为一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数。故填is needed。
5.what 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,动词call接复合宾语,连接代词what引导从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“……的东西”,符合句意。故填what。
6.healthy 考查形容词。根据空格后的名词“diets”可知,此处应用health的形容词healthy,作定语,修饰名词。故填healthy。
7.latest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意以及空格前的定冠词“the”可知,此处应用形容词late的最高级latest修饰后面的名词短语“scientific evidence”。故填latest。
8.relatively 考查副词。修饰名词加过去分词构成的合成词“plant-based”,应用副词。故填relatively。
9.to 考查介词。句意:研究发现,如果全世界都采用这种饮食方式,农业产生的温室气体排放物将减少一半以上。move to意为“移动到(采用)”,是介词和动词的固定搭配,符合句意。故填to。
10.Accepted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空格处为非谓语,动词“accept”和主语“this type of diet”之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词作状语,表原因。句子首字母要大写。故填Accepted。(共72张PPT)
Part 2 Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
学习理解·语篇解构
核心知识·深入探究
备用讲义
写作专项指导
课时作业
学习理解·语篇解构
1.主题语境:人与社会——评估化学耕作和有机耕作
2.语篇类型:说明文
3.课文内容分析
本文介绍了化学耕作和有机耕作两种耕作方式的特点,分析了各自的优缺点,最后的结论是人类如果想要既吃得饱又吃得健康,同时保持环境的可持续发展,还有很长的路要走。阅读本文,可以启发学生从多角度思考农业耕作的方式,辩证地看待化学耕作和有机耕作的问题。
语篇导读 先行把握
多维解读 深度剖析
land
lead to
nutrition
minerals
chemicals
natural
change
use
重点词汇
1.It is celebrated in more than 150 countries,raising awareness and
knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and poverty.
(教材第54页)
它在150多个国家举行庆祝活动,提高人们对世界饥饿和贫困背后的问题和原因的
认识和了解。
核心知识·深入探究
◆poverty n.贫穷;贫困
Happily,this village has risen above the poverty line.
令人高兴的是,这个村已经脱离了贫困线。
[备用例句]
There is a disappointing poverty of creativity in their work.
他们的工作缺乏创造力,令人失望。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He was shocked by the (poor)he saw around him.
②The poor man poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway.
③The programme for the evening party was (poor) organised.
翻译句子
④这个国家三分之一的人口生活在贫困线或以下。
.
.
poverty
in
poorly
A third of the population in this country is living at or below the poverty line.
2.This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and
humans who digest them.(教材第55页)
这会影响土里种植的作物,继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
◆in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
Each of us in turn had to be asked the same question by her.
我们每个人都得依次被她问同样的问题。
When my mother was ill,my brother and I took care of her in turn.
母亲生病时,我和兄弟轮流看护她。
Increased production will,in turn,lead to increased profits.
增加生产会继而增加利润。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke turn.
②Now that we have finished the design,it is their turn .
(construct).
③At the meeting we took turns (put) forward a number
of suggestions.
④The two daughters looked after their sick mother turns.
完成句子
⑤他们轮流照顾他的妹妹。
They attending his little sister.
⑥轮到你来擦窗户了。
to clean the windows.
in
to construct
to put
by
took
turns
in/at
It’s
your
turn
3.They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more
water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.
(教材第55页)
此类作物外表靓丽,而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质,并且往往口感较差。
◆essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
Even in small companies,computers are an essential tool.
即使在小公司里,计算机也是必不可少的工具。
It’s essential for you to make the right decisions at the very start.
重要的是你从一开始就要做出正确的决定。
[备用例句]
①The words are essential for everybody to learn English.
这些词对于每一个英语学习者来说,都是必备的。
②It is essential that you get a visa before you travel abroad.
到国外旅游之前拿到签证是必不可少的。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Sun and water are essential the growth of crops.
②It is essential for us (set) our goal realistically.
③It is essential that he (learn) Chinese history.
翻译句子
④有必要采取有效的措施来保障我们公民的权利。
.
.
to/for
to set
(should) learn
It is essential that effective measures(should) be taken to protect our civil rights.
4.As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming...
(教材第55页)
作为一种替代方法,有些农民已经转向有机耕作……
◆alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
We are very sad to have to do this,but there is no other alternative.
我们为不得不这么做而感到难过,但是现在没有别的选择。
We have no alternative but to fire Tom.
除了解雇汤姆,我们别无选择。
There were alternative methods of travel available.
有其他的旅行方式可供选择。
[备用例句]
There are alternative sources of nutrition to animal meat.
有能替代动物肉类的其他营养来源。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
①“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有:have no choice but to do sth.;
can’t do sth.but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.等。在这些结构中,
若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式,but之后要用省略to的不定式,否则,but之
后的to不能省略。
②在短语an alternative to中,to为介词。
语境运用
单句语法填空
① (alternative),he may sell products to an export company.
②The soldier had no alternative but (obey) orders.
③If you don’t like the school lunch,you have the alternative of
(bring) your own.
④Fruit is a healthy alternative chocolate.
完成句子
⑤The criminal (除……别无选择)
to tell the truth of his crime.
Alternatively
to obey
bringing
to
had
no
alternative/choice
but
5.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of
soil to help keep it rich.(教材第56页)
有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样性作物,以保持土壤肥沃。
◆depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
What’s the depth of the water here
这儿的水有多深
We will discuss these three areas in depth.
我们将深入探讨这3个领域。
[备用例句]
I didn’t go in depth into the matter with him.
这个问题我没同他深谈。
归纳拓展
温馨提示:
要注意以下量词的词形变化:
adj. deep high wide long broad strong
n. depth height width length breadth strength
v. deepen heighten widen lengthen broaden strengthen
语境运用
单句语法填空
①Plant the beans a depth of about six inches.
②This is a new subject and needs to be explored depth.
③I was in the (deep) of despair when the baby was sick.
完成句子
④我相信,大多数开发者在内心深处都想当英雄。
,I believe most developers want to be the hero.
at
in
depths
Deep
down
重点句式
1.As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast
to be rich in nutrition.(教材第55页)
至于化学肥料,用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。
◆句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition为too...to...结构。too...to...意为“太……而不能……”,表示否定含义。
Nothing is too small to celebrate.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
小事再小也值得庆祝。
We can’t be too careful to do our homework.
我们做作业时越细心越好。
The little boy is too shy to speak to her.
小男孩太害羞,不敢和她讲话。
She is too young to know right from wrong.
她太小,还分不清是非。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
有时too...to...也表示肯定意义:
①too后跟anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased、ready、willing等表示心情、
心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时;
②too前有but、only、all等词对其进行修饰时;
③否定词not、never等用在too前时。
语境运用
翻译句子
①汤姆个头太矮了,够不着桌子上的苹果。
.
②他急于知道考试结果。
.
③我能找到人聊聊天,太高兴了。
.
句型转换
④She was so excited that she couldn’t say a word when she heard the news.
→She to say a word when she heard the news.
Tom is too short to reach the apples on the table.
He is too eager to know the result of the examination.
I am only too happy to have someone to speak to.
was
too
excited
2.Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals
back into the ground,making it ready again for the next batch of crops.
(教材第56页)
种植不同作物的原因,是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中,让土壤为下一批
作物(的种植)做好准备。
◆句中making it...为现在分词短语作结果状语,表示前面的情况所造成的结果,
making的逻辑主语为前面的整个句子,所表示的是谓语动词的直接结果,是意料中的结果。
Many people moved to New York,making it the largest city in the USA.
很多人去了纽约,使之成为美国最大的城市。
The car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.
这辆车遇到了交通堵塞,结果晚点了。
[备用例句]
①A hearty laugh relieves physical tension,leaving your muscles relaxed
for over half an hour.
开怀大笑缓解身体紧张,让你的肌肉放松超过半个小时。
②The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.
那孩子滑了一跤,头撞到了门上。
归纳拓展
温馨提示
动词不定式也可作结果状语,但它通常表示一种“偶然的;出人意料的”结果,有时为了强调这种意外的结果,可在不定式前面加only,译为“(结果)却……;只(只是)……”。
语境运用
完成句子
①I hurried to his house, .
(结果却发现他不在家).
②He fell off the bike, .
(头撞到了一块大石头上).
③More highways have been built in China, .
(使更容易) for people to travel from one place to another.
only
to
find
him
out
hitting
his
head
against
a
big
stone
making
it
much
easier
句型转换
④His parents died early and left him an orphan.
→His parents died early, .
⑤The snow lasted a week,which resulted in a serious traffic confusion
in the whole area.
→The snow lasted a week, .
.
leaving
him
an
orphan
resulting
in
a
serious
traffic
confusion
in
the
whole
area
长难句分析
What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(教材第56页)
他们不能如愿的原因是化学耕作满足了全世界对食物的高需求。
◆句中What keeps them from doing so为what引导的主语从句,that chemical farming...around the world是that引导的同位语从句。
语境运用
单句情境写作
1.昨天发生严重事故的原因是他开车太快。
What caused the serious accident yesterday was the fact that he was driving too fast.
2.但是我发现最令我感动的却是,他们把做这些都当作理所当然的。
But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.
3.最让我不安的是她撒了谎。
What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.
备用讲义
What other important aspects of agriculture do you want to know about (教材第58页)
你还想了解农业的哪些重要方面
◆aspect n.方面;层面;朝向;方位
This was one aspect of her character he hadn’t seen before.
