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2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题13：语法填空
一、语法填空
1．（2019·浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms
are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel
that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the
uniform, nobody (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful
in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the
dark. When the children are walking or (cycle) to school on dark mornings,
car drivers can (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards
The answer this question is not clear. One study in America found that students'
grades (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some
students didn't want (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed
no (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are (tradition) in
Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools
don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about
90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
2．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Does
the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question
(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn't. What students do at college
seems to matter much more than they go. The students benefitting most
from college are those are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. taking full advantage of
the college's chances and resources (资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking
about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations
for a healthy and (meaning) college experience.
3．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the
first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.
I (voice) my biggest concern to my mother. "How will I make friends "
She handed me advice. "Be yourself." For the past 20 years. I have
lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously
(face) challenges. I know I will whisper to (I) the two
simple words "Be yourself".
4．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Earth
Day, (mark)on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public
awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 1970, the
Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a
way to get involved in various (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant
a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power—the possibilities are
endless.
（2019·全国卷Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On
our way to the house，it was raining
5． hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it
would take 6． （get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We
were first greeted with the barking by a pack 7． dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained
by their masters 8． had great experience with caring for these animals.
Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 9． （recommend）wonderful places to eat, shop, and
visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya（木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When
they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an
interesting 10． （compete）to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 11． （tradition）stories about Hawaii that were 12． （huge）popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we 13． （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful
farm on the North Shore under the stars， 14． （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
15．（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for （be）Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene （declare） she had no plans （retire） from her 36-year-old business. Irene said," I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I （make） over the years. I work not because I have to, because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，"We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's (wonder）."
16．（2019·新课标Ⅰ卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are. Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】has/will have；the；that/which；cycling；easily；to；improved；to wear；connection/connections；traditional
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论校服的诸多好处。虽然一些学校开始废除校服，但是校服还是很受欢迎。
（1）考查时态。句意：如果学校里的每个孩子都穿着校服，就不会有人担心时尚了。根据从句中的wears可知此处用一般现在时或现在完成时，故答案为has或will have。
（2）考查冠词。句意：每个月都穿着同样风格的衣服。the same是固定搭配，故答案为the。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：在夹克的边沿，有一块能够在黑暗中发光的布。此处是定语从句，修饰先行词cloth，关系词同时在从句中作主语，故答案为which或that。
（4）考查分词。句意：但孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或者骑车去学校时，汽车司机可以轻易地看见他们。由or可知前后是平行结构，此处与walking并列，故答案为cycling。
（5）考查副词。句意：但孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或者骑车去学校时，汽车司机可以轻易地看见他们。此处修饰动词see，所以用副词，故答案为easily。
（6）考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案并不明确。the answer to this question，这个问题的答案，是固定搭配，故答案为to。
