人教版(2019) 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions课件-(48张ppt)

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名称 人教版(2019) 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions课件-(48张ppt)
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(共48张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
words and expressions
disaster n. 灾难,灾害
environmental disasters 环境灾害 a natural disaster 自然灾害
disaster area 灾区
disaster - affected /disaster - hit area 受灾地区
disaster recovery 灾后恢复
disaster prevention 防灾
a disaster film / movie 灾难片
熟词生义
disaster 还可以表示“不幸;祸患;彻底失败的人(或事)”。
Losing your job doesn’t have to be such a disaster .
丢了工作不一定就是大难临头。(单个动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式)
As a father , he’s a disaster .作为一个父亲,他压根儿就不称职。
tornado
n. 龙卷风;旋风
Pl.
tornadoes
tornados
drought n.旱灾;久旱
landslide n.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡
= landfall
slide
vi.&vt. (使)滑行;滑动
slide show 放映幻灯片
slide down 滑下;塌陷;下滑音
slide into 不知不觉陷入;不知不觉地沾染
tsunami n.海啸
volcanic eruption 火山喷发
flood n. & v.
(1)n. 洪水;大量
flood damage洪涝灾害 under flood 遭受洪灾
a flood of complaints 大量的投诉
The river is in flood. 河水泛滥。in flood of tears 泪如泉涌
(2)vi. 淹没;大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水;淹没
flood in/into... 大量涌入……flood out of sth. 蜂拥而出……
flood... with... 把…… 大量送至……;使……充满……(be flooded with sth.被...淹没;充斥着)
flood over/back(感觉或回忆)突然涌现
magnitude
n.(地 )震级;重大
n. 巨大,重要性
= huge; importance
the magnitude of ...的重要性
n. 震级;规模,大小,数量,数值;(恒星的)亮度
earthquake n.地震
rescue n.&vt. 营救;救援
(1) n. 营救;救援
come to one’s rescue 来援救某人
rescue workers 救援人员
a rescue team/party 救援队
rescue operations救援行动
make/perform a rescue 进行营救
attempt a rescue 设法(实行)营救
come/go to one’s rescue 前来营救某人
(2)vt. 营救;救援
rescue... from... 把……从……中救出来
rescue a child from drowning 救起一名落水儿童
rescue the company from ruin 拯救公司免于破产
damage n. & vt.
(1)vt. 损害;破坏
be seriously/badly damaged 遭受严重损害
be slightly damaged 轻微受损
damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
Smoking can damage our health. =Smoking can do damage to our health. 抽烟会损害我们的健康。
damage to 对......的损坏
damage from 由......引起的损害
(2)n. 损坏;损失
搭配:do/cause damage to... 对……造成损害
environmental damage 环境损害;环境破坏
serious/heavy/lasting/total damage 重大的/ 严重的/持久的/总的损害(损失)
suffer/repair /pay for damage遭受/弥补/赔偿 损失(损害)
prevent serious property damage 防止严重的财产损失
词语辨析
damage 部分性“破坏”“损坏”,一般还可修复。
destroy 彻底性“破坏”“毁坏”,一般不能或很难再修复。
ruin 严重“毁坏”,侧重指破坏事物的内在价值。
destroy vt. 摧毁,毁灭
the hope 打破希望
the evidence 销毁证据
the confidence 打击信心
the peace 破坏和平
the environment 破坏环境
oneself 毁掉自己
evacuate
vt.疏散,撤出 vi.撤离
evacuate from 从...撤退;从...转移;从...疏散
evacuate to 撤退至;疏散至;转移到
evacuated to 被抽真空
adj. evacuated 疏散的;排空的,撤退者的
n. evacuation 撤离,疏散;排泄,排空,清除
helicopter
n.直升机
death
n. 死 ;死亡 die v. 死,死亡 die of ... 死于...(内因) ;die from...死于...(外因)
dead adj.死的 dying adj. 临死的
die a glorious death 光荣牺牲
death rate 死亡率
n. 生命的终结,死亡状态
scare / frighten .. to death 把...吓得半死
starve to death 饿死
be sentenced to death 被判死刑
death of one’s hopes 某人希望的破灭
n.毁灭,破灭
That defeat meant the death of all my hopes .那次失败毁灭了我所有的希望。
the death of one ’ s hopes 某人希望的破灭
the death of his career 他职业生涯的毁灭
the death of all my plans 我所有计划的破灭
a matter of life and death 攸关生死之事
v / adj .+- th → n .