这是他过去没有了解到的她性格的一个方面。
Students may pursue research in any aspect of computational linguistics.
学生可以就计算语言学的任何一个方面展开研究。
He has made progress in every aspect.
他在各方面都有起色。
The house has a south-west aspect.
房子为西南朝向。
归纳拓展
语境运用
单句语法填空
①He showed us every (aspect) of the game that we had never
seen before.
②The relations between our two countries have improved markedly .
every aspect.
③Have you thought about the problem every aspect
翻译句子
④他对这里工作的各方面都感兴趣。
.
aspect
in
from
He was interested in all aspects of the work here.
写作专项指导
Write an argumentative essay on forming
文本解读
1.文本类型:辩论型文章。
2.要点内容:
①化学种植和有机种植的不同种植方法;
②化学种植和有机种植对环境的不同影响。
思路指引
实用表达
1.表达观点型文章常用词组:
have a positive attitude 有一个积极的态度
draw a conclusion 得出结论
contribute to your health 有助于你的身体健康
put forward a suggestion 提出建议
do harm to people’s health 伤害人们的健康
cause a lot of diseases 导致很多疾病
a waste of money 浪费钱
give up smoking 戒烟
take my advice into consideration 考虑我的建议
stay away from junk food 远离垃圾食品
2.表达观点型文章首段常用句式:
I’m sorry to hear/learn that...
听说……我很难过
In my opinion,it is wrong to/that...
在我看来,……是错误的
I don’t think it is a very good way to...
我认为……不是一个很好的方法
Thank you for your letter asking me about...
谢谢你来信询问我有关……
I’m writing to persuade you to quit/give up...
我写信是劝你放弃……
3.表达观点型文章中段常用句式:
Here are my reasons.First of all,I think it would be better if...
我的理由如下。首先,我认为如果……会更好
The reasons for...are as follows.First,...Second,...Last but not least,...
……的原因如下。首先,…… 第二,…… 最后但同样重要的是,……
On the one hand...,on the other hand...
一方面……,另一方面……
No one can ignore the fact that...
没有人能忽视……的事实
If I were you,I would...
如果我是你,我会……
In short/In conclusion/In closing...
总之……
All things considered...
从各方面看来……
As far as I’m concerned,...
就我而言,……
From what has been discussed above,...
通过以上讨论,……
Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
请考虑我的建议,做出最后的决定。
4.表达观点型文章尾段常用句式:
佳作建构
假设你是李华,最近,你班开展了主题为“Chemical Farming or Organic Farming”的征文活动。请写一篇你支持开展有机农业的英语文章,发表在学校校报的英语专版上。
1.化学农业的危害;
2.有机农业的优点及理由;
3.根据自己掌握的相关知识,批判性地发表自己的观点。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. n.不足;缺少;短缺
2. vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
3. adj.传统的;习惯的
4. adj.热切的;十分强烈 的;激烈的
5. vt.产生;引起
6. 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
7. n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土
8. adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品
9. n.味道;特点;特色
10. n.肥料
11. adj.有营养的;营养丰富的
12. adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
13. adv.全部地;完整地;完全地
shortage
attain
conventional
intense
generate
deep down
soil
chemical
flavour
fertiliser
nutritious
organic
entirely
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
翻译句子
1.最近我们班就化学农业和有机农业举行了一场激烈的讨论。
2.在我看来,我们应该提倡有机农业。
Recently our class held an intense discussion on chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.
In my opinion,we should advocate organic agriculture.
3.化学农业存在着诸多不足。它通常是通过在深层使用大量的化学肥料来实现。
There are many shortages existing in chemical agriculture. It is often attained by using lots of chemical fertilisers deep down.
Organic farming involves no chemicals and it benefits both our health and the environment.
4.残留在作物内部的化学物质很难被洗掉,这往往会导致癌症或其他疾病。
5.而且,用传统化学方法生产的食物味道不好。
The chemicals staying inside the crops are hard to be washed off,which often causes cancer or other illnesses.
Also,food that is produced in the conventional chemical way tastes bad.
6.有机农业不涉及化学品,对我们的健康和环境都有利。
7.更重要的是,有机种植的农民使用完全自然的方法来保持土壤肥沃,作物以健康的
方式生长。
More importantly,organic farmers use entirely natural means to keep the soil rich and crops grow in a healthy way.
8.农作物、蔬菜和水果味道更好,也更有营养。
The crops,vegetables and fruits have a better flavour and are more nutritious.
9.俗话说,健康是第一财富,所以选择有机食品是更明智的。
As a saying goes,health is the first wealth,so it is wiser to choose organic food.
亮点提升
1.用what引导的主语从句升级第2句。
In my opinion,what our society needs is to advocate organic agriculture.
2.用which引导的定语从句升级第3句。
There are many shortages existing in chemical agriculture,which is often attained by using lots of chemical fertilisers deep down.
3.用现在分词作结果状语升级第4句。
The chemicals staying inside the crops are hard to be washed off,often causing cancer or other illnesses.
4.用过去分词作定语简化第5句。
Also,food produced in the conventional chemical way tastes bad.
5.用现在分词作伴随状语升级第6句。
Organic farming involves no chemicals,benefiting both our health and the environment.
6.将第7句和第8句合并为一个句子,使之更加有条理。
Organic farmers use entirely natural means to keep the soil rich and crops grow in a healthy way,so the crops,vegetables and fruits have a better flavour and are more nutritious.
范文展示
Recently our class held an intense discussion on chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.In my opinion,what our society needs is to advocate organic agriculture.The following are my reasons.
On one hand,there are many shortages existing in chemical agriculture,which is often attained by using lots of chemical fertilisers deep down.The chemicals staying inside the crops are hard to be washed off,often causing cancer or other illnesses.Also,food produced in the conventional chemical way tastes bad.On the other hand,organic farming involves no chemicals,benefiting both our health and the environment.More importantly,organic farmers use entirely natural means to keep the soil rich and crops grow in a healthy way,so the crops,vegetables and fruits have a better flavour and are more nutritious.
As a saying goes,health is the first wealth,so it is wiser to choose organic food.
写作练习
假设你是李华,你所在的中学正面向学生征集意见,询问学生是否赞成开设线上课堂(online classrooms)。请给校长写一封电子邮件,表达你赞同开设线上课堂的观点。要点如下:
1.网上教学资源丰富;
2.提高课堂效率;
3.线上课堂利于环保;
4.其他理由。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头、结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Headmaster,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
写作指导
One possible version:
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening online classrooms.I am in favour of this plan for the following reasons.
To begin with,everyone learns differently.Students can customise their smart devices with materials that fit their level and learning style.Moreover,when connected to the Internet,students can interact with teachers from all over the world and enjoy tons of useful materials,which obviously will enable them to learn more efficiently.For the sake of environmental protection,opening online classrooms is a good way to save trees that we have been cutting down for paper.Most importantly,I believe students will develop their interests by enjoying a new way of learning.
I hope you would take my ideas into consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.My (digest) is terrible and now I think I have to go to
see a doctor.
2.In an ideal world there would be no (poor) and disease.
3.The (deep) of the well is around 6 metres.
4.We shall see that this is not (entire) true.
5. instance,gas stations,cafes are allowed to keep operating
on Sundays.
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
digestion
poverty
depth
entirely
For
6.Do you know how much you spend on clothes and (grocery)
annually
7.We will discuss each of these items turn.
8.He had strayed from the path of (convention) behaviour.
9.It is important to introduce children to healthy .
(nutrition) foods from when they begin to eat solids.
10.Some of these (bacterium) are actually good for you.
groceries
in
conventional
nutritious
bacteria
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.出口的下降反过来又减少了国内的支出。(in turn)
Falling exports have,in turn,decreased domestic spending.
2.例如,如果你发现有人偷东西,你会怎么做 (for instance)
What would you do,for instance,if you found someone stealing
3.我们的价格保持竞争力是至关重要的。(essential)
It is essential that our prices remain competitive.
4.作为备选方案,可以执行以下步骤。(alternative)
As an alternative,the following steps can be performed.
5.农民们采取措施使他们的庄稼免受病害。(free from)
The farmers take measures to keep their crops free from disease.
6.这跟我要找的颜色差远了。(nowhere near)
It’s nowhere near the colour I’m looking for.
话题延伸·素养升华
阅读
A
The food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health.Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945,some researchers realised that things commonly used to keep colours in meats and other food additives
(添加剂) caused cancer.
Yet,these additives remain in our food,and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings(包装) of foods are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to their animals,and because of this,penicillin has been found in the milk of cows.Sometimes similar things are supplied to animals not for their health,but just to make a profit.
The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market.Although some countries have tried to control such things,the practice continues.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是食物虽然可以让我们生存,但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的,所以我们要特别注意自己的饮食健康。阅读本文有利于培养学生养成健康的生活方式。
1.According to this passage,we can know .
A.perhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eat
B.perhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eat
C.cancer was discovered in 1945
D.science has made food unfit to eat
答案及剖析:
1.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第一段中的“Some research has shown...is related to food as well.”可知,也许大多数的人类疾病是由我们的饮食引起的。故选A。
2.Things that are used to keep colours in meats are .