（7）考查动词的时态。句意：美国的一个研究发现在学校尝试了制服之后，学生们的成绩有了一点提高。根据句中的其他动词found、introduced可知此处用一般过去式，故答案为improved。
（8）考查动词不定式。句意：但是一些学校不想穿制服。want to do sth想做某事。故答案为to wear。
（9）考查词性转换。句意：其他的美国研究表明制服和学校表现之前没有联系。此处位于no之后，作show的宾语，所以用名词，故答案为connection。
（10）考查词性转换。句意：校服在英语是传统的，但是一些学校开始抛弃它们。be+形容词，构成系表结构。故答案为traditional。
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
2．【答案】suggests/suggested/has suggested；where；who/that；meaningful
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活，充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
（1）考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
（2）考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
（4）考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态，宾语从句，定语从句以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
3．【答案】voiced；facing；myself
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的建议Be yourself让他受益终身。
（1）考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去式。故填voiced。
（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字 “Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
（3）考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态，代词等知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
4．【答案】marked；in；activities
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。
（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
（2）考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
（3）考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数。故填activities。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词以及介词等知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
【答案】5．so；6．to get；7．of；8．who；9．recommended；10．competition；11．traditional；12．hugely；13．were invited；14．listening
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
5．考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此…以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故答案为so。
6．考查不定式。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。固定搭配it take+时间+to do sth，此处how long指代时间，位置提前，take后接动词不定式，表示需要花费多少时间，故答案为to get。
7．考查介词。句意：我们首先受到了一群狗吠的欢迎，确切地说有七只。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故答案为of。
8．考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。 had great experience with caring for these animals 作为定语从句修饰先行词masters（主人），且从句缺主语，用who。故答案为who。
9．考查动词的时态。句意：我们的东道主跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故答案为recommeded。
10．考查名词。句意：当他们从工作中空闲下来的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，让我们知道一场有趣的比赛背后有一个故事。空格前的不定冠词an和形容词interesting修饰可数名词单数，compete用名词形式competition，比赛。故答案为competition。
11．考查形容词。句意：他们也跟我们分享了许多在游客中很受欢迎的，夏威夷的传统故事。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故答案为traditional。
12．考查副词。句意：他们也跟我们分享了许多在游客中很受欢迎的，夏威夷的传统故事。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故答案为hugely。
13．/span>考查被动语态。句意：我们被邀请参加一场在星空下，北海岸一个漂亮的农场里的私人音乐会，听着音乐家们的演奏，会见有趣的当地人。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。主语为we，受到邀请，用被动语态，故答案为were invited。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们被邀请参加一场在星空下，北海岸一个漂亮的农场里的私人音乐会，听着音乐家们的演奏，会见有趣的当地人。由and前后连接两个并列的结构，and后meeting为现在分词，listen也用现在分词，故答案为listening。
15．【答案】being；which；finally；declared；to retire；have made；but；saying；a；wonderful
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】这是一则新闻报道，讲述一位90岁的英国女性因为仍然一周工作40小时而获得“年度女性”奖。
（1）考查动名词。for是介词，后跟动名词，故答案为being。
（2）考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the pet shop，关系词在从句中作open的宾语，故答案为which。
（3）考查副词。此处修饰动词have been acknowledged，所以将形容词final改为副词。故答案为finally。
（4）考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知此处是句子的谓语，根据后面宾语从句中的had可知是一般过去时，故答案为declared。
（5）考查动词不定式作定语。a plan to do sth做某事的计划，故答案为to retire。
（6）考查动词的时态。此处是定语从句，I是句子的主语，根据后面的over the years可知用现在完成时。故答案为have made。
（7）考查连词的用法。句意：我工作不是因为生活所迫，而是因为我想工作。not……but……不是……而是……。故答案为but。
（8）考查非谓语动词。此处作定语，修饰call，与say构成主动关系，用现在分词，故答案为saying。
（9）考查冠词的基本用法。joke是可数名词，前用不定冠词a，表示“一个笑话”，故答案为a。
（10）考查形容词。be+形容词，构成系表结构，故答案为wonderful。
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
16．【答案】that；poorly；of/for；to perform；have reported；belief；noting；higher；the；are
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍北极熊的分布和数量等相关信息。
（1）考查名词性从句。这是同位语从句，解释evidence（证据），故答案为that。
（2）考查形容词转换副词。此处修饰studied，故用副词，故答案为poorly。
（3）考查介词的搭配。由空格后的动名词可知此处需要介词，指追踪北极熊数量的方法，故答案为of或for。
（4）考查非谓语动词。主+系+形容词+to do……。此处句意为：追踪北极熊数量的方法在很大范围内一直进行的话是很昂贵的。故答案为to perform。
（5）考查动词的时态。In recent years是现在完成时的标志，故答案为have reported。
（6）考查词性转换。 由a可知此处用believe的名词，故答案为belief。
（7）考查非谓语动词。 by+v-ing 表示“通过……”，故答案为noting。
（8）考查形容词的比较级。由than可知此处用比较级，故答案为higher。
（9）考查冠词的用法。句意：在19个公认的北极熊亚种中……。此处表示特指 ，故用定冠词the。
（10）此处考查谓语。根据前一句three are declining可知此处用一般现在时，故答案为are。
【点评】考查语法填空。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题一般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等，如果是冠词，则空后需跟名词。而有提示词的需要根据语境，分析句子结构，判断所填词的词性，再确定所填词的形式。
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2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题13：语法填空
一、语法填空
1．（2019·浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms
are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel
that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the