grow v. 增长→ growth n .增长
long adj .长的→ length n .长度
wide adj .宽的→ width n .宽度
deep adj .深的→ depth n .深度
true adj .正确的→ truth n .真理
young adj .年轻的+ youth n .青春
affect vt. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
vt. 影响
affect sb. greatly 对某人影响很大
affect one’s decision 影响某人的决定
vt. 感动
be affected by... 被...感动
vt. (疾病)感染
be affected area 被感染的地区
affection n. 喜爱;钟爱 ;感情
have an affection for 喜爱……
affecting adj. 动人的,感人的
affect/ effect/ influence 词汇辨析
affect 及物动词,指影响大,着重动作,有时指不利影响。
effect 作名词指“影响,结果”;作动词指“引起,使发生”。
influence 可作名词或动词,指潜移默化的(地)影响。
effect n. 作用;影响
have an effect on ... 对……有影响
in effect 事实上,实际上
bring/put sth. into effect 实行,实施,使生效
come into effect 生效,开始实施 side effect 副作用
shelter n. & v.
(1)n. 避难处;居所;庇护
seek shelter 寻求庇护
construct a shelter 搭建一个避难所
provide shelter for 为……提供庇护
under the shelter of 在……的庇护下
take shelter from 躲避……
a homeless shelter无家可归者的收容所
a temporary shelter 临时避难所
emergency shelter 紧急避难所
(2)vt. 保护;掩蔽
vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
shelter... from... 保护……免受……
shelter from... 躲避……
shelter under .…躲在……下面
shelter behind....躲在…后面
crack n. 裂纹;裂缝 v.(使)破裂
gas n. 气体,燃气。汽油 =(oil)
as if /as though 似乎,好像,仿佛
用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句
(1) 引导表语从句( sound / look / seem / feel …+ as if 表语从句)
What’s the noise It sounds as if it comes from upstairs .什么声音?听起来好像是从楼上传来的。
We’ve missed the bus . It looks as if we ' ll have to walk .我们错过了公共汽车,看来我们得步行了。
(2) 引导方式状语从句
They treat me as if I were a stranger .他们待我如陌生人。
They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed .他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它们不存在似的。
(1) as if 引导的从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,应使用陈述语气;若与事实不符或相反,应使用虚拟语气,此时 as if 从句的谓语构成如下:
与现在事实不符:一般过去时( be 动词用 were );
与过去事实不符:过去完成时( had +过去分词);
与将来事实不符: would / could / might / should +动词原形。
He looks at me as ifI were mad .他看着我仿佛我疯了似的。
He was in great trouble , but he behaved as if nothing had happened .他遇到了很大的麻烦,但他表现得若无其事。
She is in a talktive mood as if she would get 1 billion tomorrow .她滔滔不绝,话兴正浓,就好像明天能得到10个亿似的。
(2) as if 引导的从句有时可用省略形式,这样就变成了“ as if +分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语”。
省略原则同时间、条件、让步等状语从句的省略原则:当从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是 it ,从句谓语中又含有 be 动词时,从句中主语和 be 动词可省略。
She stood at the door as if ( she was ) waiting for someone .她站在门口,好像在等人。
ruin n .破坏;毁坏;可数n./ pl .废墟,残垣断壁
go to ruin / fall into ruin 衰落,败落
in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
reduce sth . to ruins 把某物夷为废墟
financial ruin 破产
ruin 表示“废墟”时常力用复数形式
the ruins of ......的遗迹
A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution .革命过后,许多教堂都毁了。
Years of fighting have left the area in ruins .