A.harmful B.useless
C.helpless D.dangerous
答案及剖析:
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第一段中的“In 1945,some researchers realised...other food additives(添加剂) caused cancer.”可知,用来保持肉类颜色的东西是有害的。故选A。
3.People use additives .
A.to make food more unfit to eat
B.to improve the colour of the food
C.to change the colour of the food
D.to take off the disease of the food
答案及剖析:
3.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第一段中的“In 1945,some researchers realised that things commonly used to keep colours in meats and other food additives(添加剂) caused cancer.”可推断,人们往往使用添加剂来改善食物的颜色。故选B。
B
At every turn in the Netherlands,the future of sustainable(可持续的) agriculture is taking shape—not in the meeting rooms of big companies but on thousands of modest family farms.
You can see it vividly on the farm run by Ted Duijvestijn and his brothers.At the Duijvestijns’ 36-acre greenhouse near the old city of Delf,visitors wander among the deep green tomato plants,which are 20 feet tall.Rooted not in soil but in materials made from leaves and stalks,the plants are heavy with tomatoes—15 varieties in all—to suit the taste of the most demanding customers.
Since 2004,the Duijvestijns have declared resource independence on every front.The farm produces all of its own energy and fertiliser and even some of the packaging materials necessary for the crop’s distribution and sale.The growing environment is kept at perfect temperatures year-round by geothermal heat(地热) that can be found under at least half of the Netherlands.Only rainwater is used for irrigation.Each kilogram of tomatoes from their plants requires less than 15 kilograms of water,compared with 61 kilograms for plants in open fields.Once each year the entire crop is regrown from seeds,and the old plants are processed to make packaging materials.The few pests that manage to enter the greenhouse are greeted by an army of fierce insects that shows no interest in tomatoes.The nutrition in the soil can be improved by growing plants that work with certain bacteria to produce their own fertiliser.In short,it’s an entirely self-contained food system.
“Look at the island of Bali in Indonesia!” Ted explains.“For at least a thousand years,its farmers have raised ducks and fish within the same rice field.It’s irrigated by the canal systems sculpted by human hands along mountains.They are our model.”
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰Duijvestijns生态农场的基本情况。阅读本文有利于培养学生关于人与环境、人与动植物和谐共存的意识。
4.What can we learn about the Duijvestijns’ tomatoes
A.Their colour is deep green.
B.There are 15 on each plant.
C.They are very tasty.
D.They grow in rich natural soil.
答案及剖析:
4.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第二段中的“Rooted not in soil but in materials...to suit the taste of the most demanding customers.”可知,Ted Duijvestijns农场生产的西红柿非常美味。故选C。
5.The Duijvestijns,greenhouse .
A.does not have insects
B.is heated by solar energy
C.produces its own chemical fertiliser
D.consumes much less water
答案及剖析:
5.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第三段中的“Each kilogram of tomatoes from their plants requires less than 15 kilograms of water,compared with 61 kilograms for plants in open fields.”可知,Duijvestijns生态农场耗水量少。故选D。
6.What does the underlined word “self-contained” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Independent. B.Reliable.
C.Satisfying. D.Separated.
答案及剖析:
6.A 词义猜测题。根据第三段的主题句“Since 2004,the Duijvestijns have declared resource independence on every front.”以及本段的细节内容可推断,该农场完全能自给自足,self-contained意为“自给自足的”。故选A。
7.Why does Ted mention the island of Bali
A.He is attracted to its canal systems.
B.He will also raise ducks in his farm.
C.He wants to see the beautiful island.
D.He appreciates its farming methods.
答案及剖析:
7.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章最后一段中的“They are our model.”可推断,Ted提到巴厘岛是因为他非常欣赏巴厘岛上的耕作方法。故选D。
点击进入 核心素养提升Part 2 Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time
1.主题语境:人与社会——评估化学耕作和有机耕作
2.语篇类型:说明文
3.课文内容分析
本文介绍了化学耕作和有机耕作两种耕作方式的特点,分析了各自的优缺点,最后的结论是人类如果想要既吃得饱又吃得健康,同时保持环境的可持续发展,还有很长的路要走。阅读本文,可以启发学生从多角度思考农业耕作的方式,辩证地看待化学耕作和有机耕作的问题。
答案:1.land 2.lead to 3.nutrition 4.minerals 5.chemicals 6.natural 7.change 8.use
1.It is celebrated in more than 150 countries,raising awareness and knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and poverty.(教材第54页)
它在150多个国家举行庆祝活动,提高人们对世界饥饿和贫困背后的问题和原因的认识和了解。
◆poverty n.贫穷;贫困
Happily,this village has risen above the poverty line.
令人高兴的是,这个村已经脱离了贫困线。
[备用例句]
There is a disappointing poverty of creativity in their work.
他们的工作缺乏创造力,令人失望。
单句语法填空
①He was shocked by the (poor)he saw around him.
②The poor man poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway.
③The programme for the evening party was (poor) organised.
翻译句子
④这个国家三分之一的人口生活在贫困线或以下。
答案:①poverty ②in ③poorly ④A third of the population in this country is living at or below the poverty line.
2.This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.(教材第55页)
这会影响土里种植的作物,继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
◆in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
Each of us in turn had to be asked the same question by her.
我们每个人都得依次被她问同样的问题。
When my mother was ill,my brother and I took care of her in turn.
母亲生病时,我和兄弟轮流看护她。
Increased production will,in turn,lead to increased profits.
增加生产会继而增加利润。
单句语法填空
①There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke turn.
②Now that we have finished the design,it is their turn (construct).
③At the meeting we took turns (put) forward a number of suggestions.
④The two daughters looked after their sick mother turns.
完成句子
⑤他们轮流照顾他的妹妹。
They attending his little sister.
⑥轮到你来擦窗户了。
to clean the windows.
答案:①in ②to construct ③to put ④by ⑤took turns in/at ⑥It’s your turn
3.They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.(教材第55页)
此类作物外表靓丽,而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质,并且往往口感较差。
◆essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
Even in small companies,computers are an essential tool.
即使在小公司里,计算机也是必不可少的工具。
It’s essential for you to make the right decisions at the very start.
重要的是你从一开始就要做出正确的决定。
[备用例句]
①The words are essential for everybody to learn English.
这些词对于每一个英语学习者来说,都是必备的。
②It is essential that you get a visa before you travel abroad.
到国外旅游之前拿到签证是必不可少的。
单句语法填空
①Sun and water are essential the growth of crops.
②It is essential for us (set) our goal realistically.
③It is essential that he (learn) Chinese history.
翻译句子
④有必要采取有效的措施来保障我们公民的权利。
答案:①to/for ②to set ③(should) learn ④It is essential that effective measures(should) be taken to protect our civil rights.
4.As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming...(教材第55页)
作为一种替代方法,有些农民已经转向有机耕作……
◆alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
We are very sad to have to do this,but there is no other alternative.
我们为不得不这么做而感到难过,但是现在没有别的选择。
We have no alternative but to fire Tom.
除了解雇汤姆,我们别无选择。
There were alternative methods of travel available.
有其他的旅行方式可供选择。
[备用例句]
There are alternative sources of nutrition to animal meat.
有能替代动物肉类的其他营养来源。
①“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有:have no choice but to do sth.; can’t do sth.but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.等。在这些结构中,若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式,but之后要用省略to的不定式,否则,but之后的to不能省略。
②在短语an alternative to中,to为介词。
单句语法填空
① (alternative),he may sell products to an export company.
②The soldier had no alternative but (obey) orders.
③If you don’t like the school lunch,you have the alternative of (bring) your own.
④Fruit is a healthy alternative chocolate.
完成句子
⑤The criminal (除……别无选择) to tell the truth of his crime.
答案:①Alternatively ②to obey ③bringing
④to ⑤had no alternative/choice but
5.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(教材第56页)
有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样性作物,以保持土壤肥沃。
◆depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
What’s the depth of the water here
这儿的水有多深
We will discuss these three areas in depth.
我们将深入探讨这3个领域。
[备用例句]
I didn’t go in depth into the matter with him.
这个问题我没同他深谈。
温馨提示:
要注意以下量词的词形变化:
adj. deep high wide long broad strong
n. depth height width length breadth strength
v. deepen heighten widen lengthen broaden strengthen
单句语法填空
①Plant the beans a depth of about six inches.
②This is a new subject and needs to be explored depth.
③I was in the (deep) of despair when the baby was sick.
完成句子
④我相信,大多数开发者在内心深处都想当英雄。
,I believe most developers want to be the hero.
答案:①at ②in ③depths ④Deep down
1.As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.(教材第55页)
至于化学肥料,用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。
◆句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition为too...to...结构。too...to...意为“太……而不能……”,表示否定含义。
Nothing is too small to celebrate.(2020全国Ⅰ卷,七选五)
小事再小也值得庆祝。
We can’t be too careful to do our homework.
我们做作业时越细心越好。
The little boy is too shy to speak to her.
小男孩太害羞,不敢和她讲话。
She is too young to know right from wrong.
她太小,还分不清是非。
有时too...to...也表示肯定意义:
①too后跟anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased、ready、willing等表示心情、心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时;
②too前有but、only、all等词对其进行修饰时;
③否定词not、never等用在too前时。
翻译句子
①汤姆个头太矮了,够不着桌子上的苹果。
②他急于知道考试结果。
③我能找到人聊聊天,太高兴了。
句型转换
④She was so excited that she couldn’t say a word when she heard the news.