uniform, nobody (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful
in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the
dark. When the children are walking or (cycle) to school on dark mornings,
car drivers can (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards
The answer this question is not clear. One study in America found that students'
grades (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some
students didn't want (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed
no (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are (tradition) in
Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools
don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about
90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【答案】has/will have；the；that/which；cycling；easily；to；improved；to wear；connection/connections；traditional
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论校服的诸多好处。虽然一些学校开始废除校服，但是校服还是很受欢迎。
（1）考查时态。句意：如果学校里的每个孩子都穿着校服，就不会有人担心时尚了。根据从句中的wears可知此处用一般现在时或现在完成时，故答案为has或will have。
（2）考查冠词。句意：每个月都穿着同样风格的衣服。the same是固定搭配，故答案为the。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：在夹克的边沿，有一块能够在黑暗中发光的布。此处是定语从句，修饰先行词cloth，关系词同时在从句中作主语，故答案为which或that。
（4）考查分词。句意：但孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或者骑车去学校时，汽车司机可以轻易地看见他们。由or可知前后是平行结构，此处与walking并列，故答案为cycling。
（5）考查副词。句意：但孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或者骑车去学校时，汽车司机可以轻易地看见他们。此处修饰动词see，所以用副词，故答案为easily。
（6）考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案并不明确。the answer to this question，这个问题的答案，是固定搭配，故答案为to。
（7）考查动词的时态。句意：美国的一个研究发现在学校尝试了制服之后，学生们的成绩有了一点提高。根据句中的其他动词found、introduced可知此处用一般过去式，故答案为improved。
（8）考查动词不定式。句意：但是一些学校不想穿制服。want to do sth想做某事。故答案为to wear。
（9）考查词性转换。句意：其他的美国研究表明制服和学校表现之前没有联系。此处位于no之后，作show的宾语，所以用名词，故答案为connection。
（10）考查词性转换。句意：校服在英语是传统的，但是一些学校开始抛弃它们。be+形容词，构成系表结构。故答案为traditional。
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
2．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Does
the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question
(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn't. What students do at college
seems to matter much more than they go. The students benefitting most
from college are those are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. taking full advantage of
the college's chances and resources (资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking
about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations
for a healthy and (meaning) college experience.
【答案】suggests/suggested/has suggested；where；who/that；meaningful
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活，充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
（1）考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
（2）考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
（4）考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态，宾语从句，定语从句以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
3．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the
first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.
I (voice) my biggest concern to my mother. "How will I make friends "
She handed me advice. "Be yourself." For the past 20 years. I have
lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously
(face) challenges. I know I will whisper to (I) the two
simple words "Be yourself".
【答案】voiced；facing；myself
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的建议Be yourself让他受益终身。
（1）考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去式。故填voiced。
（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字 “Be yourself”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
（3）考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态，代词等知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
4．（2019·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Earth
Day, (mark)on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public
awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 1970, the
Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a
way to get involved in various (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant
a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power—the possibilities are
endless.
【答案】marked；in；activities
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。
（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
（2）考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
（3）考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数。故填activities。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词以及介词等知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
（2019·全国卷Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On
our way to the house，it was raining
5． hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it
would take 6． （get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We
were first greeted with the barking by a pack 7． dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained
by their masters 8． had great experience with caring for these animals.
Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 9． （recommend）wonderful places to eat, shop, and
visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya（木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When
they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an
interesting 10． （compete）to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 11． （tradition）stories about Hawaii that were 12． （huge）popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we 13． （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful
farm on the North Shore under the stars， 14． （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】5．so；6．to get；7．of；8．who；9．recommended；10．competition；11．traditional；12．hugely；13．were invited；14．listening
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
5．考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此…以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故答案为so。
6．考查不定式。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。固定搭配it take+时间+to do sth，此处how long指代时间，位置提前，take后接动词不定式，表示需要花费多少时间，故答案为to get。
7．考查介词。句意：我们首先受到了一群狗吠的欢迎，确切地说有七只。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故答案为of。
8．考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。 had great experience with caring for these animals 作为定语从句修饰先行词masters（主人），且从句缺主语，用who。故答案为who。
9．考查动词的时态。句意：我们的东道主跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故答案为recommeded。
10．考查名词。句意：当他们从工作中空闲下来的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，让我们知道一场有趣的比赛背后有一个故事。空格前的不定冠词an和形容词interesting修饰可数名词单数，compete用名词形式competition，比赛。故答案为competition。
11．考查形容词。句意：他们也跟我们分享了许多在游客中很受欢迎的，夏威夷的传统故事。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故答案为traditional。
12．考查副词。句意：他们也跟我们分享了许多在游客中很受欢迎的，夏威夷的传统故事。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故答案为hugely。
13．/span>考查被动语态。句意：我们被邀请参加一场在星空下，北海岸一个漂亮的农场里的私人音乐会，听着音乐家们的演奏，会见有趣的当地人。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。主语为we，受到邀请，用被动语态，故答案为were invited。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们被邀请参加一场在星空下，北海岸一个漂亮的农场里的私人音乐会，听着音乐家们的演奏，会见有趣的当地人。由and前后连接两个并列的结构，and后meeting为现在分词，listen也用现在分词，故答案为listening。
15．（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for （be）Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene （declare） she had no plans （retire） from her 36-year-old business. Irene said," I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I （make） over the years. I work not because I have to, because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，"We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's (wonder）."
【答案】being；which；finally；declared；to retire；have made；but；saying；a；wonderful
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】这是一则新闻报道，讲述一位90岁的英国女性因为仍然一周工作40小时而获得“年度女性”奖。
（1）考查动名词。for是介词，后跟动名词，故答案为being。
（2）考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the pet shop，关系词在从句中作open的宾语，故答案为which。
（3）考查副词。此处修饰动词have been acknowledged，所以将形容词final改为副词。故答案为finally。
（4）考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知此处是句子的谓语，根据后面宾语从句中的had可知是一般过去时，故答案为declared。
（5）考查动词不定式作定语。a plan to do sth做某事的计划，故答案为to retire。
（6）考查动词的时态。此处是定语从句，I是句子的主语，根据后面的over the years可知用现在完成时。故答案为have made。
（7）考查连词的用法。句意：我工作不是因为生活所迫，而是因为我想工作。not……but……不是……而是……。故答案为but。
（8）考查非谓语动词。此处作定语，修饰call，与say构成主动关系，用现在分词，故答案为saying。
（9）考查冠词的基本用法。joke是可数名词，前用不定冠词a，表示“一个笑话”，故答案为a。
（10）考查形容词。be+形容词，构成系表结构，故答案为wonderful。
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
16．（2019·新课标Ⅰ卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are. Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】that；poorly；of/for；to perform；have reported；belief；noting；higher；the；are
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍北极熊的分布和数量等相关信息。
（1）考查名词性从句。这是同位语从句，解释evidence（证据），故答案为that。
（2）考查形容词转换副词。此处修饰studied，故用副词，故答案为poorly。
（3）考查介词的搭配。由空格后的动名词可知此处需要介词，指追踪北极熊数量的方法，故答案为of或for。
（4）考查非谓语动词。主+系+形容词+to do……。此处句意为：追踪北极熊数量的方法在很大范围内一直进行的话是很昂贵的。故答案为to perform。
（5）考查动词的时态。In recent years是现在完成时的标志，故答案为have reported。
（6）考查词性转换。 由a可知此处用believe的名词，故答案为belief。
（7）考查非谓语动词。 by+v-ing 表示“通过……”，故答案为noting。
（8）考查形容词的比较级。由than可知此处用比较级，故答案为higher。
（9）考查冠词的用法。句意：在19个公认的北极熊亚种中……。此处表示特指 ，故用定冠词the。
（10）此处考查谓语。根据前一句three are declining可知此处用一般现在时，故答案为are。
【点评】考查语法填空。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题一般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等，如果是冠词，则空后需跟名词。而有提示词的需要根据语境，分析句子结构，判断所填词的词性，再确定所填词的形式。
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