多年的战事已使得这个地区破败不堪。
vt .毁坏,破坏,糟蹋;使破产(或丢失地位等)
My new shoes got ruined in the mud .我的断鞋被泥浆给糟踢了 。
ruin oneself 毁了自己
ruin one’s hope / health 毁掉某人的希望/健康
ruin one’s appetite 破坏某人的食欲
ruin one’s life 毁掉某人的生活
ruin the reputation 破坏声誉
ruin one’s journey 破坏某人的旅行
ruin one’s career 毁掉某人的事业
单复数意义不同的常考词归纳:
ruin 毁坏 → ruins 废墟
damage 损坏;损失 → damages (法院判定的)损害赔偿金
force 力量 → forces 军队,兵力
instruction 指导 → instructions 说明(书)
spirit 精神 → spirits 情绪,心情
percent n.百分之.... adj.&adv. 每一百中
表示百分几的多少时,用 数字+percent + of,如:
29% 的学生: twenty-nine percent of students
15% 的老师: fifteen percent of teachers
brick n. 砖,砖块
metal n.金属
shock in shock 震惊,吃惊
(1) n .震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
give sb. a shock 使某人震惊
a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是个极大的震撼(抽象名具体化)
The news gave us a shock.这消息使我们感到震惊。
(2) v.(使)震惊;(使)惊愕
It shocks sb. to do sth.做某事让某人感到震惊。
It shocks sb. that ..... 让某人感到震惊。
It shocks sb. to see / hear …看到/听到……使某人震惊。
be shocked at / by 对……感到震惊/被…震惊到
be shocked that .…对…感到震惊
The news shocked the public , leading (现在分词短语作结果状语)to great concern about the students’ safety at school ,这一消息震惊了公众,引起了人们对子生在校安全的极大关注。
in shock 震惊,吃惊
electric shock 触电;电休克
emotional / culture shock 情感上的打击/文化冲击
shocked adj .震惊的
a shocked look / expression / voice 震惊的表情/声音
shocking adj .使人震惊的;骇人的
shocking behaviour 骇人听闻的行为 shocking news 令人震惊的消息
electricity n.电,电能
electric adj.电的;令人激动的;电子的 n. 电路系统
[pl.] electrics 比较级 /最高级 :more/ most electric
trap
v .( trapped 一 trapped - trapping )使落人险境;使陷人圈套
be trapped in
困在......中;陷入......中
be trapped by 被......困住
=(be caught in/by 陷入;卷入)
trap sb . into doing sth.
=( trick sb . into doing sth )诱骗某人做某事
n.(捕捉动物的) 陷阱;圈套;(难以逃脱的)困境
fall into the trap of ( doing ) sth .掉进(做)某事的陷阱
avoid the trap of ( doing ) sth .避免掉进(做)某事的陷阱
lay / set a trap ( for sb .)(给某人)设下圈套
fall / walk into a trap 落入圈套
bury
(1) vt .埋葬;安葬;埋藏;覆盖;遮盖
bury ... in ...把......埋到......里
bury one ’ s face / head in one’s hands 双手掩面/双手抱头
Bury the old world and build a new one .埋葬旧世界,建设新世界。
Your letter got buried under a pile of papers .你的信被压在一堆文件底下。
a deeply buried memory 深埋的记忆
2) vt .使陷人入;掩藏(感情、错误等)
bury one ' s feelings 隐藏感情,感情不外露
bury 的引申义是“埋头,专心”
bury oneself in = be buried in 埋头于,专心于
bury yourself in your work / study 埋头工作/学习
[拓]专心于,致力于
be lost in
devote oneself to = be devoted to ( to 是介词)
concentrate on
be absorbed in
focus on
breathe vi .& vt .呼吸
breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
breathe ( new ) life into (给某事物)带来起色,注入活力
breathe deeply 深呼吸
breathe regularly 均匀呼吸
breathe hard 呼吸困难
breathe ( freely / easily ) again 平静下来;松一ロ气
breathe a sigh of relief 舒一ロ气
breath n. 呼吸
(be) out of breath 气喘吁吁,上气不接下气
take a deep breath 深吸一ロ气
take one’s breath away 令人惊叹;让人叹绝
(= to be very surprising or beautiul )
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
lose one’s breath 喘不上气来
(注:lose one’s breath 与 be out of breath 虽然含义相同,但是lose one’s breath 表示动作,be out of breath 表示状态。)
revive vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒
revival n.振兴;复苏
revive in 在...上复活
Everything begins to revive.