→She to say a word when she heard the news.
答案:①Tom is too short to reach the apples on the table.
②He is too eager to know the result of the examination.
③I am only too happy to have someone to speak to.
④was too excited
2.Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready again for the next batch of crops.(教材第56页)
种植不同作物的原因,是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中,让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。
◆句中making it...为现在分词短语作结果状语,表示前面的情况所造成的结果,making的逻辑主语为前面的整个句子,所表示的是谓语动词的直接结果,是意料中的结果。
Many people moved to New York,making it the largest city in the USA.
很多人去了纽约,使之成为美国最大的城市。
The car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.
这辆车遇到了交通堵塞,结果晚点了。
[备用例句]
①A hearty laugh relieves physical tension,leaving your muscles relaxed for over half an hour.
开怀大笑缓解身体紧张,让你的肌肉放松超过半个小时。
②The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.
那孩子滑了一跤,头撞到了门上。
动词不定式也可作结果状语,但它通常表示一种“偶然的;出人意料的”结果,有时为了强调这种意外的结果,可在不定式前面加only,译为“(结果)却……;只(只是)……”。
完成句子
①I hurried to his house, (结果却发现他不在家).
②He fell off the bike, (头撞到了一块大石头上).
③More highways have been built in China, (使更容易) for people to travel from one place to another.
句型转换
④His parents died early and left him an orphan.
→His parents died early, .
⑤The snow lasted a week,which resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
→The snow lasted a week, .
答案:①only to find him out ②hitting his head against a big stone ③making it much easier ④leaving him an orphan ⑤resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area
What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(教材第56页)
他们不能如愿的原因是化学耕作满足了全世界对食物的高需求。
◆句中What keeps them from doing so为what引导的主语从句,that chemical farming...around the world是that引导的同位语从句。
单句情境写作
1.昨天发生严重事故的原因是他开车太快。
2.但是我发现最令我感动的却是,他们把做这些都当作理所当然的。
3.最让我不安的是她撒了谎。
答案:1.What caused the serious accident yesterday was the fact that he was driving too fast.
2.But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.
3.What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.
What other important aspects of agriculture do you want to know about (教材第58页)
你还想了解农业的哪些重要方面
◆aspect n.方面;层面;朝向;方位
This was one aspect of her character he hadn’t seen before.
这是他过去没有了解到的她性格的一个方面。
Students may pursue research in any aspect of computational linguistics.
学生可以就计算语言学的任何一个方面展开研究。
He has made progress in every aspect.
他在各方面都有起色。
The house has a south-west aspect.
房子为西南朝向。
单句语法填空
①He showed us every (aspect) of the game that we had never seen before.
②The relations between our two countries have improved markedly every aspect.
③Have you thought about the problem every aspect
翻译句子
④他对这里工作的各方面都感兴趣。
答案:①aspect ②in ③from ④He was interested in all aspects of the work here.
Write an argumentative essay on forming
1.文本类型:辩论型文章。
2.要点内容:
①化学种植和有机种植的不同种植方法;
②化学种植和有机种植对环境的不同影响。
1.表达观点型文章常用词组:
have a positive attitude 有一个积极的态度
draw a conclusion 得出结论
contribute to your health 有助于你的身体健康
put forward a suggestion 提出建议
do harm to people’s health 伤害人们的健康
cause a lot of diseases 导致很多疾病
a waste of money 浪费钱
give up smoking 戒烟
take my advice into consideration 考虑我的建议
stay away from junk food 远离垃圾食品
2.表达观点型文章首段常用句式:
I’m sorry to hear/learn that...
听说……我很难过
In my opinion,it is wrong to/that...
在我看来,……是错误的
I don’t think it is a very good way to...
我认为……不是一个很好的方法
Thank you for your letter asking me about...
谢谢你来信询问我有关……
I’m writing to persuade you to quit/give up...
我写信是劝你放弃……
3.表达观点型文章中段常用句式:
Here are my reasons.First of all,I think it would be better if...
我的理由如下。首先,我认为如果……会更好
The reasons for...are as follows.First,...Second,...Last but not least,...
……的原因如下。首先,…… 第二,…… 最后但同样重要的是,……
On the one hand...,on the other hand...
一方面……,另一方面……
No one can ignore the fact that...
没有人能忽视……的事实
If I were you,I would...
如果我是你,我会……
4.表达观点型文章尾段常用句式:
In short/In conclusion/In closing...
总之……
All things considered...
从各方面看来……
As far as I’m concerned,...
就我而言,……
From what has been discussed above,...
通过以上讨论,……
Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
请考虑我的建议,做出最后的决定。
假设你是李华,最近,你班开展了主题为“Chemical Farming or Organic Farming”的征文活动。请写一篇你支持开展有机农业的英语文章,发表在学校校报的英语专版上。
1.化学农业的危害;
2.有机农业的优点及理由;
3.根据自己掌握的相关知识,批判性地发表自己的观点。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. n.不足;缺少;短缺
2. vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
3. adj.传统的;习惯的
4. adj.热切的;十分强烈 的;激烈的
5. vt.产生;引起
6. 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
7. n.泥土;土壤;国土;领土
8. adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品
9. n.味道;特点;特色
10. n.肥料
11. adj.有营养的;营养丰富的
12. adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
13. adv.全部地;完整地;完全地
答案:1.shortage 2.attain 3.conventional 4.intense 5.generate 6.deep down 7.soil 8.chemical 9.flavour 10.fertiliser 11.nutritious 12.organic 13.entirely
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
翻译句子
1.最近我们班就化学农业和有机农业举行了一场激烈的讨论。
2.在我看来,我们应该提倡有机农业。
3.化学农业存在着诸多不足。它通常是通过在深层使用大量的化学肥料来实现。
4.残留在作物内部的化学物质很难被洗掉,这往往会导致癌症或其他疾病。
5.而且,用传统化学方法生产的食物味道不好。
6.有机农业不涉及化学品,对我们的健康和环境都有利。
7.更重要的是,有机种植的农民使用完全自然的方法来保持土壤肥沃,作物以健康的方式生长。
8.农作物、蔬菜和水果味道更好,也更有营养。
9.俗话说,健康是第一财富,所以选择有机食品是更明智的。
答案:1.Recently our class held an intense discussion on chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.
2.In my opinion,we should advocate organic agriculture.
3.There are many shortages existing in chemical agriculture. It is often attained by using lots of chemical fertilisers deep down.
4.The chemicals staying inside the crops are hard to be washed off,which often causes cancer or other illnesses.
5.Also,food that is produced in the conventional chemical way tastes bad.
6.Organic farming involves no chemicals and it benefits both our health and the environment.
7.More importantly,organic farmers use entirely natural means to keep the soil rich and crops grow in a healthy way.
8.The crops,vegetables and fruits have a better flavour and are more nutritious.
9.As a saying goes,health is the first wealth,so it is wiser to choose organic food.
1.用what引导的主语从句升级第2句。
2.用which引导的定语从句升级第3句。
3.用现在分词作结果状语升级第4句。
4.用过去分词作定语简化第5句。
5.用现在分词作伴随状语升级第6句。
6.将第7句和第8句合并为一个句子,使之更加有条理。
答案:1.In my opinion,what our society needs is to advocate organic agriculture.
2.There are many shortages existing in chemical agriculture,which is often attained by using lots of chemical fertilisers deep down.
3.The chemicals staying inside the crops are hard to be washed off,often causing cancer or other illnesses.
4.Also,food produced in the conventional chemical way tastes bad.
5.Organic farming involves no chemicals,benefiting both our health and the environment.
6.Organic farmers use entirely natural means to keep the soil rich and crops grow in a healthy way,so the crops,vegetables and fruits have a better flavour and are more nutritious.
Recently our class held an intense discussion on chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.In my opinion,what our society needs is to advocate organic agriculture.The following are my reasons.
On one hand,there are many shortages existing in chemical agriculture,which is often attained by using lots of chemical fertilisers deep down.The chemicals staying inside the crops are hard to be washed off,often causing cancer or other illnesses.Also,food produced in the conventional chemical way tastes bad.On the other hand,organic farming involves no chemicals,benefiting both our health and the environment.More importantly,organic farmers use entirely natural means to keep the soil rich and crops grow in a healthy way,so the crops,vegetables and fruits have a better flavour and are more nutritious.
As a saying goes,health is the first wealth,so it is wiser to choose organic food.
假设你是李华,你所在的中学正面向学生征集意见,询问学生是否赞成开设线上课堂(online classrooms)。请给校长写一封电子邮件,表达你赞同开设线上课堂的观点。要点如下:
1.网上教学资源丰富;
2.提高课堂效率;
3.线上课堂利于环保;
4.其他理由。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头、结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Headmaster,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening online classrooms.I am in favour of this plan for the following reasons.
To begin with,everyone learns differently.Students can customise their smart devices with materials that fit their level and learning style.Moreover,when connected to the Internet,students can interact with teachers from all over the world and enjoy tons of useful materials,which obviously will enable them to learn more efficiently.For the sake of environmental protection,opening online classrooms is a good way to save trees that we have been cutting down for paper.Most importantly,I believe students will develop their interests by enjoying a new way of learning.