-- 万物开始复苏。
复兴号:China Rejuvenation
复兴之路:The road to revival
effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
effortless adi .不费力气的;应付自如的
make an / every effort ( to do sth.) & make efforts ( to do sth .)尽力(做某事);努力(做某事)
It takes effort to do sth .花费精力去做某事。
put effort into (doing) sth.对………付出努力
spare no effort ( to do sth .)不遗余力(做某事)
in an effort to do sth .努力做某事
with/without effort 努力地;费力地/毫不费力地
be worth the effort 值得努力
through one’s effort 通过某人的努力
注:表达“很大的力气”可以说 great effort ( s ), a lot of effort ( s ),但不可用 big 修饰 effort 。
unify vi&vt.统一;(使)成一体
过去式、过去分词:unified
现在分词:unifying
拓:unit n.单位
unity n. 团结,统一;统一体
wisdom n.智慧;才智
wise adj.明智的;聪明的;博学的
smart adj. 聪明的
intelligent adj.聪明的
advisable adj.明智的
context n. 上下文;语境;背景
[Pl.] contexts
suffer vt .遭受;蒙受
vi .(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffer from 因....而遭受损失,受苦(痛苦等)
suffer from a bad back 背疼得厉害
suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒
suffer from ill health 身体不好
suffer from the loss of memory 患失忆症
sufer from a headache / toothache 头疼/牙疼
suffer from the flood 遭受洪水
suffer for 为.....而吃苦头
suffer for one’s foolishness 因某人的愚蠢而受苦
suffer 为及物动词时:
suffer hunger / shame 挨饿/蒙羞
suffer pain / hardships 经历痛苦/苦难
suffer losses / damage 遭受失/损害
suffer (a) defeat 遭受失败
suffer punishment 遭受惩罚
suffer shock / misfortune 遭受打击/不幸
volcano n.火山
[pl.] volcanoes&volcanos
erupt vi.& vt.火山爆发(岩浆、烟等)喷出;
(暴力、愤怒等)突然发作
erupt from 从······喷出
erupt violently 猛烈地爆发
erupt into 突然变为或发展成(更坏的
eruption n . 爆发;突发
volcanic eruption 火山喷发
supply
n .供应(量);补给;储备;[ pl .]补给品
a supply of / supplies of ..……的供应、一批
( be ) in short supply 供应短缺;供应不足
the water / electricity / gas / food supply 水/电力/煤气/食物供应
supply and demand 供求关系
according to supply and demand 根据供求关系;根据供应量和需求量
supplies of vegetables 蔬菜的供应
supply chain 供应链
vt .供应;供给
supply sb . with sth .为某人提供某物
supply sth . to sb .把某物提供给某人
拓:“提供”的其他表达法:
(1) provide 强调提供所需之物。
provide sb . with sth .为某人提供某物
provide sth . for / to sb .为某人提供某物
(2) offer 强调主动提供。
offer sb . sth .提供某人某物(offer 后接双宾语)
offer sth . to sb .把某物提供给某人
typhoon n. 台风
in the open air
露天;在户外
hurricane n.(尤指西大西洋的) 飓风
survive
survivor n. 幸存者;生还者 survival n. 生存,幸存
(1) vt .幸免于,从.....中逃生;挺过,艰难度过
survive sth .从.....幸免于难/活下来
survive the disaster 幸免于难
survive the war 在战争中活下来
(2) vi .幸存;活下来
survive as ...作为......继续存在
survive from 从......遗传下来(后接表示“以往的时代”的名词)
(3) vi .(靠很少的钱)继续维持生活
survive on (= live on )靠…活下来;靠…生存
survive on one’s salary 靠薪水生活
(4) vt .比......活(或存在)的时间长
survive sb. by... 比某人多活.......
survive her by six years 比她多活6年。
构词法:v.+-al→n.
propose→proposal (提议)
approve→approval(赞成;批准)
power n.