I hope you would take my ideas into consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
课时作业(十) UNIT 5 Part 2
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.My (digest) is terrible and now I think I have to go to see a doctor.
2.In an ideal world there would be no (poor) and disease.
3.The (deep) of the well is around 6 metres.
4.We shall see that this is not (entire) true.
5. instance,gas stations,cafes are allowed to keep operating on Sundays.
6.Do you know how much you spend on clothes and (grocery) annually
7. We will discuss each of these items turn.
8.He had strayed from the path of (convention) behaviour.
9. It is important to introduce children to healthy (nutrition) foods from when they begin to eat solids.
10.Some of these (bacterium) are actually good for you.
答案:1.digestion 2.poverty 3.depth
4.entirely 5.For 6.groceries 7.in
8.conventional 9.nutritious 10.bacteria
Ⅱ.单句情境写作
1.出口的下降反过来又减少了国内的支出。(in turn)
2.例如,如果你发现有人偷东西,你会怎么做 (for instance)
3.我们的价格保持竞争力是至关重要的。(essential)
4.作为备选方案,可以执行以下步骤。(alternative)
5.农民们采取措施使他们的庄稼免受病害。(free from)
6.这跟我要找的颜色差远了。(nowhere near)
答案:1.Falling exports have,in turn,decreased domestic spending.
2.What would you do,for instance,if you found someone stealing
3.It is essential that our prices remain competitive.
4.As an alternative,the following steps can be performed.
5.The farmers take measures to keep their crops free from disease.
6.It’s nowhere near the colour I’m looking for.
阅读
A
The food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health.Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945,some researchers realised that things commonly used to keep colours in meats and other food additives (添加剂) caused cancer.
Yet,these additives remain in our food,and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings(包装) of foods are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to their animals,and because of this,penicillin has been found in the milk of cows.Sometimes similar things are supplied to animals not for their health,but just to make a profit.
The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market.Although some countries have tried to control such things,the practice continues.
1.According to this passage,we can know .
A.perhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eat
B.perhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eat
C.cancer was discovered in 1945
D.science has made food unfit to eat
2.Things that are used to keep colours in meats are .
A.harmful B.useless
C.helpless D.dangerous
3. People use additives .
A.to make food more unfit to eat
B.to improve the colour of the food
C.to change the colour of the food
D.to take off the disease of the food
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是食物虽然可以让我们生存,但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的,所以我们要特别注意自己的饮食健康。阅读本文有利于培养学生养成健康的生活方式。
答案及剖析:
1.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第一段中的“Some research has shown...is related to food as well.”可知,也许大多数的人类疾病是由我们的饮食引起的。故选A。
2.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第一段中的“In 1945,some researchers realised...other food additives(添加剂) caused cancer.”可知,用来保持肉类颜色的东西是有害的。故选A。
3.B 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第一段中的“In 1945,some researchers realised that things commonly used to keep colours in meats and other food additives(添加剂) caused cancer.”可推断,人们往往使用添加剂来改善食物的颜色。故选B。
B
At every turn in the Netherlands,the future of sustainable(可持续的) agriculture is taking shape—not in the meeting rooms of big companies but on thousands of modest family farms.
You can see it vividly on the farm run by Ted Duijvestijn and his brothers.At the Duijvestijns’ 36-acre greenhouse near the old city of Delf,visitors wander among the deep green tomato plants,which are 20 feet tall.Rooted not in soil but in materials made from leaves and stalks,the plants are heavy with tomatoes—15 varieties in all—to suit the taste of the most demanding customers.
Since 2004,the Duijvestijns have declared resource independence on every front.The farm produces all of its own energy and fertiliser and even some of the packaging materials necessary for the crop’s distribution and sale.The growing environment is kept at perfect temperatures year-round by geothermal heat(地热) that can be found under at least half of the Netherlands.Only rainwater is used for irrigation.Each kilogram of tomatoes from their plants requires less than 15 kilograms of water,compared with 61 kilograms for plants in open fields.Once each year the entire crop is regrown from seeds,and the old plants are processed to make packaging materials.The few pests that manage to enter the greenhouse are greeted by an army of fierce insects that shows no interest in tomatoes.The nutrition in the soil can be improved by growing plants that work with certain bacteria to produce their own fertiliser.In short,it’s an entirely self-contained food system.
“Look at the island of Bali in Indonesia!” Ted explains.“For at least a thousand years,its farmers have raised ducks and fish within the same rice field.It’s irrigated by the canal systems sculpted by human hands along mountains.They are our model.”
4.What can we learn about the Duijvestijns’ tomatoes
A.Their colour is deep green.
B.There are 15 on each plant.
C.They are very tasty.
D.They grow in rich natural soil.
5.The Duijvestijns,greenhouse .
A.does not have insects
B.is heated by solar energy
C.produces its own chemical fertiliser
D.consumes much less water
6.What does the underlined word “self-contained” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Independent. B.Reliable.
C.Satisfying. D.Separated.
7.Why does Ted mention the island of Bali
A.He is attracted to its canal systems.
B.He will also raise ducks in his farm.
C.He wants to see the beautiful island.
D.He appreciates its farming methods.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰Duijvestijns生态农场的基本情况。阅读本文有利于培养学生关于人与环境、人与动植物和谐共存的意识。
答案及剖析:
4.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章第二段中的“Rooted not in soil but in materials...to suit the taste of the most demanding customers.”可知,Ted Duijvestijns农场生产的西红柿非常美味。故选C。
5.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据文章第三段中的“Each kilogram of tomatoes from their plants requires less than 15 kilograms of water,compared with 61 kilograms for plants in open fields.”可知,Duijvestijns生态农场耗水量少。故选D。
6.A 词义猜测题。根据第三段的主题句“Since 2004,the Duijvestijns have declared resource independence on every front.”以及本段的细节内容可推断,该农场完全能自给自足,self-contained意为“自给自足的”。故选A。
7.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据文章最后一段中的“They are our model.”可推断,Ted提到巴厘岛是因为他非常欣赏巴厘岛上的耕作方法。故选D。
核心素养提升(UNIT 5)
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
高考主播音频
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What is the man’s problem ( C )
A.He has no patience to wait for his wife.
B.He can’t see the sign clearly.
C.He’s parked in the wrong place.
2.What will Barbara do ( A )
A.Play volleyball.
B.Watch a game.
C.Find a player.
3.When did Susan leave home ( A )
A.At 5:30. B.At 6:10. C.At 6:15.
4.How does the woman think of the restaurant ( A )
A.Good food with high price.
B.Good food with reasonable price.
C.Good food with low price.
5.What did the man do first last night ( B )
A.He studied.
B.He did the dishes.
C.He walked the dog.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What does the boy say about programs for teenagers ( A )
A.They’re dull.
B.They’re enjoyable.
C.They’re old.
7.What will the boy do this evening ( B )
A.Watch TV.
B.Listen to music.
C.Read a book.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8.What did the woman buy as her husband’s birthday present ( C )
A.A hat. B.A tie. C.A shirt.
9.Why did the assistant refuse to help the woman ( B )
A.Because the woman didn’t show him the receipt.
B.Because the thing she wanted to change had been worn.
C.Because the woman told a lie.
听第8段材料,回答第10～12题。
10.Where did the boy go just now ( A )
A.To the headmaster’s office.
B.To the classroom.
C.To his home.
11.How did the boy feel at first ( A )
A.Nervous. B.Excited. C.Proud.
12.What do we know about the boy ( B )
A.He did something wrong.
B.He won an international competition.
C.He failed to hand in an essay.
听第9段材料,回答第13～16题。
13.Where does the woman come from ( A )
A.London.
B.San Francisco.
C.Los Angeles.
14.How will the woman travel to Monterey ( B )
A.By plane. B.By car. C.By train.
15.How long will the woman stay at the man’s place ( B )
A.Three nights.
B.Four nights.
C.A week.
16.What will the weather be like in Monterey ( C )
A.Cold. B.Hot. C.Warm.
听第10段材料,回答第17～20题。
17.Who is making the announcement ( B )
A.The city mayor.
B.A Campus Security officer.
C.The marathon organiser.
18.When does the race start ( A )
A.At 7:30 am.
B.At 8:00 am.
C.At 9:00 am.
19.What does the speaker ask the listeners to do ( C )
A.Get excited about the marathon.
B.Call the marathon organisers to complain.
C.Finish their business before 9:00.
20.Why should people get a map ( B )
A.To find the closest parking lots.
B.To figure out where there might be traffic problems.
C.To find out which shops and banks are open.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
W:Sir,did you see the “No Parking” sign
M:I won’t be here long.My wife will finish shopping in five minutes.
W:Sorry,sir.Not even for one minute!You’ll get fined if you don’t go!
(Text 2)
M:Barbara,you see those girls over there They need another player for a volleyball game.Would you like to join them
W:Seems like it’s a game for fun.Sure,I’ll be there soon.
(Text 3)
M:I wonder if Susan will be here by six.
W:Her husband said she left home at half past five.She should be here at ten past six,a quarter past six at the latest.
(Text 4)
M:How was the restaurant where you ate last night
W:The food was quite good,but the price was shocking.
M:I know.It’s difficult to find a restaurant that has both good food and reasonable price.
(Text 5)
M:Last night I was very busy.First,I had to do the dishes.Then,I had to take my dog out for a walk.After I got back home,I played the piano for an hour.
W:Let me guess,you saved your studying for last.
第二节
(Text 6)
W:Let’s watch TV.There are some programs on TV for teenagers.
M:I know,but the programs are always boring.What kind of programs do you like
W:I like sports shows and movies.
M:I don’t really like watching sports—I like taking part in them.And most of the movies on TV are very old.Don’t you think so
W:Well,I’m not sure.Then what are you going to do this evening
M:Well,I’m going to enjoy some songs on the radio.
(Text 7)
M:Can I help you
W:Well,I bought this shirt last week for my husband’s birthday,and er...well he doesn’t like it.Could I change it for something else,such as a tie or a hat
M:Certainly,madam,provided that it hasn’t been worn,and if you have the receipt.
W:Yes,here it is.
M:OK,er...this shirt looks as if it were worn.I’m afraid I can’t put that back on the shelf.
W:Oh,that’s a pity.
(Text 8)
W:Hey,Peter!Where were you I was looking for you everywhere.
M:I’m sorry,but I went to the headmaster’s office just now.
W:Were you nervous
M:Yes.When I went inside his office,my heart was beating faster than ever.
W:What happened then
M:Everyone came to me and shook my hands.Then,I saw my parents.They came up and hugged me.
W:Were they congratulating you
M:Yes! You got it!I won an international essay competition for my essay called Saving Our Earth.They gave me a medal!
(Text 9)
M:Hi,Laura.I see you’re coming to California in October.When will you come to stay with us
W:We can’t wait to see you and Tim.Jack and I have decided to spend three weeks in California.Then we are flying to San Francisco and after that flying back to London from Los Angeles.
M:So are you going to rent a car or take a train
W:We’d spend three days in San Francisco,then hire a car.We’ll drive to visit you in Monterey for a few days,and then head south toward Los Angeles.
M:When are you arriving
W:October the seventh.I think it’s a Monday.And what will the weather be like
M:It’s normally about 70 degrees,sorry,that’s 20 degrees Celsius in your language!
W:Great,so we can go to the beach
M:Absolutely.Here you can go practically all year round.
W:I’m so excited.If we could stay for four nights from the seventh,that could be just great.
M:You’re booked in.Just give me a ring when you set off from San Francisco.
(Text 10)
W:Please be advised that many streets in and around the Howard University campus will be closed on Sunday,Dec.1st,from 8:30 am to 3:30 pm as part of the Williams Route 66 Marathon.The city of Smithville has advised us that we should expect traffic problems,especially when runners are likely to be passing our school.Campus Security officers will be on hand to help direct the traffic,but you should expect difficulty entering and exiting the campus.The marathon begins downtown at 7:30 am More than 11,000 people are expected to attend this event,and a significant traffic jam is expected.Remember that visitors may also be lining the streets to cheer on the competitors,so it’s best to finish any shopping or banking before 9:00.We know that some of you will need to conduct business as usual.Students and employees who park in the apartment parking lots may be able to enter and exit through gates along the main streets that are normally closed during regular hours.You’d better get a map of the marathon course so that you can handle the traffic problems.You may also call their office at 218-155-1292.If you have concerns,please contact us at Campus Security by phone at 218-155-3616,or leave a comment on our website.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Looking for something fun to do this summer Ready to learn about leadership and make a difference in your community Apply to volunteer! Volunteers assist with activities under the guidance of experienced staff.
Summer Adventure Playgrounds Program
Help promote opportunities to play and lead playground participants in games, sports, arts & crafts, and make new friendships.
Dates:June 14-August 12, Monday-Friday
Times:9 am-3 pm
Application Deadline:May 25
The View
Help promote opportunities to take care of children in a social setting.This program includes trips to the Bloomington Family Aquatic Center.
Dates:June 14-August 6, Monday-Friday
Times:9 am-4 pm
Application Deadline:April 24
Adaptive Softball
Softball volunteers teach and encourage people with disabilities at weekly softball games at Tarnhill Park.Volunteers can choose to coach youth and/or adults on Tuesdays.
Dates:Tuesdays, June 14-August 10
Times:6:15 am-8:15 pm
Application Deadline:May 31
Farmers Market Volunteer
The Farmers Market is looking for volunteers in three types:Market Operations, Family Activities and Cooking display.
Dates:Mondays & Saturdays, June 12-October 23
Times:7 am-2 pm with varying shifts
Application Deadline:April 16
To apply to volunteer, visit BloomingtonMN.gov.All volunteers must apply online and fill out the application form before an interview.For more information, contact Parks and Recreation at 952-563-8877 or e-mail at parksrec@BloomingtonMN.gov.
21.Which program will you choose if you are not free on Mondays
A.Summer Adventure Playgrounds Program.
B.Adaptive Softball.
C.Farmers Market Volunteer.
D.The View.
22.If you are good at cooking, you may apply to the related program on .
A.April 15 B.April 20
C.May 24 D.May 31
23.What should you do to gain the opportunity as a volunteer
A.Send the application form by e-mail.
B.Go for an interview directly.
C.Contact the organisers at 952-563-8877.
D.Fill in an application form online.
语篇导读:本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个志愿者活动的情况,包括时间安排、活动内容等信息。阅读本文有利于开阔学生的视野,培养其热爱生活的意识。
答案及剖析:
21.B 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据Summer Adventure Playgrounds Program部分中的“Dates:June 14-August 12, Monday-Friday”,The View部分中的“Dates:June 14-August 6, Monday-Friday”,Adaptive Softball部分中的“Dates:Tuesdays, June 14-August 10”,以及Farmers Market Volunteer部分中的“Dates:Mondays & Saturdays, June 12-October 23”可知,如果你周一没有时间,你可以选择Adaptive Softball项目。故选B。
22.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据Farmers Market Volunteer部分中的“The Farmers Market is looking for volunteers in three types:
Market Operations, Family Activities and Cooking display.”以及“Application Deadline:April 16”可知,如果你擅长烹饪,可以在4月15日申请相关课程。故选A。
23.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“All volunteers must apply online and fill out the application form before an interview.”可知,你应该在网上填写申请表来获得作为志愿者的机会。故选D。
B
I bought several packs of seeds, 24 small plastic seed pots, plant fertiliser and potting soil.I made sure the soil didn’t contain added fertiliser.I wanted something that I could grow quickly, that wouldn’t take up a lot of space and that wouldn’t get too big.I ran this experiment in early fall in Maryland.So I knew I needed a plant that could grow when it’s cool.I picked radishes (小萝卜), which grow well in the early fall or spring.Some varieties can grow a full radish in only 21 days.
I kept 12 of the pots and one pack of seeds for myself.I gave the other 12 pots and the other packet of seeds—along with some fertiliser and soil—to my editor, Sarah.This was to provide an additional control for location.After all, what if my yard just happens to be much better for growing plants What if it’s worse By dividing the plants up between my yard and Sarah’s, I hoped to make sure that any difference with the plants came from the fertiliser.
Sarah and I planted our seeds.Sometimes, seeds don’t sprout (发芽).So we carefully planted four evenly (相等地) spaced seeds in each pot.Six of my pots (and six of Sarah’s) served as controls-pots that would not get fertiliser.Our other six were treated with fertiliser.For each of us, this added up to 24 control seeds, and 24 seeds that would get fertiliser.
We watered all the plants equally with clean water every other day (unless it rained).Once a week, we applied fertiliser to half the pots.We also took pictures every day, so we could see the plants change over time.As I expected, many of our seeds didn’t sprout.In fact, only about a fourth of mine sprouted.Sarah has a greener thumb.She successfully grew half of hers.
24.Why does the author want to grow such a plant
A.To enjoy it.
B.To make it very cool.
C.To take up more space.
D.To make an experiment.
25.In the author’s view, what’s the difference of plants Sarah and she grow
A.From the fertiliser used.
B.From the different ways.
C.From the different soil.
D.From the seeds used.
26.What can we get from Paragraph 3
A.The experiment is successful.
B.The author is respectful to her editor.
C.The author is considerate.
D.The process of the experiment is complex.
27.What do you think of Sarah
A.She’s fond of growing plants.
B.She’s smarter than the author.
C.She has a gifted for growing plants.
D.She’s a devoted and friendly woman.
语篇导读:本文的写作方法是夹叙夹议。作者通过讲述在院子种植植物的全过程以及与同事萨拉的种植对比来说明自己要做的一个实验,并以此来说明科学种植的重要性。阅读本文有利于培养学生严谨的学习态度。
答案及剖析:
24.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“I ran this experiment in early fall in Maryland.So I knew I needed a plant that could grow when it’s cool.”可知,作者种植这样一种植物是为了想要在秋季做实验。故选D。
25.A 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段最后一句可知,作者认为主要是肥料的使用带来差异。故选A。
26.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段的描述可知,作者与同事Sarah对种子进行了细致的分配,而且用两种方法进行种植。由此推知,作者是一个考虑周到的人。故选C。
27.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“Sarah has a greener thumb.”可推知,作者的朋友萨拉在种植植物方面有一定的天赋。故选C。
C
In my everyday life,I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet.A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment,in particular climate change.It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives.
Fortunately,nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than,let’s say,20 years ago.But one question has been on my mind a lot lately:is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods
After doing some research,I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used.Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts,the primary footprint and the secondary footprint.The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions
(排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels,including household energy consumption and transportation.The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use—those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding,we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint.Things like dishes,clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group,so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production.However,for the car and the other appliances (设备) that we need we can go with new,energy-saving models.I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory.So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models.The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.