(1) 电力供应;能量;力量
(2)能力;控制力
(3)政权;统治
powerful adj .强有力的;强大的
(1) nuclear / wind / solar power 核能/风能/太阳能
power failure 停电
power station / plant 发电站
(2) within one’s power 在某人能力范围之内
do everything in one’s power to do sth.尽全力做某事
beyond / out of one’s power 某人能力所不能及
have the power to do sth. 有能力做某事
power of speech 说话能力
(3) take / seize / lose power 掌握/夺取/失掉政权
come to power 掌握政权,得势,上台执政(短暂性动词短语,强调动作)
be in power 执政;当权(强调状态)
have sb.in one ' s power 能支配某人
词语辨析
power , strength , force 与 energy
power 指权力、势力或影响力。
strength 指人的体力,也可指强项、长处。
force 强调暴力、武力等。
energy 主要指人的精力或能源。
tap v. 轻扣;轻敲;轻拍
n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
pipe n.管子;管道
whistle vi.吹口哨;发出笛声
vt.吹口哨
n.哨子(声);呼啸声
emergency
n.突发事件;紧急情况
emergent adj. 新兴的;处于发展初期的
the emergency exit 紧急出口
the emergency room / ward 急救室
the emergency button 紧急按钮
the emergency personnel 应急人员
the emergency call 紧急呼叫
the emergency department 急诊科
the emergency system 应急系统
emergent nations / states 新兴民族/国家
calm
(1) adj.镇静的;沉着的;无风的;风平浪静的
keep / stay / remain calm 保持镇静;保持冷静
(2)vt. 以使平静;使镇静
calm ( sb.) down (使某人)平静下来,镇静下来
词语积累:
calmness n.平静;镇静;冷静
return to calmness 恢复平静
calmly adv.平静地;镇静地;冷静地
词语辨析
calm , stil , quiet 与 silent
(1) calm 既可指天气、海洋等的平静状态,又可指人的镇定沉着、不慌乱。
You should stay calm even in an emergency .
即使在紧急情况下你也应保持镇静。
(2) still 表示站、坐、躺的姿势静止、不动。
Keep still . The photographer is ready .保持不动。摄影师准备好了。
(3) quiet 表示人的外表安静或性情稳定;也指没有喧闹、活动或骚乱的寂静状态。
Please keep the kids quiet .请让孩子们安静点。
4) silent 指沉默不语
He was silent for a moment and then left .他沉默了一会儿,然后离开了
aid n.援助;帮助;救援物资
vi.& vt.帮助;援助(比help用法正式)
first aid 急救
do / give / offer / perform / carry out first aid ( to sb .)(对某人)实施急救
come to one’s aid = come to the aid of sb.帮某人的忙
in aid of 为了帮助.......
with/without the aid of 在......的帮助下;依靠......
aid sb . in ( doing ) sth .帮助某人(做)某事
aid sb.with sth.在某方面帮助某人
aid sb .to do sth.帮助某人做某事
kit n.成套工具;成套设备
first aid kit 急救箱
on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
The emergency services were on hand with medical advice .随时都有急诊服务,并提供医疗咨询。
in hand 在手头;在处理中
by hand 手工(信件)亲手交付,由专人递送
hand in hand 手拉手地;联合
give / lend a helping hand 伸出援助之手;帮助
on the one hand .. on the other hand .一方面…另一方面…………
hand in 上交;提交
hand over 交出;移交
at hand 在手边;即将到来;可能很快发生
shake hands 握手
hand out 分发
hand on 移交;传递下去
crash
(1) vt .& vi .碰撞;撞击;(使)猛撞
(2) n.撞车;碰撞;(倒下、破碎等突然的)碰撞声
crash a car / bus 撞汽车/公共汽车
crash through 撞毁;闯入
crash into / onto sth .撞到某物上
a car / plane crash 汽车撞车事故/飞机失事
crash site 坠毁现场;摔毁现场
survive the air crash 在飞机失事中生还
sweep vt.& vi .( swept , swept )打扫;清扫;突然袭来;迅速传播
sweep away 消灭;彻底消除
sweep the floor 清扫地板;扫地
sweep aside 对......置之不理;不理会;全然无视
sweep out 打扫干净,清扫干净
sweep up 打扫,清扫
sweep off 扫清;吹走
sweep through 席卷;轻易通过
wave n .海浪;波浪
vi.& vt.挥手;招手
n .海浪;波浪;心潮;风潮;挥手
a wave of 一波......一阵......