28.What is the text mainly about
A.What appliances to buy to save energy.
B.What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C.How to identify different carbon footprints.
D.How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
29.What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint
A.It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B.It is made when we are buying the products.
C.It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D.It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
30.Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author
A.Using second-hand textbooks.
B.Using old and expensive cars.
C.Buying new but cheap clothes.
D.Buying new wooden furniture.
31.“The footprint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in .
A.using the product
B.recycling the product
C.making the product
D.transporting the product
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。作者一直努力减少生活中的碳足迹,新型环保产品和使用过的传统生产的产品,哪一种更能减少碳足迹呢 作者通过研究和对比给我们找到了答案:他们各有千秋。阅读本文有利于培养学生的环保意识和创新精神。
答案及剖析:
28.D 主旨大意题。考查学生理解文章主旨要义的能力。根据文章第一段中的“Fortunately,nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices”和困扰作者的一个问题“is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods”,以及第二段的内容可知,作者通过研究得出答案,有些时候是新型环保产品好,有时候是传统产品更好。文章接下来的段落就是分析了作者这个答案是怎样找到的。由此可知,文章主要是关于怎样选择更环保的生活方式的。故选D。
29.D 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第三段中的“The secondary footprint is a measure...related to their production and breakdown.”可知,第二种碳足迹虽然不是我们直接产生的,但是也是我们使用的产品释放出来的,也是要归结到我们身上的。故选D。
30.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段中的“Things like dishes...used goods to avoid the added production.”可知,像盘子、衣服和家具这样的物品是属于“第二类型的足迹”,所以是越少越好,我们应该注重寻找用过的物品来避免额外的生产。二手书属于可以二次使用的物品,符合题意。故选A。
31.A 词汇猜测题。考查学生在具体语境中推测词汇意义的能力。根据第四段中的“The main concern here...the product will make once it gets to you.”可知,“footprint”在其后的定语从句“the product will make once it gets to you”中充当“make”的宾语,意思是“这种碳足迹就是产品到你手里之后,你使用中所产生的”。由此推知,画线词组the footprint指的是“产品使用过程中产生的二氧化碳”。故选A。
D
Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have grown wood-like structures from cells taken from the leaves of a flowering plant.
The results were recently reported in a study.Velasquez-Garcia, the lead researcher, said the process is still in the early stage.But if it can be perfected, it could simplify and speed up the production of wood products.“The way we get these materials hasn’t changed in centuries and is very inefficient,” Velasquez-Garcia said.
For example, the current process of making a wooden table can take many years.First, a tree has to grow.Then, it must be cut down, transported, processed, etc.Velasquez-Garcia says lab-grown wood could combine all those steps into one.“You want a table, then you should just grow a table.” he said.
The process is similar in some ways to lab-produced meat, which is grown from live animal cells.But in the wood experiment, the MIT team collected live cells from the leaves of a zinnia plant.
The plant cells were then kept in an environment designed to support growth.Plant cells can become anything if they are induced to.
The experiment was carried out indoors, without soil or sunlight.During the process, the researchers used a mixture of two plant hormones that helped the cells grow a thick, strong wood-like structure.With further study, the researchers say they could use the same process to grow wood in specific shapes, such as a table.
Such a lab-based farming method “promises to improve yields while reducing plant waste and competition for arable land,” the research study states.
David Stern is a plant biologist, who was not involved in the study.He said one big question is whether the technology can remain economically competitive since the method would require major financial and intellectual investments.And he said new issues would arise when parts of forestry and agriculture were brought into the lab.“Agriculture uses the sun’s energy through photosynthesis, and...natural rainfall.It does not require buildings, heat, or artificial light,” Stern said.
32.What is the advantage of producing wood in the lab over traditional ways
A.Lower cost.
B.Stronger structure.
C.More procedures.
D.Higher productivity.
33.The author mentioned lab-produced meat to .
A.stress the high popularity it enjoys
B.help tell it from lab-produced wood
C.explain the wood experiment more clearly
D.provide another way of producing wood in the lab
34.What can we infer about the wood experiment
A.It requires no light.
B.It failed eventually.
C.It needs to be perfected.
D.It produced no plant waste.
35.What is Stern’s attitude towards the lab-based farming method
A.Cautious. B.Opposed.
C.Uncaring. D.Favourable.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究人员从一种开花植物的叶子中提取细胞,培育出了木质结构。文章介绍了这项技术的一些优势和人们对此的看法。阅读本文有利于培养学生的科学精神和创新意识。
答案及剖析:
32.D 细节理解题。考查学生识别和理解文本中具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“Velasquez-Garcia, the lead researcher, said...changed in centuries and is very inefficient,’ Velasquez-Garcia said.”可知,与传统方法相比,在实验室生产木材的优势在于生产效率更高。故选D。
33.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据第四段“The process is similar in...the leaves of a zinnia plant.”可知,这一过程在某些方面与实验室生产的肉类相似,后者是用活的动物细胞培养而成的。但在木材实验中,麻省理工学院的研究小组从百日草的叶子中收集了活细胞。由此可推知,作者提到实验室生产的肉是为了更清楚地解释木材实验。故选C。
34.C 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据倒数第三段中的“With further study, the researchers say...in specific shapes, such as a table.”可知,研究人员说,通过进一步的研究,他们可以用同样的方法种植特定形状的木材,比如桌子。由最后一段中的“He said one big question...major financial and intellectual investments.”可知,一个大问题是,这种技术能否保持经济竞争力,因为这种方法需要大量的财力和智力投入。由此可推知,木材实验需要进一步完善。故选C。
35.A 推理判断题。考查学生根据文本信息进行推断归纳的能力。根据最后一段可知,David Stern是一名植物生物学家,他没有参与这项研究。他说,一个大问题是,这种技术能否保持经济竞争力,因为这种方法需要大量的财政和智力投资。他说,当林业和农业的部分被纳入实验室时,新的问题将会出现。农业通过光合作用和自然降雨来利用太阳能。它不需要建筑、供热或人工照明。由此可推知,Stern对实验室农业方法持谨慎态度。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The sunflower, native to North America, is now cultivated worldwide, with Antarctica the only continent where it is not grown.36. They found this plant could provide them with a variety of useful products.By pointing or grinding, the seeds were turned into flour and used to make bread.Oil, also used in bread making, was obtained by squeezing the seeds.The native people enjoyed eating the seeds as a healthy snack food.
37. Native Americans also used the oil of the sunflower for hair grooming.Purple and yellow hair dyes were made from sunflowers and used as body paint and a way to decorate textiles and baskets.The dried stalks, being light and strong, were ideal for use as a building material.38. They believed it was a good dressing for wounds and could treat snakebites effectively.
Today there are over sixty varieties of sunflowers which are used to produce a wide range of products for both human and animal consumption.39. The material which is left after the pressing is called “press cake” and is used to make feed for livestock.The sunflower seeds make an excellent snack food when roasted or even raw.The entire seed is often used in commercial birdseed mixtures for domestic and wild birds.40.
Industry uses sunflower oil in the production of paint, soaps, candles and many other products.However, remembering how beautiful the sunflower looks, what gardener wouldn’t love to have some of these tall, showy plants to beautify his or her garden
A.Sunflower oil for cooking is obtained by pressing the seeds.
B.Many people enjoy the healthy bread produced from sunflower seed flour.
C.The nutrients in these seeds may reduce your risk of common health problems.
D.The sunflower follows the sun in its travels across the sky from dawn until dusk.
E.The sunflower was also used by Native Americans for a variety of medicinal purposes.
F.Native people of North America started cultivating the sunflower over 5,000 years ago.
G.However, the sunflower provided many products which were not used in food applications.
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了向日葵的种植以及一些用向日葵生产的产品。阅读本文有利于培养学生人与环境、人与动植物和谐共存的意识。
答案及剖析:
36.F 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据上文“The sunflower, native to North America, is now cultivated worldwide, with Antarctica the only continent where it is not grown.”可知,上文提到了向日葵在北美洲的种植情况,F选项中“North America”对应上文中“North America”。F选项“北美洲的原住民在5 000年前就开始种植向日葵了。”符合语境,且下文的“They”指代的就是北美洲的原住民。故选F。
37.G 考查学生理解段落主题句与段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据后文“Native Americans also used the oil of the sunflower...being light and strong, were ideal for use as a building material.”可知,后文的例子表明与向日葵相关的产品多为日常使用,而不是用于生产食物。G选项“然而,向日葵提供的许多产品并没有用于食品应用。”符合语境。故选G。
38.E 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据后文“They believed it was a good dressing for wounds and could treat snakebites effectively.”可知,后文指出有人将向日葵作为一种药品,来治疗蛇咬伤,由此推知设空处陈述向日葵在医药方面的作用。E选项“向日葵也被印第安人用作多种药用目的。”符合语境。故选E。
39.A 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据后文“The material which is left after the pressing is called ‘press cake’ and is used to make feed for livestock.”可知,后文提到了压榨后剩下的材料,可见本句是在说明压榨得到的产品,A选项中的“pressing”对应后文中的“pressing”。A选项“烹饪用的葵花籽油是通过压榨种子得到的。”符合语境。故选A。
40.B 考查学生理解段内句间衔接关系的能力。根据上文“The sunflower seeds make an excellent snack...commercial birdseed mixtures for domestic and wild birds.”可知,上文提到了葵花籽可以制成食物,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文继续说明葵花籽可以制成的食物,B选项中“sunflower seed”对应上文中“sunflower seeds”。B选项“许多人喜欢用葵花籽面粉制成的健康面包。”符合语境。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A wave hit my face and I swallowed salt water.My chest was already burning as I struggled to 41 .I had no air to call for help.In desperation I 42 one hand and waved it to get the lifeguard’s attention.
Two young men were suddenly near me.“Help,” I 43 to whisper.
One of them grabbed my arm.The other grabbed his arm.Together they pulled me toward the 44 .The lifeguard entered the water with his 45 .“You can stand here,” he said.“The water’s shallow.”
I shook my head.I was too 46 to stand, much less walk.They 47 me over the board.
“You were caught in a riptide(激流),” the lifeguard said 48 the three of them carried me onto the sand, still shaking, trying to catch my breath.
“Are you all right now ” one of my 49 asked.
I looked up at the two of them and 50 .For the first time I got a really good look at them.They looked 51 as if they were twins.
“Thank you so much for saving my life.And thank you too,” I said to the lifeguard.
The few others had 52 on the beach.I felt embarrassed and 53 to walk back to my towel.After just a few 54 I looked back again for the twins.
“There you are!” Dom said when I got back to the towel.I looked back at the 55 .Then I sat down with my friends to tell them about the angels.
41.A.run B.breathe
C.swim D.relax
42.A.raised B.injured
C.sought D.left
43.A.refused B.managed
C.pretended D.forgot
44.A.bank B.opposite
C.shore D.field
45.A.board B.assistant
C.rope D.boat
46.A.sleepy B.frightened
C.annoyed D.worn
47.A.laid B.threw
C.hid D.teased
48.A.since B.as
C.but D.if
49.A.colleagues B.friends
C.rescuers D.customers
50.A.nodded B.slipped
C.apologised D.fell
51.A.handsome B.alike
C.pale D.happy
52.A.cooked B.slept
C.gathered D.shouted
53.A.broke down B.turned in
C.kept off D.got up
54.A.hours B.games
C.steps D.questions
55.A.picture B.record
C.pattern D.water
语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在海里遇险被救生员营救的故事。阅读本文有利于培养学生学会感恩、学会生活的意识。
[文章脉络]
答案及剖析:
41.B 根据下文“I had no air to call for help.”可知,作者在努力呼吸(breathe)。
42.A 根据下文“and waved it to get the lifeguard’s attention”可知,在绝望中作者举起(raised)一只手摇动以得到救生员的注意。
43.B 根据下文作者获救可知,此处指作者成功地(managed)低声喊出了“救命”。
44.C 根据上文“One of them grabbed my arm.The other grabbed his arm.”可知,作者在海里游泳时遇到危险,所以是他们一起把作者拉向海岸(shore)。
45.A 根据下一段中的“They 47 me over the board.”可知,救生员拿着救生板(board)下水。
46.D 根据第一、第二段作者努力求救的描述,以及下文“much less walk”可知,作者太疲惫了(worn),站不起来。
47.A 根据上文“I was too 46 to stand, much less walk.”可知,救生员让作者站起来,但是作者太疲惫了站不起来,所以他们把作者放到(laid)救生板上面。
48.B as作为连词,意为“当……时候”,这里指救生员把作者抬到沙滩上时。
49.C 根据上文“‘You were caught in a riptide(激流),’ the lifeguard said 48 the three of them carried me onto the sand, still shaking, trying to catch my breath.”可知,是两名年轻人把作者从海里救出来,所以此处说的是救援者(rescuers)。
50.A 根据下文“For the first time I got a really good look at them.”可知,作者感觉好多了,因此当救援者问作者时,作者点了点头(nodded)。
51.B 根据下文“as if they were twins”提示可知,这两个人看起来很像(alike)。
52.C 看到海边发生的这一幕,人们很好奇,所以聚集(gathered)过来。
53.D 根据上文“the lifeguard said 48 the three of them carried me onto the sand, still shaking”可知,当时作者躺着,因此当人们聚集在附近时,作者感到尴尬,站起来
(got up)走回去。
54.C 根据上文“walk back to my towel”可知,走了几步(steps),作者又回头找那对
双胞胎。
55.D 回想起刚才在水中发生的一幕,很是令人恐惧同时又很感激。所以作者又回头看了看海里的水(water)。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Built over 2,200 years ago, Dujiangyan,56. is the world’s oldest man-made water system, lies in Sichuan Province in Southwest China.This amazing engineering 57. (achieve) is seen as a wonder in the development of Chinese science.
In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands 58. (suffer) from regular floods 59. (cause) by overflow from the Minjiang River.
60. (help) the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution.Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally.61. (good) than ever, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making 62. suitable for farming.
Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live 63. (peace).Today, Dujiangyan 64. (admire) by scientists from around the world because of one feature.Unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystem and fish populations to exist 65. harmony.
语篇导读:本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代水利工程都江堰的历史、作用等。阅读本文有利于学生了解自然、学习自然,养成保护自然的意识,增强学生的家国情怀。
答案及剖析:
56.which 考查非限制性定语从句。“Dujiangyan”作先行词,指物,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
57.achievement 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少主语,再根据谓语动词“is seen”可知,此处用名词单数作主语,所给词achieve是动词,其名词是achievement。故填achievement。
58.suffered 考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“In ancient times”可知,句子用一般过去时。故填suffered。
59.caused 考查过去分词作后置定语。此处“floods”和“cause”之间是被动关系,是过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。
60.To help 考查动词不定式作目的状语。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填To help。
61.Better 考查比较级。根据“than”可知,此处用形容词比较级。故填Better。
62.it 考查代词。结合句意可知,此处用“it”指代“Chengdu Plain”。故填it。
63.peacefully 考查副词。用副词修饰动词“live”,所给词peace是名词,其副词是peacefully。故填peacefully。
64.is admired 考查一般现在时的被动语态。这里在描述现在的状况,且句子主语是第三人称单数“Dujiangyan”,和谓语动词admire之间是被动关系,是一般现在时的被动语态。故填is admired。
65.in 考查介词。固定短语:in harmony“协调一致,和谐地”。故填in。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
上周六,校学生会组织了一次参观雅琳农业生态园的活动。假设你是李华,请你给校英文报写一篇报道。活动内容包括:
1.观赏花草;
2.采摘蔬果;
3.了解现代农业。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右,题目已为你写好;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Students’ Visit to Yalin Agricultural Ecological Garden
One possible version:
Students’ Visit to Yalin Agricultural Ecological Garden
Last Saturday, some students took part in an activity organised by the school student union.They paid a visit to Yalin Agricultural Ecological Garden.
Upon arrival, they were greatly attracted by the garden.They admired various beautiful flowers, trees and plants.Then, they went into the fields to pick fruit and vegetables.They also learned a great deal of knowledge about modern agriculture from the gardeners.
This activity benefited the students a lot.It not only broadened their horizons but also raised their awareness of green life.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Carol was nine years old.She lived with her father David, Mother May and elder brother Rob.The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrounded with beautiful nature.The village was at the foot of a mountain, with beautiful views of the snowy mountain.The family survived on growing seasonal plants and trees.Their life is totally surrounded by nature and beauty.
While they lived a very happy life, Carol did not love the beautiful atmosphere of the village.She really wanted to move into the city and enjoy the city life.She wanted to shop, move around the city, watch movies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
However, there was hardly any chance that Carol’s family moved to the city as they had everything in the village.
One day, Carol fell asleep during the early noon and she had a sound sleep.Of course, she had a strange dream.She saw her grandmother in her dream as a fairy and her deceased grandmother granted her a wish.Carol requested her that she should love to enjoy the city life as she always desired.
Grandmother understood the desire of Carol, but still wanted to convince her that the peaceful village life was better than the city life.
She told Carol, “Baby, you cannot have access to fresh fruit and vegetables from plants as you have at your home.You cannot breathe fresh air.You cannot play with animals.You can hardly find any trees.You will not find peace as you see here! Do you still want to go to the city ”
Without hearing the concerns, Carol asked her grandmother to grant the wish.Grandmother granted her wish, but with a condition.Carol was told that she would only have 6 hours to spend in the city.
Later, she would return to the village.Carol agreed.
注意:
续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Carol then found herself in the city with her friends.
Paragraph 2:
Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up.
1.阅读文章,掌握主旨方向。
2.明确写作思路,确定续写内容。
3.汇集故事线索,列出写作要点。
4.优化语言,完善续写逻辑。
Carol then found herself in the city with her friends. Carol and her friends went to watch movies.After that they ate delicious food in a restaurant and shopped in a huge mall.Carol was happy that she had the chance to experience the life in the city.Yet at the same time, she understood that everything told by her grandmother was true in the city.There was no peace and no silences; the city life was fast and rushing.The air quality was not satisfying.She could hardly find any animal or even a tree.
Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up. She recalled what happened just now in her dream and realised that her life in the village with her family was far more wonderful than the city life.Carol understood that she was having a more joyful life.She shared her dream with her family while enjoying the fresh fruit and vegetables, and they laughed together.Carol also developed a love for plants, animals and beautiful nature.