a wave of panic 一阵恐慌
make waves 大肆张扬;咋咋呼呼
radio waves 无线电波
give sb . a wave 向某人挥手
vi.& vt.挥手;招手;挥舞,挥动(手中之物)
wave to / at 向……挥手
wave sth.at sb. 向某人挥动某物
wave sb.goodbye
=wave goodbye to sb.跟某人挥手道别
wave off 挥手送别
wavy adj .波浪形的;起伏不平的
curly adj .卷曲的
wavy line 波浪线
wavy hair 卷发
wavy sea 波浪起伏的大海
strike
struck , struck / stricken striking adj. 引人注目的;
显著的
(1) vt .& vi .(灾难、疾病)侵袭;袭击;爆发
The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera .那一地区爆发了霍乱。
(2) vt .撞;碰;撞击;碰撞.& vi ,敲(钟),报时,划(火柴),击出(火星)
strike sb . on / against / in /...+ the +表身体部位的名词击打某人的....
strike a match 划火柴
Strike while the iron is hot .趁热打铁。
(3) vt.突然想到;一下子想起;猛地意识到(不用于进行时)
It strikes / hits sb.that ...= It occurs to sb. that .…某人突然想起……
be struck with / by / on 被……打动
strike... into one’s heart 使某人感到………
(4) n .罢工,罢课;袭击;击,打
end / cal off a strike 结束罢工搭配
be on strike 在罢工(状态)
go on strike 举行罢工(动作)
deliver
vt.& vi.递送;传达
deliver...to...投递/运送某物给...
deliver newspapers 送报纸
deliver the goods 交货
vt.发表
deliver a speech 发表演说
vt.接生,助产;分娩,生产
deliver a baby 接生;生小孩
be delivered of a boy 生下一个男孩
deliver sb . from danger 使某人脱险
delivery n .递送;分娩;演讲方式
an easy/a difficult delivey 顺/难产
Please pay for goods on delivery
summary n.总结;概括;概要
summarize vt .概述;总结
a news summary 新闻综述
a summary of......的总结/摘要
write a summary of this report 写一个这份报告的摘要
in summary (= to sum up ) 总的来说,总之
make a summary 作总结
summarize one’s point 总结某人的观点
effect n.影响;结果;效果
bring / put sth. into effect 实行
bring about effect 产生效果
come into effect 生效;开始实施
take effect 生效;开始实施
have an/no effect on 对…有(无)影响 (=affect)
in effect 实际上;事实上
with effect from...从……起开始生效
to no effect 毫无成效
side effect 副作用
greenhouse effect 温室效应
cause and effect 因果
effect / result
effect 强调因果关系,和 cause 相对;
result 指直接或间接、近因或远因引起的结果。
effective adj.有效的;生效的
effectively adv.有效地;事实上
length
n.长;长度;(持续)时间的长短;篇幅
long adj. 长的
at length 最后,最终;详细地,详尽地
at arm ' s length 敬而远之,保持距离
at great/ full length 十分详尽地
go to any /some/great length竭尽全力;不遗余力
discuss the plan at length 详细讨论该计划
in length 长度
the length of ..……的长度
(length 作“长度”讲时,多用作不可数名词.)
n./adj .+- en →v.
strength n.力量→ strengthen vi.增强
length n.长度→ lengthen v.(使)变长
height n.高度→ heighten v.(使)加强,(使)提高
wide adj.宽的→widen v. (使)变宽
deep adj.深的→ deepen vi.加深
en -+ n./adj .→ v.
courage n.勇气→ encourage vi.鼓励
rich adj. 富有的→enrich vt.使丰富